static char help[] = "Test sequential r2c/c2r FFTW without PETSc interface \n\n";

/*
  Compiling the code:
      This code uses the real numbers version of PETSc
*/

#include <petscmat.h>
#include <fftw3.h>

int main(int argc, char **args)
{
  typedef enum {
    RANDOM,
    CONSTANT,
    TANH,
    NUM_FUNCS
  } FuncType;
  const char  *funcNames[NUM_FUNCS] = {"random", "constant", "tanh"};
  PetscMPIInt  size;
  int          n = 10, N, Ny, ndim = 4, i, dim[4], DIM;
  Vec          x, y, z;
  PetscScalar  s;
  PetscRandom  rdm;
  PetscReal    enorm;
  PetscInt     func     = RANDOM;
  FuncType     function = RANDOM;
  PetscBool    view     = PETSC_FALSE;
  PetscScalar *x_array, *y_array, *z_array;
  fftw_plan    fplan, bplan;

  PetscFunctionBeginUser;
  PetscCall(PetscInitialize(&argc, &args, NULL, help));
#if defined(PETSC_USE_COMPLEX)
  SETERRQ(PETSC_COMM_WORLD, PETSC_ERR_SUP, "This example requires real numbers");
#endif

  PetscCallMPI(MPI_Comm_size(PETSC_COMM_WORLD, &size));
  PetscCheck(size == 1, PETSC_COMM_WORLD, PETSC_ERR_WRONG_MPI_SIZE, "This is a uniprocessor example only!");
  PetscOptionsBegin(PETSC_COMM_WORLD, NULL, "FFTW Options", "ex142");
  PetscCall(PetscOptionsEList("-function", "Function type", "ex142", funcNames, NUM_FUNCS, funcNames[function], &func, NULL));
  PetscCall(PetscOptionsBool("-vec_view draw", "View the functions", "ex142", view, &view, NULL));
  function = (FuncType)func;
  PetscOptionsEnd();

  for (DIM = 0; DIM < ndim; DIM++) dim[DIM] = n; /* size of real space vector in DIM-dimension */
  PetscCall(PetscRandomCreate(PETSC_COMM_SELF, &rdm));
  PetscCall(PetscRandomSetFromOptions(rdm));

  for (DIM = 1; DIM < 5; DIM++) {
    /* create vectors of length N=dim[0]*dim[1]* ...*dim[DIM-1] */
    /*----------------------------------------------------------*/
    N = Ny = 1;
    for (i = 0; i < DIM - 1; i++) N *= dim[i];
    Ny = N;
    Ny *= 2 * (dim[DIM - 1] / 2 + 1); /* add padding elements to output vector y */
    N *= dim[DIM - 1];

    PetscCall(PetscPrintf(PETSC_COMM_SELF, "\n %d-D: FFTW on vector of size %d \n", DIM, N));
    PetscCall(VecCreateSeq(PETSC_COMM_SELF, N, &x));
    PetscCall(PetscObjectSetName((PetscObject)x, "Real space vector"));

    PetscCall(VecCreateSeq(PETSC_COMM_SELF, Ny, &y));
    PetscCall(PetscObjectSetName((PetscObject)y, "Frequency space vector"));

    PetscCall(VecDuplicate(x, &z));
    PetscCall(PetscObjectSetName((PetscObject)z, "Reconstructed vector"));

    /* Set fftw plan                    */
    /*----------------------------------*/
    PetscCall(VecGetArray(x, &x_array));
    PetscCall(VecGetArray(y, &y_array));
    PetscCall(VecGetArray(z, &z_array));

    unsigned int flags = FFTW_ESTIMATE; /*or FFTW_MEASURE */
    /* The data in the in/out arrays is overwritten during FFTW_MEASURE planning, so such planning
     should be done before the input is initialized by the user. */
    PetscCall(PetscPrintf(PETSC_COMM_SELF, "DIM: %d, N %d, Ny %d\n", DIM, N, Ny));

    switch (DIM) {
    case 1:
      fplan = fftw_plan_dft_r2c_1d(dim[0], (double *)x_array, (fftw_complex *)y_array, flags);
      bplan = fftw_plan_dft_c2r_1d(dim[0], (fftw_complex *)y_array, (double *)z_array, flags);
      break;
    case 2:
      fplan = fftw_plan_dft_r2c_2d(dim[0], dim[1], (double *)x_array, (fftw_complex *)y_array, flags);
      bplan = fftw_plan_dft_c2r_2d(dim[0], dim[1], (fftw_complex *)y_array, (double *)z_array, flags);
      break;
    case 3:
      fplan = fftw_plan_dft_r2c_3d(dim[0], dim[1], dim[2], (double *)x_array, (fftw_complex *)y_array, flags);
      bplan = fftw_plan_dft_c2r_3d(dim[0], dim[1], dim[2], (fftw_complex *)y_array, (double *)z_array, flags);
      break;
    default:
      fplan = fftw_plan_dft_r2c(DIM, (int *)dim, (double *)x_array, (fftw_complex *)y_array, flags);
      bplan = fftw_plan_dft_c2r(DIM, (int *)dim, (fftw_complex *)y_array, (double *)z_array, flags);
      break;
    }

    PetscCall(VecRestoreArray(x, &x_array));
    PetscCall(VecRestoreArray(y, &y_array));
    PetscCall(VecRestoreArray(z, &z_array));

    /* Initialize Real space vector x:
       The data in the in/out arrays is overwritten during FFTW_MEASURE planning, so planning
       should be done before the input is initialized by the user.
    --------------------------------------------------------*/
    if (function == RANDOM) {
      PetscCall(VecSetRandom(x, rdm));
    } else if (function == CONSTANT) {
      PetscCall(VecSet(x, 1.0));
    } else if (function == TANH) {
      PetscCall(VecGetArray(x, &x_array));
      for (i = 0; i < N; ++i) x_array[i] = tanh((i - N / 2.0) * (10.0 / N));
      PetscCall(VecRestoreArray(x, &x_array));
    }
    if (view) PetscCall(VecView(x, PETSC_VIEWER_STDOUT_WORLD));

    /* FFT - also test repeated transformation   */
    /*-------------------------------------------*/
    PetscCall(VecGetArray(x, &x_array));
    PetscCall(VecGetArray(y, &y_array));
    PetscCall(VecGetArray(z, &z_array));
    for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
      /* FFTW_FORWARD */
      fftw_execute(fplan);

      /* FFTW_BACKWARD: destroys its input array 'y_array' even for out-of-place transforms! */
      fftw_execute(bplan);
    }
    PetscCall(VecRestoreArray(x, &x_array));
    PetscCall(VecRestoreArray(y, &y_array));
    PetscCall(VecRestoreArray(z, &z_array));

    /* Compare x and z. FFTW computes an unnormalized DFT, thus z = N*x */
    /*------------------------------------------------------------------*/
    s = 1.0 / (PetscReal)N;
    PetscCall(VecScale(z, s));
    if (view) PetscCall(VecView(x, PETSC_VIEWER_DRAW_WORLD));
    if (view) PetscCall(VecView(z, PETSC_VIEWER_DRAW_WORLD));
    PetscCall(VecAXPY(z, -1.0, x));
    PetscCall(VecNorm(z, NORM_1, &enorm));
    if (enorm > 1.e-11) PetscCall(PetscPrintf(PETSC_COMM_SELF, "  Error norm of |x - z| %g\n", (double)enorm));

    /* free spaces */
    fftw_destroy_plan(fplan);
    fftw_destroy_plan(bplan);
    PetscCall(VecDestroy(&x));
    PetscCall(VecDestroy(&y));
    PetscCall(VecDestroy(&z));
  }
  PetscCall(PetscRandomDestroy(&rdm));
  PetscCall(PetscFinalize());
  return 0;
}

/*TEST

   build:
     requires: fftw !complex

   test:
     output_file: output/ex142.out

TEST*/