#include <petsc-private/snesimpl.h> /*I "petscsnes.h" I*/

#define H(i,j)  qn->dXdFmat[i*qn->m + j]

const char *const SNESQNCompositionTypes[] =  {"SEQUENTIAL","COMPOSED","SNESQNCompositionType","SNES_QN_",0};
const char *const SNESQNScaleTypes[] =      {"NONE","SHANNO","LINESEARCH","JACOBIAN","SNESQNScaleType","SNES_QN_SCALING_",0};
const char *const SNESQNRestartTypes[] =      {"NONE","POWELL","PERIODIC","SNESQNRestartType","SNES_QN_RESTART_",0};

typedef struct {
  Vec          *dX;              /* The change in X */
  Vec          *dF;              /* The change in F */
  PetscInt     m;                /* The number of kept previous steps */
  PetscScalar  *alpha, *beta;
  PetscScalar  *dXtdF, *dFtdX, *YtdX;
  PetscBool    singlereduction;  /* Aggregated reduction implementation */
  PetscScalar  *dXdFmat;         /* A matrix of values for dX_i dot dF_j */
  PetscViewer  monitor;
  PetscReal    powell_gamma;     /* Powell angle restart condition */
  PetscReal    powell_downhill;  /* Powell descent restart condition */
  PetscReal    scaling;          /* scaling of H0 */
  PetscInt     restart_periodic; /* the maximum iterations between restart */

  SNESQNCompositionType composition_type; /* determine if the composition is done sequentially or as a composition */
  SNESQNScaleType       scale_type;       /* determine if the composition is done sequentially or as a composition */
  SNESQNRestartType     restart_type;     /* determine the frequency and type of restart conditions */
} SNES_QN;

#undef __FUNCT__
#define __FUNCT__ "SNESQNApplyJinv_Private"
PetscErrorCode SNESQNApplyJinv_Private(SNES snes, PetscInt it, Vec D, Vec Y) {

  PetscErrorCode ierr;

  SNES_QN *qn = (SNES_QN*)snes->data;

  Vec Yin = snes->work[3];

  Vec *dX = qn->dX;
  Vec *dF = qn->dF;

  PetscScalar *alpha    = qn->alpha;
  PetscScalar *beta     = qn->beta;
  PetscScalar *dXtdF    = qn->dXtdF;
  PetscScalar *YtdX     = qn->YtdX;

  /* ksp thing for jacobian scaling */
  KSPConvergedReason kspreason;
  MatStructure       flg = DIFFERENT_NONZERO_PATTERN;

  PetscInt k, i, j, g, lits;
  PetscInt m = qn->m;
  PetscScalar t;
  PetscInt l = m;

  Mat jac, jac_pre;

  PetscFunctionBegin;

  ierr = VecCopy(D, Y);CHKERRQ(ierr);

  if (it < m) l = it;

  if (qn->singlereduction) {
    ierr = VecMDot(Y, l, qn->dX, YtdX);CHKERRQ(ierr);
  }
  /* outward recursion starting at iteration k's update and working back */
  for (i = 0; i < l; i++) {
    k = (it - i - 1) % l;
    if (qn->singlereduction) {
      /* construct t = dX[k] dot Y as Y_0 dot dX[k] + sum(-alpha[j]dX[k]dF[j]) */
      t = YtdX[k];
      for (j = 0; j < i; j++) {
        g = (it - j - 1) % l;
        t += -alpha[g]*H(g, k);
      }
      alpha[k] = t / H(k, k);
    } else {
      ierr = VecDot(dX[k], Y, &t);CHKERRQ(ierr);
      alpha[k] = t / dXtdF[k];
    }
    if (qn->monitor) {
      ierr = PetscViewerASCIIAddTab(qn->monitor,((PetscObject)snes)->tablevel+2);CHKERRQ(ierr);
      ierr = PetscViewerASCIIPrintf(qn->monitor, "it: %d k: %d alpha:        %14.12e\n", it, k, PetscRealPart(alpha[k]));CHKERRQ(ierr);
      ierr = PetscViewerASCIISubtractTab(qn->monitor,((PetscObject)snes)->tablevel+2);CHKERRQ(ierr);
    }
    ierr = VecAXPY(Y, -alpha[k], dF[k]);CHKERRQ(ierr);
  }

  if (qn->scale_type == SNES_QN_SCALE_JACOBIAN) {
    ierr = SNESGetJacobian(snes, &jac, &jac_pre, PETSC_NULL, PETSC_NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
    ierr = KSPSetOperators(snes->ksp,jac,jac_pre,flg);CHKERRQ(ierr);
    ierr = SNES_KSPSolve(snes,snes->ksp,Y,Yin);CHKERRQ(ierr);
    ierr = KSPGetConvergedReason(snes->ksp,&kspreason);CHKERRQ(ierr);
    if (kspreason < 0) {
      if (++snes->numLinearSolveFailures >= snes->maxLinearSolveFailures) {
        ierr = PetscInfo2(snes,"iter=%D, number linear solve failures %D greater than current SNES allowed, stopping solve\n",snes->iter,snes->numLinearSolveFailures);CHKERRQ(ierr);
        snes->reason = SNES_DIVERGED_LINEAR_SOLVE;
        PetscFunctionReturn(0);
      }
    }
    ierr = KSPGetIterationNumber(snes->ksp,&lits);CHKERRQ(ierr);
    snes->linear_its += lits;
    ierr = VecCopy(Yin, Y);CHKERRQ(ierr);
  } else {
    ierr = VecScale(Y, qn->scaling);CHKERRQ(ierr);
  }
  if (qn->singlereduction) {
    ierr = VecMDot(Y, l, qn->dF, YtdX);CHKERRQ(ierr);
  }
  /* inward recursion starting at the first update and working forward */
  for (i = 0; i < l; i++) {
    k = (it + i - l) % l;
    if (qn->singlereduction) {
      t = YtdX[k];
      for (j = 0; j < i; j++) {
        g = (it + j - l) % l;
        t += (alpha[g] - beta[g])*H(k, g);
      }
      beta[k] = t / H(k, k);
    } else {
      ierr = VecDot(dF[k], Y, &t);CHKERRQ(ierr);
      beta[k] = t / dXtdF[k];
    }
    ierr = VecAXPY(Y, (alpha[k] - beta[k]), dX[k]);
    if (qn->monitor) {
      ierr = PetscViewerASCIIAddTab(qn->monitor,((PetscObject)snes)->tablevel+2);CHKERRQ(ierr);
      ierr = PetscViewerASCIIPrintf(qn->monitor, "it: %d k: %d alpha - beta: %14.12e\n", it, k, PetscRealPart(alpha[k] - beta[k]));CHKERRQ(ierr);
      ierr = PetscViewerASCIISubtractTab(qn->monitor,((PetscObject)snes)->tablevel+2);CHKERRQ(ierr);
    }
  }
  PetscFunctionReturn(0);
}

#undef __FUNCT__
#define __FUNCT__ "SNESSolve_QN"
static PetscErrorCode SNESSolve_QN(SNES snes)
{

  PetscErrorCode ierr;
  SNES_QN *qn = (SNES_QN*) snes->data;

  Vec X, Xold;
  Vec F, B;
  Vec Y, FPC, D, Dold;
  SNESConvergedReason reason;
  PetscInt i, i_r, k, l, j;

  PetscReal fnorm, xnorm, ynorm, gnorm;
  PetscInt m = qn->m;
  PetscBool lssucceed,powell,periodic;

  Vec *dX = qn->dX;
  Vec *dF = qn->dF;
  PetscScalar *dXtdF = qn->dXtdF;
  PetscScalar *dFtdX = qn->dFtdX;
  PetscScalar DolddotD, DolddotDold, DdotD, YdotD, a;

  MatStructure       flg = DIFFERENT_NONZERO_PATTERN;

  /* basically just a regular newton's method except for the application of the jacobian */
  PetscFunctionBegin;

  X             = snes->vec_sol;        /* solution vector */
  F             = snes->vec_func;       /* residual vector */
  Y             = snes->vec_sol_update; /* search direction generated by J^-1D*/
  B             = snes->vec_rhs;
  Xold          = snes->work[0];

  /* directions generated by the preconditioned problem with F_pre = F or x - M(x, b) */
  D             = snes->work[1];
  Dold          = snes->work[2];

  snes->reason = SNES_CONVERGED_ITERATING;

  ierr = PetscObjectTakeAccess(snes);CHKERRQ(ierr);
  snes->iter = 0;
  snes->norm = 0.;
  ierr = PetscObjectGrantAccess(snes);CHKERRQ(ierr);
  if (!snes->vec_func_init_set){
    ierr = SNESComputeFunction(snes,X,F);CHKERRQ(ierr);
    if (snes->domainerror) {
      snes->reason = SNES_DIVERGED_FUNCTION_DOMAIN;
      PetscFunctionReturn(0);
    }
  } else {
    snes->vec_func_init_set = PETSC_FALSE;
  }

  if (!snes->norm_init_set) {
    ierr = VecNorm(F, NORM_2, &fnorm);CHKERRQ(ierr); /* fnorm <- ||F||  */
    if (PetscIsInfOrNanReal(fnorm)) SETERRQ(PETSC_COMM_SELF,PETSC_ERR_FP,"Infinite or not-a-number generated in norm");
  } else {
    fnorm = snes->norm_init;
    snes->norm_init_set = PETSC_FALSE;
  }

  ierr = PetscObjectTakeAccess(snes);CHKERRQ(ierr);
  snes->norm = fnorm;
  ierr = PetscObjectGrantAccess(snes);CHKERRQ(ierr);
  SNESLogConvHistory(snes,fnorm,0);
  ierr = SNESMonitor(snes,0,fnorm);CHKERRQ(ierr);

  /* set parameter for default relative tolerance convergence test */
   snes->ttol = fnorm*snes->rtol;
  /* test convergence */
  ierr = (*snes->ops->converged)(snes,0,0.0,0.0,fnorm,&snes->reason,snes->cnvP);CHKERRQ(ierr);
  if (snes->reason) PetscFunctionReturn(0);

  /* composed solve -- either sequential or composed */
  if (snes->pc) {
    if (qn->composition_type == SNES_QN_SEQUENTIAL) {
      ierr = SNESSetInitialFunction(snes->pc, F);CHKERRQ(ierr);
      ierr = SNESSetInitialFunctionNorm(snes->pc, fnorm);CHKERRQ(ierr);
      ierr = SNESSolve(snes->pc, B, X);CHKERRQ(ierr);
      ierr = SNESGetConvergedReason(snes->pc,&reason);CHKERRQ(ierr);
      if (reason < 0 && (reason != SNES_DIVERGED_MAX_IT)) {
        snes->reason = SNES_DIVERGED_INNER;
        PetscFunctionReturn(0);
      }
      ierr = SNESGetFunction(snes->pc, &FPC, PETSC_NULL, PETSC_NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
      ierr = VecCopy(FPC, F);CHKERRQ(ierr);
      ierr = SNESGetFunctionNorm(snes->pc, &fnorm);CHKERRQ(ierr);
      ierr = VecCopy(F, Y);CHKERRQ(ierr);
    } else {
      ierr = VecCopy(X, Y);CHKERRQ(ierr);
      ierr = SNESSetInitialFunction(snes->pc, F);CHKERRQ(ierr);
      ierr = SNESSetInitialFunctionNorm(snes->pc, fnorm);CHKERRQ(ierr);
      ierr = SNESSolve(snes->pc, B, Y);CHKERRQ(ierr);
      ierr = SNESGetConvergedReason(snes->pc,&reason);CHKERRQ(ierr);
      if (reason < 0 && (reason != SNES_DIVERGED_MAX_IT)) {
        snes->reason = SNES_DIVERGED_INNER;
        PetscFunctionReturn(0);
      }
      ierr = VecAYPX(Y,-1.0,X);CHKERRQ(ierr);
    }
  } else {
    ierr = VecCopy(F, Y);CHKERRQ(ierr);
  }
  ierr = VecCopy(Y, D);CHKERRQ(ierr);

  /* scale the initial update */
  if (qn->scale_type == SNES_QN_SCALE_JACOBIAN) {
    ierr = SNESComputeJacobian(snes,X,&snes->jacobian,&snes->jacobian_pre,&flg);CHKERRQ(ierr);
  }

  for(i = 0, i_r = 0; i < snes->max_its; i++, i_r++) {
    ierr = SNESQNApplyJinv_Private(snes, i_r, D, Y);CHKERRQ(ierr);
    /* line search for lambda */
    ynorm = 1; gnorm = fnorm;
    ierr = VecCopy(D, Dold);CHKERRQ(ierr);
    ierr = VecCopy(X, Xold);CHKERRQ(ierr);
    ierr = SNESLineSearchApply(snes->linesearch, X, F, &fnorm, Y);CHKERRQ(ierr);
    if (snes->reason == SNES_DIVERGED_FUNCTION_COUNT) break;
    if (snes->domainerror) {
      snes->reason = SNES_DIVERGED_FUNCTION_DOMAIN;
      PetscFunctionReturn(0);
      }
    ierr = SNESLineSearchGetSuccess(snes->linesearch, &lssucceed);CHKERRQ(ierr);
    if (!lssucceed) {
      if (++snes->numFailures >= snes->maxFailures) {
        snes->reason = SNES_DIVERGED_LINE_SEARCH;
        break;
      }
    }
    ierr = SNESLineSearchGetNorms(snes->linesearch, &xnorm, &fnorm, &ynorm);CHKERRQ(ierr);
    if (qn->scale_type == SNES_QN_SCALE_LINESEARCH) {
      ierr = SNESLineSearchGetLambda(snes->linesearch, &qn->scaling);CHKERRQ(ierr);
    }

    /* convergence monitoring */
    ierr = PetscInfo4(snes,"fnorm=%18.16e, gnorm=%18.16e, ynorm=%18.16e, lssucceed=%d\n",(double)fnorm,(double)gnorm,(double)ynorm,(int)lssucceed);CHKERRQ(ierr);

    ierr = SNESSetIterationNumber(snes, i+1);CHKERRQ(ierr);
    ierr = SNESSetFunctionNorm(snes, fnorm);CHKERRQ(ierr);

    SNESLogConvHistory(snes,snes->norm,snes->iter);
    ierr = SNESMonitor(snes,snes->iter,snes->norm);CHKERRQ(ierr);
    /* set parameter for default relative tolerance convergence test */
    ierr = (*snes->ops->converged)(snes,snes->iter,xnorm,ynorm,fnorm,&snes->reason,snes->cnvP);CHKERRQ(ierr);
    if (snes->reason) PetscFunctionReturn(0);


    if (snes->pc) {
      if (qn->composition_type == SNES_QN_SEQUENTIAL) {
        ierr = SNESSetInitialFunction(snes->pc, F);CHKERRQ(ierr);
        ierr = SNESSetInitialFunctionNorm(snes->pc, fnorm);CHKERRQ(ierr);
        ierr = SNESSolve(snes->pc, B, X);CHKERRQ(ierr);
        ierr = SNESGetConvergedReason(snes->pc,&reason);CHKERRQ(ierr);
        if (reason < 0 && (reason != SNES_DIVERGED_MAX_IT)) {
          snes->reason = SNES_DIVERGED_INNER;
          PetscFunctionReturn(0);
        }
        ierr = SNESGetFunction(snes->pc, &FPC, PETSC_NULL, PETSC_NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
        ierr = VecCopy(FPC, F);CHKERRQ(ierr);
        ierr = SNESGetFunctionNorm(snes->pc, &fnorm);CHKERRQ(ierr);
        ierr = VecCopy(F, D);CHKERRQ(ierr);
      } else {
        ierr = VecCopy(X, D);CHKERRQ(ierr);
        ierr = SNESSetInitialFunction(snes->pc, F);CHKERRQ(ierr);
        ierr = SNESSetInitialFunctionNorm(snes->pc, fnorm);CHKERRQ(ierr);
        ierr = SNESSolve(snes->pc, B, D);CHKERRQ(ierr);
        ierr = SNESGetConvergedReason(snes->pc,&reason);CHKERRQ(ierr);
        if (reason < 0 && (reason != SNES_DIVERGED_MAX_IT)) {
          snes->reason = SNES_DIVERGED_INNER;
          PetscFunctionReturn(0);
        }
        ierr = VecAYPX(D,-1.0,X);CHKERRQ(ierr);
      }
    } else {
      ierr = VecCopy(F, D);CHKERRQ(ierr);
    }

    powell = PETSC_FALSE;
    if (qn->restart_type == SNES_QN_RESTART_POWELL) {
      /* check restart by Powell's Criterion: |F^T H_0 Fold| > 0.2 * |Fold^T H_0 Fold| */
      ierr = VecDotBegin(Dold, Dold, &DolddotDold);CHKERRQ(ierr);
      ierr = VecDotBegin(Dold, D, &DolddotD);CHKERRQ(ierr);
      ierr = VecDotBegin(D, D, &DdotD);CHKERRQ(ierr);
      ierr = VecDotBegin(Y, D, &YdotD);CHKERRQ(ierr);
      ierr = VecDotEnd(Dold, Dold, &DolddotDold);CHKERRQ(ierr);
      ierr = VecDotEnd(Dold, D, &DolddotD);CHKERRQ(ierr);
      ierr = VecDotEnd(D, D, &DdotD);CHKERRQ(ierr);
      ierr = VecDotEnd(Y, D, &YdotD);CHKERRQ(ierr);
      if (PetscAbs(PetscRealPart(DolddotD)) > qn->powell_gamma*PetscAbs(PetscRealPart(DolddotDold))) powell = PETSC_TRUE;
    }
    periodic = PETSC_FALSE;
    if (qn->restart_type != SNES_QN_RESTART_NONE) {
      if ((i_r > qn->restart_periodic - 1 && qn->restart_periodic > 0)) periodic = PETSC_TRUE;
    }

    /* restart if either powell or periodic restart is satisfied. */
    if (powell || periodic) {
      if (qn->monitor) {
        ierr = PetscViewerASCIIAddTab(qn->monitor,((PetscObject)snes)->tablevel+2);CHKERRQ(ierr);
        ierr = PetscViewerASCIIPrintf(qn->monitor, "restart! |%14.12e| > %4.2f*|%14.12e| or i_r = %d\n", PetscRealPart(DolddotD), qn->powell_gamma, PetscRealPart(DolddotDold), i_r);CHKERRQ(ierr);
        ierr = PetscViewerASCIISubtractTab(qn->monitor,((PetscObject)snes)->tablevel+2);CHKERRQ(ierr);
      }
      i_r = -1;
      /* general purpose update */
      if (snes->ops->update) {
        ierr = (*snes->ops->update)(snes, snes->iter);CHKERRQ(ierr);
      }
      if (qn->scale_type == SNES_QN_SCALE_JACOBIAN) {
        ierr = SNESComputeJacobian(snes,X,&snes->jacobian,&snes->jacobian_pre,&flg);CHKERRQ(ierr);
      }
    } else {
      /* set the differences */
      k = i_r % m;
      l = m;
      if (i_r + 1 < m) l = i_r + 1;
      ierr = VecCopy(D, dF[k]);CHKERRQ(ierr);
      ierr = VecAXPY(dF[k], -1.0, Dold);CHKERRQ(ierr);
      ierr = VecCopy(X, dX[k]);CHKERRQ(ierr);
      ierr = VecAXPY(dX[k], -1.0, Xold);CHKERRQ(ierr);
      if (qn->singlereduction) {
        ierr = VecMDot(dF[k], l, dX, dXtdF);CHKERRQ(ierr);
        ierr = VecMDot(dX[k], l, dF, dFtdX);CHKERRQ(ierr);
        for (j = 0; j < l; j++) {
          H(k, j) = dFtdX[j];
          H(j, k) = dXtdF[j];
        }
        /* copy back over to make the computation of alpha and beta easier */
        for (j = 0; j < l; j++) {
          dXtdF[j] = H(j, j);
        }
      } else {
        ierr = VecDot(dX[k], dF[k], &dXtdF[k]);CHKERRQ(ierr);
      }
      /* set scaling to be shanno scaling */
      if (qn->scale_type == SNES_QN_SCALE_SHANNO) {
        ierr = VecDot(dF[k], dF[k], &a);CHKERRQ(ierr);
        qn->scaling = PetscRealPart(dXtdF[k]) / PetscRealPart(a);
      }
      /* general purpose update */
      if (snes->ops->update) {
        ierr = (*snes->ops->update)(snes, snes->iter);CHKERRQ(ierr);
      }
    }
  }
  if (i == snes->max_its) {
    ierr = PetscInfo1(snes, "Maximum number of iterations has been reached: %D\n", snes->max_its);CHKERRQ(ierr);
    if (!snes->reason) snes->reason = SNES_DIVERGED_MAX_IT;
  }
  PetscFunctionReturn(0);
}


#undef __FUNCT__
#define __FUNCT__ "SNESSetUp_QN"
static PetscErrorCode SNESSetUp_QN(SNES snes)
{
  SNES_QN        *qn = (SNES_QN*)snes->data;
  PetscErrorCode ierr;

  PetscFunctionBegin;
  ierr = VecDuplicateVecs(snes->vec_sol, qn->m, &qn->dX);CHKERRQ(ierr);
  ierr = VecDuplicateVecs(snes->vec_sol, qn->m, &qn->dF);CHKERRQ(ierr);
  ierr = PetscMalloc3(qn->m, PetscScalar, &qn->alpha,
                      qn->m, PetscScalar, &qn->beta,
                      qn->m, PetscScalar, &qn->dXtdF);CHKERRQ(ierr);

  if (qn->singlereduction) {
    ierr = PetscMalloc3(qn->m*qn->m, PetscScalar, &qn->dXdFmat,
                        qn->m, PetscScalar, &qn->dFtdX,
                        qn->m, PetscScalar, &qn->YtdX);CHKERRQ(ierr);
  }
  ierr = SNESDefaultGetWork(snes,4);CHKERRQ(ierr);

  /* set up the line search */
  if (qn->scale_type == SNES_QN_SCALE_JACOBIAN) {
    ierr = SNESSetUpMatrices(snes);CHKERRQ(ierr);
  }
  PetscFunctionReturn(0);
}

#undef __FUNCT__
#define __FUNCT__ "SNESReset_QN"
static PetscErrorCode SNESReset_QN(SNES snes)
{
  PetscErrorCode ierr;
  SNES_QN *qn;
  PetscFunctionBegin;
  if (snes->data) {
    qn = (SNES_QN*)snes->data;
    if (qn->dX) {
      ierr = VecDestroyVecs(qn->m, &qn->dX);CHKERRQ(ierr);
    }
    if (qn->dF) {
      ierr = VecDestroyVecs(qn->m, &qn->dF);CHKERRQ(ierr);
    }
    if (qn->singlereduction) {
      ierr = PetscFree3(qn->dXdFmat, qn->dFtdX, qn->YtdX);CHKERRQ(ierr);
    }
    ierr = PetscFree3(qn->alpha, qn->beta, qn->dXtdF);CHKERRQ(ierr);
  }
  PetscFunctionReturn(0);
}

#undef __FUNCT__
#define __FUNCT__ "SNESDestroy_QN"
static PetscErrorCode SNESDestroy_QN(SNES snes)
{
  PetscErrorCode ierr;
  PetscFunctionBegin;
  ierr = SNESReset_QN(snes);CHKERRQ(ierr);
  ierr = PetscFree(snes->data);CHKERRQ(ierr);
  ierr = PetscObjectComposeFunctionDynamic((PetscObject)snes,"","",PETSC_NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
  PetscFunctionReturn(0);
}

#undef __FUNCT__
#define __FUNCT__ "SNESSetFromOptions_QN"
static PetscErrorCode SNESSetFromOptions_QN(SNES snes)
{

  PetscErrorCode ierr;
  SNES_QN    *qn;
  PetscBool  monflg = PETSC_FALSE;
  SNESLineSearch linesearch;
  PetscFunctionBegin;

  qn = (SNES_QN*)snes->data;

  ierr = PetscOptionsHead("SNES QN options");CHKERRQ(ierr);
  ierr = PetscOptionsInt("-snes_qn_m","Number of past states saved for L-BFGS methods","SNESQN",qn->m,&qn->m,PETSC_NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
  ierr = PetscOptionsInt("-snes_qn_restart","Maximum number of iterations between restarts","SNESQN",qn->restart_periodic,&qn->restart_periodic, PETSC_NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
  ierr = PetscOptionsReal("-snes_qn_powell_gamma","Powell angle tolerance",          "SNESQN", qn->powell_gamma, &qn->powell_gamma, PETSC_NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
  ierr = PetscOptionsReal("-snes_qn_powell_downhill","Powell descent tolerance",        "SNESQN", qn->powell_downhill, &qn->powell_downhill, PETSC_NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
  ierr = PetscOptionsBool("-snes_qn_monitor",         "Monitor for the QN methods",      "SNESQN", monflg, &monflg, PETSC_NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
  ierr = PetscOptionsBool("-snes_qn_single_reduction", "Aggregate reductions",           "SNESQN", qn->singlereduction, &qn->singlereduction, PETSC_NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
  ierr = PetscOptionsEnum("-snes_qn_scale_type","Scaling type","SNESQNSetScaleType",SNESQNScaleTypes,(PetscEnum)qn->scale_type,(PetscEnum*)&qn->scale_type,PETSC_NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
  ierr = PetscOptionsEnum("-snes_qn_composition_type","Composition type","SNESQNSetCompositionType",SNESQNCompositionTypes,
                          (PetscEnum)qn->composition_type,(PetscEnum*)&qn->composition_type,PETSC_NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
  ierr = PetscOptionsEnum("-snes_qn_restart_type","Restart type","SNESQNSetRestartType",SNESQNRestartTypes,
                          (PetscEnum)qn->restart_type,(PetscEnum*)&qn->restart_type,PETSC_NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
  ierr = PetscOptionsTail();CHKERRQ(ierr);
  if (!snes->linesearch) {
    ierr = SNESGetSNESLineSearch(snes, &linesearch);CHKERRQ(ierr);
    if (!snes->pc || qn->composition_type == SNES_QN_SEQUENTIAL) {
      ierr = SNESLineSearchSetType(linesearch, SNESLINESEARCHCP);CHKERRQ(ierr);
    } else {
      ierr = SNESLineSearchSetType(linesearch, SNESLINESEARCHL2);CHKERRQ(ierr);
    }
  }
  if (monflg) {
    qn->monitor = PETSC_VIEWER_STDOUT_(((PetscObject)snes)->comm);CHKERRQ(ierr);
  }
  PetscFunctionReturn(0);
}


#undef __FUNCT__
#define __FUNCT__ "SNESQNSetRestartType"
/*@
    SNESQNSetRestartType - Sets the restart type for SNESQN.

    Logically Collective on SNES

    Input Parameters:
+   snes - the iterative context
-   rtype - restart type

    Options Database:
+   -snes_qn_restart_type<powell,periodic,none> - set the restart type
-   -snes_qn_restart[30] - sets the number of iterations before restart for periodic

    Level: intermediate

    SNESQNRestartTypes:
+   SNES_QN_RESTART_NONE - never restart
.   SNES_QN_RESTART_POWELL - restart based upon descent criteria
-   SNES_QN_RESTART_PERIODIC - restart after a fixed number of iterations

    Notes:
    The default line search used is the L2 line search and it requires two additional function evaluations.

.keywords: SNES, SNESQN, restart, type, set SNESLineSearch
@*/
PetscErrorCode SNESQNSetRestartType(SNES snes, SNESQNRestartType rtype) {
  PetscErrorCode ierr;
  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(snes,SNES_CLASSID,1);
  ierr = PetscTryMethod(snes,"SNESQNSetRestartType_C",(SNES,SNESQNRestartType),(snes,rtype));CHKERRQ(ierr);
  PetscFunctionReturn(0);
}

#undef __FUNCT__
#define __FUNCT__ "SNESQNSetScaleType"
/*@
    SNESQNSetScaleType - Sets the scaling type for the inner inverse jacobian in SNESQN.

    Logically Collective on SNES

    Input Parameters:
+   snes - the iterative context
-   stype - scale type

    Options Database:
.   -snes_qn_scale_type<shanno,none,linesearch,jacobian>

    Level: intermediate

    SNESQNSelectTypes:
+   SNES_QN_SCALE_NONE - don't scale the problem
.   SNES_QN_SCALE_SHANNO - use shanno scaling
.   SNES_QN_SCALE_LINESEARCH - scale based upon line search lambda
-   SNES_QN_SCALE_JACOBIAN - scale by inverting a previously computed Jacobian.

.keywords: SNES, SNESQN, scaling, type, set SNESLineSearch
@*/

PetscErrorCode SNESQNSetScaleType(SNES snes, SNESQNScaleType stype) {
  PetscErrorCode ierr;
  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(snes,SNES_CLASSID,1);
  ierr = PetscTryMethod(snes,"SNESQNSetScaleType_C",(SNES,SNESQNScaleType),(snes,stype));CHKERRQ(ierr);
  PetscFunctionReturn(0);
}

#undef __FUNCT__
#define __FUNCT__ "SNESQNSetCompositionType"
/*@
    SNESQNSetCompositionType - Sets the composition type

    Logically Collective on SNES

    Input Parameters:
+   snes - the iterative context
-   stype - composition type

    Options Database:
.   -snes_qn_composition_type<sequential, composed>

    Level: intermediate

    SNESQNSelectTypes:
+   SNES_QN_COMPOSITION_SEQUENTIAL - Solve the system with X = PC(X) and D = F(PC(X))
-   SNES_QN_COMPOSITION_COMPOSED - solve the system with X = X and D = PC(X) - X

.keywords: SNES, SNESQN, scaling, type, set SNESLineSearch
@*/

PetscErrorCode SNESQNSetCompositionType(SNES snes, SNESQNCompositionType ctype) {
  PetscErrorCode ierr;
  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(snes,SNES_CLASSID,1);
  ierr = PetscTryMethod(snes,"SNESQNSetCompositionType_C",(SNES,SNESQNCompositionType),(snes,ctype));CHKERRQ(ierr);
  PetscFunctionReturn(0);
}

EXTERN_C_BEGIN
#undef __FUNCT__
#define __FUNCT__ "SNESQNSetScaleType_QN"
PetscErrorCode SNESQNSetScaleType_QN(SNES snes, SNESQNScaleType stype) {
  SNES_QN *qn = (SNES_QN *)snes->data;
  PetscFunctionBegin;
  qn->scale_type = stype;
  PetscFunctionReturn(0);
}

#undef __FUNCT__
#define __FUNCT__ "SNESQNSetRestartType_QN"
PetscErrorCode SNESQNSetRestartType_QN(SNES snes, SNESQNRestartType rtype) {
  SNES_QN *qn = (SNES_QN *)snes->data;
  PetscFunctionBegin;
  qn->restart_type = rtype;
  PetscFunctionReturn(0);
}

#undef __FUNCT__
#define __FUNCT__ "SNESQNSetCompositionType_QN"

PetscErrorCode SNESQNSetCompositionType_QN(SNES snes, SNESQNCompositionType ctype) {
  SNES_QN *qn = (SNES_QN *)snes->data;
  PetscFunctionBegin;
  qn->composition_type = ctype;
  PetscFunctionReturn(0);
}
EXTERN_C_END

/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
/*MC
      SNESQN - Limited-Memory Quasi-Newton methods for the solution of nonlinear systems.

      Options Database:

+     -snes_qn_m - Number of past states saved for the L-Broyden methods.
.     -snes_qn_powell_angle - Angle condition for restart.
.     -snes_qn_powell_descent - Descent condition for restart.
.     -snes_qn_composition <sequential, composed>- Type of composition.
.     -snes_linesearch_type <cp, l2, basic> - Type of line search.
-     -snes_qn_monitor - Monitors the quasi-newton jacobian.

      Notes: This implements the L-BFGS algorithm for the solution of F(x) = b using previous change in F(x) and x to
      form the approximate inverse Jacobian using a series of multiplicative rank-one updates.  This will eventually be
      generalized to implement several limited-memory Broyden methods.

      When using a nonlinear preconditioner, one has two options as to how the preconditioner is applied.  The first of
      these options, sequential, uses the preconditioner to generate a new solution and function and uses those at this
      iteration as the current iteration's values when constructing the approximate jacobian.  The second, composed,
      perturbs the problem the jacobian represents to be P(x, b) - x = 0, where P(x, b) is the preconditioner.

      References:

      L-Broyden Methods: a generalization of the L-BFGS method to the limited memory Broyden family, M. B. Reed,
      International Journal of Computer Mathematics, vol. 86, 2009.


      Level: beginner

.seealso:  SNESCreate(), SNES, SNESSetType(), SNESLS, SNESTR

M*/
EXTERN_C_BEGIN
#undef __FUNCT__
#define __FUNCT__ "SNESCreate_QN"
PetscErrorCode  SNESCreate_QN(SNES snes)
{

  PetscErrorCode ierr;
  SNES_QN *qn;

  PetscFunctionBegin;
  snes->ops->setup           = SNESSetUp_QN;
  snes->ops->solve           = SNESSolve_QN;
  snes->ops->destroy         = SNESDestroy_QN;
  snes->ops->setfromoptions  = SNESSetFromOptions_QN;
  snes->ops->view            = 0;
  snes->ops->reset           = SNESReset_QN;

  snes->usespc          = PETSC_TRUE;
  snes->usesksp         = PETSC_FALSE;

  if (!snes->tolerancesset) {
    snes->max_funcs = 30000;
    snes->max_its   = 10000;
  }

  ierr = PetscNewLog(snes,SNES_QN,&qn);CHKERRQ(ierr);
  snes->data = (void *) qn;
  qn->m               = 10;
  qn->scaling         = 1.0;
  qn->dX              = PETSC_NULL;
  qn->dF              = PETSC_NULL;
  qn->dXtdF           = PETSC_NULL;
  qn->dFtdX           = PETSC_NULL;
  qn->dXdFmat         = PETSC_NULL;
  qn->monitor         = PETSC_NULL;
  qn->singlereduction = PETSC_FALSE;
  qn->powell_gamma    = 0.9;
  qn->powell_downhill = 0.2;
  qn->composition_type= SNES_QN_SEQUENTIAL;
  qn->scale_type      = SNES_QN_SCALE_SHANNO;
  qn->restart_type    = SNES_QN_RESTART_POWELL;
  qn->restart_periodic= -1;

  PetscFunctionReturn(0);
}

EXTERN_C_END