514 CEED_QFUNCTION_HELPER void VelocityGradient(const State grad_s[3], CeedScalar grad_velocity[3][3]) {  in VelocityGradient()
515   grad_velocity[0][0] = grad_s[0].Y.velocity[0];  in VelocityGradient()
516   grad_velocity[0][1] = grad_s[1].Y.velocity[0];  in VelocityGradient()
517   grad_velocity[0][2] = grad_s[2].Y.velocity[0];  in VelocityGradient()
518   grad_velocity[1][0] = grad_s[0].Y.velocity[1];  in VelocityGradient()
519   grad_velocity[1][1] = grad_s[1].Y.velocity[1];  in VelocityGradient()
520   grad_velocity[1][2] = grad_s[2].Y.velocity[1];  in VelocityGradient()
521   grad_velocity[2][0] = grad_s[0].Y.velocity[2];  in VelocityGradient()
522   grad_velocity[2][1] = grad_s[1].Y.velocity[2];  in VelocityGradient()
523   grad_velocity[2][2] = grad_s[2].Y.velocity[2];  in VelocityGradient()
537 CEED_QFUNCTION_HELPER void KMStrainRate_State(const State grad_s[3], CeedScalar strain_rate[6]) {  in KMStrainRate_State()
539   VelocityGradient(grad_s, grad_velocity);  in KMStrainRate_State()
563 …usEnergyFlux(NewtonianIdealGasContext gas, StatePrimitive Y, const State grad_s[3], const CeedScal…  in ViscousEnergyFlux()
566 …] - Y.velocity[1] * stress[1][i] - Y.velocity[2] * stress[2][i] - gas->k * grad_s[i].Y.temperature;  in ViscousEnergyFlux()
578 CEED_QFUNCTION_HELPER void Vorticity(const State grad_s[3], CeedScalar vorticity[3]) {  in Vorticity()
580   VelocityGradient(grad_s, grad_velocity);  in Vorticity()
585 …                          const CeedScalar *grad_q, const CeedScalar dXdx[3][3], State grad_s[3]) {  in StatePhysicalGradientFromReference()
592     grad_s[k] = StateFromQ_fwd(gas, s, dqi, state_var);  in StatePhysicalGradientFromReference()
598                                                                        State grad_s[3]) {  in StatePhysicalGradientFromReference_Boundary()
604     grad_s[k] = StateFromQ_fwd(gas, s, dqi, state_var);  in StatePhysicalGradientFromReference_Boundary()