xref: /honee/problems/sgs_dd_model.c (revision 4c07ec2294887c4a114ef13a7c2da0ab5f5dc208)
1 // Copyright (c) 2017-2024, Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC and other CEED contributors.
2 // All Rights Reserved. See the top-level LICENSE and NOTICE files for details.
3 //
4 // SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
5 //
6 // This file is part of CEED:  http://github.com/ceed
7 
8 #include "../qfunctions/sgs_dd_model.h"
9 
10 #include <petscdmplex.h>
11 
12 #include <sgs_model_torch.h>
13 #include "../navierstokes.h"
14 
15 typedef struct {
16   CeedElemRestriction      elem_restr_grid_aniso, elem_restr_sgs;
17   CeedVector               grid_aniso_ceed;
18   CeedQFunctionContext     sgsdd_qfctx, ifunction_qfctx;
19   SGSModelDDImplementation sgs_dd_model_implementation;
20 } *SgsDDSetupData;
21 
22 PetscErrorCode SgsDDSetupDataDestroy(SgsDDSetupData sgs_dd_setup_data) {
23   Ceed ceed;
24 
25   PetscFunctionBeginUser;
26   PetscCall(CeedElemRestrictionGetCeed(sgs_dd_setup_data->elem_restr_sgs, &ceed));
27 
28   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&sgs_dd_setup_data->elem_restr_grid_aniso));
29   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&sgs_dd_setup_data->elem_restr_sgs));
30   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedVectorDestroy(&sgs_dd_setup_data->grid_aniso_ceed));
31   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionContextDestroy(&sgs_dd_setup_data->sgsdd_qfctx));
32   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionContextDestroy(&sgs_dd_setup_data->ifunction_qfctx));
33   PetscCall(PetscFree(sgs_dd_setup_data));
34   PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
35 }
36 
37 // @brief Create DM for storing subgrid stress at nodes
38 static PetscErrorCode SgsDDCreateDM(DM dm_source, DM *dm_sgs, PetscInt degree, PetscInt q_extra, PetscInt *num_components) {
39   PetscSection section;
40 
41   PetscFunctionBeginUser;
42   *num_components = 6;
43 
44   PetscCall(DMClone(dm_source, dm_sgs));
45   PetscCall(PetscObjectSetName((PetscObject)*dm_sgs, "Subgrid Stress Projection"));
46 
47   PetscCall(DMSetupByOrder_FEM(PETSC_TRUE, PETSC_TRUE, degree, 1, q_extra, 1, num_components, *dm_sgs));
48 
49   PetscCall(DMGetLocalSection(*dm_sgs, &section));
50   PetscCall(PetscSectionSetFieldName(section, 0, ""));
51   PetscCall(PetscSectionSetComponentName(section, 0, 0, "KMSubgridStressXX"));
52   PetscCall(PetscSectionSetComponentName(section, 0, 1, "KMSubgridStressYY"));
53   PetscCall(PetscSectionSetComponentName(section, 0, 2, "KMSubgridStressZZ"));
54   PetscCall(PetscSectionSetComponentName(section, 0, 3, "KMSubgridStressYZ"));
55   PetscCall(PetscSectionSetComponentName(section, 0, 4, "KMSubgridStressXZ"));
56   PetscCall(PetscSectionSetComponentName(section, 0, 5, "KMSubgridStressXY"));
57   PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
58 };
59 
60 // @brief Evaluate data-driven SGS using fused method
61 static PetscErrorCode SgsDDNodalStressEval_Fused(User user, Vec Q_loc, Vec VelocityGradient, Vec SGSNodal_loc) {
62   SgsDDData    sgs_dd_data = user->sgs_dd_data;
63   PetscMemType q_mem_type;
64 
65   PetscFunctionBeginUser;
66   PetscCall(VecPetscToCeed(Q_loc, &q_mem_type, user->q_ceed));  // q_ceed is an implicit input
67 
68   PetscCall(ApplyCeedOperatorGlobalToLocal(VelocityGradient, SGSNodal_loc, sgs_dd_data->op_nodal_evaluation_ctx));
69 
70   PetscCall(VecCeedToPetsc(user->q_ceed, q_mem_type, Q_loc));
71   PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
72 }
73 
74 // @brief Create CeedOperator to calculate data-drive SGS at nodes using fused operator
75 static PetscErrorCode SgsDDSetupNodalEvaluation_Fused(Ceed ceed, User user, CeedData ceed_data, SgsDDSetupData sgs_dd_setup_data) {
76   SgsDDData           sgs_dd_data = user->sgs_dd_data;
77   CeedQFunction       qf_sgs_dd_nodal;
78   CeedOperator        op_sgs_dd_nodal;
79   CeedInt             num_comp_q, num_comp_grad_velo, num_comp_x, num_comp_grid_aniso;
80   PetscInt            dim;
81   CeedVector          inv_multiplicity;
82   CeedElemRestriction elem_restr_inv_multiplicity, elem_restr_grad_velo, elem_restr_sgs;
83   DMLabel             domain_label = NULL;
84   PetscInt            label_value = 0, height = 0, dm_field = 0;
85 
86   PetscFunctionBeginUser;
87   PetscCall(DMGetDimension(user->dm, &dim));
88   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedElemRestrictionGetNumComponents(ceed_data->elem_restr_x, &num_comp_x));
89   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedElemRestrictionGetNumComponents(ceed_data->elem_restr_q, &num_comp_q));
90   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedElemRestrictionGetNumComponents(sgs_dd_setup_data->elem_restr_grid_aniso, &num_comp_grid_aniso));
91 
92   {  // Get velocity gradient information
93     CeedOperatorField op_field;
94     PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedOperatorGetFieldByName(user->grad_velo_proj->l2_rhs_ctx->op, "velocity gradient", &op_field));
95     PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(op_field, &elem_restr_grad_velo));
96     PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedElemRestrictionGetNumComponents(elem_restr_grad_velo, &num_comp_grad_velo));
97   }
98   PetscCall(DMPlexCeedElemRestrictionCreate(ceed, sgs_dd_data->dm_sgs, domain_label, label_value, height, dm_field, &elem_restr_sgs));
99   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedElemRestrictionCreateVector(elem_restr_sgs, &sgs_dd_data->sgs_nodal_ceed, NULL));
100 
101   PetscCall(GetInverseMultiplicity(ceed, sgs_dd_data->dm_sgs, domain_label, label_value, height, dm_field, PETSC_FALSE, &elem_restr_inv_multiplicity,
102                                    &inv_multiplicity));
103 
104   // -- Create operator for SGS DD model nodal evaluation
105   switch (user->phys->state_var) {
106     case STATEVAR_PRIMITIVE:
107       PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionCreateInterior(ceed, 1, ComputeSgsDDNodal_Prim, ComputeSgsDDNodal_Prim_loc, &qf_sgs_dd_nodal));
108       break;
109     case STATEVAR_CONSERVATIVE:
110       PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionCreateInterior(ceed, 1, ComputeSgsDDNodal_Conserv, ComputeSgsDDNodal_Conserv_loc, &qf_sgs_dd_nodal));
111       break;
112     default:
113       SETERRQ(PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)user->dm), PETSC_ERR_SUP, "Data-driven SGS nodal evaluation not available for chosen state variable");
114   }
115 
116   // Mesh/geometry order and solution basis order may differ, therefore must interpolate
117   CeedBasis basis_x_to_q;
118   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedBasisCreateProjection(ceed_data->basis_x, ceed_data->basis_q, &basis_x_to_q));
119 
120   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionSetContext(qf_sgs_dd_nodal, sgs_dd_setup_data->sgsdd_qfctx));
121   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionAddInput(qf_sgs_dd_nodal, "q", num_comp_q, CEED_EVAL_NONE));
122   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionAddInput(qf_sgs_dd_nodal, "x", num_comp_x, CEED_EVAL_INTERP));
123   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionAddInput(qf_sgs_dd_nodal, "gradient velocity", num_comp_grad_velo, CEED_EVAL_NONE));
124   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionAddInput(qf_sgs_dd_nodal, "anisotropy tensor", num_comp_grid_aniso, CEED_EVAL_NONE));
125   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionAddInput(qf_sgs_dd_nodal, "inverse multiplicity", 1, CEED_EVAL_NONE));
126   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionAddOutput(qf_sgs_dd_nodal, "km_sgs", sgs_dd_data->num_comp_sgs, CEED_EVAL_NONE));
127 
128   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedOperatorCreate(ceed, qf_sgs_dd_nodal, NULL, NULL, &op_sgs_dd_nodal));
129   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedOperatorSetField(op_sgs_dd_nodal, "q", ceed_data->elem_restr_q, CEED_BASIS_NONE, user->q_ceed));
130   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedOperatorSetField(op_sgs_dd_nodal, "x", ceed_data->elem_restr_x, basis_x_to_q, ceed_data->x_coord));
131   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedOperatorSetField(op_sgs_dd_nodal, "gradient velocity", elem_restr_grad_velo, CEED_BASIS_NONE, CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE));
132   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedOperatorSetField(op_sgs_dd_nodal, "anisotropy tensor", sgs_dd_setup_data->elem_restr_grid_aniso, CEED_BASIS_NONE,
133                                            sgs_dd_setup_data->grid_aniso_ceed));
134   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedOperatorSetField(op_sgs_dd_nodal, "inverse multiplicity", elem_restr_inv_multiplicity, CEED_BASIS_NONE, inv_multiplicity));
135   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedOperatorSetField(op_sgs_dd_nodal, "km_sgs", elem_restr_sgs, CEED_BASIS_NONE, CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE));
136 
137   PetscCall(OperatorApplyContextCreate(user->grad_velo_proj->dm, sgs_dd_data->dm_sgs, ceed, op_sgs_dd_nodal, NULL, sgs_dd_data->sgs_nodal_ceed, NULL,
138                                        NULL, &sgs_dd_data->op_nodal_evaluation_ctx));
139 
140   sgs_dd_setup_data->elem_restr_sgs = elem_restr_sgs;
141   sgs_dd_data->sgs_nodal_eval       = SgsDDNodalStressEval_Fused;
142 
143   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedVectorDestroy(&inv_multiplicity));
144   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedBasisDestroy(&basis_x_to_q));
145   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&elem_restr_inv_multiplicity));
146   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionDestroy(&qf_sgs_dd_nodal));
147   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedOperatorDestroy(&op_sgs_dd_nodal));
148   PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
149 }
150 
151 // @brief Setup data-driven model inference using libCEED native implementation
152 static PetscErrorCode SgsDDSetupNodalEvaluation_Sequential_Ceed(Ceed ceed, SgsDDData sgs_dd_data, SgsDDSetupData sgs_dd_setup_data,
153                                                                 CeedElemRestriction elem_restr_dd_inputs, CeedElemRestriction elem_restr_dd_outputs,
154                                                                 CeedElemRestriction elem_restr_inv_multiplicity, CeedVector inv_multiplicity,
155                                                                 void **ctx) {
156   CeedQFunction         qf_sgs_dd_inference;
157   CeedOperator          op_sgs_dd_inference;
158   OperatorApplyContext *op_context = (OperatorApplyContext *)ctx;
159 
160   PetscFunctionBeginUser;
161   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionCreateInterior(ceed, 1, ComputeSgsDDNodal_Sequential_Inference, ComputeSgsDDNodal_Sequential_Inference_loc,
162                                                   &qf_sgs_dd_inference));
163 
164   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionSetContext(qf_sgs_dd_inference, sgs_dd_setup_data->sgsdd_qfctx));
165   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionAddInput(qf_sgs_dd_inference, "model inputs", sgs_dd_data->num_comp_inputs, CEED_EVAL_NONE));
166   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionAddInput(qf_sgs_dd_inference, "inverse multiplicity", 1, CEED_EVAL_NONE));
167   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionAddOutput(qf_sgs_dd_inference, "model outputs", sgs_dd_data->num_comp_outputs, CEED_EVAL_NONE));
168 
169   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedOperatorCreate(ceed, qf_sgs_dd_inference, NULL, NULL, &op_sgs_dd_inference));
170   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedOperatorSetField(op_sgs_dd_inference, "model inputs", elem_restr_dd_inputs, CEED_BASIS_NONE, CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE));
171   PetscCallCeed(ceed,
172                 CeedOperatorSetField(op_sgs_dd_inference, "inverse multiplicity", elem_restr_inv_multiplicity, CEED_BASIS_NONE, inv_multiplicity));
173   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedOperatorSetField(op_sgs_dd_inference, "model outputs", elem_restr_dd_outputs, CEED_BASIS_NONE, CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE));
174 
175   PetscCall(OperatorApplyContextCreate(sgs_dd_data->dm_dd_inputs, sgs_dd_data->dm_dd_outputs, ceed, op_sgs_dd_inference, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL,
176                                        op_context));
177   sgs_dd_data->sgs_nodal_inference_ctx_destroy = (PetscErrorCode(*)(void *))OperatorApplyContextDestroy;
178 
179   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedOperatorDestroy(&op_sgs_dd_inference));
180   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionDestroy(&qf_sgs_dd_inference));
181   PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
182 }
183 
184 // @brief Perform data-driven model inference using libCEED native implementation
185 PetscErrorCode SgsDDNodalStressEval_Sequential_Ceed(Vec DD_Inputs_loc, Vec DD_Outputs_loc, void *ctx) {
186   OperatorApplyContext op_context = *(OperatorApplyContext *)ctx;
187 
188   PetscFunctionBeginUser;
189   PetscCall(ApplyCeedOperatorLocalToLocal(DD_Inputs_loc, DD_Outputs_loc, op_context));
190   PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
191 }
192 
193 // @brief Setup data-driven model inference using libtorch
194 static PetscErrorCode SgsDDSetupNodalEvaluation_Sequential_Torch(Ceed ceed, SgsDDData sgs_dd_data, SgsDDSetupData sgs_dd_setup_data,
195                                                                  CeedElemRestriction elem_restr_dd_inputs, CeedElemRestriction elem_restr_dd_outputs,
196                                                                  CeedElemRestriction elem_restr_inv_multiplicity, CeedVector inv_multiplicity,
197                                                                  void **ctx) {
198   const char     *ceed_resource;
199   char            model_path[PETSC_MAX_PATH_LEN] = "";
200   TorchDeviceType model_device_type;
201 
202   PetscFunctionBeginUser;
203   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedGetResource(ceed, &ceed_resource));
204   if (strstr(ceed_resource, "/gpu/cuda")) model_device_type = TORCH_DEVICE_CUDA;
205   else if (strstr(ceed_resource, "/gpu/hip")) model_device_type = TORCH_DEVICE_HIP;
206   else if (strstr(ceed_resource, "/gpu/sycl")) model_device_type = TORCH_DEVICE_XPU;
207   else model_device_type = TORCH_DEVICE_CPU;
208   PetscCall(PetscOptionsGetEnum(NULL, NULL, "-sgs_model_dd_torch_model_device", TorchDeviceTypes, (PetscEnum *)&model_device_type, NULL));
209   PetscCall(PetscOptionsGetString(NULL, NULL, "-sgs_model_dd_torch_model_path", model_path, sizeof(model_path), NULL));
210 
211   PetscCall(LoadModel_Torch(model_path, model_device_type));
212 
213   PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
214 }
215 
216 // @brief Perform data-driven model inference using libtorch
217 static PetscErrorCode SgsDDNodalStressEval_Sequential_Torch(Vec DD_Inputs_loc, Vec DD_Outputs_loc, void *ctx) {
218   static PetscBool run_through = PETSC_FALSE;
219   PetscFunctionBeginUser;
220   if (!run_through) {
221     PetscCall(VecViewFromOptions(DD_Inputs_loc, NULL, "-dd_inputs_loc_view"));
222   }
223   PetscCall(ModelInference_Torch(DD_Inputs_loc, DD_Outputs_loc));
224   if (!run_through) {
225     PetscCall(VecViewFromOptions(DD_Outputs_loc, NULL, "-dd_outputs_loc_view"));
226     run_through = PETSC_TRUE;
227   }
228   PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
229 }
230 
231 // @brief Evaluate data-driven SGS using sequential method
232 PetscErrorCode SgsDDNodalStressEval_Sequential(User user, Vec Q_loc, Vec VelocityGradient, Vec SGSNodal_loc) {
233   SgsDDData    sgs_dd_data = user->sgs_dd_data;
234   PetscMemType q_mem_type;
235   Vec          DD_Inputs_loc, DD_Outputs_loc;
236 
237   PetscFunctionBeginUser;
238   PetscCall(DMGetLocalVector(sgs_dd_data->dm_dd_inputs, &DD_Inputs_loc));
239   PetscCall(DMGetLocalVector(sgs_dd_data->dm_dd_outputs, &DD_Outputs_loc));
240   PetscCall(VecPetscToCeed(Q_loc, &q_mem_type, user->q_ceed));  // q_ceed is an implicit input
241 
242   PetscCall(ApplyCeedOperatorGlobalToLocal(VelocityGradient, DD_Inputs_loc, sgs_dd_data->op_nodal_dd_inputs_ctx));
243   PetscCall(sgs_dd_data->sgs_nodal_inference(DD_Inputs_loc, DD_Outputs_loc, &sgs_dd_data->sgs_nodal_inference_ctx));
244   PetscCall(ApplyCeedOperatorLocalToLocal(DD_Outputs_loc, SGSNodal_loc, sgs_dd_data->op_nodal_dd_outputs_ctx));
245 
246   PetscCall(VecCeedToPetsc(user->q_ceed, q_mem_type, Q_loc));
247   PetscCall(DMRestoreLocalVector(sgs_dd_data->dm_dd_inputs, &DD_Inputs_loc));
248   PetscCall(DMRestoreLocalVector(sgs_dd_data->dm_dd_outputs, &DD_Outputs_loc));
249   PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
250 }
251 
252 // @brief Create CeedOperator to calculate data-drive SGS at nodes using sequentially-applied operators
253 static PetscErrorCode SgsDDSetupNodalEvaluation_Sequential(Ceed ceed, User user, CeedData ceed_data, SgsDDSetupData sgs_dd_setup_data) {
254   SgsDDData           sgs_dd_data = user->sgs_dd_data;
255   CeedInt             num_comp_q, num_comp_grad_velo, num_comp_x, num_comp_grid_aniso, num_comp_eigvec = 9 + 1;
256   PetscInt            dim;
257   CeedVector          inv_multiplicity, eigvec;
258   CeedElemRestriction elem_restr_inv_multiplicity, elem_restr_grad_velo, elem_restr_sgs, elem_restr_eigvec, elem_restr_dd_inputs,
259       elem_restr_dd_outputs;
260   DMLabel  domain_label = NULL;
261   PetscInt label_value = 0, height = 0, dm_field = 0;
262 
263   PetscFunctionBeginUser;
264   {  // Create DMs for data-driven input and output values
265     PetscSection section;
266     PetscInt     degree, q_extra;
267     {  // Get degree and number of quadrature points from dm_sgs
268       PetscFE         fe;
269       PetscSpace      basis;
270       PetscQuadrature quadrature;
271       PetscInt        num_qpnts;
272       PetscCall(DMGetField(sgs_dd_data->dm_sgs, 0, NULL, (PetscObject *)&fe));
273       PetscCall(PetscFEGetBasisSpace(fe, &basis));
274       PetscCall(PetscSpaceGetDegree(basis, &degree, NULL));
275       PetscCall(PetscFEGetQuadrature(fe, &quadrature));
276       PetscCall(PetscQuadratureGetOrder(quadrature, &num_qpnts));
277       q_extra = degree - num_qpnts;
278     }
279 
280     PetscCall(DMClone(sgs_dd_data->dm_sgs, &sgs_dd_data->dm_dd_inputs));
281     PetscCall(PetscObjectSetName((PetscObject)sgs_dd_data->dm_dd_inputs, "Data-Driven Model Inputs"));
282     PetscCall(DMSetupByOrder_FEM(PETSC_TRUE, PETSC_TRUE, degree, 1, q_extra, 1, &sgs_dd_data->num_comp_inputs, sgs_dd_data->dm_dd_inputs));
283     PetscCall(DMGetLocalSection(sgs_dd_data->dm_dd_inputs, &section));
284     PetscCall(PetscSectionSetFieldName(section, 0, ""));
285     for (CeedInt i = 0; i < sgs_dd_data->num_comp_inputs; i++) {
286       char component_name[PETSC_MAX_PATH_LEN];
287 
288       PetscCall(PetscSNPrintf(component_name, sizeof component_name, "DataDrivenInput%" CeedInt_FMT, i + 1));
289       PetscCall(PetscSectionSetComponentName(section, 0, i, component_name));
290     }
291 
292     PetscCall(DMClone(sgs_dd_data->dm_sgs, &sgs_dd_data->dm_dd_outputs));
293     PetscCall(PetscObjectSetName((PetscObject)sgs_dd_data->dm_dd_outputs, "Data-Driven Model Outputs"));
294     PetscCall(DMSetupByOrder_FEM(PETSC_TRUE, PETSC_TRUE, degree, 1, q_extra, 1, &sgs_dd_data->num_comp_outputs, sgs_dd_data->dm_dd_outputs));
295     PetscCall(DMGetLocalSection(sgs_dd_data->dm_dd_outputs, &section));
296     PetscCall(PetscSectionSetFieldName(section, 0, ""));
297     for (CeedInt i = 0; i < sgs_dd_data->num_comp_outputs; i++) {
298       char component_name[PETSC_MAX_PATH_LEN];
299 
300       PetscCall(PetscSNPrintf(component_name, sizeof component_name, "DataDrivenOutput%" CeedInt_FMT, i + 1));
301       PetscCall(PetscSectionSetComponentName(section, 0, i, component_name));
302     }
303   }
304 
305   PetscCall(DMGetDimension(user->dm, &dim));
306   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedElemRestrictionGetNumComponents(ceed_data->elem_restr_x, &num_comp_x));
307   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedElemRestrictionGetNumComponents(ceed_data->elem_restr_q, &num_comp_q));
308   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedElemRestrictionGetNumComponents(sgs_dd_setup_data->elem_restr_grid_aniso, &num_comp_grid_aniso));
309 
310   {  // Get velocity gradient information
311     CeedOperatorField op_field;
312     PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedOperatorGetFieldByName(user->grad_velo_proj->l2_rhs_ctx->op, "velocity gradient", &op_field));
313     PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(op_field, &elem_restr_grad_velo));
314     PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedElemRestrictionGetNumComponents(elem_restr_grad_velo, &num_comp_grad_velo));
315     PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedElemRestrictionCreateVector(elem_restr_grad_velo, &sgs_dd_data->grad_velo_ceed, NULL));
316   }
317 
318   PetscCall(DMPlexCeedElemRestrictionCreate(ceed, sgs_dd_data->dm_sgs, domain_label, label_value, height, dm_field, &elem_restr_sgs));
319   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedElemRestrictionCreateVector(elem_restr_sgs, &sgs_dd_data->sgs_nodal_ceed, NULL));
320   PetscCall(
321       DMPlexCeedElemRestrictionCollocatedCreate(ceed, sgs_dd_data->dm_sgs, domain_label, label_value, height, num_comp_eigvec, &elem_restr_eigvec));
322   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedElemRestrictionCreateVector(elem_restr_eigvec, &eigvec, NULL));
323 
324   PetscCall(DMPlexCeedElemRestrictionCreate(ceed, sgs_dd_data->dm_dd_inputs, domain_label, label_value, height, dm_field, &elem_restr_dd_inputs));
325   PetscCall(DMPlexCeedElemRestrictionCreate(ceed, sgs_dd_data->dm_dd_outputs, domain_label, label_value, height, dm_field, &elem_restr_dd_outputs));
326 
327   PetscCall(GetInverseMultiplicity(ceed, sgs_dd_data->dm_sgs, domain_label, label_value, height, dm_field, PETSC_FALSE, &elem_restr_inv_multiplicity,
328                                    &inv_multiplicity));
329 
330   {  // Create operator for data-driven input evaluation
331     CeedQFunction qf_sgs_dd_inputs;
332     CeedOperator  op_sgs_dd_inputs;
333 
334     switch (user->phys->state_var) {
335       case STATEVAR_PRIMITIVE:
336         PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionCreateInterior(ceed, 1, ComputeSgsDDNodal_Sequential_Inputs_Prim,
337                                                         ComputeSgsDDNodal_Sequential_Inputs_Prim_loc, &qf_sgs_dd_inputs));
338         break;
339       case STATEVAR_CONSERVATIVE:
340         PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionCreateInterior(ceed, 1, ComputeSgsDDNodal_Sequential_Inputs_Conserv,
341                                                         ComputeSgsDDNodal_Sequential_Inputs_Conserv_loc, &qf_sgs_dd_inputs));
342         break;
343       default:
344         SETERRQ(PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)user->dm), PETSC_ERR_SUP,
345                 "Data-driven SGS nodal input evaluation not available for chosen state variable");
346     }
347 
348     PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionSetContext(qf_sgs_dd_inputs, sgs_dd_setup_data->sgsdd_qfctx));
349     PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionAddInput(qf_sgs_dd_inputs, "q", num_comp_q, CEED_EVAL_NONE));
350     PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionAddInput(qf_sgs_dd_inputs, "gradient velocity", num_comp_grad_velo, CEED_EVAL_NONE));
351     PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionAddInput(qf_sgs_dd_inputs, "anisotropy tensor", num_comp_grid_aniso, CEED_EVAL_NONE));
352     PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionAddInput(qf_sgs_dd_inputs, "inverse multiplicity", 1, CEED_EVAL_NONE));
353     PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionAddOutput(qf_sgs_dd_inputs, "eigenvectors", num_comp_eigvec, CEED_EVAL_NONE));
354     PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionAddOutput(qf_sgs_dd_inputs, "model inputs", sgs_dd_data->num_comp_inputs, CEED_EVAL_NONE));
355 
356     PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedOperatorCreate(ceed, qf_sgs_dd_inputs, NULL, NULL, &op_sgs_dd_inputs));
357     PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedOperatorSetField(op_sgs_dd_inputs, "q", ceed_data->elem_restr_q, CEED_BASIS_NONE, user->q_ceed));
358     PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedOperatorSetField(op_sgs_dd_inputs, "gradient velocity", elem_restr_grad_velo, CEED_BASIS_NONE, CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE));
359     PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedOperatorSetField(op_sgs_dd_inputs, "anisotropy tensor", sgs_dd_setup_data->elem_restr_grid_aniso, CEED_BASIS_NONE,
360                                              sgs_dd_setup_data->grid_aniso_ceed));
361     PetscCallCeed(ceed,
362                   CeedOperatorSetField(op_sgs_dd_inputs, "inverse multiplicity", elem_restr_inv_multiplicity, CEED_BASIS_NONE, inv_multiplicity));
363     PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedOperatorSetField(op_sgs_dd_inputs, "eigenvectors", elem_restr_eigvec, CEED_BASIS_NONE, eigvec));
364     PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedOperatorSetField(op_sgs_dd_inputs, "model inputs", elem_restr_dd_inputs, CEED_BASIS_NONE, CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE));
365 
366     PetscCall(OperatorApplyContextCreate(user->grad_velo_proj->dm, sgs_dd_data->dm_dd_inputs, ceed, op_sgs_dd_inputs, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL,
367                                          &sgs_dd_data->op_nodal_dd_inputs_ctx));
368     PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedOperatorDestroy(&op_sgs_dd_inputs));
369     PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionDestroy(&qf_sgs_dd_inputs));
370   }
371 
372   {  // Create operator for data-driven output handling
373     CeedQFunction qf_sgs_dd_outputs;
374     CeedOperator  op_sgs_dd_outputs;
375 
376     PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionCreateInterior(ceed, 1, ComputeSgsDDNodal_Sequential_Outputs, ComputeSgsDDNodal_Sequential_Outputs_loc,
377                                                     &qf_sgs_dd_outputs));
378     PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionSetContext(qf_sgs_dd_outputs, sgs_dd_setup_data->sgsdd_qfctx));
379     PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionAddInput(qf_sgs_dd_outputs, "model outputs", sgs_dd_data->num_comp_outputs, CEED_EVAL_NONE));
380     PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionAddInput(qf_sgs_dd_outputs, "anisotropy tensor", num_comp_grid_aniso, CEED_EVAL_NONE));
381     PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionAddInput(qf_sgs_dd_outputs, "inverse multiplicity", 1, CEED_EVAL_NONE));
382     PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionAddInput(qf_sgs_dd_outputs, "eigenvectors", num_comp_eigvec, CEED_EVAL_NONE));
383     PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionAddOutput(qf_sgs_dd_outputs, "km_sgs", sgs_dd_data->num_comp_sgs, CEED_EVAL_NONE));
384 
385     PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedOperatorCreate(ceed, qf_sgs_dd_outputs, NULL, NULL, &op_sgs_dd_outputs));
386     PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedOperatorSetField(op_sgs_dd_outputs, "model outputs", elem_restr_dd_outputs, CEED_BASIS_NONE, CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE));
387     PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedOperatorSetField(op_sgs_dd_outputs, "anisotropy tensor", sgs_dd_setup_data->elem_restr_grid_aniso, CEED_BASIS_NONE,
388                                              sgs_dd_setup_data->grid_aniso_ceed));
389     PetscCallCeed(ceed,
390                   CeedOperatorSetField(op_sgs_dd_outputs, "inverse multiplicity", elem_restr_inv_multiplicity, CEED_BASIS_NONE, inv_multiplicity));
391     PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedOperatorSetField(op_sgs_dd_outputs, "eigenvectors", elem_restr_eigvec, CEED_BASIS_NONE, eigvec));
392     PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedOperatorSetField(op_sgs_dd_outputs, "km_sgs", elem_restr_sgs, CEED_BASIS_NONE, CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE));
393 
394     PetscCall(OperatorApplyContextCreate(sgs_dd_data->dm_dd_outputs, sgs_dd_data->dm_sgs, ceed, op_sgs_dd_outputs, NULL, sgs_dd_data->sgs_nodal_ceed,
395                                          NULL, NULL, &sgs_dd_data->op_nodal_dd_outputs_ctx));
396     PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedOperatorDestroy(&op_sgs_dd_outputs));
397     PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionDestroy(&qf_sgs_dd_outputs));
398   }
399 
400   sgs_dd_data->sgs_nodal_eval = SgsDDNodalStressEval_Sequential;
401 
402   if (sgs_dd_setup_data->sgs_dd_model_implementation == SGS_MODEL_DD_SEQENTIAL_CEED) {
403     sgs_dd_data->sgs_nodal_inference = SgsDDNodalStressEval_Sequential_Ceed;
404     PetscCall(SgsDDSetupNodalEvaluation_Sequential_Ceed(ceed, sgs_dd_data, sgs_dd_setup_data, elem_restr_dd_inputs, elem_restr_dd_outputs,
405                                                         elem_restr_inv_multiplicity, inv_multiplicity, &sgs_dd_data->sgs_nodal_inference_ctx));
406   } else if (sgs_dd_setup_data->sgs_dd_model_implementation == SGS_MODEL_DD_SEQENTIAL_TORCH) {
407     sgs_dd_data->sgs_nodal_inference = SgsDDNodalStressEval_Sequential_Torch;
408     PetscCall(SgsDDSetupNodalEvaluation_Sequential_Torch(ceed, sgs_dd_data, sgs_dd_setup_data, elem_restr_dd_inputs, elem_restr_dd_outputs,
409                                                          elem_restr_inv_multiplicity, inv_multiplicity, &sgs_dd_data->sgs_nodal_inference_ctx));
410   }
411 
412   sgs_dd_setup_data->elem_restr_sgs = elem_restr_sgs;
413 
414   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedVectorDestroy(&inv_multiplicity));
415   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedVectorDestroy(&eigvec));
416   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&elem_restr_inv_multiplicity));
417   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&elem_restr_eigvec));
418   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&elem_restr_dd_inputs));
419   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&elem_restr_dd_outputs));
420   PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
421 }
422 
423 // @brief Create CeedOperator to compute SGS contribution to the residual
424 static PetscErrorCode SgsSetupNodalIFunction(Ceed ceed, User user, CeedData ceed_data, SgsDDSetupData sgs_dd_setup_data) {
425   SgsDDData     sgs_dd_data = user->sgs_dd_data;
426   CeedInt       num_comp_q, num_comp_qd, num_comp_x;
427   PetscInt      dim;
428   CeedQFunction qf_sgs_apply;
429   CeedOperator  op_sgs_apply;
430   CeedBasis     basis_sgs;
431 
432   PetscFunctionBeginUser;
433   PetscCall(DMGetDimension(user->dm, &dim));
434   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedElemRestrictionGetNumComponents(ceed_data->elem_restr_q, &num_comp_q));
435   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedElemRestrictionGetNumComponents(ceed_data->elem_restr_qd_i, &num_comp_qd));
436   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedElemRestrictionGetNumComponents(ceed_data->elem_restr_x, &num_comp_x));
437 
438   PetscCall(CreateBasisFromPlex(ceed, sgs_dd_data->dm_sgs, 0, 0, 0, 0, &basis_sgs));
439 
440   switch (user->phys->state_var) {
441     case STATEVAR_PRIMITIVE:
442       PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionCreateInterior(ceed, 1, IFunction_NodalSgs_Prim, IFunction_NodalSgs_Prim_loc, &qf_sgs_apply));
443       break;
444     case STATEVAR_CONSERVATIVE:
445       PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionCreateInterior(ceed, 1, IFunction_NodalSgs_Conserv, IFunction_NodalSgs_Conserv_loc, &qf_sgs_apply));
446       break;
447     default:
448       SETERRQ(PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)user->dm), PETSC_ERR_SUP, "Nodal SGS evaluation not available for chosen state variable");
449   }
450 
451   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionSetContext(qf_sgs_apply, sgs_dd_setup_data->ifunction_qfctx));
452   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionAddInput(qf_sgs_apply, "q", num_comp_q, CEED_EVAL_INTERP));
453   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionAddInput(qf_sgs_apply, "qdata", num_comp_qd, CEED_EVAL_NONE));
454   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionAddInput(qf_sgs_apply, "km_sgs", sgs_dd_data->num_comp_sgs, CEED_EVAL_INTERP));
455   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionAddOutput(qf_sgs_apply, "Grad_v", num_comp_q * dim, CEED_EVAL_GRAD));
456 
457   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedOperatorCreate(ceed, qf_sgs_apply, NULL, NULL, &op_sgs_apply));
458   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedOperatorSetField(op_sgs_apply, "q", ceed_data->elem_restr_q, ceed_data->basis_q, CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE));
459   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedOperatorSetField(op_sgs_apply, "qdata", ceed_data->elem_restr_qd_i, CEED_BASIS_NONE, ceed_data->q_data));
460   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedOperatorSetField(op_sgs_apply, "km_sgs", sgs_dd_setup_data->elem_restr_sgs, basis_sgs, sgs_dd_data->sgs_nodal_ceed));
461   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedOperatorSetField(op_sgs_apply, "Grad_v", ceed_data->elem_restr_q, ceed_data->basis_q, CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE));
462 
463   PetscCall(
464       OperatorApplyContextCreate(user->dm, user->dm, ceed, op_sgs_apply, user->q_ceed, user->g_ceed, NULL, NULL, &sgs_dd_data->op_sgs_apply_ctx));
465 
466   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedOperatorDestroy(&op_sgs_apply));
467   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionDestroy(&qf_sgs_apply));
468   PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
469 }
470 
471 // @brief Calculate and add data-driven SGS residual to the global residual
472 PetscErrorCode SgsDDApplyIFunction(User user, const Vec Q_loc, Vec G_loc) {
473   SgsDDData    sgs_dd_data = user->sgs_dd_data;
474   Vec          VelocityGradient, SGSNodal_loc;
475   PetscMemType sgs_nodal_mem_type;
476 
477   PetscFunctionBeginUser;
478   PetscCall(DMGetGlobalVector(user->grad_velo_proj->dm, &VelocityGradient));
479   PetscCall(VelocityGradientProjectionApply(user->grad_velo_proj, Q_loc, VelocityGradient));
480 
481   // -- Compute Nodal SGS tensor
482   PetscCall(DMGetLocalVector(sgs_dd_data->dm_sgs, &SGSNodal_loc));
483   PetscCall(sgs_dd_data->sgs_nodal_eval(user, Q_loc, VelocityGradient, SGSNodal_loc));
484 
485   // -- Compute contribution of the SGS stress
486   PetscCall(VecPetscToCeed(SGSNodal_loc, &sgs_nodal_mem_type, sgs_dd_data->sgs_nodal_ceed));  // sgs_nodal_ceed is an implicit input
487   PetscCall(ApplyAddCeedOperatorLocalToLocal(Q_loc, G_loc, sgs_dd_data->op_sgs_apply_ctx));
488 
489   // -- Return local SGS vector
490   PetscCall(VecCeedToPetsc(sgs_dd_data->sgs_nodal_ceed, sgs_nodal_mem_type, SGSNodal_loc));
491   PetscCall(DMRestoreLocalVector(sgs_dd_data->dm_sgs, &SGSNodal_loc));
492   PetscCall(DMRestoreGlobalVector(user->grad_velo_proj->dm, &VelocityGradient));
493   PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
494 }
495 
496 // @brief B = A^T, A is NxM, B is MxN
497 static PetscErrorCode TransposeMatrix(const PetscScalar *A, PetscScalar *B, const PetscInt N, const PetscInt M) {
498   PetscFunctionBeginUser;
499   for (PetscInt i = 0; i < N; i++) {
500     for (PetscInt j = 0; j < M; j++) {
501       B[j * N + i] = A[i * M + j];
502     }
503   }
504   PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
505 }
506 
507 // @brief Read neural network coefficients from file and put into context struct
508 static PetscErrorCode SgsDDContextFill(MPI_Comm comm, char data_dir[PETSC_MAX_PATH_LEN], SgsDDContext *psgsdd_ctx) {
509   SgsDDContext sgsdd_ctx;
510   PetscInt     num_inputs = (*psgsdd_ctx)->num_inputs, num_outputs = (*psgsdd_ctx)->num_outputs, num_neurons = (*psgsdd_ctx)->num_neurons;
511   char         file_path[PETSC_MAX_PATH_LEN];
512   PetscScalar *temp;
513 
514   PetscFunctionBeginUser;
515   {
516     SgsDDContext sgsdd_temp;
517     PetscCall(PetscNew(&sgsdd_temp));
518     *sgsdd_temp                     = **psgsdd_ctx;
519     sgsdd_temp->offsets.bias1       = 0;
520     sgsdd_temp->offsets.bias2       = sgsdd_temp->offsets.bias1 + num_neurons;
521     sgsdd_temp->offsets.weight1     = sgsdd_temp->offsets.bias2 + num_neurons;
522     sgsdd_temp->offsets.weight2     = sgsdd_temp->offsets.weight1 + num_neurons * num_inputs;
523     sgsdd_temp->offsets.out_scaling = sgsdd_temp->offsets.weight2 + num_inputs * num_neurons;
524     PetscInt total_num_scalars      = sgsdd_temp->offsets.out_scaling + 2 * num_outputs;
525     sgsdd_temp->total_bytes         = sizeof(*sgsdd_ctx) + total_num_scalars * sizeof(sgsdd_ctx->data[0]);
526     PetscCall(PetscMalloc(sgsdd_temp->total_bytes, &sgsdd_ctx));
527     *sgsdd_ctx = *sgsdd_temp;
528     PetscCall(PetscFree(sgsdd_temp));
529   }
530 
531   PetscCall(PetscSNPrintf(file_path, sizeof file_path, "%s/%s", data_dir, "b1.dat"));
532   PetscCall(PhastaDatFileReadToArrayReal(comm, file_path, &sgsdd_ctx->data[sgsdd_ctx->offsets.bias1]));
533   PetscCall(PetscSNPrintf(file_path, sizeof file_path, "%s/%s", data_dir, "b2.dat"));
534   PetscCall(PhastaDatFileReadToArrayReal(comm, file_path, &sgsdd_ctx->data[sgsdd_ctx->offsets.bias2]));
535   PetscCall(PetscSNPrintf(file_path, sizeof file_path, "%s/%s", data_dir, "OutScaling.dat"));
536   PetscCall(PhastaDatFileReadToArrayReal(comm, file_path, &sgsdd_ctx->data[sgsdd_ctx->offsets.out_scaling]));
537 
538   {
539     PetscCall(PetscMalloc1(num_inputs * num_neurons, &temp));
540     PetscCall(PetscSNPrintf(file_path, sizeof file_path, "%s/%s", data_dir, "w1.dat"));
541     PetscCall(PhastaDatFileReadToArrayReal(comm, file_path, temp));
542     PetscCall(TransposeMatrix(temp, &sgsdd_ctx->data[sgsdd_ctx->offsets.weight1], num_inputs, num_neurons));
543     PetscCall(PetscFree(temp));
544   }
545   {
546     PetscCall(PetscMalloc1(num_outputs * num_neurons, &temp));
547     PetscCall(PetscSNPrintf(file_path, sizeof file_path, "%s/%s", data_dir, "w2.dat"));
548     PetscCall(PhastaDatFileReadToArrayReal(comm, file_path, temp));
549     PetscCall(TransposeMatrix(temp, &sgsdd_ctx->data[sgsdd_ctx->offsets.weight2], num_neurons, num_outputs));
550     PetscCall(PetscFree(temp));
551   }
552 
553   PetscCall(PetscFree(*psgsdd_ctx));
554   *psgsdd_ctx = sgsdd_ctx;
555   PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
556 }
557 
558 PetscErrorCode SgsDDSetup(Ceed ceed, User user, CeedData ceed_data, ProblemData problem) {
559   PetscReal                alpha = 0;
560   SgsDDContext             sgsdd_ctx;
561   MPI_Comm                 comm                           = user->comm;
562   char                     sgs_dd_dir[PETSC_MAX_PATH_LEN] = "./dd_sgs_parameters";
563   SgsDDSetupData           sgs_dd_setup_data;
564   NewtonianIdealGasContext gas;
565 
566   PetscFunctionBeginUser;
567   PetscCall(VelocityGradientProjectionSetup(ceed, user, ceed_data, problem, user->phys->state_var, ceed_data->elem_restr_q, ceed_data->basis_q,
568                                             &user->grad_velo_proj));
569 
570   PetscCall(PetscNew(&user->sgs_dd_data));
571   user->sgs_dd_data->num_comp_inputs  = 6;
572   user->sgs_dd_data->num_comp_outputs = 6;
573 
574   PetscCall(PetscNew(&sgs_dd_setup_data));
575 
576   PetscOptionsBegin(comm, NULL, "SGS Data-Driven Model Options", NULL);
577   PetscCall(PetscOptionsReal("-sgs_model_dd_leakyrelu_alpha", "Slope parameter for Leaky ReLU activation function", NULL, alpha, &alpha, NULL));
578   PetscCall(PetscOptionsString("-sgs_model_dd_parameter_dir", "Path to directory with model parameters (weights, biases, etc.)", NULL, sgs_dd_dir,
579                                sgs_dd_dir, sizeof(sgs_dd_dir), NULL));
580   PetscCall(PetscOptionsDeprecated("-sgs_model_dd_use_fused", NULL, "libCEED 0.12.0", "Use -sgs_model_dd_type instead"));
581   sgs_dd_setup_data->sgs_dd_model_implementation = SGS_MODEL_DD_FUSED;
582   PetscCall(PetscOptionsEnum("-sgs_model_dd_implementation", "Data-Driven SGS model implementation", NULL, SGSModelDDImplementations,
583                              (PetscEnum)sgs_dd_setup_data->sgs_dd_model_implementation, (PetscEnum *)&sgs_dd_setup_data->sgs_dd_model_implementation,
584                              NULL));
585   PetscOptionsEnd();
586 
587   PetscCall(PetscNew(&sgsdd_ctx));
588   sgsdd_ctx->num_layers  = 1;
589   sgsdd_ctx->num_inputs  = 6;
590   sgsdd_ctx->num_outputs = 6;
591   sgsdd_ctx->num_neurons = 20;
592   sgsdd_ctx->alpha       = alpha;
593 
594   PetscCall(SgsDDContextFill(comm, sgs_dd_dir, &sgsdd_ctx));
595 
596   // -- Create DM for storing SGS tensor at nodes
597   PetscCall(SgsDDCreateDM(user->dm, &user->sgs_dd_data->dm_sgs, user->app_ctx->degree, user->app_ctx->q_extra, &user->sgs_dd_data->num_comp_sgs));
598 
599   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionContextGetDataRead(problem->apply_vol_ifunction.qfunction_context, CEED_MEM_HOST, &gas));
600   sgsdd_ctx->gas = *gas;
601   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionContextRestoreDataRead(problem->apply_vol_ifunction.qfunction_context, &gas));
602   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionContextCreate(user->ceed, &sgs_dd_setup_data->sgsdd_qfctx));
603   PetscCallCeed(ceed,
604                 CeedQFunctionContextSetData(sgs_dd_setup_data->sgsdd_qfctx, CEED_MEM_HOST, CEED_USE_POINTER, sgsdd_ctx->total_bytes, sgsdd_ctx));
605   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionContextSetDataDestroy(sgs_dd_setup_data->sgsdd_qfctx, CEED_MEM_HOST, FreeContextPetsc));
606 
607   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionContextReferenceCopy(problem->apply_vol_ifunction.qfunction_context, &sgs_dd_setup_data->ifunction_qfctx));
608 
609   // -- Compute and store anisotropy tensor
610   PetscCall(GridAnisotropyTensorProjectionSetupApply(ceed, user, ceed_data, &sgs_dd_setup_data->elem_restr_grid_aniso,
611                                                      &sgs_dd_setup_data->grid_aniso_ceed));
612 
613   // -- Create Nodal Evaluation Operator
614   switch (sgs_dd_setup_data->sgs_dd_model_implementation) {
615     case SGS_MODEL_DD_FUSED:
616       PetscCall(SgsDDSetupNodalEvaluation_Fused(ceed, user, ceed_data, sgs_dd_setup_data));
617       break;
618     case SGS_MODEL_DD_SEQENTIAL_CEED:
619     case SGS_MODEL_DD_SEQENTIAL_TORCH:
620       PetscCall(SgsDDSetupNodalEvaluation_Sequential(ceed, user, ceed_data, sgs_dd_setup_data));
621       break;
622   }
623 
624   // -- Create Operator to evalutate residual of SGS stress
625   PetscCall(SgsSetupNodalIFunction(ceed, user, ceed_data, sgs_dd_setup_data));
626 
627   PetscCall(SgsDDSetupDataDestroy(sgs_dd_setup_data));
628   PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
629 }
630 
631 PetscErrorCode SgsDDDataDestroy(SgsDDData sgs_dd_data) {
632   PetscFunctionBeginUser;
633   if (!sgs_dd_data) PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
634   Ceed ceed = sgs_dd_data->op_sgs_apply_ctx->ceed;
635 
636   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedVectorDestroy(&sgs_dd_data->sgs_nodal_ceed));
637   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedVectorDestroy(&sgs_dd_data->grad_velo_ceed));
638   PetscCall(OperatorApplyContextDestroy(sgs_dd_data->op_nodal_evaluation_ctx));
639   PetscCall(OperatorApplyContextDestroy(sgs_dd_data->op_sgs_apply_ctx));
640   PetscCall(OperatorApplyContextDestroy(sgs_dd_data->op_nodal_dd_inputs_ctx));
641   PetscCall(OperatorApplyContextDestroy(sgs_dd_data->op_nodal_dd_outputs_ctx));
642   PetscCall(DMDestroy(&sgs_dd_data->dm_sgs));
643   PetscCall(DMDestroy(&sgs_dd_data->dm_dd_inputs));
644   PetscCall(DMDestroy(&sgs_dd_data->dm_dd_outputs));
645   if (sgs_dd_data->sgs_nodal_inference_ctx) PetscCall(sgs_dd_data->sgs_nodal_inference_ctx_destroy(sgs_dd_data->sgs_nodal_inference_ctx));
646   PetscCall(PetscFree(sgs_dd_data));
647   PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
648 }
649