xref: /honee/problems/sgs_dd_model.c (revision cbdfeaf49eecfe108b28f98e5e7c308a9796a444)
1 // SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright (c) 2017-2024, HONEE contributors.
2 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 OR BSD-2-Clause
3 
4 #include "../qfunctions/sgs_dd_model.h"
5 
6 #include <petscdmplex.h>
7 
8 #include <navierstokes.h>
9 #include <sgs_model_torch.h>
10 
11 typedef struct {
12   CeedElemRestriction      elem_restr_grid_aniso, elem_restr_sgs;
13   CeedVector               grid_aniso_ceed;
14   CeedQFunctionContext     sgsdd_qfctx, ifunction_qfctx;
15   SGSModelDDImplementation sgs_dd_model_implementation;
16 } *SgsDDSetupData;
17 
18 PetscErrorCode SgsDDSetupDataDestroy(SgsDDSetupData sgs_dd_setup_data) {
19   Ceed ceed;
20 
21   PetscFunctionBeginUser;
22   PetscCall(CeedElemRestrictionGetCeed(sgs_dd_setup_data->elem_restr_sgs, &ceed));
23 
24   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&sgs_dd_setup_data->elem_restr_grid_aniso));
25   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&sgs_dd_setup_data->elem_restr_sgs));
26   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedVectorDestroy(&sgs_dd_setup_data->grid_aniso_ceed));
27   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionContextDestroy(&sgs_dd_setup_data->sgsdd_qfctx));
28   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionContextDestroy(&sgs_dd_setup_data->ifunction_qfctx));
29   PetscCall(PetscFree(sgs_dd_setup_data));
30   PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
31 }
32 
33 // @brief Create DM for storing subgrid stress at nodes
34 static PetscErrorCode SgsDDCreateDM(DM dm_source, DM *dm_sgs, PetscInt degree, PetscInt q_extra, PetscInt *num_components) {
35   PetscSection section;
36 
37   PetscFunctionBeginUser;
38   *num_components = 6;
39 
40   PetscCall(DMClone(dm_source, dm_sgs));
41   PetscCall(DMSetMatrixPreallocateSkip(*dm_sgs, PETSC_TRUE));
42   PetscCall(PetscObjectSetName((PetscObject)*dm_sgs, "Subgrid Stress Projection"));
43 
44   PetscCall(DMSetupByOrder_FEM(PETSC_TRUE, PETSC_TRUE, degree, 1, q_extra, 1, num_components, *dm_sgs));
45 
46   PetscCall(DMGetLocalSection(*dm_sgs, &section));
47   PetscCall(PetscSectionSetFieldName(section, 0, ""));
48   PetscCall(PetscSectionSetComponentName(section, 0, 0, "KMSubgridStressXX"));
49   PetscCall(PetscSectionSetComponentName(section, 0, 1, "KMSubgridStressYY"));
50   PetscCall(PetscSectionSetComponentName(section, 0, 2, "KMSubgridStressZZ"));
51   PetscCall(PetscSectionSetComponentName(section, 0, 3, "KMSubgridStressYZ"));
52   PetscCall(PetscSectionSetComponentName(section, 0, 4, "KMSubgridStressXZ"));
53   PetscCall(PetscSectionSetComponentName(section, 0, 5, "KMSubgridStressXY"));
54   PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
55 };
56 
57 // @brief Evaluate data-driven SGS using fused method
58 static PetscErrorCode SgsDDNodalStressEval_Fused(User user, Vec Q_loc, Vec VelocityGradient, Vec SGSNodal_loc) {
59   SgsDDData    sgs_dd_data = user->sgs_dd_data;
60   PetscMemType q_mem_type;
61 
62   PetscFunctionBeginUser;
63   PetscCall(VecPetscToCeed(Q_loc, &q_mem_type, user->q_ceed));  // q_ceed is an implicit input
64 
65   PetscCall(ApplyCeedOperatorGlobalToLocal(VelocityGradient, SGSNodal_loc, sgs_dd_data->op_nodal_evaluation_ctx));
66 
67   PetscCall(VecCeedToPetsc(user->q_ceed, q_mem_type, Q_loc));
68   PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
69 }
70 
71 // @brief Create CeedOperator to calculate data-drive SGS at nodes using fused operator
72 static PetscErrorCode SgsDDSetupNodalEvaluation_Fused(Ceed ceed, User user, CeedData ceed_data, SgsDDSetupData sgs_dd_setup_data) {
73   SgsDDData           sgs_dd_data = user->sgs_dd_data;
74   CeedQFunction       qf_sgs_dd_nodal;
75   CeedOperator        op_sgs_dd_nodal;
76   CeedInt             num_comp_q, num_comp_grad_velo, num_comp_x, num_comp_grid_aniso;
77   PetscInt            dim;
78   CeedVector          inv_multiplicity;
79   CeedElemRestriction elem_restr_inv_multiplicity, elem_restr_grad_velo, elem_restr_sgs;
80   DMLabel             domain_label = NULL;
81   PetscInt            label_value = 0, height = 0, dm_field = 0;
82 
83   PetscFunctionBeginUser;
84   PetscCall(DMGetDimension(user->dm, &dim));
85   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedElemRestrictionGetNumComponents(ceed_data->elem_restr_x, &num_comp_x));
86   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedElemRestrictionGetNumComponents(ceed_data->elem_restr_q, &num_comp_q));
87   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedElemRestrictionGetNumComponents(sgs_dd_setup_data->elem_restr_grid_aniso, &num_comp_grid_aniso));
88 
89   {  // Get velocity gradient information
90     CeedOperatorField op_field;
91     PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedOperatorGetFieldByName(user->grad_velo_proj->l2_rhs_ctx->op, "velocity gradient", &op_field));
92     PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(op_field, &elem_restr_grad_velo));
93     PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedElemRestrictionGetNumComponents(elem_restr_grad_velo, &num_comp_grad_velo));
94   }
95   PetscCall(DMPlexCeedElemRestrictionCreate(ceed, sgs_dd_data->dm_sgs, domain_label, label_value, height, dm_field, &elem_restr_sgs));
96   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedElemRestrictionCreateVector(elem_restr_sgs, &sgs_dd_data->sgs_nodal_ceed, NULL));
97 
98   PetscCall(GetInverseMultiplicity(ceed, sgs_dd_data->dm_sgs, domain_label, label_value, height, dm_field, PETSC_FALSE, &elem_restr_inv_multiplicity,
99                                    &inv_multiplicity));
100 
101   // -- Create operator for SGS DD model nodal evaluation
102   switch (user->phys->state_var) {
103     case STATEVAR_PRIMITIVE:
104       PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionCreateInterior(ceed, 1, ComputeSgsDDNodal_Prim, ComputeSgsDDNodal_Prim_loc, &qf_sgs_dd_nodal));
105       break;
106     case STATEVAR_CONSERVATIVE:
107       PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionCreateInterior(ceed, 1, ComputeSgsDDNodal_Conserv, ComputeSgsDDNodal_Conserv_loc, &qf_sgs_dd_nodal));
108       break;
109     case STATEVAR_ENTROPY:
110       PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionCreateInterior(ceed, 1, ComputeSgsDDNodal_Entropy, ComputeSgsDDNodal_Entropy_loc, &qf_sgs_dd_nodal));
111       break;
112   }
113 
114   // Mesh/geometry order and solution basis order may differ, therefore must interpolate
115   CeedBasis basis_x_to_q;
116   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedBasisCreateProjection(ceed_data->basis_x, ceed_data->basis_q, &basis_x_to_q));
117 
118   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionSetContext(qf_sgs_dd_nodal, sgs_dd_setup_data->sgsdd_qfctx));
119   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionAddInput(qf_sgs_dd_nodal, "q", num_comp_q, CEED_EVAL_NONE));
120   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionAddInput(qf_sgs_dd_nodal, "x", num_comp_x, CEED_EVAL_INTERP));
121   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionAddInput(qf_sgs_dd_nodal, "gradient velocity", num_comp_grad_velo, CEED_EVAL_NONE));
122   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionAddInput(qf_sgs_dd_nodal, "anisotropy tensor", num_comp_grid_aniso, CEED_EVAL_NONE));
123   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionAddInput(qf_sgs_dd_nodal, "inverse multiplicity", 1, CEED_EVAL_NONE));
124   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionAddOutput(qf_sgs_dd_nodal, "km_sgs", sgs_dd_data->num_comp_sgs, CEED_EVAL_NONE));
125 
126   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedOperatorCreate(ceed, qf_sgs_dd_nodal, NULL, NULL, &op_sgs_dd_nodal));
127   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedOperatorSetField(op_sgs_dd_nodal, "q", ceed_data->elem_restr_q, CEED_BASIS_NONE, user->q_ceed));
128   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedOperatorSetField(op_sgs_dd_nodal, "x", ceed_data->elem_restr_x, basis_x_to_q, ceed_data->x_coord));
129   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedOperatorSetField(op_sgs_dd_nodal, "gradient velocity", elem_restr_grad_velo, CEED_BASIS_NONE, CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE));
130   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedOperatorSetField(op_sgs_dd_nodal, "anisotropy tensor", sgs_dd_setup_data->elem_restr_grid_aniso, CEED_BASIS_NONE,
131                                            sgs_dd_setup_data->grid_aniso_ceed));
132   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedOperatorSetField(op_sgs_dd_nodal, "inverse multiplicity", elem_restr_inv_multiplicity, CEED_BASIS_NONE, inv_multiplicity));
133   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedOperatorSetField(op_sgs_dd_nodal, "km_sgs", elem_restr_sgs, CEED_BASIS_NONE, CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE));
134 
135   PetscCall(OperatorApplyContextCreate(user->grad_velo_proj->dm, sgs_dd_data->dm_sgs, ceed, op_sgs_dd_nodal, NULL, sgs_dd_data->sgs_nodal_ceed, NULL,
136                                        NULL, &sgs_dd_data->op_nodal_evaluation_ctx));
137 
138   sgs_dd_setup_data->elem_restr_sgs = elem_restr_sgs;
139   sgs_dd_data->sgs_nodal_eval       = SgsDDNodalStressEval_Fused;
140 
141   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedVectorDestroy(&inv_multiplicity));
142   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedBasisDestroy(&basis_x_to_q));
143   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&elem_restr_inv_multiplicity));
144   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionDestroy(&qf_sgs_dd_nodal));
145   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedOperatorDestroy(&op_sgs_dd_nodal));
146   PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
147 }
148 
149 // @brief Setup data-driven model inference using libCEED native implementation
150 static PetscErrorCode SgsDDSetupNodalEvaluation_Sequential_Ceed(Ceed ceed, SgsDDData sgs_dd_data, SgsDDSetupData sgs_dd_setup_data,
151                                                                 CeedElemRestriction elem_restr_dd_inputs, CeedElemRestriction elem_restr_dd_outputs,
152                                                                 CeedElemRestriction elem_restr_inv_multiplicity, CeedVector inv_multiplicity,
153                                                                 void **ctx) {
154   CeedQFunction         qf_sgs_dd_inference;
155   CeedOperator          op_sgs_dd_inference;
156   OperatorApplyContext *op_context = (OperatorApplyContext *)ctx;
157 
158   PetscFunctionBeginUser;
159   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionCreateInterior(ceed, 1, ComputeSgsDDNodal_Sequential_Inference, ComputeSgsDDNodal_Sequential_Inference_loc,
160                                                   &qf_sgs_dd_inference));
161 
162   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionSetContext(qf_sgs_dd_inference, sgs_dd_setup_data->sgsdd_qfctx));
163   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionAddInput(qf_sgs_dd_inference, "model inputs", sgs_dd_data->num_comp_inputs, CEED_EVAL_NONE));
164   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionAddInput(qf_sgs_dd_inference, "inverse multiplicity", 1, CEED_EVAL_NONE));
165   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionAddOutput(qf_sgs_dd_inference, "model outputs", sgs_dd_data->num_comp_outputs, CEED_EVAL_NONE));
166 
167   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedOperatorCreate(ceed, qf_sgs_dd_inference, NULL, NULL, &op_sgs_dd_inference));
168   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedOperatorSetField(op_sgs_dd_inference, "model inputs", elem_restr_dd_inputs, CEED_BASIS_NONE, CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE));
169   PetscCallCeed(ceed,
170                 CeedOperatorSetField(op_sgs_dd_inference, "inverse multiplicity", elem_restr_inv_multiplicity, CEED_BASIS_NONE, inv_multiplicity));
171   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedOperatorSetField(op_sgs_dd_inference, "model outputs", elem_restr_dd_outputs, CEED_BASIS_NONE, CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE));
172 
173   PetscCall(OperatorApplyContextCreate(sgs_dd_data->dm_dd_inputs, sgs_dd_data->dm_dd_outputs, ceed, op_sgs_dd_inference, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL,
174                                        op_context));
175   sgs_dd_data->sgs_nodal_inference_ctx_destroy = (PetscErrorCode(*)(void *))OperatorApplyContextDestroy;
176 
177   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedOperatorDestroy(&op_sgs_dd_inference));
178   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionDestroy(&qf_sgs_dd_inference));
179   PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
180 }
181 
182 // @brief Perform data-driven model inference using libCEED native implementation
183 PetscErrorCode SgsDDNodalStressEval_Sequential_Ceed(Vec DD_Inputs_loc, Vec DD_Outputs_loc, void *ctx) {
184   OperatorApplyContext op_context = *(OperatorApplyContext *)ctx;
185 
186   PetscFunctionBeginUser;
187   PetscCall(PetscLogEventBegin(FLUIDS_SgsModelDDData, DD_Inputs_loc, DD_Outputs_loc, NULL, NULL));
188   PetscCall(PetscLogEventBegin(FLUIDS_SgsModelDDInference, DD_Inputs_loc, DD_Outputs_loc, NULL, NULL));
189   PetscCall(PetscLogGpuTimeBegin());
190   PetscCall(ApplyCeedOperatorLocalToLocal(DD_Inputs_loc, DD_Outputs_loc, op_context));
191   PetscCall(PetscLogGpuTimeEnd());
192   PetscCall(PetscLogEventEnd(FLUIDS_SgsModelDDInference, DD_Inputs_loc, DD_Outputs_loc, NULL, NULL));
193   PetscCall(PetscLogEventEnd(FLUIDS_SgsModelDDData, DD_Inputs_loc, DD_Outputs_loc, NULL, NULL));
194   PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
195 }
196 
197 // @brief Setup data-driven model inference using libtorch
198 static PetscErrorCode SgsDDSetupNodalEvaluation_Sequential_Torch(Ceed ceed, SgsDDData sgs_dd_data, SgsDDSetupData sgs_dd_setup_data,
199                                                                  CeedElemRestriction elem_restr_dd_inputs, CeedElemRestriction elem_restr_dd_outputs,
200                                                                  CeedElemRestriction elem_restr_inv_multiplicity, CeedVector inv_multiplicity,
201                                                                  void **ctx) {
202   const char     *ceed_resource;
203   char            model_path[PETSC_MAX_PATH_LEN] = "";
204   TorchDeviceType model_device_type;
205 
206   PetscFunctionBeginUser;
207   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedGetResource(ceed, &ceed_resource));
208   if (strstr(ceed_resource, "/gpu/cuda")) model_device_type = TORCH_DEVICE_CUDA;
209   else if (strstr(ceed_resource, "/gpu/hip")) model_device_type = TORCH_DEVICE_HIP;
210   // On-device XPU is not working reliably currently, default to CPU inference evaluation
211   // else if (strstr(ceed_resource, "/gpu/sycl")) model_device_type = TORCH_DEVICE_XPU;
212   else model_device_type = TORCH_DEVICE_CPU;
213   PetscCall(PetscOptionsGetEnum(NULL, NULL, "-sgs_model_dd_torch_model_device", TorchDeviceTypes, (PetscEnum *)&model_device_type, NULL));
214   PetscCall(PetscOptionsGetString(NULL, NULL, "-sgs_model_dd_torch_model_path", model_path, sizeof(model_path), NULL));
215 
216   PetscCall(LoadModel_Torch(model_path, model_device_type));
217 
218   PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
219 }
220 
221 // @brief Perform data-driven model inference using libtorch
222 static PetscErrorCode SgsDDNodalStressEval_Sequential_Torch(Vec DD_Inputs_loc, Vec DD_Outputs_loc, void *ctx) {
223   static PetscBool run_through = PETSC_FALSE;
224   PetscFunctionBeginUser;
225   if (!run_through) {
226     PetscCall(VecViewFromOptions(DD_Inputs_loc, NULL, "-dd_inputs_loc_view"));
227   }
228   PetscCall(ModelInference_Torch(DD_Inputs_loc, DD_Outputs_loc));
229   if (!run_through) {
230     PetscCall(VecViewFromOptions(DD_Outputs_loc, NULL, "-dd_outputs_loc_view"));
231     run_through = PETSC_TRUE;
232   }
233   PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
234 }
235 
236 // @brief Evaluate data-driven SGS using sequential method
237 PetscErrorCode SgsDDNodalStressEval_Sequential(User user, Vec Q_loc, Vec VelocityGradient, Vec SGSNodal_loc) {
238   SgsDDData    sgs_dd_data = user->sgs_dd_data;
239   PetscMemType q_mem_type;
240   Vec          DD_Inputs_loc, DD_Outputs_loc;
241 
242   PetscFunctionBeginUser;
243   PetscCall(DMGetLocalVector(sgs_dd_data->dm_dd_inputs, &DD_Inputs_loc));
244   PetscCall(DMGetLocalVector(sgs_dd_data->dm_dd_outputs, &DD_Outputs_loc));
245   PetscCall(VecPetscToCeed(Q_loc, &q_mem_type, user->q_ceed));  // q_ceed is an implicit input
246 
247   PetscCall(ApplyCeedOperatorGlobalToLocal(VelocityGradient, DD_Inputs_loc, sgs_dd_data->op_nodal_dd_inputs_ctx));
248   PetscCall(sgs_dd_data->sgs_nodal_inference(DD_Inputs_loc, DD_Outputs_loc, &sgs_dd_data->sgs_nodal_inference_ctx));
249   PetscCall(ApplyCeedOperatorLocalToLocal(DD_Outputs_loc, SGSNodal_loc, sgs_dd_data->op_nodal_dd_outputs_ctx));
250 
251   PetscCall(VecCeedToPetsc(user->q_ceed, q_mem_type, Q_loc));
252   PetscCall(DMRestoreLocalVector(sgs_dd_data->dm_dd_inputs, &DD_Inputs_loc));
253   PetscCall(DMRestoreLocalVector(sgs_dd_data->dm_dd_outputs, &DD_Outputs_loc));
254   PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
255 }
256 
257 // @brief Create CeedOperator to calculate data-drive SGS at nodes using sequentially-applied operators
258 static PetscErrorCode SgsDDSetupNodalEvaluation_Sequential(Ceed ceed, User user, CeedData ceed_data, SgsDDSetupData sgs_dd_setup_data) {
259   SgsDDData           sgs_dd_data = user->sgs_dd_data;
260   CeedInt             num_comp_q, num_comp_grad_velo, num_comp_x, num_comp_grid_aniso, num_comp_eigvec = 9 + 1;
261   PetscInt            dim;
262   CeedVector          inv_multiplicity, eigvec;
263   CeedElemRestriction elem_restr_inv_multiplicity, elem_restr_grad_velo, elem_restr_sgs, elem_restr_eigvec, elem_restr_dd_inputs,
264       elem_restr_dd_outputs;
265   DMLabel  domain_label = NULL;
266   PetscInt label_value = 0, height = 0, dm_field = 0;
267 
268   PetscFunctionBeginUser;
269   {  // Create DMs for data-driven input and output values
270     PetscSection section;
271     PetscInt     degree, q_extra;
272     {  // Get degree and number of quadrature points from dm_sgs
273       PetscFE         fe;
274       PetscSpace      basis;
275       PetscQuadrature quadrature;
276       PetscInt        num_qpnts;
277       PetscCall(DMGetField(sgs_dd_data->dm_sgs, 0, NULL, (PetscObject *)&fe));
278       PetscCall(PetscFEGetBasisSpace(fe, &basis));
279       PetscCall(PetscSpaceGetDegree(basis, &degree, NULL));
280       PetscCall(PetscFEGetQuadrature(fe, &quadrature));
281       PetscCall(PetscQuadratureGetOrder(quadrature, &num_qpnts));
282       q_extra = degree - num_qpnts;
283     }
284 
285     PetscCall(DMClone(sgs_dd_data->dm_sgs, &sgs_dd_data->dm_dd_inputs));
286     PetscCall(DMSetMatrixPreallocateSkip(sgs_dd_data->dm_dd_inputs, PETSC_TRUE));
287     PetscCall(PetscObjectSetName((PetscObject)sgs_dd_data->dm_dd_inputs, "Data-Driven Model Inputs"));
288     PetscCall(DMSetupByOrder_FEM(PETSC_TRUE, PETSC_TRUE, degree, 1, q_extra, 1, &sgs_dd_data->num_comp_inputs, sgs_dd_data->dm_dd_inputs));
289     PetscCall(DMGetLocalSection(sgs_dd_data->dm_dd_inputs, &section));
290     PetscCall(PetscSectionSetFieldName(section, 0, ""));
291     for (CeedInt i = 0; i < sgs_dd_data->num_comp_inputs; i++) {
292       char component_name[PETSC_MAX_PATH_LEN];
293 
294       PetscCall(PetscSNPrintf(component_name, sizeof component_name, "DataDrivenInput%" CeedInt_FMT, i + 1));
295       PetscCall(PetscSectionSetComponentName(section, 0, i, component_name));
296     }
297 
298     PetscCall(DMClone(sgs_dd_data->dm_sgs, &sgs_dd_data->dm_dd_outputs));
299     PetscCall(DMSetMatrixPreallocateSkip(sgs_dd_data->dm_dd_outputs, PETSC_TRUE));
300     PetscCall(PetscObjectSetName((PetscObject)sgs_dd_data->dm_dd_outputs, "Data-Driven Model Outputs"));
301     PetscCall(DMSetupByOrder_FEM(PETSC_TRUE, PETSC_TRUE, degree, 1, q_extra, 1, &sgs_dd_data->num_comp_outputs, sgs_dd_data->dm_dd_outputs));
302     PetscCall(DMGetLocalSection(sgs_dd_data->dm_dd_outputs, &section));
303     PetscCall(PetscSectionSetFieldName(section, 0, ""));
304     for (CeedInt i = 0; i < sgs_dd_data->num_comp_outputs; i++) {
305       char component_name[PETSC_MAX_PATH_LEN];
306 
307       PetscCall(PetscSNPrintf(component_name, sizeof component_name, "DataDrivenOutput%" CeedInt_FMT, i + 1));
308       PetscCall(PetscSectionSetComponentName(section, 0, i, component_name));
309     }
310   }
311 
312   PetscCall(DMGetDimension(user->dm, &dim));
313   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedElemRestrictionGetNumComponents(ceed_data->elem_restr_x, &num_comp_x));
314   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedElemRestrictionGetNumComponents(ceed_data->elem_restr_q, &num_comp_q));
315   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedElemRestrictionGetNumComponents(sgs_dd_setup_data->elem_restr_grid_aniso, &num_comp_grid_aniso));
316 
317   {  // Get velocity gradient information
318     CeedOperatorField op_field;
319     PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedOperatorGetFieldByName(user->grad_velo_proj->l2_rhs_ctx->op, "velocity gradient", &op_field));
320     PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(op_field, &elem_restr_grad_velo));
321     PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedElemRestrictionGetNumComponents(elem_restr_grad_velo, &num_comp_grad_velo));
322     PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedElemRestrictionCreateVector(elem_restr_grad_velo, &sgs_dd_data->grad_velo_ceed, NULL));
323   }
324 
325   PetscCall(DMPlexCeedElemRestrictionCreate(ceed, sgs_dd_data->dm_sgs, domain_label, label_value, height, dm_field, &elem_restr_sgs));
326   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedElemRestrictionCreateVector(elem_restr_sgs, &sgs_dd_data->sgs_nodal_ceed, NULL));
327   PetscCall(
328       DMPlexCeedElemRestrictionCollocatedCreate(ceed, sgs_dd_data->dm_sgs, domain_label, label_value, height, num_comp_eigvec, &elem_restr_eigvec));
329   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedElemRestrictionCreateVector(elem_restr_eigvec, &eigvec, NULL));
330 
331   PetscCall(DMPlexCeedElemRestrictionCreate(ceed, sgs_dd_data->dm_dd_inputs, domain_label, label_value, height, dm_field, &elem_restr_dd_inputs));
332   PetscCall(DMPlexCeedElemRestrictionCreate(ceed, sgs_dd_data->dm_dd_outputs, domain_label, label_value, height, dm_field, &elem_restr_dd_outputs));
333 
334   PetscCall(GetInverseMultiplicity(ceed, sgs_dd_data->dm_sgs, domain_label, label_value, height, dm_field, PETSC_FALSE, &elem_restr_inv_multiplicity,
335                                    &inv_multiplicity));
336 
337   {  // Create operator for data-driven input evaluation
338     CeedQFunction qf_sgs_dd_inputs;
339     CeedOperator  op_sgs_dd_inputs;
340 
341     switch (user->phys->state_var) {
342       case STATEVAR_PRIMITIVE:
343         PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionCreateInterior(ceed, 1, ComputeSgsDDNodal_Sequential_Inputs_Prim,
344                                                         ComputeSgsDDNodal_Sequential_Inputs_Prim_loc, &qf_sgs_dd_inputs));
345         break;
346       case STATEVAR_CONSERVATIVE:
347         PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionCreateInterior(ceed, 1, ComputeSgsDDNodal_Sequential_Inputs_Conserv,
348                                                         ComputeSgsDDNodal_Sequential_Inputs_Conserv_loc, &qf_sgs_dd_inputs));
349         break;
350       case STATEVAR_ENTROPY:
351         PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionCreateInterior(ceed, 1, ComputeSgsDDNodal_Sequential_Inputs_Entropy,
352                                                         ComputeSgsDDNodal_Sequential_Inputs_Entropy_loc, &qf_sgs_dd_inputs));
353         break;
354     }
355 
356     PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionSetContext(qf_sgs_dd_inputs, sgs_dd_setup_data->sgsdd_qfctx));
357     PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionAddInput(qf_sgs_dd_inputs, "q", num_comp_q, CEED_EVAL_NONE));
358     PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionAddInput(qf_sgs_dd_inputs, "gradient velocity", num_comp_grad_velo, CEED_EVAL_NONE));
359     PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionAddInput(qf_sgs_dd_inputs, "anisotropy tensor", num_comp_grid_aniso, CEED_EVAL_NONE));
360     PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionAddInput(qf_sgs_dd_inputs, "inverse multiplicity", 1, CEED_EVAL_NONE));
361     PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionAddOutput(qf_sgs_dd_inputs, "eigenvectors", num_comp_eigvec, CEED_EVAL_NONE));
362     PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionAddOutput(qf_sgs_dd_inputs, "model inputs", sgs_dd_data->num_comp_inputs, CEED_EVAL_NONE));
363 
364     PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedOperatorCreate(ceed, qf_sgs_dd_inputs, NULL, NULL, &op_sgs_dd_inputs));
365     PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedOperatorSetField(op_sgs_dd_inputs, "q", ceed_data->elem_restr_q, CEED_BASIS_NONE, user->q_ceed));
366     PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedOperatorSetField(op_sgs_dd_inputs, "gradient velocity", elem_restr_grad_velo, CEED_BASIS_NONE, CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE));
367     PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedOperatorSetField(op_sgs_dd_inputs, "anisotropy tensor", sgs_dd_setup_data->elem_restr_grid_aniso, CEED_BASIS_NONE,
368                                              sgs_dd_setup_data->grid_aniso_ceed));
369     PetscCallCeed(ceed,
370                   CeedOperatorSetField(op_sgs_dd_inputs, "inverse multiplicity", elem_restr_inv_multiplicity, CEED_BASIS_NONE, inv_multiplicity));
371     PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedOperatorSetField(op_sgs_dd_inputs, "eigenvectors", elem_restr_eigvec, CEED_BASIS_NONE, eigvec));
372     PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedOperatorSetField(op_sgs_dd_inputs, "model inputs", elem_restr_dd_inputs, CEED_BASIS_NONE, CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE));
373 
374     PetscCall(OperatorApplyContextCreate(user->grad_velo_proj->dm, sgs_dd_data->dm_dd_inputs, ceed, op_sgs_dd_inputs, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL,
375                                          &sgs_dd_data->op_nodal_dd_inputs_ctx));
376     PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedOperatorDestroy(&op_sgs_dd_inputs));
377     PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionDestroy(&qf_sgs_dd_inputs));
378   }
379 
380   {  // Create operator for data-driven output handling
381     CeedQFunction qf_sgs_dd_outputs;
382     CeedOperator  op_sgs_dd_outputs;
383 
384     PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionCreateInterior(ceed, 1, ComputeSgsDDNodal_Sequential_Outputs, ComputeSgsDDNodal_Sequential_Outputs_loc,
385                                                     &qf_sgs_dd_outputs));
386     PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionSetContext(qf_sgs_dd_outputs, sgs_dd_setup_data->sgsdd_qfctx));
387     PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionAddInput(qf_sgs_dd_outputs, "model outputs", sgs_dd_data->num_comp_outputs, CEED_EVAL_NONE));
388     PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionAddInput(qf_sgs_dd_outputs, "anisotropy tensor", num_comp_grid_aniso, CEED_EVAL_NONE));
389     PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionAddInput(qf_sgs_dd_outputs, "inverse multiplicity", 1, CEED_EVAL_NONE));
390     PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionAddInput(qf_sgs_dd_outputs, "eigenvectors", num_comp_eigvec, CEED_EVAL_NONE));
391     PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionAddOutput(qf_sgs_dd_outputs, "km_sgs", sgs_dd_data->num_comp_sgs, CEED_EVAL_NONE));
392 
393     PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedOperatorCreate(ceed, qf_sgs_dd_outputs, NULL, NULL, &op_sgs_dd_outputs));
394     PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedOperatorSetField(op_sgs_dd_outputs, "model outputs", elem_restr_dd_outputs, CEED_BASIS_NONE, CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE));
395     PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedOperatorSetField(op_sgs_dd_outputs, "anisotropy tensor", sgs_dd_setup_data->elem_restr_grid_aniso, CEED_BASIS_NONE,
396                                              sgs_dd_setup_data->grid_aniso_ceed));
397     PetscCallCeed(ceed,
398                   CeedOperatorSetField(op_sgs_dd_outputs, "inverse multiplicity", elem_restr_inv_multiplicity, CEED_BASIS_NONE, inv_multiplicity));
399     PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedOperatorSetField(op_sgs_dd_outputs, "eigenvectors", elem_restr_eigvec, CEED_BASIS_NONE, eigvec));
400     PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedOperatorSetField(op_sgs_dd_outputs, "km_sgs", elem_restr_sgs, CEED_BASIS_NONE, CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE));
401 
402     PetscCall(OperatorApplyContextCreate(sgs_dd_data->dm_dd_outputs, sgs_dd_data->dm_sgs, ceed, op_sgs_dd_outputs, NULL, sgs_dd_data->sgs_nodal_ceed,
403                                          NULL, NULL, &sgs_dd_data->op_nodal_dd_outputs_ctx));
404     PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedOperatorDestroy(&op_sgs_dd_outputs));
405     PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionDestroy(&qf_sgs_dd_outputs));
406   }
407 
408   sgs_dd_data->sgs_nodal_eval = SgsDDNodalStressEval_Sequential;
409 
410   if (sgs_dd_setup_data->sgs_dd_model_implementation == SGS_MODEL_DD_SEQENTIAL_CEED) {
411     sgs_dd_data->sgs_nodal_inference = SgsDDNodalStressEval_Sequential_Ceed;
412     PetscCall(SgsDDSetupNodalEvaluation_Sequential_Ceed(ceed, sgs_dd_data, sgs_dd_setup_data, elem_restr_dd_inputs, elem_restr_dd_outputs,
413                                                         elem_restr_inv_multiplicity, inv_multiplicity, &sgs_dd_data->sgs_nodal_inference_ctx));
414   } else if (sgs_dd_setup_data->sgs_dd_model_implementation == SGS_MODEL_DD_SEQENTIAL_TORCH) {
415     sgs_dd_data->sgs_nodal_inference = SgsDDNodalStressEval_Sequential_Torch;
416     PetscCall(SgsDDSetupNodalEvaluation_Sequential_Torch(ceed, sgs_dd_data, sgs_dd_setup_data, elem_restr_dd_inputs, elem_restr_dd_outputs,
417                                                          elem_restr_inv_multiplicity, inv_multiplicity, &sgs_dd_data->sgs_nodal_inference_ctx));
418   }
419 
420   sgs_dd_setup_data->elem_restr_sgs = elem_restr_sgs;
421 
422   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedVectorDestroy(&inv_multiplicity));
423   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedVectorDestroy(&eigvec));
424   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&elem_restr_inv_multiplicity));
425   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&elem_restr_eigvec));
426   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&elem_restr_dd_inputs));
427   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&elem_restr_dd_outputs));
428   PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
429 }
430 
431 // @brief Create CeedOperator to compute SGS contribution to the residual
432 static PetscErrorCode SgsSetupNodalIFunction(Ceed ceed, User user, CeedData ceed_data, SgsDDSetupData sgs_dd_setup_data) {
433   SgsDDData           sgs_dd_data = user->sgs_dd_data;
434   CeedInt             num_comp_q, q_data_size, num_comp_x;
435   PetscInt            dim;
436   CeedQFunction       qf_sgs_apply;
437   CeedOperator        op_sgs_apply;
438   CeedBasis           basis_sgs;
439   CeedVector          q_data;
440   CeedElemRestriction elem_restr_qd;
441 
442   PetscFunctionBeginUser;
443   PetscCall(DMGetDimension(user->dm, &dim));
444   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedElemRestrictionGetNumComponents(ceed_data->elem_restr_q, &num_comp_q));
445   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedElemRestrictionGetNumComponents(ceed_data->elem_restr_x, &num_comp_x));
446 
447   {
448     DMLabel  domain_label = NULL;
449     PetscInt label_value = 0, height = 0, dm_field = 0;
450 
451     PetscCall(CreateBasisFromPlex(ceed, sgs_dd_data->dm_sgs, domain_label, label_value, height, dm_field, &basis_sgs));
452     PetscCall(QDataGet(ceed, sgs_dd_data->dm_sgs, domain_label, label_value, ceed_data->elem_restr_x, ceed_data->basis_x, ceed_data->x_coord,
453                        &elem_restr_qd, &q_data, &q_data_size));
454   }
455 
456   switch (user->phys->state_var) {
457     case STATEVAR_PRIMITIVE:
458       PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionCreateInterior(ceed, 1, IFunction_NodalSgs_Prim, IFunction_NodalSgs_Prim_loc, &qf_sgs_apply));
459       break;
460     case STATEVAR_CONSERVATIVE:
461       PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionCreateInterior(ceed, 1, IFunction_NodalSgs_Conserv, IFunction_NodalSgs_Conserv_loc, &qf_sgs_apply));
462       break;
463     case STATEVAR_ENTROPY:
464       PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionCreateInterior(ceed, 1, IFunction_NodalSgs_Entropy, IFunction_NodalSgs_Entropy_loc, &qf_sgs_apply));
465       break;
466   }
467 
468   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionSetContext(qf_sgs_apply, sgs_dd_setup_data->ifunction_qfctx));
469   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionAddInput(qf_sgs_apply, "q", num_comp_q, CEED_EVAL_INTERP));
470   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionAddInput(qf_sgs_apply, "qdata", q_data_size, CEED_EVAL_NONE));
471   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionAddInput(qf_sgs_apply, "km_sgs", sgs_dd_data->num_comp_sgs, CEED_EVAL_INTERP));
472   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionAddOutput(qf_sgs_apply, "Grad_v", num_comp_q * dim, CEED_EVAL_GRAD));
473 
474   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedOperatorCreate(ceed, qf_sgs_apply, NULL, NULL, &op_sgs_apply));
475   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedOperatorSetField(op_sgs_apply, "q", ceed_data->elem_restr_q, ceed_data->basis_q, CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE));
476   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedOperatorSetField(op_sgs_apply, "qdata", elem_restr_qd, CEED_BASIS_NONE, q_data));
477   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedOperatorSetField(op_sgs_apply, "km_sgs", sgs_dd_setup_data->elem_restr_sgs, basis_sgs, sgs_dd_data->sgs_nodal_ceed));
478   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedOperatorSetField(op_sgs_apply, "Grad_v", ceed_data->elem_restr_q, ceed_data->basis_q, CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE));
479 
480   PetscCall(
481       OperatorApplyContextCreate(user->dm, user->dm, ceed, op_sgs_apply, user->q_ceed, user->g_ceed, NULL, NULL, &sgs_dd_data->op_sgs_apply_ctx));
482 
483   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedVectorDestroy(&q_data));
484   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&elem_restr_qd));
485   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedBasisDestroy(&basis_sgs));
486   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedOperatorDestroy(&op_sgs_apply));
487   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionDestroy(&qf_sgs_apply));
488   PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
489 }
490 
491 // @brief Calculate and add data-driven SGS residual to the global residual
492 PetscErrorCode SgsDDApplyIFunction(User user, const Vec Q_loc, Vec G_loc) {
493   SgsDDData    sgs_dd_data = user->sgs_dd_data;
494   Vec          VelocityGradient, SGSNodal_loc;
495   PetscMemType sgs_nodal_mem_type;
496 
497   PetscFunctionBeginUser;
498   PetscCall(PetscLogEventBegin(FLUIDS_SgsModel, Q_loc, G_loc, NULL, NULL));
499   PetscCall(DMGetGlobalVector(user->grad_velo_proj->dm, &VelocityGradient));
500   PetscCall(VelocityGradientProjectionApply(user->grad_velo_proj, Q_loc, VelocityGradient));
501 
502   // -- Compute Nodal SGS tensor
503   PetscCall(DMGetLocalVector(sgs_dd_data->dm_sgs, &SGSNodal_loc));
504   PetscCall(sgs_dd_data->sgs_nodal_eval(user, Q_loc, VelocityGradient, SGSNodal_loc));
505 
506   // -- Compute contribution of the SGS stress
507   PetscCall(VecPetscToCeed(SGSNodal_loc, &sgs_nodal_mem_type, sgs_dd_data->sgs_nodal_ceed));  // sgs_nodal_ceed is an implicit input
508   PetscCall(ApplyAddCeedOperatorLocalToLocal(Q_loc, G_loc, sgs_dd_data->op_sgs_apply_ctx));
509 
510   // -- Return local SGS vector
511   PetscCall(VecCeedToPetsc(sgs_dd_data->sgs_nodal_ceed, sgs_nodal_mem_type, SGSNodal_loc));
512   PetscCall(DMRestoreLocalVector(sgs_dd_data->dm_sgs, &SGSNodal_loc));
513   PetscCall(DMRestoreGlobalVector(user->grad_velo_proj->dm, &VelocityGradient));
514   PetscCall(PetscLogEventEnd(FLUIDS_SgsModel, Q_loc, G_loc, NULL, NULL));
515   PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
516 }
517 
518 // @brief B = A^T, A is NxM, B is MxN
519 static PetscErrorCode TransposeMatrix(const PetscScalar *A, PetscScalar *B, const PetscInt N, const PetscInt M) {
520   PetscFunctionBeginUser;
521   for (PetscInt i = 0; i < N; i++) {
522     for (PetscInt j = 0; j < M; j++) {
523       B[j * N + i] = A[i * M + j];
524     }
525   }
526   PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
527 }
528 
529 // @brief Read neural network coefficients from file and put into context struct
530 static PetscErrorCode SgsDDContextFill(MPI_Comm comm, char data_dir[PETSC_MAX_PATH_LEN], SgsDDContext *psgsdd_ctx) {
531   SgsDDContext sgsdd_ctx;
532   PetscInt     num_inputs = (*psgsdd_ctx)->num_inputs, num_outputs = (*psgsdd_ctx)->num_outputs, num_neurons = (*psgsdd_ctx)->num_neurons;
533   char         file_path[PETSC_MAX_PATH_LEN];
534   PetscScalar *temp;
535 
536   PetscFunctionBeginUser;
537   {
538     SgsDDContext sgsdd_temp;
539     PetscCall(PetscNew(&sgsdd_temp));
540     *sgsdd_temp                     = **psgsdd_ctx;
541     sgsdd_temp->offsets.bias1       = 0;
542     sgsdd_temp->offsets.bias2       = sgsdd_temp->offsets.bias1 + num_neurons;
543     sgsdd_temp->offsets.weight1     = sgsdd_temp->offsets.bias2 + num_neurons;
544     sgsdd_temp->offsets.weight2     = sgsdd_temp->offsets.weight1 + num_neurons * num_inputs;
545     sgsdd_temp->offsets.out_scaling = sgsdd_temp->offsets.weight2 + num_inputs * num_neurons;
546     PetscInt total_num_scalars      = sgsdd_temp->offsets.out_scaling + 2 * num_outputs;
547     sgsdd_temp->total_bytes         = sizeof(*sgsdd_ctx) + total_num_scalars * sizeof(sgsdd_ctx->data[0]);
548     PetscCall(PetscMalloc(sgsdd_temp->total_bytes, &sgsdd_ctx));
549     *sgsdd_ctx = *sgsdd_temp;
550     PetscCall(PetscFree(sgsdd_temp));
551   }
552 
553   PetscCall(PetscSNPrintf(file_path, sizeof file_path, "%s/%s", data_dir, "b1.dat"));
554   PetscCall(PhastaDatFileReadToArrayReal(comm, file_path, &sgsdd_ctx->data[sgsdd_ctx->offsets.bias1]));
555   PetscCall(PetscSNPrintf(file_path, sizeof file_path, "%s/%s", data_dir, "b2.dat"));
556   PetscCall(PhastaDatFileReadToArrayReal(comm, file_path, &sgsdd_ctx->data[sgsdd_ctx->offsets.bias2]));
557   PetscCall(PetscSNPrintf(file_path, sizeof file_path, "%s/%s", data_dir, "OutScaling.dat"));
558   PetscCall(PhastaDatFileReadToArrayReal(comm, file_path, &sgsdd_ctx->data[sgsdd_ctx->offsets.out_scaling]));
559 
560   {
561     PetscCall(PetscMalloc1(num_inputs * num_neurons, &temp));
562     PetscCall(PetscSNPrintf(file_path, sizeof file_path, "%s/%s", data_dir, "w1.dat"));
563     PetscCall(PhastaDatFileReadToArrayReal(comm, file_path, temp));
564     PetscCall(TransposeMatrix(temp, &sgsdd_ctx->data[sgsdd_ctx->offsets.weight1], num_inputs, num_neurons));
565     PetscCall(PetscFree(temp));
566   }
567   {
568     PetscCall(PetscMalloc1(num_outputs * num_neurons, &temp));
569     PetscCall(PetscSNPrintf(file_path, sizeof file_path, "%s/%s", data_dir, "w2.dat"));
570     PetscCall(PhastaDatFileReadToArrayReal(comm, file_path, temp));
571     PetscCall(TransposeMatrix(temp, &sgsdd_ctx->data[sgsdd_ctx->offsets.weight2], num_neurons, num_outputs));
572     PetscCall(PetscFree(temp));
573   }
574 
575   PetscCall(PetscFree(*psgsdd_ctx));
576   *psgsdd_ctx = sgsdd_ctx;
577   PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
578 }
579 
580 PetscErrorCode SgsDDSetup(Ceed ceed, User user, CeedData ceed_data, ProblemData problem) {
581   PetscReal                alpha = 0;
582   SgsDDContext             sgsdd_ctx;
583   MPI_Comm                 comm                           = user->comm;
584   char                     sgs_dd_dir[PETSC_MAX_PATH_LEN] = "./dd_sgs_parameters";
585   SgsDDSetupData           sgs_dd_setup_data;
586   NewtonianIdealGasContext gas;
587 
588   PetscFunctionBeginUser;
589   PetscCall(VelocityGradientProjectionSetup(ceed, user, ceed_data, problem, user->phys->state_var, ceed_data->elem_restr_q, ceed_data->basis_q,
590                                             &user->grad_velo_proj));
591 
592   PetscCall(PetscNew(&user->sgs_dd_data));
593   user->sgs_dd_data->num_comp_inputs  = 6;
594   user->sgs_dd_data->num_comp_outputs = 6;
595 
596   PetscCall(PetscNew(&sgs_dd_setup_data));
597 
598   PetscOptionsBegin(comm, NULL, "SGS Data-Driven Model Options", NULL);
599   PetscCall(PetscOptionsReal("-sgs_model_dd_leakyrelu_alpha", "Slope parameter for Leaky ReLU activation function", NULL, alpha, &alpha, NULL));
600   PetscCall(PetscOptionsString("-sgs_model_dd_parameter_dir", "Path to directory with model parameters (weights, biases, etc.)", NULL, sgs_dd_dir,
601                                sgs_dd_dir, sizeof(sgs_dd_dir), NULL));
602   PetscCall(PetscOptionsDeprecated("-sgs_model_dd_use_fused", NULL, "libCEED 0.12.0", "Use -sgs_model_dd_type instead"));
603   sgs_dd_setup_data->sgs_dd_model_implementation = SGS_MODEL_DD_FUSED;
604   PetscCall(PetscOptionsEnum("-sgs_model_dd_implementation", "Data-Driven SGS model implementation", NULL, SGSModelDDImplementations,
605                              (PetscEnum)sgs_dd_setup_data->sgs_dd_model_implementation, (PetscEnum *)&sgs_dd_setup_data->sgs_dd_model_implementation,
606                              NULL));
607   PetscOptionsEnd();
608 
609   PetscCall(PetscNew(&sgsdd_ctx));
610   sgsdd_ctx->num_layers  = 1;
611   sgsdd_ctx->num_inputs  = 6;
612   sgsdd_ctx->num_outputs = 6;
613   sgsdd_ctx->num_neurons = 20;
614   sgsdd_ctx->alpha       = alpha;
615 
616   PetscCall(SgsDDContextFill(comm, sgs_dd_dir, &sgsdd_ctx));
617 
618   // -- Create DM for storing SGS tensor at nodes
619   PetscCall(SgsDDCreateDM(user->dm, &user->sgs_dd_data->dm_sgs, user->app_ctx->degree, user->app_ctx->q_extra, &user->sgs_dd_data->num_comp_sgs));
620 
621   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionContextGetDataRead(problem->apply_vol_ifunction.qfctx, CEED_MEM_HOST, &gas));
622   sgsdd_ctx->gas = *gas;
623   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionContextRestoreDataRead(problem->apply_vol_ifunction.qfctx, &gas));
624   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionContextCreate(user->ceed, &sgs_dd_setup_data->sgsdd_qfctx));
625   PetscCallCeed(ceed,
626                 CeedQFunctionContextSetData(sgs_dd_setup_data->sgsdd_qfctx, CEED_MEM_HOST, CEED_USE_POINTER, sgsdd_ctx->total_bytes, sgsdd_ctx));
627   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionContextSetDataDestroy(sgs_dd_setup_data->sgsdd_qfctx, CEED_MEM_HOST, FreeContextPetsc));
628 
629   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionContextReferenceCopy(problem->apply_vol_ifunction.qfctx, &sgs_dd_setup_data->ifunction_qfctx));
630 
631   // -- Compute and store anisotropy tensor
632   PetscCall(GridAnisotropyTensorProjectionSetupApply(ceed, user, ceed_data, &sgs_dd_setup_data->elem_restr_grid_aniso,
633                                                      &sgs_dd_setup_data->grid_aniso_ceed));
634 
635   // -- Create Nodal Evaluation Operator
636   switch (sgs_dd_setup_data->sgs_dd_model_implementation) {
637     case SGS_MODEL_DD_FUSED:
638       PetscCall(SgsDDSetupNodalEvaluation_Fused(ceed, user, ceed_data, sgs_dd_setup_data));
639       break;
640     case SGS_MODEL_DD_SEQENTIAL_CEED:
641     case SGS_MODEL_DD_SEQENTIAL_TORCH:
642       PetscCall(SgsDDSetupNodalEvaluation_Sequential(ceed, user, ceed_data, sgs_dd_setup_data));
643       break;
644   }
645 
646   // -- Create Operator to evalutate residual of SGS stress
647   PetscCall(SgsSetupNodalIFunction(ceed, user, ceed_data, sgs_dd_setup_data));
648 
649   PetscCall(SgsDDSetupDataDestroy(sgs_dd_setup_data));
650   PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
651 }
652 
653 PetscErrorCode SgsDDDataDestroy(SgsDDData sgs_dd_data) {
654   PetscFunctionBeginUser;
655   if (!sgs_dd_data) PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
656   Ceed ceed = sgs_dd_data->op_sgs_apply_ctx->ceed;
657 
658   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedVectorDestroy(&sgs_dd_data->sgs_nodal_ceed));
659   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedVectorDestroy(&sgs_dd_data->grad_velo_ceed));
660   PetscCall(OperatorApplyContextDestroy(sgs_dd_data->op_nodal_evaluation_ctx));
661   PetscCall(OperatorApplyContextDestroy(sgs_dd_data->op_sgs_apply_ctx));
662   PetscCall(OperatorApplyContextDestroy(sgs_dd_data->op_nodal_dd_inputs_ctx));
663   PetscCall(OperatorApplyContextDestroy(sgs_dd_data->op_nodal_dd_outputs_ctx));
664   PetscCall(DMDestroy(&sgs_dd_data->dm_sgs));
665   PetscCall(DMDestroy(&sgs_dd_data->dm_dd_inputs));
666   PetscCall(DMDestroy(&sgs_dd_data->dm_dd_outputs));
667   if (sgs_dd_data->sgs_nodal_inference_ctx) PetscCall(sgs_dd_data->sgs_nodal_inference_ctx_destroy(sgs_dd_data->sgs_nodal_inference_ctx));
668   PetscCall(PetscFree(sgs_dd_data));
669   PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
670 }
671