xref: /honee/problems/sgs_dd_model.c (revision f5d9ab20259df9971ed29dcda28fda823e4ccfd9)
1 // SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright (c) 2017-2024, HONEE contributors.
2 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 OR BSD-2-Clause
3 
4 #include "../qfunctions/sgs_dd_model.h"
5 
6 #include <petscdmplex.h>
7 
8 #include <navierstokes.h>
9 #include <sgs_model_torch.h>
10 
11 typedef PetscErrorCode (*SgsDDNodalStressEval)(Honee honee, Vec Q_loc, Vec VelocityGradient, Vec SGSNodal_loc);
12 typedef PetscErrorCode (*SgsDDNodalStressInference)(Vec DD_Inputs_loc, Vec DD_Outputs_loc, void *ctx);
13 typedef struct {
14   DM                        dm_sgs, dm_dd_inputs, dm_dd_outputs;
15   PetscInt                  num_comp_sgs, num_comp_inputs, num_comp_outputs;
16   OperatorApplyContext      op_nodal_evaluation_ctx, op_nodal_dd_inputs_ctx, op_nodal_dd_outputs_ctx, op_sgs_apply_ctx;
17   CeedVector                sgs_nodal_ceed, grad_velo_ceed;
18   SgsDDNodalStressEval      sgs_nodal_eval;
19   SgsDDNodalStressInference sgs_nodal_inference;
20   void                     *sgs_nodal_inference_ctx;
21   PetscCtxDestroyFn        *sgs_nodal_inference_ctx_destroy;
22 } *SgsDDData;
23 
24 // @brief Destroy `SgsDDData` object
25 static PetscErrorCode SgsDDDataDestroy(SgsDDData *sgs_dd_data) {
26   SgsDDData sgs_dd_data_ = *sgs_dd_data;
27 
28   PetscFunctionBeginUser;
29   if (!sgs_dd_data_) PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
30   Ceed ceed = sgs_dd_data_->op_sgs_apply_ctx->ceed;
31 
32   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedVectorDestroy(&sgs_dd_data_->sgs_nodal_ceed));
33   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedVectorDestroy(&sgs_dd_data_->grad_velo_ceed));
34   PetscCall(OperatorApplyContextDestroy(sgs_dd_data_->op_nodal_evaluation_ctx));
35   PetscCall(OperatorApplyContextDestroy(sgs_dd_data_->op_sgs_apply_ctx));
36   PetscCall(OperatorApplyContextDestroy(sgs_dd_data_->op_nodal_dd_inputs_ctx));
37   PetscCall(OperatorApplyContextDestroy(sgs_dd_data_->op_nodal_dd_outputs_ctx));
38   PetscCall(DMDestroy(&sgs_dd_data_->dm_sgs));
39   PetscCall(DMDestroy(&sgs_dd_data_->dm_dd_inputs));
40   PetscCall(DMDestroy(&sgs_dd_data_->dm_dd_outputs));
41   if (sgs_dd_data_->sgs_nodal_inference_ctx) PetscCall(sgs_dd_data_->sgs_nodal_inference_ctx_destroy(sgs_dd_data_->sgs_nodal_inference_ctx));
42   PetscCall(PetscFree(sgs_dd_data_));
43   *sgs_dd_data = NULL;
44   PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
45 }
46 
47 typedef struct {
48   CeedElemRestriction      elem_restr_grid_aniso, elem_restr_sgs;
49   CeedVector               grid_aniso_ceed;
50   CeedQFunctionContext     sgsdd_qfctx, ifunction_qfctx;
51   SGSModelDDImplementation sgs_dd_model_implementation;
52 } *SgsDDSetupData;
53 
54 #define GRAD_VELO_PROJ_KEY "Gradient of Velocity Projection"
55 #define SGS_DD_DATA_KEY "SGS Data Driven Data"
56 
57 PetscErrorCode SgsDDSetupDataDestroy(SgsDDSetupData sgs_dd_setup_data) {
58   Ceed ceed;
59 
60   PetscFunctionBeginUser;
61   PetscCall(CeedElemRestrictionGetCeed(sgs_dd_setup_data->elem_restr_sgs, &ceed));
62 
63   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&sgs_dd_setup_data->elem_restr_grid_aniso));
64   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&sgs_dd_setup_data->elem_restr_sgs));
65   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedVectorDestroy(&sgs_dd_setup_data->grid_aniso_ceed));
66   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionContextDestroy(&sgs_dd_setup_data->sgsdd_qfctx));
67   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionContextDestroy(&sgs_dd_setup_data->ifunction_qfctx));
68   PetscCall(PetscFree(sgs_dd_setup_data));
69   PetscCheck(CeedDestroy(&ceed) == CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS, PETSC_COMM_SELF, PETSC_ERR_LIB, "Destroying Ceed object failed");
70   PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
71 }
72 
73 // @brief Create DM for storing subgrid stress at nodes
74 static PetscErrorCode SgsDDCreateDM(DM dm_source, DM *dm_sgs, PetscInt degree, PetscInt q_extra, PetscInt *num_components) {
75   PetscSection section;
76 
77   PetscFunctionBeginUser;
78   *num_components = 6;
79 
80   PetscCall(DMClone(dm_source, dm_sgs));
81   PetscCall(DMSetMatrixPreallocateSkip(*dm_sgs, PETSC_TRUE));
82   PetscCall(PetscObjectSetName((PetscObject)*dm_sgs, "Subgrid Stress Projection"));
83 
84   PetscCall(DMSetupByOrder_FEM(PETSC_TRUE, PETSC_TRUE, degree, 1, q_extra, 1, num_components, *dm_sgs));
85 
86   PetscCall(DMGetLocalSection(*dm_sgs, &section));
87   PetscCall(PetscSectionSetFieldName(section, 0, ""));
88   PetscCall(PetscSectionSetComponentName(section, 0, 0, "KMSubgridStressXX"));
89   PetscCall(PetscSectionSetComponentName(section, 0, 1, "KMSubgridStressYY"));
90   PetscCall(PetscSectionSetComponentName(section, 0, 2, "KMSubgridStressZZ"));
91   PetscCall(PetscSectionSetComponentName(section, 0, 3, "KMSubgridStressYZ"));
92   PetscCall(PetscSectionSetComponentName(section, 0, 4, "KMSubgridStressXZ"));
93   PetscCall(PetscSectionSetComponentName(section, 0, 5, "KMSubgridStressXY"));
94   PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
95 };
96 
97 // @brief Evaluate data-driven SGS using fused method
98 static PetscErrorCode SgsDDNodalStressEval_Fused(Honee honee, Vec Q_loc, Vec VelocityGradient, Vec SGSNodal_loc) {
99   SgsDDData    sgs_dd_data;
100   PetscMemType q_mem_type;
101 
102   PetscFunctionBeginUser;
103   PetscCall(HoneeGetContainer(honee, SGS_DD_DATA_KEY, &sgs_dd_data));
104   PetscCall(VecPetscToCeed(Q_loc, &q_mem_type, honee->q_ceed));  // q_ceed is an implicit input
105 
106   PetscCall(ApplyCeedOperatorGlobalToLocal(VelocityGradient, SGSNodal_loc, sgs_dd_data->op_nodal_evaluation_ctx));
107 
108   PetscCall(VecCeedToPetsc(honee->q_ceed, q_mem_type, Q_loc));
109   PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
110 }
111 
112 // @brief Create CeedOperator to calculate data-drive SGS at nodes using fused operator
113 static PetscErrorCode SgsDDSetupNodalEvaluation_Fused(Ceed ceed, Honee honee, SgsDDSetupData sgs_dd_setup_data) {
114   SgsDDData           sgs_dd_data;
115   CeedQFunction       qf_sgs_dd_nodal;
116   CeedOperator        op_sgs_dd_nodal;
117   CeedInt             num_comp_q, num_comp_grad_velo, num_comp_grid_aniso;
118   PetscInt            num_comp_x;
119   CeedVector          inv_multiplicity, x_coord;
120   CeedElemRestriction elem_restr_inv_multiplicity, elem_restr_grad_velo, elem_restr_sgs, elem_restr_q, elem_restr_x;
121   CeedBasis           basis_x;
122   PetscInt            height = 0, dm_field = 0;
123   NodalProjectionData grad_velo_proj;
124 
125   PetscFunctionBeginUser;
126   PetscCall(DMPlexCeedElemRestrictionCreate(ceed, honee->dm, DMLABEL_DEFAULT, DMLABEL_DEFAULT_VALUE, 0, 0, &elem_restr_q));
127   PetscCall(DMGetCoordinateNumComps(honee->dm, &num_comp_x));
128   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedElemRestrictionGetNumComponents(elem_restr_q, &num_comp_q));
129   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedElemRestrictionGetNumComponents(sgs_dd_setup_data->elem_restr_grid_aniso, &num_comp_grid_aniso));
130   PetscCall(HoneeGetContainer(honee, SGS_DD_DATA_KEY, &sgs_dd_data));
131   PetscCall(HoneeGetContainer(honee, GRAD_VELO_PROJ_KEY, &grad_velo_proj));
132 
133   {  // Get velocity gradient information
134     CeedOperatorField op_field;
135     PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedOperatorGetFieldByName(grad_velo_proj->l2_rhs_ctx->op, "velocity gradient", &op_field));
136     PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(op_field, &elem_restr_grad_velo));
137     PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedElemRestrictionGetNumComponents(elem_restr_grad_velo, &num_comp_grad_velo));
138   }
139   PetscCall(DMPlexCeedCoordinateCreateField(ceed, honee->dm, DMLABEL_DEFAULT, DMLABEL_DEFAULT_VALUE, 0, &elem_restr_x, &basis_x, &x_coord));
140   PetscCall(DMPlexCeedElemRestrictionCreate(ceed, sgs_dd_data->dm_sgs, DMLABEL_DEFAULT, DMLABEL_DEFAULT_VALUE, height, dm_field, &elem_restr_sgs));
141   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedElemRestrictionCreateVector(elem_restr_sgs, &sgs_dd_data->sgs_nodal_ceed, NULL));
142 
143   PetscCall(GetInverseMultiplicity(ceed, sgs_dd_data->dm_sgs, DMLABEL_DEFAULT, DMLABEL_DEFAULT_VALUE, height, dm_field, PETSC_FALSE,
144                                    &elem_restr_inv_multiplicity, &inv_multiplicity));
145 
146   // -- Create operator for SGS DD model nodal evaluation
147   switch (honee->phys->state_var) {
148     case STATEVAR_PRIMITIVE:
149       PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionCreateInterior(ceed, 1, ComputeSgsDDNodal_Prim, ComputeSgsDDNodal_Prim_loc, &qf_sgs_dd_nodal));
150       break;
151     case STATEVAR_CONSERVATIVE:
152       PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionCreateInterior(ceed, 1, ComputeSgsDDNodal_Conserv, ComputeSgsDDNodal_Conserv_loc, &qf_sgs_dd_nodal));
153       break;
154     case STATEVAR_ENTROPY:
155       PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionCreateInterior(ceed, 1, ComputeSgsDDNodal_Entropy, ComputeSgsDDNodal_Entropy_loc, &qf_sgs_dd_nodal));
156       break;
157   }
158 
159   // Mesh/geometry order and solution basis order may differ, therefore must interpolate
160   CeedBasis basis_x_to_q, basis_q;
161   PetscCall(DMPlexCeedBasisCreate(ceed, honee->dm, DMLABEL_DEFAULT, DMLABEL_DEFAULT_VALUE, 0, 0, &basis_q));
162   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedBasisCreateProjection(basis_x, basis_q, &basis_x_to_q));
163 
164   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionSetContext(qf_sgs_dd_nodal, sgs_dd_setup_data->sgsdd_qfctx));
165   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionAddInput(qf_sgs_dd_nodal, "q", num_comp_q, CEED_EVAL_NONE));
166   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionAddInput(qf_sgs_dd_nodal, "x", num_comp_x, CEED_EVAL_INTERP));
167   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionAddInput(qf_sgs_dd_nodal, "gradient velocity", num_comp_grad_velo, CEED_EVAL_NONE));
168   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionAddInput(qf_sgs_dd_nodal, "anisotropy tensor", num_comp_grid_aniso, CEED_EVAL_NONE));
169   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionAddInput(qf_sgs_dd_nodal, "inverse multiplicity", 1, CEED_EVAL_NONE));
170   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionAddOutput(qf_sgs_dd_nodal, "km_sgs", sgs_dd_data->num_comp_sgs, CEED_EVAL_NONE));
171 
172   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedOperatorCreate(ceed, qf_sgs_dd_nodal, NULL, NULL, &op_sgs_dd_nodal));
173   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedOperatorSetField(op_sgs_dd_nodal, "q", elem_restr_q, CEED_BASIS_NONE, honee->q_ceed));
174   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedOperatorSetField(op_sgs_dd_nodal, "x", elem_restr_x, basis_x_to_q, x_coord));
175   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedOperatorSetField(op_sgs_dd_nodal, "gradient velocity", elem_restr_grad_velo, CEED_BASIS_NONE, CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE));
176   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedOperatorSetField(op_sgs_dd_nodal, "anisotropy tensor", sgs_dd_setup_data->elem_restr_grid_aniso, CEED_BASIS_NONE,
177                                            sgs_dd_setup_data->grid_aniso_ceed));
178   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedOperatorSetField(op_sgs_dd_nodal, "inverse multiplicity", elem_restr_inv_multiplicity, CEED_BASIS_NONE, inv_multiplicity));
179   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedOperatorSetField(op_sgs_dd_nodal, "km_sgs", elem_restr_sgs, CEED_BASIS_NONE, CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE));
180 
181   PetscCall(OperatorApplyContextCreate(grad_velo_proj->dm, sgs_dd_data->dm_sgs, ceed, op_sgs_dd_nodal, NULL, sgs_dd_data->sgs_nodal_ceed, NULL, NULL,
182                                        &sgs_dd_data->op_nodal_evaluation_ctx));
183 
184   sgs_dd_setup_data->elem_restr_sgs = elem_restr_sgs;
185   sgs_dd_data->sgs_nodal_eval       = SgsDDNodalStressEval_Fused;
186 
187   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedVectorDestroy(&inv_multiplicity));
188   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedVectorDestroy(&x_coord));
189   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedBasisDestroy(&basis_x_to_q));
190   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedBasisDestroy(&basis_q));
191   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedBasisDestroy(&basis_x));
192   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&elem_restr_q));
193   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&elem_restr_x));
194   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&elem_restr_inv_multiplicity));
195   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&elem_restr_grad_velo));
196   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionDestroy(&qf_sgs_dd_nodal));
197   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedOperatorDestroy(&op_sgs_dd_nodal));
198   PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
199 }
200 
201 // @brief Setup data-driven model inference using libCEED native implementation
202 static PetscErrorCode SgsDDSetupNodalEvaluation_Sequential_Ceed(Ceed ceed, SgsDDData sgs_dd_data, SgsDDSetupData sgs_dd_setup_data,
203                                                                 CeedElemRestriction elem_restr_dd_inputs, CeedElemRestriction elem_restr_dd_outputs,
204                                                                 CeedElemRestriction elem_restr_inv_multiplicity, CeedVector inv_multiplicity,
205                                                                 void **ctx) {
206   CeedQFunction         qf_sgs_dd_inference;
207   CeedOperator          op_sgs_dd_inference;
208   OperatorApplyContext *op_context = (OperatorApplyContext *)ctx;
209 
210   PetscFunctionBeginUser;
211   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionCreateInterior(ceed, 1, ComputeSgsDDNodal_Sequential_Inference, ComputeSgsDDNodal_Sequential_Inference_loc,
212                                                   &qf_sgs_dd_inference));
213 
214   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionSetContext(qf_sgs_dd_inference, sgs_dd_setup_data->sgsdd_qfctx));
215   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionAddInput(qf_sgs_dd_inference, "model inputs", sgs_dd_data->num_comp_inputs, CEED_EVAL_NONE));
216   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionAddInput(qf_sgs_dd_inference, "inverse multiplicity", 1, CEED_EVAL_NONE));
217   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionAddOutput(qf_sgs_dd_inference, "model outputs", sgs_dd_data->num_comp_outputs, CEED_EVAL_NONE));
218 
219   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedOperatorCreate(ceed, qf_sgs_dd_inference, NULL, NULL, &op_sgs_dd_inference));
220   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedOperatorSetField(op_sgs_dd_inference, "model inputs", elem_restr_dd_inputs, CEED_BASIS_NONE, CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE));
221   PetscCallCeed(ceed,
222                 CeedOperatorSetField(op_sgs_dd_inference, "inverse multiplicity", elem_restr_inv_multiplicity, CEED_BASIS_NONE, inv_multiplicity));
223   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedOperatorSetField(op_sgs_dd_inference, "model outputs", elem_restr_dd_outputs, CEED_BASIS_NONE, CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE));
224 
225   PetscCall(OperatorApplyContextCreate(sgs_dd_data->dm_dd_inputs, sgs_dd_data->dm_dd_outputs, ceed, op_sgs_dd_inference, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL,
226                                        op_context));
227   sgs_dd_data->sgs_nodal_inference_ctx_destroy = (PetscCtxDestroyFn *)OperatorApplyContextDestroy;
228 
229   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedOperatorDestroy(&op_sgs_dd_inference));
230   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionDestroy(&qf_sgs_dd_inference));
231   PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
232 }
233 
234 // @brief Perform data-driven model inference using libCEED native implementation
235 PetscErrorCode SgsDDNodalStressEval_Sequential_Ceed(Vec DD_Inputs_loc, Vec DD_Outputs_loc, void *ctx) {
236   OperatorApplyContext op_context = *(OperatorApplyContext *)ctx;
237 
238   PetscFunctionBeginUser;
239   PetscCall(PetscLogEventBegin(HONEE_SgsModelDDData, DD_Inputs_loc, DD_Outputs_loc, NULL, NULL));
240   PetscCall(PetscLogEventBegin(HONEE_SgsModelDDInference, DD_Inputs_loc, DD_Outputs_loc, NULL, NULL));
241   PetscCall(PetscLogGpuTimeBegin());
242   PetscCall(ApplyCeedOperatorLocalToLocal(DD_Inputs_loc, DD_Outputs_loc, op_context));
243   PetscCall(PetscLogGpuTimeEnd());
244   PetscCall(PetscLogEventEnd(HONEE_SgsModelDDInference, DD_Inputs_loc, DD_Outputs_loc, NULL, NULL));
245   PetscCall(PetscLogEventEnd(HONEE_SgsModelDDData, DD_Inputs_loc, DD_Outputs_loc, NULL, NULL));
246   PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
247 }
248 
249 // @brief Setup data-driven model inference using libtorch
250 static PetscErrorCode SgsDDSetupNodalEvaluation_Sequential_Torch(Ceed ceed, SgsDDData sgs_dd_data, SgsDDSetupData sgs_dd_setup_data,
251                                                                  CeedElemRestriction elem_restr_dd_inputs, CeedElemRestriction elem_restr_dd_outputs,
252                                                                  CeedElemRestriction elem_restr_inv_multiplicity, CeedVector inv_multiplicity,
253                                                                  void **ctx) {
254   const char     *ceed_resource;
255   char            model_path[PETSC_MAX_PATH_LEN] = "";
256   TorchDeviceType model_device_type;
257 
258   PetscFunctionBeginUser;
259   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedGetResource(ceed, &ceed_resource));
260   if (strstr(ceed_resource, "/gpu/cuda")) model_device_type = TORCH_DEVICE_CUDA;
261   else if (strstr(ceed_resource, "/gpu/hip")) model_device_type = TORCH_DEVICE_HIP;
262   // On-device XPU is not working reliably currently, default to CPU inference evaluation
263   // else if (strstr(ceed_resource, "/gpu/sycl")) model_device_type = TORCH_DEVICE_XPU;
264   else model_device_type = TORCH_DEVICE_CPU;
265   PetscCall(PetscOptionsGetEnum(NULL, NULL, "-sgs_model_dd_torch_model_device", TorchDeviceTypes, (PetscEnum *)&model_device_type, NULL));
266   PetscCall(PetscOptionsGetString(NULL, NULL, "-sgs_model_dd_torch_model_path", model_path, sizeof(model_path), NULL));
267 
268   PetscCall(LoadModel_Torch(model_path, model_device_type));
269   PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
270 }
271 
272 // @brief Perform data-driven model inference using libtorch
273 static PetscErrorCode SgsDDNodalStressEval_Sequential_Torch(Vec DD_Inputs_loc, Vec DD_Outputs_loc, void *ctx) {
274   static PetscBool run_through = PETSC_FALSE;
275 
276   PetscFunctionBeginUser;
277   if (!run_through) {
278     PetscCall(VecViewFromOptions(DD_Inputs_loc, NULL, "-dd_inputs_loc_view"));
279   }
280   PetscCall(ModelInference_Torch(DD_Inputs_loc, DD_Outputs_loc));
281   if (!run_through) {
282     PetscCall(VecViewFromOptions(DD_Outputs_loc, NULL, "-dd_outputs_loc_view"));
283     run_through = PETSC_TRUE;
284   }
285   PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
286 }
287 
288 // @brief Evaluate data-driven SGS using sequential method
289 PetscErrorCode SgsDDNodalStressEval_Sequential(Honee honee, Vec Q_loc, Vec VelocityGradient, Vec SGSNodal_loc) {
290   SgsDDData    sgs_dd_data;
291   PetscMemType q_mem_type;
292   Vec          DD_Inputs_loc, DD_Outputs_loc;
293 
294   PetscFunctionBeginUser;
295   PetscCall(HoneeGetContainer(honee, SGS_DD_DATA_KEY, &sgs_dd_data));
296   PetscCall(DMGetLocalVector(sgs_dd_data->dm_dd_inputs, &DD_Inputs_loc));
297   PetscCall(DMGetLocalVector(sgs_dd_data->dm_dd_outputs, &DD_Outputs_loc));
298   PetscCall(VecPetscToCeed(Q_loc, &q_mem_type, honee->q_ceed));  // q_ceed is an implicit input
299 
300   PetscCall(ApplyCeedOperatorGlobalToLocal(VelocityGradient, DD_Inputs_loc, sgs_dd_data->op_nodal_dd_inputs_ctx));
301   PetscCall(sgs_dd_data->sgs_nodal_inference(DD_Inputs_loc, DD_Outputs_loc, &sgs_dd_data->sgs_nodal_inference_ctx));
302   PetscCall(ApplyCeedOperatorLocalToLocal(DD_Outputs_loc, SGSNodal_loc, sgs_dd_data->op_nodal_dd_outputs_ctx));
303 
304   PetscCall(VecCeedToPetsc(honee->q_ceed, q_mem_type, Q_loc));
305   PetscCall(DMRestoreLocalVector(sgs_dd_data->dm_dd_inputs, &DD_Inputs_loc));
306   PetscCall(DMRestoreLocalVector(sgs_dd_data->dm_dd_outputs, &DD_Outputs_loc));
307   PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
308 }
309 
310 // @brief Create CeedOperator to calculate data-drive SGS at nodes using sequentially-applied operators
311 static PetscErrorCode SgsDDSetupNodalEvaluation_Sequential(Ceed ceed, Honee honee, SgsDDSetupData sgs_dd_setup_data) {
312   SgsDDData           sgs_dd_data;
313   CeedInt             num_comp_grad_velo, num_comp_grid_aniso, num_comp_eigvec = 9 + 1;
314   PetscInt            num_comp_x, num_comp_q;
315   CeedVector          inv_multiplicity, eigvec;
316   NodalProjectionData grad_velo_proj;
317   CeedElemRestriction elem_restr_inv_multiplicity, elem_restr_grad_velo, elem_restr_sgs, elem_restr_eigvec, elem_restr_dd_inputs,
318       elem_restr_dd_outputs, elem_restr_q;
319   PetscInt height = 0, dm_field = 0;
320 
321   PetscFunctionBeginUser;
322   PetscCall(HoneeGetContainer(honee, SGS_DD_DATA_KEY, &sgs_dd_data));
323   {  // Create DMs for data-driven input and output values
324     PetscSection section;
325     PetscInt     degree, q_extra;
326     {  // Get degree and number of quadrature points from dm_sgs
327       PetscFE         fe;
328       PetscSpace      basis;
329       PetscQuadrature quadrature;
330       PetscInt        num_qpnts;
331       PetscCall(DMGetField(sgs_dd_data->dm_sgs, 0, NULL, (PetscObject *)&fe));
332       PetscCall(PetscFEGetBasisSpace(fe, &basis));
333       PetscCall(PetscSpaceGetDegree(basis, &degree, NULL));
334       PetscCall(PetscFEGetQuadrature(fe, &quadrature));
335       PetscCall(PetscQuadratureGetOrder(quadrature, &num_qpnts));
336       q_extra = degree - num_qpnts;
337     }
338 
339     PetscCall(DMClone(sgs_dd_data->dm_sgs, &sgs_dd_data->dm_dd_inputs));
340     PetscCall(DMSetMatrixPreallocateSkip(sgs_dd_data->dm_dd_inputs, PETSC_TRUE));
341     PetscCall(PetscObjectSetName((PetscObject)sgs_dd_data->dm_dd_inputs, "Data-Driven Model Inputs"));
342     PetscCall(DMSetupByOrder_FEM(PETSC_TRUE, PETSC_TRUE, degree, 1, q_extra, 1, &sgs_dd_data->num_comp_inputs, sgs_dd_data->dm_dd_inputs));
343     PetscCall(DMGetLocalSection(sgs_dd_data->dm_dd_inputs, &section));
344     PetscCall(PetscSectionSetFieldName(section, 0, ""));
345     for (CeedInt i = 0; i < sgs_dd_data->num_comp_inputs; i++) {
346       char component_name[PETSC_MAX_PATH_LEN];
347 
348       PetscCall(PetscSNPrintf(component_name, sizeof component_name, "DataDrivenInput%" CeedInt_FMT, i + 1));
349       PetscCall(PetscSectionSetComponentName(section, 0, i, component_name));
350     }
351 
352     PetscCall(DMClone(sgs_dd_data->dm_sgs, &sgs_dd_data->dm_dd_outputs));
353     PetscCall(DMSetMatrixPreallocateSkip(sgs_dd_data->dm_dd_outputs, PETSC_TRUE));
354     PetscCall(PetscObjectSetName((PetscObject)sgs_dd_data->dm_dd_outputs, "Data-Driven Model Outputs"));
355     PetscCall(DMSetupByOrder_FEM(PETSC_TRUE, PETSC_TRUE, degree, 1, q_extra, 1, &sgs_dd_data->num_comp_outputs, sgs_dd_data->dm_dd_outputs));
356     PetscCall(DMGetLocalSection(sgs_dd_data->dm_dd_outputs, &section));
357     PetscCall(PetscSectionSetFieldName(section, 0, ""));
358     for (CeedInt i = 0; i < sgs_dd_data->num_comp_outputs; i++) {
359       char component_name[PETSC_MAX_PATH_LEN];
360 
361       PetscCall(PetscSNPrintf(component_name, sizeof component_name, "DataDrivenOutput%" CeedInt_FMT, i + 1));
362       PetscCall(PetscSectionSetComponentName(section, 0, i, component_name));
363     }
364   }
365 
366   PetscCall(DMGetCoordinateNumComps(honee->dm, &num_comp_x));
367   PetscCall(DMGetFieldNumComps(honee->dm, 0, &num_comp_q));
368   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedElemRestrictionGetNumComponents(sgs_dd_setup_data->elem_restr_grid_aniso, &num_comp_grid_aniso));
369   PetscCall(HoneeGetContainer(honee, GRAD_VELO_PROJ_KEY, &grad_velo_proj));
370 
371   {  // Get velocity gradient information
372     CeedOperatorField op_field;
373     PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedOperatorGetFieldByName(grad_velo_proj->l2_rhs_ctx->op, "velocity gradient", &op_field));
374     PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(op_field, &elem_restr_grad_velo));
375     PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedElemRestrictionGetNumComponents(elem_restr_grad_velo, &num_comp_grad_velo));
376     PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedElemRestrictionCreateVector(elem_restr_grad_velo, &sgs_dd_data->grad_velo_ceed, NULL));
377   }
378   PetscCall(DMPlexCeedElemRestrictionCreate(ceed, honee->dm, DMLABEL_DEFAULT, DMLABEL_DEFAULT_VALUE, 0, 0, &elem_restr_q));
379   PetscCall(DMPlexCeedElemRestrictionCreate(ceed, sgs_dd_data->dm_sgs, DMLABEL_DEFAULT, DMLABEL_DEFAULT_VALUE, height, dm_field, &elem_restr_sgs));
380   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedElemRestrictionCreateVector(elem_restr_sgs, &sgs_dd_data->sgs_nodal_ceed, NULL));
381   PetscCall(DMPlexCeedElemRestrictionCollocatedCreate(ceed, sgs_dd_data->dm_sgs, DMLABEL_DEFAULT, DMLABEL_DEFAULT_VALUE, height, num_comp_eigvec,
382                                                       &elem_restr_eigvec));
383   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedElemRestrictionCreateVector(elem_restr_eigvec, &eigvec, NULL));
384 
385   PetscCall(DMPlexCeedElemRestrictionCreate(ceed, sgs_dd_data->dm_dd_inputs, DMLABEL_DEFAULT, DMLABEL_DEFAULT_VALUE, height, dm_field,
386                                             &elem_restr_dd_inputs));
387   PetscCall(DMPlexCeedElemRestrictionCreate(ceed, sgs_dd_data->dm_dd_outputs, DMLABEL_DEFAULT, DMLABEL_DEFAULT_VALUE, height, dm_field,
388                                             &elem_restr_dd_outputs));
389 
390   PetscCall(GetInverseMultiplicity(ceed, sgs_dd_data->dm_sgs, DMLABEL_DEFAULT, DMLABEL_DEFAULT_VALUE, height, dm_field, PETSC_FALSE,
391                                    &elem_restr_inv_multiplicity, &inv_multiplicity));
392 
393   {  // Create operator for data-driven input evaluation
394     CeedQFunction qf_sgs_dd_inputs;
395     CeedOperator  op_sgs_dd_inputs;
396 
397     switch (honee->phys->state_var) {
398       case STATEVAR_PRIMITIVE:
399         PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionCreateInterior(ceed, 1, ComputeSgsDDNodal_Sequential_Inputs_Prim,
400                                                         ComputeSgsDDNodal_Sequential_Inputs_Prim_loc, &qf_sgs_dd_inputs));
401         break;
402       case STATEVAR_CONSERVATIVE:
403         PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionCreateInterior(ceed, 1, ComputeSgsDDNodal_Sequential_Inputs_Conserv,
404                                                         ComputeSgsDDNodal_Sequential_Inputs_Conserv_loc, &qf_sgs_dd_inputs));
405         break;
406       case STATEVAR_ENTROPY:
407         PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionCreateInterior(ceed, 1, ComputeSgsDDNodal_Sequential_Inputs_Entropy,
408                                                         ComputeSgsDDNodal_Sequential_Inputs_Entropy_loc, &qf_sgs_dd_inputs));
409         break;
410     }
411 
412     PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionSetContext(qf_sgs_dd_inputs, sgs_dd_setup_data->sgsdd_qfctx));
413     PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionAddInput(qf_sgs_dd_inputs, "q", num_comp_q, CEED_EVAL_NONE));
414     PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionAddInput(qf_sgs_dd_inputs, "gradient velocity", num_comp_grad_velo, CEED_EVAL_NONE));
415     PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionAddInput(qf_sgs_dd_inputs, "anisotropy tensor", num_comp_grid_aniso, CEED_EVAL_NONE));
416     PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionAddInput(qf_sgs_dd_inputs, "inverse multiplicity", 1, CEED_EVAL_NONE));
417     PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionAddOutput(qf_sgs_dd_inputs, "eigenvectors", num_comp_eigvec, CEED_EVAL_NONE));
418     PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionAddOutput(qf_sgs_dd_inputs, "model inputs", sgs_dd_data->num_comp_inputs, CEED_EVAL_NONE));
419 
420     PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedOperatorCreate(ceed, qf_sgs_dd_inputs, NULL, NULL, &op_sgs_dd_inputs));
421     PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedOperatorSetField(op_sgs_dd_inputs, "q", elem_restr_q, CEED_BASIS_NONE, honee->q_ceed));
422     PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedOperatorSetField(op_sgs_dd_inputs, "gradient velocity", elem_restr_grad_velo, CEED_BASIS_NONE, CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE));
423     PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedOperatorSetField(op_sgs_dd_inputs, "anisotropy tensor", sgs_dd_setup_data->elem_restr_grid_aniso, CEED_BASIS_NONE,
424                                              sgs_dd_setup_data->grid_aniso_ceed));
425     PetscCallCeed(ceed,
426                   CeedOperatorSetField(op_sgs_dd_inputs, "inverse multiplicity", elem_restr_inv_multiplicity, CEED_BASIS_NONE, inv_multiplicity));
427     PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedOperatorSetField(op_sgs_dd_inputs, "eigenvectors", elem_restr_eigvec, CEED_BASIS_NONE, eigvec));
428     PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedOperatorSetField(op_sgs_dd_inputs, "model inputs", elem_restr_dd_inputs, CEED_BASIS_NONE, CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE));
429 
430     PetscCall(OperatorApplyContextCreate(grad_velo_proj->dm, sgs_dd_data->dm_dd_inputs, ceed, op_sgs_dd_inputs, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL,
431                                          &sgs_dd_data->op_nodal_dd_inputs_ctx));
432     PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedOperatorDestroy(&op_sgs_dd_inputs));
433     PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionDestroy(&qf_sgs_dd_inputs));
434   }
435 
436   {  // Create operator for data-driven output handling
437     CeedQFunction qf_sgs_dd_outputs;
438     CeedOperator  op_sgs_dd_outputs;
439 
440     PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionCreateInterior(ceed, 1, ComputeSgsDDNodal_Sequential_Outputs, ComputeSgsDDNodal_Sequential_Outputs_loc,
441                                                     &qf_sgs_dd_outputs));
442     PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionSetContext(qf_sgs_dd_outputs, sgs_dd_setup_data->sgsdd_qfctx));
443     PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionAddInput(qf_sgs_dd_outputs, "model outputs", sgs_dd_data->num_comp_outputs, CEED_EVAL_NONE));
444     PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionAddInput(qf_sgs_dd_outputs, "anisotropy tensor", num_comp_grid_aniso, CEED_EVAL_NONE));
445     PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionAddInput(qf_sgs_dd_outputs, "inverse multiplicity", 1, CEED_EVAL_NONE));
446     PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionAddInput(qf_sgs_dd_outputs, "eigenvectors", num_comp_eigvec, CEED_EVAL_NONE));
447     PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionAddOutput(qf_sgs_dd_outputs, "km_sgs", sgs_dd_data->num_comp_sgs, CEED_EVAL_NONE));
448 
449     PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedOperatorCreate(ceed, qf_sgs_dd_outputs, NULL, NULL, &op_sgs_dd_outputs));
450     PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedOperatorSetField(op_sgs_dd_outputs, "model outputs", elem_restr_dd_outputs, CEED_BASIS_NONE, CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE));
451     PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedOperatorSetField(op_sgs_dd_outputs, "anisotropy tensor", sgs_dd_setup_data->elem_restr_grid_aniso, CEED_BASIS_NONE,
452                                              sgs_dd_setup_data->grid_aniso_ceed));
453     PetscCallCeed(ceed,
454                   CeedOperatorSetField(op_sgs_dd_outputs, "inverse multiplicity", elem_restr_inv_multiplicity, CEED_BASIS_NONE, inv_multiplicity));
455     PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedOperatorSetField(op_sgs_dd_outputs, "eigenvectors", elem_restr_eigvec, CEED_BASIS_NONE, eigvec));
456     PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedOperatorSetField(op_sgs_dd_outputs, "km_sgs", elem_restr_sgs, CEED_BASIS_NONE, CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE));
457 
458     PetscCall(OperatorApplyContextCreate(sgs_dd_data->dm_dd_outputs, sgs_dd_data->dm_sgs, ceed, op_sgs_dd_outputs, NULL, sgs_dd_data->sgs_nodal_ceed,
459                                          NULL, NULL, &sgs_dd_data->op_nodal_dd_outputs_ctx));
460     PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedOperatorDestroy(&op_sgs_dd_outputs));
461     PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionDestroy(&qf_sgs_dd_outputs));
462   }
463 
464   sgs_dd_data->sgs_nodal_eval = SgsDDNodalStressEval_Sequential;
465 
466   if (sgs_dd_setup_data->sgs_dd_model_implementation == SGS_MODEL_DD_SEQENTIAL_CEED) {
467     sgs_dd_data->sgs_nodal_inference = SgsDDNodalStressEval_Sequential_Ceed;
468     PetscCall(SgsDDSetupNodalEvaluation_Sequential_Ceed(ceed, sgs_dd_data, sgs_dd_setup_data, elem_restr_dd_inputs, elem_restr_dd_outputs,
469                                                         elem_restr_inv_multiplicity, inv_multiplicity, &sgs_dd_data->sgs_nodal_inference_ctx));
470   } else if (sgs_dd_setup_data->sgs_dd_model_implementation == SGS_MODEL_DD_SEQENTIAL_TORCH) {
471     sgs_dd_data->sgs_nodal_inference = SgsDDNodalStressEval_Sequential_Torch;
472     PetscCall(SgsDDSetupNodalEvaluation_Sequential_Torch(ceed, sgs_dd_data, sgs_dd_setup_data, elem_restr_dd_inputs, elem_restr_dd_outputs,
473                                                          elem_restr_inv_multiplicity, inv_multiplicity, &sgs_dd_data->sgs_nodal_inference_ctx));
474   }
475 
476   sgs_dd_setup_data->elem_restr_sgs = elem_restr_sgs;
477 
478   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedVectorDestroy(&inv_multiplicity));
479   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedVectorDestroy(&eigvec));
480   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&elem_restr_inv_multiplicity));
481   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&elem_restr_eigvec));
482   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&elem_restr_dd_inputs));
483   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&elem_restr_dd_outputs));
484   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&elem_restr_grad_velo));
485   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&elem_restr_q));
486   PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
487 }
488 
489 // @brief Create CeedOperator to compute SGS contribution to the residual
490 static PetscErrorCode SgsSetupNodalIFunction(Ceed ceed, Honee honee, SgsDDSetupData sgs_dd_setup_data) {
491   SgsDDData           sgs_dd_data;
492   CeedInt             q_data_size;
493   PetscInt            dim, num_comp_q, num_comp_x;
494   CeedQFunction       qf_sgs_apply;
495   CeedOperator        op_sgs_apply;
496   CeedBasis           basis_sgs, basis_q;
497   CeedVector          q_data;
498   CeedElemRestriction elem_restr_qd, elem_restr_q;
499 
500   PetscFunctionBeginUser;
501   PetscCall(HoneeGetContainer(honee, SGS_DD_DATA_KEY, &sgs_dd_data));
502   PetscCall(DMGetDimension(honee->dm, &dim));
503   PetscCall(DMPlexCeedElemRestrictionCreate(ceed, honee->dm, DMLABEL_DEFAULT, DMLABEL_DEFAULT_VALUE, 0, 0, &elem_restr_q));
504   PetscCall(DMGetFieldNumComps(honee->dm, 0, &num_comp_q));
505   PetscCall(DMGetCoordinateNumComps(honee->dm, &num_comp_x));
506 
507   {
508     PetscInt height = 0, dm_field = 0;
509 
510     PetscCall(DMPlexCeedBasisCreate(ceed, honee->dm, DMLABEL_DEFAULT, DMLABEL_DEFAULT_VALUE, 0, 0, &basis_q));
511     PetscCall(DMPlexCeedBasisCreate(ceed, sgs_dd_data->dm_sgs, DMLABEL_DEFAULT, DMLABEL_DEFAULT_VALUE, height, dm_field, &basis_sgs));
512     PetscCall(QDataGet(ceed, sgs_dd_data->dm_sgs, DMLABEL_DEFAULT, DMLABEL_DEFAULT_VALUE, &elem_restr_qd, &q_data, &q_data_size));
513   }
514 
515   switch (honee->phys->state_var) {
516     case STATEVAR_PRIMITIVE:
517       PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionCreateInterior(ceed, 1, IFunction_NodalSgs_Prim, IFunction_NodalSgs_Prim_loc, &qf_sgs_apply));
518       break;
519     case STATEVAR_CONSERVATIVE:
520       PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionCreateInterior(ceed, 1, IFunction_NodalSgs_Conserv, IFunction_NodalSgs_Conserv_loc, &qf_sgs_apply));
521       break;
522     case STATEVAR_ENTROPY:
523       PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionCreateInterior(ceed, 1, IFunction_NodalSgs_Entropy, IFunction_NodalSgs_Entropy_loc, &qf_sgs_apply));
524       break;
525   }
526 
527   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionSetContext(qf_sgs_apply, sgs_dd_setup_data->ifunction_qfctx));
528   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionAddInput(qf_sgs_apply, "q", num_comp_q, CEED_EVAL_INTERP));
529   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionAddInput(qf_sgs_apply, "qdata", q_data_size, CEED_EVAL_NONE));
530   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionAddInput(qf_sgs_apply, "km_sgs", sgs_dd_data->num_comp_sgs, CEED_EVAL_INTERP));
531   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionAddOutput(qf_sgs_apply, "Grad_v", num_comp_q * dim, CEED_EVAL_GRAD));
532 
533   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedOperatorCreate(ceed, qf_sgs_apply, NULL, NULL, &op_sgs_apply));
534   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedOperatorSetField(op_sgs_apply, "q", elem_restr_q, basis_q, CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE));
535   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedOperatorSetField(op_sgs_apply, "qdata", elem_restr_qd, CEED_BASIS_NONE, q_data));
536   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedOperatorSetField(op_sgs_apply, "km_sgs", sgs_dd_setup_data->elem_restr_sgs, basis_sgs, sgs_dd_data->sgs_nodal_ceed));
537   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedOperatorSetField(op_sgs_apply, "Grad_v", elem_restr_q, basis_q, CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE));
538 
539   PetscCall(OperatorApplyContextCreate(honee->dm, honee->dm, ceed, op_sgs_apply, honee->q_ceed, honee->g_ceed, NULL, NULL,
540                                        &sgs_dd_data->op_sgs_apply_ctx));
541 
542   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedVectorDestroy(&q_data));
543   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&elem_restr_qd));
544   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedBasisDestroy(&basis_sgs));
545   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedOperatorDestroy(&op_sgs_apply));
546   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionDestroy(&qf_sgs_apply));
547   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&elem_restr_q));
548   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedBasisDestroy(&basis_q));
549   PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
550 }
551 
552 // @brief Calculate and add data-driven SGS residual to the global residual
553 PetscErrorCode SgsDDApplyIFunction(Honee honee, const Vec Q_loc, Vec G_loc) {
554   SgsDDData           sgs_dd_data;
555   Vec                 VelocityGradient, SGSNodal_loc;
556   PetscMemType        sgs_nodal_mem_type;
557   NodalProjectionData grad_velo_proj;
558 
559   PetscFunctionBeginUser;
560   PetscCall(PetscLogEventBegin(HONEE_SgsModel, Q_loc, G_loc, NULL, NULL));
561   PetscCall(HoneeGetContainer(honee, SGS_DD_DATA_KEY, &sgs_dd_data));
562   PetscCall(HoneeGetContainer(honee, GRAD_VELO_PROJ_KEY, &grad_velo_proj));
563   PetscCall(DMGetGlobalVector(grad_velo_proj->dm, &VelocityGradient));
564   PetscCall(VelocityGradientProjectionApply(grad_velo_proj, Q_loc, VelocityGradient));
565 
566   // -- Compute Nodal SGS tensor
567   PetscCall(DMGetLocalVector(sgs_dd_data->dm_sgs, &SGSNodal_loc));
568   PetscCall(sgs_dd_data->sgs_nodal_eval(honee, Q_loc, VelocityGradient, SGSNodal_loc));
569 
570   // -- Compute contribution of the SGS stress
571   PetscCall(VecPetscToCeed(SGSNodal_loc, &sgs_nodal_mem_type, sgs_dd_data->sgs_nodal_ceed));  // sgs_nodal_ceed is an implicit input
572   PetscCall(ApplyAddCeedOperatorLocalToLocal(Q_loc, G_loc, sgs_dd_data->op_sgs_apply_ctx));
573 
574   // -- Return local SGS vector
575   PetscCall(VecCeedToPetsc(sgs_dd_data->sgs_nodal_ceed, sgs_nodal_mem_type, SGSNodal_loc));
576   PetscCall(DMRestoreLocalVector(sgs_dd_data->dm_sgs, &SGSNodal_loc));
577   PetscCall(DMRestoreGlobalVector(grad_velo_proj->dm, &VelocityGradient));
578   PetscCall(PetscLogEventEnd(HONEE_SgsModel, Q_loc, G_loc, NULL, NULL));
579   PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
580 }
581 
582 // @brief B = A^T, A is NxM, B is MxN
583 static PetscErrorCode TransposeMatrix(const PetscScalar *A, PetscScalar *B, const PetscInt N, const PetscInt M) {
584   PetscFunctionBeginUser;
585   for (PetscInt i = 0; i < N; i++) {
586     for (PetscInt j = 0; j < M; j++) {
587       B[j * N + i] = A[i * M + j];
588     }
589   }
590   PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
591 }
592 
593 // @brief Read neural network coefficients from file and put into context struct
594 static PetscErrorCode SgsDDContextFill(MPI_Comm comm, char data_dir[PETSC_MAX_PATH_LEN], SgsDDContext *psgsdd_ctx) {
595   SgsDDContext sgsdd_ctx;
596   PetscInt     num_inputs = (*psgsdd_ctx)->num_inputs, num_outputs = (*psgsdd_ctx)->num_outputs, num_neurons = (*psgsdd_ctx)->num_neurons;
597   char         file_path[PETSC_MAX_PATH_LEN];
598   PetscScalar *temp;
599 
600   PetscFunctionBeginUser;
601   {
602     SgsDDContext sgsdd_temp;
603     PetscCall(PetscNew(&sgsdd_temp));
604     *sgsdd_temp                     = **psgsdd_ctx;
605     sgsdd_temp->offsets.bias1       = 0;
606     sgsdd_temp->offsets.bias2       = sgsdd_temp->offsets.bias1 + num_neurons;
607     sgsdd_temp->offsets.weight1     = sgsdd_temp->offsets.bias2 + num_neurons;
608     sgsdd_temp->offsets.weight2     = sgsdd_temp->offsets.weight1 + num_neurons * num_inputs;
609     sgsdd_temp->offsets.out_scaling = sgsdd_temp->offsets.weight2 + num_inputs * num_neurons;
610     PetscInt total_num_scalars      = sgsdd_temp->offsets.out_scaling + 2 * num_outputs;
611     sgsdd_temp->total_bytes         = sizeof(*sgsdd_ctx) + total_num_scalars * sizeof(sgsdd_ctx->data[0]);
612     PetscCall(PetscMalloc(sgsdd_temp->total_bytes, &sgsdd_ctx));
613     *sgsdd_ctx = *sgsdd_temp;
614     PetscCall(PetscFree(sgsdd_temp));
615   }
616 
617   PetscCall(PetscSNPrintf(file_path, sizeof file_path, "%s/%s", data_dir, "b1.dat"));
618   PetscCall(PhastaDatFileReadToArrayReal(comm, file_path, &sgsdd_ctx->data[sgsdd_ctx->offsets.bias1]));
619   PetscCall(PetscSNPrintf(file_path, sizeof file_path, "%s/%s", data_dir, "b2.dat"));
620   PetscCall(PhastaDatFileReadToArrayReal(comm, file_path, &sgsdd_ctx->data[sgsdd_ctx->offsets.bias2]));
621   PetscCall(PetscSNPrintf(file_path, sizeof file_path, "%s/%s", data_dir, "OutScaling.dat"));
622   PetscCall(PhastaDatFileReadToArrayReal(comm, file_path, &sgsdd_ctx->data[sgsdd_ctx->offsets.out_scaling]));
623 
624   {
625     PetscCall(PetscMalloc1(num_inputs * num_neurons, &temp));
626     PetscCall(PetscSNPrintf(file_path, sizeof file_path, "%s/%s", data_dir, "w1.dat"));
627     PetscCall(PhastaDatFileReadToArrayReal(comm, file_path, temp));
628     PetscCall(TransposeMatrix(temp, &sgsdd_ctx->data[sgsdd_ctx->offsets.weight1], num_inputs, num_neurons));
629     PetscCall(PetscFree(temp));
630   }
631   {
632     PetscCall(PetscMalloc1(num_outputs * num_neurons, &temp));
633     PetscCall(PetscSNPrintf(file_path, sizeof file_path, "%s/%s", data_dir, "w2.dat"));
634     PetscCall(PhastaDatFileReadToArrayReal(comm, file_path, temp));
635     PetscCall(TransposeMatrix(temp, &sgsdd_ctx->data[sgsdd_ctx->offsets.weight2], num_neurons, num_outputs));
636     PetscCall(PetscFree(temp));
637   }
638 
639   PetscCall(PetscFree(*psgsdd_ctx));
640   *psgsdd_ctx = sgsdd_ctx;
641   PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
642 }
643 
644 PetscErrorCode SgsDDSetup(Ceed ceed, Honee honee, ProblemData problem) {
645   PetscReal                alpha = 0;
646   SgsDDContext             sgsdd_ctx;
647   MPI_Comm                 comm                           = honee->comm;
648   char                     sgs_dd_dir[PETSC_MAX_PATH_LEN] = "./dd_sgs_parameters";
649   SgsDDSetupData           sgs_dd_setup_data;
650   NewtonianIdealGasContext newt_ctx;
651   NodalProjectionData      grad_velo_proj;
652   SgsDDData                sgs_dd_data;
653 
654   PetscFunctionBeginUser;
655   {
656     CeedElemRestriction elem_restr_q;
657     CeedBasis           basis_q;
658 
659     PetscCall(DMPlexCeedElemRestrictionCreate(ceed, honee->dm, DMLABEL_DEFAULT, DMLABEL_DEFAULT_VALUE, 0, 0, &elem_restr_q));
660     PetscCall(DMPlexCeedBasisCreate(ceed, honee->dm, DMLABEL_DEFAULT, DMLABEL_DEFAULT_VALUE, 0, 0, &basis_q));
661     // TODO: Should probably move the elem_restr_q and basis_q creation to inside the velocity gradient projection setup???
662     PetscCall(VelocityGradientProjectionSetup(ceed, honee, problem, honee->phys->state_var, elem_restr_q, basis_q, &grad_velo_proj));
663     PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&elem_restr_q));
664     PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedBasisDestroy(&basis_q));
665   }
666   PetscCall(HoneeSetContainer(honee, GRAD_VELO_PROJ_KEY, grad_velo_proj, (PetscCtxDestroyFn *)NodalProjectionDataDestroy));
667 
668   PetscCall(PetscNew(&sgs_dd_data));
669   sgs_dd_data->num_comp_inputs  = 6;
670   sgs_dd_data->num_comp_outputs = 6;
671   PetscCall(HoneeSetContainer(honee, SGS_DD_DATA_KEY, sgs_dd_data, (PetscCtxDestroyFn *)SgsDDDataDestroy));
672 
673   PetscCall(PetscNew(&sgs_dd_setup_data));
674 
675   PetscOptionsBegin(comm, NULL, "SGS Data-Driven Model Options", NULL);
676   PetscCall(PetscOptionsReal("-sgs_model_dd_leakyrelu_alpha", "Slope parameter for Leaky ReLU activation function", NULL, alpha, &alpha, NULL));
677   PetscCall(PetscOptionsString("-sgs_model_dd_parameter_dir", "Path to directory with model parameters (weights, biases, etc.)", NULL, sgs_dd_dir,
678                                sgs_dd_dir, sizeof(sgs_dd_dir), NULL));
679   PetscCall(PetscOptionsDeprecated("-sgs_model_dd_use_fused", NULL, "libCEED 0.12.0", "Use -sgs_model_dd_type instead"));
680   sgs_dd_setup_data->sgs_dd_model_implementation = SGS_MODEL_DD_FUSED;
681   PetscCall(PetscOptionsEnum("-sgs_model_dd_implementation", "Data-Driven SGS model implementation", NULL, SGSModelDDImplementations,
682                              (PetscEnum)sgs_dd_setup_data->sgs_dd_model_implementation, (PetscEnum *)&sgs_dd_setup_data->sgs_dd_model_implementation,
683                              NULL));
684   PetscOptionsEnd();
685 
686   PetscCall(PetscNew(&sgsdd_ctx));
687   *sgsdd_ctx = (struct SgsDDContext_){
688       .num_layers  = 1,
689       .num_inputs  = 6,
690       .num_outputs = 6,
691       .num_neurons = 20,
692       .alpha       = alpha,
693   };
694 
695   PetscCall(SgsDDContextFill(comm, sgs_dd_dir, &sgsdd_ctx));
696 
697   // -- Create DM for storing SGS tensor at nodes
698   PetscCall(SgsDDCreateDM(honee->dm, &sgs_dd_data->dm_sgs, honee->app_ctx->degree, honee->app_ctx->q_extra, &sgs_dd_data->num_comp_sgs));
699 
700   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionContextGetDataRead(problem->apply_vol_ifunction.qfctx, CEED_MEM_HOST, &newt_ctx));
701   sgsdd_ctx->newt_ctx = *newt_ctx;
702   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionContextRestoreDataRead(problem->apply_vol_ifunction.qfctx, &newt_ctx));
703   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionContextCreate(honee->ceed, &sgs_dd_setup_data->sgsdd_qfctx));
704   PetscCallCeed(ceed,
705                 CeedQFunctionContextSetData(sgs_dd_setup_data->sgsdd_qfctx, CEED_MEM_HOST, CEED_USE_POINTER, sgsdd_ctx->total_bytes, sgsdd_ctx));
706   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionContextSetDataDestroy(sgs_dd_setup_data->sgsdd_qfctx, CEED_MEM_HOST, FreeContextPetsc));
707 
708   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionContextReferenceCopy(problem->apply_vol_ifunction.qfctx, &sgs_dd_setup_data->ifunction_qfctx));
709 
710   // -- Compute and store anisotropy tensor
711   PetscCall(GridAnisotropyTensorProjectionSetupApply(ceed, honee, &sgs_dd_setup_data->elem_restr_grid_aniso, &sgs_dd_setup_data->grid_aniso_ceed));
712 
713   // -- Create Nodal Evaluation Operator
714   switch (sgs_dd_setup_data->sgs_dd_model_implementation) {
715     case SGS_MODEL_DD_FUSED:
716       PetscCall(SgsDDSetupNodalEvaluation_Fused(ceed, honee, sgs_dd_setup_data));
717       break;
718     case SGS_MODEL_DD_SEQENTIAL_CEED:
719     case SGS_MODEL_DD_SEQENTIAL_TORCH:
720       PetscCall(SgsDDSetupNodalEvaluation_Sequential(ceed, honee, sgs_dd_setup_data));
721       break;
722   }
723 
724   // -- Create Operator to evalutate residual of SGS stress
725   PetscCall(SgsSetupNodalIFunction(ceed, honee, sgs_dd_setup_data));
726 
727   PetscCall(SgsDDSetupDataDestroy(sgs_dd_setup_data));
728   PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
729 }
730