xref: /libCEED/backends/cuda-gen/ceed-cuda-gen-operator-build.cpp (revision b4280a96583940f87169e4a342af92c298f7bcf5)
1 // Copyright (c) 2017-2024, Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC and other CEED contributors.
2 // All Rights Reserved. See the top-level LICENSE and NOTICE files for details.
3 //
4 // SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
5 //
6 // This file is part of CEED:  http://github.com/ceed
7 
8 #define CEED_DEBUG_COLOR 12
9 
10 #include <ceed.h>
11 #include <ceed/backend.h>
12 #include <ceed/jit-tools.h>
13 #include <cuda_runtime.h>
14 
15 #include <iostream>
16 #include <sstream>
17 #include <string>
18 
19 #include "../cuda-ref/ceed-cuda-ref.h"
20 #include "../cuda-shared/ceed-cuda-shared.h"
21 #include "../cuda/ceed-cuda-common.h"
22 #include "../cuda/ceed-cuda-compile.h"
23 #include "ceed-cuda-gen.h"
24 
25 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
26 // Determine type of operator
27 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
28 static int CeedOperatorBuildKernelData_Cuda_gen(Ceed ceed, CeedInt num_input_fields, CeedOperatorField *op_input_fields,
29                                                 CeedQFunctionField *qf_input_fields, CeedInt num_output_fields, CeedOperatorField *op_output_fields,
30                                                 CeedQFunctionField *qf_output_fields, CeedInt *max_P_1d, CeedInt *Q_1d, CeedInt *dim, bool *is_tensor,
31                                                 bool *use_3d_slices) {
32   // Find dim, P_1d, Q_1d
33   *max_P_1d  = 0;
34   *Q_1d      = 0;
35   *dim       = 0;
36   *is_tensor = true;
37   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_input_fields; i++) {
38     CeedBasis basis;
39 
40     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(op_input_fields[i], &basis));
41     if (basis != CEED_BASIS_NONE) {
42       bool    is_field_tensor;
43       CeedInt field_P_1d = 0, field_Q_1d = 0, field_dim = 0;
44 
45       // Collect dim, P_1d, and Q_1d
46       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisIsTensor(basis, &is_field_tensor));
47       CeedCheck(is_field_tensor, ceed, CEED_ERROR_BACKEND, "Backend does not implement operators with non-tensor basis");
48       *is_tensor = *is_tensor && is_field_tensor;
49       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumNodes1D(basis, &field_P_1d));
50       *max_P_1d = CeedIntMax(*max_P_1d, field_P_1d);
51       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetDimension(basis, &field_dim));
52       CeedCheck(*dim == 0 || field_dim == *dim, ceed, CEED_ERROR_BACKEND, "Quadrature spaces must be compatible");
53       *dim = field_dim;
54       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadraturePoints1D(basis, &field_Q_1d));
55       CeedCheck(*Q_1d == 0 || field_Q_1d == *Q_1d, ceed, CEED_ERROR_BACKEND, "Quadrature spaces must be compatible");
56       *Q_1d = field_Q_1d;
57     }
58     CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisDestroy(&basis));
59   }
60   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_output_fields; i++) {
61     CeedBasis basis;
62 
63     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(op_output_fields[i], &basis));
64     if (basis != CEED_BASIS_NONE) {
65       bool    is_field_tensor;
66       CeedInt field_P_1d = 0, field_Q_1d = 0, field_dim = 0;
67 
68       // Collect dim, P_1d, and Q_1d
69       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisIsTensor(basis, &is_field_tensor));
70       CeedCheck(is_field_tensor, ceed, CEED_ERROR_BACKEND, "Backend does not implement operators with non-tensor basis");
71       *is_tensor = *is_tensor && is_field_tensor;
72       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumNodes1D(basis, &field_P_1d));
73       *max_P_1d = CeedIntMax(*max_P_1d, field_P_1d);
74       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetDimension(basis, &field_dim));
75       CeedCheck(*dim == 0 || field_dim == *dim, ceed, CEED_ERROR_BACKEND, "Quadrature spaces must be compatible");
76       *dim = field_dim;
77       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadraturePoints1D(basis, &field_Q_1d));
78       CeedCheck(*Q_1d == 0 || field_Q_1d == *Q_1d, ceed, CEED_ERROR_BACKEND, "Quadrature spaces must be compatible");
79       *Q_1d = field_Q_1d;
80     }
81     CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisDestroy(&basis));
82   }
83 
84   // Only use 3D collocated gradient parallelization strategy when gradient is computed
85   *use_3d_slices = false;
86   if (*dim == 3) {
87     bool was_grad_found = false;
88 
89     for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_input_fields; i++) {
90       CeedEvalMode eval_mode;
91 
92       CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_input_fields[i], &eval_mode));
93       if (eval_mode == CEED_EVAL_GRAD) {
94         CeedBasis_Cuda_shared *basis_data;
95         CeedBasis              basis;
96 
97         CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(op_input_fields[i], &basis));
98         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetData(basis, &basis_data));
99         *use_3d_slices = basis_data->d_collo_grad_1d && (was_grad_found ? *use_3d_slices : true);
100         was_grad_found = true;
101         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisDestroy(&basis));
102       }
103     }
104     for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_output_fields; i++) {
105       CeedEvalMode eval_mode;
106 
107       CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_output_fields[i], &eval_mode));
108       if (eval_mode == CEED_EVAL_GRAD) {
109         CeedBasis_Cuda_shared *basis_data;
110         CeedBasis              basis;
111 
112         CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(op_output_fields[i], &basis));
113         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetData(basis, &basis_data));
114         *use_3d_slices = basis_data->d_collo_grad_1d && (was_grad_found ? *use_3d_slices : true);
115         was_grad_found = true;
116         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisDestroy(&basis));
117       }
118     }
119   }
120   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
121 }
122 
123 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
124 // Setup fields
125 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
126 static int CeedOperatorBuildKernelFieldData_Cuda_gen(std::ostringstream &code, CeedOperator_Cuda_gen *data, CeedInt i, CeedOperatorField op_field,
127                                                      CeedQFunctionField qf_field, CeedInt Q_1d, bool is_input, bool use_3d_slices) {
128   std::string            var_suffix = (is_input ? "_in_" : "_out_") + std::to_string(i);
129   std::string            P_name = "P_1d" + var_suffix, Q_name = "Q_1d";
130   std::string            option_name = (is_input ? "inputs" : "outputs");
131   CeedEvalMode           eval_mode   = CEED_EVAL_NONE;
132   CeedInt                elem_size = 0, num_comp = 0, P_1d = 0;
133   CeedElemRestriction    elem_rstr;
134   CeedBasis_Cuda_shared *basis_data;
135   CeedBasis              basis;
136 
137   code << "  // -- " << (is_input ? "Input" : "Output") << " field " << i << "\n";
138 
139   // Get field data
140   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(op_field, &elem_rstr));
141   if (elem_rstr != CEED_ELEMRESTRICTION_NONE) {
142     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetElementSize(elem_rstr, &elem_size));
143     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetNumComponents(elem_rstr, &num_comp));
144   }
145   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&elem_rstr));
146   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(op_field, &basis));
147   if (basis != CEED_BASIS_NONE) {
148     CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetData(basis, &basis_data));
149     CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumNodes1D(basis, &P_1d));
150   }
151   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_field, &eval_mode));
152 
153   // Set field constants
154   if (eval_mode != CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT) {
155     code << "  const CeedInt " << P_name << " = " << (basis == CEED_BASIS_NONE ? Q_1d : P_1d) << ";\n";
156     code << "  const CeedInt num_comp" << var_suffix << " = " << num_comp << ";\n";
157   }
158   CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisDestroy(&basis));
159 
160   // Load basis data
161   code << "  // EvalMode: " << CeedEvalModes[eval_mode] << "\n";
162   switch (eval_mode) {
163     case CEED_EVAL_NONE:
164       break;
165     case CEED_EVAL_INTERP:
166       if (is_input) data->B.inputs[i] = basis_data->d_interp_1d;
167       else data->B.outputs[i] = basis_data->d_interp_1d;
168       code << "  __shared__ CeedScalar s_B" << var_suffix << "[" << P_1d * Q_1d << "];\n";
169       code << "  LoadMatrix<" << P_name << ", " << Q_name << ">(data, B." << option_name << "[" << i << "], s_B" << var_suffix << ");\n";
170       break;
171     case CEED_EVAL_GRAD:
172       if (is_input) data->B.inputs[i] = basis_data->d_interp_1d;
173       else data->B.outputs[i] = basis_data->d_interp_1d;
174       code << "  __shared__ CeedScalar s_B" << var_suffix << "[" << P_1d * Q_1d << "];\n";
175       code << "  LoadMatrix<" << P_name << ", " << Q_name << ">(data, B." << option_name << "[" << i << "], s_B" << var_suffix << ");\n";
176       if (use_3d_slices) {
177         if (is_input) data->G.inputs[i] = basis_data->d_collo_grad_1d;
178         else data->G.outputs[i] = basis_data->d_collo_grad_1d;
179         code << "  __shared__ CeedScalar s_G" << var_suffix << "[" << Q_1d * Q_1d << "];\n";
180         code << "  LoadMatrix<" << Q_name << ", " << Q_name << ">(data, G." << option_name << "[" << i << "], s_G" << var_suffix << ");\n";
181       } else {
182         bool has_collo_grad = basis_data->d_collo_grad_1d;
183 
184         if (is_input) data->G.inputs[i] = has_collo_grad ? basis_data->d_collo_grad_1d : basis_data->d_grad_1d;
185         else data->G.outputs[i] = has_collo_grad ? basis_data->d_collo_grad_1d : basis_data->d_grad_1d;
186         if (has_collo_grad) {
187           code << "  __shared__ CeedScalar s_G" << var_suffix << "[" << Q_1d * Q_1d << "];\n";
188           code << "  LoadMatrix<" << Q_name << ", " << Q_name << ">(data, G." << option_name << "[" << i << "], s_G" << var_suffix << ");\n";
189         } else {
190           code << "  __shared__ CeedScalar s_G" << var_suffix << "[" << Q_1d * P_1d << "];\n";
191           code << "  LoadMatrix<" << P_name << ", " << Q_name << ">(data, G." << option_name << "[" << i << "], s_G" << var_suffix << ");\n";
192         }
193       }
194       break;
195     case CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT:
196       break;  // No action
197       // LCOV_EXCL_START
198     case CEED_EVAL_DIV:
199     case CEED_EVAL_CURL:
200       break;  // TODO: Not implemented
201               // LCOV_EXCL_STOP
202   }
203   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
204 }
205 
206 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
207 // Restriction
208 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
209 static int CeedOperatorBuildKernelRestriction_Cuda_gen(std::ostringstream &code, CeedOperator_Cuda_gen *data, CeedInt i, CeedInt dim,
210                                                        CeedInt field_input_buffer[], CeedOperatorField op_field, CeedQFunctionField qf_field,
211                                                        CeedInt Q_1d, bool is_input, bool use_3d_slices) {
212   std::string               var_suffix = (is_input ? "_in_" : "_out_") + std::to_string(i);
213   std::string               P_name     = "P_1d" + var_suffix;
214   CeedEvalMode              eval_mode  = CEED_EVAL_NONE;
215   CeedInt                   elem_size = 0, num_comp = 0, P_1d = 0;
216   CeedSize                  l_size;
217   CeedRestrictionType       rstr_type = CEED_RESTRICTION_STANDARD;
218   CeedElemRestriction_Cuda *rstr_data;
219   CeedElemRestriction       elem_rstr;
220   CeedBasis                 basis;
221 
222   // Get field data
223   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(op_field, &elem_rstr));
224   if (elem_rstr != CEED_ELEMRESTRICTION_NONE) {
225     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetType(elem_rstr, &rstr_type));
226     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetElementSize(elem_rstr, &elem_size));
227     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetNumComponents(elem_rstr, &num_comp));
228     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetData(elem_rstr, &rstr_data));
229   }
230   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(op_field, &basis));
231   if (basis != CEED_BASIS_NONE) {
232     CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumNodes1D(basis, &P_1d));
233   }
234   CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisDestroy(&basis));
235   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_field, &eval_mode));
236 
237   // Restriction
238   if (is_input) {
239     // Input
240     if (field_input_buffer[i] != i) {
241       std::string buffer_name = "r_e_in_" + std::to_string(field_input_buffer[i]);
242 
243       // Restriction was already done for previous input
244       code << "    CeedScalar *r_e" << var_suffix << " = " << buffer_name << ";\n";
245     } else if (eval_mode != CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT && !((eval_mode == CEED_EVAL_NONE) && use_3d_slices)) {
246       if (eval_mode == CEED_EVAL_NONE) {
247         // No basis action, so r_e_in_* in also r_q_in_* and needs to be allocated
248         code << "    CeedScalar r_e" << var_suffix << "[num_comp" << var_suffix << "*" << P_name << "];\n";
249       } else {
250         // Otherwise we're using the scratch space
251         code << "    CeedScalar *r_e" << var_suffix << " = r_e_scratch;\n";
252       }
253       switch (rstr_type) {
254         case CEED_RESTRICTION_STANDARD: {
255           CeedInt comp_stride;
256 
257           CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetLVectorSize(elem_rstr, &l_size));
258           code << "    const CeedInt l_size" << var_suffix << " = " << l_size << ";\n";
259           CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetCompStride(elem_rstr, &comp_stride));
260           code << "    // CompStride: " << comp_stride << "\n";
261           data->indices.inputs[i] = (CeedInt *)rstr_data->d_offsets;
262           code << "    ReadLVecStandard" << dim << "d<num_comp" << var_suffix << ", " << comp_stride << ", " << P_name << ">(data, l_size"
263                << var_suffix << ", elem, indices.inputs[" << i << "], d" << var_suffix << ", r_e" << var_suffix << ");\n";
264           break;
265         }
266         case CEED_RESTRICTION_STRIDED: {
267           bool    has_backend_strides;
268           CeedInt num_elem;
269 
270           CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionHasBackendStrides(elem_rstr, &has_backend_strides));
271           CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetNumElements(elem_rstr, &num_elem));
272           CeedInt strides[3] = {1, elem_size * num_elem, elem_size};
273 
274           if (!has_backend_strides) {
275             CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetStrides(elem_rstr, strides));
276           }
277           code << "    // Strides: {" << strides[0] << ", " << strides[1] << ", " << strides[2] << "}\n";
278           code << "    ReadLVecStrided" << dim << "d<num_comp" << var_suffix << ", " << P_name << "," << strides[0] << "," << strides[1] << ","
279                << strides[2] << ">(data, elem, d" << var_suffix << ", r_e" << var_suffix << ");\n";
280           break;
281         }
282         // LCOV_EXCL_START
283         case CEED_RESTRICTION_ORIENTED:
284         case CEED_RESTRICTION_CURL_ORIENTED:
285         case CEED_RESTRICTION_POINTS:
286           break;  // TODO: Not implemented
287                   // LCOV_EXCL_STOP
288       }
289     }
290   } else {
291     // Output
292     switch (rstr_type) {
293       case CEED_RESTRICTION_STANDARD: {
294         CeedInt comp_stride;
295 
296         CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetLVectorSize(elem_rstr, &l_size));
297         code << "    const CeedInt l_size" << var_suffix << " = " << l_size << ";\n";
298         CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetCompStride(elem_rstr, &comp_stride));
299         code << "    // CompStride: " << comp_stride << "\n";
300         data->indices.outputs[i] = (CeedInt *)rstr_data->d_offsets;
301         code << "    WriteLVecStandard" << dim << "d<num_comp" << var_suffix << ", " << comp_stride << ", " << P_name << ">(data, l_size"
302              << var_suffix << ", elem, indices.outputs[" << i << "], r_e" << var_suffix << ", d" << var_suffix << ");\n";
303         break;
304       }
305       case CEED_RESTRICTION_STRIDED: {
306         bool    has_backend_strides;
307         CeedInt num_elem;
308 
309         CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionHasBackendStrides(elem_rstr, &has_backend_strides));
310         CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetNumElements(elem_rstr, &num_elem));
311         CeedInt strides[3] = {1, elem_size * num_elem, elem_size};
312 
313         if (!has_backend_strides) {
314           CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetStrides(elem_rstr, strides));
315         }
316         code << "    // Strides: {" << strides[0] << ", " << strides[1] << ", " << strides[2] << "}\n";
317         code << "    WriteLVecStrided" << dim << "d<num_comp" << var_suffix << ", " << P_name << "," << strides[0] << "," << strides[1] << ","
318              << strides[2] << ">(data, elem, r_e" << var_suffix << ", d" << var_suffix << ");\n";
319         break;
320       }
321       // LCOV_EXCL_START
322       case CEED_RESTRICTION_ORIENTED:
323       case CEED_RESTRICTION_CURL_ORIENTED:
324       case CEED_RESTRICTION_POINTS:
325         break;  // TODO: Not implemented
326                 // LCOV_EXCL_STOP
327     }
328   }
329   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&elem_rstr));
330   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
331 }
332 
333 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
334 // Basis
335 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
336 static int CeedOperatorBuildKernelBasis_Cuda_gen(std::ostringstream &code, CeedOperator_Cuda_gen *data, CeedInt i, CeedInt dim,
337                                                  CeedOperatorField op_field, CeedQFunctionField qf_field, CeedInt Q_1d, bool is_input,
338                                                  bool use_3d_slices) {
339   std::string         var_suffix = (is_input ? "_in_" : "_out_") + std::to_string(i);
340   std::string         P_name = "P_1d" + var_suffix, Q_name = "Q_1d";
341   CeedEvalMode        eval_mode = CEED_EVAL_NONE;
342   CeedInt             elem_size = 0, num_comp = 0, P_1d = 0;
343   CeedElemRestriction elem_rstr;
344   CeedBasis           basis;
345 
346   // Get field data
347   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(op_field, &elem_rstr));
348   if (elem_rstr != CEED_ELEMRESTRICTION_NONE) {
349     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetElementSize(elem_rstr, &elem_size));
350     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetNumComponents(elem_rstr, &num_comp));
351   }
352   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&elem_rstr));
353   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(op_field, &basis));
354   if (basis != CEED_BASIS_NONE) {
355     CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumNodes1D(basis, &P_1d));
356   }
357   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_field, &eval_mode));
358 
359   // Basis
360   code << "    // EvalMode: " << CeedEvalModes[eval_mode] << "\n";
361   if (is_input) {
362     switch (eval_mode) {
363       case CEED_EVAL_NONE:
364         if (!use_3d_slices) {
365           code << "    CeedScalar *r_q" << var_suffix << " = r_e" << var_suffix << ";\n";
366         }
367         break;
368       case CEED_EVAL_INTERP:
369         code << "    CeedScalar r_q" << var_suffix << "[num_comp" << var_suffix << "*" << Q_name << "];\n";
370         code << "    Interp" << (dim > 1 ? "Tensor" : "") << dim << "d<num_comp" << var_suffix << ", P_1d" << var_suffix << ", " << Q_name
371              << ">(data, r_e" << var_suffix << ", s_B" << var_suffix << ", r_q" << var_suffix << ");\n";
372         break;
373       case CEED_EVAL_GRAD:
374         if (use_3d_slices) {
375           code << "    CeedScalar r_q" << var_suffix << "[num_comp" << var_suffix << "*" << Q_name << "];\n";
376           code << "    Interp" << (dim > 1 ? "Tensor" : "") << dim << "d<num_comp" << var_suffix << ", P_1d" << var_suffix << ", " << Q_name
377                << ">(data, r_e" << var_suffix << ", s_B" << var_suffix << ", r_q" << var_suffix << ");\n";
378         } else {
379           code << "    CeedScalar r_q" << var_suffix << "[num_comp" << var_suffix << "*dim*" << Q_name << "];\n";
380           code << "    Grad" << (dim > 1 ? "Tensor" : "") << (dim == 3 && Q_1d >= P_1d ? "Collocated" : "") << dim << "d<num_comp" << var_suffix
381                << ", P_1d" << var_suffix << ", " << Q_name << ">(data, r_e" << var_suffix << ", s_B" << var_suffix << ", s_G" << var_suffix << ", r_q"
382                << var_suffix << ");\n";
383         }
384         break;
385       case CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT: {
386         CeedBasis_Cuda_shared *basis_data;
387 
388         code << "    CeedScalar r_q" << var_suffix << "[" << Q_name << "];\n";
389         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetData(basis, &basis_data));
390         data->W = basis_data->d_q_weight_1d;
391         code << "    Weight" << (dim > 1 ? "Tensor" : "") << dim << "d<" << Q_name << ">(data, W, r_q" << var_suffix << ");\n";
392         break;
393       }
394       // LCOV_EXCL_START
395       case CEED_EVAL_DIV:
396       case CEED_EVAL_CURL:
397         break;  // TODO: Not implemented
398                 // LCOV_EXCL_STOP
399     }
400   } else {
401     switch (eval_mode) {
402       case CEED_EVAL_NONE:
403         code << "    CeedScalar *r_e" << var_suffix << " = r_q" << var_suffix << ";\n";
404         break;  // No action
405       case CEED_EVAL_INTERP:
406         code << "    CeedScalar *r_e" << var_suffix << " = r_e_scratch;\n";
407         code << "    InterpTranspose" << (dim > 1 ? "Tensor" : "") << dim << "d<num_comp" << var_suffix << ", " << P_name << ", " << Q_name
408              << ">(data, r_q" << var_suffix << ", s_B" << var_suffix << ", r_e" << var_suffix << ");\n";
409         break;
410       case CEED_EVAL_GRAD:
411         code << "    CeedScalar *r_e" << var_suffix << " = r_e_scratch;\n";
412         if (use_3d_slices) {
413           code << "    InterpTranspose" << (dim > 1 ? "Tensor" : "") << dim << "d<num_comp" << var_suffix << ", " << P_name << ", " << Q_name
414                << ">(data, r_q" << var_suffix << ", s_B" << var_suffix << ", r_e" << var_suffix << ");\n";
415         } else {
416           code << "    GradTranspose" << (dim > 1 ? "Tensor" : "") << (dim == 3 && Q_1d >= P_1d ? "Collocated" : "") << dim << "d<num_comp"
417                << var_suffix << ", " << P_name << "," << Q_name << ">(data, r_q" << var_suffix << ", s_B" << var_suffix << ", s_G" << var_suffix
418                << ", r_e" << var_suffix << ");\n";
419         }
420         break;
421       // LCOV_EXCL_START
422       case CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT:
423         break;  // Should not occur
424       case CEED_EVAL_DIV:
425       case CEED_EVAL_CURL:
426         break;  // TODO: Not implemented
427                 // LCOV_EXCL_STOP
428     }
429   }
430   CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisDestroy(&basis));
431   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
432 }
433 
434 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
435 // QFunction
436 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
437 static int CeedOperatorBuildKernelQFunction_Cuda_gen(std::ostringstream &code, CeedOperator_Cuda_gen *data, CeedInt dim, CeedInt num_input_fields,
438                                                      CeedOperatorField *op_input_fields, CeedQFunctionField *qf_input_fields,
439                                                      CeedInt num_output_fields, CeedOperatorField *op_output_fields,
440                                                      CeedQFunctionField *qf_output_fields, std::string qfunction_name, CeedInt Q_1d,
441                                                      bool use_3d_slices) {
442   std::string         Q_name    = "Q_1d";
443   CeedEvalMode        eval_mode = CEED_EVAL_NONE;
444   CeedElemRestriction elem_rstr;
445 
446   // Setup output arays
447   code << "\n    // -- Output field setup\n";
448   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_output_fields; i++) {
449     std::string var_suffix = "_out_" + std::to_string(i);
450 
451     code << "    // ---- Output field " << i << "\n";
452     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_output_fields[i], &eval_mode));
453     if (eval_mode == CEED_EVAL_NONE || eval_mode == CEED_EVAL_INTERP) {
454       code << "    CeedScalar r_q" << var_suffix << "[num_comp" << var_suffix << "*" << Q_name << "];\n";
455     }
456     if (eval_mode == CEED_EVAL_GRAD) {
457       if (use_3d_slices) {
458         // Accumulator for gradient slices
459         code << "    CeedScalar r_q" << var_suffix << "[num_comp" << var_suffix << "*" << Q_name << "];\n";
460         code << "    for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_comp" << var_suffix << "*" << Q_name << "; i++) {\n";
461         code << "      r_q" << var_suffix << "[i] = 0.0;\n";
462         code << "    }\n";
463       } else {
464         code << "    CeedScalar r_q" << var_suffix << "[num_comp" << var_suffix << "*dim*" << Q_name << "];\n";
465       }
466     }
467   }
468 
469   // We treat quadrature points per slice in 3d to save registers
470   if (use_3d_slices) {
471     code << "\n    // Note: Using planes of 3D elements\n";
472     code << "    #pragma unroll\n";
473     code << "    for (CeedInt q = 0; q < " << Q_name << "; q++) {\n";
474     code << "      // -- Input fields\n";
475     for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_input_fields; i++) {
476       std::string var_suffix = "_in_" + std::to_string(i);
477 
478       code << "      // ---- Input field " << i << "\n";
479       CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_input_fields[i], &eval_mode));
480       // Basis action
481       code << "      // EvalMode: " << CeedEvalModes[eval_mode] << "\n";
482       switch (eval_mode) {
483         case CEED_EVAL_NONE:
484           bool is_strided;
485 
486           code << "      CeedScalar r_s" << var_suffix << "[num_comp" << var_suffix << "];\n";
487 
488           CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(op_input_fields[i], &elem_rstr));
489           CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionIsStrided(elem_rstr, &is_strided));
490           if (is_strided) {
491             bool    has_backend_strides;
492             CeedInt num_elem, elem_size;
493 
494             CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetElementSize(elem_rstr, &elem_size));
495             CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionHasBackendStrides(elem_rstr, &has_backend_strides));
496             CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetNumElements(elem_rstr, &num_elem));
497             CeedInt strides[3] = {1, elem_size * num_elem, elem_size};
498 
499             if (!has_backend_strides) {
500               CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetStrides(elem_rstr, strides));
501             }
502             code << "      // Strides: {" << strides[0] << ", " << strides[1] << ", " << strides[2] << "}\n";
503             code << "      ReadEVecSliceStrided3d<num_comp" << var_suffix << ", " << Q_name << "," << strides[0] << "," << strides[1] << ","
504                  << strides[2] << ">(data, elem, q, d" << var_suffix << ", r_s" << var_suffix << ");\n";
505           } else {
506             CeedSize                  l_size = 0;
507             CeedInt                   comp_stride;
508             CeedElemRestriction_Cuda *rstr_data;
509 
510             CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetLVectorSize(elem_rstr, &l_size));
511             code << "      const CeedInt l_size" << var_suffix << " = " << l_size << ";\n";
512             CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetCompStride(elem_rstr, &comp_stride));
513             code << "      // CompStride: " << comp_stride << "\n";
514             CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetData(elem_rstr, &rstr_data));
515             data->indices.inputs[i] = (CeedInt *)rstr_data->d_offsets;
516             code << "      ReadEVecSliceStandard3d<num_comp" << var_suffix << ", " << comp_stride << ", " << Q_name << ">(data, l_size" << var_suffix
517                  << ", elem, q, indices.inputs[" << i << "], d" << var_suffix << ", r_s" << var_suffix << ");\n";
518           }
519           CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&elem_rstr));
520           break;
521         case CEED_EVAL_INTERP:
522           code << "      CeedScalar r_s" << var_suffix << "[num_comp" << var_suffix << "];\n";
523           code << "      for (CeedInt j = 0; j < num_comp" << var_suffix << "; j++) {\n";
524           code << "        r_s" << var_suffix << "[j] = r_q" << var_suffix << "[q + j*" << Q_name << "];\n";
525           code << "      }\n";
526           break;
527         case CEED_EVAL_GRAD:
528           code << "      CeedScalar r_s" << var_suffix << "[num_comp" << var_suffix << "*dim];\n";
529           code << "      GradColloSlice3d<num_comp" << var_suffix << ", " << Q_name << ">(data, q, r_q" << var_suffix << ", s_G" << var_suffix
530                << ", r_s" << var_suffix << ");\n";
531           break;
532         case CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT:
533           code << "      CeedScalar r_s" << var_suffix << "[1];\n";
534           code << "      r_s" << var_suffix << "[0] = r_q" << var_suffix << "[q];\n";
535           break;  // No action
536                   // LCOV_EXCL_START
537         case CEED_EVAL_DIV:
538           break;  // TODO: Not implemented
539         case CEED_EVAL_CURL:
540           break;  // TODO: Not implemented
541                   // LCOV_EXCL_STOP
542       }
543     }
544     code << "\n      // -- Output fields\n";
545     for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_output_fields; i++) {
546       std::string var_suffix = "_out_" + std::to_string(i);
547 
548       code << "      // ---- Output field " << i << "\n";
549       CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_output_fields[i], &eval_mode));
550       // Basis action
551       switch (eval_mode) {
552         case CEED_EVAL_NONE:
553           code << "      CeedScalar r_s" << var_suffix << "[num_comp" << var_suffix << "];\n";
554           break;  // No action
555         case CEED_EVAL_INTERP:
556           code << "      CeedScalar r_s" << var_suffix << "[num_comp" << var_suffix << "];\n";
557           break;
558         case CEED_EVAL_GRAD:
559           code << "      CeedScalar r_s" << var_suffix << "[num_comp" << var_suffix << "*dim];\n";
560           break;
561           // LCOV_EXCL_START
562         case CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT:
563           break;  // Should not occur
564         case CEED_EVAL_DIV:
565           break;  // TODO: Not implemented
566         case CEED_EVAL_CURL:
567           break;  // TODO: Not implemented
568                   // LCOV_EXCL_STOP
569       }
570     }
571   } else {
572     code << "\n    // Note: Using full elements\n";
573     code << "    {\n";
574     code << "      // -- Input fields\n";
575     for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_input_fields; i++) {
576       code << "      // ---- Input field " << i << "\n";
577       code << "      CeedScalar *r_s_in_" << i << " = r_q_in_" << i << ";\n";
578     }
579     code << "      // -- Output fields\n";
580     for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_output_fields; i++) {
581       code << "      // ---- Output field " << i << "\n";
582       code << "      CeedScalar *r_s_out_" << i << " = r_q_out_" << i << ";\n";
583     }
584   }
585 
586   // Input and output buffers
587   code << "\n      // -- QFunction inputs and outputs\n";
588   code << "      // ---- Inputs\n";
589   code << "      CeedScalar *inputs[" << CeedIntMax(num_input_fields, 1) << "];\n";
590   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_input_fields; i++) {
591     code << "      // ------ Input field " << i << "\n";
592     code << "      inputs[" << i << "] = r_s_in_" << i << ";\n";
593   }
594   code << "      // ---- Outputs\n";
595   code << "      CeedScalar *outputs[" << CeedIntMax(num_output_fields, 1) << "];\n";
596   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_output_fields; i++) {
597     code << "      // ------ Output field " << i << "\n";
598     code << "      outputs[" << i << "] = r_s_out_" << i << ";\n";
599   }
600 
601   // Apply QFunction
602   code << "\n      // -- Apply QFunction\n";
603   code << "      " << qfunction_name << "(ctx, ";
604   if (dim != 3 || use_3d_slices) {
605     code << "1";
606   } else {
607     code << "Q_1d";
608   }
609   code << ", inputs, outputs);\n";
610 
611   // Copy or apply transpose grad, if needed
612   if (use_3d_slices) {
613     code << "      // -- Output fields\n";
614     for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_output_fields; i++) {
615       std::string var_suffix = "_out_" + std::to_string(i);
616       std::string P_name     = "P_1d" + var_suffix;
617 
618       code << "      // ---- Output field " << i << "\n";
619       CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_output_fields[i], &eval_mode));
620       // Basis action
621       code << "      // EvalMode: " << CeedEvalModes[eval_mode] << "\n";
622       switch (eval_mode) {
623         case CEED_EVAL_NONE:
624           code << "      for (CeedInt j = 0; j < num_comp" << var_suffix << " ; j++) {\n";
625           code << "        r_q" << var_suffix << "[q + j*" << Q_name << "] = r_s" << var_suffix << "[j];\n";
626           code << "      }\n";
627           break;  // No action
628         case CEED_EVAL_INTERP:
629           code << "      for (CeedInt j = 0; j < num_comp" << var_suffix << " ; j++) {\n";
630           code << "        r_q" << var_suffix << "[q + j*" << Q_name << "] = r_s" << var_suffix << "[j];\n";
631           code << "      }\n";
632           break;
633         case CEED_EVAL_GRAD:
634           code << "      GradColloSliceTranspose3d<num_comp" << var_suffix << ", " << Q_name << ">(data, q, r_s" << var_suffix << ", s_G"
635                << var_suffix << ", r_q" << var_suffix << ");\n";
636           break;
637           // LCOV_EXCL_START
638         case CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT:
639           break;  // Should not occur
640         case CEED_EVAL_DIV:
641           break;  // TODO: Not implemented
642         case CEED_EVAL_CURL:
643           break;  // TODO: Not implemented
644                   // LCOV_EXCL_STOP
645       }
646     }
647   }
648   code << "    }\n";
649   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
650 }
651 
652 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
653 // Build single operator kernel
654 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
655 extern "C" int CeedOperatorBuildKernel_Cuda_gen(CeedOperator op) {
656   bool                    is_tensor = true, use_3d_slices = false;
657   Ceed                    ceed;
658   CeedInt                 Q_1d, num_input_fields, num_output_fields, dim = 1;
659   CeedQFunctionField     *qf_input_fields, *qf_output_fields;
660   CeedQFunction_Cuda_gen *qf_data;
661   CeedQFunction           qf;
662   CeedOperatorField      *op_input_fields, *op_output_fields;
663   CeedOperator_Cuda_gen  *data;
664   std::ostringstream      code;
665 
666   {
667     bool is_setup_done;
668 
669     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorIsSetupDone(op, &is_setup_done));
670     if (is_setup_done) return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
671   }
672 
673   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetCeed(op, &ceed));
674   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetData(op, &data));
675   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetQFunction(op, &qf));
676   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionGetData(qf, &qf_data));
677   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetFields(op, &num_input_fields, &op_input_fields, &num_output_fields, &op_output_fields));
678   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionGetFields(qf, NULL, &qf_input_fields, NULL, &qf_output_fields));
679 
680   // Get operator data
681   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorBuildKernelData_Cuda_gen(ceed, num_input_fields, op_input_fields, qf_input_fields, num_output_fields, op_output_fields,
682                                                        qf_output_fields, &data->max_P_1d, &Q_1d, &dim, &is_tensor, &use_3d_slices));
683   if (dim == 0) dim = 1;
684   data->dim = dim;
685   if (Q_1d == 0) {
686     CeedInt Q;
687 
688     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetNumQuadraturePoints(op, &Q));
689     Q_1d = Q;
690   }
691   data->Q_1d = Q_1d;
692 
693   // Check for restriction only identity operator
694   {
695     bool is_identity_qf;
696 
697     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionIsIdentity(qf, &is_identity_qf));
698     if (is_identity_qf) {
699       CeedEvalMode eval_mode_in, eval_mode_out;
700 
701       CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_input_fields[0], &eval_mode_in));
702       CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_output_fields[0], &eval_mode_out));
703       CeedCheck(eval_mode_in != CEED_EVAL_NONE || eval_mode_out != CEED_EVAL_NONE, ceed, CEED_ERROR_BACKEND,
704                 "Backend does not implement restriction only identity operators");
705     }
706   }
707 
708   // Add atomicAdd function for old NVidia architectures
709   {
710     Ceed_Cuda            *ceed_data;
711     struct cudaDeviceProp prop;
712 
713     CeedCallBackend(CeedGetData(ceed, &ceed_data));
714     CeedCallBackend(cudaGetDeviceProperties(&prop, ceed_data->device_id));
715     if ((prop.major < 6) && (CEED_SCALAR_TYPE != CEED_SCALAR_FP32)) {
716       code << "// AtomicAdd fallback source\n";
717       code << "#include <ceed/jit-source/cuda/cuda-atomic-add-fallback.h>\n\n";
718     }
719   }
720 
721   // Load basis source files
722   // TODO: Add non-tensor, AtPoints
723   code << "// Tensor basis source\n";
724   code << "#include <ceed/jit-source/cuda/cuda-shared-basis-tensor-templates.h>\n\n";
725   code << "// CodeGen operator source\n";
726   code << "#include <ceed/jit-source/cuda/cuda-gen-templates.h>\n\n";
727 
728   // Get QFunction name
729   std::string qfunction_name(qf_data->qfunction_name);
730   std::string operator_name;
731 
732   operator_name = "CeedKernelCudaGenOperator_" + qfunction_name;
733 
734   // Define CEED_Q_VLA
735   code << "\n#undef CEED_Q_VLA\n";
736   if (dim != 3 || use_3d_slices) {
737     code << "#define CEED_Q_VLA 1\n\n";
738   } else {
739     code << "#define CEED_Q_VLA " << Q_1d << "\n\n";
740   }
741 
742   // Add user QFunction source
743   {
744     const char *source_path;
745 
746     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionGetSourcePath(qf, &source_path));
747     CeedCheck(source_path, ceed, CEED_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED, "/gpu/cuda/gen backend requires QFunction source code file");
748 
749     code << "// User QFunction source\n";
750     code << "#include \"" << source_path << "\"\n\n";
751   }
752 
753   // Setup
754   code << "\n// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n";
755   code << "// Operator Kernel\n";
756   code << "// \n";
757   code << "// d_[in,out]_i:   CeedVector device array\n";
758   code << "// r_[in,out]_e_i: Element vector register\n";
759   code << "// r_[in,out]_q_i: Quadrature space vector register\n";
760   code << "// r_[in,out]_s_i: Quadrature space slice  vector register\n";
761   code << "// \n";
762   code << "// s_B_[in,out]_i: Interpolation matrix, shared memory\n";
763   code << "// s_G_[in,out]_i: Gradient matrix, shared memory\n";
764   code << "// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n";
765   code << "extern \"C\" __global__ void " << operator_name
766        << "(CeedInt num_elem, void* ctx, FieldsInt_Cuda indices, Fields_Cuda fields, Fields_Cuda B, Fields_Cuda G, CeedScalar *W) {\n";
767 
768   // Scratch buffers
769   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_input_fields; i++) {
770     CeedEvalMode eval_mode;
771 
772     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_input_fields[i], &eval_mode));
773     if (eval_mode != CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT) {  // Skip CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT
774       code << "  const CeedScalar *d_in_" << i << " = fields.inputs[" << i << "];\n";
775     }
776   }
777   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_output_fields; i++) {
778     code << "  CeedScalar *d_out_" << i << " = fields.outputs[" << i << "];\n";
779   }
780 
781   code << "  const CeedInt dim = " << dim << ";\n";
782   code << "  const CeedInt Q_1d = " << Q_1d << ";\n";
783 
784   // Shared data
785   code << "  extern __shared__ CeedScalar slice[];\n";
786   code << "  SharedData_Cuda data;\n";
787   code << "  data.t_id_x = threadIdx.x;\n";
788   code << "  data.t_id_y = threadIdx.y;\n";
789   code << "  data.t_id_z = threadIdx.z;\n";
790   code << "  data.t_id  = threadIdx.x + threadIdx.y*blockDim.x + threadIdx.z*blockDim.y*blockDim.x;\n";
791   code << "  data.slice = slice + data.t_id_z*T_1D" << (dim > 1 ? "*T_1D" : "") << ";\n";
792 
793   // Initialize constants, and matrices B and G
794   code << "\n  // Input field constants and basis data\n";
795   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_input_fields; i++) {
796     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorBuildKernelFieldData_Cuda_gen(code, data, i, op_input_fields[i], qf_input_fields[i], Q_1d, true, use_3d_slices));
797   }
798   code << "\n  // Output field constants and basis data\n";
799   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_output_fields; i++) {
800     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorBuildKernelFieldData_Cuda_gen(code, data, i, op_output_fields[i], qf_output_fields[i], Q_1d, false, use_3d_slices));
801   }
802 
803   // Loop over all elements
804   code << "\n  // Element loop\n";
805   code << "  __syncthreads();\n";
806   code << "  for (CeedInt elem = blockIdx.x*blockDim.z + threadIdx.z; elem < num_elem; elem += gridDim.x*blockDim.z) {\n";
807 
808   // -- Compute minimum buffer space needed
809   CeedInt max_rstr_buffer_size = 0;
810 
811   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_input_fields; i++) {
812     CeedInt             num_comp, elem_size;
813     CeedElemRestriction elem_rstr;
814 
815     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(op_input_fields[i], &elem_rstr));
816     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetNumComponents(elem_rstr, &num_comp));
817     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetElementSize(elem_rstr, &elem_size));
818     max_rstr_buffer_size = CeedIntMax(max_rstr_buffer_size, num_comp * elem_size);
819     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&elem_rstr));
820   }
821   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_output_fields; i++) {
822     CeedInt             num_comp, elem_size;
823     CeedElemRestriction elem_rstr;
824 
825     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(op_output_fields[i], &elem_rstr));
826     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetNumComponents(elem_rstr, &num_comp));
827     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetElementSize(elem_rstr, &elem_size));
828     max_rstr_buffer_size = CeedIntMax(max_rstr_buffer_size, num_comp * elem_size);
829     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&elem_rstr));
830   }
831   code << "    // Scratch restriction buffer space\n";
832   code << "    CeedScalar r_e_scratch[" << max_rstr_buffer_size << "];\n";
833 
834   // -- Determine best input field processing order
835   CeedInt field_rstr_in_buffer[CEED_FIELD_MAX], input_field_order[CEED_FIELD_MAX];
836 
837   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_input_fields; i++) {
838     field_rstr_in_buffer[i] = -1;
839     input_field_order[i]    = -1;
840   }
841   {
842     bool    is_ordered[CEED_FIELD_MAX];
843     CeedInt curr_index = 0;
844 
845     for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_input_fields; i++) is_ordered[i] = false;
846     for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_input_fields; i++) {
847       CeedVector          vec_i;
848       CeedElemRestriction rstr_i;
849 
850       if (is_ordered[i]) continue;
851       field_rstr_in_buffer[i]       = i;
852       is_ordered[i]                 = true;
853       input_field_order[curr_index] = i;
854       curr_index++;
855       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_input_fields[i], &vec_i));
856       if (vec_i == CEED_VECTOR_NONE) continue;  // CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT
857       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(op_input_fields[i], &rstr_i));
858       for (CeedInt j = i + 1; j < num_input_fields; j++) {
859         CeedVector          vec_j;
860         CeedElemRestriction rstr_j;
861 
862         CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_input_fields[j], &vec_j));
863         CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(op_input_fields[j], &rstr_j));
864         if (rstr_i == rstr_j && vec_i == vec_j) {
865           field_rstr_in_buffer[j]       = i;
866           is_ordered[j]                 = true;
867           input_field_order[curr_index] = j;
868           curr_index++;
869         }
870         CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&vec_j));
871         CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&rstr_j));
872       }
873       CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&vec_i));
874       CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&rstr_i));
875     }
876   }
877 
878   // -- Input restriction and basis
879   code << "\n    // -- Input field restrictions and basis actions\n";
880   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_input_fields; i++) {
881     CeedInt f = input_field_order[i];
882 
883     code << "    // ---- Input field " << f << "\n";
884 
885     // ---- Restriction
886     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorBuildKernelRestriction_Cuda_gen(code, data, f, dim, field_rstr_in_buffer, op_input_fields[f], qf_input_fields[f],
887                                                                 Q_1d, true, use_3d_slices));
888 
889     // ---- Basis action
890     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorBuildKernelBasis_Cuda_gen(code, data, f, dim, op_input_fields[f], qf_input_fields[f], Q_1d, true, use_3d_slices));
891   }
892 
893   // -- Q function
894   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorBuildKernelQFunction_Cuda_gen(code, data, dim, num_input_fields, op_input_fields, qf_input_fields, num_output_fields,
895                                                             op_output_fields, qf_output_fields, qfunction_name, Q_1d, use_3d_slices));
896 
897   // -- Output basis and restriction
898   code << "\n    // -- Output field basis action and restrictions\n";
899   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_output_fields; i++) {
900     code << "    // ---- Output field " << i << "\n";
901 
902     // ---- Basis action
903     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorBuildKernelBasis_Cuda_gen(code, data, i, dim, op_output_fields[i], qf_output_fields[i], Q_1d, false, use_3d_slices));
904 
905     // ---- Restriction
906     CeedCallBackend(
907         CeedOperatorBuildKernelRestriction_Cuda_gen(code, data, i, dim, NULL, op_output_fields[i], qf_output_fields[i], Q_1d, false, use_3d_slices));
908   }
909 
910   // Close loop and function
911   code << "  }\n";
912   code << "}\n";
913   code << "// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\n";
914 
915   // View kernel for debugging
916   CeedCallBackend(CeedCompile_Cuda(ceed, code.str().c_str(), &data->module, 1, "T_1D", CeedIntMax(Q_1d, data->max_P_1d)));
917   CeedCallBackend(CeedGetKernel_Cuda(ceed, data->module, operator_name.c_str(), &data->op));
918   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorSetSetupDone(op));
919   CeedCallBackend(CeedDestroy(&ceed));
920   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionDestroy(&qf));
921   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
922 }
923 
924 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
925