xref: /libCEED/backends/cuda-ref/ceed-cuda-ref-operator.c (revision 86e107299058a5a08bd170fc9397de9f32c01778)
1 // Copyright (c) 2017-2024, Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC and other CEED contributors.
2 // All Rights Reserved. See the top-level LICENSE and NOTICE files for details.
3 //
4 // SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
5 //
6 // This file is part of CEED:  http://github.com/ceed
7 
8 #include <ceed.h>
9 #include <ceed/backend.h>
10 #include <ceed/jit-tools.h>
11 #include <assert.h>
12 #include <cuda.h>
13 #include <cuda_runtime.h>
14 #include <stdbool.h>
15 #include <string.h>
16 
17 #include "../cuda/ceed-cuda-common.h"
18 #include "../cuda/ceed-cuda-compile.h"
19 #include "ceed-cuda-ref.h"
20 
21 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
22 // Destroy operator
23 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
24 static int CeedOperatorDestroy_Cuda(CeedOperator op) {
25   CeedOperator_Cuda *impl;
26 
27   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetData(op, &impl));
28 
29   // Apply data
30   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < impl->num_inputs + impl->num_outputs; i++) {
31     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&impl->e_vecs[i]));
32   }
33   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&impl->e_vecs));
34   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&impl->input_states));
35 
36   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < impl->num_inputs; i++) {
37     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&impl->q_vecs_in[i]));
38   }
39   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&impl->q_vecs_in));
40 
41   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < impl->num_outputs; i++) {
42     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&impl->q_vecs_out[i]));
43   }
44   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&impl->q_vecs_out));
45   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&impl->point_coords_elem));
46 
47   // QFunction assembly data
48   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < impl->num_active_in; i++) {
49     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&impl->qf_active_in[i]));
50   }
51   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&impl->qf_active_in));
52 
53   // Diag data
54   if (impl->diag) {
55     Ceed ceed;
56 
57     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetCeed(op, &ceed));
58     if (impl->diag->module) {
59       CeedCallCuda(ceed, cuModuleUnload(impl->diag->module));
60     }
61     if (impl->diag->module_point_block) {
62       CeedCallCuda(ceed, cuModuleUnload(impl->diag->module_point_block));
63     }
64     CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaFree(impl->diag->d_eval_modes_in));
65     CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaFree(impl->diag->d_eval_modes_out));
66     CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaFree(impl->diag->d_identity));
67     CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaFree(impl->diag->d_interp_in));
68     CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaFree(impl->diag->d_interp_out));
69     CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaFree(impl->diag->d_grad_in));
70     CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaFree(impl->diag->d_grad_out));
71     CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaFree(impl->diag->d_div_in));
72     CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaFree(impl->diag->d_div_out));
73     CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaFree(impl->diag->d_curl_in));
74     CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaFree(impl->diag->d_curl_out));
75     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&impl->diag->diag_rstr));
76     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&impl->diag->point_block_diag_rstr));
77     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&impl->diag->elem_diag));
78     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&impl->diag->point_block_elem_diag));
79   }
80   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&impl->diag));
81 
82   if (impl->asmb) {
83     Ceed ceed;
84 
85     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetCeed(op, &ceed));
86     CeedCallCuda(ceed, cuModuleUnload(impl->asmb->module));
87     CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaFree(impl->asmb->d_B_in));
88     CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaFree(impl->asmb->d_B_out));
89   }
90   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&impl->asmb));
91 
92   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&impl));
93   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
94 }
95 
96 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
97 // Setup infields or outfields
98 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
99 static int CeedOperatorSetupFields_Cuda(CeedQFunction qf, CeedOperator op, bool is_input, bool is_at_points, CeedVector *e_vecs, CeedVector *q_vecs,
100                                         CeedInt start_e, CeedInt num_fields, CeedInt Q, CeedInt num_elem) {
101   Ceed                ceed;
102   CeedQFunctionField *qf_fields;
103   CeedOperatorField  *op_fields;
104 
105   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetCeed(op, &ceed));
106   if (is_input) {
107     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetFields(op, NULL, &op_fields, NULL, NULL));
108     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionGetFields(qf, NULL, &qf_fields, NULL, NULL));
109   } else {
110     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetFields(op, NULL, NULL, NULL, &op_fields));
111     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionGetFields(qf, NULL, NULL, NULL, &qf_fields));
112   }
113 
114   // Loop over fields
115   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_fields; i++) {
116     bool         is_strided = false, skip_restriction = false;
117     CeedSize     q_size;
118     CeedInt      size;
119     CeedEvalMode eval_mode;
120     CeedBasis    basis;
121 
122     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_fields[i], &eval_mode));
123     if (eval_mode != CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT) {
124       CeedElemRestriction elem_rstr;
125 
126       // Check whether this field can skip the element restriction:
127       // Must be passive input, with eval_mode NONE, and have a strided restriction with CEED_STRIDES_BACKEND.
128       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(op_fields[i], &elem_rstr));
129 
130       // First, check whether the field is input or output:
131       if (is_input) {
132         CeedVector vec;
133 
134         // Check for passive input
135         CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_fields[i], &vec));
136         if (vec != CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) {
137           // Check eval_mode
138           if (eval_mode == CEED_EVAL_NONE) {
139             // Check for strided restriction
140             CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionIsStrided(elem_rstr, &is_strided));
141             if (is_strided) {
142               // Check if vector is already in preferred backend ordering
143               CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionHasBackendStrides(elem_rstr, &skip_restriction));
144             }
145           }
146         }
147       }
148       if (skip_restriction) {
149         // We do not need an E-Vector, but will use the input field vector's data directly in the operator application.
150         e_vecs[i + start_e] = NULL;
151       } else {
152         CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionCreateVector(elem_rstr, NULL, &e_vecs[i + start_e]));
153       }
154     }
155 
156     switch (eval_mode) {
157       case CEED_EVAL_NONE:
158         CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetSize(qf_fields[i], &size));
159         q_size = (CeedSize)num_elem * Q * size;
160         CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorCreate(ceed, q_size, &q_vecs[i]));
161         break;
162       case CEED_EVAL_INTERP:
163       case CEED_EVAL_GRAD:
164       case CEED_EVAL_DIV:
165       case CEED_EVAL_CURL:
166         CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetSize(qf_fields[i], &size));
167         q_size = (CeedSize)num_elem * Q * size;
168         CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorCreate(ceed, q_size, &q_vecs[i]));
169         break;
170       case CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT:  // Only on input fields
171         CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(op_fields[i], &basis));
172         q_size = (CeedSize)num_elem * Q;
173         CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorCreate(ceed, q_size, &q_vecs[i]));
174         if (is_at_points) {
175           CeedInt num_points[num_elem];
176 
177           for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_elem; i++) num_points[i] = Q;
178           CeedCallBackend(
179               CeedBasisApplyAtPoints(basis, num_elem, num_points, CEED_NOTRANSPOSE, CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT, CEED_VECTOR_NONE, CEED_VECTOR_NONE, q_vecs[i]));
180         } else {
181           CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisApply(basis, num_elem, CEED_NOTRANSPOSE, CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT, CEED_VECTOR_NONE, q_vecs[i]));
182         }
183         break;
184     }
185   }
186   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
187 }
188 
189 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
190 // CeedOperator needs to connect all the named fields (be they active or passive) to the named inputs and outputs of its CeedQFunction.
191 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
192 static int CeedOperatorSetup_Cuda(CeedOperator op) {
193   Ceed                ceed;
194   bool                is_setup_done;
195   CeedInt             Q, num_elem, num_input_fields, num_output_fields;
196   CeedQFunctionField *qf_input_fields, *qf_output_fields;
197   CeedQFunction       qf;
198   CeedOperatorField  *op_input_fields, *op_output_fields;
199   CeedOperator_Cuda  *impl;
200 
201   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorIsSetupDone(op, &is_setup_done));
202   if (is_setup_done) return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
203 
204   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetCeed(op, &ceed));
205   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetData(op, &impl));
206   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetQFunction(op, &qf));
207   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetNumQuadraturePoints(op, &Q));
208   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetNumElements(op, &num_elem));
209   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetFields(op, &num_input_fields, &op_input_fields, &num_output_fields, &op_output_fields));
210   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionGetFields(qf, NULL, &qf_input_fields, NULL, &qf_output_fields));
211 
212   // Allocate
213   CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(num_input_fields + num_output_fields, &impl->e_vecs));
214   CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(CEED_FIELD_MAX, &impl->input_states));
215   CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(CEED_FIELD_MAX, &impl->q_vecs_in));
216   CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(CEED_FIELD_MAX, &impl->q_vecs_out));
217   impl->num_inputs  = num_input_fields;
218   impl->num_outputs = num_output_fields;
219 
220   // Set up infield and outfield e_vecs and q_vecs
221   // Infields
222   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorSetupFields_Cuda(qf, op, true, false, impl->e_vecs, impl->q_vecs_in, 0, num_input_fields, Q, num_elem));
223   // Outfields
224   CeedCallBackend(
225       CeedOperatorSetupFields_Cuda(qf, op, false, false, impl->e_vecs, impl->q_vecs_out, num_input_fields, num_output_fields, Q, num_elem));
226 
227   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorSetSetupDone(op));
228   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
229 }
230 
231 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
232 // Setup Operator Inputs
233 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
234 static inline int CeedOperatorSetupInputs_Cuda(CeedInt num_input_fields, CeedQFunctionField *qf_input_fields, CeedOperatorField *op_input_fields,
235                                                CeedVector in_vec, const bool skip_active, CeedScalar *e_data[2 * CEED_FIELD_MAX],
236                                                CeedOperator_Cuda *impl, CeedRequest *request) {
237   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_input_fields; i++) {
238     CeedEvalMode        eval_mode;
239     CeedVector          vec;
240     CeedElemRestriction elem_rstr;
241 
242     // Get input vector
243     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_input_fields[i], &vec));
244     if (vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) {
245       if (skip_active) continue;
246       else vec = in_vec;
247     }
248 
249     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_input_fields[i], &eval_mode));
250     if (eval_mode == CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT) {  // Skip
251     } else {
252       // Get input vector
253       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_input_fields[i], &vec));
254       // Get input element restriction
255       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(op_input_fields[i], &elem_rstr));
256       if (vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) vec = in_vec;
257       // Restrict, if necessary
258       if (!impl->e_vecs[i]) {
259         // No restriction for this field; read data directly from vec.
260         CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetArrayRead(vec, CEED_MEM_DEVICE, (const CeedScalar **)&e_data[i]));
261       } else {
262         uint64_t state;
263 
264         CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetState(vec, &state));
265         if (state != impl->input_states[i]) {
266           CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionApply(elem_rstr, CEED_NOTRANSPOSE, vec, impl->e_vecs[i], request));
267           impl->input_states[i] = state;
268         }
269         // Get evec
270         CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetArrayRead(impl->e_vecs[i], CEED_MEM_DEVICE, (const CeedScalar **)&e_data[i]));
271       }
272     }
273   }
274   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
275 }
276 
277 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
278 // Input Basis Action
279 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
280 static inline int CeedOperatorInputBasis_Cuda(CeedInt num_elem, CeedQFunctionField *qf_input_fields, CeedOperatorField *op_input_fields,
281                                               CeedInt num_input_fields, const bool skip_active, CeedScalar *e_data[2 * CEED_FIELD_MAX],
282                                               CeedOperator_Cuda *impl) {
283   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_input_fields; i++) {
284     CeedInt             elem_size, size;
285     CeedEvalMode        eval_mode;
286     CeedElemRestriction elem_rstr;
287     CeedBasis           basis;
288 
289     // Skip active input
290     if (skip_active) {
291       CeedVector vec;
292 
293       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_input_fields[i], &vec));
294       if (vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) continue;
295     }
296     // Get elem_size, eval_mode, size
297     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(op_input_fields[i], &elem_rstr));
298     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetElementSize(elem_rstr, &elem_size));
299     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_input_fields[i], &eval_mode));
300     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetSize(qf_input_fields[i], &size));
301     // Basis action
302     switch (eval_mode) {
303       case CEED_EVAL_NONE:
304         CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorSetArray(impl->q_vecs_in[i], CEED_MEM_DEVICE, CEED_USE_POINTER, e_data[i]));
305         break;
306       case CEED_EVAL_INTERP:
307       case CEED_EVAL_GRAD:
308       case CEED_EVAL_DIV:
309       case CEED_EVAL_CURL:
310         CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(op_input_fields[i], &basis));
311         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisApply(basis, num_elem, CEED_NOTRANSPOSE, eval_mode, impl->e_vecs[i], impl->q_vecs_in[i]));
312         break;
313       case CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT:
314         break;  // No action
315     }
316   }
317   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
318 }
319 
320 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
321 // Restore Input Vectors
322 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
323 static inline int CeedOperatorRestoreInputs_Cuda(CeedInt num_input_fields, CeedQFunctionField *qf_input_fields, CeedOperatorField *op_input_fields,
324                                                  const bool skip_active, CeedScalar *e_data[2 * CEED_FIELD_MAX], CeedOperator_Cuda *impl) {
325   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_input_fields; i++) {
326     CeedEvalMode eval_mode;
327     CeedVector   vec;
328 
329     // Skip active input
330     if (skip_active) {
331       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_input_fields[i], &vec));
332       if (vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) continue;
333     }
334     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_input_fields[i], &eval_mode));
335     if (eval_mode == CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT) {  // Skip
336     } else {
337       if (!impl->e_vecs[i]) {  // This was a skip_restriction case
338         CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_input_fields[i], &vec));
339         CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorRestoreArrayRead(vec, (const CeedScalar **)&e_data[i]));
340       } else {
341         CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorRestoreArrayRead(impl->e_vecs[i], (const CeedScalar **)&e_data[i]));
342       }
343     }
344   }
345   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
346 }
347 
348 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
349 // Apply and add to output
350 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
351 static int CeedOperatorApplyAdd_Cuda(CeedOperator op, CeedVector in_vec, CeedVector out_vec, CeedRequest *request) {
352   CeedInt             Q, num_elem, elem_size, num_input_fields, num_output_fields, size;
353   CeedScalar         *e_data[2 * CEED_FIELD_MAX] = {NULL};
354   CeedQFunctionField *qf_input_fields, *qf_output_fields;
355   CeedQFunction       qf;
356   CeedOperatorField  *op_input_fields, *op_output_fields;
357   CeedOperator_Cuda  *impl;
358 
359   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetData(op, &impl));
360   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetQFunction(op, &qf));
361   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetNumQuadraturePoints(op, &Q));
362   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetNumElements(op, &num_elem));
363   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetFields(op, &num_input_fields, &op_input_fields, &num_output_fields, &op_output_fields));
364   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionGetFields(qf, NULL, &qf_input_fields, NULL, &qf_output_fields));
365 
366   // Setup
367   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorSetup_Cuda(op));
368 
369   // Input Evecs and Restriction
370   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorSetupInputs_Cuda(num_input_fields, qf_input_fields, op_input_fields, in_vec, false, e_data, impl, request));
371 
372   // Input basis apply if needed
373   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorInputBasis_Cuda(num_elem, qf_input_fields, op_input_fields, num_input_fields, false, e_data, impl));
374 
375   // Output pointers, as necessary
376   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_output_fields; i++) {
377     CeedEvalMode eval_mode;
378 
379     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_output_fields[i], &eval_mode));
380     if (eval_mode == CEED_EVAL_NONE) {
381       // Set the output Q-Vector to use the E-Vector data directly.
382       CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetArrayWrite(impl->e_vecs[i + impl->num_inputs], CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &e_data[i + num_input_fields]));
383       CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorSetArray(impl->q_vecs_out[i], CEED_MEM_DEVICE, CEED_USE_POINTER, e_data[i + num_input_fields]));
384     }
385   }
386 
387   // Q function
388   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionApply(qf, num_elem * Q, impl->q_vecs_in, impl->q_vecs_out));
389 
390   // Output basis apply if needed
391   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_output_fields; i++) {
392     CeedEvalMode        eval_mode;
393     CeedElemRestriction elem_rstr;
394     CeedBasis           basis;
395 
396     // Get elem_size, eval_mode, size
397     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(op_output_fields[i], &elem_rstr));
398     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetElementSize(elem_rstr, &elem_size));
399     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_output_fields[i], &eval_mode));
400     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetSize(qf_output_fields[i], &size));
401     // Basis action
402     switch (eval_mode) {
403       case CEED_EVAL_NONE:
404         break;  // No action
405       case CEED_EVAL_INTERP:
406       case CEED_EVAL_GRAD:
407       case CEED_EVAL_DIV:
408       case CEED_EVAL_CURL:
409         CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(op_output_fields[i], &basis));
410         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisApply(basis, num_elem, CEED_TRANSPOSE, eval_mode, impl->q_vecs_out[i], impl->e_vecs[i + impl->num_inputs]));
411         break;
412       // LCOV_EXCL_START
413       case CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT: {
414         return CeedError(CeedOperatorReturnCeed(op), CEED_ERROR_BACKEND, "CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT cannot be an output evaluation mode");
415         // LCOV_EXCL_STOP
416       }
417     }
418   }
419 
420   // Output restriction
421   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_output_fields; i++) {
422     CeedEvalMode        eval_mode;
423     CeedVector          vec;
424     CeedElemRestriction elem_rstr;
425 
426     // Restore evec
427     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_output_fields[i], &eval_mode));
428     if (eval_mode == CEED_EVAL_NONE) {
429       CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorRestoreArray(impl->e_vecs[i + impl->num_inputs], &e_data[i + num_input_fields]));
430     }
431     // Get output vector
432     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_output_fields[i], &vec));
433     // Restrict
434     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(op_output_fields[i], &elem_rstr));
435     // Active
436     if (vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) vec = out_vec;
437 
438     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionApply(elem_rstr, CEED_TRANSPOSE, impl->e_vecs[i + impl->num_inputs], vec, request));
439   }
440 
441   // Restore input arrays
442   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorRestoreInputs_Cuda(num_input_fields, qf_input_fields, op_input_fields, false, e_data, impl));
443   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
444 }
445 
446 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
447 // CeedOperator needs to connect all the named fields (be they active or passive) to the named inputs and outputs of its CeedQFunction.
448 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
449 static int CeedOperatorSetupAtPoints_Cuda(CeedOperator op) {
450   Ceed                ceed;
451   bool                is_setup_done;
452   CeedInt             max_num_points = -1, num_elem, num_input_fields, num_output_fields;
453   CeedQFunctionField *qf_input_fields, *qf_output_fields;
454   CeedQFunction       qf;
455   CeedOperatorField  *op_input_fields, *op_output_fields;
456   CeedOperator_Cuda  *impl;
457 
458   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorIsSetupDone(op, &is_setup_done));
459   if (is_setup_done) return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
460 
461   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetCeed(op, &ceed));
462   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetData(op, &impl));
463   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetQFunction(op, &qf));
464   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetNumElements(op, &num_elem));
465   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetFields(op, &num_input_fields, &op_input_fields, &num_output_fields, &op_output_fields));
466   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionGetFields(qf, NULL, &qf_input_fields, NULL, &qf_output_fields));
467   {
468     CeedElemRestriction elem_rstr = NULL;
469 
470     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorAtPointsGetPoints(op, &elem_rstr, NULL));
471     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetMaxPointsInElement(elem_rstr, &max_num_points));
472   }
473   impl->max_num_points = max_num_points;
474 
475   // Allocate
476   CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(num_input_fields + num_output_fields, &impl->e_vecs));
477   CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(CEED_FIELD_MAX, &impl->input_states));
478   CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(CEED_FIELD_MAX, &impl->q_vecs_in));
479   CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(CEED_FIELD_MAX, &impl->q_vecs_out));
480   impl->num_inputs  = num_input_fields;
481   impl->num_outputs = num_output_fields;
482 
483   // Set up infield and outfield e_vecs and q_vecs
484   // Infields
485   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorSetupFields_Cuda(qf, op, true, true, impl->e_vecs, impl->q_vecs_in, 0, num_input_fields, max_num_points, num_elem));
486   // Outfields
487   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorSetupFields_Cuda(qf, op, false, true, impl->e_vecs, impl->q_vecs_out, num_input_fields, num_output_fields,
488                                                max_num_points, num_elem));
489 
490   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorSetSetupDone(op));
491   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
492 }
493 
494 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
495 // Input Basis Action AtPoints
496 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
497 static inline int CeedOperatorInputBasisAtPoints_Cuda(CeedInt num_elem, const CeedInt *num_points, CeedQFunctionField *qf_input_fields,
498                                                       CeedOperatorField *op_input_fields, CeedInt num_input_fields, const bool skip_active,
499                                                       CeedScalar *e_data[2 * CEED_FIELD_MAX], CeedOperator_Cuda *impl) {
500   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_input_fields; i++) {
501     CeedInt             elem_size, size;
502     CeedEvalMode        eval_mode;
503     CeedElemRestriction elem_rstr;
504     CeedBasis           basis;
505 
506     // Skip active input
507     if (skip_active) {
508       CeedVector vec;
509 
510       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_input_fields[i], &vec));
511       if (vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) continue;
512     }
513     // Get elem_size, eval_mode, size
514     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(op_input_fields[i], &elem_rstr));
515     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetElementSize(elem_rstr, &elem_size));
516     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_input_fields[i], &eval_mode));
517     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetSize(qf_input_fields[i], &size));
518     // Basis action
519     switch (eval_mode) {
520       case CEED_EVAL_NONE:
521         CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorSetArray(impl->q_vecs_in[i], CEED_MEM_DEVICE, CEED_USE_POINTER, e_data[i]));
522         break;
523       case CEED_EVAL_INTERP:
524       case CEED_EVAL_GRAD:
525       case CEED_EVAL_DIV:
526       case CEED_EVAL_CURL:
527         CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(op_input_fields[i], &basis));
528         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisApplyAtPoints(basis, num_elem, num_points, CEED_NOTRANSPOSE, eval_mode, impl->point_coords_elem, impl->e_vecs[i],
529                                                impl->q_vecs_in[i]));
530         break;
531       case CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT:
532         break;  // No action
533     }
534   }
535   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
536 }
537 
538 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
539 // Apply and add to output AtPoints
540 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
541 static int CeedOperatorApplyAddAtPoints_Cuda(CeedOperator op, CeedVector in_vec, CeedVector out_vec, CeedRequest *request) {
542   CeedInt             max_num_points, num_elem, elem_size, num_input_fields, num_output_fields, size;
543   CeedScalar         *e_data[2 * CEED_FIELD_MAX] = {NULL};
544   CeedQFunctionField *qf_input_fields, *qf_output_fields;
545   CeedQFunction       qf;
546   CeedOperatorField  *op_input_fields, *op_output_fields;
547   CeedOperator_Cuda  *impl;
548 
549   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetData(op, &impl));
550   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetQFunction(op, &qf));
551   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetNumElements(op, &num_elem));
552   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetFields(op, &num_input_fields, &op_input_fields, &num_output_fields, &op_output_fields));
553   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionGetFields(qf, NULL, &qf_input_fields, NULL, &qf_output_fields));
554   CeedInt num_points[num_elem];
555 
556   // Setup
557   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorSetupAtPoints_Cuda(op));
558   max_num_points = impl->max_num_points;
559   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_elem; i++) num_points[i] = max_num_points;
560 
561   // Input Evecs and Restriction
562   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorSetupInputs_Cuda(num_input_fields, qf_input_fields, op_input_fields, in_vec, false, e_data, impl, request));
563 
564   // Get point coordinates
565   if (!impl->point_coords_elem) {
566     CeedVector          point_coords = NULL;
567     CeedElemRestriction rstr_points  = NULL;
568 
569     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorAtPointsGetPoints(op, &rstr_points, &point_coords));
570     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionCreateVector(rstr_points, NULL, &impl->point_coords_elem));
571     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionApply(rstr_points, CEED_NOTRANSPOSE, point_coords, impl->point_coords_elem, request));
572   }
573 
574   // Input basis apply if needed
575   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorInputBasisAtPoints_Cuda(num_elem, num_points, qf_input_fields, op_input_fields, num_input_fields, false, e_data, impl));
576 
577   // Output pointers, as necessary
578   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_output_fields; i++) {
579     CeedEvalMode eval_mode;
580 
581     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_output_fields[i], &eval_mode));
582     if (eval_mode == CEED_EVAL_NONE) {
583       // Set the output Q-Vector to use the E-Vector data directly.
584       CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetArrayWrite(impl->e_vecs[i + impl->num_inputs], CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &e_data[i + num_input_fields]));
585       CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorSetArray(impl->q_vecs_out[i], CEED_MEM_DEVICE, CEED_USE_POINTER, e_data[i + num_input_fields]));
586     }
587   }
588 
589   // Q function
590   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionApply(qf, num_elem * max_num_points, impl->q_vecs_in, impl->q_vecs_out));
591 
592   // Output basis apply if needed
593   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_output_fields; i++) {
594     CeedEvalMode        eval_mode;
595     CeedElemRestriction elem_rstr;
596     CeedBasis           basis;
597 
598     // Get elem_size, eval_mode, size
599     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(op_output_fields[i], &elem_rstr));
600     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetElementSize(elem_rstr, &elem_size));
601     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_output_fields[i], &eval_mode));
602     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetSize(qf_output_fields[i], &size));
603     // Basis action
604     switch (eval_mode) {
605       case CEED_EVAL_NONE:
606         break;  // No action
607       case CEED_EVAL_INTERP:
608       case CEED_EVAL_GRAD:
609       case CEED_EVAL_DIV:
610       case CEED_EVAL_CURL:
611         CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(op_output_fields[i], &basis));
612         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisApplyAtPoints(basis, num_elem, num_points, CEED_TRANSPOSE, eval_mode, impl->point_coords_elem, impl->q_vecs_out[i],
613                                                impl->e_vecs[i + impl->num_inputs]));
614         break;
615       // LCOV_EXCL_START
616       case CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT: {
617         return CeedError(CeedOperatorReturnCeed(op), CEED_ERROR_BACKEND, "CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT cannot be an output evaluation mode");
618         // LCOV_EXCL_STOP
619       }
620     }
621   }
622 
623   // Output restriction
624   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_output_fields; i++) {
625     CeedEvalMode        eval_mode;
626     CeedVector          vec;
627     CeedElemRestriction elem_rstr;
628 
629     // Restore evec
630     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_output_fields[i], &eval_mode));
631     if (eval_mode == CEED_EVAL_NONE) {
632       CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorRestoreArray(impl->e_vecs[i + impl->num_inputs], &e_data[i + num_input_fields]));
633     }
634     // Get output vector
635     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_output_fields[i], &vec));
636     // Restrict
637     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(op_output_fields[i], &elem_rstr));
638     // Active
639     if (vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) vec = out_vec;
640 
641     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionApply(elem_rstr, CEED_TRANSPOSE, impl->e_vecs[i + impl->num_inputs], vec, request));
642   }
643 
644   // Restore input arrays
645   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorRestoreInputs_Cuda(num_input_fields, qf_input_fields, op_input_fields, false, e_data, impl));
646   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
647 }
648 
649 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
650 // Linear QFunction Assembly Core
651 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
652 static inline int CeedOperatorLinearAssembleQFunctionCore_Cuda(CeedOperator op, bool build_objects, CeedVector *assembled, CeedElemRestriction *rstr,
653                                                                CeedRequest *request) {
654   Ceed                ceed, ceed_parent;
655   CeedInt             num_active_in, num_active_out, Q, num_elem, num_input_fields, num_output_fields, size;
656   CeedScalar         *assembled_array, *e_data[2 * CEED_FIELD_MAX] = {NULL};
657   CeedVector         *active_inputs;
658   CeedQFunctionField *qf_input_fields, *qf_output_fields;
659   CeedQFunction       qf;
660   CeedOperatorField  *op_input_fields, *op_output_fields;
661   CeedOperator_Cuda  *impl;
662 
663   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetCeed(op, &ceed));
664   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetFallbackParentCeed(op, &ceed_parent));
665   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetData(op, &impl));
666   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetNumQuadraturePoints(op, &Q));
667   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetNumElements(op, &num_elem));
668   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetQFunction(op, &qf));
669   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionGetFields(qf, NULL, &qf_input_fields, NULL, &qf_output_fields));
670   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetFields(op, &num_input_fields, &op_input_fields, &num_output_fields, &op_output_fields));
671   active_inputs = impl->qf_active_in;
672   num_active_in = impl->num_active_in, num_active_out = impl->num_active_out;
673 
674   // Setup
675   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorSetup_Cuda(op));
676 
677   // Input Evecs and Restriction
678   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorSetupInputs_Cuda(num_input_fields, qf_input_fields, op_input_fields, NULL, true, e_data, impl, request));
679 
680   // Count number of active input fields
681   if (!num_active_in) {
682     for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_input_fields; i++) {
683       CeedScalar *q_vec_array;
684       CeedVector  vec;
685 
686       // Get input vector
687       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_input_fields[i], &vec));
688       // Check if active input
689       if (vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) {
690         CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetSize(qf_input_fields[i], &size));
691         CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorSetValue(impl->q_vecs_in[i], 0.0));
692         CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetArray(impl->q_vecs_in[i], CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &q_vec_array));
693         CeedCallBackend(CeedRealloc(num_active_in + size, &active_inputs));
694         for (CeedInt field = 0; field < size; field++) {
695           CeedSize q_size = (CeedSize)Q * num_elem;
696 
697           CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorCreate(ceed, q_size, &active_inputs[num_active_in + field]));
698           CeedCallBackend(
699               CeedVectorSetArray(active_inputs[num_active_in + field], CEED_MEM_DEVICE, CEED_USE_POINTER, &q_vec_array[field * Q * num_elem]));
700         }
701         num_active_in += size;
702         CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorRestoreArray(impl->q_vecs_in[i], &q_vec_array));
703       }
704     }
705     impl->num_active_in = num_active_in;
706     impl->qf_active_in  = active_inputs;
707   }
708 
709   // Count number of active output fields
710   if (!num_active_out) {
711     for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_output_fields; i++) {
712       CeedVector vec;
713 
714       // Get output vector
715       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_output_fields[i], &vec));
716       // Check if active output
717       if (vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) {
718         CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetSize(qf_output_fields[i], &size));
719         num_active_out += size;
720       }
721     }
722     impl->num_active_out = num_active_out;
723   }
724 
725   // Check sizes
726   CeedCheck(num_active_in > 0 && num_active_out > 0, ceed, CEED_ERROR_BACKEND, "Cannot assemble QFunction without active inputs and outputs");
727 
728   // Build objects if needed
729   if (build_objects) {
730     CeedSize l_size     = (CeedSize)num_elem * Q * num_active_in * num_active_out;
731     CeedInt  strides[3] = {1, num_elem * Q, Q}; /* *NOPAD* */
732 
733     // Create output restriction
734     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionCreateStrided(ceed_parent, num_elem, Q, num_active_in * num_active_out,
735                                                      (CeedSize)num_active_in * (CeedSize)num_active_out * (CeedSize)num_elem * (CeedSize)Q, strides,
736                                                      rstr));
737     // Create assembled vector
738     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorCreate(ceed_parent, l_size, assembled));
739   }
740   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorSetValue(*assembled, 0.0));
741   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetArray(*assembled, CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &assembled_array));
742 
743   // Input basis apply
744   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorInputBasis_Cuda(num_elem, qf_input_fields, op_input_fields, num_input_fields, true, e_data, impl));
745 
746   // Assemble QFunction
747   for (CeedInt in = 0; in < num_active_in; in++) {
748     // Set Inputs
749     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorSetValue(active_inputs[in], 1.0));
750     if (num_active_in > 1) {
751       CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorSetValue(active_inputs[(in + num_active_in - 1) % num_active_in], 0.0));
752     }
753     // Set Outputs
754     for (CeedInt out = 0; out < num_output_fields; out++) {
755       CeedVector vec;
756 
757       // Get output vector
758       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_output_fields[out], &vec));
759       // Check if active output
760       if (vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) {
761         CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorSetArray(impl->q_vecs_out[out], CEED_MEM_DEVICE, CEED_USE_POINTER, assembled_array));
762         CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetSize(qf_output_fields[out], &size));
763         assembled_array += size * Q * num_elem;  // Advance the pointer by the size of the output
764       }
765     }
766     // Apply QFunction
767     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionApply(qf, Q * num_elem, impl->q_vecs_in, impl->q_vecs_out));
768   }
769 
770   // Un-set output q_vecs to prevent accidental overwrite of Assembled
771   for (CeedInt out = 0; out < num_output_fields; out++) {
772     CeedVector vec;
773 
774     // Get output vector
775     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_output_fields[out], &vec));
776     // Check if active output
777     if (vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) {
778       CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorTakeArray(impl->q_vecs_out[out], CEED_MEM_DEVICE, NULL));
779     }
780   }
781 
782   // Restore input arrays
783   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorRestoreInputs_Cuda(num_input_fields, qf_input_fields, op_input_fields, true, e_data, impl));
784 
785   // Restore output
786   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorRestoreArray(*assembled, &assembled_array));
787   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
788 }
789 
790 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
791 // Assemble Linear QFunction
792 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
793 static int CeedOperatorLinearAssembleQFunction_Cuda(CeedOperator op, CeedVector *assembled, CeedElemRestriction *rstr, CeedRequest *request) {
794   return CeedOperatorLinearAssembleQFunctionCore_Cuda(op, true, assembled, rstr, request);
795 }
796 
797 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
798 // Update Assembled Linear QFunction
799 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
800 static int CeedOperatorLinearAssembleQFunctionUpdate_Cuda(CeedOperator op, CeedVector assembled, CeedElemRestriction rstr, CeedRequest *request) {
801   return CeedOperatorLinearAssembleQFunctionCore_Cuda(op, false, &assembled, &rstr, request);
802 }
803 
804 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
805 // Assemble Diagonal Setup
806 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
807 static inline int CeedOperatorAssembleDiagonalSetup_Cuda(CeedOperator op) {
808   Ceed                ceed;
809   CeedInt             num_input_fields, num_output_fields, num_eval_modes_in = 0, num_eval_modes_out = 0;
810   CeedInt             q_comp, num_nodes, num_qpts;
811   CeedEvalMode       *eval_modes_in = NULL, *eval_modes_out = NULL;
812   CeedBasis           basis_in = NULL, basis_out = NULL;
813   CeedQFunctionField *qf_fields;
814   CeedQFunction       qf;
815   CeedOperatorField  *op_fields;
816   CeedOperator_Cuda  *impl;
817 
818   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetCeed(op, &ceed));
819   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetQFunction(op, &qf));
820   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionGetNumArgs(qf, &num_input_fields, &num_output_fields));
821 
822   // Determine active input basis
823   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetFields(op, NULL, &op_fields, NULL, NULL));
824   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionGetFields(qf, NULL, &qf_fields, NULL, NULL));
825   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_input_fields; i++) {
826     CeedVector vec;
827 
828     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_fields[i], &vec));
829     if (vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) {
830       CeedBasis    basis;
831       CeedEvalMode eval_mode;
832 
833       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(op_fields[i], &basis));
834       CeedCheck(!basis_in || basis_in == basis, ceed, CEED_ERROR_BACKEND,
835                 "Backend does not implement operator diagonal assembly with multiple active bases");
836       basis_in = basis;
837       CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_fields[i], &eval_mode));
838       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadratureComponents(basis_in, eval_mode, &q_comp));
839       if (eval_mode != CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT) {
840         // q_comp = 1 if CEED_EVAL_NONE, CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT caught by QF assembly
841         CeedCallBackend(CeedRealloc(num_eval_modes_in + q_comp, &eval_modes_in));
842         for (CeedInt d = 0; d < q_comp; d++) eval_modes_in[num_eval_modes_in + d] = eval_mode;
843         num_eval_modes_in += q_comp;
844       }
845     }
846   }
847 
848   // Determine active output basis
849   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetFields(op, NULL, NULL, NULL, &op_fields));
850   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionGetFields(qf, NULL, NULL, NULL, &qf_fields));
851   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_output_fields; i++) {
852     CeedVector vec;
853 
854     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_fields[i], &vec));
855     if (vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) {
856       CeedBasis    basis;
857       CeedEvalMode eval_mode;
858 
859       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(op_fields[i], &basis));
860       CeedCheck(!basis_out || basis_out == basis, ceed, CEED_ERROR_BACKEND,
861                 "Backend does not implement operator diagonal assembly with multiple active bases");
862       basis_out = basis;
863       CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_fields[i], &eval_mode));
864       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadratureComponents(basis_out, eval_mode, &q_comp));
865       if (eval_mode != CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT) {
866         // q_comp = 1 if CEED_EVAL_NONE, CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT caught by QF assembly
867         CeedCallBackend(CeedRealloc(num_eval_modes_out + q_comp, &eval_modes_out));
868         for (CeedInt d = 0; d < q_comp; d++) eval_modes_out[num_eval_modes_out + d] = eval_mode;
869         num_eval_modes_out += q_comp;
870       }
871     }
872   }
873 
874   // Operator data struct
875   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetData(op, &impl));
876   CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(1, &impl->diag));
877   CeedOperatorDiag_Cuda *diag = impl->diag;
878 
879   // Basis matrices
880   CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumNodes(basis_in, &num_nodes));
881   if (basis_in == CEED_BASIS_NONE) num_qpts = num_nodes;
882   else CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadraturePoints(basis_in, &num_qpts));
883   const CeedInt interp_bytes     = num_nodes * num_qpts * sizeof(CeedScalar);
884   const CeedInt eval_modes_bytes = sizeof(CeedEvalMode);
885   bool          has_eval_none    = false;
886 
887   // CEED_EVAL_NONE
888   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_eval_modes_in; i++) has_eval_none = has_eval_none || (eval_modes_in[i] == CEED_EVAL_NONE);
889   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_eval_modes_out; i++) has_eval_none = has_eval_none || (eval_modes_out[i] == CEED_EVAL_NONE);
890   if (has_eval_none) {
891     CeedScalar *identity = NULL;
892 
893     CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(num_nodes * num_qpts, &identity));
894     for (CeedInt i = 0; i < (num_nodes < num_qpts ? num_nodes : num_qpts); i++) identity[i * num_nodes + i] = 1.0;
895     CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaMalloc((void **)&diag->d_identity, interp_bytes));
896     CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaMemcpy(diag->d_identity, identity, interp_bytes, cudaMemcpyHostToDevice));
897     CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&identity));
898   }
899 
900   // CEED_EVAL_INTERP, CEED_EVAL_GRAD, CEED_EVAL_DIV, and CEED_EVAL_CURL
901   for (CeedInt in = 0; in < 2; in++) {
902     CeedFESpace fespace;
903     CeedBasis   basis = in ? basis_in : basis_out;
904 
905     CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetFESpace(basis, &fespace));
906     switch (fespace) {
907       case CEED_FE_SPACE_H1: {
908         CeedInt           q_comp_interp, q_comp_grad;
909         const CeedScalar *interp, *grad;
910         CeedScalar       *d_interp, *d_grad;
911 
912         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadratureComponents(basis, CEED_EVAL_INTERP, &q_comp_interp));
913         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadratureComponents(basis, CEED_EVAL_GRAD, &q_comp_grad));
914 
915         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetInterp(basis, &interp));
916         CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaMalloc((void **)&d_interp, interp_bytes * q_comp_interp));
917         CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaMemcpy(d_interp, interp, interp_bytes * q_comp_interp, cudaMemcpyHostToDevice));
918         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetGrad(basis, &grad));
919         CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaMalloc((void **)&d_grad, interp_bytes * q_comp_grad));
920         CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaMemcpy(d_grad, grad, interp_bytes * q_comp_grad, cudaMemcpyHostToDevice));
921         if (in) {
922           diag->d_interp_in = d_interp;
923           diag->d_grad_in   = d_grad;
924         } else {
925           diag->d_interp_out = d_interp;
926           diag->d_grad_out   = d_grad;
927         }
928       } break;
929       case CEED_FE_SPACE_HDIV: {
930         CeedInt           q_comp_interp, q_comp_div;
931         const CeedScalar *interp, *div;
932         CeedScalar       *d_interp, *d_div;
933 
934         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadratureComponents(basis, CEED_EVAL_INTERP, &q_comp_interp));
935         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadratureComponents(basis, CEED_EVAL_DIV, &q_comp_div));
936 
937         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetInterp(basis, &interp));
938         CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaMalloc((void **)&d_interp, interp_bytes * q_comp_interp));
939         CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaMemcpy(d_interp, interp, interp_bytes * q_comp_interp, cudaMemcpyHostToDevice));
940         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetDiv(basis, &div));
941         CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaMalloc((void **)&d_div, interp_bytes * q_comp_div));
942         CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaMemcpy(d_div, div, interp_bytes * q_comp_div, cudaMemcpyHostToDevice));
943         if (in) {
944           diag->d_interp_in = d_interp;
945           diag->d_div_in    = d_div;
946         } else {
947           diag->d_interp_out = d_interp;
948           diag->d_div_out    = d_div;
949         }
950       } break;
951       case CEED_FE_SPACE_HCURL: {
952         CeedInt           q_comp_interp, q_comp_curl;
953         const CeedScalar *interp, *curl;
954         CeedScalar       *d_interp, *d_curl;
955 
956         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadratureComponents(basis, CEED_EVAL_INTERP, &q_comp_interp));
957         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadratureComponents(basis, CEED_EVAL_CURL, &q_comp_curl));
958 
959         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetInterp(basis, &interp));
960         CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaMalloc((void **)&d_interp, interp_bytes * q_comp_interp));
961         CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaMemcpy(d_interp, interp, interp_bytes * q_comp_interp, cudaMemcpyHostToDevice));
962         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetCurl(basis, &curl));
963         CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaMalloc((void **)&d_curl, interp_bytes * q_comp_curl));
964         CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaMemcpy(d_curl, curl, interp_bytes * q_comp_curl, cudaMemcpyHostToDevice));
965         if (in) {
966           diag->d_interp_in = d_interp;
967           diag->d_curl_in   = d_curl;
968         } else {
969           diag->d_interp_out = d_interp;
970           diag->d_curl_out   = d_curl;
971         }
972       } break;
973     }
974   }
975 
976   // Arrays of eval_modes
977   CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaMalloc((void **)&diag->d_eval_modes_in, num_eval_modes_in * eval_modes_bytes));
978   CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaMemcpy(diag->d_eval_modes_in, eval_modes_in, num_eval_modes_in * eval_modes_bytes, cudaMemcpyHostToDevice));
979   CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaMalloc((void **)&diag->d_eval_modes_out, num_eval_modes_out * eval_modes_bytes));
980   CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaMemcpy(diag->d_eval_modes_out, eval_modes_out, num_eval_modes_out * eval_modes_bytes, cudaMemcpyHostToDevice));
981   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&eval_modes_in));
982   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&eval_modes_out));
983   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
984 }
985 
986 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
987 // Assemble Diagonal Setup (Compilation)
988 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
989 static inline int CeedOperatorAssembleDiagonalSetupCompile_Cuda(CeedOperator op, CeedInt use_ceedsize_idx, const bool is_point_block) {
990   Ceed                ceed;
991   char               *diagonal_kernel_source;
992   const char         *diagonal_kernel_path;
993   CeedInt             num_input_fields, num_output_fields, num_eval_modes_in = 0, num_eval_modes_out = 0;
994   CeedInt             num_comp, q_comp, num_nodes, num_qpts;
995   CeedBasis           basis_in = NULL, basis_out = NULL;
996   CeedQFunctionField *qf_fields;
997   CeedQFunction       qf;
998   CeedOperatorField  *op_fields;
999   CeedOperator_Cuda  *impl;
1000 
1001   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetCeed(op, &ceed));
1002   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetQFunction(op, &qf));
1003   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionGetNumArgs(qf, &num_input_fields, &num_output_fields));
1004 
1005   // Determine active input basis
1006   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetFields(op, NULL, &op_fields, NULL, NULL));
1007   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionGetFields(qf, NULL, &qf_fields, NULL, NULL));
1008   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_input_fields; i++) {
1009     CeedVector vec;
1010 
1011     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_fields[i], &vec));
1012     if (vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) {
1013       CeedEvalMode eval_mode;
1014 
1015       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(op_fields[i], &basis_in));
1016       CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_fields[i], &eval_mode));
1017       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadratureComponents(basis_in, eval_mode, &q_comp));
1018       if (eval_mode != CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT) {
1019         num_eval_modes_in += q_comp;
1020       }
1021     }
1022   }
1023 
1024   // Determine active output basis
1025   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetFields(op, NULL, NULL, NULL, &op_fields));
1026   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionGetFields(qf, NULL, NULL, NULL, &qf_fields));
1027   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_output_fields; i++) {
1028     CeedVector vec;
1029 
1030     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_fields[i], &vec));
1031     if (vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) {
1032       CeedEvalMode eval_mode;
1033 
1034       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(op_fields[i], &basis_out));
1035       CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_fields[i], &eval_mode));
1036       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadratureComponents(basis_out, eval_mode, &q_comp));
1037       if (eval_mode != CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT) {
1038         num_eval_modes_out += q_comp;
1039       }
1040     }
1041   }
1042 
1043   // Operator data struct
1044   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetData(op, &impl));
1045   CeedOperatorDiag_Cuda *diag = impl->diag;
1046 
1047   // Assemble kernel
1048   CUmodule *module          = is_point_block ? &diag->module_point_block : &diag->module;
1049   CeedInt   elems_per_block = 1;
1050   CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumNodes(basis_in, &num_nodes));
1051   CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumComponents(basis_in, &num_comp));
1052   if (basis_in == CEED_BASIS_NONE) num_qpts = num_nodes;
1053   else CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadraturePoints(basis_in, &num_qpts));
1054   CeedCallBackend(CeedGetJitAbsolutePath(ceed, "ceed/jit-source/cuda/cuda-ref-operator-assemble-diagonal.h", &diagonal_kernel_path));
1055   CeedDebug256(ceed, CEED_DEBUG_COLOR_SUCCESS, "----- Loading Diagonal Assembly Kernel Source -----\n");
1056   CeedCallBackend(CeedLoadSourceToBuffer(ceed, diagonal_kernel_path, &diagonal_kernel_source));
1057   CeedDebug256(ceed, CEED_DEBUG_COLOR_SUCCESS, "----- Loading Diagonal Assembly Source Complete! -----\n");
1058   CeedCallCuda(ceed, CeedCompile_Cuda(ceed, diagonal_kernel_source, module, 8, "NUM_EVAL_MODES_IN", num_eval_modes_in, "NUM_EVAL_MODES_OUT",
1059                                       num_eval_modes_out, "NUM_COMP", num_comp, "NUM_NODES", num_nodes, "NUM_QPTS", num_qpts, "USE_CEEDSIZE",
1060                                       use_ceedsize_idx, "USE_POINT_BLOCK", is_point_block ? 1 : 0, "BLOCK_SIZE", num_nodes * elems_per_block));
1061   CeedCallCuda(ceed, CeedGetKernel_Cuda(ceed, *module, "LinearDiagonal", is_point_block ? &diag->LinearPointBlock : &diag->LinearDiagonal));
1062   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&diagonal_kernel_path));
1063   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&diagonal_kernel_source));
1064   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
1065 }
1066 
1067 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1068 // Assemble Diagonal Core
1069 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1070 static inline int CeedOperatorAssembleDiagonalCore_Cuda(CeedOperator op, CeedVector assembled, CeedRequest *request, const bool is_point_block) {
1071   Ceed                ceed;
1072   CeedInt             num_elem, num_nodes;
1073   CeedScalar         *elem_diag_array;
1074   const CeedScalar   *assembled_qf_array;
1075   CeedVector          assembled_qf   = NULL, elem_diag;
1076   CeedElemRestriction assembled_rstr = NULL, rstr_in, rstr_out, diag_rstr;
1077   CeedOperator_Cuda  *impl;
1078 
1079   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetCeed(op, &ceed));
1080   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetData(op, &impl));
1081 
1082   // Assemble QFunction
1083   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorLinearAssembleQFunctionBuildOrUpdate(op, &assembled_qf, &assembled_rstr, request));
1084   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&assembled_rstr));
1085   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetArrayRead(assembled_qf, CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &assembled_qf_array));
1086 
1087   // Setup
1088   if (!impl->diag) CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorAssembleDiagonalSetup_Cuda(op));
1089   CeedOperatorDiag_Cuda *diag = impl->diag;
1090 
1091   assert(diag != NULL);
1092 
1093   // Assemble kernel if needed
1094   if ((!is_point_block && !diag->LinearDiagonal) || (is_point_block && !diag->LinearPointBlock)) {
1095     CeedSize assembled_length, assembled_qf_length;
1096     CeedInt  use_ceedsize_idx = 0;
1097     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetLength(assembled, &assembled_length));
1098     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetLength(assembled_qf, &assembled_qf_length));
1099     if ((assembled_length > INT_MAX) || (assembled_qf_length > INT_MAX)) use_ceedsize_idx = 1;
1100 
1101     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorAssembleDiagonalSetupCompile_Cuda(op, use_ceedsize_idx, is_point_block));
1102   }
1103 
1104   // Restriction and diagonal vector
1105   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetActiveElemRestrictions(op, &rstr_in, &rstr_out));
1106   CeedCheck(rstr_in == rstr_out, ceed, CEED_ERROR_BACKEND,
1107             "Cannot assemble operator diagonal with different input and output active element restrictions");
1108   if (!is_point_block && !diag->diag_rstr) {
1109     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionCreateUnsignedCopy(rstr_out, &diag->diag_rstr));
1110     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionCreateVector(diag->diag_rstr, NULL, &diag->elem_diag));
1111   } else if (is_point_block && !diag->point_block_diag_rstr) {
1112     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorCreateActivePointBlockRestriction(rstr_out, &diag->point_block_diag_rstr));
1113     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionCreateVector(diag->point_block_diag_rstr, NULL, &diag->point_block_elem_diag));
1114   }
1115   diag_rstr = is_point_block ? diag->point_block_diag_rstr : diag->diag_rstr;
1116   elem_diag = is_point_block ? diag->point_block_elem_diag : diag->elem_diag;
1117   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorSetValue(elem_diag, 0.0));
1118 
1119   // Only assemble diagonal if the basis has nodes, otherwise inputs are null pointers
1120   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetElementSize(diag_rstr, &num_nodes));
1121   if (num_nodes > 0) {
1122     // Assemble element operator diagonals
1123     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetNumElements(diag_rstr, &num_elem));
1124     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetArray(elem_diag, CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &elem_diag_array));
1125 
1126     // Compute the diagonal of B^T D B
1127     CeedInt elems_per_block = 1;
1128     CeedInt grid            = CeedDivUpInt(num_elem, elems_per_block);
1129     void   *args[]          = {(void *)&num_elem,      &diag->d_identity,       &diag->d_interp_in,  &diag->d_grad_in, &diag->d_div_in,
1130                                &diag->d_curl_in,       &diag->d_interp_out,     &diag->d_grad_out,   &diag->d_div_out, &diag->d_curl_out,
1131                                &diag->d_eval_modes_in, &diag->d_eval_modes_out, &assembled_qf_array, &elem_diag_array};
1132 
1133     if (is_point_block) {
1134       CeedCallBackend(CeedRunKernelDim_Cuda(ceed, diag->LinearPointBlock, grid, num_nodes, 1, elems_per_block, args));
1135     } else {
1136       CeedCallBackend(CeedRunKernelDim_Cuda(ceed, diag->LinearDiagonal, grid, num_nodes, 1, elems_per_block, args));
1137     }
1138 
1139     // Restore arrays
1140     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorRestoreArray(elem_diag, &elem_diag_array));
1141     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorRestoreArrayRead(assembled_qf, &assembled_qf_array));
1142   }
1143 
1144   // Assemble local operator diagonal
1145   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionApply(diag_rstr, CEED_TRANSPOSE, elem_diag, assembled, request));
1146 
1147   // Cleanup
1148   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&assembled_qf));
1149   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
1150 }
1151 
1152 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1153 // Assemble Linear Diagonal
1154 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1155 static int CeedOperatorLinearAssembleAddDiagonal_Cuda(CeedOperator op, CeedVector assembled, CeedRequest *request) {
1156   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorAssembleDiagonalCore_Cuda(op, assembled, request, false));
1157   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
1158 }
1159 
1160 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1161 // Assemble Linear Point Block Diagonal
1162 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1163 static int CeedOperatorLinearAssembleAddPointBlockDiagonal_Cuda(CeedOperator op, CeedVector assembled, CeedRequest *request) {
1164   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorAssembleDiagonalCore_Cuda(op, assembled, request, true));
1165   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
1166 }
1167 
1168 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1169 // Single Operator Assembly Setup
1170 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1171 static int CeedSingleOperatorAssembleSetup_Cuda(CeedOperator op, CeedInt use_ceedsize_idx) {
1172   Ceed                ceed;
1173   Ceed_Cuda          *cuda_data;
1174   char               *assembly_kernel_source;
1175   const char         *assembly_kernel_path;
1176   CeedInt             num_input_fields, num_output_fields, num_eval_modes_in = 0, num_eval_modes_out = 0;
1177   CeedInt             elem_size_in, num_qpts_in = 0, num_comp_in, elem_size_out, num_qpts_out, num_comp_out, q_comp;
1178   CeedEvalMode       *eval_modes_in = NULL, *eval_modes_out = NULL;
1179   CeedElemRestriction rstr_in = NULL, rstr_out = NULL;
1180   CeedBasis           basis_in = NULL, basis_out = NULL;
1181   CeedQFunctionField *qf_fields;
1182   CeedQFunction       qf;
1183   CeedOperatorField  *input_fields, *output_fields;
1184   CeedOperator_Cuda  *impl;
1185 
1186   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetCeed(op, &ceed));
1187   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetData(op, &impl));
1188 
1189   // Get intput and output fields
1190   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetFields(op, &num_input_fields, &input_fields, &num_output_fields, &output_fields));
1191 
1192   // Determine active input basis eval mode
1193   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetQFunction(op, &qf));
1194   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionGetFields(qf, NULL, &qf_fields, NULL, NULL));
1195   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_input_fields; i++) {
1196     CeedVector vec;
1197 
1198     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(input_fields[i], &vec));
1199     if (vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) {
1200       CeedBasis    basis;
1201       CeedEvalMode eval_mode;
1202 
1203       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(input_fields[i], &basis));
1204       CeedCheck(!basis_in || basis_in == basis, ceed, CEED_ERROR_BACKEND, "Backend does not implement operator assembly with multiple active bases");
1205       basis_in = basis;
1206       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(input_fields[i], &rstr_in));
1207       CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetElementSize(rstr_in, &elem_size_in));
1208       if (basis_in == CEED_BASIS_NONE) num_qpts_in = elem_size_in;
1209       else CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadraturePoints(basis_in, &num_qpts_in));
1210       CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_fields[i], &eval_mode));
1211       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadratureComponents(basis_in, eval_mode, &q_comp));
1212       if (eval_mode != CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT) {
1213         // q_comp = 1 if CEED_EVAL_NONE, CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT caught by QF Assembly
1214         CeedCallBackend(CeedRealloc(num_eval_modes_in + q_comp, &eval_modes_in));
1215         for (CeedInt d = 0; d < q_comp; d++) {
1216           eval_modes_in[num_eval_modes_in + d] = eval_mode;
1217         }
1218         num_eval_modes_in += q_comp;
1219       }
1220     }
1221   }
1222 
1223   // Determine active output basis; basis_out and rstr_out only used if same as input, TODO
1224   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionGetFields(qf, NULL, NULL, NULL, &qf_fields));
1225   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_output_fields; i++) {
1226     CeedVector vec;
1227 
1228     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(output_fields[i], &vec));
1229     if (vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) {
1230       CeedBasis    basis;
1231       CeedEvalMode eval_mode;
1232 
1233       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(output_fields[i], &basis));
1234       CeedCheck(!basis_out || basis_out == basis, ceed, CEED_ERROR_BACKEND,
1235                 "Backend does not implement operator assembly with multiple active bases");
1236       basis_out = basis;
1237       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(output_fields[i], &rstr_out));
1238       CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetElementSize(rstr_out, &elem_size_out));
1239       if (basis_out == CEED_BASIS_NONE) num_qpts_out = elem_size_out;
1240       else CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadraturePoints(basis_out, &num_qpts_out));
1241       CeedCheck(num_qpts_in == num_qpts_out, ceed, CEED_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED,
1242                 "Active input and output bases must have the same number of quadrature points");
1243       CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_fields[i], &eval_mode));
1244       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadratureComponents(basis_out, eval_mode, &q_comp));
1245       if (eval_mode != CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT) {
1246         // q_comp = 1 if CEED_EVAL_NONE, CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT caught by QF Assembly
1247         CeedCallBackend(CeedRealloc(num_eval_modes_out + q_comp, &eval_modes_out));
1248         for (CeedInt d = 0; d < q_comp; d++) {
1249           eval_modes_out[num_eval_modes_out + d] = eval_mode;
1250         }
1251         num_eval_modes_out += q_comp;
1252       }
1253     }
1254   }
1255   CeedCheck(num_eval_modes_in > 0 && num_eval_modes_out > 0, ceed, CEED_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED, "Cannot assemble operator without inputs/outputs");
1256 
1257   CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(1, &impl->asmb));
1258   CeedOperatorAssemble_Cuda *asmb = impl->asmb;
1259   asmb->elems_per_block           = 1;
1260   asmb->block_size_x              = elem_size_in;
1261   asmb->block_size_y              = elem_size_out;
1262 
1263   CeedCallBackend(CeedGetData(ceed, &cuda_data));
1264   bool fallback = asmb->block_size_x * asmb->block_size_y * asmb->elems_per_block > cuda_data->device_prop.maxThreadsPerBlock;
1265 
1266   if (fallback) {
1267     // Use fallback kernel with 1D threadblock
1268     asmb->block_size_y = 1;
1269   }
1270 
1271   // Compile kernels
1272   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetNumComponents(rstr_in, &num_comp_in));
1273   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetNumComponents(rstr_out, &num_comp_out));
1274   CeedCallBackend(CeedGetJitAbsolutePath(ceed, "ceed/jit-source/cuda/cuda-ref-operator-assemble.h", &assembly_kernel_path));
1275   CeedDebug256(ceed, CEED_DEBUG_COLOR_SUCCESS, "----- Loading Assembly Kernel Source -----\n");
1276   CeedCallBackend(CeedLoadSourceToBuffer(ceed, assembly_kernel_path, &assembly_kernel_source));
1277   CeedDebug256(ceed, CEED_DEBUG_COLOR_SUCCESS, "----- Loading Assembly Source Complete! -----\n");
1278   CeedCallBackend(CeedCompile_Cuda(ceed, assembly_kernel_source, &asmb->module, 10, "NUM_EVAL_MODES_IN", num_eval_modes_in, "NUM_EVAL_MODES_OUT",
1279                                    num_eval_modes_out, "NUM_COMP_IN", num_comp_in, "NUM_COMP_OUT", num_comp_out, "NUM_NODES_IN", elem_size_in,
1280                                    "NUM_NODES_OUT", elem_size_out, "NUM_QPTS", num_qpts_in, "BLOCK_SIZE",
1281                                    asmb->block_size_x * asmb->block_size_y * asmb->elems_per_block, "BLOCK_SIZE_Y", asmb->block_size_y,
1282                                    "USE_CEEDSIZE", use_ceedsize_idx));
1283   CeedCallBackend(CeedGetKernel_Cuda(ceed, asmb->module, "LinearAssemble", &asmb->LinearAssemble));
1284   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&assembly_kernel_path));
1285   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&assembly_kernel_source));
1286 
1287   // Load into B_in, in order that they will be used in eval_modes_in
1288   {
1289     const CeedInt in_bytes           = elem_size_in * num_qpts_in * num_eval_modes_in * sizeof(CeedScalar);
1290     CeedInt       d_in               = 0;
1291     CeedEvalMode  eval_modes_in_prev = CEED_EVAL_NONE;
1292     bool          has_eval_none      = false;
1293     CeedScalar   *identity           = NULL;
1294 
1295     for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_eval_modes_in; i++) {
1296       has_eval_none = has_eval_none || (eval_modes_in[i] == CEED_EVAL_NONE);
1297     }
1298     if (has_eval_none) {
1299       CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(elem_size_in * num_qpts_in, &identity));
1300       for (CeedInt i = 0; i < (elem_size_in < num_qpts_in ? elem_size_in : num_qpts_in); i++) identity[i * elem_size_in + i] = 1.0;
1301     }
1302 
1303     CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaMalloc((void **)&asmb->d_B_in, in_bytes));
1304     for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_eval_modes_in; i++) {
1305       const CeedScalar *h_B_in;
1306 
1307       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetBasisPointer(basis_in, eval_modes_in[i], identity, &h_B_in));
1308       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadratureComponents(basis_in, eval_modes_in[i], &q_comp));
1309       if (q_comp > 1) {
1310         if (i == 0 || eval_modes_in[i] != eval_modes_in_prev) d_in = 0;
1311         else h_B_in = &h_B_in[(++d_in) * elem_size_in * num_qpts_in];
1312       }
1313       eval_modes_in_prev = eval_modes_in[i];
1314 
1315       CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaMemcpy(&asmb->d_B_in[i * elem_size_in * num_qpts_in], h_B_in, elem_size_in * num_qpts_in * sizeof(CeedScalar),
1316                                     cudaMemcpyHostToDevice));
1317     }
1318 
1319     if (identity) {
1320       CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&identity));
1321     }
1322   }
1323 
1324   // Load into B_out, in order that they will be used in eval_modes_out
1325   {
1326     const CeedInt out_bytes           = elem_size_out * num_qpts_out * num_eval_modes_out * sizeof(CeedScalar);
1327     CeedInt       d_out               = 0;
1328     CeedEvalMode  eval_modes_out_prev = CEED_EVAL_NONE;
1329     bool          has_eval_none       = false;
1330     CeedScalar   *identity            = NULL;
1331 
1332     for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_eval_modes_out; i++) {
1333       has_eval_none = has_eval_none || (eval_modes_out[i] == CEED_EVAL_NONE);
1334     }
1335     if (has_eval_none) {
1336       CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(elem_size_out * num_qpts_out, &identity));
1337       for (CeedInt i = 0; i < (elem_size_out < num_qpts_out ? elem_size_out : num_qpts_out); i++) identity[i * elem_size_out + i] = 1.0;
1338     }
1339 
1340     CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaMalloc((void **)&asmb->d_B_out, out_bytes));
1341     for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_eval_modes_out; i++) {
1342       const CeedScalar *h_B_out;
1343 
1344       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetBasisPointer(basis_out, eval_modes_out[i], identity, &h_B_out));
1345       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadratureComponents(basis_out, eval_modes_out[i], &q_comp));
1346       if (q_comp > 1) {
1347         if (i == 0 || eval_modes_out[i] != eval_modes_out_prev) d_out = 0;
1348         else h_B_out = &h_B_out[(++d_out) * elem_size_out * num_qpts_out];
1349       }
1350       eval_modes_out_prev = eval_modes_out[i];
1351 
1352       CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaMemcpy(&asmb->d_B_out[i * elem_size_out * num_qpts_out], h_B_out, elem_size_out * num_qpts_out * sizeof(CeedScalar),
1353                                     cudaMemcpyHostToDevice));
1354     }
1355 
1356     if (identity) {
1357       CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&identity));
1358     }
1359   }
1360   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
1361 }
1362 
1363 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1364 // Assemble matrix data for COO matrix of assembled operator.
1365 // The sparsity pattern is set by CeedOperatorLinearAssembleSymbolic.
1366 //
1367 // Note that this (and other assembly routines) currently assume only one active input restriction/basis per operator (could have multiple basis eval
1368 // modes).
1369 // TODO: allow multiple active input restrictions/basis objects
1370 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1371 static int CeedSingleOperatorAssemble_Cuda(CeedOperator op, CeedInt offset, CeedVector values) {
1372   Ceed                ceed;
1373   CeedSize            values_length = 0, assembled_qf_length = 0;
1374   CeedInt             use_ceedsize_idx = 0, num_elem_in, num_elem_out, elem_size_in, elem_size_out;
1375   CeedScalar         *values_array;
1376   const CeedScalar   *assembled_qf_array;
1377   CeedVector          assembled_qf   = NULL;
1378   CeedElemRestriction assembled_rstr = NULL, rstr_in, rstr_out;
1379   CeedRestrictionType rstr_type_in, rstr_type_out;
1380   const bool         *orients_in = NULL, *orients_out = NULL;
1381   const CeedInt8     *curl_orients_in = NULL, *curl_orients_out = NULL;
1382   CeedOperator_Cuda  *impl;
1383 
1384   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetCeed(op, &ceed));
1385   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetData(op, &impl));
1386 
1387   // Assemble QFunction
1388   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorLinearAssembleQFunctionBuildOrUpdate(op, &assembled_qf, &assembled_rstr, CEED_REQUEST_IMMEDIATE));
1389   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&assembled_rstr));
1390   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetArrayRead(assembled_qf, CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &assembled_qf_array));
1391 
1392   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetLength(values, &values_length));
1393   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetLength(assembled_qf, &assembled_qf_length));
1394   if ((values_length > INT_MAX) || (assembled_qf_length > INT_MAX)) use_ceedsize_idx = 1;
1395 
1396   // Setup
1397   if (!impl->asmb) CeedCallBackend(CeedSingleOperatorAssembleSetup_Cuda(op, use_ceedsize_idx));
1398   CeedOperatorAssemble_Cuda *asmb = impl->asmb;
1399 
1400   assert(asmb != NULL);
1401 
1402   // Assemble element operator
1403   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetArray(values, CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &values_array));
1404   values_array += offset;
1405 
1406   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetActiveElemRestrictions(op, &rstr_in, &rstr_out));
1407   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetNumElements(rstr_in, &num_elem_in));
1408   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetElementSize(rstr_in, &elem_size_in));
1409 
1410   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetType(rstr_in, &rstr_type_in));
1411   if (rstr_type_in == CEED_RESTRICTION_ORIENTED) {
1412     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetOrientations(rstr_in, CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &orients_in));
1413   } else if (rstr_type_in == CEED_RESTRICTION_CURL_ORIENTED) {
1414     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetCurlOrientations(rstr_in, CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &curl_orients_in));
1415   }
1416 
1417   if (rstr_in != rstr_out) {
1418     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetNumElements(rstr_out, &num_elem_out));
1419     CeedCheck(num_elem_in == num_elem_out, ceed, CEED_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED,
1420               "Active input and output operator restrictions must have the same number of elements");
1421     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetElementSize(rstr_out, &elem_size_out));
1422 
1423     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetType(rstr_out, &rstr_type_out));
1424     if (rstr_type_out == CEED_RESTRICTION_ORIENTED) {
1425       CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetOrientations(rstr_out, CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &orients_out));
1426     } else if (rstr_type_out == CEED_RESTRICTION_CURL_ORIENTED) {
1427       CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetCurlOrientations(rstr_out, CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &curl_orients_out));
1428     }
1429   } else {
1430     elem_size_out    = elem_size_in;
1431     orients_out      = orients_in;
1432     curl_orients_out = curl_orients_in;
1433   }
1434 
1435   // Compute B^T D B
1436   CeedInt shared_mem =
1437       ((curl_orients_in || curl_orients_out ? elem_size_in * elem_size_out : 0) + (curl_orients_in ? elem_size_in * asmb->block_size_y : 0)) *
1438       sizeof(CeedScalar);
1439   CeedInt grid   = CeedDivUpInt(num_elem_in, asmb->elems_per_block);
1440   void   *args[] = {(void *)&num_elem_in, &asmb->d_B_in,     &asmb->d_B_out,      &orients_in,  &curl_orients_in,
1441                     &orients_out,         &curl_orients_out, &assembled_qf_array, &values_array};
1442 
1443   CeedCallBackend(
1444       CeedRunKernelDimShared_Cuda(ceed, asmb->LinearAssemble, grid, asmb->block_size_x, asmb->block_size_y, asmb->elems_per_block, shared_mem, args));
1445 
1446   // Restore arrays
1447   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorRestoreArray(values, &values_array));
1448   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorRestoreArrayRead(assembled_qf, &assembled_qf_array));
1449 
1450   // Cleanup
1451   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&assembled_qf));
1452   if (rstr_type_in == CEED_RESTRICTION_ORIENTED) {
1453     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionRestoreOrientations(rstr_in, &orients_in));
1454   } else if (rstr_type_in == CEED_RESTRICTION_CURL_ORIENTED) {
1455     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionRestoreCurlOrientations(rstr_in, &curl_orients_in));
1456   }
1457   if (rstr_in != rstr_out) {
1458     if (rstr_type_out == CEED_RESTRICTION_ORIENTED) {
1459       CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionRestoreOrientations(rstr_out, &orients_out));
1460     } else if (rstr_type_out == CEED_RESTRICTION_CURL_ORIENTED) {
1461       CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionRestoreCurlOrientations(rstr_out, &curl_orients_out));
1462     }
1463   }
1464   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
1465 }
1466 
1467 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1468 // Assemble Linear QFunction AtPoints
1469 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1470 static int CeedOperatorLinearAssembleQFunctionAtPoints_Cuda(CeedOperator op, CeedVector *assembled, CeedElemRestriction *rstr, CeedRequest *request) {
1471   return CeedError(CeedOperatorReturnCeed(op), CEED_ERROR_BACKEND, "Backend does not implement CeedOperatorLinearAssembleQFunction");
1472 }
1473 
1474 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1475 // Assemble Linear Diagonal AtPoints
1476 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1477 static int CeedOperatorLinearAssembleAddDiagonalAtPoints_Cuda(CeedOperator op, CeedVector assembled, CeedRequest *request) {
1478   CeedInt             max_num_points, num_elem, num_input_fields, num_output_fields;
1479   CeedScalar         *e_data[2 * CEED_FIELD_MAX] = {NULL};
1480   CeedQFunctionField *qf_input_fields, *qf_output_fields;
1481   CeedQFunction       qf;
1482   CeedOperatorField  *op_input_fields, *op_output_fields;
1483   CeedOperator_Cuda  *impl;
1484 
1485   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetData(op, &impl));
1486   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetQFunction(op, &qf));
1487   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetNumElements(op, &num_elem));
1488   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetFields(op, &num_input_fields, &op_input_fields, &num_output_fields, &op_output_fields));
1489   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionGetFields(qf, NULL, &qf_input_fields, NULL, &qf_output_fields));
1490   CeedInt num_points[num_elem];
1491 
1492   // Setup
1493   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorSetupAtPoints_Cuda(op));
1494   max_num_points = impl->max_num_points;
1495   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_elem; i++) num_points[i] = max_num_points;
1496 
1497   // Input Evecs and Restriction
1498   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorSetupInputs_Cuda(num_input_fields, qf_input_fields, op_input_fields, NULL, true, e_data, impl, request));
1499 
1500   // Get point coordinates
1501   if (!impl->point_coords_elem) {
1502     CeedVector          point_coords = NULL;
1503     CeedElemRestriction rstr_points  = NULL;
1504 
1505     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorAtPointsGetPoints(op, &rstr_points, &point_coords));
1506     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionCreateVector(rstr_points, NULL, &impl->point_coords_elem));
1507     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionApply(rstr_points, CEED_NOTRANSPOSE, point_coords, impl->point_coords_elem, request));
1508   }
1509 
1510   // Clear active input Qvecs
1511   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_input_fields; i++) {
1512     CeedVector vec;
1513 
1514     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_input_fields[i], &vec));
1515     if (vec != CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) continue;
1516     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorSetValue(impl->e_vecs[i], 0.0));
1517     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorSetValue(impl->q_vecs_in[i], 0.0));
1518   }
1519 
1520   // Input basis apply if needed
1521   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorInputBasisAtPoints_Cuda(num_elem, num_points, qf_input_fields, op_input_fields, num_input_fields, true, e_data, impl));
1522 
1523   // Output pointers, as necessary
1524   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_output_fields; i++) {
1525     CeedEvalMode eval_mode;
1526 
1527     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_output_fields[i], &eval_mode));
1528     if (eval_mode == CEED_EVAL_NONE) {
1529       // Set the output Q-Vector to use the E-Vector data directly.
1530       CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetArrayWrite(impl->e_vecs[i + impl->num_inputs], CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &e_data[i + num_input_fields]));
1531       CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorSetArray(impl->q_vecs_out[i], CEED_MEM_DEVICE, CEED_USE_POINTER, e_data[i + num_input_fields]));
1532     }
1533   }
1534 
1535   // Loop over active fields
1536   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_input_fields; i++) {
1537     bool                is_active_at_points = true;
1538     CeedInt             elem_size = 1, num_comp_active = 1, e_vec_size = 0;
1539     CeedRestrictionType rstr_type;
1540     CeedVector          vec;
1541     CeedElemRestriction elem_rstr;
1542 
1543     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_input_fields[i], &vec));
1544     // -- Skip non-active input
1545     if (vec != CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) continue;
1546 
1547     // -- Get active restriction type
1548     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(op_input_fields[i], &elem_rstr));
1549     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetType(elem_rstr, &rstr_type));
1550     is_active_at_points = rstr_type == CEED_RESTRICTION_POINTS;
1551     if (!is_active_at_points) CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetElementSize(elem_rstr, &elem_size));
1552     else elem_size = max_num_points;
1553     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetNumComponents(elem_rstr, &num_comp_active));
1554 
1555     e_vec_size = elem_size * num_comp_active;
1556     for (CeedInt s = 0; s < e_vec_size; s++) {
1557       bool         is_active_input = false;
1558       CeedEvalMode eval_mode;
1559       CeedVector   vec;
1560       CeedBasis    basis;
1561 
1562       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_input_fields[i], &vec));
1563       // Skip non-active input
1564       is_active_input = vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE;
1565       if (!is_active_input) continue;
1566 
1567       // Update unit vector
1568       else CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorSetValueStrided(impl->e_vecs[i], s - 1, e_vec_size, 0.0));
1569       CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorSetValueStrided(impl->e_vecs[i], s, e_vec_size, 1.0));
1570 
1571       // Basis action
1572       CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_input_fields[i], &eval_mode));
1573       switch (eval_mode) {
1574         case CEED_EVAL_NONE:
1575           CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorSetArray(impl->q_vecs_in[i], CEED_MEM_DEVICE, CEED_USE_POINTER, e_data[i]));
1576           break;
1577         case CEED_EVAL_INTERP:
1578         case CEED_EVAL_GRAD:
1579         case CEED_EVAL_DIV:
1580         case CEED_EVAL_CURL:
1581           CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(op_input_fields[i], &basis));
1582           CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisApplyAtPoints(basis, num_elem, num_points, CEED_NOTRANSPOSE, eval_mode, impl->point_coords_elem, impl->e_vecs[i],
1583                                                  impl->q_vecs_in[i]));
1584           break;
1585         case CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT:
1586           break;  // No action
1587       }
1588 
1589       // Q function
1590       CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionApply(qf, num_elem * max_num_points, impl->q_vecs_in, impl->q_vecs_out));
1591 
1592       // Output basis apply if needed
1593       for (CeedInt j = 0; j < num_output_fields; j++) {
1594         bool                is_active_output = false;
1595         CeedInt             elem_size        = 0;
1596         CeedRestrictionType rstr_type;
1597         CeedEvalMode        eval_mode;
1598         CeedVector          vec;
1599         CeedElemRestriction elem_rstr;
1600         CeedBasis           basis;
1601 
1602         CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_output_fields[j], &vec));
1603         // ---- Skip non-active output
1604         is_active_output = vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE;
1605         if (!is_active_output) continue;
1606 
1607         // ---- Check if elem size matches
1608         CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(op_output_fields[j], &elem_rstr));
1609         CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetType(elem_rstr, &rstr_type));
1610         if (is_active_at_points && rstr_type != CEED_RESTRICTION_POINTS) continue;
1611         if (rstr_type == CEED_RESTRICTION_POINTS) {
1612           CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetMaxPointsInElement(elem_rstr, &elem_size));
1613         } else {
1614           CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetElementSize(elem_rstr, &elem_size));
1615         }
1616         {
1617           CeedInt num_comp = 0;
1618 
1619           CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetNumComponents(elem_rstr, &num_comp));
1620           if (e_vec_size != num_comp * elem_size) continue;
1621         }
1622 
1623         // Basis action
1624         CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_output_fields[j], &eval_mode));
1625         switch (eval_mode) {
1626           case CEED_EVAL_NONE:
1627             CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorRestoreArray(impl->e_vecs[j + impl->num_inputs], &e_data[j + num_input_fields]));
1628             break;
1629           case CEED_EVAL_INTERP:
1630           case CEED_EVAL_GRAD:
1631           case CEED_EVAL_DIV:
1632           case CEED_EVAL_CURL:
1633             CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(op_output_fields[j], &basis));
1634             CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisApplyAtPoints(basis, num_elem, num_points, CEED_TRANSPOSE, eval_mode, impl->point_coords_elem,
1635                                                    impl->q_vecs_out[j], impl->e_vecs[j + impl->num_inputs]));
1636             break;
1637           // LCOV_EXCL_START
1638           case CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT: {
1639             return CeedError(CeedOperatorReturnCeed(op), CEED_ERROR_BACKEND, "CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT cannot be an output evaluation mode");
1640             // LCOV_EXCL_STOP
1641           }
1642         }
1643 
1644         // Mask output e-vec
1645         CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorPointwiseMult(impl->e_vecs[j + impl->num_inputs], impl->e_vecs[i], impl->e_vecs[j + impl->num_inputs]));
1646 
1647         // Restrict
1648         CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(op_output_fields[j], &elem_rstr));
1649         CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionApply(elem_rstr, CEED_TRANSPOSE, impl->e_vecs[j + impl->num_inputs], assembled, request));
1650 
1651         // Reset q_vec for
1652         if (eval_mode == CEED_EVAL_NONE) {
1653           CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetArrayWrite(impl->e_vecs[j + impl->num_inputs], CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &e_data[j + num_input_fields]));
1654           CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorSetArray(impl->q_vecs_out[j], CEED_MEM_DEVICE, CEED_USE_POINTER, e_data[j + num_input_fields]));
1655         }
1656       }
1657 
1658       // Reset vec
1659       if (s == e_vec_size - 1) {
1660         CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorSetValueStrided(impl->e_vecs[i], s, e_vec_size, 0.0));
1661         CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorSetValue(impl->q_vecs_in[i], 0.0));
1662       }
1663     }
1664 
1665     // Restore CEED_EVAL_NONE
1666     for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_output_fields; i++) {
1667       CeedEvalMode        eval_mode;
1668       CeedElemRestriction elem_rstr;
1669 
1670       // Get eval_mode
1671       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(op_output_fields[i], &elem_rstr));
1672       CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_output_fields[i], &eval_mode));
1673 
1674       // Restore evec
1675       CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_output_fields[i], &eval_mode));
1676       if (eval_mode == CEED_EVAL_NONE) {
1677         CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorRestoreArray(impl->e_vecs[i + impl->num_inputs], &e_data[i + num_input_fields]));
1678       }
1679     }
1680   }
1681 
1682   // Restore input arrays
1683   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorRestoreInputs_Cuda(num_input_fields, qf_input_fields, op_input_fields, true, e_data, impl));
1684   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
1685 }
1686 
1687 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1688 // Create operator
1689 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1690 int CeedOperatorCreate_Cuda(CeedOperator op) {
1691   Ceed               ceed;
1692   CeedOperator_Cuda *impl;
1693 
1694   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetCeed(op, &ceed));
1695   CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(1, &impl));
1696   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorSetData(op, impl));
1697 
1698   CeedCallBackend(CeedSetBackendFunction(ceed, "Operator", op, "LinearAssembleQFunction", CeedOperatorLinearAssembleQFunction_Cuda));
1699   CeedCallBackend(CeedSetBackendFunction(ceed, "Operator", op, "LinearAssembleQFunctionUpdate", CeedOperatorLinearAssembleQFunctionUpdate_Cuda));
1700   CeedCallBackend(CeedSetBackendFunction(ceed, "Operator", op, "LinearAssembleAddDiagonal", CeedOperatorLinearAssembleAddDiagonal_Cuda));
1701   CeedCallBackend(
1702       CeedSetBackendFunction(ceed, "Operator", op, "LinearAssembleAddPointBlockDiagonal", CeedOperatorLinearAssembleAddPointBlockDiagonal_Cuda));
1703   CeedCallBackend(CeedSetBackendFunction(ceed, "Operator", op, "LinearAssembleSingle", CeedSingleOperatorAssemble_Cuda));
1704   CeedCallBackend(CeedSetBackendFunction(ceed, "Operator", op, "ApplyAdd", CeedOperatorApplyAdd_Cuda));
1705   CeedCallBackend(CeedSetBackendFunction(ceed, "Operator", op, "Destroy", CeedOperatorDestroy_Cuda));
1706   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
1707 }
1708 
1709 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1710 // Create operator AtPoints
1711 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1712 int CeedOperatorCreateAtPoints_Cuda(CeedOperator op) {
1713   Ceed               ceed;
1714   CeedOperator_Cuda *impl;
1715 
1716   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetCeed(op, &ceed));
1717   CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(1, &impl));
1718   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorSetData(op, impl));
1719 
1720   CeedCallBackend(CeedSetBackendFunction(ceed, "Operator", op, "LinearAssembleQFunction", CeedOperatorLinearAssembleQFunctionAtPoints_Cuda));
1721   CeedCallBackend(CeedSetBackendFunction(ceed, "Operator", op, "LinearAssembleAddDiagonal", CeedOperatorLinearAssembleAddDiagonalAtPoints_Cuda));
1722   CeedCallBackend(CeedSetBackendFunction(ceed, "Operator", op, "ApplyAdd", CeedOperatorApplyAddAtPoints_Cuda));
1723   CeedCallBackend(CeedSetBackendFunction(ceed, "Operator", op, "Destroy", CeedOperatorDestroy_Cuda));
1724   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
1725 }
1726 
1727 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1728