xref: /libCEED/backends/cuda-ref/ceed-cuda-ref-operator.c (revision bdcc27286a8034df1dd97bd8aefef85a0efa7b00)
1 // Copyright (c) 2017-2025, Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC and other CEED contributors.
2 // All Rights Reserved. See the top-level LICENSE and NOTICE files for details.
3 //
4 // SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
5 //
6 // This file is part of CEED:  http://github.com/ceed
7 
8 #include <ceed.h>
9 #include <ceed/backend.h>
10 #include <ceed/jit-tools.h>
11 #include <assert.h>
12 #include <cuda.h>
13 #include <cuda_runtime.h>
14 #include <stdbool.h>
15 #include <string.h>
16 
17 #include "../cuda/ceed-cuda-common.h"
18 #include "../cuda/ceed-cuda-compile.h"
19 #include "ceed-cuda-ref.h"
20 
21 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
22 // Destroy operator
23 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
24 static int CeedOperatorDestroy_Cuda(CeedOperator op) {
25   CeedOperator_Cuda *impl;
26 
27   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetData(op, &impl));
28 
29   // Apply data
30   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&impl->num_points));
31   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&impl->skip_rstr_in));
32   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&impl->skip_rstr_out));
33   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&impl->apply_add_basis_out));
34   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&impl->input_field_order));
35   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&impl->output_field_order));
36   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&impl->input_states));
37 
38   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < impl->num_inputs; i++) {
39     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&impl->e_vecs_in[i]));
40     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&impl->q_vecs_in[i]));
41   }
42   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&impl->e_vecs_in));
43   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&impl->q_vecs_in));
44 
45   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < impl->num_outputs; i++) {
46     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&impl->e_vecs_out[i]));
47     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&impl->q_vecs_out[i]));
48   }
49   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&impl->e_vecs_out));
50   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&impl->q_vecs_out));
51   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&impl->point_coords_elem));
52 
53   // QFunction assembly data
54   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < impl->num_active_in; i++) {
55     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&impl->qf_active_in[i]));
56   }
57   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&impl->qf_active_in));
58 
59   // Diag data
60   if (impl->diag) {
61     Ceed ceed;
62 
63     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetCeed(op, &ceed));
64     if (impl->diag->module) {
65       CeedCallCuda(ceed, cuModuleUnload(impl->diag->module));
66     }
67     if (impl->diag->module_point_block) {
68       CeedCallCuda(ceed, cuModuleUnload(impl->diag->module_point_block));
69     }
70     CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaFree(impl->diag->d_eval_modes_in));
71     CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaFree(impl->diag->d_eval_modes_out));
72     CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaFree(impl->diag->d_identity));
73     CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaFree(impl->diag->d_interp_in));
74     CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaFree(impl->diag->d_interp_out));
75     CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaFree(impl->diag->d_grad_in));
76     CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaFree(impl->diag->d_grad_out));
77     CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaFree(impl->diag->d_div_in));
78     CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaFree(impl->diag->d_div_out));
79     CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaFree(impl->diag->d_curl_in));
80     CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaFree(impl->diag->d_curl_out));
81     CeedCallBackend(CeedDestroy(&ceed));
82     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&impl->diag->elem_diag));
83     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&impl->diag->point_block_elem_diag));
84     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&impl->diag->diag_rstr));
85     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&impl->diag->point_block_diag_rstr));
86   }
87   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&impl->diag));
88 
89   if (impl->asmb) {
90     Ceed ceed;
91 
92     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetCeed(op, &ceed));
93     CeedCallCuda(ceed, cuModuleUnload(impl->asmb->module));
94     CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaFree(impl->asmb->d_B_in));
95     CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaFree(impl->asmb->d_B_out));
96     CeedCallBackend(CeedDestroy(&ceed));
97   }
98   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&impl->asmb));
99 
100   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&impl));
101   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
102 }
103 
104 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
105 // Setup infields or outfields
106 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
107 static int CeedOperatorSetupFields_Cuda(CeedQFunction qf, CeedOperator op, bool is_input, bool is_at_points, bool *skip_rstr, bool *apply_add_basis,
108                                         CeedVector *e_vecs, CeedVector *q_vecs, CeedInt num_fields, CeedInt Q, CeedInt num_elem) {
109   Ceed                ceed;
110   CeedQFunctionField *qf_fields;
111   CeedOperatorField  *op_fields;
112 
113   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetCeed(op, &ceed));
114   if (is_input) {
115     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetFields(op, NULL, &op_fields, NULL, NULL));
116     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionGetFields(qf, NULL, &qf_fields, NULL, NULL));
117   } else {
118     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetFields(op, NULL, NULL, NULL, &op_fields));
119     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionGetFields(qf, NULL, NULL, NULL, &qf_fields));
120   }
121 
122   // Loop over fields
123   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_fields; i++) {
124     bool                is_active = false, is_strided = false, skip_e_vec = false;
125     CeedSize            q_size;
126     CeedInt             size;
127     CeedEvalMode        eval_mode;
128     CeedVector          l_vec;
129     CeedElemRestriction elem_rstr;
130 
131     // Check whether this field can skip the element restriction:
132     // Input CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE
133     // Output CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE without CEED_EVAL_NONE
134     // Input CEED_VECTOR_NONE with CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT
135     // Input passive vector with CEED_EVAL_NONE and strided restriction with CEED_STRIDES_BACKEND
136     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_fields[i], &l_vec));
137     is_active = l_vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE;
138     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&l_vec));
139     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(op_fields[i], &elem_rstr));
140     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_fields[i], &eval_mode));
141     skip_e_vec = (is_input && is_active) || (is_active && eval_mode != CEED_EVAL_NONE) || (eval_mode == CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT);
142     if (!skip_e_vec && is_input && !is_active && eval_mode == CEED_EVAL_NONE) {
143       CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionIsStrided(elem_rstr, &is_strided));
144       if (is_strided) CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionHasBackendStrides(elem_rstr, &skip_e_vec));
145     }
146     if (skip_e_vec) {
147       e_vecs[i] = NULL;
148     } else {
149       CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionCreateVector(elem_rstr, NULL, &e_vecs[i]));
150     }
151     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&elem_rstr));
152 
153     switch (eval_mode) {
154       case CEED_EVAL_NONE:
155       case CEED_EVAL_INTERP:
156       case CEED_EVAL_GRAD:
157       case CEED_EVAL_DIV:
158       case CEED_EVAL_CURL:
159         CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetSize(qf_fields[i], &size));
160         q_size = (CeedSize)num_elem * (CeedSize)Q * (CeedSize)size;
161         CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorCreate(ceed, q_size, &q_vecs[i]));
162         break;
163       case CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT: {
164         CeedBasis basis;
165 
166         CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(op_fields[i], &basis));
167         q_size = (CeedSize)num_elem * (CeedSize)Q;
168         CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorCreate(ceed, q_size, &q_vecs[i]));
169         if (is_at_points) {
170           CeedInt num_points[num_elem];
171 
172           for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_elem; i++) num_points[i] = Q;
173           CeedCallBackend(
174               CeedBasisApplyAtPoints(basis, num_elem, num_points, CEED_NOTRANSPOSE, CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT, CEED_VECTOR_NONE, CEED_VECTOR_NONE, q_vecs[i]));
175         } else {
176           CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisApply(basis, num_elem, CEED_NOTRANSPOSE, CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT, CEED_VECTOR_NONE, q_vecs[i]));
177         }
178         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisDestroy(&basis));
179         break;
180       }
181     }
182   }
183   // Drop duplicate restrictions
184   if (is_input) {
185     for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_fields; i++) {
186       CeedVector          vec_i;
187       CeedElemRestriction rstr_i;
188 
189       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_fields[i], &vec_i));
190       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(op_fields[i], &rstr_i));
191       for (CeedInt j = i + 1; j < num_fields; j++) {
192         CeedVector          vec_j;
193         CeedElemRestriction rstr_j;
194 
195         CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_fields[j], &vec_j));
196         CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(op_fields[j], &rstr_j));
197         if (vec_i == vec_j && rstr_i == rstr_j) {
198           if (e_vecs[i]) CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorReferenceCopy(e_vecs[i], &e_vecs[j]));
199           skip_rstr[j] = true;
200         }
201         CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&vec_j));
202         CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&rstr_j));
203       }
204       CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&vec_i));
205       CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&rstr_i));
206     }
207   } else {
208     for (CeedInt i = num_fields - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
209       CeedVector          vec_i;
210       CeedElemRestriction rstr_i;
211 
212       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_fields[i], &vec_i));
213       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(op_fields[i], &rstr_i));
214       for (CeedInt j = i - 1; j >= 0; j--) {
215         CeedVector          vec_j;
216         CeedElemRestriction rstr_j;
217 
218         CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_fields[j], &vec_j));
219         CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(op_fields[j], &rstr_j));
220         if (vec_i == vec_j && rstr_i == rstr_j) {
221           if (e_vecs[i]) CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorReferenceCopy(e_vecs[i], &e_vecs[j]));
222           skip_rstr[j]       = true;
223           apply_add_basis[i] = true;
224         }
225         CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&vec_j));
226         CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&rstr_j));
227       }
228       CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&vec_i));
229       CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&rstr_i));
230     }
231   }
232   CeedCallBackend(CeedDestroy(&ceed));
233   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
234 }
235 
236 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
237 // CeedOperator needs to connect all the named fields (be they active or passive) to the named inputs and outputs of its CeedQFunction.
238 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
239 static int CeedOperatorSetup_Cuda(CeedOperator op) {
240   bool                is_setup_done;
241   CeedInt             Q, num_elem, num_input_fields, num_output_fields;
242   CeedQFunctionField *qf_input_fields, *qf_output_fields;
243   CeedQFunction       qf;
244   CeedOperatorField  *op_input_fields, *op_output_fields;
245   CeedOperator_Cuda  *impl;
246 
247   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorIsSetupDone(op, &is_setup_done));
248   if (is_setup_done) return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
249 
250   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetData(op, &impl));
251   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetQFunction(op, &qf));
252   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetNumQuadraturePoints(op, &Q));
253   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetNumElements(op, &num_elem));
254   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetFields(op, &num_input_fields, &op_input_fields, &num_output_fields, &op_output_fields));
255   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionGetFields(qf, NULL, &qf_input_fields, NULL, &qf_output_fields));
256 
257   // Allocate
258   CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(num_input_fields, &impl->e_vecs_in));
259   CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(num_output_fields, &impl->e_vecs_out));
260   CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(num_input_fields, &impl->skip_rstr_in));
261   CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(num_output_fields, &impl->skip_rstr_out));
262   CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(num_output_fields, &impl->apply_add_basis_out));
263   CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(num_input_fields, &impl->input_field_order));
264   CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(num_output_fields, &impl->output_field_order));
265   CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(num_input_fields, &impl->input_states));
266   CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(num_input_fields, &impl->q_vecs_in));
267   CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(num_output_fields, &impl->q_vecs_out));
268   impl->num_inputs  = num_input_fields;
269   impl->num_outputs = num_output_fields;
270 
271   // Set up infield and outfield e-vecs and q-vecs
272   CeedCallBackend(
273       CeedOperatorSetupFields_Cuda(qf, op, true, false, impl->skip_rstr_in, NULL, impl->e_vecs_in, impl->q_vecs_in, num_input_fields, Q, num_elem));
274   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorSetupFields_Cuda(qf, op, false, false, impl->skip_rstr_out, impl->apply_add_basis_out, impl->e_vecs_out,
275                                                impl->q_vecs_out, num_output_fields, Q, num_elem));
276 
277   // Reorder fields to allow reuse of buffers
278   impl->max_active_e_vec_len = 0;
279   {
280     bool    is_ordered[CEED_FIELD_MAX];
281     CeedInt curr_index = 0;
282 
283     for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_input_fields; i++) is_ordered[i] = false;
284     for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_input_fields; i++) {
285       CeedSize            e_vec_len_i;
286       CeedVector          vec_i;
287       CeedElemRestriction rstr_i;
288 
289       if (is_ordered[i]) continue;
290       is_ordered[i]                       = true;
291       impl->input_field_order[curr_index] = i;
292       curr_index++;
293       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_input_fields[i], &vec_i));
294       if (vec_i == CEED_VECTOR_NONE) {
295         // CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT
296         CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&vec_i));
297         continue;
298       };
299       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(op_input_fields[i], &rstr_i));
300       CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetEVectorSize(rstr_i, &e_vec_len_i));
301       impl->max_active_e_vec_len = e_vec_len_i > impl->max_active_e_vec_len ? e_vec_len_i : impl->max_active_e_vec_len;
302       for (CeedInt j = i + 1; j < num_input_fields; j++) {
303         CeedVector          vec_j;
304         CeedElemRestriction rstr_j;
305 
306         CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_input_fields[j], &vec_j));
307         CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(op_input_fields[j], &rstr_j));
308         if (rstr_i == rstr_j && vec_i == vec_j) {
309           is_ordered[j]                       = true;
310           impl->input_field_order[curr_index] = j;
311           curr_index++;
312         }
313         CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&vec_j));
314         CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&rstr_j));
315       }
316       CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&vec_i));
317       CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&rstr_i));
318     }
319   }
320   {
321     bool    is_ordered[CEED_FIELD_MAX];
322     CeedInt curr_index = 0;
323 
324     for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_output_fields; i++) is_ordered[i] = false;
325     for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_output_fields; i++) {
326       CeedSize            e_vec_len_i;
327       CeedVector          vec_i;
328       CeedElemRestriction rstr_i;
329 
330       if (is_ordered[i]) continue;
331       is_ordered[i]                        = true;
332       impl->output_field_order[curr_index] = i;
333       curr_index++;
334       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_output_fields[i], &vec_i));
335       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(op_output_fields[i], &rstr_i));
336       CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetEVectorSize(rstr_i, &e_vec_len_i));
337       impl->max_active_e_vec_len = e_vec_len_i > impl->max_active_e_vec_len ? e_vec_len_i : impl->max_active_e_vec_len;
338       for (CeedInt j = i + 1; j < num_output_fields; j++) {
339         CeedVector          vec_j;
340         CeedElemRestriction rstr_j;
341 
342         CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_output_fields[j], &vec_j));
343         CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(op_output_fields[j], &rstr_j));
344         if (rstr_i == rstr_j && vec_i == vec_j) {
345           is_ordered[j]                        = true;
346           impl->output_field_order[curr_index] = j;
347           curr_index++;
348         }
349         CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&vec_j));
350         CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&rstr_j));
351       }
352       CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&vec_i));
353       CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&rstr_i));
354     }
355   }
356   CeedCallBackend(CeedClearWorkVectors(CeedOperatorReturnCeed(op), impl->max_active_e_vec_len));
357   {
358     // Create two work vectors for diagonal assembly
359     CeedVector temp_1, temp_2;
360 
361     CeedCallBackend(CeedGetWorkVector(CeedOperatorReturnCeed(op), impl->max_active_e_vec_len, &temp_1));
362     CeedCallBackend(CeedGetWorkVector(CeedOperatorReturnCeed(op), impl->max_active_e_vec_len, &temp_2));
363     CeedCallBackend(CeedRestoreWorkVector(CeedOperatorReturnCeed(op), &temp_1));
364     CeedCallBackend(CeedRestoreWorkVector(CeedOperatorReturnCeed(op), &temp_2));
365   }
366   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorSetSetupDone(op));
367   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionDestroy(&qf));
368   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
369 }
370 
371 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
372 // Restrict Operator Inputs
373 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
374 static inline int CeedOperatorInputRestrict_Cuda(CeedOperatorField op_input_field, CeedQFunctionField qf_input_field, CeedInt input_field,
375                                                  CeedVector in_vec, CeedVector active_e_vec, const bool skip_active, CeedOperator_Cuda *impl,
376                                                  CeedRequest *request) {
377   bool       is_active = false;
378   CeedVector l_vec, e_vec = impl->e_vecs_in[input_field];
379 
380   // Get input vector
381   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_input_field, &l_vec));
382   is_active = l_vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE;
383   if (is_active && skip_active) return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
384   if (is_active) {
385     l_vec = in_vec;
386     if (!e_vec) e_vec = active_e_vec;
387   }
388 
389   // Restriction action
390   if (e_vec) {
391     // Restrict, if necessary
392     if (!impl->skip_rstr_in[input_field]) {
393       uint64_t state;
394 
395       CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetState(l_vec, &state));
396       if (is_active || state != impl->input_states[input_field]) {
397         CeedElemRestriction elem_rstr;
398 
399         CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(op_input_field, &elem_rstr));
400         CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionApply(elem_rstr, CEED_NOTRANSPOSE, l_vec, e_vec, request));
401         CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&elem_rstr));
402       }
403       impl->input_states[input_field] = state;
404     }
405   }
406   if (!is_active) CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&l_vec));
407   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
408 }
409 
410 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
411 // Input Basis Action
412 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
413 static inline int CeedOperatorInputBasis_Cuda(CeedOperatorField op_input_field, CeedQFunctionField qf_input_field, CeedInt input_field,
414                                               CeedVector in_vec, CeedVector active_e_vec, CeedInt num_elem, const bool skip_active,
415                                               CeedOperator_Cuda *impl) {
416   bool         is_active = false;
417   CeedEvalMode eval_mode;
418   CeedVector   l_vec, e_vec = impl->e_vecs_in[input_field], q_vec = impl->q_vecs_in[input_field];
419 
420   // Skip active input
421   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_input_field, &l_vec));
422   is_active = l_vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE;
423   if (is_active && skip_active) return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
424   if (is_active) {
425     l_vec = in_vec;
426     if (!e_vec) e_vec = active_e_vec;
427   }
428 
429   // Basis action
430   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_input_field, &eval_mode));
431   switch (eval_mode) {
432     case CEED_EVAL_NONE: {
433       const CeedScalar *e_vec_array;
434 
435       if (e_vec) {
436         CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetArrayRead(e_vec, CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &e_vec_array));
437       } else {
438         CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetArrayRead(l_vec, CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &e_vec_array));
439       }
440       CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorSetArray(q_vec, CEED_MEM_DEVICE, CEED_USE_POINTER, (CeedScalar *)e_vec_array));
441       break;
442     }
443     case CEED_EVAL_INTERP:
444     case CEED_EVAL_GRAD:
445     case CEED_EVAL_DIV:
446     case CEED_EVAL_CURL: {
447       CeedBasis basis;
448 
449       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(op_input_field, &basis));
450       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisApply(basis, num_elem, CEED_NOTRANSPOSE, eval_mode, e_vec, q_vec));
451       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisDestroy(&basis));
452       break;
453     }
454     case CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT:
455       break;  // No action
456   }
457   if (!is_active) CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&l_vec));
458   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
459 }
460 
461 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
462 // Restore Input Vectors
463 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
464 static inline int CeedOperatorInputRestore_Cuda(CeedOperatorField op_input_field, CeedQFunctionField qf_input_field, CeedInt input_field,
465                                                 CeedVector in_vec, CeedVector active_e_vec, const bool skip_active, CeedOperator_Cuda *impl) {
466   bool         is_active = false;
467   CeedEvalMode eval_mode;
468   CeedVector   l_vec, e_vec = impl->e_vecs_in[input_field];
469 
470   // Skip active input
471   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_input_field, &l_vec));
472   is_active = l_vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE;
473   if (is_active && skip_active) return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
474   if (is_active) {
475     l_vec = in_vec;
476     if (!e_vec) e_vec = active_e_vec;
477   }
478 
479   // Restore e-vec
480   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_input_field, &eval_mode));
481   if (eval_mode == CEED_EVAL_NONE) {
482     const CeedScalar *e_vec_array;
483 
484     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorTakeArray(impl->q_vecs_in[input_field], CEED_MEM_DEVICE, (CeedScalar **)&e_vec_array));
485     if (e_vec) {
486       CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorRestoreArrayRead(e_vec, &e_vec_array));
487     } else {
488       CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorRestoreArrayRead(l_vec, &e_vec_array));
489     }
490   }
491   if (!is_active) CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&l_vec));
492   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
493 }
494 
495 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
496 // Apply and add to output
497 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
498 static int CeedOperatorApplyAdd_Cuda(CeedOperator op, CeedVector in_vec, CeedVector out_vec, CeedRequest *request) {
499   CeedInt             Q, num_elem, num_input_fields, num_output_fields;
500   Ceed                ceed;
501   CeedVector          active_e_vec;
502   CeedQFunctionField *qf_input_fields, *qf_output_fields;
503   CeedQFunction       qf;
504   CeedOperatorField  *op_input_fields, *op_output_fields;
505   CeedOperator_Cuda  *impl;
506 
507   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetCeed(op, &ceed));
508   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetData(op, &impl));
509   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetQFunction(op, &qf));
510   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetNumQuadraturePoints(op, &Q));
511   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetNumElements(op, &num_elem));
512   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetFields(op, &num_input_fields, &op_input_fields, &num_output_fields, &op_output_fields));
513   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionGetFields(qf, NULL, &qf_input_fields, NULL, &qf_output_fields));
514 
515   // Setup
516   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorSetup_Cuda(op));
517 
518   // Work vector
519   CeedCallBackend(CeedGetWorkVector(ceed, impl->max_active_e_vec_len, &active_e_vec));
520 
521   // Process inputs
522   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_input_fields; i++) {
523     CeedInt field = impl->input_field_order[i];
524 
525     CeedCallBackend(
526         CeedOperatorInputRestrict_Cuda(op_input_fields[field], qf_input_fields[field], field, in_vec, active_e_vec, false, impl, request));
527     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorInputBasis_Cuda(op_input_fields[field], qf_input_fields[field], field, in_vec, active_e_vec, num_elem, false, impl));
528   }
529 
530   // Output pointers, as necessary
531   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_output_fields; i++) {
532     CeedEvalMode eval_mode;
533 
534     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_output_fields[i], &eval_mode));
535     if (eval_mode == CEED_EVAL_NONE) {
536       CeedScalar *e_vec_array;
537 
538       CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetArrayWrite(impl->e_vecs_out[i], CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &e_vec_array));
539       CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorSetArray(impl->q_vecs_out[i], CEED_MEM_DEVICE, CEED_USE_POINTER, e_vec_array));
540     }
541   }
542 
543   // Q function
544   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionApply(qf, num_elem * Q, impl->q_vecs_in, impl->q_vecs_out));
545 
546   // Restore input arrays
547   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_input_fields; i++) {
548     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorInputRestore_Cuda(op_input_fields[i], qf_input_fields[i], i, in_vec, active_e_vec, false, impl));
549   }
550 
551   // Output basis and restriction
552   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_output_fields; i++) {
553     bool         is_active = false;
554     CeedInt      field     = impl->output_field_order[i];
555     CeedEvalMode eval_mode;
556     CeedVector   l_vec, e_vec = impl->e_vecs_out[field], q_vec = impl->q_vecs_out[field];
557 
558     // Output vector
559     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_output_fields[field], &l_vec));
560     is_active = l_vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE;
561     if (is_active) {
562       l_vec = out_vec;
563       if (!e_vec) e_vec = active_e_vec;
564     }
565 
566     // Basis action
567     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_output_fields[field], &eval_mode));
568     switch (eval_mode) {
569       case CEED_EVAL_NONE:
570         break;  // No action
571       case CEED_EVAL_INTERP:
572       case CEED_EVAL_GRAD:
573       case CEED_EVAL_DIV:
574       case CEED_EVAL_CURL: {
575         CeedBasis basis;
576 
577         CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(op_output_fields[field], &basis));
578         if (impl->apply_add_basis_out[field]) {
579           CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisApplyAdd(basis, num_elem, CEED_TRANSPOSE, eval_mode, q_vec, e_vec));
580         } else {
581           CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisApply(basis, num_elem, CEED_TRANSPOSE, eval_mode, q_vec, e_vec));
582         }
583         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisDestroy(&basis));
584         break;
585       }
586       // LCOV_EXCL_START
587       case CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT: {
588         return CeedError(ceed, CEED_ERROR_BACKEND, "CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT cannot be an output evaluation mode");
589         // LCOV_EXCL_STOP
590       }
591     }
592 
593     // Restore evec
594     if (eval_mode == CEED_EVAL_NONE) {
595       CeedScalar *e_vec_array;
596 
597       CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorTakeArray(impl->q_vecs_out[i], CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &e_vec_array));
598       CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorRestoreArray(e_vec, &e_vec_array));
599     }
600 
601     // Restrict
602     if (!impl->skip_rstr_out[field]) {
603       CeedElemRestriction elem_rstr;
604 
605       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(op_output_fields[field], &elem_rstr));
606       CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionApply(elem_rstr, CEED_TRANSPOSE, e_vec, l_vec, request));
607       CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&elem_rstr));
608     }
609     if (!is_active) CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&l_vec));
610   }
611 
612   // Return work vector
613   CeedCallBackend(CeedRestoreWorkVector(ceed, &active_e_vec));
614   CeedCallBackend(CeedDestroy(&ceed));
615   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionDestroy(&qf));
616   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
617 }
618 
619 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
620 // CeedOperator needs to connect all the named fields (be they active or passive) to the named inputs and outputs of its CeedQFunction.
621 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
622 static int CeedOperatorSetupAtPoints_Cuda(CeedOperator op) {
623   bool                is_setup_done;
624   CeedInt             max_num_points = -1, num_elem, num_input_fields, num_output_fields;
625   CeedQFunctionField *qf_input_fields, *qf_output_fields;
626   CeedQFunction       qf;
627   CeedOperatorField  *op_input_fields, *op_output_fields;
628   CeedOperator_Cuda  *impl;
629 
630   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorIsSetupDone(op, &is_setup_done));
631   if (is_setup_done) return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
632 
633   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetData(op, &impl));
634   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetQFunction(op, &qf));
635   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetNumElements(op, &num_elem));
636   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetFields(op, &num_input_fields, &op_input_fields, &num_output_fields, &op_output_fields));
637   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionGetFields(qf, NULL, &qf_input_fields, NULL, &qf_output_fields));
638   {
639     CeedElemRestriction rstr_points = NULL;
640 
641     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorAtPointsGetPoints(op, &rstr_points, NULL));
642     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetMaxPointsInElement(rstr_points, &max_num_points));
643     CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(num_elem, &impl->num_points));
644     for (CeedInt e = 0; e < num_elem; e++) {
645       CeedInt num_points_elem;
646 
647       CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetNumPointsInElement(rstr_points, e, &num_points_elem));
648       impl->num_points[e] = num_points_elem;
649     }
650     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&rstr_points));
651   }
652   impl->max_num_points = max_num_points;
653 
654   // Allocate
655   CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(num_input_fields, &impl->e_vecs_in));
656   CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(num_output_fields, &impl->e_vecs_out));
657   CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(num_input_fields, &impl->skip_rstr_in));
658   CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(num_output_fields, &impl->skip_rstr_out));
659   CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(num_output_fields, &impl->apply_add_basis_out));
660   CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(num_input_fields, &impl->input_field_order));
661   CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(num_output_fields, &impl->output_field_order));
662   CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(num_input_fields, &impl->input_states));
663   CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(num_input_fields, &impl->q_vecs_in));
664   CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(num_output_fields, &impl->q_vecs_out));
665   impl->num_inputs  = num_input_fields;
666   impl->num_outputs = num_output_fields;
667 
668   // Set up infield and outfield e-vecs and q-vecs
669   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorSetupFields_Cuda(qf, op, true, true, impl->skip_rstr_in, NULL, impl->e_vecs_in, impl->q_vecs_in, num_input_fields,
670                                                max_num_points, num_elem));
671   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorSetupFields_Cuda(qf, op, false, true, impl->skip_rstr_out, impl->apply_add_basis_out, impl->e_vecs_out,
672                                                impl->q_vecs_out, num_output_fields, max_num_points, num_elem));
673 
674   // Reorder fields to allow reuse of buffers
675   impl->max_active_e_vec_len = 0;
676   {
677     bool    is_ordered[CEED_FIELD_MAX];
678     CeedInt curr_index = 0;
679 
680     for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_input_fields; i++) is_ordered[i] = false;
681     for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_input_fields; i++) {
682       CeedSize            e_vec_len_i;
683       CeedVector          vec_i;
684       CeedElemRestriction rstr_i;
685 
686       if (is_ordered[i]) continue;
687       is_ordered[i]                       = true;
688       impl->input_field_order[curr_index] = i;
689       curr_index++;
690       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_input_fields[i], &vec_i));
691       if (vec_i == CEED_VECTOR_NONE) {
692         // CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT
693         CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&vec_i));
694         continue;
695       };
696       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(op_input_fields[i], &rstr_i));
697       CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetEVectorSize(rstr_i, &e_vec_len_i));
698       impl->max_active_e_vec_len = e_vec_len_i > impl->max_active_e_vec_len ? e_vec_len_i : impl->max_active_e_vec_len;
699       for (CeedInt j = i + 1; j < num_input_fields; j++) {
700         CeedVector          vec_j;
701         CeedElemRestriction rstr_j;
702 
703         CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_input_fields[j], &vec_j));
704         CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(op_input_fields[j], &rstr_j));
705         if (rstr_i == rstr_j && vec_i == vec_j) {
706           is_ordered[j]                       = true;
707           impl->input_field_order[curr_index] = j;
708           curr_index++;
709         }
710         CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&vec_j));
711         CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&rstr_j));
712       }
713       CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&vec_i));
714       CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&rstr_i));
715     }
716   }
717   {
718     bool    is_ordered[CEED_FIELD_MAX];
719     CeedInt curr_index = 0;
720 
721     for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_output_fields; i++) is_ordered[i] = false;
722     for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_output_fields; i++) {
723       CeedSize            e_vec_len_i;
724       CeedVector          vec_i;
725       CeedElemRestriction rstr_i;
726 
727       if (is_ordered[i]) continue;
728       is_ordered[i]                        = true;
729       impl->output_field_order[curr_index] = i;
730       curr_index++;
731       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_output_fields[i], &vec_i));
732       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(op_output_fields[i], &rstr_i));
733       CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetEVectorSize(rstr_i, &e_vec_len_i));
734       impl->max_active_e_vec_len = e_vec_len_i > impl->max_active_e_vec_len ? e_vec_len_i : impl->max_active_e_vec_len;
735       for (CeedInt j = i + 1; j < num_output_fields; j++) {
736         CeedVector          vec_j;
737         CeedElemRestriction rstr_j;
738 
739         CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_output_fields[j], &vec_j));
740         CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(op_output_fields[j], &rstr_j));
741         if (rstr_i == rstr_j && vec_i == vec_j) {
742           is_ordered[j]                        = true;
743           impl->output_field_order[curr_index] = j;
744           curr_index++;
745         }
746         CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&vec_j));
747         CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&rstr_j));
748       }
749       CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&vec_i));
750       CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&rstr_i));
751     }
752   }
753   CeedCallBackend(CeedClearWorkVectors(CeedOperatorReturnCeed(op), impl->max_active_e_vec_len));
754   {
755     // Create two work vectors for diagonal assembly
756     CeedVector temp_1, temp_2;
757 
758     CeedCallBackend(CeedGetWorkVector(CeedOperatorReturnCeed(op), impl->max_active_e_vec_len, &temp_1));
759     CeedCallBackend(CeedGetWorkVector(CeedOperatorReturnCeed(op), impl->max_active_e_vec_len, &temp_2));
760     CeedCallBackend(CeedRestoreWorkVector(CeedOperatorReturnCeed(op), &temp_1));
761     CeedCallBackend(CeedRestoreWorkVector(CeedOperatorReturnCeed(op), &temp_2));
762   }
763   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorSetSetupDone(op));
764   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionDestroy(&qf));
765   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
766 }
767 
768 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
769 // Input Basis Action AtPoints
770 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
771 static inline int CeedOperatorInputBasisAtPoints_Cuda(CeedOperatorField op_input_field, CeedQFunctionField qf_input_field, CeedInt input_field,
772                                                       CeedVector in_vec, CeedVector active_e_vec, CeedInt num_elem, const CeedInt *num_points,
773                                                       const bool skip_active, const bool skip_passive, CeedOperator_Cuda *impl) {
774   bool         is_active = false;
775   CeedEvalMode eval_mode;
776   CeedVector   l_vec, e_vec = impl->e_vecs_in[input_field], q_vec = impl->q_vecs_in[input_field];
777 
778   // Skip active input
779   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_input_field, &l_vec));
780   is_active = l_vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE;
781   if (skip_active && is_active) return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
782   if (skip_passive && !is_active) {
783     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&l_vec));
784     return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
785   }
786   if (is_active) {
787     l_vec = in_vec;
788     if (!e_vec) e_vec = active_e_vec;
789   }
790 
791   // Basis action
792   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_input_field, &eval_mode));
793   switch (eval_mode) {
794     case CEED_EVAL_NONE: {
795       const CeedScalar *e_vec_array;
796 
797       if (e_vec) {
798         CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetArrayRead(e_vec, CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &e_vec_array));
799       } else {
800         CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetArrayRead(l_vec, CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &e_vec_array));
801       }
802       CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorSetArray(q_vec, CEED_MEM_DEVICE, CEED_USE_POINTER, (CeedScalar *)e_vec_array));
803       break;
804     }
805     case CEED_EVAL_INTERP:
806     case CEED_EVAL_GRAD:
807     case CEED_EVAL_DIV:
808     case CEED_EVAL_CURL: {
809       CeedBasis basis;
810 
811       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(op_input_field, &basis));
812       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisApplyAtPoints(basis, num_elem, num_points, CEED_NOTRANSPOSE, eval_mode, impl->point_coords_elem, e_vec, q_vec));
813       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisDestroy(&basis));
814       break;
815     }
816     case CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT:
817       break;  // No action
818   }
819   if (!is_active) CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&l_vec));
820   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
821 }
822 
823 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
824 // Apply and add to output AtPoints
825 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
826 static int CeedOperatorApplyAddAtPoints_Cuda(CeedOperator op, CeedVector in_vec, CeedVector out_vec, CeedRequest *request) {
827   CeedInt             max_num_points, *num_points, num_elem, num_input_fields, num_output_fields;
828   Ceed                ceed;
829   CeedVector          active_e_vec;
830   CeedQFunctionField *qf_input_fields, *qf_output_fields;
831   CeedQFunction       qf;
832   CeedOperatorField  *op_input_fields, *op_output_fields;
833   CeedOperator_Cuda  *impl;
834 
835   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetCeed(op, &ceed));
836   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetData(op, &impl));
837   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetQFunction(op, &qf));
838   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetNumElements(op, &num_elem));
839   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetFields(op, &num_input_fields, &op_input_fields, &num_output_fields, &op_output_fields));
840   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionGetFields(qf, NULL, &qf_input_fields, NULL, &qf_output_fields));
841 
842   // Setup
843   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorSetupAtPoints_Cuda(op));
844   num_points     = impl->num_points;
845   max_num_points = impl->max_num_points;
846 
847   // Work vector
848   CeedCallBackend(CeedGetWorkVector(ceed, impl->max_active_e_vec_len, &active_e_vec));
849 
850   // Get point coordinates
851   if (!impl->point_coords_elem) {
852     CeedVector          point_coords = NULL;
853     CeedElemRestriction rstr_points  = NULL;
854 
855     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorAtPointsGetPoints(op, &rstr_points, &point_coords));
856     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionCreateVector(rstr_points, NULL, &impl->point_coords_elem));
857     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionApply(rstr_points, CEED_NOTRANSPOSE, point_coords, impl->point_coords_elem, request));
858     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&point_coords));
859     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&rstr_points));
860   }
861 
862   // Process inputs
863   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_input_fields; i++) {
864     CeedInt field = impl->input_field_order[i];
865 
866     CeedCallBackend(
867         CeedOperatorInputRestrict_Cuda(op_input_fields[field], qf_input_fields[field], field, in_vec, active_e_vec, false, impl, request));
868     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorInputBasisAtPoints_Cuda(op_input_fields[field], qf_input_fields[field], field, in_vec, active_e_vec, num_elem,
869                                                         num_points, false, false, impl));
870   }
871 
872   // Output pointers, as necessary
873   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_output_fields; i++) {
874     CeedEvalMode eval_mode;
875 
876     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_output_fields[i], &eval_mode));
877     if (eval_mode == CEED_EVAL_NONE) {
878       CeedScalar *e_vec_array;
879 
880       CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetArrayWrite(impl->e_vecs_out[i], CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &e_vec_array));
881       CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorSetArray(impl->q_vecs_out[i], CEED_MEM_DEVICE, CEED_USE_POINTER, e_vec_array));
882     }
883   }
884 
885   // Q function
886   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionApply(qf, num_elem * max_num_points, impl->q_vecs_in, impl->q_vecs_out));
887 
888   // Restore input arrays
889   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_input_fields; i++) {
890     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorInputRestore_Cuda(op_input_fields[i], qf_input_fields[i], i, in_vec, active_e_vec, false, impl));
891   }
892 
893   // Output basis and restriction
894   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_output_fields; i++) {
895     bool         is_active = false;
896     CeedInt      field     = impl->output_field_order[i];
897     CeedEvalMode eval_mode;
898     CeedVector   l_vec, e_vec = impl->e_vecs_out[field], q_vec = impl->q_vecs_out[field];
899 
900     // Output vector
901     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_output_fields[field], &l_vec));
902     is_active = l_vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE;
903     if (is_active) {
904       l_vec = out_vec;
905       if (!e_vec) e_vec = active_e_vec;
906     }
907 
908     // Basis action
909     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_output_fields[field], &eval_mode));
910     switch (eval_mode) {
911       case CEED_EVAL_NONE:
912         break;  // No action
913       case CEED_EVAL_INTERP:
914       case CEED_EVAL_GRAD:
915       case CEED_EVAL_DIV:
916       case CEED_EVAL_CURL: {
917         CeedBasis basis;
918 
919         CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(op_output_fields[field], &basis));
920         if (impl->apply_add_basis_out[field]) {
921           CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisApplyAddAtPoints(basis, num_elem, num_points, CEED_TRANSPOSE, eval_mode, impl->point_coords_elem, q_vec, e_vec));
922         } else {
923           CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisApplyAtPoints(basis, num_elem, num_points, CEED_TRANSPOSE, eval_mode, impl->point_coords_elem, q_vec, e_vec));
924         }
925         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisDestroy(&basis));
926         break;
927       }
928       // LCOV_EXCL_START
929       case CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT: {
930         return CeedError(ceed, CEED_ERROR_BACKEND, "CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT cannot be an output evaluation mode");
931         // LCOV_EXCL_STOP
932       }
933     }
934 
935     // Restore evec
936     if (eval_mode == CEED_EVAL_NONE) {
937       CeedScalar *e_vec_array;
938 
939       CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorTakeArray(impl->q_vecs_out[i], CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &e_vec_array));
940       CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorRestoreArray(e_vec, &e_vec_array));
941     }
942 
943     // Restrict
944     if (!impl->skip_rstr_out[field]) {
945       CeedElemRestriction elem_rstr;
946 
947       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(op_output_fields[field], &elem_rstr));
948       CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionApply(elem_rstr, CEED_TRANSPOSE, e_vec, l_vec, request));
949       CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&elem_rstr));
950     }
951     if (!is_active) CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&l_vec));
952   }
953 
954   // Restore work vector
955   CeedCallBackend(CeedRestoreWorkVector(ceed, &active_e_vec));
956   CeedCallBackend(CeedDestroy(&ceed));
957   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionDestroy(&qf));
958   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
959 }
960 
961 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
962 // Linear QFunction Assembly Core
963 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
964 static inline int CeedOperatorLinearAssembleQFunctionCore_Cuda(CeedOperator op, bool build_objects, CeedVector *assembled, CeedElemRestriction *rstr,
965                                                                CeedRequest *request) {
966   Ceed                ceed, ceed_parent;
967   CeedInt             num_active_in, num_active_out, Q, num_elem, num_input_fields, num_output_fields, size;
968   CeedScalar         *assembled_array;
969   CeedVector         *active_inputs;
970   CeedQFunctionField *qf_input_fields, *qf_output_fields;
971   CeedQFunction       qf;
972   CeedOperatorField  *op_input_fields, *op_output_fields;
973   CeedOperator_Cuda  *impl;
974 
975   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetCeed(op, &ceed));
976   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetFallbackParentCeed(op, &ceed_parent));
977   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetData(op, &impl));
978   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetNumQuadraturePoints(op, &Q));
979   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetNumElements(op, &num_elem));
980   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetQFunction(op, &qf));
981   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionGetFields(qf, NULL, &qf_input_fields, NULL, &qf_output_fields));
982   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetFields(op, &num_input_fields, &op_input_fields, &num_output_fields, &op_output_fields));
983   active_inputs = impl->qf_active_in;
984   num_active_in = impl->num_active_in, num_active_out = impl->num_active_out;
985 
986   // Setup
987   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorSetup_Cuda(op));
988 
989   // Process inputs
990   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_input_fields; i++) {
991     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorInputRestrict_Cuda(op_input_fields[i], qf_input_fields[i], i, NULL, NULL, true, impl, request));
992     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorInputBasis_Cuda(op_input_fields[i], qf_input_fields[i], i, NULL, NULL, num_elem, true, impl));
993   }
994 
995   // Count number of active input fields
996   if (!num_active_in) {
997     for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_input_fields; i++) {
998       CeedScalar *q_vec_array;
999       CeedVector  l_vec;
1000 
1001       // Check if active input
1002       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_input_fields[i], &l_vec));
1003       if (l_vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) {
1004         CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetSize(qf_input_fields[i], &size));
1005         CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorSetValue(impl->q_vecs_in[i], 0.0));
1006         CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetArray(impl->q_vecs_in[i], CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &q_vec_array));
1007         CeedCallBackend(CeedRealloc(num_active_in + size, &active_inputs));
1008         for (CeedInt field = 0; field < size; field++) {
1009           CeedSize q_size = (CeedSize)Q * num_elem;
1010 
1011           CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorCreate(ceed, q_size, &active_inputs[num_active_in + field]));
1012           CeedCallBackend(
1013               CeedVectorSetArray(active_inputs[num_active_in + field], CEED_MEM_DEVICE, CEED_USE_POINTER, &q_vec_array[field * Q * num_elem]));
1014         }
1015         num_active_in += size;
1016         CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorRestoreArray(impl->q_vecs_in[i], &q_vec_array));
1017       }
1018       CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&l_vec));
1019     }
1020     impl->num_active_in = num_active_in;
1021     impl->qf_active_in  = active_inputs;
1022   }
1023 
1024   // Count number of active output fields
1025   if (!num_active_out) {
1026     for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_output_fields; i++) {
1027       CeedVector l_vec;
1028 
1029       // Check if active output
1030       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_output_fields[i], &l_vec));
1031       if (l_vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) {
1032         CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetSize(qf_output_fields[i], &size));
1033         num_active_out += size;
1034       }
1035       CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&l_vec));
1036     }
1037     impl->num_active_out = num_active_out;
1038   }
1039 
1040   // Check sizes
1041   CeedCheck(num_active_in > 0 && num_active_out > 0, ceed, CEED_ERROR_BACKEND, "Cannot assemble QFunction without active inputs and outputs");
1042 
1043   // Build objects if needed
1044   if (build_objects) {
1045     CeedSize l_size     = (CeedSize)num_elem * Q * num_active_in * num_active_out;
1046     CeedInt  strides[3] = {1, num_elem * Q, Q}; /* *NOPAD* */
1047 
1048     // Create output restriction
1049     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionCreateStrided(ceed_parent, num_elem, Q, num_active_in * num_active_out,
1050                                                      (CeedSize)num_active_in * (CeedSize)num_active_out * (CeedSize)num_elem * (CeedSize)Q, strides,
1051                                                      rstr));
1052     // Create assembled vector
1053     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorCreate(ceed_parent, l_size, assembled));
1054   }
1055   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorSetValue(*assembled, 0.0));
1056   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetArray(*assembled, CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &assembled_array));
1057 
1058   // Assemble QFunction
1059   for (CeedInt in = 0; in < num_active_in; in++) {
1060     // Set Inputs
1061     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorSetValue(active_inputs[in], 1.0));
1062     if (num_active_in > 1) {
1063       CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorSetValue(active_inputs[(in + num_active_in - 1) % num_active_in], 0.0));
1064     }
1065     // Set Outputs
1066     for (CeedInt out = 0; out < num_output_fields; out++) {
1067       CeedVector l_vec;
1068 
1069       // Check if active output
1070       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_output_fields[out], &l_vec));
1071       if (l_vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) {
1072         CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorSetArray(impl->q_vecs_out[out], CEED_MEM_DEVICE, CEED_USE_POINTER, assembled_array));
1073         CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetSize(qf_output_fields[out], &size));
1074         assembled_array += size * Q * num_elem;  // Advance the pointer by the size of the output
1075       }
1076       CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&l_vec));
1077     }
1078     // Apply QFunction
1079     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionApply(qf, Q * num_elem, impl->q_vecs_in, impl->q_vecs_out));
1080   }
1081 
1082   // Un-set output q-vecs to prevent accidental overwrite of Assembled
1083   for (CeedInt out = 0; out < num_output_fields; out++) {
1084     CeedVector l_vec;
1085 
1086     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_output_fields[out], &l_vec));
1087     if (l_vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) {
1088       CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorTakeArray(impl->q_vecs_out[out], CEED_MEM_DEVICE, NULL));
1089     }
1090     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&l_vec));
1091   }
1092 
1093   // Restore input arrays
1094   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_input_fields; i++) {
1095     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorInputRestore_Cuda(op_input_fields[i], qf_input_fields[i], i, NULL, NULL, true, impl));
1096   }
1097 
1098   // Restore output
1099   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorRestoreArray(*assembled, &assembled_array));
1100   CeedCallBackend(CeedDestroy(&ceed));
1101   CeedCallBackend(CeedDestroy(&ceed_parent));
1102   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionDestroy(&qf));
1103   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
1104 }
1105 
1106 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1107 // Assemble Linear QFunction
1108 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1109 static int CeedOperatorLinearAssembleQFunction_Cuda(CeedOperator op, CeedVector *assembled, CeedElemRestriction *rstr, CeedRequest *request) {
1110   return CeedOperatorLinearAssembleQFunctionCore_Cuda(op, true, assembled, rstr, request);
1111 }
1112 
1113 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1114 // Update Assembled Linear QFunction
1115 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1116 static int CeedOperatorLinearAssembleQFunctionUpdate_Cuda(CeedOperator op, CeedVector assembled, CeedElemRestriction rstr, CeedRequest *request) {
1117   return CeedOperatorLinearAssembleQFunctionCore_Cuda(op, false, &assembled, &rstr, request);
1118 }
1119 
1120 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1121 // Assemble Diagonal Setup
1122 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1123 static inline int CeedOperatorAssembleDiagonalSetup_Cuda(CeedOperator op) {
1124   Ceed                ceed;
1125   CeedInt             num_input_fields, num_output_fields, num_eval_modes_in = 0, num_eval_modes_out = 0;
1126   CeedInt             q_comp, num_nodes, num_qpts;
1127   CeedEvalMode       *eval_modes_in = NULL, *eval_modes_out = NULL;
1128   CeedBasis           basis_in = NULL, basis_out = NULL;
1129   CeedQFunctionField *qf_fields;
1130   CeedQFunction       qf;
1131   CeedOperatorField  *op_fields;
1132   CeedOperator_Cuda  *impl;
1133 
1134   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetCeed(op, &ceed));
1135   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetQFunction(op, &qf));
1136   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionGetNumArgs(qf, &num_input_fields, &num_output_fields));
1137 
1138   // Determine active input basis
1139   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetFields(op, NULL, &op_fields, NULL, NULL));
1140   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionGetFields(qf, NULL, &qf_fields, NULL, NULL));
1141   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_input_fields; i++) {
1142     CeedVector vec;
1143 
1144     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_fields[i], &vec));
1145     if (vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) {
1146       CeedEvalMode eval_mode;
1147       CeedBasis    basis;
1148 
1149       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(op_fields[i], &basis));
1150       CeedCheck(!basis_in || basis_in == basis, ceed, CEED_ERROR_BACKEND,
1151                 "Backend does not implement operator diagonal assembly with multiple active bases");
1152       if (!basis_in) CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisReferenceCopy(basis, &basis_in));
1153       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisDestroy(&basis));
1154       CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_fields[i], &eval_mode));
1155       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadratureComponents(basis_in, eval_mode, &q_comp));
1156       if (eval_mode != CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT) {
1157         // q_comp = 1 if CEED_EVAL_NONE, CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT caught by QF assembly
1158         CeedCallBackend(CeedRealloc(num_eval_modes_in + q_comp, &eval_modes_in));
1159         for (CeedInt d = 0; d < q_comp; d++) eval_modes_in[num_eval_modes_in + d] = eval_mode;
1160         num_eval_modes_in += q_comp;
1161       }
1162     }
1163     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&vec));
1164   }
1165 
1166   // Determine active output basis
1167   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetFields(op, NULL, NULL, NULL, &op_fields));
1168   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionGetFields(qf, NULL, NULL, NULL, &qf_fields));
1169   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_output_fields; i++) {
1170     CeedVector vec;
1171 
1172     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_fields[i], &vec));
1173     if (vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) {
1174       CeedBasis    basis;
1175       CeedEvalMode eval_mode;
1176 
1177       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(op_fields[i], &basis));
1178       CeedCheck(!basis_out || basis_out == basis, ceed, CEED_ERROR_BACKEND,
1179                 "Backend does not implement operator diagonal assembly with multiple active bases");
1180       if (!basis_out) CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisReferenceCopy(basis, &basis_out));
1181       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisDestroy(&basis));
1182       CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_fields[i], &eval_mode));
1183       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadratureComponents(basis_out, eval_mode, &q_comp));
1184       if (eval_mode != CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT) {
1185         // q_comp = 1 if CEED_EVAL_NONE, CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT caught by QF assembly
1186         CeedCallBackend(CeedRealloc(num_eval_modes_out + q_comp, &eval_modes_out));
1187         for (CeedInt d = 0; d < q_comp; d++) eval_modes_out[num_eval_modes_out + d] = eval_mode;
1188         num_eval_modes_out += q_comp;
1189       }
1190     }
1191     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&vec));
1192   }
1193 
1194   // Operator data struct
1195   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetData(op, &impl));
1196   CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(1, &impl->diag));
1197   CeedOperatorDiag_Cuda *diag = impl->diag;
1198 
1199   // Basis matrices
1200   CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumNodes(basis_in, &num_nodes));
1201   if (basis_in == CEED_BASIS_NONE) num_qpts = num_nodes;
1202   else CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadraturePoints(basis_in, &num_qpts));
1203   const CeedInt interp_bytes     = num_nodes * num_qpts * sizeof(CeedScalar);
1204   const CeedInt eval_modes_bytes = sizeof(CeedEvalMode);
1205   bool          has_eval_none    = false;
1206 
1207   // CEED_EVAL_NONE
1208   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_eval_modes_in; i++) has_eval_none = has_eval_none || (eval_modes_in[i] == CEED_EVAL_NONE);
1209   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_eval_modes_out; i++) has_eval_none = has_eval_none || (eval_modes_out[i] == CEED_EVAL_NONE);
1210   if (has_eval_none) {
1211     CeedScalar *identity = NULL;
1212 
1213     CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(num_nodes * num_qpts, &identity));
1214     for (CeedInt i = 0; i < (num_nodes < num_qpts ? num_nodes : num_qpts); i++) identity[i * num_nodes + i] = 1.0;
1215     CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaMalloc((void **)&diag->d_identity, interp_bytes));
1216     CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaMemcpy(diag->d_identity, identity, interp_bytes, cudaMemcpyHostToDevice));
1217     CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&identity));
1218   }
1219 
1220   // CEED_EVAL_INTERP, CEED_EVAL_GRAD, CEED_EVAL_DIV, and CEED_EVAL_CURL
1221   for (CeedInt in = 0; in < 2; in++) {
1222     CeedFESpace fespace;
1223     CeedBasis   basis = in ? basis_in : basis_out;
1224 
1225     CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetFESpace(basis, &fespace));
1226     switch (fespace) {
1227       case CEED_FE_SPACE_H1: {
1228         CeedInt           q_comp_interp, q_comp_grad;
1229         const CeedScalar *interp, *grad;
1230         CeedScalar       *d_interp, *d_grad;
1231 
1232         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadratureComponents(basis, CEED_EVAL_INTERP, &q_comp_interp));
1233         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadratureComponents(basis, CEED_EVAL_GRAD, &q_comp_grad));
1234 
1235         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetInterp(basis, &interp));
1236         CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaMalloc((void **)&d_interp, interp_bytes * q_comp_interp));
1237         CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaMemcpy(d_interp, interp, interp_bytes * q_comp_interp, cudaMemcpyHostToDevice));
1238         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetGrad(basis, &grad));
1239         CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaMalloc((void **)&d_grad, interp_bytes * q_comp_grad));
1240         CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaMemcpy(d_grad, grad, interp_bytes * q_comp_grad, cudaMemcpyHostToDevice));
1241         if (in) {
1242           diag->d_interp_in = d_interp;
1243           diag->d_grad_in   = d_grad;
1244         } else {
1245           diag->d_interp_out = d_interp;
1246           diag->d_grad_out   = d_grad;
1247         }
1248       } break;
1249       case CEED_FE_SPACE_HDIV: {
1250         CeedInt           q_comp_interp, q_comp_div;
1251         const CeedScalar *interp, *div;
1252         CeedScalar       *d_interp, *d_div;
1253 
1254         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadratureComponents(basis, CEED_EVAL_INTERP, &q_comp_interp));
1255         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadratureComponents(basis, CEED_EVAL_DIV, &q_comp_div));
1256 
1257         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetInterp(basis, &interp));
1258         CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaMalloc((void **)&d_interp, interp_bytes * q_comp_interp));
1259         CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaMemcpy(d_interp, interp, interp_bytes * q_comp_interp, cudaMemcpyHostToDevice));
1260         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetDiv(basis, &div));
1261         CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaMalloc((void **)&d_div, interp_bytes * q_comp_div));
1262         CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaMemcpy(d_div, div, interp_bytes * q_comp_div, cudaMemcpyHostToDevice));
1263         if (in) {
1264           diag->d_interp_in = d_interp;
1265           diag->d_div_in    = d_div;
1266         } else {
1267           diag->d_interp_out = d_interp;
1268           diag->d_div_out    = d_div;
1269         }
1270       } break;
1271       case CEED_FE_SPACE_HCURL: {
1272         CeedInt           q_comp_interp, q_comp_curl;
1273         const CeedScalar *interp, *curl;
1274         CeedScalar       *d_interp, *d_curl;
1275 
1276         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadratureComponents(basis, CEED_EVAL_INTERP, &q_comp_interp));
1277         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadratureComponents(basis, CEED_EVAL_CURL, &q_comp_curl));
1278 
1279         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetInterp(basis, &interp));
1280         CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaMalloc((void **)&d_interp, interp_bytes * q_comp_interp));
1281         CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaMemcpy(d_interp, interp, interp_bytes * q_comp_interp, cudaMemcpyHostToDevice));
1282         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetCurl(basis, &curl));
1283         CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaMalloc((void **)&d_curl, interp_bytes * q_comp_curl));
1284         CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaMemcpy(d_curl, curl, interp_bytes * q_comp_curl, cudaMemcpyHostToDevice));
1285         if (in) {
1286           diag->d_interp_in = d_interp;
1287           diag->d_curl_in   = d_curl;
1288         } else {
1289           diag->d_interp_out = d_interp;
1290           diag->d_curl_out   = d_curl;
1291         }
1292       } break;
1293     }
1294   }
1295 
1296   // Arrays of eval_modes
1297   CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaMalloc((void **)&diag->d_eval_modes_in, num_eval_modes_in * eval_modes_bytes));
1298   CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaMemcpy(diag->d_eval_modes_in, eval_modes_in, num_eval_modes_in * eval_modes_bytes, cudaMemcpyHostToDevice));
1299   CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaMalloc((void **)&diag->d_eval_modes_out, num_eval_modes_out * eval_modes_bytes));
1300   CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaMemcpy(diag->d_eval_modes_out, eval_modes_out, num_eval_modes_out * eval_modes_bytes, cudaMemcpyHostToDevice));
1301   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&eval_modes_in));
1302   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&eval_modes_out));
1303   CeedCallBackend(CeedDestroy(&ceed));
1304   CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisDestroy(&basis_in));
1305   CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisDestroy(&basis_out));
1306   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionDestroy(&qf));
1307   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
1308 }
1309 
1310 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1311 // Assemble Diagonal Setup (Compilation)
1312 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1313 static inline int CeedOperatorAssembleDiagonalSetupCompile_Cuda(CeedOperator op, CeedInt use_ceedsize_idx, const bool is_point_block) {
1314   Ceed                ceed;
1315   CeedInt             num_input_fields, num_output_fields, num_eval_modes_in = 0, num_eval_modes_out = 0;
1316   CeedInt             num_comp, q_comp, num_nodes, num_qpts;
1317   CeedBasis           basis_in = NULL, basis_out = NULL;
1318   CeedQFunctionField *qf_fields;
1319   CeedQFunction       qf;
1320   CeedOperatorField  *op_fields;
1321   CeedOperator_Cuda  *impl;
1322 
1323   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetCeed(op, &ceed));
1324   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetQFunction(op, &qf));
1325   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionGetNumArgs(qf, &num_input_fields, &num_output_fields));
1326 
1327   // Determine active input basis
1328   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetFields(op, NULL, &op_fields, NULL, NULL));
1329   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionGetFields(qf, NULL, &qf_fields, NULL, NULL));
1330   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_input_fields; i++) {
1331     CeedVector vec;
1332 
1333     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_fields[i], &vec));
1334     if (vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) {
1335       CeedEvalMode eval_mode;
1336       CeedBasis    basis;
1337 
1338       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(op_fields[i], &basis));
1339       if (!basis_in) CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisReferenceCopy(basis, &basis_in));
1340       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisDestroy(&basis));
1341       CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_fields[i], &eval_mode));
1342       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadratureComponents(basis_in, eval_mode, &q_comp));
1343       if (eval_mode != CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT) {
1344         num_eval_modes_in += q_comp;
1345       }
1346     }
1347     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&vec));
1348   }
1349 
1350   // Determine active output basis
1351   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetFields(op, NULL, NULL, NULL, &op_fields));
1352   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionGetFields(qf, NULL, NULL, NULL, &qf_fields));
1353   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_output_fields; i++) {
1354     CeedVector vec;
1355 
1356     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_fields[i], &vec));
1357     if (vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) {
1358       CeedEvalMode eval_mode;
1359       CeedBasis    basis;
1360 
1361       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(op_fields[i], &basis));
1362       if (!basis_out) CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisReferenceCopy(basis, &basis_out));
1363       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisDestroy(&basis));
1364       CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_fields[i], &eval_mode));
1365       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadratureComponents(basis_out, eval_mode, &q_comp));
1366       if (eval_mode != CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT) {
1367         num_eval_modes_out += q_comp;
1368       }
1369     }
1370     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&vec));
1371   }
1372 
1373   // Operator data struct
1374   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetData(op, &impl));
1375   CeedOperatorDiag_Cuda *diag = impl->diag;
1376 
1377   // Assemble kernel
1378   const char diagonal_kernel_source[] = "// Diagonal assembly source\n#include <ceed/jit-source/cuda/cuda-ref-operator-assemble-diagonal.h>\n";
1379   CUmodule  *module                   = is_point_block ? &diag->module_point_block : &diag->module;
1380   CeedInt    elems_per_block          = 1;
1381 
1382   CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumNodes(basis_in, &num_nodes));
1383   CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumComponents(basis_in, &num_comp));
1384   if (basis_in == CEED_BASIS_NONE) num_qpts = num_nodes;
1385   else CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadraturePoints(basis_in, &num_qpts));
1386   CeedCallCuda(ceed, CeedCompile_Cuda(ceed, diagonal_kernel_source, module, 8, "NUM_EVAL_MODES_IN", num_eval_modes_in, "NUM_EVAL_MODES_OUT",
1387                                       num_eval_modes_out, "NUM_COMP", num_comp, "NUM_NODES", num_nodes, "NUM_QPTS", num_qpts, "USE_CEEDSIZE",
1388                                       use_ceedsize_idx, "USE_POINT_BLOCK", is_point_block ? 1 : 0, "BLOCK_SIZE", num_nodes * elems_per_block));
1389   CeedCallCuda(ceed, CeedGetKernel_Cuda(ceed, *module, "LinearDiagonal", is_point_block ? &diag->LinearPointBlock : &diag->LinearDiagonal));
1390   CeedCallBackend(CeedDestroy(&ceed));
1391   CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisDestroy(&basis_in));
1392   CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisDestroy(&basis_out));
1393   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionDestroy(&qf));
1394   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
1395 }
1396 
1397 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1398 // Assemble Diagonal Core
1399 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1400 static inline int CeedOperatorAssembleDiagonalCore_Cuda(CeedOperator op, CeedVector assembled, CeedRequest *request, const bool is_point_block) {
1401   Ceed                ceed;
1402   CeedInt             num_elem, num_nodes;
1403   CeedScalar         *elem_diag_array;
1404   const CeedScalar   *assembled_qf_array;
1405   CeedVector          assembled_qf   = NULL, elem_diag;
1406   CeedElemRestriction assembled_rstr = NULL, rstr_in, rstr_out, diag_rstr;
1407   CeedOperator_Cuda  *impl;
1408 
1409   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetCeed(op, &ceed));
1410   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetData(op, &impl));
1411 
1412   // Assemble QFunction
1413   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorLinearAssembleQFunctionBuildOrUpdate(op, &assembled_qf, &assembled_rstr, request));
1414   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&assembled_rstr));
1415   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetArrayRead(assembled_qf, CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &assembled_qf_array));
1416 
1417   // Setup
1418   if (!impl->diag) CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorAssembleDiagonalSetup_Cuda(op));
1419   CeedOperatorDiag_Cuda *diag = impl->diag;
1420 
1421   assert(diag != NULL);
1422 
1423   // Assemble kernel if needed
1424   if ((!is_point_block && !diag->LinearDiagonal) || (is_point_block && !diag->LinearPointBlock)) {
1425     CeedSize assembled_length, assembled_qf_length;
1426     CeedInt  use_ceedsize_idx = 0;
1427     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetLength(assembled, &assembled_length));
1428     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetLength(assembled_qf, &assembled_qf_length));
1429     if ((assembled_length > INT_MAX) || (assembled_qf_length > INT_MAX)) use_ceedsize_idx = 1;
1430 
1431     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorAssembleDiagonalSetupCompile_Cuda(op, use_ceedsize_idx, is_point_block));
1432   }
1433 
1434   // Restriction and diagonal vector
1435   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetActiveElemRestrictions(op, &rstr_in, &rstr_out));
1436   CeedCheck(rstr_in == rstr_out, ceed, CEED_ERROR_BACKEND,
1437             "Cannot assemble operator diagonal with different input and output active element restrictions");
1438   if (!is_point_block && !diag->diag_rstr) {
1439     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionCreateUnsignedCopy(rstr_out, &diag->diag_rstr));
1440     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionCreateVector(diag->diag_rstr, NULL, &diag->elem_diag));
1441   } else if (is_point_block && !diag->point_block_diag_rstr) {
1442     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorCreateActivePointBlockRestriction(rstr_out, &diag->point_block_diag_rstr));
1443     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionCreateVector(diag->point_block_diag_rstr, NULL, &diag->point_block_elem_diag));
1444   }
1445   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&rstr_in));
1446   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&rstr_out));
1447   diag_rstr = is_point_block ? diag->point_block_diag_rstr : diag->diag_rstr;
1448   elem_diag = is_point_block ? diag->point_block_elem_diag : diag->elem_diag;
1449   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorSetValue(elem_diag, 0.0));
1450 
1451   // Only assemble diagonal if the basis has nodes, otherwise inputs are null pointers
1452   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetElementSize(diag_rstr, &num_nodes));
1453   if (num_nodes > 0) {
1454     // Assemble element operator diagonals
1455     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetNumElements(diag_rstr, &num_elem));
1456     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetArray(elem_diag, CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &elem_diag_array));
1457 
1458     // Compute the diagonal of B^T D B
1459     CeedInt elems_per_block = 1;
1460     CeedInt grid            = CeedDivUpInt(num_elem, elems_per_block);
1461     void   *args[]          = {(void *)&num_elem,      &diag->d_identity,       &diag->d_interp_in,  &diag->d_grad_in, &diag->d_div_in,
1462                                &diag->d_curl_in,       &diag->d_interp_out,     &diag->d_grad_out,   &diag->d_div_out, &diag->d_curl_out,
1463                                &diag->d_eval_modes_in, &diag->d_eval_modes_out, &assembled_qf_array, &elem_diag_array};
1464 
1465     if (is_point_block) {
1466       CeedCallBackend(CeedRunKernelDim_Cuda(ceed, diag->LinearPointBlock, grid, num_nodes, 1, elems_per_block, args));
1467     } else {
1468       CeedCallBackend(CeedRunKernelDim_Cuda(ceed, diag->LinearDiagonal, grid, num_nodes, 1, elems_per_block, args));
1469     }
1470 
1471     // Restore arrays
1472     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorRestoreArray(elem_diag, &elem_diag_array));
1473     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorRestoreArrayRead(assembled_qf, &assembled_qf_array));
1474   }
1475 
1476   // Assemble local operator diagonal
1477   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionApply(diag_rstr, CEED_TRANSPOSE, elem_diag, assembled, request));
1478 
1479   // Cleanup
1480   CeedCallBackend(CeedDestroy(&ceed));
1481   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&assembled_qf));
1482   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
1483 }
1484 
1485 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1486 // Assemble Linear Diagonal
1487 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1488 static int CeedOperatorLinearAssembleAddDiagonal_Cuda(CeedOperator op, CeedVector assembled, CeedRequest *request) {
1489   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorAssembleDiagonalCore_Cuda(op, assembled, request, false));
1490   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
1491 }
1492 
1493 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1494 // Assemble Linear Point Block Diagonal
1495 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1496 static int CeedOperatorLinearAssembleAddPointBlockDiagonal_Cuda(CeedOperator op, CeedVector assembled, CeedRequest *request) {
1497   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorAssembleDiagonalCore_Cuda(op, assembled, request, true));
1498   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
1499 }
1500 
1501 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1502 // Single Operator Assembly Setup
1503 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1504 static int CeedSingleOperatorAssembleSetup_Cuda(CeedOperator op, CeedInt use_ceedsize_idx) {
1505   Ceed                ceed;
1506   Ceed_Cuda          *cuda_data;
1507   CeedInt             num_input_fields, num_output_fields, num_eval_modes_in = 0, num_eval_modes_out = 0;
1508   CeedInt             elem_size_in, num_qpts_in = 0, num_comp_in, elem_size_out, num_qpts_out, num_comp_out, q_comp;
1509   CeedEvalMode       *eval_modes_in = NULL, *eval_modes_out = NULL;
1510   CeedElemRestriction rstr_in = NULL, rstr_out = NULL;
1511   CeedBasis           basis_in = NULL, basis_out = NULL;
1512   CeedQFunctionField *qf_fields;
1513   CeedQFunction       qf;
1514   CeedOperatorField  *input_fields, *output_fields;
1515   CeedOperator_Cuda  *impl;
1516 
1517   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetCeed(op, &ceed));
1518   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetData(op, &impl));
1519 
1520   // Get intput and output fields
1521   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetFields(op, &num_input_fields, &input_fields, &num_output_fields, &output_fields));
1522 
1523   // Determine active input basis eval mode
1524   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetQFunction(op, &qf));
1525   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionGetFields(qf, NULL, &qf_fields, NULL, NULL));
1526   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_input_fields; i++) {
1527     CeedVector vec;
1528 
1529     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(input_fields[i], &vec));
1530     if (vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) {
1531       CeedEvalMode        eval_mode;
1532       CeedElemRestriction elem_rstr;
1533       CeedBasis           basis;
1534 
1535       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(input_fields[i], &basis));
1536       CeedCheck(!basis_in || basis_in == basis, ceed, CEED_ERROR_BACKEND, "Backend does not implement operator assembly with multiple active bases");
1537       if (!basis_in) CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisReferenceCopy(basis, &basis_in));
1538       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisDestroy(&basis));
1539       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(input_fields[i], &elem_rstr));
1540       if (!rstr_in) CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionReferenceCopy(elem_rstr, &rstr_in));
1541       CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&elem_rstr));
1542       CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetElementSize(rstr_in, &elem_size_in));
1543       if (basis_in == CEED_BASIS_NONE) num_qpts_in = elem_size_in;
1544       else CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadraturePoints(basis_in, &num_qpts_in));
1545       CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_fields[i], &eval_mode));
1546       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadratureComponents(basis_in, eval_mode, &q_comp));
1547       if (eval_mode != CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT) {
1548         // q_comp = 1 if CEED_EVAL_NONE, CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT caught by QF Assembly
1549         CeedCallBackend(CeedRealloc(num_eval_modes_in + q_comp, &eval_modes_in));
1550         for (CeedInt d = 0; d < q_comp; d++) {
1551           eval_modes_in[num_eval_modes_in + d] = eval_mode;
1552         }
1553         num_eval_modes_in += q_comp;
1554       }
1555     }
1556     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&vec));
1557   }
1558 
1559   // Determine active output basis; basis_out and rstr_out only used if same as input, TODO
1560   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionGetFields(qf, NULL, NULL, NULL, &qf_fields));
1561   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_output_fields; i++) {
1562     CeedVector vec;
1563 
1564     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(output_fields[i], &vec));
1565     if (vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) {
1566       CeedEvalMode        eval_mode;
1567       CeedElemRestriction elem_rstr;
1568       CeedBasis           basis;
1569 
1570       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(output_fields[i], &basis));
1571       CeedCheck(!basis_out || basis_out == basis, ceed, CEED_ERROR_BACKEND,
1572                 "Backend does not implement operator assembly with multiple active bases");
1573       if (!basis_out) CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisReferenceCopy(basis, &basis_out));
1574       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisDestroy(&basis));
1575       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(output_fields[i], &elem_rstr));
1576       if (!rstr_out) CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionReferenceCopy(elem_rstr, &rstr_out));
1577       CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&elem_rstr));
1578       CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetElementSize(rstr_out, &elem_size_out));
1579       if (basis_out == CEED_BASIS_NONE) num_qpts_out = elem_size_out;
1580       else CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadraturePoints(basis_out, &num_qpts_out));
1581       CeedCheck(num_qpts_in == num_qpts_out, ceed, CEED_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED,
1582                 "Active input and output bases must have the same number of quadrature points");
1583       CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_fields[i], &eval_mode));
1584       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadratureComponents(basis_out, eval_mode, &q_comp));
1585       if (eval_mode != CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT) {
1586         // q_comp = 1 if CEED_EVAL_NONE, CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT caught by QF Assembly
1587         CeedCallBackend(CeedRealloc(num_eval_modes_out + q_comp, &eval_modes_out));
1588         for (CeedInt d = 0; d < q_comp; d++) {
1589           eval_modes_out[num_eval_modes_out + d] = eval_mode;
1590         }
1591         num_eval_modes_out += q_comp;
1592       }
1593     }
1594     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&vec));
1595   }
1596   CeedCheck(num_eval_modes_in > 0 && num_eval_modes_out > 0, ceed, CEED_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED, "Cannot assemble operator without inputs/outputs");
1597 
1598   CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(1, &impl->asmb));
1599   CeedOperatorAssemble_Cuda *asmb = impl->asmb;
1600   asmb->elems_per_block           = 1;
1601   asmb->block_size_x              = elem_size_in;
1602   asmb->block_size_y              = elem_size_out;
1603 
1604   CeedCallBackend(CeedGetData(ceed, &cuda_data));
1605   bool fallback = asmb->block_size_x * asmb->block_size_y * asmb->elems_per_block > cuda_data->device_prop.maxThreadsPerBlock;
1606 
1607   if (fallback) {
1608     // Use fallback kernel with 1D threadblock
1609     asmb->block_size_y = 1;
1610   }
1611 
1612   // Compile kernels
1613   const char assembly_kernel_source[] = "// Full assembly source\n#include <ceed/jit-source/cuda/cuda-ref-operator-assemble.h>\n";
1614 
1615   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetNumComponents(rstr_in, &num_comp_in));
1616   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetNumComponents(rstr_out, &num_comp_out));
1617   CeedCallBackend(CeedCompile_Cuda(ceed, assembly_kernel_source, &asmb->module, 10, "NUM_EVAL_MODES_IN", num_eval_modes_in, "NUM_EVAL_MODES_OUT",
1618                                    num_eval_modes_out, "NUM_COMP_IN", num_comp_in, "NUM_COMP_OUT", num_comp_out, "NUM_NODES_IN", elem_size_in,
1619                                    "NUM_NODES_OUT", elem_size_out, "NUM_QPTS", num_qpts_in, "BLOCK_SIZE",
1620                                    asmb->block_size_x * asmb->block_size_y * asmb->elems_per_block, "BLOCK_SIZE_Y", asmb->block_size_y,
1621                                    "USE_CEEDSIZE", use_ceedsize_idx));
1622   CeedCallBackend(CeedGetKernel_Cuda(ceed, asmb->module, "LinearAssemble", &asmb->LinearAssemble));
1623 
1624   // Load into B_in, in order that they will be used in eval_modes_in
1625   {
1626     const CeedInt in_bytes           = elem_size_in * num_qpts_in * num_eval_modes_in * sizeof(CeedScalar);
1627     CeedInt       d_in               = 0;
1628     CeedEvalMode  eval_modes_in_prev = CEED_EVAL_NONE;
1629     bool          has_eval_none      = false;
1630     CeedScalar   *identity           = NULL;
1631 
1632     for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_eval_modes_in; i++) {
1633       has_eval_none = has_eval_none || (eval_modes_in[i] == CEED_EVAL_NONE);
1634     }
1635     if (has_eval_none) {
1636       CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(elem_size_in * num_qpts_in, &identity));
1637       for (CeedInt i = 0; i < (elem_size_in < num_qpts_in ? elem_size_in : num_qpts_in); i++) identity[i * elem_size_in + i] = 1.0;
1638     }
1639 
1640     CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaMalloc((void **)&asmb->d_B_in, in_bytes));
1641     for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_eval_modes_in; i++) {
1642       const CeedScalar *h_B_in;
1643 
1644       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetBasisPointer(basis_in, eval_modes_in[i], identity, &h_B_in));
1645       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadratureComponents(basis_in, eval_modes_in[i], &q_comp));
1646       if (q_comp > 1) {
1647         if (i == 0 || eval_modes_in[i] != eval_modes_in_prev) d_in = 0;
1648         else h_B_in = &h_B_in[(++d_in) * elem_size_in * num_qpts_in];
1649       }
1650       eval_modes_in_prev = eval_modes_in[i];
1651 
1652       CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaMemcpy(&asmb->d_B_in[i * elem_size_in * num_qpts_in], h_B_in, elem_size_in * num_qpts_in * sizeof(CeedScalar),
1653                                     cudaMemcpyHostToDevice));
1654     }
1655     CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&identity));
1656   }
1657   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&eval_modes_in));
1658 
1659   // Load into B_out, in order that they will be used in eval_modes_out
1660   {
1661     const CeedInt out_bytes           = elem_size_out * num_qpts_out * num_eval_modes_out * sizeof(CeedScalar);
1662     CeedInt       d_out               = 0;
1663     CeedEvalMode  eval_modes_out_prev = CEED_EVAL_NONE;
1664     bool          has_eval_none       = false;
1665     CeedScalar   *identity            = NULL;
1666 
1667     for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_eval_modes_out; i++) {
1668       has_eval_none = has_eval_none || (eval_modes_out[i] == CEED_EVAL_NONE);
1669     }
1670     if (has_eval_none) {
1671       CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(elem_size_out * num_qpts_out, &identity));
1672       for (CeedInt i = 0; i < (elem_size_out < num_qpts_out ? elem_size_out : num_qpts_out); i++) identity[i * elem_size_out + i] = 1.0;
1673     }
1674 
1675     CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaMalloc((void **)&asmb->d_B_out, out_bytes));
1676     for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_eval_modes_out; i++) {
1677       const CeedScalar *h_B_out;
1678 
1679       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetBasisPointer(basis_out, eval_modes_out[i], identity, &h_B_out));
1680       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadratureComponents(basis_out, eval_modes_out[i], &q_comp));
1681       if (q_comp > 1) {
1682         if (i == 0 || eval_modes_out[i] != eval_modes_out_prev) d_out = 0;
1683         else h_B_out = &h_B_out[(++d_out) * elem_size_out * num_qpts_out];
1684       }
1685       eval_modes_out_prev = eval_modes_out[i];
1686 
1687       CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaMemcpy(&asmb->d_B_out[i * elem_size_out * num_qpts_out], h_B_out, elem_size_out * num_qpts_out * sizeof(CeedScalar),
1688                                     cudaMemcpyHostToDevice));
1689     }
1690     CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&identity));
1691   }
1692   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&eval_modes_out));
1693   CeedCallBackend(CeedDestroy(&ceed));
1694   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&rstr_in));
1695   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&rstr_out));
1696   CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisDestroy(&basis_in));
1697   CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisDestroy(&basis_out));
1698   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionDestroy(&qf));
1699   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
1700 }
1701 
1702 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1703 // Assemble matrix data for COO matrix of assembled operator.
1704 // The sparsity pattern is set by CeedOperatorLinearAssembleSymbolic.
1705 //
1706 // Note that this (and other assembly routines) currently assume only one active input restriction/basis per operator
1707 // (could have multiple basis eval modes).
1708 // TODO: allow multiple active input restrictions/basis objects
1709 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1710 static int CeedSingleOperatorAssemble_Cuda(CeedOperator op, CeedInt offset, CeedVector values) {
1711   Ceed                ceed;
1712   CeedSize            values_length = 0, assembled_qf_length = 0;
1713   CeedInt             use_ceedsize_idx = 0, num_elem_in, num_elem_out, elem_size_in, elem_size_out;
1714   CeedScalar         *values_array;
1715   const CeedScalar   *assembled_qf_array;
1716   CeedVector          assembled_qf   = NULL;
1717   CeedElemRestriction assembled_rstr = NULL, rstr_in, rstr_out;
1718   CeedRestrictionType rstr_type_in, rstr_type_out;
1719   const bool         *orients_in = NULL, *orients_out = NULL;
1720   const CeedInt8     *curl_orients_in = NULL, *curl_orients_out = NULL;
1721   CeedOperator_Cuda  *impl;
1722 
1723   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetCeed(op, &ceed));
1724   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetData(op, &impl));
1725 
1726   // Assemble QFunction
1727   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorLinearAssembleQFunctionBuildOrUpdate(op, &assembled_qf, &assembled_rstr, CEED_REQUEST_IMMEDIATE));
1728   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&assembled_rstr));
1729   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetArrayRead(assembled_qf, CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &assembled_qf_array));
1730 
1731   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetLength(values, &values_length));
1732   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetLength(assembled_qf, &assembled_qf_length));
1733   if ((values_length > INT_MAX) || (assembled_qf_length > INT_MAX)) use_ceedsize_idx = 1;
1734 
1735   // Setup
1736   if (!impl->asmb) CeedCallBackend(CeedSingleOperatorAssembleSetup_Cuda(op, use_ceedsize_idx));
1737   CeedOperatorAssemble_Cuda *asmb = impl->asmb;
1738 
1739   assert(asmb != NULL);
1740 
1741   // Assemble element operator
1742   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetArray(values, CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &values_array));
1743   values_array += offset;
1744 
1745   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetActiveElemRestrictions(op, &rstr_in, &rstr_out));
1746   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetNumElements(rstr_in, &num_elem_in));
1747   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetElementSize(rstr_in, &elem_size_in));
1748 
1749   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetType(rstr_in, &rstr_type_in));
1750   if (rstr_type_in == CEED_RESTRICTION_ORIENTED) {
1751     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetOrientations(rstr_in, CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &orients_in));
1752   } else if (rstr_type_in == CEED_RESTRICTION_CURL_ORIENTED) {
1753     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetCurlOrientations(rstr_in, CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &curl_orients_in));
1754   }
1755 
1756   if (rstr_in != rstr_out) {
1757     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetNumElements(rstr_out, &num_elem_out));
1758     CeedCheck(num_elem_in == num_elem_out, ceed, CEED_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED,
1759               "Active input and output operator restrictions must have the same number of elements");
1760     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetElementSize(rstr_out, &elem_size_out));
1761 
1762     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetType(rstr_out, &rstr_type_out));
1763     if (rstr_type_out == CEED_RESTRICTION_ORIENTED) {
1764       CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetOrientations(rstr_out, CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &orients_out));
1765     } else if (rstr_type_out == CEED_RESTRICTION_CURL_ORIENTED) {
1766       CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetCurlOrientations(rstr_out, CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &curl_orients_out));
1767     }
1768   } else {
1769     elem_size_out    = elem_size_in;
1770     orients_out      = orients_in;
1771     curl_orients_out = curl_orients_in;
1772   }
1773 
1774   // Compute B^T D B
1775   CeedInt shared_mem =
1776       ((curl_orients_in || curl_orients_out ? elem_size_in * elem_size_out : 0) + (curl_orients_in ? elem_size_in * asmb->block_size_y : 0)) *
1777       sizeof(CeedScalar);
1778   CeedInt grid   = CeedDivUpInt(num_elem_in, asmb->elems_per_block);
1779   void   *args[] = {(void *)&num_elem_in, &asmb->d_B_in,     &asmb->d_B_out,      &orients_in,  &curl_orients_in,
1780                     &orients_out,         &curl_orients_out, &assembled_qf_array, &values_array};
1781 
1782   CeedCallBackend(CeedRunKernelDimShared_Cuda(ceed, asmb->LinearAssemble, NULL, grid, asmb->block_size_x, asmb->block_size_y, asmb->elems_per_block,
1783                                               shared_mem, args));
1784 
1785   // Restore arrays
1786   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorRestoreArray(values, &values_array));
1787   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorRestoreArrayRead(assembled_qf, &assembled_qf_array));
1788 
1789   // Cleanup
1790   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&assembled_qf));
1791   if (rstr_type_in == CEED_RESTRICTION_ORIENTED) {
1792     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionRestoreOrientations(rstr_in, &orients_in));
1793   } else if (rstr_type_in == CEED_RESTRICTION_CURL_ORIENTED) {
1794     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionRestoreCurlOrientations(rstr_in, &curl_orients_in));
1795   }
1796   if (rstr_in != rstr_out) {
1797     if (rstr_type_out == CEED_RESTRICTION_ORIENTED) {
1798       CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionRestoreOrientations(rstr_out, &orients_out));
1799     } else if (rstr_type_out == CEED_RESTRICTION_CURL_ORIENTED) {
1800       CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionRestoreCurlOrientations(rstr_out, &curl_orients_out));
1801     }
1802   }
1803   CeedCallBackend(CeedDestroy(&ceed));
1804   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&rstr_in));
1805   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&rstr_out));
1806   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
1807 }
1808 
1809 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1810 // Assemble Linear QFunction AtPoints
1811 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1812 static int CeedOperatorLinearAssembleQFunctionAtPoints_Cuda(CeedOperator op, CeedVector *assembled, CeedElemRestriction *rstr, CeedRequest *request) {
1813   return CeedError(CeedOperatorReturnCeed(op), CEED_ERROR_BACKEND, "Backend does not implement CeedOperatorLinearAssembleQFunction");
1814 }
1815 
1816 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1817 // Assemble Linear Diagonal AtPoints
1818 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1819 static int CeedOperatorLinearAssembleAddDiagonalAtPoints_Cuda(CeedOperator op, CeedVector assembled, CeedRequest *request) {
1820   CeedInt             max_num_points, *num_points, num_elem, num_input_fields, num_output_fields;
1821   Ceed                ceed;
1822   CeedVector          active_e_vec_in, active_e_vec_out;
1823   CeedQFunctionField *qf_input_fields, *qf_output_fields;
1824   CeedQFunction       qf;
1825   CeedOperatorField  *op_input_fields, *op_output_fields;
1826   CeedOperator_Cuda  *impl;
1827 
1828   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetCeed(op, &ceed));
1829   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetData(op, &impl));
1830   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetQFunction(op, &qf));
1831   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetNumElements(op, &num_elem));
1832   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetFields(op, &num_input_fields, &op_input_fields, &num_output_fields, &op_output_fields));
1833   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionGetFields(qf, NULL, &qf_input_fields, NULL, &qf_output_fields));
1834 
1835   // Setup
1836   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorSetupAtPoints_Cuda(op));
1837   num_points     = impl->num_points;
1838   max_num_points = impl->max_num_points;
1839 
1840   // Work vector
1841   CeedCallBackend(CeedGetWorkVector(ceed, impl->max_active_e_vec_len, &active_e_vec_in));
1842   CeedCallBackend(CeedGetWorkVector(ceed, impl->max_active_e_vec_len, &active_e_vec_out));
1843   {
1844     CeedSize length_in, length_out;
1845 
1846     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetLength(active_e_vec_in, &length_in));
1847     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetLength(active_e_vec_out, &length_out));
1848     // Need input e_vec to be longer
1849     if (length_in < length_out) {
1850       CeedVector temp = active_e_vec_in;
1851 
1852       active_e_vec_in  = active_e_vec_out;
1853       active_e_vec_out = temp;
1854     }
1855   }
1856 
1857   // Get point coordinates
1858   if (!impl->point_coords_elem) {
1859     CeedVector          point_coords = NULL;
1860     CeedElemRestriction rstr_points  = NULL;
1861 
1862     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorAtPointsGetPoints(op, &rstr_points, &point_coords));
1863     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionCreateVector(rstr_points, NULL, &impl->point_coords_elem));
1864     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionApply(rstr_points, CEED_NOTRANSPOSE, point_coords, impl->point_coords_elem, request));
1865     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&point_coords));
1866     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&rstr_points));
1867   }
1868 
1869   // Process inputs
1870   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_input_fields; i++) {
1871     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorInputRestrict_Cuda(op_input_fields[i], qf_input_fields[i], i, NULL, NULL, true, impl, request));
1872     CeedCallBackend(
1873         CeedOperatorInputBasisAtPoints_Cuda(op_input_fields[i], qf_input_fields[i], i, NULL, NULL, num_elem, num_points, true, false, impl));
1874   }
1875 
1876   // Output pointers, as necessary
1877   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_output_fields; i++) {
1878     CeedEvalMode eval_mode;
1879 
1880     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_output_fields[i], &eval_mode));
1881     if (eval_mode == CEED_EVAL_NONE) {
1882       CeedScalar *e_vec_array;
1883 
1884       CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetArrayWrite(impl->e_vecs_out[i], CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &e_vec_array));
1885       CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorSetArray(impl->q_vecs_out[i], CEED_MEM_DEVICE, CEED_USE_POINTER, e_vec_array));
1886     }
1887   }
1888 
1889   // Loop over active fields
1890   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_input_fields; i++) {
1891     bool                is_active = false, is_active_at_points = true;
1892     CeedInt             elem_size = 1, num_comp_active = 1, e_vec_size = 0, field_in = impl->input_field_order[i];
1893     CeedRestrictionType rstr_type;
1894     CeedVector          l_vec;
1895     CeedElemRestriction elem_rstr;
1896 
1897     // -- Skip non-active input
1898     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_input_fields[field_in], &l_vec));
1899     is_active = l_vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE;
1900     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&l_vec));
1901     if (!is_active || impl->skip_rstr_in[field_in]) continue;
1902 
1903     // -- Get active restriction type
1904     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(op_input_fields[field_in], &elem_rstr));
1905     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetType(elem_rstr, &rstr_type));
1906     is_active_at_points = rstr_type == CEED_RESTRICTION_POINTS;
1907     if (!is_active_at_points) CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetElementSize(elem_rstr, &elem_size));
1908     else elem_size = max_num_points;
1909     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetNumComponents(elem_rstr, &num_comp_active));
1910     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&elem_rstr));
1911 
1912     e_vec_size = elem_size * num_comp_active;
1913     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorSetValue(active_e_vec_in, 0.0));
1914     for (CeedInt s = 0; s < e_vec_size; s++) {
1915       CeedVector q_vec = impl->q_vecs_in[field_in];
1916 
1917       // Update unit vector
1918       {
1919         // Note: E-vec strides are node * (1) + comp * (elem_size * num_elem) + elem * (elem_size)
1920         CeedInt  node = (s - 1) % elem_size, comp = (s - 1) / elem_size;
1921         CeedSize start = node * 1 + comp * (elem_size * num_elem);
1922         CeedSize stop  = (comp + 1) * (elem_size * num_elem);
1923 
1924         if (s != 0) CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorSetValueStrided(active_e_vec_in, start, stop, elem_size, 0.0));
1925 
1926         node = s % elem_size, comp = s / elem_size;
1927         start = node * 1 + comp * (elem_size * num_elem);
1928         stop  = (comp + 1) * (elem_size * num_elem);
1929         CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorSetValueStrided(active_e_vec_in, start, stop, elem_size, 1.0));
1930       }
1931 
1932       // Basis action
1933       for (CeedInt j = 0; j < num_input_fields; j++) {
1934         CeedInt field = impl->input_field_order[j];
1935 
1936         CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorInputBasisAtPoints_Cuda(op_input_fields[field], qf_input_fields[field], field, NULL, active_e_vec_in, num_elem,
1937                                                             num_points, false, true, impl));
1938       }
1939 
1940       // Q function
1941       CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionApply(qf, num_elem * max_num_points, impl->q_vecs_in, impl->q_vecs_out));
1942 
1943       // Output basis apply if needed
1944       for (CeedInt j = 0; j < num_output_fields; j++) {
1945         bool                is_active = false;
1946         CeedInt             elem_size = 0;
1947         CeedInt             field_out = impl->output_field_order[j];
1948         CeedRestrictionType rstr_type;
1949         CeedEvalMode        eval_mode;
1950         CeedVector          l_vec, e_vec = impl->e_vecs_out[field_out], q_vec = impl->q_vecs_out[field_out];
1951         CeedElemRestriction elem_rstr;
1952 
1953         // ---- Skip non-active output
1954         CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_output_fields[field_out], &l_vec));
1955         is_active = l_vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE;
1956         CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&l_vec));
1957         if (!is_active) continue;
1958         if (!e_vec) e_vec = active_e_vec_out;
1959 
1960         // ---- Check if elem size matches
1961         CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(op_output_fields[field_out], &elem_rstr));
1962         CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetType(elem_rstr, &rstr_type));
1963         if (is_active_at_points && rstr_type != CEED_RESTRICTION_POINTS) continue;
1964         if (rstr_type == CEED_RESTRICTION_POINTS) {
1965           CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetMaxPointsInElement(elem_rstr, &elem_size));
1966         } else {
1967           CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetElementSize(elem_rstr, &elem_size));
1968         }
1969         {
1970           CeedInt num_comp = 0;
1971 
1972           CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetNumComponents(elem_rstr, &num_comp));
1973           if (e_vec_size != num_comp * elem_size) continue;
1974         }
1975 
1976         // Basis action
1977         CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_output_fields[field_out], &eval_mode));
1978         switch (eval_mode) {
1979           case CEED_EVAL_NONE: {
1980             CeedScalar *e_vec_array;
1981 
1982             CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorTakeArray(q_vec, CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &e_vec_array));
1983             CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorRestoreArray(e_vec, &e_vec_array));
1984             break;
1985           }
1986           case CEED_EVAL_INTERP:
1987           case CEED_EVAL_GRAD:
1988           case CEED_EVAL_DIV:
1989           case CEED_EVAL_CURL: {
1990             CeedBasis basis;
1991 
1992             CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(op_output_fields[field_out], &basis));
1993             if (impl->apply_add_basis_out[field_out]) {
1994               CeedCallBackend(
1995                   CeedBasisApplyAddAtPoints(basis, num_elem, num_points, CEED_TRANSPOSE, eval_mode, impl->point_coords_elem, q_vec, e_vec));
1996             } else {
1997               CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisApplyAtPoints(basis, num_elem, num_points, CEED_TRANSPOSE, eval_mode, impl->point_coords_elem, q_vec, e_vec));
1998             }
1999             CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisDestroy(&basis));
2000             break;
2001           }
2002           // LCOV_EXCL_START
2003           case CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT: {
2004             return CeedError(CeedOperatorReturnCeed(op), CEED_ERROR_BACKEND, "CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT cannot be an output evaluation mode");
2005             // LCOV_EXCL_STOP
2006           }
2007         }
2008 
2009         // Mask output e-vec
2010         if (impl->skip_rstr_out[field_out]) {
2011           CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&elem_rstr));
2012           continue;
2013         }
2014         CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorPointwiseMult(e_vec, active_e_vec_in, e_vec));
2015 
2016         // Restrict
2017         CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionApply(elem_rstr, CEED_TRANSPOSE, e_vec, assembled, request));
2018         CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&elem_rstr));
2019 
2020         // Reset q_vec for
2021         if (eval_mode == CEED_EVAL_NONE) {
2022           CeedScalar *e_vec_array;
2023 
2024           CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetArrayWrite(e_vec, CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &e_vec_array));
2025           CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorSetArray(q_vec, CEED_MEM_DEVICE, CEED_USE_POINTER, e_vec_array));
2026         }
2027       }
2028 
2029       // Reset vec
2030       if (s == e_vec_size - 1 && i != num_input_fields - 1) CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorSetValue(q_vec, 0.0));
2031     }
2032   }
2033 
2034   // Restore CEED_EVAL_NONE
2035   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_output_fields; i++) {
2036     CeedEvalMode eval_mode;
2037 
2038     // Get eval_mode
2039     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_output_fields[i], &eval_mode));
2040 
2041     // Restore evec
2042     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_output_fields[i], &eval_mode));
2043     if (eval_mode == CEED_EVAL_NONE) {
2044       CeedScalar *e_vec_array;
2045 
2046       CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorTakeArray(impl->q_vecs_in[i], CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &e_vec_array));
2047       CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorRestoreArray(impl->e_vecs_in[i], &e_vec_array));
2048     }
2049   }
2050 
2051   // Restore input arrays
2052   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_input_fields; i++) {
2053     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorInputRestore_Cuda(op_input_fields[i], qf_input_fields[i], i, NULL, NULL, true, impl));
2054   }
2055 
2056   // Restore work vector
2057   CeedCallBackend(CeedRestoreWorkVector(ceed, &active_e_vec_in));
2058   CeedCallBackend(CeedRestoreWorkVector(ceed, &active_e_vec_out));
2059   CeedCallBackend(CeedDestroy(&ceed));
2060   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionDestroy(&qf));
2061   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
2062 }
2063 
2064 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2065 // Create operator
2066 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2067 int CeedOperatorCreate_Cuda(CeedOperator op) {
2068   Ceed               ceed;
2069   CeedOperator_Cuda *impl;
2070 
2071   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetCeed(op, &ceed));
2072   CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(1, &impl));
2073   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorSetData(op, impl));
2074 
2075   CeedCallBackend(CeedSetBackendFunction(ceed, "Operator", op, "LinearAssembleQFunction", CeedOperatorLinearAssembleQFunction_Cuda));
2076   CeedCallBackend(CeedSetBackendFunction(ceed, "Operator", op, "LinearAssembleQFunctionUpdate", CeedOperatorLinearAssembleQFunctionUpdate_Cuda));
2077   CeedCallBackend(CeedSetBackendFunction(ceed, "Operator", op, "LinearAssembleAddDiagonal", CeedOperatorLinearAssembleAddDiagonal_Cuda));
2078   CeedCallBackend(
2079       CeedSetBackendFunction(ceed, "Operator", op, "LinearAssembleAddPointBlockDiagonal", CeedOperatorLinearAssembleAddPointBlockDiagonal_Cuda));
2080   CeedCallBackend(CeedSetBackendFunction(ceed, "Operator", op, "LinearAssembleSingle", CeedSingleOperatorAssemble_Cuda));
2081   CeedCallBackend(CeedSetBackendFunction(ceed, "Operator", op, "ApplyAdd", CeedOperatorApplyAdd_Cuda));
2082   CeedCallBackend(CeedSetBackendFunction(ceed, "Operator", op, "Destroy", CeedOperatorDestroy_Cuda));
2083   CeedCallBackend(CeedDestroy(&ceed));
2084   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
2085 }
2086 
2087 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2088 // Create operator AtPoints
2089 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2090 int CeedOperatorCreateAtPoints_Cuda(CeedOperator op) {
2091   Ceed               ceed;
2092   CeedOperator_Cuda *impl;
2093 
2094   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetCeed(op, &ceed));
2095   CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(1, &impl));
2096   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorSetData(op, impl));
2097 
2098   CeedCallBackend(CeedSetBackendFunction(ceed, "Operator", op, "LinearAssembleQFunction", CeedOperatorLinearAssembleQFunctionAtPoints_Cuda));
2099   CeedCallBackend(CeedSetBackendFunction(ceed, "Operator", op, "LinearAssembleAddDiagonal", CeedOperatorLinearAssembleAddDiagonalAtPoints_Cuda));
2100   CeedCallBackend(CeedSetBackendFunction(ceed, "Operator", op, "ApplyAdd", CeedOperatorApplyAddAtPoints_Cuda));
2101   CeedCallBackend(CeedSetBackendFunction(ceed, "Operator", op, "Destroy", CeedOperatorDestroy_Cuda));
2102   CeedCallBackend(CeedDestroy(&ceed));
2103   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
2104 }
2105 
2106 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2107