xref: /libCEED/backends/cuda-ref/ceed-cuda-ref-operator.c (revision d0593705e733b5bdd5e4c173fe0008b11db2ed29)
1 // Copyright (c) 2017-2022, Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC and other CEED contributors.
2 // All Rights Reserved. See the top-level LICENSE and NOTICE files for details.
3 //
4 // SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
5 //
6 // This file is part of CEED:  http://github.com/ceed
7 
8 #include <ceed.h>
9 #include <ceed/backend.h>
10 #include <ceed/jit-tools.h>
11 #include <assert.h>
12 #include <cuda.h>
13 #include <cuda_runtime.h>
14 #include <stdbool.h>
15 #include <string.h>
16 
17 #include "../cuda/ceed-cuda-common.h"
18 #include "../cuda/ceed-cuda-compile.h"
19 #include "ceed-cuda-ref.h"
20 
21 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
22 // Destroy operator
23 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
24 static int CeedOperatorDestroy_Cuda(CeedOperator op) {
25   CeedOperator_Cuda *impl;
26 
27   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetData(op, &impl));
28 
29   // Apply data
30   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < impl->num_inputs + impl->num_outputs; i++) {
31     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&impl->e_vecs[i]));
32   }
33   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&impl->e_vecs));
34 
35   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < impl->num_inputs; i++) {
36     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&impl->q_vecs_in[i]));
37   }
38   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&impl->q_vecs_in));
39 
40   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < impl->num_outputs; i++) {
41     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&impl->q_vecs_out[i]));
42   }
43   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&impl->q_vecs_out));
44 
45   // QFunction assembly data
46   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < impl->num_active_in; i++) {
47     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&impl->qf_active_in[i]));
48   }
49   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&impl->qf_active_in));
50 
51   // Diag data
52   if (impl->diag) {
53     Ceed ceed;
54 
55     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetCeed(op, &ceed));
56     if (impl->diag->module) {
57       CeedCallCuda(ceed, cuModuleUnload(impl->diag->module));
58     }
59     if (impl->diag->module_point_block) {
60       CeedCallCuda(ceed, cuModuleUnload(impl->diag->module_point_block));
61     }
62     CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaFree(impl->diag->d_eval_modes_in));
63     CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaFree(impl->diag->d_eval_modes_out));
64     CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaFree(impl->diag->d_identity));
65     CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaFree(impl->diag->d_interp_in));
66     CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaFree(impl->diag->d_interp_out));
67     CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaFree(impl->diag->d_grad_in));
68     CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaFree(impl->diag->d_grad_out));
69     CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaFree(impl->diag->d_div_in));
70     CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaFree(impl->diag->d_div_out));
71     CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaFree(impl->diag->d_curl_in));
72     CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaFree(impl->diag->d_curl_out));
73     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&impl->diag->diag_rstr));
74     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&impl->diag->point_block_diag_rstr));
75     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&impl->diag->elem_diag));
76     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&impl->diag->point_block_elem_diag));
77   }
78   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&impl->diag));
79 
80   if (impl->asmb) {
81     Ceed ceed;
82 
83     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetCeed(op, &ceed));
84     CeedCallCuda(ceed, cuModuleUnload(impl->asmb->module));
85     CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaFree(impl->asmb->d_B_in));
86     CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaFree(impl->asmb->d_B_out));
87   }
88   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&impl->asmb));
89 
90   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&impl));
91   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
92 }
93 
94 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
95 // Setup infields or outfields
96 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
97 static int CeedOperatorSetupFields_Cuda(CeedQFunction qf, CeedOperator op, bool is_input, CeedVector *e_vecs, CeedVector *q_vecs, CeedInt start_e,
98                                         CeedInt num_fields, CeedInt Q, CeedInt num_elem) {
99   Ceed                ceed;
100   CeedQFunctionField *qf_fields;
101   CeedOperatorField  *op_fields;
102 
103   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetCeed(op, &ceed));
104   if (is_input) {
105     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetFields(op, NULL, &op_fields, NULL, NULL));
106     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionGetFields(qf, NULL, &qf_fields, NULL, NULL));
107   } else {
108     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetFields(op, NULL, NULL, NULL, &op_fields));
109     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionGetFields(qf, NULL, NULL, NULL, &qf_fields));
110   }
111 
112   // Loop over fields
113   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_fields; i++) {
114     bool         is_strided = false, skip_restriction = false;
115     CeedSize     q_size;
116     CeedInt      size;
117     CeedEvalMode eval_mode;
118     CeedBasis    basis;
119 
120     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_fields[i], &eval_mode));
121     if (eval_mode != CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT) {
122       CeedElemRestriction elem_rstr;
123 
124       // Check whether this field can skip the element restriction:
125       // Must be passive input, with eval_mode NONE, and have a strided restriction with CEED_STRIDES_BACKEND.
126       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(op_fields[i], &elem_rstr));
127 
128       // First, check whether the field is input or output:
129       if (is_input) {
130         CeedVector vec;
131 
132         // Check for passive input
133         CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_fields[i], &vec));
134         if (vec != CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) {
135           // Check eval_mode
136           if (eval_mode == CEED_EVAL_NONE) {
137             // Check for strided restriction
138             CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionIsStrided(elem_rstr, &is_strided));
139             if (is_strided) {
140               // Check if vector is already in preferred backend ordering
141               CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionHasBackendStrides(elem_rstr, &skip_restriction));
142             }
143           }
144         }
145       }
146       if (skip_restriction) {
147         // We do not need an E-Vector, but will use the input field vector's data directly in the operator application.
148         e_vecs[i + start_e] = NULL;
149       } else {
150         CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionCreateVector(elem_rstr, NULL, &e_vecs[i + start_e]));
151       }
152     }
153 
154     switch (eval_mode) {
155       case CEED_EVAL_NONE:
156         CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetSize(qf_fields[i], &size));
157         q_size = (CeedSize)num_elem * Q * size;
158         CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorCreate(ceed, q_size, &q_vecs[i]));
159         break;
160       case CEED_EVAL_INTERP:
161       case CEED_EVAL_GRAD:
162       case CEED_EVAL_DIV:
163       case CEED_EVAL_CURL:
164         CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetSize(qf_fields[i], &size));
165         q_size = (CeedSize)num_elem * Q * size;
166         CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorCreate(ceed, q_size, &q_vecs[i]));
167         break;
168       case CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT:  // Only on input fields
169         CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(op_fields[i], &basis));
170         q_size = (CeedSize)num_elem * Q;
171         CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorCreate(ceed, q_size, &q_vecs[i]));
172         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisApply(basis, num_elem, CEED_NOTRANSPOSE, CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT, CEED_VECTOR_NONE, q_vecs[i]));
173         break;
174     }
175   }
176   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
177 }
178 
179 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
180 // CeedOperator needs to connect all the named fields (be they active or passive) to the named inputs and outputs of its CeedQFunction.
181 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
182 static int CeedOperatorSetup_Cuda(CeedOperator op) {
183   Ceed                ceed;
184   bool                is_setup_done;
185   CeedInt             Q, num_elem, num_input_fields, num_output_fields;
186   CeedQFunctionField *qf_input_fields, *qf_output_fields;
187   CeedQFunction       qf;
188   CeedOperatorField  *op_input_fields, *op_output_fields;
189   CeedOperator_Cuda  *impl;
190 
191   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorIsSetupDone(op, &is_setup_done));
192   if (is_setup_done) return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
193 
194   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetCeed(op, &ceed));
195   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetData(op, &impl));
196   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetQFunction(op, &qf));
197   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetNumQuadraturePoints(op, &Q));
198   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetNumElements(op, &num_elem));
199   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetFields(op, &num_input_fields, &op_input_fields, &num_output_fields, &op_output_fields));
200   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionGetFields(qf, NULL, &qf_input_fields, NULL, &qf_output_fields));
201 
202   // Allocate
203   CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(num_input_fields + num_output_fields, &impl->e_vecs));
204   CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(CEED_FIELD_MAX, &impl->q_vecs_in));
205   CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(CEED_FIELD_MAX, &impl->q_vecs_out));
206   impl->num_inputs  = num_input_fields;
207   impl->num_outputs = num_output_fields;
208 
209   // Set up infield and outfield e_vecs and q_vecs
210   // Infields
211   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorSetupFields_Cuda(qf, op, true, impl->e_vecs, impl->q_vecs_in, 0, num_input_fields, Q, num_elem));
212   // Outfields
213   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorSetupFields_Cuda(qf, op, false, impl->e_vecs, impl->q_vecs_out, num_input_fields, num_output_fields, Q, num_elem));
214 
215   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorSetSetupDone(op));
216   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
217 }
218 
219 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
220 // Setup Operator Inputs
221 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
222 static inline int CeedOperatorSetupInputs_Cuda(CeedInt num_input_fields, CeedQFunctionField *qf_input_fields, CeedOperatorField *op_input_fields,
223                                                CeedVector in_vec, const bool skip_active, CeedScalar *e_data[2 * CEED_FIELD_MAX],
224                                                CeedOperator_Cuda *impl, CeedRequest *request) {
225   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_input_fields; i++) {
226     CeedEvalMode        eval_mode;
227     CeedVector          vec;
228     CeedElemRestriction elem_rstr;
229 
230     // Get input vector
231     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_input_fields[i], &vec));
232     if (vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) {
233       if (skip_active) continue;
234       else vec = in_vec;
235     }
236 
237     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_input_fields[i], &eval_mode));
238     if (eval_mode == CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT) {  // Skip
239     } else {
240       // Get input vector
241       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_input_fields[i], &vec));
242       // Get input element restriction
243       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(op_input_fields[i], &elem_rstr));
244       if (vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) vec = in_vec;
245       // Restrict, if necessary
246       if (!impl->e_vecs[i]) {
247         // No restriction for this field; read data directly from vec.
248         CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetArrayRead(vec, CEED_MEM_DEVICE, (const CeedScalar **)&e_data[i]));
249       } else {
250         CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionApply(elem_rstr, CEED_NOTRANSPOSE, vec, impl->e_vecs[i], request));
251         // Get evec
252         CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetArrayRead(impl->e_vecs[i], CEED_MEM_DEVICE, (const CeedScalar **)&e_data[i]));
253       }
254     }
255   }
256   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
257 }
258 
259 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
260 // Input Basis Action
261 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
262 static inline int CeedOperatorInputBasis_Cuda(CeedInt num_elem, CeedQFunctionField *qf_input_fields, CeedOperatorField *op_input_fields,
263                                               CeedInt num_input_fields, const bool skip_active, CeedScalar *e_data[2 * CEED_FIELD_MAX],
264                                               CeedOperator_Cuda *impl) {
265   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_input_fields; i++) {
266     CeedInt             elem_size, size;
267     CeedEvalMode        eval_mode;
268     CeedElemRestriction elem_rstr;
269     CeedBasis           basis;
270 
271     // Skip active input
272     if (skip_active) {
273       CeedVector vec;
274 
275       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_input_fields[i], &vec));
276       if (vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) continue;
277     }
278     // Get elem_size, eval_mode, size
279     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(op_input_fields[i], &elem_rstr));
280     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetElementSize(elem_rstr, &elem_size));
281     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_input_fields[i], &eval_mode));
282     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetSize(qf_input_fields[i], &size));
283     // Basis action
284     switch (eval_mode) {
285       case CEED_EVAL_NONE:
286         CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorSetArray(impl->q_vecs_in[i], CEED_MEM_DEVICE, CEED_USE_POINTER, e_data[i]));
287         break;
288       case CEED_EVAL_INTERP:
289       case CEED_EVAL_GRAD:
290       case CEED_EVAL_DIV:
291       case CEED_EVAL_CURL:
292         CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(op_input_fields[i], &basis));
293         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisApply(basis, num_elem, CEED_NOTRANSPOSE, eval_mode, impl->e_vecs[i], impl->q_vecs_in[i]));
294         break;
295       case CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT:
296         break;  // No action
297     }
298   }
299   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
300 }
301 
302 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
303 // Restore Input Vectors
304 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
305 static inline int CeedOperatorRestoreInputs_Cuda(CeedInt num_input_fields, CeedQFunctionField *qf_input_fields, CeedOperatorField *op_input_fields,
306                                                  const bool skip_active, CeedScalar *e_data[2 * CEED_FIELD_MAX], CeedOperator_Cuda *impl) {
307   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_input_fields; i++) {
308     CeedEvalMode eval_mode;
309     CeedVector   vec;
310 
311     // Skip active input
312     if (skip_active) {
313       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_input_fields[i], &vec));
314       if (vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) continue;
315     }
316     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_input_fields[i], &eval_mode));
317     if (eval_mode == CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT) {  // Skip
318     } else {
319       if (!impl->e_vecs[i]) {  // This was a skip_restriction case
320         CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_input_fields[i], &vec));
321         CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorRestoreArrayRead(vec, (const CeedScalar **)&e_data[i]));
322       } else {
323         CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorRestoreArrayRead(impl->e_vecs[i], (const CeedScalar **)&e_data[i]));
324       }
325     }
326   }
327   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
328 }
329 
330 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
331 // Apply and add to output
332 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
333 static int CeedOperatorApplyAdd_Cuda(CeedOperator op, CeedVector in_vec, CeedVector out_vec, CeedRequest *request) {
334   CeedInt             Q, num_elem, elem_size, num_input_fields, num_output_fields, size;
335   CeedScalar         *e_data[2 * CEED_FIELD_MAX] = {NULL};
336   CeedQFunctionField *qf_input_fields, *qf_output_fields;
337   CeedQFunction       qf;
338   CeedOperatorField  *op_input_fields, *op_output_fields;
339   CeedOperator_Cuda  *impl;
340 
341   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetData(op, &impl));
342   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetQFunction(op, &qf));
343   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetNumQuadraturePoints(op, &Q));
344   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetNumElements(op, &num_elem));
345   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetFields(op, &num_input_fields, &op_input_fields, &num_output_fields, &op_output_fields));
346   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionGetFields(qf, NULL, &qf_input_fields, NULL, &qf_output_fields));
347 
348   // Setup
349   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorSetup_Cuda(op));
350 
351   // Input Evecs and Restriction
352   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorSetupInputs_Cuda(num_input_fields, qf_input_fields, op_input_fields, in_vec, false, e_data, impl, request));
353 
354   // Input basis apply if needed
355   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorInputBasis_Cuda(num_elem, qf_input_fields, op_input_fields, num_input_fields, false, e_data, impl));
356 
357   // Output pointers, as necessary
358   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_output_fields; i++) {
359     CeedEvalMode eval_mode;
360 
361     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_output_fields[i], &eval_mode));
362     if (eval_mode == CEED_EVAL_NONE) {
363       // Set the output Q-Vector to use the E-Vector data directly.
364       CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetArrayWrite(impl->e_vecs[i + impl->num_inputs], CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &e_data[i + num_input_fields]));
365       CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorSetArray(impl->q_vecs_out[i], CEED_MEM_DEVICE, CEED_USE_POINTER, e_data[i + num_input_fields]));
366     }
367   }
368 
369   // Q function
370   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionApply(qf, num_elem * Q, impl->q_vecs_in, impl->q_vecs_out));
371 
372   // Output basis apply if needed
373   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_output_fields; i++) {
374     CeedEvalMode        eval_mode;
375     CeedElemRestriction elem_rstr;
376     CeedBasis           basis;
377 
378     // Get elem_size, eval_mode, size
379     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(op_output_fields[i], &elem_rstr));
380     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetElementSize(elem_rstr, &elem_size));
381     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_output_fields[i], &eval_mode));
382     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetSize(qf_output_fields[i], &size));
383     // Basis action
384     switch (eval_mode) {
385       case CEED_EVAL_NONE:
386         break;  // No action
387       case CEED_EVAL_INTERP:
388       case CEED_EVAL_GRAD:
389       case CEED_EVAL_DIV:
390       case CEED_EVAL_CURL:
391         CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(op_output_fields[i], &basis));
392         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisApply(basis, num_elem, CEED_TRANSPOSE, eval_mode, impl->q_vecs_out[i], impl->e_vecs[i + impl->num_inputs]));
393         break;
394       // LCOV_EXCL_START
395       case CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT: {
396         return CeedError(CeedOperatorReturnCeed(op), CEED_ERROR_BACKEND, "CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT cannot be an output evaluation mode");
397         // LCOV_EXCL_STOP
398       }
399     }
400   }
401 
402   // Output restriction
403   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_output_fields; i++) {
404     CeedEvalMode        eval_mode;
405     CeedVector          vec;
406     CeedElemRestriction elem_rstr;
407 
408     // Restore evec
409     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_output_fields[i], &eval_mode));
410     if (eval_mode == CEED_EVAL_NONE) {
411       CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorRestoreArray(impl->e_vecs[i + impl->num_inputs], &e_data[i + num_input_fields]));
412     }
413     // Get output vector
414     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_output_fields[i], &vec));
415     // Restrict
416     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(op_output_fields[i], &elem_rstr));
417     // Active
418     if (vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) vec = out_vec;
419 
420     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionApply(elem_rstr, CEED_TRANSPOSE, impl->e_vecs[i + impl->num_inputs], vec, request));
421   }
422 
423   // Restore input arrays
424   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorRestoreInputs_Cuda(num_input_fields, qf_input_fields, op_input_fields, false, e_data, impl));
425   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
426 }
427 
428 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
429 // Linear QFunction Assembly Core
430 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
431 static inline int CeedOperatorLinearAssembleQFunctionCore_Cuda(CeedOperator op, bool build_objects, CeedVector *assembled, CeedElemRestriction *rstr,
432                                                                CeedRequest *request) {
433   Ceed                ceed, ceed_parent;
434   CeedInt             num_active_in, num_active_out, Q, num_elem, num_input_fields, num_output_fields, size;
435   CeedScalar         *assembled_array, *e_data[2 * CEED_FIELD_MAX] = {NULL};
436   CeedVector         *active_inputs;
437   CeedQFunctionField *qf_input_fields, *qf_output_fields;
438   CeedQFunction       qf;
439   CeedOperatorField  *op_input_fields, *op_output_fields;
440   CeedOperator_Cuda  *impl;
441 
442   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetCeed(op, &ceed));
443   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetFallbackParentCeed(op, &ceed_parent));
444   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetData(op, &impl));
445   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetNumQuadraturePoints(op, &Q));
446   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetNumElements(op, &num_elem));
447   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetQFunction(op, &qf));
448   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionGetFields(qf, NULL, &qf_input_fields, NULL, &qf_output_fields));
449   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetFields(op, &num_input_fields, &op_input_fields, &num_output_fields, &op_output_fields));
450   active_inputs = impl->qf_active_in;
451   num_active_in = impl->num_active_in, num_active_out = impl->num_active_out;
452 
453   // Setup
454   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorSetup_Cuda(op));
455 
456   // Input Evecs and Restriction
457   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorSetupInputs_Cuda(num_input_fields, qf_input_fields, op_input_fields, NULL, true, e_data, impl, request));
458 
459   // Count number of active input fields
460   if (!num_active_in) {
461     for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_input_fields; i++) {
462       CeedScalar *q_vec_array;
463       CeedVector  vec;
464 
465       // Get input vector
466       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_input_fields[i], &vec));
467       // Check if active input
468       if (vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) {
469         CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetSize(qf_input_fields[i], &size));
470         CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorSetValue(impl->q_vecs_in[i], 0.0));
471         CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetArray(impl->q_vecs_in[i], CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &q_vec_array));
472         CeedCallBackend(CeedRealloc(num_active_in + size, &active_inputs));
473         for (CeedInt field = 0; field < size; field++) {
474           CeedSize q_size = (CeedSize)Q * num_elem;
475 
476           CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorCreate(ceed, q_size, &active_inputs[num_active_in + field]));
477           CeedCallBackend(
478               CeedVectorSetArray(active_inputs[num_active_in + field], CEED_MEM_DEVICE, CEED_USE_POINTER, &q_vec_array[field * Q * num_elem]));
479         }
480         num_active_in += size;
481         CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorRestoreArray(impl->q_vecs_in[i], &q_vec_array));
482       }
483     }
484     impl->num_active_in = num_active_in;
485     impl->qf_active_in  = active_inputs;
486   }
487 
488   // Count number of active output fields
489   if (!num_active_out) {
490     for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_output_fields; i++) {
491       CeedVector vec;
492 
493       // Get output vector
494       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_output_fields[i], &vec));
495       // Check if active output
496       if (vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) {
497         CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetSize(qf_output_fields[i], &size));
498         num_active_out += size;
499       }
500     }
501     impl->num_active_out = num_active_out;
502   }
503 
504   // Check sizes
505   CeedCheck(num_active_in > 0 && num_active_out > 0, ceed, CEED_ERROR_BACKEND, "Cannot assemble QFunction without active inputs and outputs");
506 
507   // Build objects if needed
508   if (build_objects) {
509     CeedSize l_size     = (CeedSize)num_elem * Q * num_active_in * num_active_out;
510     CeedInt  strides[3] = {1, num_elem * Q, Q}; /* *NOPAD* */
511 
512     // Create output restriction
513     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionCreateStrided(ceed_parent, num_elem, Q, num_active_in * num_active_out,
514                                                      num_active_in * num_active_out * num_elem * Q, strides, rstr));
515     // Create assembled vector
516     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorCreate(ceed_parent, l_size, assembled));
517   }
518   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorSetValue(*assembled, 0.0));
519   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetArray(*assembled, CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &assembled_array));
520 
521   // Input basis apply
522   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorInputBasis_Cuda(num_elem, qf_input_fields, op_input_fields, num_input_fields, true, e_data, impl));
523 
524   // Assemble QFunction
525   for (CeedInt in = 0; in < num_active_in; in++) {
526     // Set Inputs
527     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorSetValue(active_inputs[in], 1.0));
528     if (num_active_in > 1) {
529       CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorSetValue(active_inputs[(in + num_active_in - 1) % num_active_in], 0.0));
530     }
531     // Set Outputs
532     for (CeedInt out = 0; out < num_output_fields; out++) {
533       CeedVector vec;
534 
535       // Get output vector
536       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_output_fields[out], &vec));
537       // Check if active output
538       if (vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) {
539         CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorSetArray(impl->q_vecs_out[out], CEED_MEM_DEVICE, CEED_USE_POINTER, assembled_array));
540         CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetSize(qf_output_fields[out], &size));
541         assembled_array += size * Q * num_elem;  // Advance the pointer by the size of the output
542       }
543     }
544     // Apply QFunction
545     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionApply(qf, Q * num_elem, impl->q_vecs_in, impl->q_vecs_out));
546   }
547 
548   // Un-set output q_vecs to prevent accidental overwrite of Assembled
549   for (CeedInt out = 0; out < num_output_fields; out++) {
550     CeedVector vec;
551 
552     // Get output vector
553     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_output_fields[out], &vec));
554     // Check if active output
555     if (vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) {
556       CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorTakeArray(impl->q_vecs_out[out], CEED_MEM_DEVICE, NULL));
557     }
558   }
559 
560   // Restore input arrays
561   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorRestoreInputs_Cuda(num_input_fields, qf_input_fields, op_input_fields, true, e_data, impl));
562 
563   // Restore output
564   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorRestoreArray(*assembled, &assembled_array));
565   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
566 }
567 
568 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
569 // Assemble Linear QFunction
570 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
571 static int CeedOperatorLinearAssembleQFunction_Cuda(CeedOperator op, CeedVector *assembled, CeedElemRestriction *rstr, CeedRequest *request) {
572   return CeedOperatorLinearAssembleQFunctionCore_Cuda(op, true, assembled, rstr, request);
573 }
574 
575 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
576 // Update Assembled Linear QFunction
577 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
578 static int CeedOperatorLinearAssembleQFunctionUpdate_Cuda(CeedOperator op, CeedVector assembled, CeedElemRestriction rstr, CeedRequest *request) {
579   return CeedOperatorLinearAssembleQFunctionCore_Cuda(op, false, &assembled, &rstr, request);
580 }
581 
582 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
583 // Assemble Diagonal Setup
584 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
585 static inline int CeedOperatorAssembleDiagonalSetup_Cuda(CeedOperator op) {
586   Ceed                ceed;
587   CeedInt             num_input_fields, num_output_fields, num_eval_modes_in = 0, num_eval_modes_out = 0;
588   CeedInt             q_comp, num_nodes, num_qpts;
589   CeedEvalMode       *eval_modes_in = NULL, *eval_modes_out = NULL;
590   CeedBasis           basis_in = NULL, basis_out = NULL;
591   CeedQFunctionField *qf_fields;
592   CeedQFunction       qf;
593   CeedOperatorField  *op_fields;
594   CeedOperator_Cuda  *impl;
595 
596   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetCeed(op, &ceed));
597   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetQFunction(op, &qf));
598   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionGetNumArgs(qf, &num_input_fields, &num_output_fields));
599 
600   // Determine active input basis
601   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetFields(op, NULL, &op_fields, NULL, NULL));
602   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionGetFields(qf, NULL, &qf_fields, NULL, NULL));
603   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_input_fields; i++) {
604     CeedVector vec;
605 
606     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_fields[i], &vec));
607     if (vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) {
608       CeedBasis    basis;
609       CeedEvalMode eval_mode;
610 
611       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(op_fields[i], &basis));
612       CeedCheck(!basis_in || basis_in == basis, ceed, CEED_ERROR_BACKEND,
613                 "Backend does not implement operator diagonal assembly with multiple active bases");
614       basis_in = basis;
615       CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_fields[i], &eval_mode));
616       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadratureComponents(basis_in, eval_mode, &q_comp));
617       if (eval_mode != CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT) {
618         // q_comp = 1 if CEED_EVAL_NONE, CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT caught by QF assembly
619         CeedCallBackend(CeedRealloc(num_eval_modes_in + q_comp, &eval_modes_in));
620         for (CeedInt d = 0; d < q_comp; d++) eval_modes_in[num_eval_modes_in + d] = eval_mode;
621         num_eval_modes_in += q_comp;
622       }
623     }
624   }
625 
626   // Determine active output basis
627   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetFields(op, NULL, NULL, NULL, &op_fields));
628   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionGetFields(qf, NULL, NULL, NULL, &qf_fields));
629   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_output_fields; i++) {
630     CeedVector vec;
631 
632     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_fields[i], &vec));
633     if (vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) {
634       CeedBasis    basis;
635       CeedEvalMode eval_mode;
636 
637       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(op_fields[i], &basis));
638       CeedCheck(!basis_out || basis_out == basis, ceed, CEED_ERROR_BACKEND,
639                 "Backend does not implement operator diagonal assembly with multiple active bases");
640       basis_out = basis;
641       CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_fields[i], &eval_mode));
642       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadratureComponents(basis_out, eval_mode, &q_comp));
643       if (eval_mode != CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT) {
644         // q_comp = 1 if CEED_EVAL_NONE, CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT caught by QF assembly
645         CeedCallBackend(CeedRealloc(num_eval_modes_out + q_comp, &eval_modes_out));
646         for (CeedInt d = 0; d < q_comp; d++) eval_modes_out[num_eval_modes_out + d] = eval_mode;
647         num_eval_modes_out += q_comp;
648       }
649     }
650   }
651 
652   // Operator data struct
653   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetData(op, &impl));
654   CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(1, &impl->diag));
655   CeedOperatorDiag_Cuda *diag = impl->diag;
656 
657   // Basis matrices
658   CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumNodes(basis_in, &num_nodes));
659   if (basis_in == CEED_BASIS_NONE) num_qpts = num_nodes;
660   else CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadraturePoints(basis_in, &num_qpts));
661   const CeedInt interp_bytes     = num_nodes * num_qpts * sizeof(CeedScalar);
662   const CeedInt eval_modes_bytes = sizeof(CeedEvalMode);
663   bool          has_eval_none    = false;
664 
665   // CEED_EVAL_NONE
666   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_eval_modes_in; i++) has_eval_none = has_eval_none || (eval_modes_in[i] == CEED_EVAL_NONE);
667   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_eval_modes_out; i++) has_eval_none = has_eval_none || (eval_modes_out[i] == CEED_EVAL_NONE);
668   if (has_eval_none) {
669     CeedScalar *identity = NULL;
670 
671     CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(num_nodes * num_qpts, &identity));
672     for (CeedInt i = 0; i < (num_nodes < num_qpts ? num_nodes : num_qpts); i++) identity[i * num_nodes + i] = 1.0;
673     CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaMalloc((void **)&diag->d_identity, interp_bytes));
674     CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaMemcpy(diag->d_identity, identity, interp_bytes, cudaMemcpyHostToDevice));
675     CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&identity));
676   }
677 
678   // CEED_EVAL_INTERP, CEED_EVAL_GRAD, CEED_EVAL_DIV, and CEED_EVAL_CURL
679   for (CeedInt in = 0; in < 2; in++) {
680     CeedFESpace fespace;
681     CeedBasis   basis = in ? basis_in : basis_out;
682 
683     CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetFESpace(basis, &fespace));
684     switch (fespace) {
685       case CEED_FE_SPACE_H1: {
686         CeedInt           q_comp_interp, q_comp_grad;
687         const CeedScalar *interp, *grad;
688         CeedScalar       *d_interp, *d_grad;
689 
690         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadratureComponents(basis, CEED_EVAL_INTERP, &q_comp_interp));
691         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadratureComponents(basis, CEED_EVAL_GRAD, &q_comp_grad));
692 
693         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetInterp(basis, &interp));
694         CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaMalloc((void **)&d_interp, interp_bytes * q_comp_interp));
695         CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaMemcpy(d_interp, interp, interp_bytes * q_comp_interp, cudaMemcpyHostToDevice));
696         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetGrad(basis, &grad));
697         CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaMalloc((void **)&d_grad, interp_bytes * q_comp_grad));
698         CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaMemcpy(d_grad, grad, interp_bytes * q_comp_grad, cudaMemcpyHostToDevice));
699         if (in) {
700           diag->d_interp_in = d_interp;
701           diag->d_grad_in   = d_grad;
702         } else {
703           diag->d_interp_out = d_interp;
704           diag->d_grad_out   = d_grad;
705         }
706       } break;
707       case CEED_FE_SPACE_HDIV: {
708         CeedInt           q_comp_interp, q_comp_div;
709         const CeedScalar *interp, *div;
710         CeedScalar       *d_interp, *d_div;
711 
712         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadratureComponents(basis, CEED_EVAL_INTERP, &q_comp_interp));
713         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadratureComponents(basis, CEED_EVAL_DIV, &q_comp_div));
714 
715         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetInterp(basis, &interp));
716         CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaMalloc((void **)&d_interp, interp_bytes * q_comp_interp));
717         CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaMemcpy(d_interp, interp, interp_bytes * q_comp_interp, cudaMemcpyHostToDevice));
718         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetDiv(basis, &div));
719         CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaMalloc((void **)&d_div, interp_bytes * q_comp_div));
720         CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaMemcpy(d_div, div, interp_bytes * q_comp_div, cudaMemcpyHostToDevice));
721         if (in) {
722           diag->d_interp_in = d_interp;
723           diag->d_div_in    = d_div;
724         } else {
725           diag->d_interp_out = d_interp;
726           diag->d_div_out    = d_div;
727         }
728       } break;
729       case CEED_FE_SPACE_HCURL: {
730         CeedInt           q_comp_interp, q_comp_curl;
731         const CeedScalar *interp, *curl;
732         CeedScalar       *d_interp, *d_curl;
733 
734         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadratureComponents(basis, CEED_EVAL_INTERP, &q_comp_interp));
735         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadratureComponents(basis, CEED_EVAL_CURL, &q_comp_curl));
736 
737         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetInterp(basis, &interp));
738         CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaMalloc((void **)&d_interp, interp_bytes * q_comp_interp));
739         CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaMemcpy(d_interp, interp, interp_bytes * q_comp_interp, cudaMemcpyHostToDevice));
740         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetCurl(basis, &curl));
741         CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaMalloc((void **)&d_curl, interp_bytes * q_comp_curl));
742         CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaMemcpy(d_curl, curl, interp_bytes * q_comp_curl, cudaMemcpyHostToDevice));
743         if (in) {
744           diag->d_interp_in = d_interp;
745           diag->d_curl_in   = d_curl;
746         } else {
747           diag->d_interp_out = d_interp;
748           diag->d_curl_out   = d_curl;
749         }
750       } break;
751     }
752   }
753 
754   // Arrays of eval_modes
755   CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaMalloc((void **)&diag->d_eval_modes_in, num_eval_modes_in * eval_modes_bytes));
756   CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaMemcpy(diag->d_eval_modes_in, eval_modes_in, num_eval_modes_in * eval_modes_bytes, cudaMemcpyHostToDevice));
757   CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaMalloc((void **)&diag->d_eval_modes_out, num_eval_modes_out * eval_modes_bytes));
758   CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaMemcpy(diag->d_eval_modes_out, eval_modes_out, num_eval_modes_out * eval_modes_bytes, cudaMemcpyHostToDevice));
759   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&eval_modes_in));
760   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&eval_modes_out));
761   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
762 }
763 
764 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
765 // Assemble Diagonal Setup (Compilation)
766 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
767 static inline int CeedOperatorAssembleDiagonalSetupCompile_Cuda(CeedOperator op, CeedInt use_ceedsize_idx, const bool is_point_block) {
768   Ceed                ceed;
769   char               *diagonal_kernel_source;
770   const char         *diagonal_kernel_path;
771   CeedInt             num_input_fields, num_output_fields, num_eval_modes_in = 0, num_eval_modes_out = 0;
772   CeedInt             num_comp, q_comp, num_nodes, num_qpts;
773   CeedBasis           basis_in = NULL, basis_out = NULL;
774   CeedQFunctionField *qf_fields;
775   CeedQFunction       qf;
776   CeedOperatorField  *op_fields;
777   CeedOperator_Cuda  *impl;
778 
779   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetCeed(op, &ceed));
780   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetQFunction(op, &qf));
781   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionGetNumArgs(qf, &num_input_fields, &num_output_fields));
782 
783   // Determine active input basis
784   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetFields(op, NULL, &op_fields, NULL, NULL));
785   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionGetFields(qf, NULL, &qf_fields, NULL, NULL));
786   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_input_fields; i++) {
787     CeedVector vec;
788 
789     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_fields[i], &vec));
790     if (vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) {
791       CeedEvalMode eval_mode;
792 
793       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(op_fields[i], &basis_in));
794       CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_fields[i], &eval_mode));
795       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadratureComponents(basis_in, eval_mode, &q_comp));
796       if (eval_mode != CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT) {
797         num_eval_modes_in += q_comp;
798       }
799     }
800   }
801 
802   // Determine active output basis
803   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetFields(op, NULL, NULL, NULL, &op_fields));
804   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionGetFields(qf, NULL, NULL, NULL, &qf_fields));
805   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_output_fields; i++) {
806     CeedVector vec;
807 
808     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_fields[i], &vec));
809     if (vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) {
810       CeedEvalMode eval_mode;
811 
812       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(op_fields[i], &basis_out));
813       CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_fields[i], &eval_mode));
814       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadratureComponents(basis_out, eval_mode, &q_comp));
815       if (eval_mode != CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT) {
816         num_eval_modes_out += q_comp;
817       }
818     }
819   }
820 
821   // Operator data struct
822   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetData(op, &impl));
823   CeedOperatorDiag_Cuda *diag = impl->diag;
824 
825   // Assemble kernel
826   CUmodule *module          = is_point_block ? &diag->module_point_block : &diag->module;
827   CeedInt   elems_per_block = 1;
828   CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumNodes(basis_in, &num_nodes));
829   CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumComponents(basis_in, &num_comp));
830   if (basis_in == CEED_BASIS_NONE) num_qpts = num_nodes;
831   else CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadraturePoints(basis_in, &num_qpts));
832   CeedCallBackend(CeedGetJitAbsolutePath(ceed, "ceed/jit-source/cuda/cuda-ref-operator-assemble-diagonal.h", &diagonal_kernel_path));
833   CeedDebug256(ceed, CEED_DEBUG_COLOR_SUCCESS, "----- Loading Diagonal Assembly Kernel Source -----\n");
834   CeedCallBackend(CeedLoadSourceToBuffer(ceed, diagonal_kernel_path, &diagonal_kernel_source));
835   CeedDebug256(ceed, CEED_DEBUG_COLOR_SUCCESS, "----- Loading Diagonal Assembly Source Complete! -----\n");
836   CeedCallCuda(ceed, CeedCompile_Cuda(ceed, diagonal_kernel_source, module, 8, "NUM_EVAL_MODES_IN", num_eval_modes_in, "NUM_EVAL_MODES_OUT",
837                                       num_eval_modes_out, "NUM_COMP", num_comp, "NUM_NODES", num_nodes, "NUM_QPTS", num_qpts, "USE_CEEDSIZE",
838                                       use_ceedsize_idx, "USE_POINT_BLOCK", is_point_block ? 1 : 0, "BLOCK_SIZE", num_nodes * elems_per_block));
839   CeedCallCuda(ceed, CeedGetKernel_Cuda(ceed, *module, "LinearDiagonal", is_point_block ? &diag->LinearPointBlock : &diag->LinearDiagonal));
840   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&diagonal_kernel_path));
841   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&diagonal_kernel_source));
842   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
843 }
844 
845 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
846 // Assemble Diagonal Core
847 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
848 static inline int CeedOperatorAssembleDiagonalCore_Cuda(CeedOperator op, CeedVector assembled, CeedRequest *request, const bool is_point_block) {
849   Ceed                ceed;
850   CeedInt             num_elem, num_nodes;
851   CeedScalar         *elem_diag_array;
852   const CeedScalar   *assembled_qf_array;
853   CeedVector          assembled_qf   = NULL, elem_diag;
854   CeedElemRestriction assembled_rstr = NULL, rstr_in, rstr_out, diag_rstr;
855   CeedOperator_Cuda  *impl;
856 
857   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetCeed(op, &ceed));
858   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetData(op, &impl));
859 
860   // Assemble QFunction
861   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorLinearAssembleQFunctionBuildOrUpdate(op, &assembled_qf, &assembled_rstr, request));
862   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&assembled_rstr));
863   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetArrayRead(assembled_qf, CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &assembled_qf_array));
864 
865   // Setup
866   if (!impl->diag) CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorAssembleDiagonalSetup_Cuda(op));
867   CeedOperatorDiag_Cuda *diag = impl->diag;
868 
869   assert(diag != NULL);
870 
871   // Assemble kernel if needed
872   if ((!is_point_block && !diag->LinearDiagonal) || (is_point_block && !diag->LinearPointBlock)) {
873     CeedSize assembled_length, assembled_qf_length;
874     CeedInt  use_ceedsize_idx = 0;
875     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetLength(assembled, &assembled_length));
876     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetLength(assembled_qf, &assembled_qf_length));
877     if ((assembled_length > INT_MAX) || (assembled_qf_length > INT_MAX)) use_ceedsize_idx = 1;
878 
879     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorAssembleDiagonalSetupCompile_Cuda(op, use_ceedsize_idx, is_point_block));
880   }
881 
882   // Restriction and diagonal vector
883   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetActiveElemRestrictions(op, &rstr_in, &rstr_out));
884   CeedCheck(rstr_in == rstr_out, ceed, CEED_ERROR_BACKEND,
885             "Cannot assemble operator diagonal with different input and output active element restrictions");
886   if (!is_point_block && !diag->diag_rstr) {
887     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionCreateUnsignedCopy(rstr_out, &diag->diag_rstr));
888     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionCreateVector(diag->diag_rstr, NULL, &diag->elem_diag));
889   } else if (is_point_block && !diag->point_block_diag_rstr) {
890     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorCreateActivePointBlockRestriction(rstr_out, &diag->point_block_diag_rstr));
891     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionCreateVector(diag->point_block_diag_rstr, NULL, &diag->point_block_elem_diag));
892   }
893   diag_rstr = is_point_block ? diag->point_block_diag_rstr : diag->diag_rstr;
894   elem_diag = is_point_block ? diag->point_block_elem_diag : diag->elem_diag;
895   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorSetValue(elem_diag, 0.0));
896 
897   // Only assemble diagonal if the basis has nodes, otherwise inputs are null pointers
898   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetElementSize(diag_rstr, &num_nodes));
899   if (num_nodes > 0) {
900     // Assemble element operator diagonals
901     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetNumElements(diag_rstr, &num_elem));
902     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetArray(elem_diag, CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &elem_diag_array));
903 
904     // Compute the diagonal of B^T D B
905     CeedInt elems_per_block = 1;
906     CeedInt grid            = CeedDivUpInt(num_elem, elems_per_block);
907     void   *args[]          = {(void *)&num_elem,      &diag->d_identity,       &diag->d_interp_in,  &diag->d_grad_in, &diag->d_div_in,
908                                &diag->d_curl_in,       &diag->d_interp_out,     &diag->d_grad_out,   &diag->d_div_out, &diag->d_curl_out,
909                                &diag->d_eval_modes_in, &diag->d_eval_modes_out, &assembled_qf_array, &elem_diag_array};
910 
911     if (is_point_block) {
912       CeedCallBackend(CeedRunKernelDim_Cuda(ceed, diag->LinearPointBlock, grid, num_nodes, 1, elems_per_block, args));
913     } else {
914       CeedCallBackend(CeedRunKernelDim_Cuda(ceed, diag->LinearDiagonal, grid, num_nodes, 1, elems_per_block, args));
915     }
916 
917     // Restore arrays
918     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorRestoreArray(elem_diag, &elem_diag_array));
919     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorRestoreArrayRead(assembled_qf, &assembled_qf_array));
920   }
921 
922   // Assemble local operator diagonal
923   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionApply(diag_rstr, CEED_TRANSPOSE, elem_diag, assembled, request));
924 
925   // Cleanup
926   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&assembled_qf));
927   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
928 }
929 
930 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
931 // Assemble Linear Diagonal
932 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
933 static int CeedOperatorLinearAssembleAddDiagonal_Cuda(CeedOperator op, CeedVector assembled, CeedRequest *request) {
934   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorAssembleDiagonalCore_Cuda(op, assembled, request, false));
935   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
936 }
937 
938 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
939 // Assemble Linear Point Block Diagonal
940 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
941 static int CeedOperatorLinearAssembleAddPointBlockDiagonal_Cuda(CeedOperator op, CeedVector assembled, CeedRequest *request) {
942   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorAssembleDiagonalCore_Cuda(op, assembled, request, true));
943   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
944 }
945 
946 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
947 // Single Operator Assembly Setup
948 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
949 static int CeedSingleOperatorAssembleSetup_Cuda(CeedOperator op, CeedInt use_ceedsize_idx) {
950   Ceed                ceed;
951   Ceed_Cuda          *cuda_data;
952   char               *assembly_kernel_source;
953   const char         *assembly_kernel_path;
954   CeedInt             num_input_fields, num_output_fields, num_eval_modes_in = 0, num_eval_modes_out = 0;
955   CeedInt             elem_size_in, num_qpts_in = 0, num_comp_in, elem_size_out, num_qpts_out, num_comp_out, q_comp;
956   CeedEvalMode       *eval_modes_in = NULL, *eval_modes_out = NULL;
957   CeedElemRestriction rstr_in = NULL, rstr_out = NULL;
958   CeedBasis           basis_in = NULL, basis_out = NULL;
959   CeedQFunctionField *qf_fields;
960   CeedQFunction       qf;
961   CeedOperatorField  *input_fields, *output_fields;
962   CeedOperator_Cuda  *impl;
963 
964   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetCeed(op, &ceed));
965   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetData(op, &impl));
966 
967   // Get intput and output fields
968   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetFields(op, &num_input_fields, &input_fields, &num_output_fields, &output_fields));
969 
970   // Determine active input basis eval mode
971   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetQFunction(op, &qf));
972   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionGetFields(qf, NULL, &qf_fields, NULL, NULL));
973   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_input_fields; i++) {
974     CeedVector vec;
975 
976     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(input_fields[i], &vec));
977     if (vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) {
978       CeedBasis    basis;
979       CeedEvalMode eval_mode;
980 
981       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(input_fields[i], &basis));
982       CeedCheck(!basis_in || basis_in == basis, ceed, CEED_ERROR_BACKEND, "Backend does not implement operator assembly with multiple active bases");
983       basis_in = basis;
984       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(input_fields[i], &rstr_in));
985       CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetElementSize(rstr_in, &elem_size_in));
986       if (basis_in == CEED_BASIS_NONE) num_qpts_in = elem_size_in;
987       else CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadraturePoints(basis_in, &num_qpts_in));
988       CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_fields[i], &eval_mode));
989       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadratureComponents(basis_in, eval_mode, &q_comp));
990       if (eval_mode != CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT) {
991         // q_comp = 1 if CEED_EVAL_NONE, CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT caught by QF Assembly
992         CeedCallBackend(CeedRealloc(num_eval_modes_in + q_comp, &eval_modes_in));
993         for (CeedInt d = 0; d < q_comp; d++) {
994           eval_modes_in[num_eval_modes_in + d] = eval_mode;
995         }
996         num_eval_modes_in += q_comp;
997       }
998     }
999   }
1000 
1001   // Determine active output basis; basis_out and rstr_out only used if same as input, TODO
1002   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionGetFields(qf, NULL, NULL, NULL, &qf_fields));
1003   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_output_fields; i++) {
1004     CeedVector vec;
1005 
1006     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(output_fields[i], &vec));
1007     if (vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) {
1008       CeedBasis    basis;
1009       CeedEvalMode eval_mode;
1010 
1011       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(output_fields[i], &basis));
1012       CeedCheck(!basis_out || basis_out == basis, ceed, CEED_ERROR_BACKEND,
1013                 "Backend does not implement operator assembly with multiple active bases");
1014       basis_out = basis;
1015       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(output_fields[i], &rstr_out));
1016       CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetElementSize(rstr_out, &elem_size_out));
1017       if (basis_out == CEED_BASIS_NONE) num_qpts_out = elem_size_out;
1018       else CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadraturePoints(basis_out, &num_qpts_out));
1019       CeedCheck(num_qpts_in == num_qpts_out, ceed, CEED_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED,
1020                 "Active input and output bases must have the same number of quadrature points");
1021       CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_fields[i], &eval_mode));
1022       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadratureComponents(basis_out, eval_mode, &q_comp));
1023       if (eval_mode != CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT) {
1024         // q_comp = 1 if CEED_EVAL_NONE, CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT caught by QF Assembly
1025         CeedCallBackend(CeedRealloc(num_eval_modes_out + q_comp, &eval_modes_out));
1026         for (CeedInt d = 0; d < q_comp; d++) {
1027           eval_modes_out[num_eval_modes_out + d] = eval_mode;
1028         }
1029         num_eval_modes_out += q_comp;
1030       }
1031     }
1032   }
1033   CeedCheck(num_eval_modes_in > 0 && num_eval_modes_out > 0, ceed, CEED_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED, "Cannot assemble operator without inputs/outputs");
1034 
1035   CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(1, &impl->asmb));
1036   CeedOperatorAssemble_Cuda *asmb = impl->asmb;
1037   asmb->elems_per_block           = 1;
1038   asmb->block_size_x              = elem_size_in;
1039   asmb->block_size_y              = elem_size_out;
1040 
1041   CeedCallBackend(CeedGetData(ceed, &cuda_data));
1042   bool fallback = asmb->block_size_x * asmb->block_size_y * asmb->elems_per_block > cuda_data->device_prop.maxThreadsPerBlock;
1043 
1044   if (fallback) {
1045     // Use fallback kernel with 1D threadblock
1046     asmb->block_size_y = 1;
1047   }
1048 
1049   // Compile kernels
1050   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetNumComponents(rstr_in, &num_comp_in));
1051   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetNumComponents(rstr_out, &num_comp_out));
1052   CeedCallBackend(CeedGetJitAbsolutePath(ceed, "ceed/jit-source/cuda/cuda-ref-operator-assemble.h", &assembly_kernel_path));
1053   CeedDebug256(ceed, CEED_DEBUG_COLOR_SUCCESS, "----- Loading Assembly Kernel Source -----\n");
1054   CeedCallBackend(CeedLoadSourceToBuffer(ceed, assembly_kernel_path, &assembly_kernel_source));
1055   CeedDebug256(ceed, CEED_DEBUG_COLOR_SUCCESS, "----- Loading Assembly Source Complete! -----\n");
1056   CeedCallBackend(CeedCompile_Cuda(ceed, assembly_kernel_source, &asmb->module, 10, "NUM_EVAL_MODES_IN", num_eval_modes_in, "NUM_EVAL_MODES_OUT",
1057                                    num_eval_modes_out, "NUM_COMP_IN", num_comp_in, "NUM_COMP_OUT", num_comp_out, "NUM_NODES_IN", elem_size_in,
1058                                    "NUM_NODES_OUT", elem_size_out, "NUM_QPTS", num_qpts_in, "BLOCK_SIZE",
1059                                    asmb->block_size_x * asmb->block_size_y * asmb->elems_per_block, "BLOCK_SIZE_Y", asmb->block_size_y,
1060                                    "USE_CEEDSIZE", use_ceedsize_idx));
1061   CeedCallBackend(CeedGetKernel_Cuda(ceed, asmb->module, "LinearAssemble", &asmb->LinearAssemble));
1062   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&assembly_kernel_path));
1063   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&assembly_kernel_source));
1064 
1065   // Load into B_in, in order that they will be used in eval_modes_in
1066   {
1067     const CeedInt in_bytes           = elem_size_in * num_qpts_in * num_eval_modes_in * sizeof(CeedScalar);
1068     CeedInt       d_in               = 0;
1069     CeedEvalMode  eval_modes_in_prev = CEED_EVAL_NONE;
1070     bool          has_eval_none      = false;
1071     CeedScalar   *identity           = NULL;
1072 
1073     for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_eval_modes_in; i++) {
1074       has_eval_none = has_eval_none || (eval_modes_in[i] == CEED_EVAL_NONE);
1075     }
1076     if (has_eval_none) {
1077       CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(elem_size_in * num_qpts_in, &identity));
1078       for (CeedInt i = 0; i < (elem_size_in < num_qpts_in ? elem_size_in : num_qpts_in); i++) identity[i * elem_size_in + i] = 1.0;
1079     }
1080 
1081     CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaMalloc((void **)&asmb->d_B_in, in_bytes));
1082     for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_eval_modes_in; i++) {
1083       const CeedScalar *h_B_in;
1084 
1085       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetBasisPointer(basis_in, eval_modes_in[i], identity, &h_B_in));
1086       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadratureComponents(basis_in, eval_modes_in[i], &q_comp));
1087       if (q_comp > 1) {
1088         if (i == 0 || eval_modes_in[i] != eval_modes_in_prev) d_in = 0;
1089         else h_B_in = &h_B_in[(++d_in) * elem_size_in * num_qpts_in];
1090       }
1091       eval_modes_in_prev = eval_modes_in[i];
1092 
1093       CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaMemcpy(&asmb->d_B_in[i * elem_size_in * num_qpts_in], h_B_in, elem_size_in * num_qpts_in * sizeof(CeedScalar),
1094                                     cudaMemcpyHostToDevice));
1095     }
1096 
1097     if (identity) {
1098       CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&identity));
1099     }
1100   }
1101 
1102   // Load into B_out, in order that they will be used in eval_modes_out
1103   {
1104     const CeedInt out_bytes           = elem_size_out * num_qpts_out * num_eval_modes_out * sizeof(CeedScalar);
1105     CeedInt       d_out               = 0;
1106     CeedEvalMode  eval_modes_out_prev = CEED_EVAL_NONE;
1107     bool          has_eval_none       = false;
1108     CeedScalar   *identity            = NULL;
1109 
1110     for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_eval_modes_out; i++) {
1111       has_eval_none = has_eval_none || (eval_modes_out[i] == CEED_EVAL_NONE);
1112     }
1113     if (has_eval_none) {
1114       CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(elem_size_out * num_qpts_out, &identity));
1115       for (CeedInt i = 0; i < (elem_size_out < num_qpts_out ? elem_size_out : num_qpts_out); i++) identity[i * elem_size_out + i] = 1.0;
1116     }
1117 
1118     CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaMalloc((void **)&asmb->d_B_out, out_bytes));
1119     for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_eval_modes_out; i++) {
1120       const CeedScalar *h_B_out;
1121 
1122       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetBasisPointer(basis_out, eval_modes_out[i], identity, &h_B_out));
1123       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadratureComponents(basis_out, eval_modes_out[i], &q_comp));
1124       if (q_comp > 1) {
1125         if (i == 0 || eval_modes_out[i] != eval_modes_out_prev) d_out = 0;
1126         else h_B_out = &h_B_out[(++d_out) * elem_size_out * num_qpts_out];
1127       }
1128       eval_modes_out_prev = eval_modes_out[i];
1129 
1130       CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaMemcpy(&asmb->d_B_out[i * elem_size_out * num_qpts_out], h_B_out, elem_size_out * num_qpts_out * sizeof(CeedScalar),
1131                                     cudaMemcpyHostToDevice));
1132     }
1133 
1134     if (identity) {
1135       CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&identity));
1136     }
1137   }
1138   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
1139 }
1140 
1141 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1142 // Assemble matrix data for COO matrix of assembled operator.
1143 // The sparsity pattern is set by CeedOperatorLinearAssembleSymbolic.
1144 //
1145 // Note that this (and other assembly routines) currently assume only one active input restriction/basis per operator (could have multiple basis eval
1146 // modes).
1147 // TODO: allow multiple active input restrictions/basis objects
1148 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1149 static int CeedSingleOperatorAssemble_Cuda(CeedOperator op, CeedInt offset, CeedVector values) {
1150   Ceed                ceed;
1151   CeedSize            values_length = 0, assembled_qf_length = 0;
1152   CeedInt             use_ceedsize_idx = 0, num_elem_in, num_elem_out, elem_size_in, elem_size_out;
1153   CeedScalar         *values_array;
1154   const CeedScalar   *assembled_qf_array;
1155   CeedVector          assembled_qf   = NULL;
1156   CeedElemRestriction assembled_rstr = NULL, rstr_in, rstr_out;
1157   CeedRestrictionType rstr_type_in, rstr_type_out;
1158   const bool         *orients_in = NULL, *orients_out = NULL;
1159   const CeedInt8     *curl_orients_in = NULL, *curl_orients_out = NULL;
1160   CeedOperator_Cuda  *impl;
1161 
1162   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetCeed(op, &ceed));
1163   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetData(op, &impl));
1164 
1165   // Assemble QFunction
1166   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorLinearAssembleQFunctionBuildOrUpdate(op, &assembled_qf, &assembled_rstr, CEED_REQUEST_IMMEDIATE));
1167   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&assembled_rstr));
1168   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetArrayRead(assembled_qf, CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &assembled_qf_array));
1169 
1170   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetLength(values, &values_length));
1171   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetLength(assembled_qf, &assembled_qf_length));
1172   if ((values_length > INT_MAX) || (assembled_qf_length > INT_MAX)) use_ceedsize_idx = 1;
1173 
1174   // Setup
1175   if (!impl->asmb) CeedCallBackend(CeedSingleOperatorAssembleSetup_Cuda(op, use_ceedsize_idx));
1176   CeedOperatorAssemble_Cuda *asmb = impl->asmb;
1177 
1178   assert(asmb != NULL);
1179 
1180   // Assemble element operator
1181   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetArray(values, CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &values_array));
1182   values_array += offset;
1183 
1184   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetActiveElemRestrictions(op, &rstr_in, &rstr_out));
1185   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetNumElements(rstr_in, &num_elem_in));
1186   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetElementSize(rstr_in, &elem_size_in));
1187 
1188   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetType(rstr_in, &rstr_type_in));
1189   if (rstr_type_in == CEED_RESTRICTION_ORIENTED) {
1190     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetOrientations(rstr_in, CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &orients_in));
1191   } else if (rstr_type_in == CEED_RESTRICTION_CURL_ORIENTED) {
1192     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetCurlOrientations(rstr_in, CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &curl_orients_in));
1193   }
1194 
1195   if (rstr_in != rstr_out) {
1196     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetNumElements(rstr_out, &num_elem_out));
1197     CeedCheck(num_elem_in == num_elem_out, ceed, CEED_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED,
1198               "Active input and output operator restrictions must have the same number of elements");
1199     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetElementSize(rstr_out, &elem_size_out));
1200 
1201     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetType(rstr_out, &rstr_type_out));
1202     if (rstr_type_out == CEED_RESTRICTION_ORIENTED) {
1203       CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetOrientations(rstr_out, CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &orients_out));
1204     } else if (rstr_type_out == CEED_RESTRICTION_CURL_ORIENTED) {
1205       CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetCurlOrientations(rstr_out, CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &curl_orients_out));
1206     }
1207   } else {
1208     elem_size_out    = elem_size_in;
1209     orients_out      = orients_in;
1210     curl_orients_out = curl_orients_in;
1211   }
1212 
1213   // Compute B^T D B
1214   CeedInt shared_mem =
1215       ((curl_orients_in || curl_orients_out ? elem_size_in * elem_size_out : 0) + (curl_orients_in ? elem_size_in * asmb->block_size_y : 0)) *
1216       sizeof(CeedScalar);
1217   CeedInt grid   = CeedDivUpInt(num_elem_in, asmb->elems_per_block);
1218   void   *args[] = {(void *)&num_elem_in, &asmb->d_B_in,     &asmb->d_B_out,      &orients_in,  &curl_orients_in,
1219                     &orients_out,         &curl_orients_out, &assembled_qf_array, &values_array};
1220 
1221   CeedCallBackend(
1222       CeedRunKernelDimShared_Cuda(ceed, asmb->LinearAssemble, grid, asmb->block_size_x, asmb->block_size_y, asmb->elems_per_block, shared_mem, args));
1223 
1224   // Restore arrays
1225   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorRestoreArray(values, &values_array));
1226   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorRestoreArrayRead(assembled_qf, &assembled_qf_array));
1227 
1228   // Cleanup
1229   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&assembled_qf));
1230   if (rstr_type_in == CEED_RESTRICTION_ORIENTED) {
1231     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionRestoreOrientations(rstr_in, &orients_in));
1232   } else if (rstr_type_in == CEED_RESTRICTION_CURL_ORIENTED) {
1233     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionRestoreCurlOrientations(rstr_in, &curl_orients_in));
1234   }
1235   if (rstr_in != rstr_out) {
1236     if (rstr_type_out == CEED_RESTRICTION_ORIENTED) {
1237       CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionRestoreOrientations(rstr_out, &orients_out));
1238     } else if (rstr_type_out == CEED_RESTRICTION_CURL_ORIENTED) {
1239       CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionRestoreCurlOrientations(rstr_out, &curl_orients_out));
1240     }
1241   }
1242   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
1243 }
1244 
1245 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1246 // Create operator
1247 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1248 int CeedOperatorCreate_Cuda(CeedOperator op) {
1249   Ceed               ceed;
1250   CeedOperator_Cuda *impl;
1251 
1252   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetCeed(op, &ceed));
1253   CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(1, &impl));
1254   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorSetData(op, impl));
1255 
1256   CeedCallBackend(CeedSetBackendFunction(ceed, "Operator", op, "LinearAssembleQFunction", CeedOperatorLinearAssembleQFunction_Cuda));
1257   CeedCallBackend(CeedSetBackendFunction(ceed, "Operator", op, "LinearAssembleQFunctionUpdate", CeedOperatorLinearAssembleQFunctionUpdate_Cuda));
1258   CeedCallBackend(CeedSetBackendFunction(ceed, "Operator", op, "LinearAssembleAddDiagonal", CeedOperatorLinearAssembleAddDiagonal_Cuda));
1259   CeedCallBackend(
1260       CeedSetBackendFunction(ceed, "Operator", op, "LinearAssembleAddPointBlockDiagonal", CeedOperatorLinearAssembleAddPointBlockDiagonal_Cuda));
1261   CeedCallBackend(CeedSetBackendFunction(ceed, "Operator", op, "LinearAssembleSingle", CeedSingleOperatorAssemble_Cuda));
1262   CeedCallBackend(CeedSetBackendFunction(ceed, "Operator", op, "ApplyAdd", CeedOperatorApplyAdd_Cuda));
1263   CeedCallBackend(CeedSetBackendFunction(ceed, "Operator", op, "Destroy", CeedOperatorDestroy_Cuda));
1264   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
1265 }
1266 
1267 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1268