xref: /libCEED/backends/cuda-ref/ceed-cuda-ref-operator.c (revision e735508cdfa08f2ead7f8e6e8f825d0fa851c858)
1 // Copyright (c) 2017-2022, Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC and other CEED contributors.
2 // All Rights Reserved. See the top-level LICENSE and NOTICE files for details.
3 //
4 // SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
5 //
6 // This file is part of CEED:  http://github.com/ceed
7 
8 #include <ceed.h>
9 #include <ceed/backend.h>
10 #include <ceed/jit-tools.h>
11 #include <assert.h>
12 #include <cuda.h>
13 #include <cuda_runtime.h>
14 #include <stdbool.h>
15 #include <string.h>
16 
17 #include "../cuda/ceed-cuda-common.h"
18 #include "../cuda/ceed-cuda-compile.h"
19 #include "ceed-cuda-ref.h"
20 
21 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
22 // Destroy operator
23 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
24 static int CeedOperatorDestroy_Cuda(CeedOperator op) {
25   CeedOperator_Cuda *impl;
26 
27   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetData(op, &impl));
28 
29   // Apply data
30   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < impl->num_inputs + impl->num_outputs; i++) {
31     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&impl->e_vecs[i]));
32   }
33   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&impl->e_vecs));
34 
35   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < impl->num_inputs; i++) {
36     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&impl->q_vecs_in[i]));
37   }
38   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&impl->q_vecs_in));
39 
40   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < impl->num_outputs; i++) {
41     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&impl->q_vecs_out[i]));
42   }
43   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&impl->q_vecs_out));
44 
45   // QFunction assembly data
46   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < impl->num_active_in; i++) {
47     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&impl->qf_active_in[i]));
48   }
49   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&impl->qf_active_in));
50 
51   // Diag data
52   if (impl->diag) {
53     Ceed ceed;
54 
55     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetCeed(op, &ceed));
56     if (impl->diag->module) {
57       CeedCallCuda(ceed, cuModuleUnload(impl->diag->module));
58     }
59     if (impl->diag->module_point_block) {
60       CeedCallCuda(ceed, cuModuleUnload(impl->diag->module_point_block));
61     }
62     CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaFree(impl->diag->d_eval_modes_in));
63     CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaFree(impl->diag->d_eval_modes_out));
64     CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaFree(impl->diag->d_identity));
65     CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaFree(impl->diag->d_interp_in));
66     CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaFree(impl->diag->d_interp_out));
67     CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaFree(impl->diag->d_grad_in));
68     CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaFree(impl->diag->d_grad_out));
69     CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaFree(impl->diag->d_div_in));
70     CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaFree(impl->diag->d_div_out));
71     CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaFree(impl->diag->d_curl_in));
72     CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaFree(impl->diag->d_curl_out));
73     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&impl->diag->diag_rstr));
74     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&impl->diag->point_block_diag_rstr));
75     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&impl->diag->elem_diag));
76     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&impl->diag->point_block_elem_diag));
77   }
78   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&impl->diag));
79 
80   if (impl->asmb) {
81     Ceed ceed;
82 
83     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetCeed(op, &ceed));
84     CeedCallCuda(ceed, cuModuleUnload(impl->asmb->module));
85     CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaFree(impl->asmb->d_B_in));
86     CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaFree(impl->asmb->d_B_out));
87   }
88   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&impl->asmb));
89 
90   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&impl));
91   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
92 }
93 
94 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
95 // Setup infields or outfields
96 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
97 static int CeedOperatorSetupFields_Cuda(CeedQFunction qf, CeedOperator op, bool is_input, CeedVector *e_vecs, CeedVector *q_vecs, CeedInt start_e,
98                                         CeedInt num_fields, CeedInt Q, CeedInt num_elem) {
99   Ceed                ceed;
100   CeedQFunctionField *qf_fields;
101   CeedOperatorField  *op_fields;
102 
103   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetCeed(op, &ceed));
104   if (is_input) {
105     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetFields(op, NULL, &op_fields, NULL, NULL));
106     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionGetFields(qf, NULL, &qf_fields, NULL, NULL));
107   } else {
108     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetFields(op, NULL, NULL, NULL, &op_fields));
109     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionGetFields(qf, NULL, NULL, NULL, &qf_fields));
110   }
111 
112   // Loop over fields
113   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_fields; i++) {
114     bool         is_strided = false, skip_restriction = false;
115     CeedSize     q_size;
116     CeedInt      size;
117     CeedEvalMode eval_mode;
118     CeedBasis    basis;
119 
120     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_fields[i], &eval_mode));
121     if (eval_mode != CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT) {
122       CeedElemRestriction elem_rstr;
123 
124       // Check whether this field can skip the element restriction:
125       // Must be passive input, with eval_mode NONE, and have a strided restriction with CEED_STRIDES_BACKEND.
126       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(op_fields[i], &elem_rstr));
127 
128       // First, check whether the field is input or output:
129       if (is_input) {
130         CeedVector vec;
131 
132         // Check for passive input
133         CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_fields[i], &vec));
134         if (vec != CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) {
135           // Check eval_mode
136           if (eval_mode == CEED_EVAL_NONE) {
137             // Check for strided restriction
138             CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionIsStrided(elem_rstr, &is_strided));
139             if (is_strided) {
140               // Check if vector is already in preferred backend ordering
141               CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionHasBackendStrides(elem_rstr, &skip_restriction));
142             }
143           }
144         }
145       }
146       if (skip_restriction) {
147         // We do not need an E-Vector, but will use the input field vector's data directly in the operator application.
148         e_vecs[i + start_e] = NULL;
149       } else {
150         CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionCreateVector(elem_rstr, NULL, &e_vecs[i + start_e]));
151       }
152     }
153 
154     switch (eval_mode) {
155       case CEED_EVAL_NONE:
156         CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetSize(qf_fields[i], &size));
157         q_size = (CeedSize)num_elem * Q * size;
158         CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorCreate(ceed, q_size, &q_vecs[i]));
159         break;
160       case CEED_EVAL_INTERP:
161       case CEED_EVAL_GRAD:
162       case CEED_EVAL_DIV:
163       case CEED_EVAL_CURL:
164         CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetSize(qf_fields[i], &size));
165         q_size = (CeedSize)num_elem * Q * size;
166         CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorCreate(ceed, q_size, &q_vecs[i]));
167         break;
168       case CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT:  // Only on input fields
169         CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(op_fields[i], &basis));
170         q_size = (CeedSize)num_elem * Q;
171         CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorCreate(ceed, q_size, &q_vecs[i]));
172         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisApply(basis, num_elem, CEED_NOTRANSPOSE, CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT, CEED_VECTOR_NONE, q_vecs[i]));
173         break;
174     }
175   }
176   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
177 }
178 
179 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
180 // CeedOperator needs to connect all the named fields (be they active or passive) to the named inputs and outputs of its CeedQFunction.
181 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
182 static int CeedOperatorSetup_Cuda(CeedOperator op) {
183   Ceed                ceed;
184   bool                is_setup_done;
185   CeedInt             Q, num_elem, num_input_fields, num_output_fields;
186   CeedQFunctionField *qf_input_fields, *qf_output_fields;
187   CeedQFunction       qf;
188   CeedOperatorField  *op_input_fields, *op_output_fields;
189   CeedOperator_Cuda  *impl;
190 
191   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorIsSetupDone(op, &is_setup_done));
192   if (is_setup_done) return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
193 
194   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetCeed(op, &ceed));
195   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetData(op, &impl));
196   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetQFunction(op, &qf));
197   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetNumQuadraturePoints(op, &Q));
198   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetNumElements(op, &num_elem));
199   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetFields(op, &num_input_fields, &op_input_fields, &num_output_fields, &op_output_fields));
200   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionGetFields(qf, NULL, &qf_input_fields, NULL, &qf_output_fields));
201 
202   // Allocate
203   CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(num_input_fields + num_output_fields, &impl->e_vecs));
204   CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(CEED_FIELD_MAX, &impl->q_vecs_in));
205   CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(CEED_FIELD_MAX, &impl->q_vecs_out));
206   impl->num_inputs  = num_input_fields;
207   impl->num_outputs = num_output_fields;
208 
209   // Set up infield and outfield e_vecs and q_vecs
210   // Infields
211   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorSetupFields_Cuda(qf, op, true, impl->e_vecs, impl->q_vecs_in, 0, num_input_fields, Q, num_elem));
212   // Outfields
213   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorSetupFields_Cuda(qf, op, false, impl->e_vecs, impl->q_vecs_out, num_input_fields, num_output_fields, Q, num_elem));
214 
215   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorSetSetupDone(op));
216   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
217 }
218 
219 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
220 // Setup Operator Inputs
221 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
222 static inline int CeedOperatorSetupInputs_Cuda(CeedInt num_input_fields, CeedQFunctionField *qf_input_fields, CeedOperatorField *op_input_fields,
223                                                CeedVector in_vec, const bool skip_active, CeedScalar *e_data[2 * CEED_FIELD_MAX],
224                                                CeedOperator_Cuda *impl, CeedRequest *request) {
225   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_input_fields; i++) {
226     CeedEvalMode        eval_mode;
227     CeedVector          vec;
228     CeedElemRestriction elem_rstr;
229 
230     // Get input vector
231     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_input_fields[i], &vec));
232     if (vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) {
233       if (skip_active) continue;
234       else vec = in_vec;
235     }
236 
237     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_input_fields[i], &eval_mode));
238     if (eval_mode == CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT) {  // Skip
239     } else {
240       // Get input vector
241       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_input_fields[i], &vec));
242       // Get input element restriction
243       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(op_input_fields[i], &elem_rstr));
244       if (vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) vec = in_vec;
245       // Restrict, if necessary
246       if (!impl->e_vecs[i]) {
247         // No restriction for this field; read data directly from vec.
248         CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetArrayRead(vec, CEED_MEM_DEVICE, (const CeedScalar **)&e_data[i]));
249       } else {
250         CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionApply(elem_rstr, CEED_NOTRANSPOSE, vec, impl->e_vecs[i], request));
251         // Get evec
252         CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetArrayRead(impl->e_vecs[i], CEED_MEM_DEVICE, (const CeedScalar **)&e_data[i]));
253       }
254     }
255   }
256   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
257 }
258 
259 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
260 // Input Basis Action
261 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
262 static inline int CeedOperatorInputBasis_Cuda(CeedInt num_elem, CeedQFunctionField *qf_input_fields, CeedOperatorField *op_input_fields,
263                                               CeedInt num_input_fields, const bool skip_active, CeedScalar *e_data[2 * CEED_FIELD_MAX],
264                                               CeedOperator_Cuda *impl) {
265   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_input_fields; i++) {
266     CeedInt             elem_size, size;
267     CeedEvalMode        eval_mode;
268     CeedElemRestriction elem_rstr;
269     CeedBasis           basis;
270 
271     // Skip active input
272     if (skip_active) {
273       CeedVector vec;
274 
275       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_input_fields[i], &vec));
276       if (vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) continue;
277     }
278     // Get elem_size, eval_mode, size
279     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(op_input_fields[i], &elem_rstr));
280     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetElementSize(elem_rstr, &elem_size));
281     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_input_fields[i], &eval_mode));
282     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetSize(qf_input_fields[i], &size));
283     // Basis action
284     switch (eval_mode) {
285       case CEED_EVAL_NONE:
286         CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorSetArray(impl->q_vecs_in[i], CEED_MEM_DEVICE, CEED_USE_POINTER, e_data[i]));
287         break;
288       case CEED_EVAL_INTERP:
289       case CEED_EVAL_GRAD:
290       case CEED_EVAL_DIV:
291       case CEED_EVAL_CURL:
292         CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(op_input_fields[i], &basis));
293         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisApply(basis, num_elem, CEED_NOTRANSPOSE, eval_mode, impl->e_vecs[i], impl->q_vecs_in[i]));
294         break;
295       case CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT:
296         break;  // No action
297     }
298   }
299   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
300 }
301 
302 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
303 // Restore Input Vectors
304 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
305 static inline int CeedOperatorRestoreInputs_Cuda(CeedInt num_input_fields, CeedQFunctionField *qf_input_fields, CeedOperatorField *op_input_fields,
306                                                  const bool skip_active, CeedScalar *e_data[2 * CEED_FIELD_MAX], CeedOperator_Cuda *impl) {
307   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_input_fields; i++) {
308     CeedEvalMode eval_mode;
309     CeedVector   vec;
310 
311     // Skip active input
312     if (skip_active) {
313       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_input_fields[i], &vec));
314       if (vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) continue;
315     }
316     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_input_fields[i], &eval_mode));
317     if (eval_mode == CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT) {  // Skip
318     } else {
319       if (!impl->e_vecs[i]) {  // This was a skip_restriction case
320         CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_input_fields[i], &vec));
321         CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorRestoreArrayRead(vec, (const CeedScalar **)&e_data[i]));
322       } else {
323         CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorRestoreArrayRead(impl->e_vecs[i], (const CeedScalar **)&e_data[i]));
324       }
325     }
326   }
327   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
328 }
329 
330 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
331 // Apply and add to output
332 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
333 static int CeedOperatorApplyAdd_Cuda(CeedOperator op, CeedVector in_vec, CeedVector out_vec, CeedRequest *request) {
334   CeedInt             Q, num_elem, elem_size, num_input_fields, num_output_fields, size;
335   CeedScalar         *e_data[2 * CEED_FIELD_MAX] = {NULL};
336   CeedQFunctionField *qf_input_fields, *qf_output_fields;
337   CeedQFunction       qf;
338   CeedOperatorField  *op_input_fields, *op_output_fields;
339   CeedOperator_Cuda  *impl;
340 
341   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetData(op, &impl));
342   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetQFunction(op, &qf));
343   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetNumQuadraturePoints(op, &Q));
344   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetNumElements(op, &num_elem));
345   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetFields(op, &num_input_fields, &op_input_fields, &num_output_fields, &op_output_fields));
346   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionGetFields(qf, NULL, &qf_input_fields, NULL, &qf_output_fields));
347 
348   // Setup
349   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorSetup_Cuda(op));
350 
351   // Input Evecs and Restriction
352   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorSetupInputs_Cuda(num_input_fields, qf_input_fields, op_input_fields, in_vec, false, e_data, impl, request));
353 
354   // Input basis apply if needed
355   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorInputBasis_Cuda(num_elem, qf_input_fields, op_input_fields, num_input_fields, false, e_data, impl));
356 
357   // Output pointers, as necessary
358   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_output_fields; i++) {
359     CeedEvalMode eval_mode;
360 
361     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_output_fields[i], &eval_mode));
362     if (eval_mode == CEED_EVAL_NONE) {
363       // Set the output Q-Vector to use the E-Vector data directly.
364       CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetArrayWrite(impl->e_vecs[i + impl->num_inputs], CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &e_data[i + num_input_fields]));
365       CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorSetArray(impl->q_vecs_out[i], CEED_MEM_DEVICE, CEED_USE_POINTER, e_data[i + num_input_fields]));
366     }
367   }
368 
369   // Q function
370   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionApply(qf, num_elem * Q, impl->q_vecs_in, impl->q_vecs_out));
371 
372   // Output basis apply if needed
373   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_output_fields; i++) {
374     CeedEvalMode        eval_mode;
375     CeedElemRestriction elem_rstr;
376     CeedBasis           basis;
377 
378     // Get elem_size, eval_mode, size
379     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(op_output_fields[i], &elem_rstr));
380     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetElementSize(elem_rstr, &elem_size));
381     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_output_fields[i], &eval_mode));
382     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetSize(qf_output_fields[i], &size));
383     // Basis action
384     switch (eval_mode) {
385       case CEED_EVAL_NONE:
386         break;  // No action
387       case CEED_EVAL_INTERP:
388       case CEED_EVAL_GRAD:
389       case CEED_EVAL_DIV:
390       case CEED_EVAL_CURL:
391         CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(op_output_fields[i], &basis));
392         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisApply(basis, num_elem, CEED_TRANSPOSE, eval_mode, impl->q_vecs_out[i], impl->e_vecs[i + impl->num_inputs]));
393         break;
394       // LCOV_EXCL_START
395       case CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT: {
396         Ceed ceed;
397 
398         CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetCeed(op, &ceed));
399         return CeedError(ceed, CEED_ERROR_BACKEND, "CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT cannot be an output evaluation mode");
400         // LCOV_EXCL_STOP
401       }
402     }
403   }
404 
405   // Output restriction
406   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_output_fields; i++) {
407     CeedEvalMode        eval_mode;
408     CeedVector          vec;
409     CeedElemRestriction elem_rstr;
410 
411     // Restore evec
412     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_output_fields[i], &eval_mode));
413     if (eval_mode == CEED_EVAL_NONE) {
414       CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorRestoreArray(impl->e_vecs[i + impl->num_inputs], &e_data[i + num_input_fields]));
415     }
416     // Get output vector
417     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_output_fields[i], &vec));
418     // Restrict
419     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(op_output_fields[i], &elem_rstr));
420     // Active
421     if (vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) vec = out_vec;
422 
423     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionApply(elem_rstr, CEED_TRANSPOSE, impl->e_vecs[i + impl->num_inputs], vec, request));
424   }
425 
426   // Restore input arrays
427   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorRestoreInputs_Cuda(num_input_fields, qf_input_fields, op_input_fields, false, e_data, impl));
428   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
429 }
430 
431 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
432 // Linear QFunction Assembly Core
433 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
434 static inline int CeedOperatorLinearAssembleQFunctionCore_Cuda(CeedOperator op, bool build_objects, CeedVector *assembled, CeedElemRestriction *rstr,
435                                                                CeedRequest *request) {
436   Ceed                ceed, ceed_parent;
437   CeedInt             num_active_in, num_active_out, Q, num_elem, num_input_fields, num_output_fields, size;
438   CeedScalar         *assembled_array, *e_data[2 * CEED_FIELD_MAX] = {NULL};
439   CeedVector         *active_inputs;
440   CeedQFunctionField *qf_input_fields, *qf_output_fields;
441   CeedQFunction       qf;
442   CeedOperatorField  *op_input_fields, *op_output_fields;
443   CeedOperator_Cuda  *impl;
444 
445   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetCeed(op, &ceed));
446   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetFallbackParentCeed(op, &ceed_parent));
447   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetData(op, &impl));
448   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetNumQuadraturePoints(op, &Q));
449   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetNumElements(op, &num_elem));
450   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetQFunction(op, &qf));
451   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionGetFields(qf, NULL, &qf_input_fields, NULL, &qf_output_fields));
452   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetFields(op, &num_input_fields, &op_input_fields, &num_output_fields, &op_output_fields));
453   active_inputs = impl->qf_active_in;
454   num_active_in = impl->num_active_in, num_active_out = impl->num_active_out;
455 
456   // Setup
457   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorSetup_Cuda(op));
458 
459   // Input Evecs and Restriction
460   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorSetupInputs_Cuda(num_input_fields, qf_input_fields, op_input_fields, NULL, true, e_data, impl, request));
461 
462   // Count number of active input fields
463   if (!num_active_in) {
464     for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_input_fields; i++) {
465       CeedScalar *q_vec_array;
466       CeedVector  vec;
467 
468       // Get input vector
469       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_input_fields[i], &vec));
470       // Check if active input
471       if (vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) {
472         CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetSize(qf_input_fields[i], &size));
473         CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorSetValue(impl->q_vecs_in[i], 0.0));
474         CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetArray(impl->q_vecs_in[i], CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &q_vec_array));
475         CeedCallBackend(CeedRealloc(num_active_in + size, &active_inputs));
476         for (CeedInt field = 0; field < size; field++) {
477           CeedSize q_size = (CeedSize)Q * num_elem;
478 
479           CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorCreate(ceed, q_size, &active_inputs[num_active_in + field]));
480           CeedCallBackend(
481               CeedVectorSetArray(active_inputs[num_active_in + field], CEED_MEM_DEVICE, CEED_USE_POINTER, &q_vec_array[field * Q * num_elem]));
482         }
483         num_active_in += size;
484         CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorRestoreArray(impl->q_vecs_in[i], &q_vec_array));
485       }
486     }
487     impl->num_active_in = num_active_in;
488     impl->qf_active_in  = active_inputs;
489   }
490 
491   // Count number of active output fields
492   if (!num_active_out) {
493     for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_output_fields; i++) {
494       CeedVector vec;
495 
496       // Get output vector
497       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_output_fields[i], &vec));
498       // Check if active output
499       if (vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) {
500         CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetSize(qf_output_fields[i], &size));
501         num_active_out += size;
502       }
503     }
504     impl->num_active_out = num_active_out;
505   }
506 
507   // Check sizes
508   CeedCheck(num_active_in > 0 && num_active_out > 0, ceed, CEED_ERROR_BACKEND, "Cannot assemble QFunction without active inputs and outputs");
509 
510   // Build objects if needed
511   if (build_objects) {
512     CeedSize l_size     = (CeedSize)num_elem * Q * num_active_in * num_active_out;
513     CeedInt  strides[3] = {1, num_elem * Q, Q}; /* *NOPAD* */
514 
515     // Create output restriction
516     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionCreateStrided(ceed_parent, num_elem, Q, num_active_in * num_active_out,
517                                                      num_active_in * num_active_out * num_elem * Q, strides, rstr));
518     // Create assembled vector
519     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorCreate(ceed_parent, l_size, assembled));
520   }
521   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorSetValue(*assembled, 0.0));
522   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetArray(*assembled, CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &assembled_array));
523 
524   // Input basis apply
525   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorInputBasis_Cuda(num_elem, qf_input_fields, op_input_fields, num_input_fields, true, e_data, impl));
526 
527   // Assemble QFunction
528   for (CeedInt in = 0; in < num_active_in; in++) {
529     // Set Inputs
530     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorSetValue(active_inputs[in], 1.0));
531     if (num_active_in > 1) {
532       CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorSetValue(active_inputs[(in + num_active_in - 1) % num_active_in], 0.0));
533     }
534     // Set Outputs
535     for (CeedInt out = 0; out < num_output_fields; out++) {
536       CeedVector vec;
537 
538       // Get output vector
539       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_output_fields[out], &vec));
540       // Check if active output
541       if (vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) {
542         CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorSetArray(impl->q_vecs_out[out], CEED_MEM_DEVICE, CEED_USE_POINTER, assembled_array));
543         CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetSize(qf_output_fields[out], &size));
544         assembled_array += size * Q * num_elem;  // Advance the pointer by the size of the output
545       }
546     }
547     // Apply QFunction
548     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionApply(qf, Q * num_elem, impl->q_vecs_in, impl->q_vecs_out));
549   }
550 
551   // Un-set output q_vecs to prevent accidental overwrite of Assembled
552   for (CeedInt out = 0; out < num_output_fields; out++) {
553     CeedVector vec;
554 
555     // Get output vector
556     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_output_fields[out], &vec));
557     // Check if active output
558     if (vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) {
559       CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorTakeArray(impl->q_vecs_out[out], CEED_MEM_DEVICE, NULL));
560     }
561   }
562 
563   // Restore input arrays
564   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorRestoreInputs_Cuda(num_input_fields, qf_input_fields, op_input_fields, true, e_data, impl));
565 
566   // Restore output
567   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorRestoreArray(*assembled, &assembled_array));
568   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
569 }
570 
571 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
572 // Assemble Linear QFunction
573 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
574 static int CeedOperatorLinearAssembleQFunction_Cuda(CeedOperator op, CeedVector *assembled, CeedElemRestriction *rstr, CeedRequest *request) {
575   return CeedOperatorLinearAssembleQFunctionCore_Cuda(op, true, assembled, rstr, request);
576 }
577 
578 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
579 // Update Assembled Linear QFunction
580 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
581 static int CeedOperatorLinearAssembleQFunctionUpdate_Cuda(CeedOperator op, CeedVector assembled, CeedElemRestriction rstr, CeedRequest *request) {
582   return CeedOperatorLinearAssembleQFunctionCore_Cuda(op, false, &assembled, &rstr, request);
583 }
584 
585 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
586 // Assemble Diagonal Setup
587 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
588 static inline int CeedOperatorAssembleDiagonalSetup_Cuda(CeedOperator op) {
589   Ceed                ceed;
590   CeedInt             num_input_fields, num_output_fields, num_eval_modes_in = 0, num_eval_modes_out = 0;
591   CeedInt             q_comp, num_nodes, num_qpts;
592   CeedEvalMode       *eval_modes_in = NULL, *eval_modes_out = NULL;
593   CeedBasis           basis_in = NULL, basis_out = NULL;
594   CeedQFunctionField *qf_fields;
595   CeedQFunction       qf;
596   CeedOperatorField  *op_fields;
597   CeedOperator_Cuda  *impl;
598 
599   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetCeed(op, &ceed));
600   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetQFunction(op, &qf));
601   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionGetNumArgs(qf, &num_input_fields, &num_output_fields));
602 
603   // Determine active input basis
604   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetFields(op, NULL, &op_fields, NULL, NULL));
605   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionGetFields(qf, NULL, &qf_fields, NULL, NULL));
606   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_input_fields; i++) {
607     CeedVector vec;
608 
609     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_fields[i], &vec));
610     if (vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) {
611       CeedBasis    basis;
612       CeedEvalMode eval_mode;
613 
614       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(op_fields[i], &basis));
615       CeedCheck(!basis_in || basis_in == basis, ceed, CEED_ERROR_BACKEND,
616                 "Backend does not implement operator diagonal assembly with multiple active bases");
617       basis_in = basis;
618       CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_fields[i], &eval_mode));
619       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadratureComponents(basis_in, eval_mode, &q_comp));
620       if (eval_mode != CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT) {
621         // q_comp = 1 if CEED_EVAL_NONE, CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT caught by QF assembly
622         CeedCallBackend(CeedRealloc(num_eval_modes_in + q_comp, &eval_modes_in));
623         for (CeedInt d = 0; d < q_comp; d++) eval_modes_in[num_eval_modes_in + d] = eval_mode;
624         num_eval_modes_in += q_comp;
625       }
626     }
627   }
628 
629   // Determine active output basis
630   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetFields(op, NULL, NULL, NULL, &op_fields));
631   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionGetFields(qf, NULL, NULL, NULL, &qf_fields));
632   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_output_fields; i++) {
633     CeedVector vec;
634 
635     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_fields[i], &vec));
636     if (vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) {
637       CeedBasis    basis;
638       CeedEvalMode eval_mode;
639 
640       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(op_fields[i], &basis));
641       CeedCheck(!basis_out || basis_out == basis, ceed, CEED_ERROR_BACKEND,
642                 "Backend does not implement operator diagonal assembly with multiple active bases");
643       basis_out = basis;
644       CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_fields[i], &eval_mode));
645       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadratureComponents(basis_out, eval_mode, &q_comp));
646       if (eval_mode != CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT) {
647         // q_comp = 1 if CEED_EVAL_NONE, CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT caught by QF assembly
648         CeedCallBackend(CeedRealloc(num_eval_modes_out + q_comp, &eval_modes_out));
649         for (CeedInt d = 0; d < q_comp; d++) eval_modes_out[num_eval_modes_out + d] = eval_mode;
650         num_eval_modes_out += q_comp;
651       }
652     }
653   }
654 
655   // Operator data struct
656   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetData(op, &impl));
657   CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(1, &impl->diag));
658   CeedOperatorDiag_Cuda *diag = impl->diag;
659 
660   // Basis matrices
661   CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumNodes(basis_in, &num_nodes));
662   if (basis_in == CEED_BASIS_NONE) num_qpts = num_nodes;
663   else CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadraturePoints(basis_in, &num_qpts));
664   const CeedInt interp_bytes     = num_nodes * num_qpts * sizeof(CeedScalar);
665   const CeedInt eval_modes_bytes = sizeof(CeedEvalMode);
666   bool          has_eval_none    = false;
667 
668   // CEED_EVAL_NONE
669   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_eval_modes_in; i++) has_eval_none = has_eval_none || (eval_modes_in[i] == CEED_EVAL_NONE);
670   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_eval_modes_out; i++) has_eval_none = has_eval_none || (eval_modes_out[i] == CEED_EVAL_NONE);
671   if (has_eval_none) {
672     CeedScalar *identity = NULL;
673 
674     CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(num_nodes * num_qpts, &identity));
675     for (CeedInt i = 0; i < (num_nodes < num_qpts ? num_nodes : num_qpts); i++) identity[i * num_nodes + i] = 1.0;
676     CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaMalloc((void **)&diag->d_identity, interp_bytes));
677     CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaMemcpy(diag->d_identity, identity, interp_bytes, cudaMemcpyHostToDevice));
678     CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&identity));
679   }
680 
681   // CEED_EVAL_INTERP, CEED_EVAL_GRAD, CEED_EVAL_DIV, and CEED_EVAL_CURL
682   for (CeedInt in = 0; in < 2; in++) {
683     CeedFESpace fespace;
684     CeedBasis   basis = in ? basis_in : basis_out;
685 
686     CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetFESpace(basis, &fespace));
687     switch (fespace) {
688       case CEED_FE_SPACE_H1: {
689         CeedInt           q_comp_interp, q_comp_grad;
690         const CeedScalar *interp, *grad;
691         CeedScalar       *d_interp, *d_grad;
692 
693         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadratureComponents(basis, CEED_EVAL_INTERP, &q_comp_interp));
694         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadratureComponents(basis, CEED_EVAL_GRAD, &q_comp_grad));
695 
696         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetInterp(basis, &interp));
697         CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaMalloc((void **)&d_interp, interp_bytes * q_comp_interp));
698         CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaMemcpy(d_interp, interp, interp_bytes * q_comp_interp, cudaMemcpyHostToDevice));
699         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetGrad(basis, &grad));
700         CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaMalloc((void **)&d_grad, interp_bytes * q_comp_grad));
701         CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaMemcpy(d_grad, grad, interp_bytes * q_comp_grad, cudaMemcpyHostToDevice));
702         if (in) {
703           diag->d_interp_in = d_interp;
704           diag->d_grad_in   = d_grad;
705         } else {
706           diag->d_interp_out = d_interp;
707           diag->d_grad_out   = d_grad;
708         }
709       } break;
710       case CEED_FE_SPACE_HDIV: {
711         CeedInt           q_comp_interp, q_comp_div;
712         const CeedScalar *interp, *div;
713         CeedScalar       *d_interp, *d_div;
714 
715         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadratureComponents(basis, CEED_EVAL_INTERP, &q_comp_interp));
716         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadratureComponents(basis, CEED_EVAL_DIV, &q_comp_div));
717 
718         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetInterp(basis, &interp));
719         CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaMalloc((void **)&d_interp, interp_bytes * q_comp_interp));
720         CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaMemcpy(d_interp, interp, interp_bytes * q_comp_interp, cudaMemcpyHostToDevice));
721         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetDiv(basis, &div));
722         CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaMalloc((void **)&d_div, interp_bytes * q_comp_div));
723         CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaMemcpy(d_div, div, interp_bytes * q_comp_div, cudaMemcpyHostToDevice));
724         if (in) {
725           diag->d_interp_in = d_interp;
726           diag->d_div_in    = d_div;
727         } else {
728           diag->d_interp_out = d_interp;
729           diag->d_div_out    = d_div;
730         }
731       } break;
732       case CEED_FE_SPACE_HCURL: {
733         CeedInt           q_comp_interp, q_comp_curl;
734         const CeedScalar *interp, *curl;
735         CeedScalar       *d_interp, *d_curl;
736 
737         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadratureComponents(basis, CEED_EVAL_INTERP, &q_comp_interp));
738         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadratureComponents(basis, CEED_EVAL_CURL, &q_comp_curl));
739 
740         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetInterp(basis, &interp));
741         CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaMalloc((void **)&d_interp, interp_bytes * q_comp_interp));
742         CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaMemcpy(d_interp, interp, interp_bytes * q_comp_interp, cudaMemcpyHostToDevice));
743         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetCurl(basis, &curl));
744         CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaMalloc((void **)&d_curl, interp_bytes * q_comp_curl));
745         CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaMemcpy(d_curl, curl, interp_bytes * q_comp_curl, cudaMemcpyHostToDevice));
746         if (in) {
747           diag->d_interp_in = d_interp;
748           diag->d_curl_in   = d_curl;
749         } else {
750           diag->d_interp_out = d_interp;
751           diag->d_curl_out   = d_curl;
752         }
753       } break;
754     }
755   }
756 
757   // Arrays of eval_modes
758   CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaMalloc((void **)&diag->d_eval_modes_in, num_eval_modes_in * eval_modes_bytes));
759   CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaMemcpy(diag->d_eval_modes_in, eval_modes_in, num_eval_modes_in * eval_modes_bytes, cudaMemcpyHostToDevice));
760   CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaMalloc((void **)&diag->d_eval_modes_out, num_eval_modes_out * eval_modes_bytes));
761   CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaMemcpy(diag->d_eval_modes_out, eval_modes_out, num_eval_modes_out * eval_modes_bytes, cudaMemcpyHostToDevice));
762   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&eval_modes_in));
763   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&eval_modes_out));
764   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
765 }
766 
767 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
768 // Assemble Diagonal Setup (Compilation)
769 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
770 static inline int CeedOperatorAssembleDiagonalSetupCompile_Cuda(CeedOperator op, CeedInt use_ceedsize_idx, const bool is_point_block) {
771   Ceed                ceed;
772   char               *diagonal_kernel_source;
773   const char         *diagonal_kernel_path;
774   CeedInt             num_input_fields, num_output_fields, num_eval_modes_in = 0, num_eval_modes_out = 0;
775   CeedInt             num_comp, q_comp, num_nodes, num_qpts;
776   CeedBasis           basis_in = NULL, basis_out = NULL;
777   CeedQFunctionField *qf_fields;
778   CeedQFunction       qf;
779   CeedOperatorField  *op_fields;
780   CeedOperator_Cuda  *impl;
781 
782   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetCeed(op, &ceed));
783   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetQFunction(op, &qf));
784   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionGetNumArgs(qf, &num_input_fields, &num_output_fields));
785 
786   // Determine active input basis
787   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetFields(op, NULL, &op_fields, NULL, NULL));
788   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionGetFields(qf, NULL, &qf_fields, NULL, NULL));
789   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_input_fields; i++) {
790     CeedVector vec;
791 
792     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_fields[i], &vec));
793     if (vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) {
794       CeedEvalMode eval_mode;
795 
796       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(op_fields[i], &basis_in));
797       CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_fields[i], &eval_mode));
798       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadratureComponents(basis_in, eval_mode, &q_comp));
799       if (eval_mode != CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT) {
800         num_eval_modes_in += q_comp;
801       }
802     }
803   }
804 
805   // Determine active output basis
806   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetFields(op, NULL, NULL, NULL, &op_fields));
807   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionGetFields(qf, NULL, NULL, NULL, &qf_fields));
808   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_output_fields; i++) {
809     CeedVector vec;
810 
811     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_fields[i], &vec));
812     if (vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) {
813       CeedEvalMode eval_mode;
814 
815       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(op_fields[i], &basis_out));
816       CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_fields[i], &eval_mode));
817       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadratureComponents(basis_out, eval_mode, &q_comp));
818       if (eval_mode != CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT) {
819         num_eval_modes_out += q_comp;
820       }
821     }
822   }
823 
824   // Operator data struct
825   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetData(op, &impl));
826   CeedOperatorDiag_Cuda *diag = impl->diag;
827 
828   // Assemble kernel
829   CUmodule *module          = is_point_block ? &diag->module_point_block : &diag->module;
830   CeedInt   elems_per_block = 1;
831   CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumNodes(basis_in, &num_nodes));
832   CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumComponents(basis_in, &num_comp));
833   if (basis_in == CEED_BASIS_NONE) num_qpts = num_nodes;
834   else CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadraturePoints(basis_in, &num_qpts));
835   CeedCallBackend(CeedGetJitAbsolutePath(ceed, "ceed/jit-source/cuda/cuda-ref-operator-assemble-diagonal.h", &diagonal_kernel_path));
836   CeedDebug256(ceed, CEED_DEBUG_COLOR_SUCCESS, "----- Loading Diagonal Assembly Kernel Source -----\n");
837   CeedCallBackend(CeedLoadSourceToBuffer(ceed, diagonal_kernel_path, &diagonal_kernel_source));
838   CeedDebug256(ceed, CEED_DEBUG_COLOR_SUCCESS, "----- Loading Diagonal Assembly Source Complete! -----\n");
839   CeedCallCuda(ceed, CeedCompile_Cuda(ceed, diagonal_kernel_source, module, 8, "NUM_EVAL_MODES_IN", num_eval_modes_in, "NUM_EVAL_MODES_OUT",
840                                       num_eval_modes_out, "NUM_COMP", num_comp, "NUM_NODES", num_nodes, "NUM_QPTS", num_qpts, "USE_CEEDSIZE",
841                                       use_ceedsize_idx, "USE_POINT_BLOCK", is_point_block ? 1 : 0, "BLOCK_SIZE", num_nodes * elems_per_block));
842   CeedCallCuda(ceed, CeedGetKernel_Cuda(ceed, *module, "LinearDiagonal", is_point_block ? &diag->LinearPointBlock : &diag->LinearDiagonal));
843   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&diagonal_kernel_path));
844   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&diagonal_kernel_source));
845   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
846 }
847 
848 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
849 // Assemble Diagonal Core
850 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
851 static inline int CeedOperatorAssembleDiagonalCore_Cuda(CeedOperator op, CeedVector assembled, CeedRequest *request, const bool is_point_block) {
852   Ceed                ceed;
853   CeedInt             num_elem, num_nodes;
854   CeedScalar         *elem_diag_array;
855   const CeedScalar   *assembled_qf_array;
856   CeedVector          assembled_qf   = NULL, elem_diag;
857   CeedElemRestriction assembled_rstr = NULL, rstr_in, rstr_out, diag_rstr;
858   CeedOperator_Cuda  *impl;
859 
860   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetCeed(op, &ceed));
861   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetData(op, &impl));
862 
863   // Assemble QFunction
864   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorLinearAssembleQFunctionBuildOrUpdate(op, &assembled_qf, &assembled_rstr, request));
865   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&assembled_rstr));
866   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetArrayRead(assembled_qf, CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &assembled_qf_array));
867 
868   // Setup
869   if (!impl->diag) CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorAssembleDiagonalSetup_Cuda(op));
870   CeedOperatorDiag_Cuda *diag = impl->diag;
871 
872   assert(diag != NULL);
873 
874   // Assemble kernel if needed
875   if ((!is_point_block && !diag->LinearDiagonal) || (is_point_block && !diag->LinearPointBlock)) {
876     CeedSize assembled_length, assembled_qf_length;
877     CeedInt  use_ceedsize_idx = 0;
878     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetLength(assembled, &assembled_length));
879     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetLength(assembled_qf, &assembled_qf_length));
880     if ((assembled_length > INT_MAX) || (assembled_qf_length > INT_MAX)) use_ceedsize_idx = 1;
881 
882     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorAssembleDiagonalSetupCompile_Cuda(op, use_ceedsize_idx, is_point_block));
883   }
884 
885   // Restriction and diagonal vector
886   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetActiveElemRestrictions(op, &rstr_in, &rstr_out));
887   CeedCheck(rstr_in == rstr_out, ceed, CEED_ERROR_BACKEND,
888             "Cannot assemble operator diagonal with different input and output active element restrictions");
889   if (!is_point_block && !diag->diag_rstr) {
890     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionCreateUnsignedCopy(rstr_out, &diag->diag_rstr));
891     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionCreateVector(diag->diag_rstr, NULL, &diag->elem_diag));
892   } else if (is_point_block && !diag->point_block_diag_rstr) {
893     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorCreateActivePointBlockRestriction(rstr_out, &diag->point_block_diag_rstr));
894     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionCreateVector(diag->point_block_diag_rstr, NULL, &diag->point_block_elem_diag));
895   }
896   diag_rstr = is_point_block ? diag->point_block_diag_rstr : diag->diag_rstr;
897   elem_diag = is_point_block ? diag->point_block_elem_diag : diag->elem_diag;
898   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorSetValue(elem_diag, 0.0));
899 
900   // Only assemble diagonal if the basis has nodes, otherwise inputs are null pointers
901   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetElementSize(diag_rstr, &num_nodes));
902   if (num_nodes > 0) {
903     // Assemble element operator diagonals
904     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetNumElements(diag_rstr, &num_elem));
905     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetArray(elem_diag, CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &elem_diag_array));
906 
907     // Compute the diagonal of B^T D B
908     CeedInt elems_per_block = 1;
909     CeedInt grid            = CeedDivUpInt(num_elem, elems_per_block);
910     void   *args[]          = {(void *)&num_elem,      &diag->d_identity,       &diag->d_interp_in,  &diag->d_grad_in, &diag->d_div_in,
911                                &diag->d_curl_in,       &diag->d_interp_out,     &diag->d_grad_out,   &diag->d_div_out, &diag->d_curl_out,
912                                &diag->d_eval_modes_in, &diag->d_eval_modes_out, &assembled_qf_array, &elem_diag_array};
913 
914     if (is_point_block) {
915       CeedCallBackend(CeedRunKernelDim_Cuda(ceed, diag->LinearPointBlock, grid, num_nodes, 1, elems_per_block, args));
916     } else {
917       CeedCallBackend(CeedRunKernelDim_Cuda(ceed, diag->LinearDiagonal, grid, num_nodes, 1, elems_per_block, args));
918     }
919 
920     // Restore arrays
921     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorRestoreArray(elem_diag, &elem_diag_array));
922     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorRestoreArrayRead(assembled_qf, &assembled_qf_array));
923   }
924 
925   // Assemble local operator diagonal
926   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionApply(diag_rstr, CEED_TRANSPOSE, elem_diag, assembled, request));
927 
928   // Cleanup
929   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&assembled_qf));
930   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
931 }
932 
933 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
934 // Assemble Linear Diagonal
935 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
936 static int CeedOperatorLinearAssembleAddDiagonal_Cuda(CeedOperator op, CeedVector assembled, CeedRequest *request) {
937   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorAssembleDiagonalCore_Cuda(op, assembled, request, false));
938   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
939 }
940 
941 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
942 // Assemble Linear Point Block Diagonal
943 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
944 static int CeedOperatorLinearAssembleAddPointBlockDiagonal_Cuda(CeedOperator op, CeedVector assembled, CeedRequest *request) {
945   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorAssembleDiagonalCore_Cuda(op, assembled, request, true));
946   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
947 }
948 
949 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
950 // Single Operator Assembly Setup
951 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
952 static int CeedSingleOperatorAssembleSetup_Cuda(CeedOperator op, CeedInt use_ceedsize_idx) {
953   Ceed                ceed;
954   Ceed_Cuda          *cuda_data;
955   char               *assembly_kernel_source;
956   const char         *assembly_kernel_path;
957   CeedInt             num_input_fields, num_output_fields, num_eval_modes_in = 0, num_eval_modes_out = 0;
958   CeedInt             elem_size_in, num_qpts_in, num_comp_in, elem_size_out, num_qpts_out, num_comp_out, q_comp;
959   CeedEvalMode       *eval_modes_in = NULL, *eval_modes_out = NULL;
960   CeedElemRestriction rstr_in = NULL, rstr_out = NULL;
961   CeedBasis           basis_in = NULL, basis_out = NULL;
962   CeedQFunctionField *qf_fields;
963   CeedQFunction       qf;
964   CeedOperatorField  *input_fields, *output_fields;
965   CeedOperator_Cuda  *impl;
966 
967   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetCeed(op, &ceed));
968   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetData(op, &impl));
969 
970   // Get intput and output fields
971   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetFields(op, &num_input_fields, &input_fields, &num_output_fields, &output_fields));
972 
973   // Determine active input basis eval mode
974   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetQFunction(op, &qf));
975   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionGetFields(qf, NULL, &qf_fields, NULL, NULL));
976   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_input_fields; i++) {
977     CeedVector vec;
978 
979     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(input_fields[i], &vec));
980     if (vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) {
981       CeedBasis    basis;
982       CeedEvalMode eval_mode;
983 
984       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(input_fields[i], &basis));
985       CeedCheck(!basis_in || basis_in == basis, ceed, CEED_ERROR_BACKEND, "Backend does not implement operator assembly with multiple active bases");
986       basis_in = basis;
987       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(input_fields[i], &rstr_in));
988       CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetElementSize(rstr_in, &elem_size_in));
989       if (basis_in == CEED_BASIS_NONE) num_qpts_in = elem_size_in;
990       else CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadraturePoints(basis_in, &num_qpts_in));
991       CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_fields[i], &eval_mode));
992       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadratureComponents(basis_in, eval_mode, &q_comp));
993       if (eval_mode != CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT) {
994         // q_comp = 1 if CEED_EVAL_NONE, CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT caught by QF Assembly
995         CeedCallBackend(CeedRealloc(num_eval_modes_in + q_comp, &eval_modes_in));
996         for (CeedInt d = 0; d < q_comp; d++) {
997           eval_modes_in[num_eval_modes_in + d] = eval_mode;
998         }
999         num_eval_modes_in += q_comp;
1000       }
1001     }
1002   }
1003 
1004   // Determine active output basis; basis_out and rstr_out only used if same as input, TODO
1005   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionGetFields(qf, NULL, NULL, NULL, &qf_fields));
1006   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_output_fields; i++) {
1007     CeedVector vec;
1008 
1009     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(output_fields[i], &vec));
1010     if (vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) {
1011       CeedBasis    basis;
1012       CeedEvalMode eval_mode;
1013 
1014       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(output_fields[i], &basis));
1015       CeedCheck(!basis_out || basis_out == basis, ceed, CEED_ERROR_BACKEND,
1016                 "Backend does not implement operator assembly with multiple active bases");
1017       basis_out = basis;
1018       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(output_fields[i], &rstr_out));
1019       CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetElementSize(rstr_out, &elem_size_out));
1020       if (basis_out == CEED_BASIS_NONE) num_qpts_out = elem_size_out;
1021       else CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadraturePoints(basis_out, &num_qpts_out));
1022       CeedCheck(num_qpts_in == num_qpts_out, ceed, CEED_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED,
1023                 "Active input and output bases must have the same number of quadrature points");
1024       CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_fields[i], &eval_mode));
1025       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadratureComponents(basis_out, eval_mode, &q_comp));
1026       if (eval_mode != CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT) {
1027         // q_comp = 1 if CEED_EVAL_NONE, CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT caught by QF Assembly
1028         CeedCallBackend(CeedRealloc(num_eval_modes_out + q_comp, &eval_modes_out));
1029         for (CeedInt d = 0; d < q_comp; d++) {
1030           eval_modes_out[num_eval_modes_out + d] = eval_mode;
1031         }
1032         num_eval_modes_out += q_comp;
1033       }
1034     }
1035   }
1036   CeedCheck(num_eval_modes_in > 0 && num_eval_modes_out > 0, ceed, CEED_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED, "Cannot assemble operator without inputs/outputs");
1037 
1038   CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(1, &impl->asmb));
1039   CeedOperatorAssemble_Cuda *asmb = impl->asmb;
1040   asmb->elems_per_block           = 1;
1041   asmb->block_size_x              = elem_size_in;
1042   asmb->block_size_y              = elem_size_out;
1043 
1044   CeedCallBackend(CeedGetData(ceed, &cuda_data));
1045   bool fallback = asmb->block_size_x * asmb->block_size_y * asmb->elems_per_block > cuda_data->device_prop.maxThreadsPerBlock;
1046 
1047   if (fallback) {
1048     // Use fallback kernel with 1D threadblock
1049     asmb->block_size_y = 1;
1050   }
1051 
1052   // Compile kernels
1053   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetNumComponents(rstr_in, &num_comp_in));
1054   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetNumComponents(rstr_out, &num_comp_out));
1055   CeedCallBackend(CeedGetJitAbsolutePath(ceed, "ceed/jit-source/cuda/cuda-ref-operator-assemble.h", &assembly_kernel_path));
1056   CeedDebug256(ceed, CEED_DEBUG_COLOR_SUCCESS, "----- Loading Assembly Kernel Source -----\n");
1057   CeedCallBackend(CeedLoadSourceToBuffer(ceed, assembly_kernel_path, &assembly_kernel_source));
1058   CeedDebug256(ceed, CEED_DEBUG_COLOR_SUCCESS, "----- Loading Assembly Source Complete! -----\n");
1059   CeedCallBackend(CeedCompile_Cuda(ceed, assembly_kernel_source, &asmb->module, 10, "NUM_EVAL_MODES_IN", num_eval_modes_in, "NUM_EVAL_MODES_OUT",
1060                                    num_eval_modes_out, "NUM_COMP_IN", num_comp_in, "NUM_COMP_OUT", num_comp_out, "NUM_NODES_IN", elem_size_in,
1061                                    "NUM_NODES_OUT", elem_size_out, "NUM_QPTS", num_qpts_in, "BLOCK_SIZE",
1062                                    asmb->block_size_x * asmb->block_size_y * asmb->elems_per_block, "BLOCK_SIZE_Y", asmb->block_size_y,
1063                                    "USE_CEEDSIZE", use_ceedsize_idx));
1064   CeedCallBackend(CeedGetKernel_Cuda(ceed, asmb->module, "LinearAssemble", &asmb->LinearAssemble));
1065   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&assembly_kernel_path));
1066   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&assembly_kernel_source));
1067 
1068   // Load into B_in, in order that they will be used in eval_modes_in
1069   {
1070     const CeedInt in_bytes           = elem_size_in * num_qpts_in * num_eval_modes_in * sizeof(CeedScalar);
1071     CeedInt       d_in               = 0;
1072     CeedEvalMode  eval_modes_in_prev = CEED_EVAL_NONE;
1073     bool          has_eval_none      = false;
1074     CeedScalar   *identity           = NULL;
1075 
1076     for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_eval_modes_in; i++) {
1077       has_eval_none = has_eval_none || (eval_modes_in[i] == CEED_EVAL_NONE);
1078     }
1079     if (has_eval_none) {
1080       CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(elem_size_in * num_qpts_in, &identity));
1081       for (CeedInt i = 0; i < (elem_size_in < num_qpts_in ? elem_size_in : num_qpts_in); i++) identity[i * elem_size_in + i] = 1.0;
1082     }
1083 
1084     CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaMalloc((void **)&asmb->d_B_in, in_bytes));
1085     for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_eval_modes_in; i++) {
1086       const CeedScalar *h_B_in;
1087 
1088       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetBasisPointer(basis_in, eval_modes_in[i], identity, &h_B_in));
1089       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadratureComponents(basis_in, eval_modes_in[i], &q_comp));
1090       if (q_comp > 1) {
1091         if (i == 0 || eval_modes_in[i] != eval_modes_in_prev) d_in = 0;
1092         else h_B_in = &h_B_in[(++d_in) * elem_size_in * num_qpts_in];
1093       }
1094       eval_modes_in_prev = eval_modes_in[i];
1095 
1096       CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaMemcpy(&asmb->d_B_in[i * elem_size_in * num_qpts_in], h_B_in, elem_size_in * num_qpts_in * sizeof(CeedScalar),
1097                                     cudaMemcpyHostToDevice));
1098     }
1099 
1100     if (identity) {
1101       CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&identity));
1102     }
1103   }
1104 
1105   // Load into B_out, in order that they will be used in eval_modes_out
1106   {
1107     const CeedInt out_bytes           = elem_size_out * num_qpts_out * num_eval_modes_out * sizeof(CeedScalar);
1108     CeedInt       d_out               = 0;
1109     CeedEvalMode  eval_modes_out_prev = CEED_EVAL_NONE;
1110     bool          has_eval_none       = false;
1111     CeedScalar   *identity            = NULL;
1112 
1113     for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_eval_modes_out; i++) {
1114       has_eval_none = has_eval_none || (eval_modes_out[i] == CEED_EVAL_NONE);
1115     }
1116     if (has_eval_none) {
1117       CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(elem_size_out * num_qpts_out, &identity));
1118       for (CeedInt i = 0; i < (elem_size_out < num_qpts_out ? elem_size_out : num_qpts_out); i++) identity[i * elem_size_out + i] = 1.0;
1119     }
1120 
1121     CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaMalloc((void **)&asmb->d_B_out, out_bytes));
1122     for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_eval_modes_out; i++) {
1123       const CeedScalar *h_B_out;
1124 
1125       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetBasisPointer(basis_out, eval_modes_out[i], identity, &h_B_out));
1126       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadratureComponents(basis_out, eval_modes_out[i], &q_comp));
1127       if (q_comp > 1) {
1128         if (i == 0 || eval_modes_out[i] != eval_modes_out_prev) d_out = 0;
1129         else h_B_out = &h_B_out[(++d_out) * elem_size_out * num_qpts_out];
1130       }
1131       eval_modes_out_prev = eval_modes_out[i];
1132 
1133       CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaMemcpy(&asmb->d_B_out[i * elem_size_out * num_qpts_out], h_B_out, elem_size_out * num_qpts_out * sizeof(CeedScalar),
1134                                     cudaMemcpyHostToDevice));
1135     }
1136 
1137     if (identity) {
1138       CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&identity));
1139     }
1140   }
1141   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
1142 }
1143 
1144 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1145 // Assemble matrix data for COO matrix of assembled operator.
1146 // The sparsity pattern is set by CeedOperatorLinearAssembleSymbolic.
1147 //
1148 // Note that this (and other assembly routines) currently assume only one active input restriction/basis per operator (could have multiple basis eval
1149 // modes).
1150 // TODO: allow multiple active input restrictions/basis objects
1151 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1152 static int CeedSingleOperatorAssemble_Cuda(CeedOperator op, CeedInt offset, CeedVector values) {
1153   Ceed                ceed;
1154   CeedSize            values_length = 0, assembled_qf_length = 0;
1155   CeedInt             use_ceedsize_idx = 0, num_elem_in, num_elem_out, elem_size_in, elem_size_out;
1156   CeedScalar         *values_array;
1157   const CeedScalar   *assembled_qf_array;
1158   CeedVector          assembled_qf   = NULL;
1159   CeedElemRestriction assembled_rstr = NULL, rstr_in, rstr_out;
1160   CeedRestrictionType rstr_type_in, rstr_type_out;
1161   const bool         *orients_in = NULL, *orients_out = NULL;
1162   const CeedInt8     *curl_orients_in = NULL, *curl_orients_out = NULL;
1163   CeedOperator_Cuda  *impl;
1164 
1165   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetCeed(op, &ceed));
1166   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetData(op, &impl));
1167 
1168   // Assemble QFunction
1169   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorLinearAssembleQFunctionBuildOrUpdate(op, &assembled_qf, &assembled_rstr, CEED_REQUEST_IMMEDIATE));
1170   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&assembled_rstr));
1171   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetArrayRead(assembled_qf, CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &assembled_qf_array));
1172 
1173   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetLength(values, &values_length));
1174   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetLength(assembled_qf, &assembled_qf_length));
1175   if ((values_length > INT_MAX) || (assembled_qf_length > INT_MAX)) use_ceedsize_idx = 1;
1176 
1177   // Setup
1178   if (!impl->asmb) CeedCallBackend(CeedSingleOperatorAssembleSetup_Cuda(op, use_ceedsize_idx));
1179   CeedOperatorAssemble_Cuda *asmb = impl->asmb;
1180 
1181   assert(asmb != NULL);
1182 
1183   // Assemble element operator
1184   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetArray(values, CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &values_array));
1185   values_array += offset;
1186 
1187   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetActiveElemRestrictions(op, &rstr_in, &rstr_out));
1188   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetNumElements(rstr_in, &num_elem_in));
1189   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetElementSize(rstr_in, &elem_size_in));
1190 
1191   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetType(rstr_in, &rstr_type_in));
1192   if (rstr_type_in == CEED_RESTRICTION_ORIENTED) {
1193     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetOrientations(rstr_in, CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &orients_in));
1194   } else if (rstr_type_in == CEED_RESTRICTION_CURL_ORIENTED) {
1195     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetCurlOrientations(rstr_in, CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &curl_orients_in));
1196   }
1197 
1198   if (rstr_in != rstr_out) {
1199     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetNumElements(rstr_out, &num_elem_out));
1200     CeedCheck(num_elem_in == num_elem_out, ceed, CEED_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED,
1201               "Active input and output operator restrictions must have the same number of elements");
1202     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetElementSize(rstr_out, &elem_size_out));
1203 
1204     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetType(rstr_out, &rstr_type_out));
1205     if (rstr_type_out == CEED_RESTRICTION_ORIENTED) {
1206       CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetOrientations(rstr_out, CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &orients_out));
1207     } else if (rstr_type_out == CEED_RESTRICTION_CURL_ORIENTED) {
1208       CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetCurlOrientations(rstr_out, CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &curl_orients_out));
1209     }
1210   } else {
1211     elem_size_out    = elem_size_in;
1212     orients_out      = orients_in;
1213     curl_orients_out = curl_orients_in;
1214   }
1215 
1216   // Compute B^T D B
1217   CeedInt shared_mem =
1218       ((curl_orients_in || curl_orients_out ? elem_size_in * elem_size_out : 0) + (curl_orients_in ? elem_size_in * asmb->block_size_y : 0)) *
1219       sizeof(CeedScalar);
1220   CeedInt grid   = CeedDivUpInt(num_elem_in, asmb->elems_per_block);
1221   void   *args[] = {(void *)&num_elem_in, &asmb->d_B_in,     &asmb->d_B_out,      &orients_in,  &curl_orients_in,
1222                     &orients_out,         &curl_orients_out, &assembled_qf_array, &values_array};
1223 
1224   CeedCallBackend(
1225       CeedRunKernelDimShared_Cuda(ceed, asmb->LinearAssemble, grid, asmb->block_size_x, asmb->block_size_y, asmb->elems_per_block, shared_mem, args));
1226 
1227   // Restore arrays
1228   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorRestoreArray(values, &values_array));
1229   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorRestoreArrayRead(assembled_qf, &assembled_qf_array));
1230 
1231   // Cleanup
1232   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&assembled_qf));
1233   if (rstr_type_in == CEED_RESTRICTION_ORIENTED) {
1234     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionRestoreOrientations(rstr_in, &orients_in));
1235   } else if (rstr_type_in == CEED_RESTRICTION_CURL_ORIENTED) {
1236     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionRestoreCurlOrientations(rstr_in, &curl_orients_in));
1237   }
1238   if (rstr_in != rstr_out) {
1239     if (rstr_type_out == CEED_RESTRICTION_ORIENTED) {
1240       CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionRestoreOrientations(rstr_out, &orients_out));
1241     } else if (rstr_type_out == CEED_RESTRICTION_CURL_ORIENTED) {
1242       CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionRestoreCurlOrientations(rstr_out, &curl_orients_out));
1243     }
1244   }
1245   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
1246 }
1247 
1248 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1249 // Create operator
1250 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1251 int CeedOperatorCreate_Cuda(CeedOperator op) {
1252   Ceed               ceed;
1253   CeedOperator_Cuda *impl;
1254 
1255   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetCeed(op, &ceed));
1256   CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(1, &impl));
1257   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorSetData(op, impl));
1258 
1259   CeedCallBackend(CeedSetBackendFunction(ceed, "Operator", op, "LinearAssembleQFunction", CeedOperatorLinearAssembleQFunction_Cuda));
1260   CeedCallBackend(CeedSetBackendFunction(ceed, "Operator", op, "LinearAssembleQFunctionUpdate", CeedOperatorLinearAssembleQFunctionUpdate_Cuda));
1261   CeedCallBackend(CeedSetBackendFunction(ceed, "Operator", op, "LinearAssembleAddDiagonal", CeedOperatorLinearAssembleAddDiagonal_Cuda));
1262   CeedCallBackend(
1263       CeedSetBackendFunction(ceed, "Operator", op, "LinearAssembleAddPointBlockDiagonal", CeedOperatorLinearAssembleAddPointBlockDiagonal_Cuda));
1264   CeedCallBackend(CeedSetBackendFunction(ceed, "Operator", op, "LinearAssembleSingle", CeedSingleOperatorAssemble_Cuda));
1265   CeedCallBackend(CeedSetBackendFunction(ceed, "Operator", op, "ApplyAdd", CeedOperatorApplyAdd_Cuda));
1266   CeedCallBackend(CeedSetBackendFunction(ceed, "Operator", op, "Destroy", CeedOperatorDestroy_Cuda));
1267   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
1268 }
1269 
1270 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1271