xref: /libCEED/backends/cuda-ref/ceed-cuda-ref-restriction.c (revision b20a4af9cd65fb919c98e62df325832b3aefde7d)
1 // Copyright (c) 2017-2024, Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC and other CEED contributors.
2 // All Rights Reserved. See the top-level LICENSE and NOTICE files for details.
3 //
4 // SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
5 //
6 // This file is part of CEED:  http://github.com/ceed
7 
8 #include <ceed.h>
9 #include <ceed/backend.h>
10 #include <ceed/jit-tools.h>
11 #include <cuda.h>
12 #include <cuda_runtime.h>
13 #include <stdbool.h>
14 #include <stddef.h>
15 #include <string.h>
16 
17 #include "../cuda/ceed-cuda-common.h"
18 #include "../cuda/ceed-cuda-compile.h"
19 #include "ceed-cuda-ref.h"
20 
21 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
22 // Compile restriction kernels
23 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
24 static inline int CeedElemRestrictionSetupCompile_Cuda(CeedElemRestriction rstr) {
25   Ceed                      ceed;
26   bool                      is_deterministic;
27   char                     *restriction_kernel_source;
28   const char               *restriction_kernel_path;
29   CeedInt                   num_elem, num_comp, elem_size, comp_stride;
30   CeedRestrictionType       rstr_type;
31   CeedElemRestriction_Cuda *impl;
32 
33   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetData(rstr, &impl));
34   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetCeed(rstr, &ceed));
35   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetType(rstr, &rstr_type));
36   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetNumElements(rstr, &num_elem));
37   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetNumComponents(rstr, &num_comp));
38   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetCompStride(rstr, &comp_stride));
39   if (rstr_type == CEED_RESTRICTION_POINTS) {
40     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetMaxPointsInElement(rstr, &elem_size));
41   } else {
42     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetElementSize(rstr, &elem_size));
43   }
44   is_deterministic = impl->d_l_vec_indices != NULL;
45 
46   // Compile CUDA kernels
47   switch (rstr_type) {
48     case CEED_RESTRICTION_STRIDED: {
49       bool    has_backend_strides;
50       CeedInt strides[3] = {1, num_elem * elem_size, elem_size};
51 
52       CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionHasBackendStrides(rstr, &has_backend_strides));
53       if (!has_backend_strides) {
54         CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetStrides(rstr, strides));
55       }
56 
57       CeedCallBackend(CeedGetJitAbsolutePath(ceed, "ceed/jit-source/cuda/cuda-ref-restriction-strided.h", &restriction_kernel_path));
58       CeedDebug256(ceed, CEED_DEBUG_COLOR_SUCCESS, "----- Loading Restriction Kernel Source -----\n");
59       CeedCallBackend(CeedLoadSourceToBuffer(ceed, restriction_kernel_path, &restriction_kernel_source));
60       CeedDebug256(ceed, CEED_DEBUG_COLOR_SUCCESS, "----- Loading Restriction Kernel Source Complete! -----\n");
61       CeedCallBackend(CeedCompile_Cuda(ceed, restriction_kernel_source, &impl->module, 6, "RSTR_ELEM_SIZE", elem_size, "RSTR_NUM_ELEM", num_elem,
62                                        "RSTR_NUM_COMP", num_comp, "RSTR_STRIDE_NODES", strides[0], "RSTR_STRIDE_COMP", strides[1], "RSTR_STRIDE_ELEM",
63                                        strides[2]));
64       CeedCallBackend(CeedGetKernel_Cuda(ceed, impl->module, "StridedNoTranspose", &impl->ApplyNoTranspose));
65       CeedCallBackend(CeedGetKernel_Cuda(ceed, impl->module, "StridedTranspose", &impl->ApplyTranspose));
66     } break;
67     case CEED_RESTRICTION_POINTS:
68     case CEED_RESTRICTION_STANDARD: {
69       CeedCallBackend(CeedGetJitAbsolutePath(ceed, "ceed/jit-source/cuda/cuda-ref-restriction-offset.h", &restriction_kernel_path));
70       CeedDebug256(ceed, CEED_DEBUG_COLOR_SUCCESS, "----- Loading Restriction Kernel Source -----\n");
71       CeedCallBackend(CeedLoadSourceToBuffer(ceed, restriction_kernel_path, &restriction_kernel_source));
72       CeedDebug256(ceed, CEED_DEBUG_COLOR_SUCCESS, "----- Loading Restriction Kernel Source Complete! -----\n");
73       CeedCallBackend(CeedCompile_Cuda(ceed, restriction_kernel_source, &impl->module, 6, "RSTR_ELEM_SIZE", elem_size, "RSTR_NUM_ELEM", num_elem,
74                                        "RSTR_NUM_COMP", num_comp, "RSTR_NUM_NODES", impl->num_nodes, "RSTR_COMP_STRIDE", comp_stride,
75                                        "USE_DETERMINISTIC", is_deterministic ? 1 : 0));
76       CeedCallBackend(CeedGetKernel_Cuda(ceed, impl->module, "OffsetNoTranspose", &impl->ApplyNoTranspose));
77       CeedCallBackend(CeedGetKernel_Cuda(ceed, impl->module, "OffsetTranspose", &impl->ApplyTranspose));
78     } break;
79     case CEED_RESTRICTION_ORIENTED: {
80       const char *offset_kernel_path;
81       char      **file_paths     = NULL;
82       CeedInt     num_file_paths = 0;
83 
84       CeedCallBackend(CeedGetJitAbsolutePath(ceed, "ceed/jit-source/cuda/cuda-ref-restriction-oriented.h", &restriction_kernel_path));
85       CeedDebug256(ceed, CEED_DEBUG_COLOR_SUCCESS, "----- Loading Restriction Kernel Source -----\n");
86       CeedCallBackend(CeedLoadSourceAndInitializeBuffer(ceed, restriction_kernel_path, &num_file_paths, &file_paths, &restriction_kernel_source));
87       CeedCallBackend(CeedGetJitAbsolutePath(ceed, "ceed/jit-source/cuda/cuda-ref-restriction-offset.h", &offset_kernel_path));
88       CeedCallBackend(CeedLoadSourceToInitializedBuffer(ceed, offset_kernel_path, &num_file_paths, &file_paths, &restriction_kernel_source));
89       CeedDebug256(ceed, CEED_DEBUG_COLOR_SUCCESS, "----- Loading Restriction Kernel Source Complete! -----\n");
90       CeedCallBackend(CeedCompile_Cuda(ceed, restriction_kernel_source, &impl->module, 6, "RSTR_ELEM_SIZE", elem_size, "RSTR_NUM_ELEM", num_elem,
91                                        "RSTR_NUM_COMP", num_comp, "RSTR_NUM_NODES", impl->num_nodes, "RSTR_COMP_STRIDE", comp_stride,
92                                        "USE_DETERMINISTIC", is_deterministic ? 1 : 0));
93       CeedCallBackend(CeedGetKernel_Cuda(ceed, impl->module, "OrientedNoTranspose", &impl->ApplyNoTranspose));
94       CeedCallBackend(CeedGetKernel_Cuda(ceed, impl->module, "OffsetNoTranspose", &impl->ApplyUnsignedNoTranspose));
95       CeedCallBackend(CeedGetKernel_Cuda(ceed, impl->module, "OrientedTranspose", &impl->ApplyTranspose));
96       CeedCallBackend(CeedGetKernel_Cuda(ceed, impl->module, "OffsetTranspose", &impl->ApplyUnsignedTranspose));
97       // Cleanup
98       CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&offset_kernel_path));
99       for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_file_paths; i++) CeedCall(CeedFree(&file_paths[i]));
100       CeedCall(CeedFree(&file_paths));
101     } break;
102     case CEED_RESTRICTION_CURL_ORIENTED: {
103       const char *offset_kernel_path;
104       char      **file_paths     = NULL;
105       CeedInt     num_file_paths = 0;
106 
107       CeedCallBackend(CeedGetJitAbsolutePath(ceed, "ceed/jit-source/cuda/cuda-ref-restriction-curl-oriented.h", &restriction_kernel_path));
108       CeedDebug256(ceed, CEED_DEBUG_COLOR_SUCCESS, "----- Loading Restriction Kernel Source -----\n");
109       CeedCallBackend(CeedLoadSourceAndInitializeBuffer(ceed, restriction_kernel_path, &num_file_paths, &file_paths, &restriction_kernel_source));
110       CeedCallBackend(CeedGetJitAbsolutePath(ceed, "ceed/jit-source/cuda/cuda-ref-restriction-offset.h", &offset_kernel_path));
111       CeedCallBackend(CeedLoadSourceToInitializedBuffer(ceed, offset_kernel_path, &num_file_paths, &file_paths, &restriction_kernel_source));
112       CeedDebug256(ceed, CEED_DEBUG_COLOR_SUCCESS, "----- Loading Restriction Kernel Source Complete! -----\n");
113       CeedCallBackend(CeedCompile_Cuda(ceed, restriction_kernel_source, &impl->module, 6, "RSTR_ELEM_SIZE", elem_size, "RSTR_NUM_ELEM", num_elem,
114                                        "RSTR_NUM_COMP", num_comp, "RSTR_NUM_NODES", impl->num_nodes, "RSTR_COMP_STRIDE", comp_stride,
115                                        "USE_DETERMINISTIC", is_deterministic ? 1 : 0));
116       CeedCallBackend(CeedGetKernel_Cuda(ceed, impl->module, "CurlOrientedNoTranspose", &impl->ApplyNoTranspose));
117       CeedCallBackend(CeedGetKernel_Cuda(ceed, impl->module, "CurlOrientedUnsignedNoTranspose", &impl->ApplyUnsignedNoTranspose));
118       CeedCallBackend(CeedGetKernel_Cuda(ceed, impl->module, "OffsetNoTranspose", &impl->ApplyUnorientedNoTranspose));
119       CeedCallBackend(CeedGetKernel_Cuda(ceed, impl->module, "CurlOrientedTranspose", &impl->ApplyTranspose));
120       CeedCallBackend(CeedGetKernel_Cuda(ceed, impl->module, "CurlOrientedUnsignedTranspose", &impl->ApplyUnsignedTranspose));
121       CeedCallBackend(CeedGetKernel_Cuda(ceed, impl->module, "OffsetTranspose", &impl->ApplyUnorientedTranspose));
122       // Cleanup
123       CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&offset_kernel_path));
124       for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_file_paths; i++) CeedCall(CeedFree(&file_paths[i]));
125       CeedCall(CeedFree(&file_paths));
126     } break;
127   }
128   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&restriction_kernel_path));
129   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&restriction_kernel_source));
130   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
131 }
132 
133 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
134 // Core apply restriction code
135 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
136 static inline int CeedElemRestrictionApply_Cuda_Core(CeedElemRestriction rstr, CeedTransposeMode t_mode, bool use_signs, bool use_orients,
137                                                      CeedVector u, CeedVector v, CeedRequest *request) {
138   Ceed                      ceed;
139   CeedRestrictionType       rstr_type;
140   const CeedScalar         *d_u;
141   CeedScalar               *d_v;
142   CeedElemRestriction_Cuda *impl;
143 
144   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetData(rstr, &impl));
145   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetCeed(rstr, &ceed));
146   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetType(rstr, &rstr_type));
147 
148   // Assemble kernel if needed
149   if (!impl->module) {
150     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionSetupCompile_Cuda(rstr));
151   }
152 
153   // Get vectors
154   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetArrayRead(u, CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &d_u));
155   if (t_mode == CEED_TRANSPOSE) {
156     // Sum into for transpose mode, e-vec to l-vec
157     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetArray(v, CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &d_v));
158   } else {
159     // Overwrite for notranspose mode, l-vec to e-vec
160     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetArrayWrite(v, CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &d_v));
161   }
162 
163   // Restrict
164   if (t_mode == CEED_NOTRANSPOSE) {
165     // L-vector -> E-vector
166     CeedInt elem_size;
167 
168     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetElementSize(rstr, &elem_size));
169     const CeedInt block_size = elem_size < 1024 ? (elem_size > 32 ? elem_size : 32) : 1024;
170     const CeedInt grid       = CeedDivUpInt(impl->num_nodes, block_size);
171 
172     switch (rstr_type) {
173       case CEED_RESTRICTION_STRIDED: {
174         void *args[] = {&d_u, &d_v};
175 
176         CeedCallBackend(CeedRunKernel_Cuda(ceed, impl->ApplyNoTranspose, grid, block_size, args));
177       } break;
178       case CEED_RESTRICTION_POINTS:
179       case CEED_RESTRICTION_STANDARD: {
180         void *args[] = {&impl->d_offsets, &d_u, &d_v};
181 
182         CeedCallBackend(CeedRunKernel_Cuda(ceed, impl->ApplyNoTranspose, grid, block_size, args));
183       } break;
184       case CEED_RESTRICTION_ORIENTED: {
185         if (use_signs) {
186           void *args[] = {&impl->d_offsets, &impl->d_orients, &d_u, &d_v};
187 
188           CeedCallBackend(CeedRunKernel_Cuda(ceed, impl->ApplyNoTranspose, grid, block_size, args));
189         } else {
190           void *args[] = {&impl->d_offsets, &d_u, &d_v};
191 
192           CeedCallBackend(CeedRunKernel_Cuda(ceed, impl->ApplyUnsignedNoTranspose, grid, block_size, args));
193         }
194       } break;
195       case CEED_RESTRICTION_CURL_ORIENTED: {
196         if (use_signs && use_orients) {
197           void *args[] = {&impl->d_offsets, &impl->d_curl_orients, &d_u, &d_v};
198 
199           CeedCallBackend(CeedRunKernel_Cuda(ceed, impl->ApplyNoTranspose, grid, block_size, args));
200         } else if (use_orients) {
201           void *args[] = {&impl->d_offsets, &impl->d_curl_orients, &d_u, &d_v};
202 
203           CeedCallBackend(CeedRunKernel_Cuda(ceed, impl->ApplyUnsignedNoTranspose, grid, block_size, args));
204         } else {
205           void *args[] = {&impl->d_offsets, &d_u, &d_v};
206 
207           CeedCallBackend(CeedRunKernel_Cuda(ceed, impl->ApplyUnorientedNoTranspose, grid, block_size, args));
208         }
209       } break;
210     }
211   } else {
212     // E-vector -> L-vector
213     const bool    is_deterministic = impl->d_l_vec_indices != NULL;
214     const CeedInt block_size       = 32;
215     const CeedInt grid             = CeedDivUpInt(impl->num_nodes, block_size);
216 
217     switch (rstr_type) {
218       case CEED_RESTRICTION_STRIDED: {
219         void *args[] = {&d_u, &d_v};
220 
221         CeedCallBackend(CeedRunKernel_Cuda(ceed, impl->ApplyTranspose, grid, block_size, args));
222       } break;
223       case CEED_RESTRICTION_POINTS:
224       case CEED_RESTRICTION_STANDARD: {
225         if (!is_deterministic) {
226           void *args[] = {&impl->d_offsets, &d_u, &d_v};
227 
228           CeedCallBackend(CeedRunKernel_Cuda(ceed, impl->ApplyTranspose, grid, block_size, args));
229         } else {
230           void *args[] = {&impl->d_l_vec_indices, &impl->d_t_indices, &impl->d_t_offsets, &d_u, &d_v};
231 
232           CeedCallBackend(CeedRunKernel_Cuda(ceed, impl->ApplyTranspose, grid, block_size, args));
233         }
234       } break;
235       case CEED_RESTRICTION_ORIENTED: {
236         if (use_signs) {
237           if (!is_deterministic) {
238             void *args[] = {&impl->d_offsets, &impl->d_orients, &d_u, &d_v};
239 
240             CeedCallBackend(CeedRunKernel_Cuda(ceed, impl->ApplyTranspose, grid, block_size, args));
241           } else {
242             void *args[] = {&impl->d_l_vec_indices, &impl->d_t_indices, &impl->d_t_offsets, &impl->d_orients, &d_u, &d_v};
243 
244             CeedCallBackend(CeedRunKernel_Cuda(ceed, impl->ApplyTranspose, grid, block_size, args));
245           }
246         } else {
247           if (!is_deterministic) {
248             void *args[] = {&impl->d_offsets, &d_u, &d_v};
249 
250             CeedCallBackend(CeedRunKernel_Cuda(ceed, impl->ApplyUnsignedTranspose, grid, block_size, args));
251           } else {
252             void *args[] = {&impl->d_l_vec_indices, &impl->d_t_indices, &impl->d_t_offsets, &d_u, &d_v};
253 
254             CeedCallBackend(CeedRunKernel_Cuda(ceed, impl->ApplyUnsignedTranspose, grid, block_size, args));
255           }
256         }
257       } break;
258       case CEED_RESTRICTION_CURL_ORIENTED: {
259         if (use_signs && use_orients) {
260           if (!is_deterministic) {
261             void *args[] = {&impl->d_offsets, &impl->d_curl_orients, &d_u, &d_v};
262 
263             CeedCallBackend(CeedRunKernel_Cuda(ceed, impl->ApplyTranspose, grid, block_size, args));
264           } else {
265             void *args[] = {&impl->d_l_vec_indices, &impl->d_t_indices, &impl->d_t_offsets, &impl->d_curl_orients, &d_u, &d_v};
266 
267             CeedCallBackend(CeedRunKernel_Cuda(ceed, impl->ApplyTranspose, grid, block_size, args));
268           }
269         } else if (use_orients) {
270           if (!is_deterministic) {
271             void *args[] = {&impl->d_offsets, &impl->d_curl_orients, &d_u, &d_v};
272 
273             CeedCallBackend(CeedRunKernel_Cuda(ceed, impl->ApplyUnsignedTranspose, grid, block_size, args));
274           } else {
275             void *args[] = {&impl->d_l_vec_indices, &impl->d_t_indices, &impl->d_t_offsets, &impl->d_curl_orients, &d_u, &d_v};
276 
277             CeedCallBackend(CeedRunKernel_Cuda(ceed, impl->ApplyUnsignedTranspose, grid, block_size, args));
278           }
279         } else {
280           if (!is_deterministic) {
281             void *args[] = {&impl->d_offsets, &d_u, &d_v};
282 
283             CeedCallBackend(CeedRunKernel_Cuda(ceed, impl->ApplyUnorientedTranspose, grid, block_size, args));
284           } else {
285             void *args[] = {&impl->d_l_vec_indices, &impl->d_t_indices, &impl->d_t_offsets, &d_u, &d_v};
286 
287             CeedCallBackend(CeedRunKernel_Cuda(ceed, impl->ApplyUnorientedTranspose, grid, block_size, args));
288           }
289         }
290       } break;
291     }
292   }
293 
294   if (request != CEED_REQUEST_IMMEDIATE && request != CEED_REQUEST_ORDERED) *request = NULL;
295 
296   // Restore arrays
297   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorRestoreArrayRead(u, &d_u));
298   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorRestoreArray(v, &d_v));
299   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
300 }
301 
302 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
303 // Apply restriction
304 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
305 static int CeedElemRestrictionApply_Cuda(CeedElemRestriction rstr, CeedTransposeMode t_mode, CeedVector u, CeedVector v, CeedRequest *request) {
306   return CeedElemRestrictionApply_Cuda_Core(rstr, t_mode, true, true, u, v, request);
307 }
308 
309 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
310 // Apply unsigned restriction
311 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
312 static int CeedElemRestrictionApplyUnsigned_Cuda(CeedElemRestriction rstr, CeedTransposeMode t_mode, CeedVector u, CeedVector v,
313                                                  CeedRequest *request) {
314   return CeedElemRestrictionApply_Cuda_Core(rstr, t_mode, false, true, u, v, request);
315 }
316 
317 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
318 // Apply unoriented restriction
319 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
320 static int CeedElemRestrictionApplyUnoriented_Cuda(CeedElemRestriction rstr, CeedTransposeMode t_mode, CeedVector u, CeedVector v,
321                                                    CeedRequest *request) {
322   return CeedElemRestrictionApply_Cuda_Core(rstr, t_mode, false, false, u, v, request);
323 }
324 
325 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
326 // Get offsets
327 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
328 static int CeedElemRestrictionGetOffsets_Cuda(CeedElemRestriction rstr, CeedMemType mem_type, const CeedInt **offsets) {
329   CeedElemRestriction_Cuda *impl;
330   CeedRestrictionType       rstr_type;
331 
332   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetData(rstr, &impl));
333   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetType(rstr, &rstr_type));
334   switch (mem_type) {
335     case CEED_MEM_HOST:
336       *offsets = rstr_type == CEED_RESTRICTION_POINTS ? impl->h_offsets_at_points : impl->h_offsets;
337       break;
338     case CEED_MEM_DEVICE:
339       *offsets = rstr_type == CEED_RESTRICTION_POINTS ? impl->d_offsets_at_points : impl->d_offsets;
340       break;
341   }
342   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
343 }
344 
345 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
346 // Get orientations
347 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
348 static int CeedElemRestrictionGetOrientations_Cuda(CeedElemRestriction rstr, CeedMemType mem_type, const bool **orients) {
349   CeedElemRestriction_Cuda *impl;
350   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetData(rstr, &impl));
351 
352   switch (mem_type) {
353     case CEED_MEM_HOST:
354       *orients = impl->h_orients;
355       break;
356     case CEED_MEM_DEVICE:
357       *orients = impl->d_orients;
358       break;
359   }
360   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
361 }
362 
363 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
364 // Get curl-conforming orientations
365 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
366 static int CeedElemRestrictionGetCurlOrientations_Cuda(CeedElemRestriction rstr, CeedMemType mem_type, const CeedInt8 **curl_orients) {
367   CeedElemRestriction_Cuda *impl;
368   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetData(rstr, &impl));
369 
370   switch (mem_type) {
371     case CEED_MEM_HOST:
372       *curl_orients = impl->h_curl_orients;
373       break;
374     case CEED_MEM_DEVICE:
375       *curl_orients = impl->d_curl_orients;
376       break;
377   }
378   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
379 }
380 
381 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
382 // Get offset for padded AtPoints E-layout
383 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
384 static int CeedElemRestrictionGetAtPointsElementOffset_Cuda(CeedElemRestriction rstr, CeedInt elem, CeedSize *elem_offset) {
385   CeedInt layout[3];
386 
387   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetELayout(rstr, layout));
388   *elem_offset = 0 * layout[0] + 0 * layout[1] + elem * layout[2];
389   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
390 }
391 
392 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
393 // Destroy restriction
394 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
395 static int CeedElemRestrictionDestroy_Cuda(CeedElemRestriction rstr) {
396   Ceed                      ceed;
397   CeedElemRestriction_Cuda *impl;
398 
399   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetData(rstr, &impl));
400   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetCeed(rstr, &ceed));
401   if (impl->module) {
402     CeedCallCuda(ceed, cuModuleUnload(impl->module));
403   }
404   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&impl->h_offsets_owned));
405   CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaFree((CeedInt *)impl->d_offsets_owned));
406   CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaFree((CeedInt *)impl->d_t_offsets));
407   CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaFree((CeedInt *)impl->d_t_indices));
408   CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaFree((CeedInt *)impl->d_l_vec_indices));
409   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&impl->h_orients_owned));
410   CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaFree((bool *)impl->d_orients_owned));
411   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&impl->h_curl_orients_owned));
412   CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaFree((CeedInt8 *)impl->d_curl_orients_owned));
413   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&impl->h_offsets_at_points_owned));
414   CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaFree((CeedInt *)impl->d_offsets_at_points_owned));
415   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&impl));
416   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
417 }
418 
419 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
420 // Create transpose offsets and indices
421 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
422 static int CeedElemRestrictionOffset_Cuda(const CeedElemRestriction rstr, const CeedInt elem_size, const CeedInt *indices) {
423   Ceed                      ceed;
424   bool                     *is_node;
425   CeedSize                  l_size;
426   CeedInt                   num_elem, num_comp, num_nodes = 0;
427   CeedInt                  *ind_to_offset, *l_vec_indices, *t_offsets, *t_indices;
428   CeedRestrictionType       rstr_type;
429   CeedElemRestriction_Cuda *impl;
430 
431   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetCeed(rstr, &ceed));
432   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetData(rstr, &impl));
433   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetNumElements(rstr, &num_elem));
434   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetType(rstr, &rstr_type));
435   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetLVectorSize(rstr, &l_size));
436   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetNumComponents(rstr, &num_comp));
437   const CeedInt size_indices = num_elem * elem_size;
438 
439   // Count num_nodes
440   CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(l_size, &is_node));
441 
442   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < size_indices; i++) is_node[indices[i]] = 1;
443   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < l_size; i++) num_nodes += is_node[i];
444   impl->num_nodes = num_nodes;
445 
446   // L-vector offsets array
447   CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(l_size, &ind_to_offset));
448   CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(num_nodes, &l_vec_indices));
449   for (CeedInt i = 0, j = 0; i < l_size; i++) {
450     if (is_node[i]) {
451       l_vec_indices[j] = i;
452       ind_to_offset[i] = j++;
453     }
454   }
455   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&is_node));
456 
457   // Compute transpose offsets and indices
458   const CeedInt size_offsets = num_nodes + 1;
459 
460   CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(size_offsets, &t_offsets));
461   CeedCallBackend(CeedMalloc(size_indices, &t_indices));
462   // Count node multiplicity
463   for (CeedInt e = 0; e < num_elem; ++e) {
464     for (CeedInt i = 0; i < elem_size; ++i) ++t_offsets[ind_to_offset[indices[elem_size * e + i]] + 1];
465   }
466   // Convert to running sum
467   for (CeedInt i = 1; i < size_offsets; ++i) t_offsets[i] += t_offsets[i - 1];
468   // List all E-vec indices associated with L-vec node
469   for (CeedInt e = 0; e < num_elem; ++e) {
470     for (CeedInt i = 0; i < elem_size; ++i) {
471       const CeedInt lid = elem_size * e + i;
472       const CeedInt gid = indices[lid];
473 
474       t_indices[t_offsets[ind_to_offset[gid]]++] = lid;
475     }
476   }
477   // Reset running sum
478   for (int i = size_offsets - 1; i > 0; --i) t_offsets[i] = t_offsets[i - 1];
479   t_offsets[0] = 0;
480 
481   // Copy data to device
482   // -- L-vector indices
483   CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaMalloc((void **)&impl->d_l_vec_indices, num_nodes * sizeof(CeedInt)));
484   CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaMemcpy((CeedInt *)impl->d_l_vec_indices, l_vec_indices, num_nodes * sizeof(CeedInt), cudaMemcpyHostToDevice));
485   // -- Transpose offsets
486   CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaMalloc((void **)&impl->d_t_offsets, size_offsets * sizeof(CeedInt)));
487   CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaMemcpy((CeedInt *)impl->d_t_offsets, t_offsets, size_offsets * sizeof(CeedInt), cudaMemcpyHostToDevice));
488   // -- Transpose indices
489   CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaMalloc((void **)&impl->d_t_indices, size_indices * sizeof(CeedInt)));
490   CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaMemcpy((CeedInt *)impl->d_t_indices, t_indices, size_indices * sizeof(CeedInt), cudaMemcpyHostToDevice));
491 
492   // Cleanup
493   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&ind_to_offset));
494   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&l_vec_indices));
495   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&t_offsets));
496   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&t_indices));
497   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
498 }
499 
500 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
501 // Create restriction
502 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
503 int CeedElemRestrictionCreate_Cuda(CeedMemType mem_type, CeedCopyMode copy_mode, const CeedInt *offsets, const bool *orients,
504                                    const CeedInt8 *curl_orients, CeedElemRestriction rstr) {
505   Ceed                      ceed, ceed_parent;
506   bool                      is_deterministic;
507   CeedInt                   num_elem, num_comp, elem_size;
508   CeedRestrictionType       rstr_type;
509   CeedElemRestriction_Cuda *impl;
510 
511   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetCeed(rstr, &ceed));
512   CeedCallBackend(CeedGetParent(ceed, &ceed_parent));
513   CeedCallBackend(CeedIsDeterministic(ceed_parent, &is_deterministic));
514   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetNumElements(rstr, &num_elem));
515   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetNumComponents(rstr, &num_comp));
516   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetElementSize(rstr, &elem_size));
517   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetType(rstr, &rstr_type));
518   // Use max number of points as elem size for AtPoints restrictions
519   if (rstr_type == CEED_RESTRICTION_POINTS) {
520     CeedInt max_points = 0;
521 
522     for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_elem; i++) {
523       max_points = CeedIntMax(max_points, offsets[i + 1] - offsets[i]);
524     }
525     elem_size = max_points;
526   }
527   const CeedInt size = num_elem * elem_size;
528 
529   CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(1, &impl));
530   impl->num_nodes = size;
531   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionSetData(rstr, impl));
532 
533   // Set layouts
534   {
535     bool    has_backend_strides;
536     CeedInt layout[3] = {1, size, elem_size};
537 
538     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionSetELayout(rstr, layout));
539     if (rstr_type == CEED_RESTRICTION_STRIDED) {
540       CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionHasBackendStrides(rstr, &has_backend_strides));
541       if (has_backend_strides) {
542         CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionSetLLayout(rstr, layout));
543       }
544     }
545   }
546 
547   // Pad AtPoints indices
548   if (rstr_type == CEED_RESTRICTION_POINTS) {
549     CeedSize offsets_len = elem_size * num_elem, at_points_size = num_elem + 1;
550     CeedInt  max_points = elem_size, *offsets_padded;
551 
552     CeedCheck(mem_type == CEED_MEM_HOST, ceed, CEED_ERROR_BACKEND, "only MemType Host supported when creating AtPoints restriction");
553     CeedCallBackend(CeedMalloc(offsets_len, &offsets_padded));
554     for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_elem; i++) {
555       CeedInt num_points = offsets[i + 1] - offsets[i];
556 
557       at_points_size += num_points;
558       // -- Copy all points in element
559       for (CeedInt j = 0; j < num_points; j++) {
560         offsets_padded[i * max_points + j] = offsets[offsets[i] + j];
561       }
562       // -- Replicate out last point in element
563       for (CeedInt j = num_points; j < max_points; j++) {
564         offsets_padded[i * max_points + j] = offsets[offsets[i] + num_points - 1];
565       }
566     }
567     CeedCallBackend(CeedSetHostCeedIntArray(offsets, copy_mode, at_points_size, &impl->h_offsets_at_points_owned, &impl->h_offsets_at_points_borrowed,
568                                             &impl->h_offsets_at_points));
569     CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaMalloc((void **)&impl->d_offsets_at_points_owned, at_points_size * sizeof(CeedInt)));
570     CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaMemcpy((CeedInt **)impl->d_offsets_at_points_owned, impl->h_offsets_at_points, at_points_size * sizeof(CeedInt),
571                                   cudaMemcpyHostToDevice));
572     impl->d_offsets_at_points = (CeedInt *)impl->d_offsets_at_points_owned;
573 
574     // -- Use padded offsets for the rest of the setup
575     offsets   = (const CeedInt *)offsets_padded;
576     copy_mode = CEED_OWN_POINTER;
577     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionSetAtPointsEVectorSize(rstr, at_points_size * num_comp));
578   }
579 
580   // Set up device offset/orientation arrays
581   if (rstr_type != CEED_RESTRICTION_STRIDED) {
582     switch (mem_type) {
583       case CEED_MEM_HOST: {
584         CeedCallBackend(CeedSetHostCeedIntArray(offsets, copy_mode, size, &impl->h_offsets_owned, &impl->h_offsets_borrowed, &impl->h_offsets));
585         CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaMalloc((void **)&impl->d_offsets_owned, size * sizeof(CeedInt)));
586         CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaMemcpy((CeedInt *)impl->d_offsets_owned, impl->h_offsets, size * sizeof(CeedInt), cudaMemcpyHostToDevice));
587         impl->d_offsets = (CeedInt *)impl->d_offsets_owned;
588         if (is_deterministic) CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionOffset_Cuda(rstr, elem_size, offsets));
589       } break;
590       case CEED_MEM_DEVICE: {
591         CeedCallBackend(CeedSetDeviceCeedIntArray_Cuda(ceed, offsets, copy_mode, size, &impl->d_offsets_owned, &impl->d_offsets_borrowed,
592                                                        (const CeedInt **)&impl->d_offsets));
593         CeedCallBackend(CeedMalloc(size, &impl->h_offsets_owned));
594         CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaMemcpy((CeedInt *)impl->h_offsets_owned, impl->d_offsets, size * sizeof(CeedInt), cudaMemcpyDeviceToHost));
595         impl->h_offsets = impl->h_offsets_owned;
596         if (is_deterministic) CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionOffset_Cuda(rstr, elem_size, offsets));
597       } break;
598     }
599 
600     // Orientation data
601     if (rstr_type == CEED_RESTRICTION_ORIENTED) {
602       switch (mem_type) {
603         case CEED_MEM_HOST: {
604           CeedCallBackend(CeedSetHostBoolArray(orients, copy_mode, size, &impl->h_orients_owned, &impl->h_orients_borrowed, &impl->h_orients));
605           CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaMalloc((void **)&impl->d_orients_owned, size * sizeof(bool)));
606           CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaMemcpy((bool *)impl->d_orients_owned, impl->h_orients, size * sizeof(bool), cudaMemcpyHostToDevice));
607           impl->d_orients = impl->d_orients_owned;
608         } break;
609         case CEED_MEM_DEVICE: {
610           CeedCallBackend(CeedSetDeviceBoolArray_Cuda(ceed, orients, copy_mode, size, &impl->d_orients_owned, &impl->d_orients_borrowed,
611                                                       (const bool **)&impl->d_orients));
612           CeedCallBackend(CeedMalloc(size, &impl->h_orients_owned));
613           CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaMemcpy((bool *)impl->h_orients_owned, impl->d_orients, size * sizeof(bool), cudaMemcpyDeviceToHost));
614           impl->h_orients = impl->h_orients_owned;
615         } break;
616       }
617     } else if (rstr_type == CEED_RESTRICTION_CURL_ORIENTED) {
618       switch (mem_type) {
619         case CEED_MEM_HOST: {
620           CeedCallBackend(CeedSetHostCeedInt8Array(curl_orients, copy_mode, 3 * size, &impl->h_curl_orients_owned, &impl->h_curl_orients_borrowed,
621                                                    &impl->h_curl_orients));
622           CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaMalloc((void **)&impl->d_curl_orients_owned, 3 * size * sizeof(CeedInt8)));
623           CeedCallCuda(ceed,
624                        cudaMemcpy((CeedInt8 *)impl->d_curl_orients_owned, impl->h_curl_orients, 3 * size * sizeof(CeedInt8), cudaMemcpyHostToDevice));
625           impl->d_curl_orients = impl->d_curl_orients_owned;
626         } break;
627         case CEED_MEM_DEVICE: {
628           CeedCallBackend(CeedSetDeviceCeedInt8Array_Cuda(ceed, curl_orients, copy_mode, 3 * size, &impl->d_curl_orients_owned,
629                                                           &impl->d_curl_orients_borrowed, (const CeedInt8 **)&impl->d_curl_orients));
630           CeedCallBackend(CeedMalloc(3 * size, &impl->h_curl_orients_owned));
631           CeedCallCuda(ceed,
632                        cudaMemcpy((CeedInt8 *)impl->h_curl_orients_owned, impl->d_curl_orients, 3 * size * sizeof(CeedInt8), cudaMemcpyDeviceToHost));
633           impl->h_curl_orients = impl->h_curl_orients_owned;
634         } break;
635       }
636     }
637   }
638 
639   // Register backend functions
640   CeedCallBackend(CeedSetBackendFunction(ceed, "ElemRestriction", rstr, "Apply", CeedElemRestrictionApply_Cuda));
641   CeedCallBackend(CeedSetBackendFunction(ceed, "ElemRestriction", rstr, "ApplyUnsigned", CeedElemRestrictionApplyUnsigned_Cuda));
642   CeedCallBackend(CeedSetBackendFunction(ceed, "ElemRestriction", rstr, "ApplyUnoriented", CeedElemRestrictionApplyUnoriented_Cuda));
643   CeedCallBackend(CeedSetBackendFunction(ceed, "ElemRestriction", rstr, "GetOffsets", CeedElemRestrictionGetOffsets_Cuda));
644   CeedCallBackend(CeedSetBackendFunction(ceed, "ElemRestriction", rstr, "GetOrientations", CeedElemRestrictionGetOrientations_Cuda));
645   CeedCallBackend(CeedSetBackendFunction(ceed, "ElemRestriction", rstr, "GetCurlOrientations", CeedElemRestrictionGetCurlOrientations_Cuda));
646   if (rstr_type == CEED_RESTRICTION_POINTS) {
647     CeedCallBackend(
648         CeedSetBackendFunction(ceed, "ElemRestriction", rstr, "GetAtPointsElementOffset", CeedElemRestrictionGetAtPointsElementOffset_Cuda));
649   }
650   CeedCallBackend(CeedSetBackendFunction(ceed, "ElemRestriction", rstr, "Destroy", CeedElemRestrictionDestroy_Cuda));
651   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
652 }
653 
654 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
655