xref: /libCEED/backends/cuda-shared/ceed-cuda-shared-basis.c (revision 4ed2b27715919084fc6a9c0e6a05a1e8adc518b8)
1 // Copyright (c) 2017-2024, Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC and other CEED contributors.
2 // All Rights Reserved. See the top-level LICENSE and NOTICE files for details.
3 //
4 // SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
5 //
6 // This file is part of CEED:  http://github.com/ceed
7 
8 #include <ceed.h>
9 #include <ceed/backend.h>
10 #include <ceed/jit-tools.h>
11 #include <cuda.h>
12 #include <cuda_runtime.h>
13 #include <stdbool.h>
14 #include <stddef.h>
15 #include <string.h>
16 
17 #include "../cuda/ceed-cuda-common.h"
18 #include "../cuda/ceed-cuda-compile.h"
19 #include "ceed-cuda-shared.h"
20 
21 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
22 // Apply tensor basis
23 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
24 static int CeedBasisApplyTensorCore_Cuda_shared(CeedBasis basis, bool apply_add, const CeedInt num_elem, CeedTransposeMode t_mode,
25                                                 CeedEvalMode eval_mode, CeedVector u, CeedVector v) {
26   Ceed                   ceed;
27   Ceed_Cuda             *ceed_Cuda;
28   CeedInt                dim, num_comp;
29   const CeedScalar      *d_u;
30   CeedScalar            *d_v;
31   CeedBasis_Cuda_shared *data;
32 
33   CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetCeed(basis, &ceed));
34   CeedCallBackend(CeedGetData(ceed, &ceed_Cuda));
35   CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetData(basis, &data));
36   CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetDimension(basis, &dim));
37   CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumComponents(basis, &num_comp));
38 
39   // Get read/write access to u, v
40   if (u != CEED_VECTOR_NONE) CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetArrayRead(u, CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &d_u));
41   else CeedCheck(eval_mode == CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT, ceed, CEED_ERROR_BACKEND, "An input vector is required for this CeedEvalMode");
42   if (apply_add) {
43     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetArray(v, CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &d_v));
44   } else {
45     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetArrayWrite(v, CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &d_v));
46   }
47 
48   // Apply basis operation
49   switch (eval_mode) {
50     case CEED_EVAL_INTERP: {
51       CeedInt P_1d, Q_1d;
52 
53       CeedCheck(data->d_interp_1d, ceed, CEED_ERROR_BACKEND, "%s not supported; interp_1d not set", CeedEvalModes[eval_mode]);
54       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumNodes1D(basis, &P_1d));
55       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadraturePoints1D(basis, &Q_1d));
56       CeedInt thread_1d = CeedIntMax(Q_1d, P_1d);
57 
58       void *interp_args[] = {(void *)&num_elem, &data->d_interp_1d, &d_u, &d_v};
59 
60       if (dim == 1) {
61         // avoid >512 total threads
62         CeedInt elems_per_block = CeedIntMin(ceed_Cuda->device_prop.maxThreadsDim[2], CeedIntMax(512 / thread_1d, 1));
63         CeedInt grid            = num_elem / elems_per_block + (num_elem % elems_per_block > 0);
64         CeedInt shared_mem      = elems_per_block * thread_1d * sizeof(CeedScalar);
65 
66         if (t_mode == CEED_TRANSPOSE) {
67           CeedCallBackend(CeedRunKernelDimShared_Cuda(ceed, apply_add ? data->InterpTransposeAdd : data->InterpTranspose, NULL, grid, thread_1d, 1,
68                                                       elems_per_block, shared_mem, interp_args));
69         } else {
70           CeedCallBackend(CeedRunKernelDimShared_Cuda(ceed, data->Interp, NULL, grid, thread_1d, 1, elems_per_block, shared_mem, interp_args));
71         }
72       } else if (dim == 2) {
73         const CeedInt opt_elems[7] = {0, 32, 8, 6, 4, 2, 8};
74         // elems_per_block must be at least 1
75         CeedInt elems_per_block = CeedIntMax(thread_1d < 7 ? opt_elems[thread_1d] / num_comp : 1, 1);
76         CeedInt grid            = num_elem / elems_per_block + (num_elem % elems_per_block > 0);
77         CeedInt shared_mem      = elems_per_block * thread_1d * thread_1d * sizeof(CeedScalar);
78 
79         if (t_mode == CEED_TRANSPOSE) {
80           CeedCallBackend(CeedRunKernelDimShared_Cuda(ceed, apply_add ? data->InterpTransposeAdd : data->InterpTranspose, NULL, grid, thread_1d,
81                                                       thread_1d, elems_per_block, shared_mem, interp_args));
82         } else {
83           CeedCallBackend(
84               CeedRunKernelDimShared_Cuda(ceed, data->Interp, NULL, grid, thread_1d, thread_1d, elems_per_block, shared_mem, interp_args));
85         }
86       } else if (dim == 3) {
87         CeedInt elems_per_block = 1;
88         CeedInt grid            = num_elem / elems_per_block + (num_elem % elems_per_block > 0);
89         CeedInt shared_mem      = elems_per_block * thread_1d * thread_1d * sizeof(CeedScalar);
90 
91         if (t_mode == CEED_TRANSPOSE) {
92           CeedCallBackend(CeedRunKernelDimShared_Cuda(ceed, apply_add ? data->InterpTransposeAdd : data->InterpTranspose, NULL, grid, thread_1d,
93                                                       thread_1d, elems_per_block, shared_mem, interp_args));
94         } else {
95           CeedCallBackend(
96               CeedRunKernelDimShared_Cuda(ceed, data->Interp, NULL, grid, thread_1d, thread_1d, elems_per_block, shared_mem, interp_args));
97         }
98       }
99     } break;
100     case CEED_EVAL_GRAD: {
101       CeedInt P_1d, Q_1d;
102 
103       CeedCheck(data->d_grad_1d, ceed, CEED_ERROR_BACKEND, "%s not supported; grad_1d not set", CeedEvalModes[eval_mode]);
104       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumNodes1D(basis, &P_1d));
105       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadraturePoints1D(basis, &Q_1d));
106       CeedInt     thread_1d = CeedIntMax(Q_1d, P_1d);
107       CeedScalar *d_grad_1d = data->d_grad_1d;
108 
109       if (data->d_collo_grad_1d) {
110         d_grad_1d = data->d_collo_grad_1d;
111       }
112       void *grad_args[] = {(void *)&num_elem, &data->d_interp_1d, &d_grad_1d, &d_u, &d_v};
113 
114       if (dim == 1) {
115         // avoid >512 total threads
116         CeedInt elems_per_block = CeedIntMin(ceed_Cuda->device_prop.maxThreadsDim[2], CeedIntMax(512 / thread_1d, 1));
117         CeedInt grid            = num_elem / elems_per_block + (num_elem % elems_per_block > 0);
118         CeedInt shared_mem      = elems_per_block * thread_1d * sizeof(CeedScalar);
119 
120         if (t_mode == CEED_TRANSPOSE) {
121           CeedCallBackend(CeedRunKernelDimShared_Cuda(ceed, apply_add ? data->GradTransposeAdd : data->GradTranspose, NULL, grid, thread_1d, 1,
122                                                       elems_per_block, shared_mem, grad_args));
123         } else {
124           CeedCallBackend(CeedRunKernelDimShared_Cuda(ceed, data->Grad, NULL, grid, thread_1d, 1, elems_per_block, shared_mem, grad_args));
125         }
126       } else if (dim == 2) {
127         const CeedInt opt_elems[7] = {0, 32, 8, 6, 4, 2, 8};
128         // elems_per_block must be at least 1
129         CeedInt elems_per_block = CeedIntMax(thread_1d < 7 ? opt_elems[thread_1d] / num_comp : 1, 1);
130         CeedInt grid            = num_elem / elems_per_block + (num_elem % elems_per_block > 0);
131         CeedInt shared_mem      = elems_per_block * thread_1d * thread_1d * sizeof(CeedScalar);
132 
133         if (t_mode == CEED_TRANSPOSE) {
134           CeedCallBackend(CeedRunKernelDimShared_Cuda(ceed, apply_add ? data->GradTransposeAdd : data->GradTranspose, NULL, grid, thread_1d,
135                                                       thread_1d, elems_per_block, shared_mem, grad_args));
136         } else {
137           CeedCallBackend(CeedRunKernelDimShared_Cuda(ceed, data->Grad, NULL, grid, thread_1d, thread_1d, elems_per_block, shared_mem, grad_args));
138         }
139       } else if (dim == 3) {
140         CeedInt elems_per_block = 1;
141         CeedInt grid            = num_elem / elems_per_block + (num_elem % elems_per_block > 0);
142         CeedInt shared_mem      = elems_per_block * thread_1d * thread_1d * sizeof(CeedScalar);
143 
144         if (t_mode == CEED_TRANSPOSE) {
145           CeedCallBackend(CeedRunKernelDimShared_Cuda(ceed, apply_add ? data->GradTransposeAdd : data->GradTranspose, NULL, grid, thread_1d,
146                                                       thread_1d, elems_per_block, shared_mem, grad_args));
147         } else {
148           CeedCallBackend(CeedRunKernelDimShared_Cuda(ceed, data->Grad, NULL, grid, thread_1d, thread_1d, elems_per_block, shared_mem, grad_args));
149         }
150       }
151     } break;
152     case CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT: {
153       CeedInt Q_1d;
154       CeedInt block_size = 32;
155 
156       CeedCheck(data->d_q_weight_1d, ceed, CEED_ERROR_BACKEND, "%s not supported; q_weights_1d not set", CeedEvalModes[eval_mode]);
157       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadraturePoints1D(basis, &Q_1d));
158       void *weight_args[] = {(void *)&num_elem, (void *)&data->d_q_weight_1d, &d_v};
159       if (dim == 1) {
160         const CeedInt elems_per_block = block_size / Q_1d;
161         const CeedInt grid_size       = num_elem / elems_per_block + (num_elem % elems_per_block > 0);
162 
163         CeedCallBackend(CeedRunKernelDim_Cuda(ceed, data->Weight, grid_size, Q_1d, elems_per_block, 1, weight_args));
164       } else if (dim == 2) {
165         const CeedInt opt_elems       = block_size / (Q_1d * Q_1d);
166         const CeedInt elems_per_block = opt_elems > 0 ? opt_elems : 1;
167         const CeedInt grid_size       = num_elem / elems_per_block + (num_elem % elems_per_block > 0);
168 
169         CeedCallBackend(CeedRunKernelDim_Cuda(ceed, data->Weight, grid_size, Q_1d, Q_1d, elems_per_block, weight_args));
170       } else if (dim == 3) {
171         const CeedInt opt_elems       = block_size / (Q_1d * Q_1d);
172         const CeedInt elems_per_block = opt_elems > 0 ? opt_elems : 1;
173         const CeedInt grid_size       = num_elem / elems_per_block + (num_elem % elems_per_block > 0);
174 
175         CeedCallBackend(CeedRunKernelDim_Cuda(ceed, data->Weight, grid_size, Q_1d, Q_1d, elems_per_block, weight_args));
176       }
177     } break;
178     case CEED_EVAL_NONE: /* handled separately below */
179       break;
180     // LCOV_EXCL_START
181     case CEED_EVAL_DIV:
182     case CEED_EVAL_CURL:
183       return CeedError(ceed, CEED_ERROR_BACKEND, "%s not supported", CeedEvalModes[eval_mode]);
184       // LCOV_EXCL_STOP
185   }
186 
187   // Restore vectors, cover CEED_EVAL_NONE
188   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorRestoreArray(v, &d_v));
189   if (eval_mode == CEED_EVAL_NONE) CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorSetArray(v, CEED_MEM_DEVICE, CEED_COPY_VALUES, (CeedScalar *)d_u));
190   if (eval_mode != CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT) CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorRestoreArrayRead(u, &d_u));
191   CeedCallBackend(CeedDestroy(&ceed));
192   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
193 }
194 
195 static int CeedBasisApplyTensor_Cuda_shared(CeedBasis basis, const CeedInt num_elem, CeedTransposeMode t_mode, CeedEvalMode eval_mode, CeedVector u,
196                                             CeedVector v) {
197   CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisApplyTensorCore_Cuda_shared(basis, false, num_elem, t_mode, eval_mode, u, v));
198   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
199 }
200 
201 static int CeedBasisApplyAddTensor_Cuda_shared(CeedBasis basis, const CeedInt num_elem, CeedTransposeMode t_mode, CeedEvalMode eval_mode,
202                                                CeedVector u, CeedVector v) {
203   CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisApplyTensorCore_Cuda_shared(basis, true, num_elem, t_mode, eval_mode, u, v));
204   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
205 }
206 
207 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
208 // Basis apply - tensor AtPoints
209 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
210 static int CeedBasisApplyAtPointsCore_Cuda_shared(CeedBasis basis, bool apply_add, const CeedInt num_elem, const CeedInt *num_points,
211                                                   CeedTransposeMode t_mode, CeedEvalMode eval_mode, CeedVector x_ref, CeedVector u, CeedVector v) {
212   Ceed                   ceed;
213   Ceed_Cuda             *ceed_Cuda;
214   CeedInt                Q_1d, dim, num_comp, max_num_points = num_points[0];
215   const CeedInt          is_transpose = t_mode == CEED_TRANSPOSE;
216   const CeedScalar      *d_x, *d_u;
217   CeedScalar            *d_v;
218   CeedBasis_Cuda_shared *data;
219 
220   CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetData(basis, &data));
221   CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadraturePoints1D(basis, &Q_1d));
222   CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetDimension(basis, &dim));
223   CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumComponents(basis, &num_comp));
224 
225   // Weight handled separately
226   if (eval_mode == CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT) {
227     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorSetValue(v, 1.0));
228     return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
229   }
230 
231   CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetCeed(basis, &ceed));
232   CeedCallBackend(CeedGetData(ceed, &ceed_Cuda));
233 
234   // Check padded to uniform number of points per elem
235   for (CeedInt i = 1; i < num_elem; i++) max_num_points = CeedIntMax(max_num_points, num_points[i]);
236   {
237     CeedInt  q_comp;
238     CeedSize len, len_required;
239     CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadratureComponents(basis, eval_mode, &q_comp));
240     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetLength(is_transpose ? u : v, &len));
241     len_required = (CeedSize)num_comp * (CeedSize)q_comp * (CeedSize)num_elem * (CeedSize)max_num_points;
242     CeedCheck(len >= len_required, ceed, CEED_ERROR_BACKEND,
243               "Vector at points must be padded to the same number of points in each element for BasisApplyAtPoints on GPU backends."
244               " Found %" CeedSize_FMT ", Required %" CeedSize_FMT,
245               len, len_required);
246   }
247 
248   // Move num_points array to device
249   if (is_transpose) {
250     const CeedInt num_bytes = num_elem * sizeof(CeedInt);
251 
252     if (num_elem != data->num_elem_at_points) {
253       data->num_elem_at_points = num_elem;
254 
255       if (data->d_points_per_elem) CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaFree(data->d_points_per_elem));
256       CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaMalloc((void **)&data->d_points_per_elem, num_bytes));
257       CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&data->h_points_per_elem));
258       CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(num_elem, &data->h_points_per_elem));
259     }
260     if (memcmp(data->h_points_per_elem, num_points, num_bytes)) {
261       memcpy(data->h_points_per_elem, num_points, num_bytes);
262       CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaMemcpy(data->d_points_per_elem, num_points, num_bytes, cudaMemcpyHostToDevice));
263     }
264   }
265 
266   // Build kernels if needed
267   if (data->num_points != max_num_points) {
268     CeedInt P_1d;
269 
270     CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumNodes1D(basis, &P_1d));
271     data->num_points = max_num_points;
272 
273     // -- Create interp matrix to Chebyshev coefficients
274     if (!data->d_chebyshev_interp_1d) {
275       CeedSize    interp_bytes;
276       CeedScalar *chebyshev_interp_1d;
277 
278       interp_bytes = P_1d * Q_1d * sizeof(CeedScalar);
279       CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(P_1d * Q_1d, &chebyshev_interp_1d));
280       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetChebyshevInterp1D(basis, chebyshev_interp_1d));
281       CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaMalloc((void **)&data->d_chebyshev_interp_1d, interp_bytes));
282       CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaMemcpy(data->d_chebyshev_interp_1d, chebyshev_interp_1d, interp_bytes, cudaMemcpyHostToDevice));
283       CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&chebyshev_interp_1d));
284     }
285 
286     // -- Compile kernels
287     const char basis_kernel_source[] = "// AtPoints basis source\n#include <ceed/jit-source/cuda/cuda-shared-basis-tensor-at-points.h>\n";
288     CeedInt    num_comp;
289 
290     if (data->moduleAtPoints) CeedCallCuda(ceed, cuModuleUnload(data->moduleAtPoints));
291     CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumComponents(basis, &num_comp));
292     CeedCallBackend(CeedCompile_Cuda(ceed, basis_kernel_source, &data->moduleAtPoints, 8, "BASIS_Q_1D", Q_1d, "BASIS_P_1D", P_1d, "T_1D",
293                                      CeedIntMax(Q_1d, P_1d), "BASIS_DIM", dim, "BASIS_NUM_COMP", num_comp, "BASIS_NUM_NODES", CeedIntPow(P_1d, dim),
294                                      "BASIS_NUM_QPTS", CeedIntPow(Q_1d, dim), "BASIS_NUM_PTS", max_num_points));
295     CeedCallBackend(CeedGetKernel_Cuda(ceed, data->moduleAtPoints, "InterpAtPoints", &data->InterpAtPoints));
296     CeedCallBackend(CeedGetKernel_Cuda(ceed, data->moduleAtPoints, "InterpTransposeAtPoints", &data->InterpTransposeAtPoints));
297     CeedCallBackend(CeedGetKernel_Cuda(ceed, data->moduleAtPoints, "InterpTransposeAddAtPoints", &data->InterpTransposeAddAtPoints));
298     CeedCallBackend(CeedGetKernel_Cuda(ceed, data->moduleAtPoints, "GradAtPoints", &data->GradAtPoints));
299     CeedCallBackend(CeedGetKernel_Cuda(ceed, data->moduleAtPoints, "GradTransposeAtPoints", &data->GradTransposeAtPoints));
300     CeedCallBackend(CeedGetKernel_Cuda(ceed, data->moduleAtPoints, "GradTransposeAddAtPoints", &data->GradTransposeAddAtPoints));
301   }
302 
303   // Get read/write access to u, v
304   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetArrayRead(x_ref, CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &d_x));
305   if (u != CEED_VECTOR_NONE) CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetArrayRead(u, CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &d_u));
306   else CeedCheck(eval_mode == CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT, ceed, CEED_ERROR_BACKEND, "An input vector is required for this CeedEvalMode");
307   if (apply_add) {
308     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetArray(v, CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &d_v));
309   } else {
310     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetArrayWrite(v, CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &d_v));
311   }
312 
313   // Basis action
314   switch (eval_mode) {
315     case CEED_EVAL_INTERP: {
316       CeedInt P_1d, Q_1d;
317 
318       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumNodes1D(basis, &P_1d));
319       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadraturePoints1D(basis, &Q_1d));
320       CeedInt thread_1d = CeedIntMax(Q_1d, P_1d);
321 
322       void *interp_args[] = {(void *)&num_elem, &data->d_chebyshev_interp_1d, &data->d_points_per_elem, &d_x, &d_u, &d_v};
323 
324       if (dim == 1) {
325         // avoid >512 total threads
326         CeedInt elems_per_block = CeedIntMin(ceed_Cuda->device_prop.maxThreadsDim[2], CeedIntMax(512 / thread_1d, 1));
327         CeedInt grid            = num_elem / elems_per_block + (num_elem % elems_per_block > 0);
328         CeedInt shared_mem      = elems_per_block * thread_1d * sizeof(CeedScalar);
329 
330         if (is_transpose) {
331           CeedCallBackend(CeedRunKernelDimShared_Cuda(ceed, apply_add ? data->InterpTransposeAddAtPoints : data->InterpTransposeAtPoints, NULL, grid,
332                                                       thread_1d, 1, elems_per_block, shared_mem, interp_args));
333         } else {
334           CeedCallBackend(
335               CeedRunKernelDimShared_Cuda(ceed, data->InterpAtPoints, NULL, grid, thread_1d, 1, elems_per_block, shared_mem, interp_args));
336         }
337       } else if (dim == 2) {
338         const CeedInt opt_elems[7] = {0, 32, 8, 6, 4, 2, 8};
339         // elems_per_block must be at least 1
340         CeedInt elems_per_block = CeedIntMax(thread_1d < 7 ? opt_elems[thread_1d] / num_comp : 1, 1);
341         CeedInt grid            = num_elem / elems_per_block + (num_elem % elems_per_block > 0);
342         CeedInt shared_mem      = elems_per_block * thread_1d * thread_1d * sizeof(CeedScalar);
343 
344         if (is_transpose) {
345           CeedCallBackend(CeedRunKernelDimShared_Cuda(ceed, apply_add ? data->InterpTransposeAddAtPoints : data->InterpTransposeAtPoints, NULL, grid,
346                                                       thread_1d, thread_1d, elems_per_block, shared_mem, interp_args));
347         } else {
348           CeedCallBackend(
349               CeedRunKernelDimShared_Cuda(ceed, data->InterpAtPoints, NULL, grid, thread_1d, thread_1d, elems_per_block, shared_mem, interp_args));
350         }
351       } else if (dim == 3) {
352         CeedInt elems_per_block = 1;
353         CeedInt grid            = num_elem / elems_per_block + (num_elem % elems_per_block > 0);
354         CeedInt shared_mem      = elems_per_block * thread_1d * thread_1d * sizeof(CeedScalar);
355 
356         if (is_transpose) {
357           CeedCallBackend(CeedRunKernelDimShared_Cuda(ceed, apply_add ? data->InterpTransposeAddAtPoints : data->InterpTransposeAtPoints, NULL, grid,
358                                                       thread_1d, thread_1d, elems_per_block, shared_mem, interp_args));
359         } else {
360           CeedCallBackend(
361               CeedRunKernelDimShared_Cuda(ceed, data->InterpAtPoints, NULL, grid, thread_1d, thread_1d, elems_per_block, shared_mem, interp_args));
362         }
363       }
364     } break;
365     case CEED_EVAL_GRAD: {
366       CeedInt P_1d, Q_1d;
367 
368       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumNodes1D(basis, &P_1d));
369       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadraturePoints1D(basis, &Q_1d));
370       CeedInt thread_1d = CeedIntMax(Q_1d, P_1d);
371 
372       void *grad_args[] = {(void *)&num_elem, &data->d_chebyshev_interp_1d, &data->d_points_per_elem, &d_x, &d_u, &d_v};
373 
374       if (dim == 1) {
375         // avoid >512 total threads
376         CeedInt elems_per_block = CeedIntMin(ceed_Cuda->device_prop.maxThreadsDim[2], CeedIntMax(512 / thread_1d, 1));
377         CeedInt grid            = num_elem / elems_per_block + (num_elem % elems_per_block > 0);
378         CeedInt shared_mem      = elems_per_block * thread_1d * sizeof(CeedScalar);
379 
380         if (is_transpose) {
381           CeedCallBackend(CeedRunKernelDimShared_Cuda(ceed, apply_add ? data->GradTransposeAddAtPoints : data->GradTransposeAtPoints, NULL, grid,
382                                                       thread_1d, 1, elems_per_block, shared_mem, grad_args));
383         } else {
384           CeedCallBackend(CeedRunKernelDimShared_Cuda(ceed, data->GradAtPoints, NULL, grid, thread_1d, 1, elems_per_block, shared_mem, grad_args));
385         }
386       } else if (dim == 2) {
387         const CeedInt opt_elems[7] = {0, 32, 8, 6, 4, 2, 8};
388         // elems_per_block must be at least 1
389         CeedInt elems_per_block = CeedIntMax(thread_1d < 7 ? opt_elems[thread_1d] / num_comp : 1, 1);
390         CeedInt grid            = num_elem / elems_per_block + (num_elem % elems_per_block > 0);
391         CeedInt shared_mem      = elems_per_block * thread_1d * thread_1d * sizeof(CeedScalar);
392 
393         if (is_transpose) {
394           CeedCallBackend(CeedRunKernelDimShared_Cuda(ceed, apply_add ? data->GradTransposeAddAtPoints : data->GradTransposeAtPoints, NULL, grid,
395                                                       thread_1d, thread_1d, elems_per_block, shared_mem, grad_args));
396         } else {
397           CeedCallBackend(
398               CeedRunKernelDimShared_Cuda(ceed, data->GradAtPoints, NULL, grid, thread_1d, thread_1d, elems_per_block, shared_mem, grad_args));
399         }
400       } else if (dim == 3) {
401         CeedInt elems_per_block = 1;
402         CeedInt grid            = num_elem / elems_per_block + (num_elem % elems_per_block > 0);
403         CeedInt shared_mem      = elems_per_block * thread_1d * thread_1d * sizeof(CeedScalar);
404 
405         if (is_transpose) {
406           CeedCallBackend(CeedRunKernelDimShared_Cuda(ceed, apply_add ? data->GradTransposeAddAtPoints : data->GradTransposeAtPoints, NULL, grid,
407                                                       thread_1d, thread_1d, elems_per_block, shared_mem, grad_args));
408         } else {
409           CeedCallBackend(
410               CeedRunKernelDimShared_Cuda(ceed, data->GradAtPoints, NULL, grid, thread_1d, thread_1d, elems_per_block, shared_mem, grad_args));
411         }
412       }
413     } break;
414     case CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT:
415     case CEED_EVAL_NONE: /* handled separately below */
416       break;
417     // LCOV_EXCL_START
418     case CEED_EVAL_DIV:
419     case CEED_EVAL_CURL:
420       return CeedError(ceed, CEED_ERROR_BACKEND, "%s not supported", CeedEvalModes[eval_mode]);
421       // LCOV_EXCL_STOP
422   }
423 
424   // Restore vectors, cover CEED_EVAL_NONE
425   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorRestoreArrayRead(x_ref, &d_x));
426   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorRestoreArray(v, &d_v));
427   if (eval_mode == CEED_EVAL_NONE) CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorSetArray(v, CEED_MEM_DEVICE, CEED_COPY_VALUES, (CeedScalar *)d_u));
428   if (eval_mode != CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT) CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorRestoreArrayRead(u, &d_u));
429   CeedCallBackend(CeedDestroy(&ceed));
430   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
431 }
432 
433 static int CeedBasisApplyAtPoints_Cuda_shared(CeedBasis basis, const CeedInt num_elem, const CeedInt *num_points, CeedTransposeMode t_mode,
434                                               CeedEvalMode eval_mode, CeedVector x_ref, CeedVector u, CeedVector v) {
435   CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisApplyAtPointsCore_Cuda_shared(basis, false, num_elem, num_points, t_mode, eval_mode, x_ref, u, v));
436   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
437 }
438 
439 static int CeedBasisApplyAddAtPoints_Cuda_shared(CeedBasis basis, const CeedInt num_elem, const CeedInt *num_points, CeedTransposeMode t_mode,
440                                                  CeedEvalMode eval_mode, CeedVector x_ref, CeedVector u, CeedVector v) {
441   CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisApplyAtPointsCore_Cuda_shared(basis, true, num_elem, num_points, t_mode, eval_mode, x_ref, u, v));
442   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
443 }
444 
445 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
446 // Apply non-tensor basis
447 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
448 static int CeedBasisApplyNonTensorCore_Cuda_shared(CeedBasis basis, bool apply_add, const CeedInt num_elem, CeedTransposeMode t_mode,
449                                                    CeedEvalMode eval_mode, CeedVector u, CeedVector v) {
450   Ceed                   ceed;
451   Ceed_Cuda             *ceed_Cuda;
452   CeedInt                dim;
453   const CeedScalar      *d_u;
454   CeedScalar            *d_v;
455   CeedBasis_Cuda_shared *data;
456 
457   CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetCeed(basis, &ceed));
458   CeedCallBackend(CeedGetData(ceed, &ceed_Cuda));
459   CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetData(basis, &data));
460   CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetDimension(basis, &dim));
461 
462   // Get read/write access to u, v
463   if (u != CEED_VECTOR_NONE) CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetArrayRead(u, CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &d_u));
464   else CeedCheck(eval_mode == CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT, ceed, CEED_ERROR_BACKEND, "An input vector is required for this CeedEvalMode");
465   if (apply_add) {
466     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetArray(v, CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &d_v));
467   } else {
468     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetArrayWrite(v, CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &d_v));
469   }
470 
471   // Apply basis operation
472   switch (eval_mode) {
473     case CEED_EVAL_INTERP: {
474       CeedInt P, Q;
475 
476       CeedCheck(data->d_interp_1d, ceed, CEED_ERROR_BACKEND, "%s not supported; interp not set", CeedEvalModes[eval_mode]);
477       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumNodes(basis, &P));
478       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadraturePoints(basis, &Q));
479       CeedInt thread = CeedIntMax(Q, P);
480 
481       void *interp_args[] = {(void *)&num_elem, &data->d_interp_1d, &d_u, &d_v};
482 
483       {
484         // avoid >512 total threads
485         CeedInt elems_per_block = CeedIntMin(ceed_Cuda->device_prop.maxThreadsDim[2], CeedIntMax(512 / thread, 1));
486         CeedInt grid            = num_elem / elems_per_block + (num_elem % elems_per_block > 0);
487         CeedInt shared_mem      = elems_per_block * thread * sizeof(CeedScalar);
488 
489         if (t_mode == CEED_TRANSPOSE) {
490           CeedCallBackend(CeedRunKernelDimShared_Cuda(ceed, apply_add ? data->InterpTransposeAdd : data->InterpTranspose, NULL, grid, thread, 1,
491                                                       elems_per_block, shared_mem, interp_args));
492         } else {
493           CeedCallBackend(CeedRunKernelDimShared_Cuda(ceed, data->Interp, NULL, grid, thread, 1, elems_per_block, shared_mem, interp_args));
494         }
495       }
496     } break;
497     case CEED_EVAL_GRAD: {
498       CeedInt P, Q;
499 
500       CeedCheck(data->d_grad_1d, ceed, CEED_ERROR_BACKEND, "%s not supported; grad not set", CeedEvalModes[eval_mode]);
501       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumNodes(basis, &P));
502       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadraturePoints(basis, &Q));
503       CeedInt thread = CeedIntMax(Q, P);
504 
505       void *grad_args[] = {(void *)&num_elem, &data->d_grad_1d, &d_u, &d_v};
506 
507       {
508         // avoid >512 total threads
509         CeedInt elems_per_block = CeedIntMin(ceed_Cuda->device_prop.maxThreadsDim[2], CeedIntMax(512 / thread, 1));
510         CeedInt grid            = num_elem / elems_per_block + (num_elem % elems_per_block > 0);
511         CeedInt shared_mem      = elems_per_block * thread * sizeof(CeedScalar);
512 
513         if (t_mode == CEED_TRANSPOSE) {
514           CeedCallBackend(CeedRunKernelDimShared_Cuda(ceed, apply_add ? data->GradTransposeAdd : data->GradTranspose, NULL, grid, thread, 1,
515                                                       elems_per_block, shared_mem, grad_args));
516         } else {
517           CeedCallBackend(CeedRunKernelDimShared_Cuda(ceed, data->Grad, NULL, grid, thread, 1, elems_per_block, shared_mem, grad_args));
518         }
519       }
520     } break;
521     case CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT: {
522       CeedInt P, Q;
523 
524       CeedCheck(data->d_q_weight_1d, ceed, CEED_ERROR_BACKEND, "%s not supported; q_weights not set", CeedEvalModes[eval_mode]);
525       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumNodes(basis, &P));
526       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadraturePoints(basis, &Q));
527       CeedInt thread = CeedIntMax(Q, P);
528 
529       void *weight_args[] = {(void *)&num_elem, (void *)&data->d_q_weight_1d, &d_v};
530 
531       {
532         // avoid >512 total threads
533         CeedInt elems_per_block = CeedIntMin(ceed_Cuda->device_prop.maxThreadsDim[2], CeedIntMax(512 / thread, 1));
534         CeedInt grid            = num_elem / elems_per_block + (num_elem % elems_per_block > 0);
535 
536         CeedCallBackend(CeedRunKernelDim_Cuda(ceed, data->Weight, grid, thread, elems_per_block, 1, weight_args));
537       }
538     } break;
539     case CEED_EVAL_NONE: /* handled separately below */
540       break;
541     // LCOV_EXCL_START
542     case CEED_EVAL_DIV:
543     case CEED_EVAL_CURL:
544       return CeedError(ceed, CEED_ERROR_BACKEND, "%s not supported", CeedEvalModes[eval_mode]);
545       // LCOV_EXCL_STOP
546   }
547 
548   // Restore vectors, cover CEED_EVAL_NONE
549   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorRestoreArray(v, &d_v));
550   if (eval_mode == CEED_EVAL_NONE) CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorSetArray(v, CEED_MEM_DEVICE, CEED_COPY_VALUES, (CeedScalar *)d_u));
551   if (eval_mode != CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT) CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorRestoreArrayRead(u, &d_u));
552   CeedCallBackend(CeedDestroy(&ceed));
553   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
554 }
555 
556 static int CeedBasisApplyNonTensor_Cuda_shared(CeedBasis basis, const CeedInt num_elem, CeedTransposeMode t_mode, CeedEvalMode eval_mode,
557                                                CeedVector u, CeedVector v) {
558   CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisApplyNonTensorCore_Cuda_shared(basis, false, num_elem, t_mode, eval_mode, u, v));
559   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
560 }
561 
562 static int CeedBasisApplyAddNonTensor_Cuda_shared(CeedBasis basis, const CeedInt num_elem, CeedTransposeMode t_mode, CeedEvalMode eval_mode,
563                                                   CeedVector u, CeedVector v) {
564   CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisApplyNonTensorCore_Cuda_shared(basis, true, num_elem, t_mode, eval_mode, u, v));
565   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
566 }
567 
568 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
569 // Destroy basis
570 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
571 static int CeedBasisDestroy_Cuda_shared(CeedBasis basis) {
572   Ceed                   ceed;
573   CeedBasis_Cuda_shared *data;
574 
575   CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetCeed(basis, &ceed));
576   CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetData(basis, &data));
577   CeedCallCuda(ceed, cuModuleUnload(data->module));
578   if (data->moduleAtPoints) CeedCallCuda(ceed, cuModuleUnload(data->moduleAtPoints));
579   if (data->d_q_weight_1d) CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaFree(data->d_q_weight_1d));
580   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&data->h_points_per_elem));
581   if (data->d_points_per_elem) CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaFree(data->d_points_per_elem));
582   CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaFree(data->d_interp_1d));
583   CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaFree(data->d_grad_1d));
584   CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaFree(data->d_collo_grad_1d));
585   CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaFree(data->d_chebyshev_interp_1d));
586   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&data));
587   CeedCallBackend(CeedDestroy(&ceed));
588   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
589 }
590 
591 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
592 // Create tensor basis
593 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
594 int CeedBasisCreateTensorH1_Cuda_shared(CeedInt dim, CeedInt P_1d, CeedInt Q_1d, const CeedScalar *interp_1d, const CeedScalar *grad_1d,
595                                         const CeedScalar *q_ref_1d, const CeedScalar *q_weight_1d, CeedBasis basis) {
596   Ceed                   ceed;
597   CeedInt                num_comp;
598   const CeedInt          q_bytes      = Q_1d * sizeof(CeedScalar);
599   const CeedInt          interp_bytes = q_bytes * P_1d;
600   CeedBasis_Cuda_shared *data;
601 
602   CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetCeed(basis, &ceed));
603   CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(1, &data));
604 
605   // Copy basis data to GPU
606   if (q_weight_1d) {
607     CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaMalloc((void **)&data->d_q_weight_1d, q_bytes));
608     CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaMemcpy(data->d_q_weight_1d, q_weight_1d, q_bytes, cudaMemcpyHostToDevice));
609   }
610   CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaMalloc((void **)&data->d_interp_1d, interp_bytes));
611   CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaMemcpy(data->d_interp_1d, interp_1d, interp_bytes, cudaMemcpyHostToDevice));
612   CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaMalloc((void **)&data->d_grad_1d, interp_bytes));
613   CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaMemcpy(data->d_grad_1d, grad_1d, interp_bytes, cudaMemcpyHostToDevice));
614 
615   // Compute collocated gradient and copy to GPU
616   data->d_collo_grad_1d    = NULL;
617   bool has_collocated_grad = dim == 3 && Q_1d >= P_1d;
618 
619   if (has_collocated_grad) {
620     CeedScalar *collo_grad_1d;
621 
622     CeedCallBackend(CeedMalloc(Q_1d * Q_1d, &collo_grad_1d));
623     CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetCollocatedGrad(basis, collo_grad_1d));
624     CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaMalloc((void **)&data->d_collo_grad_1d, q_bytes * Q_1d));
625     CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaMemcpy(data->d_collo_grad_1d, collo_grad_1d, q_bytes * Q_1d, cudaMemcpyHostToDevice));
626     CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&collo_grad_1d));
627   }
628 
629   // Compile basis kernels
630   const char basis_kernel_source[] = "// Tensor basis source\n#include <ceed/jit-source/cuda/cuda-shared-basis-tensor.h>\n";
631 
632   CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumComponents(basis, &num_comp));
633   CeedCallBackend(CeedCompile_Cuda(ceed, basis_kernel_source, &data->module, 8, "BASIS_Q_1D", Q_1d, "BASIS_P_1D", P_1d, "T_1D",
634                                    CeedIntMax(Q_1d, P_1d), "BASIS_DIM", dim, "BASIS_NUM_COMP", num_comp, "BASIS_NUM_NODES", CeedIntPow(P_1d, dim),
635                                    "BASIS_NUM_QPTS", CeedIntPow(Q_1d, dim), "BASIS_HAS_COLLOCATED_GRAD", has_collocated_grad));
636   CeedCallBackend(CeedGetKernel_Cuda(ceed, data->module, "Interp", &data->Interp));
637   CeedCallBackend(CeedGetKernel_Cuda(ceed, data->module, "InterpTranspose", &data->InterpTranspose));
638   CeedCallBackend(CeedGetKernel_Cuda(ceed, data->module, "InterpTransposeAdd", &data->InterpTransposeAdd));
639   CeedCallBackend(CeedGetKernel_Cuda(ceed, data->module, "Grad", &data->Grad));
640   CeedCallBackend(CeedGetKernel_Cuda(ceed, data->module, "GradTranspose", &data->GradTranspose));
641   CeedCallBackend(CeedGetKernel_Cuda(ceed, data->module, "GradTransposeAdd", &data->GradTransposeAdd));
642   CeedCallBackend(CeedGetKernel_Cuda(ceed, data->module, "Weight", &data->Weight));
643 
644   CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisSetData(basis, data));
645 
646   // Register backend functions
647   CeedCallBackend(CeedSetBackendFunction(ceed, "Basis", basis, "Apply", CeedBasisApplyTensor_Cuda_shared));
648   CeedCallBackend(CeedSetBackendFunction(ceed, "Basis", basis, "ApplyAdd", CeedBasisApplyAddTensor_Cuda_shared));
649   CeedCallBackend(CeedSetBackendFunction(ceed, "Basis", basis, "ApplyAtPoints", CeedBasisApplyAtPoints_Cuda_shared));
650   CeedCallBackend(CeedSetBackendFunction(ceed, "Basis", basis, "ApplyAddAtPoints", CeedBasisApplyAddAtPoints_Cuda_shared));
651   CeedCallBackend(CeedSetBackendFunction(ceed, "Basis", basis, "Destroy", CeedBasisDestroy_Cuda_shared));
652   CeedCallBackend(CeedDestroy(&ceed));
653   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
654 }
655 
656 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
657 // Create non-tensor basis
658 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
659 int CeedBasisCreateH1_Cuda_shared(CeedElemTopology topo, CeedInt dim, CeedInt num_nodes, CeedInt num_qpts, const CeedScalar *interp,
660                                   const CeedScalar *grad, const CeedScalar *q_ref, const CeedScalar *q_weight, CeedBasis basis) {
661   Ceed                   ceed;
662   CeedInt                num_comp, q_comp_interp, q_comp_grad;
663   const CeedInt          q_bytes = num_qpts * sizeof(CeedScalar);
664   CeedBasis_Cuda_shared *data;
665 
666   CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetCeed(basis, &ceed));
667 
668   // Check shared memory size
669   {
670     Ceed_Cuda *cuda_data;
671 
672     CeedCallBackend(CeedGetData(ceed, &cuda_data));
673     if (((size_t)num_nodes * (size_t)num_qpts * (size_t)dim + (size_t)CeedIntMax(num_nodes, num_qpts)) * sizeof(CeedScalar) >
674         cuda_data->device_prop.sharedMemPerBlock) {
675       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisCreateH1Fallback(ceed, topo, dim, num_nodes, num_qpts, interp, grad, q_ref, q_weight, basis));
676       CeedCallBackend(CeedDestroy(&ceed));
677       return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
678     }
679   }
680 
681   CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(1, &data));
682 
683   // Copy basis data to GPU
684   CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadratureComponents(basis, CEED_EVAL_INTERP, &q_comp_interp));
685   CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadratureComponents(basis, CEED_EVAL_GRAD, &q_comp_grad));
686   if (q_weight) {
687     CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaMalloc((void **)&data->d_q_weight_1d, q_bytes));
688     CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaMemcpy(data->d_q_weight_1d, q_weight, q_bytes, cudaMemcpyHostToDevice));
689   }
690   if (interp) {
691     const CeedInt interp_bytes = q_bytes * num_nodes * q_comp_interp;
692 
693     CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaMalloc((void **)&data->d_interp_1d, interp_bytes));
694     CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaMemcpy(data->d_interp_1d, interp, interp_bytes, cudaMemcpyHostToDevice));
695   }
696   if (grad) {
697     const CeedInt grad_bytes = q_bytes * num_nodes * q_comp_grad;
698 
699     CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaMalloc((void **)&data->d_grad_1d, grad_bytes));
700     CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaMemcpy(data->d_grad_1d, grad, grad_bytes, cudaMemcpyHostToDevice));
701   }
702 
703   // Compile basis kernels
704   const char basis_kernel_source[] = "// Non-tensor basis source\n#include <ceed/jit-source/cuda/cuda-shared-basis-nontensor.h>\n";
705 
706   CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumComponents(basis, &num_comp));
707   CeedCallBackend(CeedCompile_Cuda(ceed, basis_kernel_source, &data->module, 5, "BASIS_Q", num_qpts, "BASIS_P", num_nodes, "T_1D",
708                                    CeedIntMax(num_qpts, num_nodes), "BASIS_DIM", dim, "BASIS_NUM_COMP", num_comp));
709   CeedCallBackend(CeedGetKernel_Cuda(ceed, data->module, "Interp", &data->Interp));
710   CeedCallBackend(CeedGetKernel_Cuda(ceed, data->module, "InterpTranspose", &data->InterpTranspose));
711   CeedCallBackend(CeedGetKernel_Cuda(ceed, data->module, "InterpTransposeAdd", &data->InterpTransposeAdd));
712   CeedCallBackend(CeedGetKernel_Cuda(ceed, data->module, "Grad", &data->Grad));
713   CeedCallBackend(CeedGetKernel_Cuda(ceed, data->module, "GradTranspose", &data->GradTranspose));
714   CeedCallBackend(CeedGetKernel_Cuda(ceed, data->module, "GradTransposeAdd", &data->GradTransposeAdd));
715   CeedCallBackend(CeedGetKernel_Cuda(ceed, data->module, "Weight", &data->Weight));
716 
717   CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisSetData(basis, data));
718 
719   // Register backend functions
720   CeedCallBackend(CeedSetBackendFunction(ceed, "Basis", basis, "Apply", CeedBasisApplyNonTensor_Cuda_shared));
721   CeedCallBackend(CeedSetBackendFunction(ceed, "Basis", basis, "ApplyAdd", CeedBasisApplyAddNonTensor_Cuda_shared));
722   CeedCallBackend(CeedSetBackendFunction(ceed, "Basis", basis, "Destroy", CeedBasisDestroy_Cuda_shared));
723   CeedCallBackend(CeedDestroy(&ceed));
724   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
725 }
726 
727 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
728