xref: /libCEED/backends/cuda-shared/ceed-cuda-shared-basis.c (revision 9ff05d55386b4e6413be60b7231511258906fd9f)
1 // Copyright (c) 2017-2024, Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC and other CEED contributors.
2 // All Rights Reserved. See the top-level LICENSE and NOTICE files for details.
3 //
4 // SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
5 //
6 // This file is part of CEED:  http://github.com/ceed
7 
8 #include <ceed.h>
9 #include <ceed/backend.h>
10 #include <ceed/jit-tools.h>
11 #include <cuda.h>
12 #include <cuda_runtime.h>
13 #include <stdbool.h>
14 #include <stddef.h>
15 #include <string.h>
16 
17 #include "../cuda/ceed-cuda-common.h"
18 #include "../cuda/ceed-cuda-compile.h"
19 #include "ceed-cuda-shared.h"
20 
21 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
22 // Device initalization
23 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
24 int CeedInit_CudaInterp(CeedScalar *d_B, CeedInt P_1d, CeedInt Q_1d, CeedScalar **c_B);
25 int CeedInit_CudaGrad(CeedScalar *d_B, CeedScalar *d_G, CeedInt P_1d, CeedInt Q_1d, CeedScalar **c_B_ptr, CeedScalar **c_G_ptr);
26 int CeedInit_CudaCollocatedGrad(CeedScalar *d_B, CeedScalar *d_G, CeedInt P_1d, CeedInt Q_1d, CeedScalar **c_B_ptr, CeedScalar **c_G_ptr);
27 
28 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
29 // Apply tensor basis
30 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
31 static int CeedBasisApplyTensorCore_Cuda_shared(CeedBasis basis, bool apply_add, const CeedInt num_elem, CeedTransposeMode t_mode,
32                                                 CeedEvalMode eval_mode, CeedVector u, CeedVector v) {
33   Ceed                   ceed;
34   Ceed_Cuda             *ceed_Cuda;
35   CeedInt                dim, num_comp;
36   const CeedScalar      *d_u;
37   CeedScalar            *d_v;
38   CeedBasis_Cuda_shared *data;
39 
40   CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetCeed(basis, &ceed));
41   CeedCallBackend(CeedGetData(ceed, &ceed_Cuda));
42   CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetData(basis, &data));
43   CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetDimension(basis, &dim));
44   CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumComponents(basis, &num_comp));
45 
46   // Get read/write access to u, v
47   if (u != CEED_VECTOR_NONE) CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetArrayRead(u, CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &d_u));
48   else CeedCheck(eval_mode == CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT, ceed, CEED_ERROR_BACKEND, "An input vector is required for this CeedEvalMode");
49   if (apply_add) CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetArray(v, CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &d_v));
50   else CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetArrayWrite(v, CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &d_v));
51 
52   // Apply basis operation
53   switch (eval_mode) {
54     case CEED_EVAL_INTERP: {
55       CeedInt P_1d, Q_1d;
56 
57       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumNodes1D(basis, &P_1d));
58       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadraturePoints1D(basis, &Q_1d));
59       CeedInt thread_1d = CeedIntMax(Q_1d, P_1d);
60 
61       CeedCallBackend(CeedInit_CudaInterp(data->d_interp_1d, P_1d, Q_1d, &data->c_B));
62       void *interp_args[] = {(void *)&num_elem, &data->c_B, &d_u, &d_v};
63 
64       if (dim == 1) {
65         // avoid >512 total threads
66         CeedInt elems_per_block = CeedIntMin(ceed_Cuda->device_prop.maxThreadsDim[2], CeedIntMax(512 / thread_1d, 1));
67         CeedInt grid            = num_elem / elems_per_block + (num_elem % elems_per_block > 0);
68         CeedInt shared_mem      = elems_per_block * thread_1d * sizeof(CeedScalar);
69 
70         if (t_mode == CEED_TRANSPOSE) {
71           CeedCallBackend(CeedRunKernelDimShared_Cuda(ceed, apply_add ? data->InterpTransposeAdd : data->InterpTranspose, grid, thread_1d, 1,
72                                                       elems_per_block, shared_mem, interp_args));
73         } else {
74           CeedCallBackend(CeedRunKernelDimShared_Cuda(ceed, data->Interp, grid, thread_1d, 1, elems_per_block, shared_mem, interp_args));
75         }
76       } else if (dim == 2) {
77         const CeedInt opt_elems[7] = {0, 32, 8, 6, 4, 2, 8};
78         // elems_per_block must be at least 1
79         CeedInt elems_per_block = CeedIntMax(thread_1d < 7 ? opt_elems[thread_1d] / num_comp : 1, 1);
80         CeedInt grid            = num_elem / elems_per_block + (num_elem % elems_per_block > 0);
81         CeedInt shared_mem      = elems_per_block * thread_1d * thread_1d * sizeof(CeedScalar);
82 
83         if (t_mode == CEED_TRANSPOSE) {
84           CeedCallBackend(CeedRunKernelDimShared_Cuda(ceed, apply_add ? data->InterpTransposeAdd : data->InterpTranspose, grid, thread_1d, thread_1d,
85                                                       elems_per_block, shared_mem, interp_args));
86         } else {
87           CeedCallBackend(CeedRunKernelDimShared_Cuda(ceed, data->Interp, grid, thread_1d, thread_1d, elems_per_block, shared_mem, interp_args));
88         }
89       } else if (dim == 3) {
90         CeedInt elems_per_block = 1;
91         CeedInt grid            = num_elem / elems_per_block + (num_elem % elems_per_block > 0);
92         CeedInt shared_mem      = elems_per_block * thread_1d * thread_1d * sizeof(CeedScalar);
93 
94         if (t_mode == CEED_TRANSPOSE) {
95           CeedCallBackend(CeedRunKernelDimShared_Cuda(ceed, apply_add ? data->InterpTransposeAdd : data->InterpTranspose, grid, thread_1d, thread_1d,
96                                                       elems_per_block, shared_mem, interp_args));
97         } else {
98           CeedCallBackend(CeedRunKernelDimShared_Cuda(ceed, data->Interp, grid, thread_1d, thread_1d, elems_per_block, shared_mem, interp_args));
99         }
100       }
101     } break;
102     case CEED_EVAL_GRAD: {
103       CeedInt P_1d, Q_1d;
104 
105       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumNodes1D(basis, &P_1d));
106       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadraturePoints1D(basis, &Q_1d));
107       CeedInt thread_1d = CeedIntMax(Q_1d, P_1d);
108 
109       if (data->d_collo_grad_1d) {
110         CeedCallBackend(CeedInit_CudaCollocatedGrad(data->d_interp_1d, data->d_collo_grad_1d, P_1d, Q_1d, &data->c_B, &data->c_G));
111       } else {
112         CeedCallBackend(CeedInit_CudaGrad(data->d_interp_1d, data->d_grad_1d, P_1d, Q_1d, &data->c_B, &data->c_G));
113       }
114       void *grad_args[] = {(void *)&num_elem, &data->c_B, &data->c_G, &d_u, &d_v};
115       if (dim == 1) {
116         // avoid >512 total threads
117         CeedInt elems_per_block = CeedIntMin(ceed_Cuda->device_prop.maxThreadsDim[2], CeedIntMax(512 / thread_1d, 1));
118         CeedInt grid            = num_elem / elems_per_block + (num_elem % elems_per_block > 0);
119         CeedInt shared_mem      = elems_per_block * thread_1d * sizeof(CeedScalar);
120 
121         if (t_mode == CEED_TRANSPOSE) {
122           CeedCallBackend(CeedRunKernelDimShared_Cuda(ceed, apply_add ? data->GradTransposeAdd : data->GradTranspose, grid, thread_1d, 1,
123                                                       elems_per_block, shared_mem, grad_args));
124         } else {
125           CeedCallBackend(CeedRunKernelDimShared_Cuda(ceed, data->Grad, grid, thread_1d, 1, elems_per_block, shared_mem, grad_args));
126         }
127       } else if (dim == 2) {
128         const CeedInt opt_elems[7] = {0, 32, 8, 6, 4, 2, 8};
129         // elems_per_block must be at least 1
130         CeedInt elems_per_block = CeedIntMax(thread_1d < 7 ? opt_elems[thread_1d] / num_comp : 1, 1);
131         CeedInt grid            = num_elem / elems_per_block + (num_elem % elems_per_block > 0);
132         CeedInt shared_mem      = elems_per_block * thread_1d * thread_1d * sizeof(CeedScalar);
133 
134         if (t_mode == CEED_TRANSPOSE) {
135           CeedCallBackend(CeedRunKernelDimShared_Cuda(ceed, apply_add ? data->GradTransposeAdd : data->GradTranspose, grid, thread_1d, thread_1d,
136                                                       elems_per_block, shared_mem, grad_args));
137         } else {
138           CeedCallBackend(CeedRunKernelDimShared_Cuda(ceed, data->Grad, grid, thread_1d, thread_1d, elems_per_block, shared_mem, grad_args));
139         }
140       } else if (dim == 3) {
141         CeedInt elems_per_block = 1;
142         CeedInt grid            = num_elem / elems_per_block + (num_elem % elems_per_block > 0);
143         CeedInt shared_mem      = elems_per_block * thread_1d * thread_1d * sizeof(CeedScalar);
144 
145         if (t_mode == CEED_TRANSPOSE) {
146           CeedCallBackend(CeedRunKernelDimShared_Cuda(ceed, apply_add ? data->GradTransposeAdd : data->GradTranspose, grid, thread_1d, thread_1d,
147                                                       elems_per_block, shared_mem, grad_args));
148         } else {
149           CeedCallBackend(CeedRunKernelDimShared_Cuda(ceed, data->Grad, grid, thread_1d, thread_1d, elems_per_block, shared_mem, grad_args));
150         }
151       }
152     } break;
153     case CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT: {
154       CeedInt Q_1d;
155       CeedInt block_size = 32;
156 
157       CeedCheck(data->d_q_weight_1d, ceed, CEED_ERROR_BACKEND, "%s not supported; q_weights_1d not set", CeedEvalModes[eval_mode]);
158       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadraturePoints1D(basis, &Q_1d));
159       void *weight_args[] = {(void *)&num_elem, (void *)&data->d_q_weight_1d, &d_v};
160       if (dim == 1) {
161         const CeedInt elems_per_block = block_size / Q_1d;
162         const CeedInt grid_size       = num_elem / elems_per_block + (num_elem % elems_per_block > 0);
163 
164         CeedCallBackend(CeedRunKernelDim_Cuda(ceed, data->Weight, grid_size, Q_1d, elems_per_block, 1, weight_args));
165       } else if (dim == 2) {
166         const CeedInt opt_elems       = block_size / (Q_1d * Q_1d);
167         const CeedInt elems_per_block = opt_elems > 0 ? opt_elems : 1;
168         const CeedInt grid_size       = num_elem / elems_per_block + (num_elem % elems_per_block > 0);
169 
170         CeedCallBackend(CeedRunKernelDim_Cuda(ceed, data->Weight, grid_size, Q_1d, Q_1d, elems_per_block, weight_args));
171       } else if (dim == 3) {
172         const CeedInt opt_elems       = block_size / (Q_1d * Q_1d);
173         const CeedInt elems_per_block = opt_elems > 0 ? opt_elems : 1;
174         const CeedInt grid_size       = num_elem / elems_per_block + (num_elem % elems_per_block > 0);
175 
176         CeedCallBackend(CeedRunKernelDim_Cuda(ceed, data->Weight, grid_size, Q_1d, Q_1d, elems_per_block, weight_args));
177       }
178     } break;
179     case CEED_EVAL_NONE: /* handled separately below */
180       break;
181     // LCOV_EXCL_START
182     case CEED_EVAL_DIV:
183     case CEED_EVAL_CURL:
184       return CeedError(ceed, CEED_ERROR_BACKEND, "%s not supported", CeedEvalModes[eval_mode]);
185       // LCOV_EXCL_STOP
186   }
187 
188   // Restore vectors, cover CEED_EVAL_NONE
189   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorRestoreArray(v, &d_v));
190   if (eval_mode == CEED_EVAL_NONE) CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorSetArray(v, CEED_MEM_DEVICE, CEED_COPY_VALUES, (CeedScalar *)d_u));
191   if (eval_mode != CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT) CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorRestoreArrayRead(u, &d_u));
192   CeedCallBackend(CeedDestroy(&ceed));
193   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
194 }
195 
196 static int CeedBasisApplyTensor_Cuda_shared(CeedBasis basis, const CeedInt num_elem, CeedTransposeMode t_mode, CeedEvalMode eval_mode, CeedVector u,
197                                             CeedVector v) {
198   CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisApplyTensorCore_Cuda_shared(basis, false, num_elem, t_mode, eval_mode, u, v));
199   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
200 }
201 
202 static int CeedBasisApplyAddTensor_Cuda_shared(CeedBasis basis, const CeedInt num_elem, CeedTransposeMode t_mode, CeedEvalMode eval_mode,
203                                                CeedVector u, CeedVector v) {
204   CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisApplyTensorCore_Cuda_shared(basis, true, num_elem, t_mode, eval_mode, u, v));
205   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
206 }
207 
208 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
209 // Basis apply - tensor AtPoints
210 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
211 static int CeedBasisApplyAtPointsCore_Cuda_shared(CeedBasis basis, bool apply_add, const CeedInt num_elem, const CeedInt *num_points,
212                                                   CeedTransposeMode t_mode, CeedEvalMode eval_mode, CeedVector x_ref, CeedVector u, CeedVector v) {
213   Ceed                   ceed;
214   Ceed_Cuda             *ceed_Cuda;
215   CeedInt                Q_1d, dim, num_comp, max_num_points = num_points[0];
216   const CeedInt          is_transpose = t_mode == CEED_TRANSPOSE;
217   const CeedScalar      *d_x, *d_u;
218   CeedScalar            *d_v;
219   CeedBasis_Cuda_shared *data;
220 
221   CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetData(basis, &data));
222   CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadraturePoints1D(basis, &Q_1d));
223   CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetDimension(basis, &dim));
224   CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumComponents(basis, &num_comp));
225 
226   // Weight handled separately
227   if (eval_mode == CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT) {
228     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorSetValue(v, 1.0));
229     return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
230   }
231 
232   CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetCeed(basis, &ceed));
233   CeedCallBackend(CeedGetData(ceed, &ceed_Cuda));
234 
235   // Check padded to uniform number of points per elem
236   for (CeedInt i = 1; i < num_elem; i++) max_num_points = CeedIntMax(max_num_points, num_points[i]);
237   {
238     CeedInt  q_comp;
239     CeedSize len, len_required;
240     CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadratureComponents(basis, eval_mode, &q_comp));
241     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetLength(is_transpose ? u : v, &len));
242     len_required = (CeedSize)num_comp * (CeedSize)q_comp * (CeedSize)num_elem * (CeedSize)max_num_points;
243     CeedCheck(len >= len_required, ceed, CEED_ERROR_BACKEND,
244               "Vector at points must be padded to the same number of points in each element for BasisApplyAtPoints on GPU backends."
245               " Found %" CeedSize_FMT ", Required %" CeedSize_FMT,
246               len, len_required);
247   }
248 
249   // Move num_points array to device
250   if (is_transpose) {
251     const CeedInt num_bytes = num_elem * sizeof(CeedInt);
252 
253     if (num_elem != data->num_elem_at_points) {
254       data->num_elem_at_points = num_elem;
255 
256       if (data->d_points_per_elem) CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaFree(data->d_points_per_elem));
257       CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaMalloc((void **)&data->d_points_per_elem, num_bytes));
258       CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&data->h_points_per_elem));
259       CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(num_elem, &data->h_points_per_elem));
260     }
261     if (memcmp(data->h_points_per_elem, num_points, num_bytes)) {
262       memcpy(data->h_points_per_elem, num_points, num_bytes);
263       CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaMemcpy(data->d_points_per_elem, num_points, num_bytes, cudaMemcpyHostToDevice));
264     }
265   }
266 
267   // Build kernels if needed
268   if (data->num_points != max_num_points) {
269     CeedInt P_1d;
270 
271     CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumNodes1D(basis, &P_1d));
272     data->num_points = max_num_points;
273 
274     // -- Create interp matrix to Chebyshev coefficients
275     if (!data->d_chebyshev_interp_1d) {
276       CeedSize    interp_bytes;
277       CeedScalar *chebyshev_interp_1d;
278 
279       interp_bytes = P_1d * Q_1d * sizeof(CeedScalar);
280       CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(P_1d * Q_1d, &chebyshev_interp_1d));
281       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetChebyshevInterp1D(basis, chebyshev_interp_1d));
282       CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaMalloc((void **)&data->d_chebyshev_interp_1d, interp_bytes));
283       CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaMemcpy(data->d_chebyshev_interp_1d, chebyshev_interp_1d, interp_bytes, cudaMemcpyHostToDevice));
284       CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&chebyshev_interp_1d));
285     }
286 
287     // -- Compile kernels
288     const char basis_kernel_source[] = "// AtPoints basis source\n#include <ceed/jit-source/cuda/cuda-shared-basis-tensor-at-points.h>\n";
289     CeedInt    num_comp;
290 
291     if (data->moduleAtPoints) CeedCallCuda(ceed, cuModuleUnload(data->moduleAtPoints));
292     CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumComponents(basis, &num_comp));
293     CeedCallBackend(CeedCompile_Cuda(ceed, basis_kernel_source, &data->moduleAtPoints, 8, "BASIS_Q_1D", Q_1d, "BASIS_P_1D", P_1d, "T_1D",
294                                      CeedIntMax(Q_1d, P_1d), "BASIS_DIM", dim, "BASIS_NUM_COMP", num_comp, "BASIS_NUM_NODES", CeedIntPow(P_1d, dim),
295                                      "BASIS_NUM_QPTS", CeedIntPow(Q_1d, dim), "BASIS_NUM_PTS", max_num_points));
296     CeedCallBackend(CeedGetKernel_Cuda(ceed, data->moduleAtPoints, "InterpAtPoints", &data->InterpAtPoints));
297     CeedCallBackend(CeedGetKernel_Cuda(ceed, data->moduleAtPoints, "InterpTransposeAtPoints", &data->InterpTransposeAtPoints));
298     CeedCallBackend(CeedGetKernel_Cuda(ceed, data->moduleAtPoints, "GradAtPoints", &data->GradAtPoints));
299     CeedCallBackend(CeedGetKernel_Cuda(ceed, data->moduleAtPoints, "GradTransposeAtPoints", &data->GradTransposeAtPoints));
300   }
301 
302   // Get read/write access to u, v
303   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetArrayRead(x_ref, CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &d_x));
304   if (u != CEED_VECTOR_NONE) CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetArrayRead(u, CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &d_u));
305   else CeedCheck(eval_mode == CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT, ceed, CEED_ERROR_BACKEND, "An input vector is required for this CeedEvalMode");
306   if (apply_add) CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetArray(v, CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &d_v));
307   else CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetArrayWrite(v, CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &d_v));
308 
309   // Clear v for transpose operation
310   if (is_transpose && !apply_add) {
311     CeedInt  num_comp, q_comp, num_nodes;
312     CeedSize length;
313 
314     CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumComponents(basis, &num_comp));
315     CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadratureComponents(basis, eval_mode, &q_comp));
316     CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumNodes(basis, &num_nodes));
317     length =
318         (CeedSize)num_elem * (CeedSize)num_comp * (t_mode == CEED_TRANSPOSE ? (CeedSize)num_nodes : ((CeedSize)max_num_points * (CeedSize)q_comp));
319     CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaMemset(d_v, 0, length * sizeof(CeedScalar)));
320   }
321 
322   // Basis action
323   switch (eval_mode) {
324     case CEED_EVAL_INTERP: {
325       CeedInt P_1d, Q_1d;
326 
327       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumNodes1D(basis, &P_1d));
328       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadraturePoints1D(basis, &Q_1d));
329       CeedInt thread_1d = CeedIntMax(Q_1d, P_1d);
330 
331       CeedCallBackend(CeedInit_CudaInterp(data->d_chebyshev_interp_1d, P_1d, Q_1d, &data->c_B));
332       void *interp_args[] = {(void *)&num_elem, &data->c_B, &data->d_points_per_elem, &d_x, &d_u, &d_v};
333 
334       if (dim == 1) {
335         // avoid >512 total threads
336         CeedInt elems_per_block = CeedIntMin(ceed_Cuda->device_prop.maxThreadsDim[2], CeedIntMax(512 / thread_1d, 1));
337         CeedInt grid            = num_elem / elems_per_block + (num_elem % elems_per_block > 0);
338         CeedInt shared_mem      = elems_per_block * thread_1d * sizeof(CeedScalar);
339 
340         CeedCallBackend(CeedRunKernelDimShared_Cuda(ceed, is_transpose ? data->InterpTransposeAtPoints : data->InterpAtPoints, grid, thread_1d, 1,
341                                                     elems_per_block, shared_mem, interp_args));
342       } else if (dim == 2) {
343         const CeedInt opt_elems[7] = {0, 32, 8, 6, 4, 2, 8};
344         // elems_per_block must be at least 1
345         CeedInt elems_per_block = CeedIntMax(thread_1d < 7 ? opt_elems[thread_1d] / num_comp : 1, 1);
346         CeedInt grid            = num_elem / elems_per_block + (num_elem % elems_per_block > 0);
347         CeedInt shared_mem      = elems_per_block * thread_1d * thread_1d * sizeof(CeedScalar);
348 
349         CeedCallBackend(CeedRunKernelDimShared_Cuda(ceed, is_transpose ? data->InterpTransposeAtPoints : data->InterpAtPoints, grid, thread_1d,
350                                                     thread_1d, elems_per_block, shared_mem, interp_args));
351       } else if (dim == 3) {
352         CeedInt elems_per_block = 1;
353         CeedInt grid            = num_elem / elems_per_block + (num_elem % elems_per_block > 0);
354         CeedInt shared_mem      = elems_per_block * thread_1d * thread_1d * sizeof(CeedScalar);
355 
356         CeedCallBackend(CeedRunKernelDimShared_Cuda(ceed, is_transpose ? data->InterpTransposeAtPoints : data->InterpAtPoints, grid, thread_1d,
357                                                     thread_1d, elems_per_block, shared_mem, interp_args));
358       }
359     } break;
360     case CEED_EVAL_GRAD: {
361       CeedInt P_1d, Q_1d;
362 
363       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumNodes1D(basis, &P_1d));
364       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadraturePoints1D(basis, &Q_1d));
365       CeedInt thread_1d = CeedIntMax(Q_1d, P_1d);
366 
367       CeedCallBackend(CeedInit_CudaInterp(data->d_chebyshev_interp_1d, P_1d, Q_1d, &data->c_B));
368       void *grad_args[] = {(void *)&num_elem, &data->d_chebyshev_interp_1d, &data->d_points_per_elem, &d_x, &d_u, &d_v};
369 
370       if (dim == 1) {
371         // avoid >512 total threads
372         CeedInt elems_per_block = CeedIntMin(ceed_Cuda->device_prop.maxThreadsDim[2], CeedIntMax(512 / thread_1d, 1));
373         CeedInt grid            = num_elem / elems_per_block + (num_elem % elems_per_block > 0);
374         CeedInt shared_mem      = elems_per_block * thread_1d * sizeof(CeedScalar);
375 
376         CeedCallBackend(CeedRunKernelDimShared_Cuda(ceed, is_transpose ? data->GradTransposeAtPoints : data->GradAtPoints, grid, thread_1d, 1,
377                                                     elems_per_block, shared_mem, grad_args));
378       } else if (dim == 2) {
379         const CeedInt opt_elems[7] = {0, 32, 8, 6, 4, 2, 8};
380         // elems_per_block must be at least 1
381         CeedInt elems_per_block = CeedIntMax(thread_1d < 7 ? opt_elems[thread_1d] / num_comp : 1, 1);
382         CeedInt grid            = num_elem / elems_per_block + (num_elem % elems_per_block > 0);
383         CeedInt shared_mem      = elems_per_block * thread_1d * thread_1d * sizeof(CeedScalar);
384 
385         CeedCallBackend(CeedRunKernelDimShared_Cuda(ceed, is_transpose ? data->GradTransposeAtPoints : data->GradAtPoints, grid, thread_1d, thread_1d,
386                                                     elems_per_block, shared_mem, grad_args));
387       } else if (dim == 3) {
388         CeedInt elems_per_block = 1;
389         CeedInt grid            = num_elem / elems_per_block + (num_elem % elems_per_block > 0);
390         CeedInt shared_mem      = elems_per_block * thread_1d * thread_1d * sizeof(CeedScalar);
391 
392         CeedCallBackend(CeedRunKernelDimShared_Cuda(ceed, is_transpose ? data->GradTransposeAtPoints : data->GradAtPoints, grid, thread_1d, thread_1d,
393                                                     elems_per_block, shared_mem, grad_args));
394       }
395     } break;
396     case CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT:
397     case CEED_EVAL_NONE: /* handled separately below */
398       break;
399     // LCOV_EXCL_START
400     case CEED_EVAL_DIV:
401     case CEED_EVAL_CURL:
402       return CeedError(ceed, CEED_ERROR_BACKEND, "%s not supported", CeedEvalModes[eval_mode]);
403       // LCOV_EXCL_STOP
404   }
405 
406   // Restore vectors, cover CEED_EVAL_NONE
407   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorRestoreArrayRead(x_ref, &d_x));
408   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorRestoreArray(v, &d_v));
409   if (eval_mode == CEED_EVAL_NONE) CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorSetArray(v, CEED_MEM_DEVICE, CEED_COPY_VALUES, (CeedScalar *)d_u));
410   if (eval_mode != CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT) CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorRestoreArrayRead(u, &d_u));
411   CeedCallBackend(CeedDestroy(&ceed));
412   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
413 }
414 
415 static int CeedBasisApplyAtPoints_Cuda_shared(CeedBasis basis, const CeedInt num_elem, const CeedInt *num_points, CeedTransposeMode t_mode,
416                                               CeedEvalMode eval_mode, CeedVector x_ref, CeedVector u, CeedVector v) {
417   CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisApplyAtPointsCore_Cuda_shared(basis, false, num_elem, num_points, t_mode, eval_mode, x_ref, u, v));
418   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
419 }
420 
421 static int CeedBasisApplyAddAtPoints_Cuda_shared(CeedBasis basis, const CeedInt num_elem, const CeedInt *num_points, CeedTransposeMode t_mode,
422                                                  CeedEvalMode eval_mode, CeedVector x_ref, CeedVector u, CeedVector v) {
423   CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisApplyAtPointsCore_Cuda_shared(basis, true, num_elem, num_points, t_mode, eval_mode, x_ref, u, v));
424   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
425 }
426 
427 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
428 // Apply non-tensor basis
429 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
430 static int CeedBasisApplyNonTensorCore_Cuda_shared(CeedBasis basis, bool apply_add, const CeedInt num_elem, CeedTransposeMode t_mode,
431                                                    CeedEvalMode eval_mode, CeedVector u, CeedVector v) {
432   Ceed                   ceed;
433   Ceed_Cuda             *ceed_Cuda;
434   CeedInt                dim;
435   const CeedScalar      *d_u;
436   CeedScalar            *d_v;
437   CeedBasis_Cuda_shared *data;
438 
439   CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetCeed(basis, &ceed));
440   CeedCallBackend(CeedGetData(ceed, &ceed_Cuda));
441   CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetData(basis, &data));
442   CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetDimension(basis, &dim));
443 
444   // Get read/write access to u, v
445   if (u != CEED_VECTOR_NONE) CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetArrayRead(u, CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &d_u));
446   else CeedCheck(eval_mode == CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT, ceed, CEED_ERROR_BACKEND, "An input vector is required for this CeedEvalMode");
447   if (apply_add) CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetArray(v, CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &d_v));
448   else CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetArrayWrite(v, CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &d_v));
449 
450   // Apply basis operation
451   switch (eval_mode) {
452     case CEED_EVAL_INTERP: {
453       CeedInt P, Q;
454 
455       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumNodes(basis, &P));
456       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadraturePoints(basis, &Q));
457       CeedInt thread = CeedIntMax(Q, P);
458 
459       CeedCallBackend(CeedInit_CudaInterp(data->d_interp_1d, P, Q, &data->c_B));
460       void *interp_args[] = {(void *)&num_elem, &data->c_B, &d_u, &d_v};
461 
462       {
463         // avoid >512 total threads
464         CeedInt elems_per_block = CeedIntMin(ceed_Cuda->device_prop.maxThreadsDim[2], CeedIntMax(512 / thread, 1));
465         CeedInt grid            = num_elem / elems_per_block + (num_elem % elems_per_block > 0);
466         CeedInt shared_mem      = elems_per_block * thread * sizeof(CeedScalar);
467 
468         if (t_mode == CEED_TRANSPOSE) {
469           CeedCallBackend(CeedRunKernelDimShared_Cuda(ceed, apply_add ? data->InterpTransposeAdd : data->InterpTranspose, grid, thread, 1,
470                                                       elems_per_block, shared_mem, interp_args));
471         } else {
472           CeedCallBackend(CeedRunKernelDimShared_Cuda(ceed, data->Interp, grid, thread, 1, elems_per_block, shared_mem, interp_args));
473         }
474       }
475     } break;
476     case CEED_EVAL_GRAD: {
477       CeedInt P, Q;
478 
479       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumNodes(basis, &P));
480       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadraturePoints(basis, &Q));
481       CeedInt thread = CeedIntMax(Q, P);
482 
483       CeedCallBackend(CeedInit_CudaInterp(data->d_grad_1d, P, Q * dim, &data->c_G));
484       void *grad_args[] = {(void *)&num_elem, &data->c_G, &d_u, &d_v};
485 
486       {
487         // avoid >512 total threads
488         CeedInt elems_per_block = CeedIntMin(ceed_Cuda->device_prop.maxThreadsDim[2], CeedIntMax(512 / thread, 1));
489         CeedInt grid            = num_elem / elems_per_block + (num_elem % elems_per_block > 0);
490         CeedInt shared_mem      = elems_per_block * thread * sizeof(CeedScalar);
491 
492         if (t_mode == CEED_TRANSPOSE) {
493           CeedCallBackend(CeedRunKernelDimShared_Cuda(ceed, apply_add ? data->GradTransposeAdd : data->GradTranspose, grid, thread, 1,
494                                                       elems_per_block, shared_mem, grad_args));
495         } else {
496           CeedCallBackend(CeedRunKernelDimShared_Cuda(ceed, data->Grad, grid, thread, 1, elems_per_block, shared_mem, grad_args));
497         }
498       }
499     } break;
500     case CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT: {
501       CeedInt Q;
502 
503       CeedCheck(data->d_q_weight_1d, ceed, CEED_ERROR_BACKEND, "%s not supported; q_weights_1d not set", CeedEvalModes[eval_mode]);
504       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadraturePoints(basis, &Q));
505       void *weight_args[] = {(void *)&num_elem, (void *)&data->d_q_weight_1d, &d_v};
506 
507       {
508         // avoid >512 total threads
509         CeedInt elems_per_block = CeedIntMin(ceed_Cuda->device_prop.maxThreadsDim[2], CeedIntMax(512 / Q, 1));
510         CeedInt grid            = num_elem / elems_per_block + (num_elem % elems_per_block > 0);
511 
512         CeedCallBackend(CeedRunKernelDim_Cuda(ceed, data->Weight, grid, Q, elems_per_block, 1, weight_args));
513       }
514     } break;
515     case CEED_EVAL_NONE: /* handled separately below */
516       break;
517     // LCOV_EXCL_START
518     case CEED_EVAL_DIV:
519     case CEED_EVAL_CURL:
520       return CeedError(ceed, CEED_ERROR_BACKEND, "%s not supported", CeedEvalModes[eval_mode]);
521       // LCOV_EXCL_STOP
522   }
523 
524   // Restore vectors, cover CEED_EVAL_NONE
525   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorRestoreArray(v, &d_v));
526   if (eval_mode == CEED_EVAL_NONE) CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorSetArray(v, CEED_MEM_DEVICE, CEED_COPY_VALUES, (CeedScalar *)d_u));
527   if (eval_mode != CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT) CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorRestoreArrayRead(u, &d_u));
528   CeedCallBackend(CeedDestroy(&ceed));
529   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
530 }
531 
532 static int CeedBasisApplyNonTensor_Cuda_shared(CeedBasis basis, const CeedInt num_elem, CeedTransposeMode t_mode, CeedEvalMode eval_mode,
533                                                CeedVector u, CeedVector v) {
534   CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisApplyNonTensorCore_Cuda_shared(basis, false, num_elem, t_mode, eval_mode, u, v));
535   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
536 }
537 
538 static int CeedBasisApplyAddNonTensor_Cuda_shared(CeedBasis basis, const CeedInt num_elem, CeedTransposeMode t_mode, CeedEvalMode eval_mode,
539                                                   CeedVector u, CeedVector v) {
540   CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisApplyNonTensorCore_Cuda_shared(basis, true, num_elem, t_mode, eval_mode, u, v));
541   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
542 }
543 
544 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
545 // Destroy basis
546 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
547 static int CeedBasisDestroy_Cuda_shared(CeedBasis basis) {
548   Ceed                   ceed;
549   CeedBasis_Cuda_shared *data;
550 
551   CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetCeed(basis, &ceed));
552   CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetData(basis, &data));
553   CeedCallCuda(ceed, cuModuleUnload(data->module));
554   if (data->moduleAtPoints) CeedCallCuda(ceed, cuModuleUnload(data->moduleAtPoints));
555   if (data->d_q_weight_1d) CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaFree(data->d_q_weight_1d));
556   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&data->h_points_per_elem));
557   if (data->d_points_per_elem) CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaFree(data->d_points_per_elem));
558   CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaFree(data->d_interp_1d));
559   CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaFree(data->d_grad_1d));
560   CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaFree(data->d_collo_grad_1d));
561   CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaFree(data->d_chebyshev_interp_1d));
562   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&data));
563   CeedCallBackend(CeedDestroy(&ceed));
564   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
565 }
566 
567 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
568 // Create tensor basis
569 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
570 int CeedBasisCreateTensorH1_Cuda_shared(CeedInt dim, CeedInt P_1d, CeedInt Q_1d, const CeedScalar *interp_1d, const CeedScalar *grad_1d,
571                                         const CeedScalar *q_ref_1d, const CeedScalar *q_weight_1d, CeedBasis basis) {
572   Ceed                   ceed;
573   CeedInt                num_comp;
574   const CeedInt          q_bytes      = Q_1d * sizeof(CeedScalar);
575   const CeedInt          interp_bytes = q_bytes * P_1d;
576   CeedBasis_Cuda_shared *data;
577 
578   CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetCeed(basis, &ceed));
579   CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(1, &data));
580 
581   // Copy basis data to GPU
582   if (q_weight_1d) {
583     CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaMalloc((void **)&data->d_q_weight_1d, q_bytes));
584     CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaMemcpy(data->d_q_weight_1d, q_weight_1d, q_bytes, cudaMemcpyHostToDevice));
585   }
586   CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaMalloc((void **)&data->d_interp_1d, interp_bytes));
587   CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaMemcpy(data->d_interp_1d, interp_1d, interp_bytes, cudaMemcpyHostToDevice));
588   CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaMalloc((void **)&data->d_grad_1d, interp_bytes));
589   CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaMemcpy(data->d_grad_1d, grad_1d, interp_bytes, cudaMemcpyHostToDevice));
590 
591   // Compute collocated gradient and copy to GPU
592   data->d_collo_grad_1d    = NULL;
593   bool has_collocated_grad = dim == 3 && Q_1d >= P_1d;
594 
595   if (has_collocated_grad) {
596     CeedScalar *collo_grad_1d;
597 
598     CeedCallBackend(CeedMalloc(Q_1d * Q_1d, &collo_grad_1d));
599     CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetCollocatedGrad(basis, collo_grad_1d));
600     CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaMalloc((void **)&data->d_collo_grad_1d, q_bytes * Q_1d));
601     CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaMemcpy(data->d_collo_grad_1d, collo_grad_1d, q_bytes * Q_1d, cudaMemcpyHostToDevice));
602     CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&collo_grad_1d));
603   }
604 
605   // Compile basis kernels
606   const char basis_kernel_source[] = "// Tensor basis source\n#include <ceed/jit-source/cuda/cuda-shared-basis-tensor.h>\n";
607 
608   CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumComponents(basis, &num_comp));
609   CeedCallBackend(CeedCompile_Cuda(ceed, basis_kernel_source, &data->module, 8, "BASIS_Q_1D", Q_1d, "BASIS_P_1D", P_1d, "T_1D",
610                                    CeedIntMax(Q_1d, P_1d), "BASIS_DIM", dim, "BASIS_NUM_COMP", num_comp, "BASIS_NUM_NODES", CeedIntPow(P_1d, dim),
611                                    "BASIS_NUM_QPTS", CeedIntPow(Q_1d, dim), "BASIS_HAS_COLLOCATED_GRAD", has_collocated_grad));
612   CeedCallBackend(CeedGetKernel_Cuda(ceed, data->module, "Interp", &data->Interp));
613   CeedCallBackend(CeedGetKernel_Cuda(ceed, data->module, "InterpTranspose", &data->InterpTranspose));
614   CeedCallBackend(CeedGetKernel_Cuda(ceed, data->module, "InterpTransposeAdd", &data->InterpTransposeAdd));
615   CeedCallBackend(CeedGetKernel_Cuda(ceed, data->module, "Grad", &data->Grad));
616   CeedCallBackend(CeedGetKernel_Cuda(ceed, data->module, "GradTranspose", &data->GradTranspose));
617   CeedCallBackend(CeedGetKernel_Cuda(ceed, data->module, "GradTransposeAdd", &data->GradTransposeAdd));
618   CeedCallBackend(CeedGetKernel_Cuda(ceed, data->module, "Weight", &data->Weight));
619 
620   CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisSetData(basis, data));
621 
622   // Register backend functions
623   CeedCallBackend(CeedSetBackendFunction(ceed, "Basis", basis, "Apply", CeedBasisApplyTensor_Cuda_shared));
624   CeedCallBackend(CeedSetBackendFunction(ceed, "Basis", basis, "ApplyAdd", CeedBasisApplyAddTensor_Cuda_shared));
625   CeedCallBackend(CeedSetBackendFunction(ceed, "Basis", basis, "ApplyAtPoints", CeedBasisApplyAtPoints_Cuda_shared));
626   CeedCallBackend(CeedSetBackendFunction(ceed, "Basis", basis, "ApplyAddAtPoints", CeedBasisApplyAddAtPoints_Cuda_shared));
627   CeedCallBackend(CeedSetBackendFunction(ceed, "Basis", basis, "Destroy", CeedBasisDestroy_Cuda_shared));
628   CeedCallBackend(CeedDestroy(&ceed));
629   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
630 }
631 
632 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
633 // Create non-tensor basis
634 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
635 int CeedBasisCreateH1_Cuda_shared(CeedElemTopology topo, CeedInt dim, CeedInt num_nodes, CeedInt num_qpts, const CeedScalar *interp,
636                                   const CeedScalar *grad, const CeedScalar *q_ref, const CeedScalar *q_weight, CeedBasis basis) {
637   Ceed                   ceed;
638   CeedInt                num_comp, q_comp_interp, q_comp_grad;
639   const CeedInt          q_bytes = num_qpts * sizeof(CeedScalar);
640   CeedBasis_Cuda_shared *data;
641 
642   CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetCeed(basis, &ceed));
643   CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(1, &data));
644 
645   // Copy basis data to GPU
646   CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadratureComponents(basis, CEED_EVAL_INTERP, &q_comp_interp));
647   CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadratureComponents(basis, CEED_EVAL_GRAD, &q_comp_grad));
648   if (q_weight) {
649     CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaMalloc((void **)&data->d_q_weight_1d, q_bytes));
650     CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaMemcpy(data->d_q_weight_1d, q_weight, q_bytes, cudaMemcpyHostToDevice));
651   }
652   if (interp) {
653     const CeedInt interp_bytes = q_bytes * num_nodes * q_comp_interp;
654 
655     CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaMalloc((void **)&data->d_interp_1d, interp_bytes));
656     CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaMemcpy(data->d_interp_1d, interp, interp_bytes, cudaMemcpyHostToDevice));
657   }
658   if (grad) {
659     const CeedInt grad_bytes = q_bytes * num_nodes * q_comp_grad;
660 
661     CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaMalloc((void **)&data->d_grad_1d, grad_bytes));
662     CeedCallCuda(ceed, cudaMemcpy(data->d_grad_1d, grad, grad_bytes, cudaMemcpyHostToDevice));
663   }
664 
665   // Compile basis kernels
666   const char basis_kernel_source[] = "// Non-tensor basis source\n#include <ceed/jit-source/cuda/cuda-shared-basis-nontensor.h>\n";
667 
668   CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumComponents(basis, &num_comp));
669   CeedCallBackend(CeedCompile_Cuda(ceed, basis_kernel_source, &data->module, 5, "BASIS_Q", num_qpts, "BASIS_P", num_nodes, "T_1D",
670                                    CeedIntMax(num_qpts, num_nodes), "BASIS_DIM", dim, "BASIS_NUM_COMP", num_comp));
671   CeedCallBackend(CeedGetKernel_Cuda(ceed, data->module, "Interp", &data->Interp));
672   CeedCallBackend(CeedGetKernel_Cuda(ceed, data->module, "InterpTranspose", &data->InterpTranspose));
673   CeedCallBackend(CeedGetKernel_Cuda(ceed, data->module, "InterpTransposeAdd", &data->InterpTransposeAdd));
674   CeedCallBackend(CeedGetKernel_Cuda(ceed, data->module, "Grad", &data->Grad));
675   CeedCallBackend(CeedGetKernel_Cuda(ceed, data->module, "GradTranspose", &data->GradTranspose));
676   CeedCallBackend(CeedGetKernel_Cuda(ceed, data->module, "GradTransposeAdd", &data->GradTransposeAdd));
677   CeedCallBackend(CeedGetKernel_Cuda(ceed, data->module, "Weight", &data->Weight));
678 
679   CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisSetData(basis, data));
680 
681   // Register backend functions
682   CeedCallBackend(CeedSetBackendFunction(ceed, "Basis", basis, "Apply", CeedBasisApplyNonTensor_Cuda_shared));
683   CeedCallBackend(CeedSetBackendFunction(ceed, "Basis", basis, "ApplyAdd", CeedBasisApplyAddNonTensor_Cuda_shared));
684   CeedCallBackend(CeedSetBackendFunction(ceed, "Basis", basis, "Destroy", CeedBasisDestroy_Cuda_shared));
685   CeedCallBackend(CeedDestroy(&ceed));
686   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
687 }
688 
689 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
690