xref: /libCEED/backends/hip-gen/ceed-hip-gen-operator-build.cpp (revision 3a2968d63a7f2ece086fcd3a62875aca8b9498aa)
1 // Copyright (c) 2017-2024, Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC and other CEED contributors.
2 // All Rights Reserved. See the top-level LICENSE and NOTICE files for details.
3 //
4 // SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
5 //
6 // This file is part of CEED:  http://github.com/ceed
7 
8 #define CEED_DEBUG_COLOR 12
9 
10 #include <ceed.h>
11 #include <ceed/backend.h>
12 #include <ceed/jit-tools.h>
13 
14 #include <iostream>
15 #include <sstream>
16 #include <string>
17 
18 #include "../hip-ref/ceed-hip-ref.h"
19 #include "../hip-shared/ceed-hip-shared.h"
20 #include "../hip/ceed-hip-common.h"
21 #include "../hip/ceed-hip-compile.h"
22 #include "ceed-hip-gen.h"
23 
24 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
25 // Calculate the block size used for launching the operator kernel
26 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
27 extern "C" int BlockGridCalculate_Hip_gen(const CeedInt dim, const CeedInt num_elem, const CeedInt P_1d, const CeedInt Q_1d, CeedInt *block_sizes) {
28   const CeedInt thread_1d = CeedIntMax(Q_1d, P_1d);
29   if (dim == 1) {
30     CeedInt elems_per_block = 64 * thread_1d > 256 ? 256 / thread_1d : 64;
31 
32     elems_per_block = elems_per_block > 0 ? elems_per_block : 1;
33     block_sizes[0]  = thread_1d;
34     block_sizes[1]  = 1;
35     block_sizes[2]  = elems_per_block;
36   } else if (dim == 2) {
37     const CeedInt elems_per_block = thread_1d < 4 ? 16 : 2;
38 
39     block_sizes[0] = thread_1d;
40     block_sizes[1] = thread_1d;
41     block_sizes[2] = elems_per_block;
42   } else if (dim == 3) {
43     const CeedInt elems_per_block = thread_1d < 6 ? 4 : (thread_1d < 8 ? 2 : 1);
44 
45     block_sizes[0] = thread_1d;
46     block_sizes[1] = thread_1d;
47     block_sizes[2] = elems_per_block;
48   }
49   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
50 }
51 
52 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
53 // Determine type of operator
54 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
55 static int CeedOperatorBuildKernelData_Hip_gen(Ceed ceed, CeedInt num_input_fields, CeedOperatorField *op_input_fields,
56                                                CeedQFunctionField *qf_input_fields, CeedInt num_output_fields, CeedOperatorField *op_output_fields,
57                                                CeedQFunctionField *qf_output_fields, CeedInt *max_P_1d, CeedInt *Q_1d, CeedInt *dim, bool *is_tensor,
58                                                bool *use_3d_slices) {
59   // Find dim, P_1d, Q_1d
60   *max_P_1d  = 0;
61   *Q_1d      = 0;
62   *dim       = 0;
63   *is_tensor = true;
64   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_input_fields; i++) {
65     CeedBasis basis;
66 
67     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(op_input_fields[i], &basis));
68     if (basis != CEED_BASIS_NONE) {
69       bool    is_field_tensor;
70       CeedInt field_P_1d = 0, field_Q_1d = 0, field_dim = 0;
71 
72       // Collect dim, P_1d, and Q_1d
73       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisIsTensor(basis, &is_field_tensor));
74       CeedCheck(is_field_tensor, ceed, CEED_ERROR_BACKEND, "Backend does not implement operators with non-tensor basis");
75       *is_tensor = *is_tensor && is_field_tensor;
76       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumNodes1D(basis, &field_P_1d));
77       *max_P_1d = CeedIntMax(*max_P_1d, field_P_1d);
78       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetDimension(basis, &field_dim));
79       CeedCheck(*dim == 0 || field_dim == *dim, ceed, CEED_ERROR_BACKEND, "Quadrature spaces must be compatible");
80       *dim = field_dim;
81       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadraturePoints1D(basis, &field_Q_1d));
82       CeedCheck(*Q_1d == 0 || field_Q_1d == *Q_1d, ceed, CEED_ERROR_BACKEND, "Quadrature spaces must be compatible");
83       *Q_1d = field_Q_1d;
84     }
85     CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisDestroy(&basis));
86   }
87   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_output_fields; i++) {
88     CeedBasis basis;
89 
90     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(op_output_fields[i], &basis));
91     if (basis != CEED_BASIS_NONE) {
92       bool    is_field_tensor;
93       CeedInt field_P_1d = 0, field_Q_1d = 0, field_dim = 0;
94 
95       // Collect dim, P_1d, and Q_1d
96       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisIsTensor(basis, &is_field_tensor));
97       CeedCheck(is_field_tensor, ceed, CEED_ERROR_BACKEND, "Backend does not implement operators with non-tensor basis");
98       *is_tensor = *is_tensor && is_field_tensor;
99       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumNodes1D(basis, &field_P_1d));
100       *max_P_1d = CeedIntMax(*max_P_1d, field_P_1d);
101       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetDimension(basis, &field_dim));
102       CeedCheck(*dim == 0 || field_dim == *dim, ceed, CEED_ERROR_BACKEND, "Quadrature spaces must be compatible");
103       *dim = field_dim;
104       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadraturePoints1D(basis, &field_Q_1d));
105       CeedCheck(*Q_1d == 0 || field_Q_1d == *Q_1d, ceed, CEED_ERROR_BACKEND, "Quadrature spaces must be compatible");
106       *Q_1d = field_Q_1d;
107     }
108     CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisDestroy(&basis));
109   }
110 
111   // Only use 3D collocated gradient parallelization strategy when gradient is computed
112   *use_3d_slices = false;
113   if (*dim == 3) {
114     bool was_grad_found = false;
115 
116     for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_input_fields; i++) {
117       CeedEvalMode eval_mode;
118 
119       CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_input_fields[i], &eval_mode));
120       if (eval_mode == CEED_EVAL_GRAD) {
121         CeedBasis_Hip_shared *basis_data;
122         CeedBasis             basis;
123 
124         CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(op_input_fields[i], &basis));
125         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetData(basis, &basis_data));
126         *use_3d_slices = basis_data->d_collo_grad_1d && (was_grad_found ? *use_3d_slices : true);
127         was_grad_found = true;
128         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisDestroy(&basis));
129       }
130     }
131     for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_output_fields; i++) {
132       CeedEvalMode eval_mode;
133 
134       CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_output_fields[i], &eval_mode));
135       if (eval_mode == CEED_EVAL_GRAD) {
136         CeedBasis_Hip_shared *basis_data;
137         CeedBasis             basis;
138 
139         CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(op_output_fields[i], &basis));
140         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetData(basis, &basis_data));
141         *use_3d_slices = basis_data->d_collo_grad_1d && (was_grad_found ? *use_3d_slices : true);
142         was_grad_found = true;
143         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisDestroy(&basis));
144       }
145     }
146   }
147   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
148 }
149 
150 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
151 // Setup fields
152 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
153 static int CeedOperatorBuildKernelFieldData_Hip_gen(std::ostringstream &code, CeedOperator_Hip_gen *data, CeedInt i, CeedOperatorField op_field,
154                                                     CeedQFunctionField qf_field, CeedInt Q_1d, bool is_input, bool is_at_points, bool use_3d_slices) {
155   std::string           var_suffix = (is_input ? "_in_" : "_out_") + std::to_string(i);
156   std::string           P_name = "P_1d" + var_suffix, Q_name = "Q_1d";
157   std::string           option_name = (is_input ? "inputs" : "outputs");
158   CeedEvalMode          eval_mode   = CEED_EVAL_NONE;
159   CeedInt               elem_size = 0, num_comp = 0, P_1d = 0;
160   CeedElemRestriction   elem_rstr;
161   CeedBasis_Hip_shared *basis_data;
162   CeedBasis             basis;
163 
164   code << "  // -- " << (is_input ? "Input" : "Output") << " field " << i << "\n";
165 
166   // Get field data
167   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(op_field, &elem_rstr));
168   if (elem_rstr != CEED_ELEMRESTRICTION_NONE) {
169     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetElementSize(elem_rstr, &elem_size));
170     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetNumComponents(elem_rstr, &num_comp));
171   }
172   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&elem_rstr));
173   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(op_field, &basis));
174   if (basis != CEED_BASIS_NONE) {
175     CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetData(basis, &basis_data));
176     CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumNodes1D(basis, &P_1d));
177   }
178   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_field, &eval_mode));
179 
180   // Set field constants
181   if (eval_mode != CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT) {
182     code << "  const CeedInt " << P_name << " = " << (basis == CEED_BASIS_NONE ? Q_1d : P_1d) << ";\n";
183     code << "  const CeedInt num_comp" << var_suffix << " = " << num_comp << ";\n";
184   }
185 
186   // Load basis data
187   code << "  // EvalMode: " << CeedEvalModes[eval_mode] << "\n";
188   switch (eval_mode) {
189     case CEED_EVAL_NONE:
190       break;
191     case CEED_EVAL_INTERP:
192       if (is_at_points) {
193         // AtPoints
194         if (!basis_data->d_chebyshev_interp_1d) {
195           CeedSize    interp_bytes;
196           CeedScalar *chebyshev_interp_1d;
197 
198           interp_bytes = P_1d * Q_1d * sizeof(CeedScalar);
199           CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(P_1d * Q_1d, &chebyshev_interp_1d));
200           CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetChebyshevInterp1D(basis, chebyshev_interp_1d));
201           CeedCallHip(CeedBasisReturnCeed(basis), hipMalloc((void **)&basis_data->d_chebyshev_interp_1d, interp_bytes));
202           CeedCallHip(CeedBasisReturnCeed(basis),
203                       hipMemcpy(basis_data->d_chebyshev_interp_1d, chebyshev_interp_1d, interp_bytes, hipMemcpyHostToDevice));
204           CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&chebyshev_interp_1d));
205         }
206         if (is_input) data->B.inputs[i] = basis_data->d_chebyshev_interp_1d;
207         else data->B.outputs[i] = basis_data->d_chebyshev_interp_1d;
208       } else {
209         // Standard quadrature
210         if (is_input) data->B.inputs[i] = basis_data->d_interp_1d;
211         else data->B.outputs[i] = basis_data->d_interp_1d;
212       }
213       code << "  __shared__ CeedScalar s_B" << var_suffix << "[" << P_1d * Q_1d << "];\n";
214       code << "  LoadMatrix<" << P_name << ", " << Q_name << ">(data, B." << option_name << "[" << i << "], s_B" << var_suffix << ");\n";
215       break;
216     case CEED_EVAL_GRAD:
217       if (is_at_points) {
218         // AtPoints
219         if (!basis_data->d_chebyshev_interp_1d) {
220           CeedSize    interp_bytes;
221           CeedScalar *chebyshev_interp_1d;
222 
223           interp_bytes = P_1d * Q_1d * sizeof(CeedScalar);
224           CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(P_1d * Q_1d, &chebyshev_interp_1d));
225           CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetChebyshevInterp1D(basis, chebyshev_interp_1d));
226           CeedCallHip(CeedBasisReturnCeed(basis), hipMalloc((void **)&basis_data->d_chebyshev_interp_1d, interp_bytes));
227           CeedCallHip(CeedBasisReturnCeed(basis),
228                       hipMemcpy(basis_data->d_chebyshev_interp_1d, chebyshev_interp_1d, interp_bytes, hipMemcpyHostToDevice));
229           CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&chebyshev_interp_1d));
230         }
231         if (is_input) data->B.inputs[i] = basis_data->d_chebyshev_interp_1d;
232         else data->B.outputs[i] = basis_data->d_chebyshev_interp_1d;
233       } else {
234         // Standard quadrature
235         if (is_input) data->B.inputs[i] = basis_data->d_interp_1d;
236         else data->B.outputs[i] = basis_data->d_interp_1d;
237       }
238       code << "  __shared__ CeedScalar s_B" << var_suffix << "[" << P_1d * Q_1d << "];\n";
239       code << "  LoadMatrix<" << P_name << ", " << Q_name << ">(data, B." << option_name << "[" << i << "], s_B" << var_suffix << ");\n";
240       if (is_at_points) break;  // No G mat for AtPoints
241       if (use_3d_slices) {
242         if (is_input) data->G.inputs[i] = basis_data->d_collo_grad_1d;
243         else data->G.outputs[i] = basis_data->d_collo_grad_1d;
244         code << "  __shared__ CeedScalar s_G" << var_suffix << "[" << Q_1d * Q_1d << "];\n";
245         code << "  LoadMatrix<" << Q_name << ", " << Q_name << ">(data, G." << option_name << "[" << i << "], s_G" << var_suffix << ");\n";
246       } else {
247         bool has_collo_grad = basis_data->d_collo_grad_1d;
248 
249         if (is_input) data->G.inputs[i] = has_collo_grad ? basis_data->d_collo_grad_1d : basis_data->d_grad_1d;
250         else data->G.outputs[i] = has_collo_grad ? basis_data->d_collo_grad_1d : basis_data->d_grad_1d;
251         if (has_collo_grad) {
252           code << "  __shared__ CeedScalar s_G" << var_suffix << "[" << Q_1d * Q_1d << "];\n";
253           code << "  LoadMatrix<" << Q_name << ", " << Q_name << ">(data, G." << option_name << "[" << i << "], s_G" << var_suffix << ");\n";
254         } else {
255           code << "  __shared__ CeedScalar s_G" << var_suffix << "[" << Q_1d * P_1d << "];\n";
256           code << "  LoadMatrix<" << P_name << ", " << Q_name << ">(data, G." << option_name << "[" << i << "], s_G" << var_suffix << ");\n";
257         }
258       }
259       break;
260     case CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT:
261       break;  // No action
262       // LCOV_EXCL_START
263     case CEED_EVAL_DIV:
264     case CEED_EVAL_CURL:
265       break;  // TODO: Not implemented
266               // LCOV_EXCL_STOP
267   }
268   CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisDestroy(&basis));
269   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
270 }
271 
272 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
273 // Restriction
274 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
275 static int CeedOperatorBuildKernelRestriction_Hip_gen(std::ostringstream &code, CeedOperator_Hip_gen *data, CeedInt i, CeedInt dim,
276                                                       CeedInt field_input_buffer[], CeedOperatorField op_field, CeedQFunctionField qf_field,
277                                                       CeedInt Q_1d, bool is_input, bool is_at_points, bool use_3d_slices) {
278   std::string              var_suffix = (is_input ? "_in_" : "_out_") + std::to_string(i);
279   std::string              P_name     = "P_1d" + var_suffix;
280   CeedEvalMode             eval_mode  = CEED_EVAL_NONE;
281   CeedInt                  elem_size = 0, num_comp = 0, P_1d = 0;
282   CeedSize                 l_size;
283   CeedRestrictionType      rstr_type = CEED_RESTRICTION_STANDARD;
284   CeedElemRestriction_Hip *rstr_data;
285   CeedElemRestriction      elem_rstr;
286   CeedBasis                basis;
287 
288   // Get field data
289   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(op_field, &elem_rstr));
290   if (elem_rstr != CEED_ELEMRESTRICTION_NONE) {
291     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetType(elem_rstr, &rstr_type));
292     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetElementSize(elem_rstr, &elem_size));
293     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetNumComponents(elem_rstr, &num_comp));
294     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetData(elem_rstr, &rstr_data));
295   }
296   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(op_field, &basis));
297   if (basis != CEED_BASIS_NONE) {
298     CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumNodes1D(basis, &P_1d));
299   }
300   CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisDestroy(&basis));
301   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_field, &eval_mode));
302 
303   // Restriction
304   if (is_input) {
305     // Input
306     if (field_input_buffer[i] != i) {
307       std::string buffer_name = "r_e_in_" + std::to_string(field_input_buffer[i]);
308 
309       // Restriction was already done for previous input
310       code << "    CeedScalar *r_e" << var_suffix << " = " << buffer_name << ";\n";
311     } else if (eval_mode != CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT && !((eval_mode == CEED_EVAL_NONE) && use_3d_slices && is_at_points)) {
312       if (eval_mode == CEED_EVAL_NONE && rstr_type != CEED_RESTRICTION_POINTS) {
313         // No basis action, so r_e_in_* in also r_q_in_* and needs to be allocated
314         code << "    CeedScalar r_e" << var_suffix << "[num_comp" << var_suffix << "*" << P_name << "];\n";
315       } else if (rstr_type != CEED_RESTRICTION_POINTS) {
316         // Otherwise we're using the scratch space
317         code << "    CeedScalar *r_e" << var_suffix << " = r_e_scratch;\n";
318       }
319       switch (rstr_type) {
320         case CEED_RESTRICTION_STANDARD: {
321           CeedInt comp_stride;
322 
323           CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetLVectorSize(elem_rstr, &l_size));
324           code << "    const CeedInt l_size" << var_suffix << " = " << l_size << ";\n";
325           CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetCompStride(elem_rstr, &comp_stride));
326           code << "    // CompStride: " << comp_stride << "\n";
327           data->indices.inputs[i] = (CeedInt *)rstr_data->d_offsets;
328           code << "    ReadLVecStandard" << dim << "d<num_comp" << var_suffix << ", " << comp_stride << ", " << P_name << ">(data, l_size"
329                << var_suffix << ", elem, indices.inputs[" << i << "], d" << var_suffix << ", r_e" << var_suffix << ");\n";
330           break;
331         }
332         case CEED_RESTRICTION_STRIDED: {
333           bool    has_backend_strides;
334           CeedInt num_elem;
335 
336           CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionHasBackendStrides(elem_rstr, &has_backend_strides));
337           CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetNumElements(elem_rstr, &num_elem));
338           CeedInt strides[3] = {1, elem_size * num_elem, elem_size};
339 
340           if (!has_backend_strides) {
341             CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetStrides(elem_rstr, strides));
342           }
343           code << "    // Strides: {" << strides[0] << ", " << strides[1] << ", " << strides[2] << "}\n";
344           code << "    ReadLVecStrided" << dim << "d<num_comp" << var_suffix << ", " << P_name << "," << strides[0] << "," << strides[1] << ","
345                << strides[2] << ">(data, elem, d" << var_suffix << ", r_e" << var_suffix << ");\n";
346           break;
347         }
348         case CEED_RESTRICTION_POINTS: {
349           CeedInt comp_stride;
350 
351           CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetCompStride(elem_rstr, &comp_stride));
352           code << "    const CeedInt comp_stride" << var_suffix << " = " << comp_stride << ";\n";
353           data->indices.inputs[i] = (CeedInt *)rstr_data->d_offsets;
354           break;
355         }
356         // LCOV_EXCL_START
357         case CEED_RESTRICTION_ORIENTED:
358         case CEED_RESTRICTION_CURL_ORIENTED:
359           break;  // TODO: Not implemented
360                   // LCOV_EXCL_STOP
361       }
362     }
363   } else {
364     // Output
365     switch (rstr_type) {
366       case CEED_RESTRICTION_STANDARD: {
367         CeedInt comp_stride;
368 
369         CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetLVectorSize(elem_rstr, &l_size));
370         code << "    const CeedInt l_size" << var_suffix << " = " << l_size << ";\n";
371         CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetCompStride(elem_rstr, &comp_stride));
372         code << "    // CompStride: " << comp_stride << "\n";
373         data->indices.outputs[i] = (CeedInt *)rstr_data->d_offsets;
374         code << "    WriteLVecStandard" << dim << "d<num_comp" << var_suffix << ", " << comp_stride << ", " << P_name << ">(data, l_size"
375              << var_suffix << ", elem, indices.outputs[" << i << "], r_e" << var_suffix << ", d" << var_suffix << ");\n";
376         break;
377       }
378       case CEED_RESTRICTION_STRIDED: {
379         bool    has_backend_strides;
380         CeedInt num_elem;
381 
382         CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionHasBackendStrides(elem_rstr, &has_backend_strides));
383         CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetNumElements(elem_rstr, &num_elem));
384         CeedInt strides[3] = {1, elem_size * num_elem, elem_size};
385 
386         if (!has_backend_strides) {
387           CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetStrides(elem_rstr, strides));
388         }
389         code << "    // Strides: {" << strides[0] << ", " << strides[1] << ", " << strides[2] << "}\n";
390         code << "    WriteLVecStrided" << dim << "d<num_comp" << var_suffix << ", " << P_name << "," << strides[0] << "," << strides[1] << ","
391              << strides[2] << ">(data, elem, r_e" << var_suffix << ", d" << var_suffix << ");\n";
392         break;
393       }
394       case CEED_RESTRICTION_POINTS:
395         data->indices.outputs[i] = (CeedInt *)rstr_data->d_offsets;
396         break;
397       // LCOV_EXCL_START
398       case CEED_RESTRICTION_ORIENTED:
399       case CEED_RESTRICTION_CURL_ORIENTED:
400         break;  // TODO: Not implemented
401                 // LCOV_EXCL_STOP
402     }
403   }
404   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&elem_rstr));
405   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
406 }
407 
408 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
409 // Basis
410 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
411 static int CeedOperatorBuildKernelBasis_Hip_gen(std::ostringstream &code, CeedOperator_Hip_gen *data, CeedInt i, CeedInt dim,
412                                                 CeedOperatorField op_field, CeedQFunctionField qf_field, CeedInt Q_1d, bool is_input,
413                                                 bool is_at_points, bool use_3d_slices) {
414   std::string         var_suffix = (is_input ? "_in_" : "_out_") + std::to_string(i);
415   std::string         P_name = "P_1d" + var_suffix, Q_name = "Q_1d";
416   CeedEvalMode        eval_mode = CEED_EVAL_NONE;
417   CeedInt             elem_size = 0, num_comp = 0, P_1d = 0;
418   CeedElemRestriction elem_rstr;
419   CeedBasis           basis;
420 
421   // Get field data
422   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(op_field, &elem_rstr));
423   if (elem_rstr != CEED_ELEMRESTRICTION_NONE) {
424     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetElementSize(elem_rstr, &elem_size));
425     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetNumComponents(elem_rstr, &num_comp));
426   }
427   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&elem_rstr));
428   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(op_field, &basis));
429   if (basis != CEED_BASIS_NONE) {
430     CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumNodes1D(basis, &P_1d));
431   }
432   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_field, &eval_mode));
433 
434   // Basis
435   code << "    // EvalMode: " << CeedEvalModes[eval_mode] << "\n";
436   if (is_input) {
437     switch (eval_mode) {
438       case CEED_EVAL_NONE:
439         if (!use_3d_slices && !is_at_points) {
440           code << "    CeedScalar *r_q" << var_suffix << " = r_e" << var_suffix << ";\n";
441         }
442         break;
443       case CEED_EVAL_INTERP:
444         if (is_at_points) {
445           code << "    CeedScalar r_c" << var_suffix << "[num_comp" << var_suffix << "*" << (dim > 2 ? Q_name : "1") << "];\n";
446           code << "    Interp" << (dim > 1 ? "Tensor" : "") << dim << "d<num_comp" << var_suffix << ", P_1d" << var_suffix << ", " << Q_name
447                << ">(data, r_e" << var_suffix << ", s_B" << var_suffix << ", r_c" << var_suffix << ");\n";
448         } else {
449           code << "    CeedScalar r_q" << var_suffix << "[num_comp" << var_suffix << "*" << Q_name << "];\n";
450           code << "    Interp" << (dim > 1 ? "Tensor" : "") << dim << "d<num_comp" << var_suffix << ", P_1d" << var_suffix << ", " << Q_name
451                << ">(data, r_e" << var_suffix << ", s_B" << var_suffix << ", r_q" << var_suffix << ");\n";
452         }
453         break;
454       case CEED_EVAL_GRAD:
455         if (is_at_points) {
456           code << "    CeedScalar r_c" << var_suffix << "[num_comp" << var_suffix << "*" << (dim > 2 ? Q_name : "1") << "];\n";
457           code << "    Interp" << (dim > 1 ? "Tensor" : "") << dim << "d<num_comp" << var_suffix << ", P_1d" << var_suffix << ", " << Q_name
458                << ">(data, r_e" << var_suffix << ", s_B" << var_suffix << ", r_c" << var_suffix << ");\n";
459         } else if (use_3d_slices) {
460           code << "    CeedScalar r_q" << var_suffix << "[num_comp" << var_suffix << "*" << Q_name << "];\n";
461           code << "    Interp" << (dim > 1 ? "Tensor" : "") << dim << "d<num_comp" << var_suffix << ", P_1d" << var_suffix << ", " << Q_name
462                << ">(data, r_e" << var_suffix << ", s_B" << var_suffix << ", r_q" << var_suffix << ");\n";
463         } else {
464           code << "    CeedScalar r_q" << var_suffix << "[num_comp" << var_suffix << "*dim*" << Q_name << "];\n";
465           code << "    Grad" << (dim > 1 ? "Tensor" : "") << (dim == 3 && Q_1d >= P_1d ? "Collocated" : "") << dim << "d<num_comp" << var_suffix
466                << ", P_1d" << var_suffix << ", " << Q_name << ">(data, r_e" << var_suffix << ", s_B" << var_suffix << ", s_G" << var_suffix << ", r_q"
467                << var_suffix << ");\n";
468         }
469         break;
470       case CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT: {
471         if (is_at_points) {
472           code << "    // Nothing to do AtPoints\n";
473         } else {
474           CeedBasis_Hip_shared *basis_data;
475 
476           code << "    CeedScalar r_q" << var_suffix << "[" << Q_name << "];\n";
477           CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetData(basis, &basis_data));
478           data->W = basis_data->d_q_weight_1d;
479           code << "    Weight" << (dim > 1 ? "Tensor" : "") << dim << "d<" << Q_name << ">(data, W, r_q" << var_suffix << ");\n";
480         }
481         break;
482       }
483       // LCOV_EXCL_START
484       case CEED_EVAL_DIV:
485       case CEED_EVAL_CURL:
486         break;  // TODO: Not implemented
487                 // LCOV_EXCL_STOP
488     }
489   } else {
490     switch (eval_mode) {
491       case CEED_EVAL_NONE:
492         code << "    CeedScalar *r_e" << var_suffix << " = r_q" << var_suffix << ";\n";
493         break;  // No action
494       case CEED_EVAL_INTERP:
495         code << "    CeedScalar *r_e" << var_suffix << " = r_e_scratch;\n";
496         if (is_at_points) {
497           code << "    InterpTranspose" << (dim > 1 ? "Tensor" : "") << dim << "d<num_comp" << var_suffix << ", " << P_name << ", " << Q_name
498                << ">(data, r_c" << var_suffix << ", s_B" << var_suffix << ", r_e" << var_suffix << ");\n";
499         } else {
500           code << "    InterpTranspose" << (dim > 1 ? "Tensor" : "") << dim << "d<num_comp" << var_suffix << ", " << P_name << ", " << Q_name
501                << ">(data, r_q" << var_suffix << ", s_B" << var_suffix << ", r_e" << var_suffix << ");\n";
502         }
503         break;
504       case CEED_EVAL_GRAD:
505         code << "    CeedScalar *r_e" << var_suffix << " = r_e_scratch;\n";
506         if (is_at_points) {
507           code << "    InterpTranspose" << (dim > 1 ? "Tensor" : "") << dim << "d<num_comp" << var_suffix << ", " << P_name << ", " << Q_name
508                << ">(data, r_c" << var_suffix << ", s_B" << var_suffix << ", r_e" << var_suffix << ");\n";
509         } else if (use_3d_slices) {
510           code << "    InterpTranspose" << (dim > 1 ? "Tensor" : "") << dim << "d<num_comp" << var_suffix << ", " << P_name << ", " << Q_name
511                << ">(data, r_q" << var_suffix << ", s_B" << var_suffix << ", r_e" << var_suffix << ");\n";
512         } else {
513           code << "    GradTranspose" << (dim > 1 ? "Tensor" : "") << (dim == 3 && Q_1d >= P_1d ? "Collocated" : "") << dim << "d<num_comp"
514                << var_suffix << ", " << P_name << "," << Q_name << ">(data, r_q" << var_suffix << ", s_B" << var_suffix << ", s_G" << var_suffix
515                << ", r_e" << var_suffix << ");\n";
516         }
517         break;
518       // LCOV_EXCL_START
519       case CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT:
520         break;  // Should not occur
521       case CEED_EVAL_DIV:
522       case CEED_EVAL_CURL:
523         break;  // TODO: Not implemented
524                 // LCOV_EXCL_STOP
525     }
526   }
527   CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisDestroy(&basis));
528   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
529 }
530 
531 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
532 // QFunction
533 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
534 static int CeedOperatorBuildKernelQFunction_Hip_gen(std::ostringstream &code, CeedOperator_Hip_gen *data, CeedInt dim, CeedInt max_num_points,
535                                                     CeedInt num_input_fields, CeedOperatorField *op_input_fields, CeedQFunctionField *qf_input_fields,
536                                                     CeedInt num_output_fields, CeedOperatorField *op_output_fields,
537                                                     CeedQFunctionField *qf_output_fields, std::string qfunction_name, CeedInt Q_1d, bool is_at_points,
538                                                     bool use_3d_slices) {
539   std::string         Q_name    = "Q_1d";
540   CeedEvalMode        eval_mode = CEED_EVAL_NONE;
541   CeedElemRestriction elem_rstr;
542 
543   // Setup output arrays
544   code << "\n    // -- Output field setup\n";
545   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_output_fields; i++) {
546     std::string var_suffix = "_out_" + std::to_string(i);
547 
548     code << "    // ---- Output field " << i << "\n";
549     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_output_fields[i], &eval_mode));
550     switch (eval_mode) {
551       case CEED_EVAL_NONE:
552         if (is_at_points) {
553           code << "    CeedScalar r_q" << var_suffix << "[num_comp" << var_suffix << "];\n";
554         } else {
555           code << "    CeedScalar r_q" << var_suffix << "[num_comp" << var_suffix << "*" << Q_name << "];\n";
556         }
557         break;
558       case CEED_EVAL_INTERP:
559         if (is_at_points) {
560           // Accumulator for point data
561           code << "    CeedScalar r_c" << var_suffix << "[num_comp" << var_suffix << "*" << (dim > 2 ? Q_name : "1") << "];\n";
562           code << "    for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_comp" << var_suffix << "*" << (dim > 2 ? Q_name : "1") << "; i++) {\n";
563           code << "      r_c" << var_suffix << "[i] = 0.0;\n";
564           code << "    }\n";
565         } else {
566           code << "    CeedScalar r_q" << var_suffix << "[num_comp" << var_suffix << "*" << Q_name << "];\n";
567         }
568         break;
569       case CEED_EVAL_GRAD:
570         if (is_at_points) {
571           // Accumulator for point data
572           code << "    CeedScalar r_c" << var_suffix << "[num_comp" << var_suffix << "*" << (dim > 2 ? Q_name : "1") << "*dim];\n";
573           code << "    for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_comp" << var_suffix << "*" << (dim > 2 ? Q_name : "1") << "; i++) {\n";
574           code << "      r_c" << var_suffix << "[i] = 0.0;\n";
575           code << "    }\n";
576         } else if (use_3d_slices) {
577           // Accumulator for gradient slices
578           code << "    CeedScalar r_q" << var_suffix << "[num_comp" << var_suffix << "*" << Q_name << "];\n";
579           code << "    for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_comp" << var_suffix << "*" << Q_name << "; i++) {\n";
580           code << "      r_q" << var_suffix << "[i] = 0.0;\n";
581           code << "    }\n";
582         } else {
583           code << "    CeedScalar r_q" << var_suffix << "[num_comp" << var_suffix << "*dim*" << Q_name << "];\n";
584         }
585         break;
586       case CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT:
587         break;
588         // LCOV_EXCL_START
589       case CEED_EVAL_DIV:
590       case CEED_EVAL_CURL:
591         break;  // TODO: Not implemented
592                 // LCOV_EXCL_STOP
593     }
594   }
595 
596   if (is_at_points) {
597     // We need to handle batches of points
598     code << "\n    // Note: Using batches of points\n";
599     code << "    const CeedInt point_loop_bound = (blockDim.x * blockDim.y) * ceil(1.0 * max_num_points / (blockDim.x * blockDim.y));\n\n";
600     code << "    #pragma unroll\n";
601     code << "    for (CeedInt i = threadIdx.x + threadIdx.y * blockDim.x; i < point_loop_bound; i += blockDim.x * blockDim.y) {\n";
602     code << "      const CeedInt p = i % max_num_points;\n\n";
603 
604     code << "      // -- Coordinates\n";
605     code << "      CeedScalar r_x[dim];\n";
606     code << "      ReadPoint<dim, coords_comp_stride, max_num_points>(data, elem, p, max_num_points, points.indices, points.coords, r_x);\n\n";
607 
608     code << "      // -- Input fields\n";
609     for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_input_fields; i++) {
610       std::string var_suffix = "_in_" + std::to_string(i);
611 
612       code << "      // ---- Input field " << i << "\n";
613       CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_input_fields[i], &eval_mode));
614       // Basis action
615       code << "      // EvalMode: " << CeedEvalModes[eval_mode] << "\n";
616       switch (eval_mode) {
617         case CEED_EVAL_NONE:
618           code << "      CeedScalar r_s" << var_suffix << "[num_comp" << var_suffix << "];\n";
619           code << "      ReadPoint<num_comp" << var_suffix << ", comp_stride" << var_suffix
620                << ", max_num_points>(data, elem, p, max_num_points, indices.inputs[" << i << "], d" << var_suffix << ", r_s" << var_suffix << ");\n";
621           break;
622         case CEED_EVAL_INTERP:
623           code << "      CeedScalar r_s" << var_suffix << "[num_comp" << var_suffix << "];\n";
624           code << "      InterpAtPoints" << dim << "d<num_comp" << var_suffix << ", max_num_points, " << Q_name << ">(data, i, r_c" << var_suffix
625                << ", r_x, r_s" << var_suffix << ");\n";
626           break;
627         case CEED_EVAL_GRAD:
628           code << "      CeedScalar r_s" << var_suffix << "[num_comp" << var_suffix << "*dim];\n";
629           code << "      GradAtPoints" << dim << "d<num_comp" << var_suffix << ", max_num_points, " << Q_name << ">(data, i, r_c" << var_suffix
630                << ", r_x, r_s" << var_suffix << ");\n";
631           break;
632         case CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT:
633           code << "      CeedScalar r_s" << var_suffix << "[1];\n";
634           code << "      r_s" << var_suffix << "[0] = 1.0;\n";
635           break;
636           // LCOV_EXCL_START
637         case CEED_EVAL_DIV:
638         case CEED_EVAL_CURL:
639           break;  // TODO: Not implemented
640                   // LCOV_EXCL_STOP
641       }
642     }
643     code << "\n      // -- Output fields\n";
644     for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_output_fields; i++) {
645       std::string var_suffix = "_out_" + std::to_string(i);
646 
647       code << "      // ---- Output field " << i << "\n";
648       CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_output_fields[i], &eval_mode));
649       // Basis action
650       switch (eval_mode) {
651         case CEED_EVAL_NONE:
652           code << "      CeedScalar r_s" << var_suffix << "[num_comp" << var_suffix << "];\n";
653           break;
654         case CEED_EVAL_INTERP:
655           code << "      CeedScalar r_s" << var_suffix << "[num_comp" << var_suffix << "];\n";
656           break;
657         case CEED_EVAL_GRAD:
658           code << "      CeedScalar r_s" << var_suffix << "[num_comp" << var_suffix << "*dim];\n";
659           break;
660           // LCOV_EXCL_START
661         case CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT:
662           break;  // Should not occur
663         case CEED_EVAL_DIV:
664         case CEED_EVAL_CURL:
665           break;  // TODO: Not implemented
666                   // LCOV_EXCL_STOP
667       }
668     }
669 
670   } else if (use_3d_slices) {
671     // We treat quadrature points per slice in 3d to save registers
672     code << "\n    // Note: Using planes of 3D elements\n";
673     code << "    #pragma unroll\n";
674     code << "    for (CeedInt q = 0; q < " << Q_name << "; q++) {\n";
675     code << "      // -- Input fields\n";
676     for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_input_fields; i++) {
677       std::string var_suffix = "_in_" + std::to_string(i);
678 
679       code << "      // ---- Input field " << i << "\n";
680       CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_input_fields[i], &eval_mode));
681       // Basis action
682       code << "      // EvalMode: " << CeedEvalModes[eval_mode] << "\n";
683       switch (eval_mode) {
684         case CEED_EVAL_NONE:
685           bool is_strided;
686 
687           code << "      CeedScalar r_s" << var_suffix << "[num_comp" << var_suffix << "];\n";
688 
689           CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(op_input_fields[i], &elem_rstr));
690           CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionIsStrided(elem_rstr, &is_strided));
691           if (is_strided) {
692             bool    has_backend_strides;
693             CeedInt num_elem, elem_size;
694 
695             CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetElementSize(elem_rstr, &elem_size));
696             CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionHasBackendStrides(elem_rstr, &has_backend_strides));
697             CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetNumElements(elem_rstr, &num_elem));
698             CeedInt strides[3] = {1, elem_size * num_elem, elem_size};
699 
700             if (!has_backend_strides) {
701               CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetStrides(elem_rstr, strides));
702             }
703             code << "      // Strides: {" << strides[0] << ", " << strides[1] << ", " << strides[2] << "}\n";
704             code << "      ReadEVecSliceStrided3d<num_comp" << var_suffix << ", " << Q_name << "," << strides[0] << "," << strides[1] << ","
705                  << strides[2] << ">(data, elem, q, d" << var_suffix << ", r_s" << var_suffix << ");\n";
706           } else {
707             CeedSize                 l_size = 0;
708             CeedInt                  comp_stride;
709             CeedElemRestriction_Hip *rstr_data;
710 
711             CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetLVectorSize(elem_rstr, &l_size));
712             code << "      const CeedInt l_size" << var_suffix << " = " << l_size << ";\n";
713             CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetCompStride(elem_rstr, &comp_stride));
714             code << "      // CompStride: " << comp_stride << "\n";
715             CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetData(elem_rstr, &rstr_data));
716             data->indices.inputs[i] = (CeedInt *)rstr_data->d_offsets;
717             code << "      ReadEVecSliceStandard3d<num_comp" << var_suffix << ", " << comp_stride << ", " << Q_name << ">(data, l_size" << var_suffix
718                  << ", elem, q, indices.inputs[" << i << "], d" << var_suffix << ", r_s" << var_suffix << ");\n";
719           }
720           break;
721         case CEED_EVAL_INTERP:
722           code << "      CeedScalar r_s" << var_suffix << "[num_comp" << var_suffix << "];\n";
723           code << "      for (CeedInt j = 0; j < num_comp" << var_suffix << "; j++) {\n";
724           code << "        r_s" << var_suffix << "[j] = r_q" << var_suffix << "[q + j*" << Q_name << "];\n";
725           code << "      }\n";
726           break;
727         case CEED_EVAL_GRAD:
728           code << "      CeedScalar r_s" << var_suffix << "[num_comp" << var_suffix << "*dim];\n";
729           code << "      GradColloSlice3d<num_comp" << var_suffix << ", " << Q_name << ">(data, q, r_q" << var_suffix << ", s_G" << var_suffix
730                << ", r_s" << var_suffix << ");\n";
731           break;
732         case CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT:
733           code << "      CeedScalar r_s" << var_suffix << "[1];\n";
734           code << "      r_s" << var_suffix << "[0] = r_q" << var_suffix << "[q];\n";
735           break;
736           // LCOV_EXCL_START
737         case CEED_EVAL_DIV:
738         case CEED_EVAL_CURL:
739           break;  // TODO: Not implemented
740                   // LCOV_EXCL_STOP
741       }
742     }
743     code << "\n      // -- Output fields\n";
744     for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_output_fields; i++) {
745       std::string var_suffix = "_out_" + std::to_string(i);
746 
747       code << "      // ---- Output field " << i << "\n";
748       CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_output_fields[i], &eval_mode));
749       // Basis action
750       switch (eval_mode) {
751         case CEED_EVAL_NONE:
752           code << "      CeedScalar r_s" << var_suffix << "[num_comp" << var_suffix << "];\n";
753           break;
754         case CEED_EVAL_INTERP:
755           code << "      CeedScalar r_s" << var_suffix << "[num_comp" << var_suffix << "];\n";
756           break;
757         case CEED_EVAL_GRAD:
758           code << "      CeedScalar r_s" << var_suffix << "[num_comp" << var_suffix << "*dim];\n";
759           break;
760           // LCOV_EXCL_START
761         case CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT:
762           break;  // Should not occur
763         case CEED_EVAL_DIV:
764         case CEED_EVAL_CURL:
765           break;  // TODO: Not implemented
766                   // LCOV_EXCL_STOP
767       }
768     }
769   } else {
770     code << "\n    // Note: Using full elements\n";
771     code << "    {\n";
772     code << "      // -- Input fields\n";
773     for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_input_fields; i++) {
774       code << "      // ---- Input field " << i << "\n";
775       code << "      CeedScalar *r_s_in_" << i << " = r_q_in_" << i << ";\n";
776     }
777     code << "      // -- Output fields\n";
778     for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_output_fields; i++) {
779       code << "      // ---- Output field " << i << "\n";
780       code << "      CeedScalar *r_s_out_" << i << " = r_q_out_" << i << ";\n";
781     }
782   }
783 
784   // Input and output buffers
785   code << "\n      // -- QFunction inputs and outputs\n";
786   code << "      // ---- Inputs\n";
787   code << "      CeedScalar *inputs[" << CeedIntMax(num_input_fields, 1) << "];\n";
788   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_input_fields; i++) {
789     code << "      // ------ Input field " << i << "\n";
790     code << "      inputs[" << i << "] = r_s_in_" << i << ";\n";
791   }
792   code << "      // ---- Outputs\n";
793   code << "      CeedScalar *outputs[" << CeedIntMax(num_output_fields, 1) << "];\n";
794   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_output_fields; i++) {
795     code << "      // ------ Output field " << i << "\n";
796     code << "      outputs[" << i << "] = r_s_out_" << i << ";\n";
797   }
798 
799   // Apply QFunction
800   code << "\n      // -- Apply QFunction\n";
801   code << "      " << qfunction_name << "(ctx, ";
802   if (dim != 3 || is_at_points || use_3d_slices) {
803     code << "1";
804   } else {
805     code << "Q_1d";
806   }
807   code << ", inputs, outputs);\n";
808 
809   if (is_at_points) {
810     // Map back to coefficients
811     code << "\n      // -- Output fields\n";
812     for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_output_fields; i++) {
813       std::string var_suffix = "_out_" + std::to_string(i);
814       std::string P_name     = "P_1d" + var_suffix;
815 
816       code << "      // ---- Output field " << i << "\n";
817       CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_output_fields[i], &eval_mode));
818       // Basis action
819       code << "      // EvalMode: " << CeedEvalModes[eval_mode] << "\n";
820       switch (eval_mode) {
821         case CEED_EVAL_NONE: {
822           CeedInt             comp_stride;
823           CeedElemRestriction elem_rstr;
824 
825           CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(op_output_fields[i], &elem_rstr));
826           CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetCompStride(elem_rstr, &comp_stride));
827           CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&elem_rstr));
828           code << "      const CeedInt comp_stride" << var_suffix << " = " << comp_stride << ";\n";
829           code << "      WritePoint<num_comp" << var_suffix << ", comp_stride" << var_suffix
830                << ", max_num_points>(data, elem, i, points.num_per_elem[elem], indices.outputs[" << i << "]"
831                << ", r_s" << var_suffix << ", d" << var_suffix << ");\n";
832           break;
833         }
834         case CEED_EVAL_INTERP:
835           code << "      if (i >= points.num_per_elem[elem]) {\n";
836           code << "        for (CeedInt j = 0; j < num_comp" << var_suffix << "; j++) r_s" << var_suffix << "[j] = 0.0;\n";
837           code << "      }\n";
838           code << "      InterpTransposeAtPoints" << dim << "d<num_comp" << var_suffix << ", max_num_points, " << Q_name << ">(data, i, r_s"
839                << var_suffix << ", r_x, r_c" << var_suffix << ");\n";
840           break;
841         case CEED_EVAL_GRAD:
842           code << "      if (i >= points.num_per_elem[elem]) {\n";
843           code << "        for (CeedInt j = 0; j < num_comp" << var_suffix << "*dim; j++) r_s" << var_suffix << "[j] = 0.0;\n";
844           code << "      }\n";
845           code << "      GradTransposeAtPoints" << dim << "d<num_comp" << var_suffix << ", max_num_points, " << Q_name << ">(data, i, r_s"
846                << var_suffix << ", r_x, r_c" << var_suffix << ");\n";
847           break;
848           // LCOV_EXCL_START
849         case CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT:
850           break;  // Should not occur
851         case CEED_EVAL_DIV:
852         case CEED_EVAL_CURL:
853           break;  // TODO: Not implemented
854                   // LCOV_EXCL_STOP
855       }
856     }
857   } else if (use_3d_slices) {
858     // Copy or apply transpose grad, if needed
859     code << "\n      // -- Output fields\n";
860     for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_output_fields; i++) {
861       std::string var_suffix = "_out_" + std::to_string(i);
862       std::string P_name     = "P_1d" + var_suffix;
863 
864       code << "      // ---- Output field " << i << "\n";
865       CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_output_fields[i], &eval_mode));
866       // Basis action
867       code << "      // EvalMode: " << CeedEvalModes[eval_mode] << "\n";
868       switch (eval_mode) {
869         case CEED_EVAL_NONE:
870           code << "      for (CeedInt j = 0; j < num_comp" << var_suffix << " ; j++) {\n";
871           code << "        r_q" << var_suffix << "[q + j*" << Q_name << "] = r_s" << var_suffix << "[j];\n";
872           code << "      }\n";
873           break;
874         case CEED_EVAL_INTERP:
875           code << "      for (CeedInt j = 0; j < num_comp" << var_suffix << " ; j++) {\n";
876           code << "        r_q" << var_suffix << "[q + j*" << Q_name << "] = r_s" << var_suffix << "[j];\n";
877           code << "      }\n";
878           break;
879         case CEED_EVAL_GRAD:
880           code << "      GradColloSliceTranspose3d<num_comp" << var_suffix << ", " << Q_name << ">(data, q, r_s" << var_suffix << ", s_G"
881                << var_suffix << ", r_q" << var_suffix << ");\n";
882           break;
883           // LCOV_EXCL_START
884         case CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT:
885           break;  // Should not occur
886         case CEED_EVAL_DIV:
887         case CEED_EVAL_CURL:
888           break;  // TODO: Not implemented
889                   // LCOV_EXCL_STOP
890       }
891     }
892   }
893   code << "    }\n";
894   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
895 }
896 
897 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
898 // Build single operator kernel
899 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
900 extern "C" int CeedOperatorBuildKernel_Hip_gen(CeedOperator op) {
901   bool                   is_tensor = true, is_at_points = false, use_3d_slices = false;
902   Ceed                   ceed;
903   CeedInt                Q_1d, num_input_fields, num_output_fields, dim = 1, max_num_points = 0, coords_comp_stride = 0;
904   CeedQFunctionField    *qf_input_fields, *qf_output_fields;
905   CeedQFunction_Hip_gen *qf_data;
906   CeedQFunction          qf;
907   CeedOperatorField     *op_input_fields, *op_output_fields;
908   CeedOperator_Hip_gen  *data;
909   std::ostringstream     code;
910 
911   {
912     bool is_setup_done;
913 
914     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorIsSetupDone(op, &is_setup_done));
915     if (is_setup_done) return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
916   }
917 
918   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetCeed(op, &ceed));
919   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetData(op, &data));
920   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetQFunction(op, &qf));
921   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionGetData(qf, &qf_data));
922   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetFields(op, &num_input_fields, &op_input_fields, &num_output_fields, &op_output_fields));
923   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionGetFields(qf, NULL, &qf_input_fields, NULL, &qf_output_fields));
924 
925   // Get operator data
926   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorIsAtPoints(op, &is_at_points));
927   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorBuildKernelData_Hip_gen(ceed, num_input_fields, op_input_fields, qf_input_fields, num_output_fields, op_output_fields,
928                                                       qf_output_fields, &data->max_P_1d, &Q_1d, &dim, &is_tensor, &use_3d_slices));
929   if (dim == 0) dim = 1;
930   data->dim = dim;
931   if (is_at_points) {
932     CeedElemRestriction_Hip *rstr_data;
933     CeedElemRestriction      rstr_points = NULL;
934 
935     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorAtPointsGetPoints(op, &rstr_points, NULL));
936     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetMaxPointsInElement(rstr_points, &max_num_points));
937     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetCompStride(rstr_points, &coords_comp_stride));
938     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetData(rstr_points, &rstr_data));
939     data->points.indices = (CeedInt *)rstr_data->d_offsets;
940     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&rstr_points));
941   }
942   if (is_at_points) use_3d_slices = false;
943   if (Q_1d == 0) {
944     if (is_at_points) Q_1d = max_num_points;
945     else CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetNumQuadraturePoints(op, &Q_1d));
946   }
947   data->Q_1d = Q_1d;
948 
949   // Check for restriction only identity operator
950   {
951     bool is_identity_qf;
952 
953     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionIsIdentity(qf, &is_identity_qf));
954     if (is_identity_qf) {
955       CeedEvalMode eval_mode_in, eval_mode_out;
956 
957       CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_input_fields[0], &eval_mode_in));
958       CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_output_fields[0], &eval_mode_out));
959       CeedCheck(eval_mode_in != CEED_EVAL_NONE || eval_mode_out != CEED_EVAL_NONE, ceed, CEED_ERROR_BACKEND,
960                 "Backend does not implement restriction only identity operators");
961     }
962   }
963 
964   // Load basis source files
965   // TODO: Add non-tensor, AtPoints
966   code << "// Tensor basis source\n";
967   code << "#include <ceed/jit-source/hip/hip-shared-basis-tensor-templates.h>\n\n";
968   code << "// AtPoints basis source\n";
969   code << "#include <ceed/jit-source/hip/hip-shared-basis-tensor-at-points-templates.h>\n\n";
970   code << "// CodeGen operator source\n";
971   code << "#include <ceed/jit-source/hip/hip-gen-templates.h>\n\n";
972 
973   // Get QFunction name
974   std::string qfunction_name(qf_data->qfunction_name);
975   std::string operator_name;
976 
977   operator_name = "CeedKernelHipGenOperator_" + qfunction_name;
978 
979   // Define CEED_Q_VLA
980   code << "\n#undef CEED_Q_VLA\n";
981   if (dim != 3 || is_at_points || use_3d_slices) {
982     code << "#define CEED_Q_VLA 1\n\n";
983   } else {
984     code << "#define CEED_Q_VLA " << Q_1d << "\n\n";
985   }
986 
987   // Add user QFunction source
988   {
989     const char *source_path;
990 
991     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionGetSourcePath(qf, &source_path));
992     CeedCheck(source_path, ceed, CEED_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED, "/gpu/hip/gen backend requires QFunction source code file");
993 
994     code << "// User QFunction source\n";
995     code << "#include \"" << source_path << "\"\n\n";
996   }
997 
998   // Setup
999   code << "\n// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n";
1000   code << "// Operator Kernel\n";
1001   code << "// \n";
1002   code << "// d_[in,out]_i:   CeedVector device array\n";
1003   code << "// r_[in,out]_e_i: Element vector register\n";
1004   code << "// r_[in,out]_q_i: Quadrature space vector register\n";
1005   code << "// r_[in,out]_c_i: AtPoints Chebyshev coefficents register\n";
1006   code << "// r_[in,out]_s_i: Quadrature space slice vector register\n";
1007   code << "// \n";
1008   code << "// s_B_[in,out]_i: Interpolation matrix, shared memory\n";
1009   code << "// s_G_[in,out]_i: Gradient matrix, shared memory\n";
1010   code << "// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n";
1011   code << "\nextern \"C\" __launch_bounds__(BLOCK_SIZE)\n";
1012   code << "__global__ void " << operator_name
1013        << "(CeedInt num_elem, void* ctx, FieldsInt_Hip indices, Fields_Hip fields, Fields_Hip B, Fields_Hip G, CeedScalar* W, Points_Hip points) {\n";
1014 
1015   // Scratch buffers
1016   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_input_fields; i++) {
1017     CeedEvalMode eval_mode;
1018 
1019     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_input_fields[i], &eval_mode));
1020     if (eval_mode != CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT) {  // Skip CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT
1021       code << "  const CeedScalar *d_in_" << i << " = fields.inputs[" << i << "];\n";
1022     }
1023   }
1024   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_output_fields; i++) {
1025     code << "  CeedScalar *d_out_" << i << " = fields.outputs[" << i << "];\n";
1026   }
1027 
1028   code << "  const CeedInt dim = " << dim << ";\n";
1029   code << "  const CeedInt Q_1d = " << Q_1d << ";\n";
1030   if (is_at_points) {
1031     code << "  const CeedInt max_num_points = " << max_num_points << ";\n";
1032     code << "  const CeedInt coords_comp_stride = " << coords_comp_stride << ";\n";
1033   }
1034 
1035   // Shared data
1036   code << "  extern __shared__ CeedScalar slice[];\n";
1037   code << "  SharedData_Hip data;\n";
1038   code << "  data.t_id_x = threadIdx.x;\n";
1039   code << "  data.t_id_y = threadIdx.y;\n";
1040   code << "  data.t_id_z = threadIdx.z;\n";
1041   code << "  data.t_id  = threadIdx.x + threadIdx.y*blockDim.x + threadIdx.z*blockDim.y*blockDim.x;\n";
1042   code << "  data.slice = slice + data.t_id_z*T_1D" << (dim > 1 ? "*T_1D" : "") << ";\n";
1043 
1044   // Initialize constants, and matrices B and G
1045   code << "\n  // Input field constants and basis data\n";
1046   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_input_fields; i++) {
1047     CeedCallBackend(
1048         CeedOperatorBuildKernelFieldData_Hip_gen(code, data, i, op_input_fields[i], qf_input_fields[i], Q_1d, true, is_at_points, use_3d_slices));
1049   }
1050   code << "\n  // Output field constants and basis data\n";
1051   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_output_fields; i++) {
1052     CeedCallBackend(
1053         CeedOperatorBuildKernelFieldData_Hip_gen(code, data, i, op_output_fields[i], qf_output_fields[i], Q_1d, false, is_at_points, use_3d_slices));
1054   }
1055 
1056   // Loop over all elements
1057   code << "\n  // Element loop\n";
1058   code << "  __syncthreads();\n";
1059   code << "  for (CeedInt elem = blockIdx.x*blockDim.z + threadIdx.z; elem < num_elem; elem += gridDim.x*blockDim.z) {\n";
1060 
1061   // -- Compute minimum buffer space needed
1062   CeedInt max_rstr_buffer_size = 1;
1063 
1064   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_input_fields; i++) {
1065     CeedInt             num_comp, elem_size;
1066     CeedElemRestriction elem_rstr;
1067 
1068     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(op_input_fields[i], &elem_rstr));
1069     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetNumComponents(elem_rstr, &num_comp));
1070     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetElementSize(elem_rstr, &elem_size));
1071     max_rstr_buffer_size = CeedIntMax(max_rstr_buffer_size, num_comp * elem_size);
1072     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&elem_rstr));
1073   }
1074   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_output_fields; i++) {
1075     CeedInt             num_comp, elem_size;
1076     CeedElemRestriction elem_rstr;
1077 
1078     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(op_output_fields[i], &elem_rstr));
1079     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetNumComponents(elem_rstr, &num_comp));
1080     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetElementSize(elem_rstr, &elem_size));
1081     max_rstr_buffer_size = CeedIntMax(max_rstr_buffer_size, num_comp * elem_size);
1082     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&elem_rstr));
1083   }
1084   code << "    // Scratch restriction buffer space\n";
1085   code << "    CeedScalar r_e_scratch[" << max_rstr_buffer_size << "];\n";
1086 
1087   // -- Determine best input field processing order
1088   CeedInt field_rstr_in_buffer[CEED_FIELD_MAX], input_field_order[CEED_FIELD_MAX];
1089 
1090   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_input_fields; i++) {
1091     field_rstr_in_buffer[i] = -1;
1092     input_field_order[i]    = -1;
1093   }
1094   {
1095     bool    is_ordered[CEED_FIELD_MAX];
1096     CeedInt curr_index = 0;
1097 
1098     for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_input_fields; i++) is_ordered[i] = false;
1099     for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_input_fields; i++) {
1100       CeedVector          vec_i;
1101       CeedElemRestriction rstr_i;
1102 
1103       if (is_ordered[i]) continue;
1104       field_rstr_in_buffer[i]       = i;
1105       is_ordered[i]                 = true;
1106       input_field_order[curr_index] = i;
1107       curr_index++;
1108       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_input_fields[i], &vec_i));
1109       if (vec_i == CEED_VECTOR_NONE) continue;  // CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT
1110       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(op_input_fields[i], &rstr_i));
1111       for (CeedInt j = i + 1; j < num_input_fields; j++) {
1112         CeedVector          vec_j;
1113         CeedElemRestriction rstr_j;
1114 
1115         CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_input_fields[j], &vec_j));
1116         CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(op_input_fields[j], &rstr_j));
1117         if (rstr_i == rstr_j && vec_i == vec_j) {
1118           field_rstr_in_buffer[j]       = i;
1119           is_ordered[j]                 = true;
1120           input_field_order[curr_index] = j;
1121           curr_index++;
1122         }
1123         CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&vec_j));
1124         CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&rstr_j));
1125       }
1126       CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&vec_i));
1127       CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&rstr_i));
1128     }
1129   }
1130 
1131   // -- Input restriction and basis
1132   code << "\n    // -- Input field restrictions and basis actions\n";
1133   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_input_fields; i++) {
1134     CeedInt f = input_field_order[i];
1135 
1136     code << "    // ---- Input field " << f << "\n";
1137 
1138     // ---- Restriction
1139     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorBuildKernelRestriction_Hip_gen(code, data, f, dim, field_rstr_in_buffer, op_input_fields[f], qf_input_fields[f], Q_1d,
1140                                                                true, is_at_points, use_3d_slices));
1141 
1142     // ---- Basis action
1143     CeedCallBackend(
1144         CeedOperatorBuildKernelBasis_Hip_gen(code, data, f, dim, op_input_fields[f], qf_input_fields[f], Q_1d, true, is_at_points, use_3d_slices));
1145   }
1146 
1147   // -- Q function
1148   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorBuildKernelQFunction_Hip_gen(code, data, dim, max_num_points, num_input_fields, op_input_fields, qf_input_fields,
1149                                                            num_output_fields, op_output_fields, qf_output_fields, qfunction_name, Q_1d, is_at_points,
1150                                                            use_3d_slices));
1151 
1152   // -- Output basis and restriction
1153   code << "\n    // -- Output field basis action and restrictions\n";
1154   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_output_fields; i++) {
1155     code << "    // ---- Output field " << i << "\n";
1156 
1157     // ---- Basis action
1158     CeedCallBackend(
1159         CeedOperatorBuildKernelBasis_Hip_gen(code, data, i, dim, op_output_fields[i], qf_output_fields[i], Q_1d, false, is_at_points, use_3d_slices));
1160 
1161     // ---- Restriction
1162     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorBuildKernelRestriction_Hip_gen(code, data, i, dim, NULL, op_output_fields[i], qf_output_fields[i], Q_1d, false,
1163                                                                is_at_points, use_3d_slices));
1164   }
1165 
1166   // Close loop and function
1167   code << "  }\n";
1168   code << "}\n";
1169   code << "// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\n";
1170 
1171   CeedInt block_sizes[3] = {0, 0, 0};
1172   CeedInt num_elem;
1173 
1174   // Compile
1175   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetNumElements(op, &num_elem));
1176   CeedCallBackend(BlockGridCalculate_Hip_gen(dim, num_elem, data->max_P_1d, Q_1d, block_sizes));
1177   CeedCallBackend(CeedCompile_Hip(ceed, code.str().c_str(), &data->module, 2, "T_1D", block_sizes[0], "BLOCK_SIZE",
1178                                   block_sizes[0] * block_sizes[1] * block_sizes[2]));
1179   CeedCallBackend(CeedGetKernel_Hip(ceed, data->module, operator_name.c_str(), &data->op));
1180   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorSetSetupDone(op));
1181   CeedCallBackend(CeedDestroy(&ceed));
1182   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionDestroy(&qf));
1183   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
1184 }
1185 
1186 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1187