xref: /libCEED/backends/hip-gen/ceed-hip-gen-operator-build.cpp (revision 6eb06d7cb0f5787c494a4969c0aa6769f3bcfbd0)
1 // Copyright (c) 2017-2025, Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC and other CEED contributors.
2 // All Rights Reserved. See the top-level LICENSE and NOTICE files for details.
3 //
4 // SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
5 //
6 // This file is part of CEED:  http://github.com/ceed
7 
8 #define CEED_DEBUG_COLOR 12
9 
10 #include <ceed.h>
11 #include <ceed/backend.h>
12 #include <ceed/jit-tools.h>
13 
14 #include <iostream>
15 #include <sstream>
16 #include <string>
17 
18 #include "../hip-ref/ceed-hip-ref.h"
19 #include "../hip-shared/ceed-hip-shared.h"
20 #include "../hip/ceed-hip-common.h"
21 #include "../hip/ceed-hip-compile.h"
22 #include "ceed-hip-gen.h"
23 
24 struct FieldReuse_Hip {
25   CeedInt      index;
26   bool         is_input;
27   CeedEvalMode eval_mode;
28 };
29 
30 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
31 // Calculate the block size used for launching the operator kernel
32 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
33 extern "C" int BlockGridCalculate_Hip_gen(const CeedInt dim, const CeedInt num_elem, const CeedInt P_1d, const CeedInt Q_1d, CeedInt *block_sizes) {
34   const CeedInt thread_1d = CeedIntMax(Q_1d, P_1d);
35   if (dim == 1) {
36     CeedInt elems_per_block = 64 * thread_1d > 256 ? 256 / thread_1d : 64;
37 
38     elems_per_block = elems_per_block > 0 ? elems_per_block : 1;
39     block_sizes[0]  = thread_1d;
40     block_sizes[1]  = 1;
41     block_sizes[2]  = elems_per_block;
42   } else if (dim == 2) {
43     const CeedInt elems_per_block = thread_1d < 4 ? 16 : 2;
44 
45     block_sizes[0] = thread_1d;
46     block_sizes[1] = thread_1d;
47     block_sizes[2] = elems_per_block;
48   } else if (dim == 3) {
49     const CeedInt elems_per_block = thread_1d < 6 ? 4 : (thread_1d < 8 ? 2 : 1);
50 
51     block_sizes[0] = thread_1d;
52     block_sizes[1] = thread_1d;
53     block_sizes[2] = elems_per_block;
54   }
55   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
56 }
57 
58 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
59 // Determine type of operator
60 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
61 static int CeedOperatorBuildKernelData_Hip_gen(Ceed ceed, CeedInt num_input_fields, CeedOperatorField *op_input_fields,
62                                                CeedQFunctionField *qf_input_fields, CeedInt num_output_fields, CeedOperatorField *op_output_fields,
63                                                CeedQFunctionField *qf_output_fields, CeedInt *max_P, CeedInt *max_P_1d, CeedInt *Q, CeedInt *Q_1d,
64                                                CeedInt *max_dim, bool *is_all_tensor, bool *use_3d_slices) {
65   // Check if all are tensor
66   *is_all_tensor = true;
67   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_input_fields; i++) {
68     CeedBasis basis;
69 
70     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(op_input_fields[i], &basis));
71     if (basis != CEED_BASIS_NONE) {
72       bool is_field_tensor;
73 
74       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisIsTensor(basis, &is_field_tensor));
75       *is_all_tensor = *is_all_tensor && is_field_tensor;
76     }
77     CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisDestroy(&basis));
78   }
79   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_output_fields; i++) {
80     CeedBasis basis;
81 
82     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(op_output_fields[i], &basis));
83     if (basis != CEED_BASIS_NONE) {
84       bool is_field_tensor;
85 
86       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisIsTensor(basis, &is_field_tensor));
87       *is_all_tensor = *is_all_tensor && is_field_tensor;
88     }
89     CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisDestroy(&basis));
90   }
91 
92   // Find max_P, max_P_1d, Q, and Q_1d
93   bool is_all_3d = true;
94 
95   *max_P    = 0;
96   *max_P_1d = 0;
97   *Q        = 0;
98   *Q_1d     = 0;
99   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_input_fields; i++) {
100     CeedBasis basis;
101 
102     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(op_input_fields[i], &basis));
103     if (basis != CEED_BASIS_NONE) {
104       bool    is_field_tensor;
105       CeedInt field_dim = 0, field_P = 0, field_P_1d = 0, field_Q = 0, field_Q_1d = 0;
106 
107       // Check if 3D
108       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetDimension(basis, &field_dim));
109       is_all_3d = is_all_3d && (field_dim == 3);
110       *max_dim  = CeedIntMax(*max_dim, field_dim);
111 
112       // Collect P, P_1d, Q, and Q_1d
113       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumNodes(basis, &field_P));
114       *max_P = CeedIntMax(*max_P, field_P);
115       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisIsTensor(basis, &is_field_tensor));
116       if (is_field_tensor) {
117         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumNodes1D(basis, &field_P_1d));
118         *max_P_1d = CeedIntMax(*max_P_1d, field_P_1d);
119       }
120       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadraturePoints(basis, &field_Q));
121       CeedCheck(*Q == 0 || field_Q == *Q, ceed, CEED_ERROR_BACKEND, "Quadrature spaces must be compatible");
122       *Q = field_Q;
123       if (is_field_tensor) {
124         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadraturePoints1D(basis, &field_Q_1d));
125         CeedCheck(*Q_1d == 0 || field_Q_1d == *Q_1d, ceed, CEED_ERROR_BACKEND, "Quadrature spaces must be compatible");
126         *Q_1d = field_Q_1d;
127       }
128     }
129     CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisDestroy(&basis));
130   }
131   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_output_fields; i++) {
132     CeedBasis basis;
133 
134     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(op_output_fields[i], &basis));
135     if (basis != CEED_BASIS_NONE) {
136       bool    is_field_tensor;
137       CeedInt field_dim = 0, field_P = 0, field_P_1d = 0, field_Q = 0, field_Q_1d = 0;
138 
139       // Check if 3D
140       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetDimension(basis, &field_dim));
141       is_all_3d = is_all_3d && (field_dim == 3);
142       *max_dim  = CeedIntMax(*max_dim, field_dim);
143 
144       // Collect P, P_1d, Q, and Q_1d
145       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumNodes(basis, &field_P));
146       *max_P = CeedIntMax(*max_P, field_P);
147       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisIsTensor(basis, &is_field_tensor));
148       if (is_field_tensor) {
149         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumNodes1D(basis, &field_P_1d));
150         *max_P_1d = CeedIntMax(*max_P_1d, field_P_1d);
151       }
152       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadraturePoints(basis, &field_Q));
153       CeedCheck(*Q == 0 || field_Q == *Q, ceed, CEED_ERROR_BACKEND, "Quadrature spaces must be compatible");
154       *Q = field_Q;
155       if (is_field_tensor) {
156         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadraturePoints1D(basis, &field_Q_1d));
157         CeedCheck(*Q_1d == 0 || field_Q_1d == *Q_1d, ceed, CEED_ERROR_BACKEND, "Quadrature spaces must be compatible");
158         *Q_1d = field_Q_1d;
159       }
160     }
161     CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisDestroy(&basis));
162   }
163 
164   // Only use 3D collocated gradient parallelization strategy when gradient is computed
165   *use_3d_slices = false;
166   if (is_all_3d && *is_all_tensor) {
167     bool was_grad_found = false;
168 
169     for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_input_fields; i++) {
170       CeedEvalMode eval_mode;
171 
172       CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_input_fields[i], &eval_mode));
173       if (eval_mode == CEED_EVAL_GRAD) {
174         CeedBasis_Hip_shared *basis_data;
175         CeedBasis             basis;
176 
177         CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(op_input_fields[i], &basis));
178         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetData(basis, &basis_data));
179         *use_3d_slices = basis_data->d_collo_grad_1d && (was_grad_found ? *use_3d_slices : true);
180         was_grad_found = true;
181         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisDestroy(&basis));
182       }
183     }
184     for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_output_fields; i++) {
185       CeedEvalMode eval_mode;
186 
187       CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_output_fields[i], &eval_mode));
188       if (eval_mode == CEED_EVAL_GRAD) {
189         CeedBasis_Hip_shared *basis_data;
190         CeedBasis             basis;
191 
192         CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(op_output_fields[i], &basis));
193         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetData(basis, &basis_data));
194         *use_3d_slices = basis_data->d_collo_grad_1d && (was_grad_found ? *use_3d_slices : true);
195         was_grad_found = true;
196         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisDestroy(&basis));
197       }
198     }
199   }
200   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
201 }
202 
203 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
204 // Setup fields
205 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
206 static int CeedOperatorBuildKernelFieldData_Hip_gen(std::ostringstream &code, CeedOperator_Hip_gen *data, CeedInt i, CeedOperatorField op_field,
207                                                     CeedQFunctionField qf_field, FieldReuse_Hip field_reuse, CeedInt max_dim, CeedInt Q, CeedInt Q_1d,
208                                                     bool is_input, bool is_all_tensor, bool is_at_points, bool use_3d_slices) {
209   bool      is_tensor = true;
210   CeedBasis basis;
211   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(op_field, &basis));
212   if (basis != CEED_BASIS_NONE) CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisIsTensor(basis, &is_tensor));
213 
214   const char           *field_name;
215   std::string           var_suffix = (is_input ? "_in_" : "_out_") + std::to_string(i);
216   std::string           P_name = (is_tensor ? "P_1d" : "P") + var_suffix, Q_name = is_tensor ? "Q_1d" : "Q";
217   std::string           option_name = (is_input ? "inputs" : "outputs");
218   CeedEvalMode          eval_mode   = CEED_EVAL_NONE;
219   CeedInt               elem_size = 0, num_comp = 0, dim = max_dim, P_1d = 0;
220   CeedElemRestriction   elem_rstr;
221   CeedBasis_Hip_shared *basis_data;
222 
223   // Field reuse info
224   bool use_previous_field = field_reuse.index != -1;
225 
226   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetName(op_field, &field_name));
227   code << "  // -- " << (is_input ? "Input" : "Output") << " field " << i << ": " << field_name << "\n";
228 
229   // Get field data
230   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(op_field, &elem_rstr));
231   if (elem_rstr != CEED_ELEMRESTRICTION_NONE) {
232     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetElementSize(elem_rstr, &elem_size));
233     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetNumComponents(elem_rstr, &num_comp));
234   }
235   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&elem_rstr));
236   if (basis != CEED_BASIS_NONE) {
237     CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetData(basis, &basis_data));
238     CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetDimension(basis, &dim));
239     if (is_tensor) CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumNodes1D(basis, &P_1d));
240     else CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumNodes(basis, &P_1d));
241   }
242   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_field, &eval_mode));
243 
244   // Set field constants
245   code << "  const CeedInt dim" << var_suffix << " = " << dim << ";\n";
246   if (is_tensor && !is_all_tensor) {
247     CeedInt P = 0;
248 
249     CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumNodes(basis, &P));
250     code << "  const CeedInt P" << var_suffix << " = " << (basis == CEED_BASIS_NONE ? Q : P) << ";\n";
251   }
252   code << "  const CeedInt " << P_name << " = " << (basis == CEED_BASIS_NONE ? Q_1d : P_1d) << ";\n";
253   if (eval_mode != CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT) {
254     code << "  const CeedInt num_comp" << var_suffix << " = " << num_comp << ";\n";
255   }
256 
257   // Load basis data
258   code << "  // EvalMode: " << CeedEvalModes[eval_mode] << "\n";
259   switch (eval_mode) {
260     case CEED_EVAL_NONE:
261       break;
262     case CEED_EVAL_INTERP:
263       if (is_at_points) {
264         // AtPoints
265         if (!basis_data->d_chebyshev_interp_1d) {
266           CeedSize    interp_bytes;
267           CeedScalar *chebyshev_interp_1d;
268 
269           interp_bytes = P_1d * Q_1d * sizeof(CeedScalar);
270           CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(P_1d * Q_1d, &chebyshev_interp_1d));
271           CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetChebyshevInterp1D(basis, chebyshev_interp_1d));
272           CeedCallHip(CeedBasisReturnCeed(basis), hipMalloc((void **)&basis_data->d_chebyshev_interp_1d, interp_bytes));
273           CeedCallHip(CeedBasisReturnCeed(basis),
274                       hipMemcpy(basis_data->d_chebyshev_interp_1d, chebyshev_interp_1d, interp_bytes, hipMemcpyHostToDevice));
275           CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&chebyshev_interp_1d));
276         }
277         if (is_input) data->B.inputs[i] = basis_data->d_chebyshev_interp_1d;
278         else data->B.outputs[i] = basis_data->d_chebyshev_interp_1d;
279       } else {
280         // Standard quadrature
281         if (is_input) data->B.inputs[i] = basis_data->d_interp_1d;
282         else data->B.outputs[i] = basis_data->d_interp_1d;
283       }
284       if (use_previous_field) {
285         std::string reuse_var = "s_B" + ((field_reuse.is_input ? "_in_" : "_out_") + std::to_string(field_reuse.index));
286 
287         code << "  CeedScalar *s_B" << var_suffix << " = " << reuse_var << ";\n";
288       } else {
289         code << "  __shared__ CeedScalar s_B" << var_suffix << "[" << P_name << "*" << Q_name << "];\n";
290         code << "  LoadMatrix<" << P_name << ", " << Q_name << ">(data, B." << option_name << "[" << i << "], s_B" << var_suffix << ");\n";
291       }
292       break;
293     case CEED_EVAL_GRAD:
294       if (is_at_points) {
295         // AtPoints
296         if (!basis_data->d_chebyshev_interp_1d) {
297           CeedSize    interp_bytes;
298           CeedScalar *chebyshev_interp_1d;
299 
300           interp_bytes = P_1d * Q_1d * sizeof(CeedScalar);
301           CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(P_1d * Q_1d, &chebyshev_interp_1d));
302           CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetChebyshevInterp1D(basis, chebyshev_interp_1d));
303           CeedCallHip(CeedBasisReturnCeed(basis), hipMalloc((void **)&basis_data->d_chebyshev_interp_1d, interp_bytes));
304           CeedCallHip(CeedBasisReturnCeed(basis),
305                       hipMemcpy(basis_data->d_chebyshev_interp_1d, chebyshev_interp_1d, interp_bytes, hipMemcpyHostToDevice));
306           CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&chebyshev_interp_1d));
307         }
308         if (is_input) data->B.inputs[i] = basis_data->d_chebyshev_interp_1d;
309         else data->B.outputs[i] = basis_data->d_chebyshev_interp_1d;
310       } else {
311         // Standard quadrature
312         if (is_input) data->B.inputs[i] = basis_data->d_interp_1d;
313         else data->B.outputs[i] = basis_data->d_interp_1d;
314       }
315       if (is_tensor) {
316         if (use_previous_field) {
317           std::string reuse_var = "s_B" + ((field_reuse.is_input ? "_in_" : "_out_") + std::to_string(field_reuse.index));
318 
319           code << "  CeedScalar *s_B" << var_suffix << " = " << reuse_var << ";\n";
320         } else {
321           code << "  __shared__ CeedScalar s_B" << var_suffix << "[" << P_name << "*" << Q_name << "];\n";
322           code << "  LoadMatrix<" << P_name << ", " << Q_name << ">(data, B." << option_name << "[" << i << "], s_B" << var_suffix << ");\n";
323         }
324       }
325       if (is_at_points) break;  // No G mat for AtPoints
326       if (use_3d_slices) {
327         if (is_input) data->G.inputs[i] = basis_data->d_collo_grad_1d;
328         else data->G.outputs[i] = basis_data->d_collo_grad_1d;
329         if (use_previous_field && field_reuse.eval_mode == CEED_EVAL_GRAD) {
330           std::string reuse_var = "s_G" + ((field_reuse.is_input ? "_in_" : "_out_") + std::to_string(field_reuse.index));
331 
332           code << "  CeedScalar *s_G" << var_suffix << " = " << reuse_var << ";\n";
333         } else {
334           code << "  __shared__ CeedScalar s_G" << var_suffix << "[" << Q_name << "*" << Q_name << "];\n";
335           code << "  LoadMatrix<" << Q_name << ", " << Q_name << ">(data, G." << option_name << "[" << i << "], s_G" << var_suffix << ");\n";
336         }
337       } else {
338         bool has_collo_grad = basis_data->d_collo_grad_1d;
339 
340         if (is_input) data->G.inputs[i] = has_collo_grad ? basis_data->d_collo_grad_1d : basis_data->d_grad_1d;
341         else data->G.outputs[i] = has_collo_grad ? basis_data->d_collo_grad_1d : basis_data->d_grad_1d;
342         if (has_collo_grad) {
343           if (use_previous_field && field_reuse.eval_mode == CEED_EVAL_GRAD) {
344             std::string reuse_var = "s_G" + ((field_reuse.is_input ? "_in_" : "_out_") + std::to_string(field_reuse.index));
345 
346             code << "  CeedScalar *s_G" << var_suffix << " = " << reuse_var << ";\n";
347           } else {
348             code << "  __shared__ CeedScalar s_G" << var_suffix << "[" << Q_name << "*" << Q_name << "];\n";
349             code << "  LoadMatrix<" << Q_name << ", " << Q_name << ">(data, G." << option_name << "[" << i << "], s_G" << var_suffix << ");\n";
350           }
351         } else {
352           if (use_previous_field && field_reuse.eval_mode == CEED_EVAL_GRAD) {
353             std::string reuse_var = "s_G" + ((field_reuse.is_input ? "_in_" : "_out_") + std::to_string(field_reuse.index));
354 
355             code << "  CeedScalar *s_G" << var_suffix << " = " << reuse_var << ";\n";
356           } else {
357             code << "  __shared__ CeedScalar s_G" << var_suffix << "[" << P_name << "*" << Q_name << (is_tensor ? "" : "*dim")
358                  << (is_tensor ? "" : var_suffix) << "];\n";
359             code << "  LoadMatrix<" << P_name << ", " << Q_name << (is_tensor ? "" : "*dim") << (is_tensor ? "" : var_suffix) << ">(data, G."
360                  << option_name << "[" << i << "], s_G" << var_suffix << ");\n";
361           }
362         }
363       }
364       break;
365     case CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT:
366       break;  // No action
367       // LCOV_EXCL_START
368     case CEED_EVAL_DIV:
369     case CEED_EVAL_CURL:
370       break;  // TODO: Not implemented
371               // LCOV_EXCL_STOP
372   }
373   CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisDestroy(&basis));
374   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
375 }
376 
377 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
378 // Restriction
379 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
380 static int CeedOperatorBuildKernelRestriction_Hip_gen(std::ostringstream &code, CeedOperator_Hip_gen *data, CeedInt i, CeedInt field_input_buffer[],
381                                                       CeedOperatorField op_field, CeedQFunctionField qf_field, CeedInt max_dim, CeedInt Q_1d,
382                                                       bool is_input, bool is_all_tensor, bool is_at_points, bool use_3d_slices) {
383   std::string              var_suffix = (is_input ? "_in_" : "_out_") + std::to_string(i);
384   std::string              P_name     = (is_all_tensor ? "P_1d" : "P") + var_suffix;
385   CeedEvalMode             eval_mode  = CEED_EVAL_NONE;
386   CeedInt                  elem_size = 0, num_comp = 0;
387   CeedSize                 l_size;
388   CeedRestrictionType      rstr_type = CEED_RESTRICTION_STANDARD;
389   CeedElemRestriction_Hip *rstr_data;
390   CeedElemRestriction      elem_rstr;
391 
392   // Get field data
393   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(op_field, &elem_rstr));
394   if (elem_rstr != CEED_ELEMRESTRICTION_NONE) {
395     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetType(elem_rstr, &rstr_type));
396     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetElementSize(elem_rstr, &elem_size));
397     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetNumComponents(elem_rstr, &num_comp));
398     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetData(elem_rstr, &rstr_data));
399   }
400   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_field, &eval_mode));
401 
402   // Restriction
403   if (is_input) {
404     // Input
405     if (field_input_buffer[i] != i) {
406       std::string buffer_name = "r_e_in_" + std::to_string(field_input_buffer[i]);
407 
408       // Restriction was already done for previous input
409       code << "    CeedScalar *r_e" << var_suffix << " = " << buffer_name << ";\n";
410     } else if (eval_mode != CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT && !((eval_mode == CEED_EVAL_NONE) && use_3d_slices && is_at_points)) {
411       if (eval_mode == CEED_EVAL_NONE && rstr_type != CEED_RESTRICTION_POINTS) {
412         // No basis action, so r_e_in_* in also r_q_in_* and needs to be allocated
413         code << "    CeedScalar r_e" << var_suffix << "[num_comp" << var_suffix << "*" << P_name << "];\n";
414       } else if (rstr_type != CEED_RESTRICTION_POINTS) {
415         // Otherwise we're using the scratch space
416         code << "    CeedScalar *r_e" << var_suffix << " = r_e_scratch;\n";
417       }
418       switch (rstr_type) {
419         case CEED_RESTRICTION_STANDARD: {
420           CeedInt comp_stride;
421 
422           CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetLVectorSize(elem_rstr, &l_size));
423           code << "    const CeedInt l_size" << var_suffix << " = " << l_size << ";\n";
424           CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetCompStride(elem_rstr, &comp_stride));
425           code << "    // CompStride: " << comp_stride << "\n";
426           data->indices.inputs[i] = (CeedInt *)rstr_data->d_offsets;
427           code << "    ReadLVecStandard" << (is_all_tensor ? max_dim : 1) << "d<num_comp" << var_suffix << ", " << comp_stride << ", " << P_name
428                << ">(data, l_size" << var_suffix << ", elem, indices.inputs[" << i << "], d" << var_suffix << ", r_e" << var_suffix << ");\n";
429           break;
430         }
431         case CEED_RESTRICTION_STRIDED: {
432           bool    has_backend_strides;
433           CeedInt num_elem;
434 
435           CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionHasBackendStrides(elem_rstr, &has_backend_strides));
436           CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetNumElements(elem_rstr, &num_elem));
437           CeedInt strides[3] = {1, elem_size * num_elem, elem_size};
438 
439           if (!has_backend_strides) {
440             CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetStrides(elem_rstr, strides));
441           }
442           code << "    // Strides: {" << strides[0] << ", " << strides[1] << ", " << strides[2] << "}\n";
443           code << "    ReadLVecStrided" << (is_all_tensor ? max_dim : 1) << "d<num_comp" << var_suffix << ", " << P_name << ", " << strides[0] << ", "
444                << strides[1] << ", " << strides[2] << ">(data, elem, d" << var_suffix << ", r_e" << var_suffix << ");\n";
445           break;
446         }
447         case CEED_RESTRICTION_POINTS: {
448           CeedInt comp_stride;
449 
450           CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetCompStride(elem_rstr, &comp_stride));
451           code << "    const CeedInt comp_stride" << var_suffix << " = " << comp_stride << ";\n";
452           data->indices.inputs[i] = (CeedInt *)rstr_data->d_offsets;
453           break;
454         }
455         // LCOV_EXCL_START
456         case CEED_RESTRICTION_ORIENTED:
457         case CEED_RESTRICTION_CURL_ORIENTED:
458           break;  // TODO: Not implemented
459                   // LCOV_EXCL_STOP
460       }
461     }
462   } else {
463     // Output
464     switch (rstr_type) {
465       case CEED_RESTRICTION_STANDARD: {
466         CeedInt comp_stride;
467 
468         CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetLVectorSize(elem_rstr, &l_size));
469         code << "    const CeedInt l_size" << var_suffix << " = " << l_size << ";\n";
470         CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetCompStride(elem_rstr, &comp_stride));
471         code << "    // CompStride: " << comp_stride << "\n";
472         data->indices.outputs[i] = (CeedInt *)rstr_data->d_offsets;
473         code << "    WriteLVecStandard" << (is_all_tensor ? max_dim : 1) << "d<num_comp" << var_suffix << ", " << comp_stride << ", " << P_name
474              << ">(data, l_size" << var_suffix << ", elem, indices.outputs[" << i << "], r_e" << var_suffix << ", d" << var_suffix << ");\n";
475         break;
476       }
477       case CEED_RESTRICTION_STRIDED: {
478         bool    has_backend_strides;
479         CeedInt num_elem;
480 
481         CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionHasBackendStrides(elem_rstr, &has_backend_strides));
482         CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetNumElements(elem_rstr, &num_elem));
483         CeedInt strides[3] = {1, elem_size * num_elem, elem_size};
484 
485         if (!has_backend_strides) {
486           CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetStrides(elem_rstr, strides));
487         }
488         code << "    // Strides: {" << strides[0] << ", " << strides[1] << ", " << strides[2] << "}\n";
489         code << "    WriteLVecStrided" << (is_all_tensor ? max_dim : 1) << "d<num_comp" << var_suffix << ", " << P_name << ", " << strides[0] << ", "
490              << strides[1] << ", " << strides[2] << ">(data, elem, r_e" << var_suffix << ", d" << var_suffix << ");\n";
491         break;
492       }
493       case CEED_RESTRICTION_POINTS:
494         data->indices.outputs[i] = (CeedInt *)rstr_data->d_offsets;
495         break;
496       // LCOV_EXCL_START
497       case CEED_RESTRICTION_ORIENTED:
498       case CEED_RESTRICTION_CURL_ORIENTED:
499         break;  // TODO: Not implemented
500                 // LCOV_EXCL_STOP
501     }
502   }
503   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&elem_rstr));
504   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
505 }
506 
507 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
508 // Basis
509 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
510 static int CeedOperatorBuildKernelBasis_Hip_gen(std::ostringstream &code, CeedOperator_Hip_gen *data, CeedInt i, CeedOperatorField op_field,
511                                                 CeedQFunctionField qf_field, CeedInt max_dim, CeedInt Q_1d, bool is_input, bool is_all_tensor,
512                                                 bool is_at_points, bool use_3d_slices) {
513   bool      is_tensor = true;
514   CeedBasis basis;
515   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(op_field, &basis));
516   CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisIsTensor(basis, &is_tensor));
517 
518   std::string         var_suffix = (is_input ? "_in_" : "_out_") + std::to_string(i);
519   std::string         P_name = (is_tensor ? "P_1d" : "P") + var_suffix, Q_name = is_tensor ? "Q_1d" : "Q";
520   CeedEvalMode        eval_mode = CEED_EVAL_NONE;
521   CeedInt             dim = max_dim, elem_size = 0, num_comp = 0, P_1d = 0;
522   CeedElemRestriction elem_rstr;
523 
524   // Get field data
525   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(op_field, &elem_rstr));
526   if (elem_rstr != CEED_ELEMRESTRICTION_NONE) {
527     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetElementSize(elem_rstr, &elem_size));
528     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetNumComponents(elem_rstr, &num_comp));
529   }
530   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&elem_rstr));
531   if (basis != CEED_BASIS_NONE) {
532     CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetDimension(basis, &dim));
533     if (is_tensor) CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumNodes1D(basis, &P_1d));
534     else CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumNodes(basis, &P_1d));
535   }
536   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_field, &eval_mode));
537 
538   // Basis
539   code << "    // EvalMode: " << CeedEvalModes[eval_mode] << "\n";
540   if (is_input) {
541     switch (eval_mode) {
542       case CEED_EVAL_NONE:
543         if (!use_3d_slices && !is_at_points) {
544           code << "    CeedScalar *r_q" << var_suffix << " = r_e" << var_suffix << ";\n";
545         }
546         break;
547       case CEED_EVAL_INTERP:
548         if (is_at_points) {
549           std::string function_name = (dim == 1 ? "Interp" : "InterpTensor") + std::to_string(dim) + "d";
550 
551           code << "    CeedScalar r_c" << var_suffix << "[num_comp" << var_suffix << "*" << (dim >= 3 ? Q_name : "1") << "];\n";
552           code << "    " << function_name << "<num_comp" << var_suffix << ", " << P_name << ", " << Q_name << ", OP_T_1D>(data, r_e" << var_suffix
553                << ", s_B" << var_suffix << ", r_c" << var_suffix << ");\n";
554         } else {
555           std::string function_name = is_tensor
556                                           ? ((dim == 1 ? "Interp" : "InterpTensor") + std::to_string(dim) + "d" + (is_all_tensor ? "" : "Flattened"))
557                                           : "InterpNonTensor";
558           std::string op_t_1d_name  = (is_all_tensor || !is_tensor) ? "OP_T_1D" : (P_1d > Q_1d ? P_name : Q_name);
559 
560           code << "    CeedScalar r_q" << var_suffix << "[num_comp" << var_suffix << "*" << (is_all_tensor && (dim >= 3) ? Q_name : "1") << "];\n";
561           code << "    " << function_name << "<num_comp" << var_suffix << ", " << P_name << ", " << Q_name << ", " << op_t_1d_name << ">(data, r_e"
562                << var_suffix << ", s_B" << var_suffix << ", r_q" << var_suffix << ");\n";
563         }
564         break;
565       case CEED_EVAL_GRAD:
566         if (is_at_points) {
567           std::string function_name = (dim == 1 ? "Interp" : "InterpTensor") + std::to_string(dim) + "d";
568 
569           code << "    CeedScalar r_c" << var_suffix << "[num_comp" << var_suffix << "*" << (dim >= 3 ? Q_name : "1") << "];\n";
570           code << "    " << function_name << "<num_comp" << var_suffix << ", " << P_name << ", " << Q_name << ", OP_T_1D>(data, r_e" << var_suffix
571                << ", s_B" << var_suffix << ", r_c" << var_suffix << ");\n";
572         } else if (use_3d_slices) {
573           std::string function_name = (dim > 1 ? "InterpTensor" : "Interp") + std::to_string(dim) + "d";
574 
575           code << "    CeedScalar r_q" << var_suffix << "[num_comp" << var_suffix << "*" << Q_name << "];\n";
576           code << "    " << function_name << "<num_comp" << var_suffix << ", " << P_name << ", " << Q_name << ", OP_T_1D>(data, r_e" << var_suffix
577                << ", s_B" << var_suffix << ", r_q" << var_suffix << ");\n";
578         } else if (is_tensor) {
579           bool        is_collocated = dim == 3 && Q_1d >= P_1d;
580           std::string function_name = (dim == 1 ? "Grad" : (is_collocated ? "GradTensorCollocated" : "GradTensor")) + std::to_string(dim) + "d" +
581                                       (is_all_tensor ? "" : "Flattened");
582           std::string op_t_1d_name = is_all_tensor ? "OP_T_1D" : (P_1d > Q_1d ? P_name : Q_name);
583 
584           code << "    CeedScalar r_q" << var_suffix << "[num_comp" << var_suffix << "*dim" << var_suffix << "*"
585                << (is_all_tensor && dim >= 3 ? Q_name : "1") << "];\n";
586           code << "    " << function_name << "<num_comp" << var_suffix << ", " << P_name << ", " << Q_name << ", " << op_t_1d_name << ">(data, r_e"
587                << var_suffix << ", s_B" << var_suffix << ", s_G" << var_suffix << ", r_q" << var_suffix << ");\n";
588         } else {
589           std::string function_name = "GradNonTensor";
590 
591           code << "    CeedScalar r_q" << var_suffix << "[num_comp" << var_suffix << "*dim" << var_suffix << "];\n";
592           code << "    " << function_name << "<num_comp" << var_suffix << ", dim" << var_suffix << ", " << P_name << ", " << Q_name
593                << ", OP_T_1D>(data, r_e" << var_suffix << ", s_G" << var_suffix << ", r_q" << var_suffix << ");\n";
594         }
595         break;
596       case CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT: {
597         if (is_at_points) {
598           code << "    // Nothing to do AtPoints\n";
599         } else {
600           CeedBasis_Hip_shared *basis_data;
601           std::string           function_name = is_tensor
602                                                     ? ((dim == 1 ? "Weight" : "WeightTensor") + std::to_string(dim) + "d" + (is_all_tensor ? "" : "Flattened"))
603                                                     : "WeightNonTensor";
604 
605           code << "    CeedScalar r_q" << var_suffix << "[" << (is_all_tensor && (dim >= 3) ? Q_name : "1") << "];\n";
606           CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetData(basis, &basis_data));
607           data->W = basis_data->d_q_weight_1d;
608           code << "    " << function_name << "<" << P_name << ", " << Q_name << ">(data, W, r_q" << var_suffix << ");\n";
609         }
610         break;
611       }
612       // LCOV_EXCL_START
613       case CEED_EVAL_DIV:
614       case CEED_EVAL_CURL:
615         break;  // TODO: Not implemented
616                 // LCOV_EXCL_STOP
617     }
618   } else {
619     switch (eval_mode) {
620       case CEED_EVAL_NONE:
621         code << "    CeedScalar *r_e" << var_suffix << " = r_q" << var_suffix << ";\n";
622         break;  // No action
623       case CEED_EVAL_INTERP:
624         code << "    CeedScalar *r_e" << var_suffix << " = r_e_scratch;\n";
625         if (is_at_points) {
626           std::string function_name = (dim == 1 ? "InterpTranspose" : "InterpTransposeTensor") + std::to_string(dim) + "d";
627 
628           code << "    " << function_name << "<num_comp" << var_suffix << ", " << P_name << ", " << Q_name << ", OP_T_1D>(data, r_c" << var_suffix
629                << ", s_B" << var_suffix << ", r_e" << var_suffix << ");\n";
630         } else {
631           std::string function_name =
632               is_tensor ? ((dim == 1 ? "InterpTranspose" : "InterpTransposeTensor") + std::to_string(dim) + "d" + (is_all_tensor ? "" : "Flattened"))
633                         : "InterpTransposeNonTensor";
634           std::string op_t_1d_name = (is_all_tensor || !is_tensor) ? "OP_T_1D" : (P_1d > Q_1d ? P_name : Q_name);
635 
636           code << "    " << function_name << "<num_comp" << var_suffix << ", " << P_name << ", " << Q_name << ", " << op_t_1d_name << ">(data, r_q"
637                << var_suffix << ", s_B" << var_suffix << ", r_e" << var_suffix << ");\n";
638         }
639         break;
640       case CEED_EVAL_GRAD:
641         code << "    CeedScalar *r_e" << var_suffix << " = r_e_scratch;\n";
642         if (is_at_points) {
643           std::string function_name = (dim == 1 ? "InterpTranspose" : "InterpTransposeTensor") + std::to_string(dim) + "d";
644 
645           code << "    " << function_name << "<num_comp" << var_suffix << ", " << P_name << ", " << Q_name << ", OP_T_1D>(data, r_c" << var_suffix
646                << ", s_B" << var_suffix << ", r_e" << var_suffix << ");\n";
647         } else if (use_3d_slices) {
648           std::string function_name = (dim == 1 ? "InterpTranspose" : "InterpTransposeTensor") + std::to_string(dim) + "d";
649 
650           code << "    " << function_name << "<num_comp" << var_suffix << ", " << P_name << ", " << Q_name << ", OP_T_1D>(data, r_q" << var_suffix
651                << ", s_B" << var_suffix << ", r_e" << var_suffix << ");\n";
652         } else if (is_tensor) {
653           bool        is_collocated = dim == 3 && Q_1d >= P_1d;
654           std::string function_name = (dim == 1 ? "GradTranspose" : (is_collocated ? "GradTransposeTensorCollocated" : "GradTransposeTensor")) +
655                                       std::to_string(dim) + "d" + (is_all_tensor ? "" : "Flattened");
656           std::string op_t_1d_name = is_all_tensor ? "OP_T_1D" : (P_1d > Q_1d ? P_name : Q_name);
657 
658           code << "    " << function_name << "<num_comp" << var_suffix << ", " << P_name << ", " << Q_name << ", " << op_t_1d_name << ">(data, r_q"
659                << var_suffix << ", s_B" << var_suffix << ", s_G" << var_suffix << ", r_e" << var_suffix << ");\n";
660         } else {
661           std::string function_name = "GradTransposeNonTensor";
662 
663           code << "    " << function_name << "<num_comp" << var_suffix << ", dim" << var_suffix << ", " << P_name << ", " << Q_name
664                << ", OP_T_1D>(data, r_q" << var_suffix << ", s_G" << var_suffix << ", r_e" << var_suffix << ");\n";
665         }
666         break;
667       // LCOV_EXCL_START
668       case CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT:
669         break;  // Should not occur
670       case CEED_EVAL_DIV:
671       case CEED_EVAL_CURL:
672         break;  // TODO: Not implemented
673                 // LCOV_EXCL_STOP
674     }
675   }
676   CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisDestroy(&basis));
677   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
678 }
679 
680 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
681 // QFunction
682 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
683 static int CeedOperatorBuildKernelQFunction_Hip_gen(std::ostringstream &code, CeedOperator_Hip_gen *data, CeedInt max_dim, CeedInt max_num_points,
684                                                     CeedInt num_input_fields, CeedOperatorField *op_input_fields, CeedQFunctionField *qf_input_fields,
685                                                     CeedInt num_output_fields, CeedOperatorField *op_output_fields,
686                                                     CeedQFunctionField *qf_output_fields, std::string qfunction_name, CeedInt Q_1d,
687                                                     bool is_all_tensor, bool is_at_points, bool use_3d_slices) {
688   std::string         Q_name    = is_all_tensor ? "Q_1d" : "Q";
689   CeedEvalMode        eval_mode = CEED_EVAL_NONE;
690   CeedElemRestriction elem_rstr;
691 
692   // Setup output arrays
693   code << "\n    // -- Output field setup\n";
694   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_output_fields; i++) {
695     const char *field_name;
696     std::string var_suffix = "_out_" + std::to_string(i);
697 
698     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetName(op_output_fields[i], &field_name));
699     code << "    // ---- Output field " << i << ": " << field_name << "\n";
700     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_output_fields[i], &eval_mode));
701     switch (eval_mode) {
702       case CEED_EVAL_NONE:
703         if (is_at_points) {
704           code << "    CeedScalar r_q" << var_suffix << "[num_comp" << var_suffix << "];\n";
705         } else {
706           code << "    CeedScalar r_q" << var_suffix << "[num_comp" << var_suffix << "*" << (is_all_tensor && (max_dim >= 3) ? Q_name : "1")
707                << "];\n";
708         }
709         break;
710       case CEED_EVAL_INTERP:
711         if (is_at_points) {
712           // Accumulator for point data
713           code << "    CeedScalar r_c" << var_suffix << "[num_comp" << var_suffix << "*" << (max_dim >= 3 ? Q_name : "1") << "];\n";
714           code << "    for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_comp" << var_suffix << "*" << (max_dim >= 3 ? Q_name : "1") << "; i++) r_c" << var_suffix
715                << "[i] = 0.0;\n";
716         } else {
717           code << "    CeedScalar r_q" << var_suffix << "[num_comp" << var_suffix << "*" << (is_all_tensor && (max_dim >= 3) ? Q_name : "1")
718                << "];\n";
719         }
720         break;
721       case CEED_EVAL_GRAD:
722         if (is_at_points) {
723           // Accumulator for point data
724           code << "    CeedScalar r_c" << var_suffix << "[num_comp" << var_suffix << "*" << (max_dim >= 3 ? Q_name : "1") << "];\n";
725           code << "    for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_comp" << var_suffix << "*" << (max_dim >= 3 ? Q_name : "1") << "; i++) r_c" << var_suffix
726                << "[i] = 0.0;\n";
727         } else if (use_3d_slices) {
728           // Accumulator for gradient slices
729           code << "    CeedScalar r_q" << var_suffix << "[num_comp" << var_suffix << "*" << Q_name << "];\n";
730           code << "    for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_comp" << var_suffix << "*" << Q_name << "; i++) r_q" << var_suffix << "[i] = 0.0;\n";
731         } else {
732           code << "    CeedScalar r_q" << var_suffix << "[num_comp" << var_suffix << "*dim" << var_suffix << "*"
733                << (is_all_tensor && (max_dim >= 3) ? Q_name : "1") << "];\n";
734         }
735         break;
736       case CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT:
737         break;
738         // LCOV_EXCL_START
739       case CEED_EVAL_DIV:
740       case CEED_EVAL_CURL:
741         break;  // TODO: Not implemented
742                 // LCOV_EXCL_STOP
743     }
744   }
745 
746   if (is_at_points) {
747     // We need to handle batches of points
748     code << "\n    // Note: Using batches of points\n";
749     code << "    const CeedInt point_loop_bound = (blockDim.x*blockDim.y) * ceil((1.0*max_num_points) / (blockDim.x*blockDim.y));\n\n";
750     code << "    #pragma unroll\n";
751     code << "    for (CeedInt i = threadIdx.x + threadIdx.y*blockDim.x; i < point_loop_bound; i += blockDim.x*blockDim.y) {\n";
752     code << "      const CeedInt p = i % max_num_points;\n\n";
753 
754     code << "      // -- Coordinates\n";
755     code << "      CeedScalar r_x[max_dim];\n";
756     code << "      ReadPoint<max_dim, coords_comp_stride, max_num_points>(data, elem, p, max_num_points, points.indices, points.coords, r_x);\n\n";
757 
758     code << "      // -- Input fields\n";
759     for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_input_fields; i++) {
760       const char *field_name;
761       std::string var_suffix = "_in_" + std::to_string(i);
762       std::string P_name     = "P_1d" + var_suffix;
763 
764       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetName(op_input_fields[i], &field_name));
765       code << "      // ---- Input field " << i << ": " << field_name << "\n";
766       CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_input_fields[i], &eval_mode));
767       // Basis action
768       code << "      // EvalMode: " << CeedEvalModes[eval_mode] << "\n";
769       switch (eval_mode) {
770         case CEED_EVAL_NONE:
771           code << "      CeedScalar r_s" << var_suffix << "[num_comp" << var_suffix << "];\n";
772           code << "      ReadPoint<num_comp" << var_suffix << ", comp_stride" << var_suffix
773                << ", max_num_points>(data, elem, p, max_num_points, indices.inputs[" << i << "], d" << var_suffix << ", r_s" << var_suffix << ");\n";
774           break;
775         case CEED_EVAL_INTERP:
776           code << "      CeedScalar r_s" << var_suffix << "[num_comp" << var_suffix << "];\n";
777           code << "      InterpAtPoints" << max_dim << "d<num_comp" << var_suffix << ", max_num_points, " << P_name << ", " << Q_name
778                << ">(data, i, r_c" << var_suffix << ", r_x, r_s" << var_suffix << ");\n";
779           break;
780         case CEED_EVAL_GRAD:
781           code << "      CeedScalar r_s" << var_suffix << "[num_comp" << var_suffix << "*dim" << var_suffix << "];\n";
782           code << "      GradAtPoints" << max_dim << "d<num_comp" << var_suffix << ", max_num_points, " << P_name << ", " << Q_name
783                << ">(data, i, r_c" << var_suffix << ", r_x, r_s" << var_suffix << ");\n";
784           break;
785         case CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT:
786           code << "      CeedScalar r_s" << var_suffix << "[1];\n";
787           code << "      r_s" << var_suffix << "[0] = 1.0;\n";
788           break;
789           // LCOV_EXCL_START
790         case CEED_EVAL_DIV:
791         case CEED_EVAL_CURL:
792           break;  // TODO: Not implemented
793                   // LCOV_EXCL_STOP
794       }
795     }
796     code << "\n      // -- Output fields\n";
797     for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_output_fields; i++) {
798       const char *field_name;
799       std::string var_suffix = "_out_" + std::to_string(i);
800 
801       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetName(op_output_fields[i], &field_name));
802       code << "      // ---- Output field " << i << ": " << field_name << "\n";
803       CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_output_fields[i], &eval_mode));
804       // Basis action
805       switch (eval_mode) {
806         case CEED_EVAL_NONE:
807           code << "      CeedScalar r_s" << var_suffix << "[num_comp" << var_suffix << "];\n";
808           break;
809         case CEED_EVAL_INTERP:
810           code << "      CeedScalar r_s" << var_suffix << "[num_comp" << var_suffix << "];\n";
811           break;
812         case CEED_EVAL_GRAD:
813           code << "      CeedScalar r_s" << var_suffix << "[num_comp" << var_suffix << "*dim" << var_suffix << "];\n";
814           break;
815           // LCOV_EXCL_START
816         case CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT:
817           break;  // Should not occur
818         case CEED_EVAL_DIV:
819         case CEED_EVAL_CURL:
820           break;  // TODO: Not implemented
821                   // LCOV_EXCL_STOP
822       }
823     }
824 
825   } else if (use_3d_slices) {
826     // We treat quadrature points per slice in 3d to save registers
827     code << "\n    // Note: Using planes of 3D elements\n";
828     code << "    #pragma unroll\n";
829     code << "    for (CeedInt q = 0; q < " << Q_name << "; q++) {\n";
830     code << "      // -- Input fields\n";
831     for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_input_fields; i++) {
832       const char *field_name;
833       std::string var_suffix = "_in_" + std::to_string(i);
834 
835       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetName(op_input_fields[i], &field_name));
836       code << "      // ---- Input field " << i << ": " << field_name << "\n";
837       CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_input_fields[i], &eval_mode));
838       // Basis action
839       code << "      // EvalMode: " << CeedEvalModes[eval_mode] << "\n";
840       switch (eval_mode) {
841         case CEED_EVAL_NONE:
842           bool is_strided;
843 
844           code << "      CeedScalar r_s" << var_suffix << "[num_comp" << var_suffix << "];\n";
845 
846           CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(op_input_fields[i], &elem_rstr));
847           CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionIsStrided(elem_rstr, &is_strided));
848           if (is_strided) {
849             bool    has_backend_strides;
850             CeedInt num_elem, elem_size;
851 
852             CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetElementSize(elem_rstr, &elem_size));
853             CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionHasBackendStrides(elem_rstr, &has_backend_strides));
854             CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetNumElements(elem_rstr, &num_elem));
855             CeedInt strides[3] = {1, elem_size * num_elem, elem_size};
856 
857             if (!has_backend_strides) {
858               CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetStrides(elem_rstr, strides));
859             }
860             code << "      // Strides: {" << strides[0] << ", " << strides[1] << ", " << strides[2] << "}\n";
861             code << "      ReadEVecSliceStrided3d<num_comp" << var_suffix << ", " << Q_name << ", " << strides[0] << ", " << strides[1] << ", "
862                  << strides[2] << ">(data, elem, q, d" << var_suffix << ", r_s" << var_suffix << ");\n";
863           } else {
864             CeedSize                 l_size = 0;
865             CeedInt                  comp_stride;
866             CeedElemRestriction_Hip *rstr_data;
867 
868             CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetLVectorSize(elem_rstr, &l_size));
869             code << "      const CeedInt l_size" << var_suffix << " = " << l_size << ";\n";
870             CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetCompStride(elem_rstr, &comp_stride));
871             code << "      // CompStride: " << comp_stride << "\n";
872             CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetData(elem_rstr, &rstr_data));
873             data->indices.inputs[i] = (CeedInt *)rstr_data->d_offsets;
874             code << "      ReadEVecSliceStandard3d<num_comp" << var_suffix << ", " << comp_stride << ", " << Q_name << ">(data, l_size" << var_suffix
875                  << ", elem, q, indices.inputs[" << i << "], d" << var_suffix << ", r_s" << var_suffix << ");\n";
876           }
877           CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&elem_rstr));
878           break;
879         case CEED_EVAL_INTERP:
880           code << "      CeedScalar r_s" << var_suffix << "[num_comp" << var_suffix << "];\n";
881           code << "      for (CeedInt j = 0; j < num_comp" << var_suffix << "; j++) {\n";
882           code << "        r_s" << var_suffix << "[j] = r_q" << var_suffix << "[q + j*" << Q_name << "];\n";
883           code << "      }\n";
884           break;
885         case CEED_EVAL_GRAD:
886           code << "      CeedScalar r_s" << var_suffix << "[num_comp" << var_suffix << "*dim" << var_suffix << "];\n";
887           code << "      GradColloSlice3d<num_comp" << var_suffix << ", " << Q_name << ", OP_T_1D>(data, q, r_q" << var_suffix << ", s_G"
888                << var_suffix << ", r_s" << var_suffix << ");\n";
889           break;
890         case CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT:
891           code << "      CeedScalar r_s" << var_suffix << "[1];\n";
892           code << "      r_s" << var_suffix << "[0] = r_q" << var_suffix << "[q];\n";
893           break;
894           // LCOV_EXCL_START
895         case CEED_EVAL_DIV:
896         case CEED_EVAL_CURL:
897           break;  // TODO: Not implemented
898                   // LCOV_EXCL_STOP
899       }
900     }
901     code << "\n      // -- Output fields\n";
902     for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_output_fields; i++) {
903       const char *field_name;
904       std::string var_suffix = "_out_" + std::to_string(i);
905 
906       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetName(op_output_fields[i], &field_name));
907       code << "      // ---- Output field " << i << ": " << field_name << "\n";
908       CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_output_fields[i], &eval_mode));
909       // Basis action
910       switch (eval_mode) {
911         case CEED_EVAL_NONE:
912           code << "      CeedScalar r_s" << var_suffix << "[num_comp" << var_suffix << "];\n";
913           break;
914         case CEED_EVAL_INTERP:
915           code << "      CeedScalar r_s" << var_suffix << "[num_comp" << var_suffix << "];\n";
916           break;
917         case CEED_EVAL_GRAD:
918           code << "      CeedScalar r_s" << var_suffix << "[num_comp" << var_suffix << "*dim" << var_suffix << "];\n";
919           break;
920           // LCOV_EXCL_START
921         case CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT:
922           break;  // Should not occur
923         case CEED_EVAL_DIV:
924         case CEED_EVAL_CURL:
925           break;  // TODO: Not implemented
926                   // LCOV_EXCL_STOP
927       }
928     }
929   } else {
930     code << "\n    // Note: Using full elements\n";
931     code << "    {\n";
932     code << "      // -- Input fields\n";
933     for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_input_fields; i++) {
934       const char *field_name;
935 
936       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetName(op_input_fields[i], &field_name));
937       code << "      // ---- Input field " << i << ": " << field_name << "\n";
938       code << "      CeedScalar *r_s_in_" << i << " = r_q_in_" << i << ";\n";
939     }
940     code << "      // -- Output fields\n";
941     for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_output_fields; i++) {
942       const char *field_name;
943 
944       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetName(op_output_fields[i], &field_name));
945       code << "      // ---- Output field " << i << ": " << field_name << "\n";
946       code << "      CeedScalar *r_s_out_" << i << " = r_q_out_" << i << ";\n";
947     }
948   }
949 
950   // Input and output buffers
951   code << "\n      // -- QFunction inputs and outputs\n";
952   code << "      // ---- Inputs\n";
953   code << "      CeedScalar *inputs[" << CeedIntMax(num_input_fields, 1) << "];\n";
954   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_input_fields; i++) {
955     const char *field_name;
956 
957     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetName(op_input_fields[i], &field_name));
958     code << "      // ------ Input field " << i << ": " << field_name << "\n";
959     code << "      inputs[" << i << "] = r_s_in_" << i << ";\n";
960   }
961   code << "      // ---- Outputs\n";
962   code << "      CeedScalar *outputs[" << CeedIntMax(num_output_fields, 1) << "];\n";
963   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_output_fields; i++) {
964     const char *field_name;
965 
966     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetName(op_output_fields[i], &field_name));
967     code << "      // ------ Output field " << i << ": " << field_name << "\n";
968     code << "      outputs[" << i << "] = r_s_out_" << i << ";\n";
969   }
970 
971   // Apply QFunction
972   code << "\n      // -- Apply QFunction\n";
973   code << "      " << qfunction_name << "(ctx, ";
974   if (max_dim != 3 || is_at_points || use_3d_slices || !is_all_tensor) {
975     code << "1";
976   } else {
977     code << Q_name;
978   }
979   code << ", inputs, outputs);\n";
980 
981   if (is_at_points) {
982     // Map back to coefficients
983     code << "\n      // -- Output fields\n";
984     for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_output_fields; i++) {
985       const char *field_name;
986       std::string var_suffix = "_out_" + std::to_string(i);
987       std::string P_name     = "P_1d" + var_suffix;
988 
989       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetName(op_output_fields[i], &field_name));
990       code << "      // ---- Output field " << i << ": " << field_name << "\n";
991       CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_output_fields[i], &eval_mode));
992       // Basis action
993       code << "      // EvalMode: " << CeedEvalModes[eval_mode] << "\n";
994       switch (eval_mode) {
995         case CEED_EVAL_NONE: {
996           CeedInt             comp_stride;
997           CeedElemRestriction elem_rstr;
998 
999           CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(op_output_fields[i], &elem_rstr));
1000           CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetCompStride(elem_rstr, &comp_stride));
1001           CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&elem_rstr));
1002           code << "      const CeedInt comp_stride" << var_suffix << " = " << comp_stride << ";\n";
1003           code << "      WritePoint<num_comp" << var_suffix << ", comp_stride" << var_suffix
1004                << ", max_num_points>(data, elem, i, points.num_per_elem[elem], indices.outputs[" << i << "]"
1005                << ", r_s" << var_suffix << ", d" << var_suffix << ");\n";
1006           break;
1007         }
1008         case CEED_EVAL_INTERP:
1009           code << "      if (i >= points.num_per_elem[elem]) {\n";
1010           code << "        for (CeedInt j = 0; j < num_comp" << var_suffix << "; j++) r_s" << var_suffix << "[j] = 0.0;\n";
1011           code << "      }\n";
1012           code << "      InterpTransposeAtPoints" << max_dim << "d<num_comp" << var_suffix << ", max_num_points, " << P_name << ", " << Q_name
1013                << ">(data, i, r_s" << var_suffix << ", r_x, r_c" << var_suffix << ");\n";
1014           break;
1015         case CEED_EVAL_GRAD:
1016           code << "      if (i >= points.num_per_elem[elem]) {\n";
1017           code << "        for (CeedInt j = 0; j < num_comp" << var_suffix << "*dim" << var_suffix << "; j++) r_s" << var_suffix << "[j] = 0.0;\n";
1018           code << "      }\n";
1019           code << "      GradTransposeAtPoints" << max_dim << "d<num_comp" << var_suffix << ", max_num_points, " << P_name << ", " << Q_name
1020                << ">(data, i, r_s" << var_suffix << ", r_x, r_c" << var_suffix << ");\n";
1021           break;
1022           // LCOV_EXCL_START
1023         case CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT:
1024           break;  // Should not occur
1025         case CEED_EVAL_DIV:
1026         case CEED_EVAL_CURL:
1027           break;  // TODO: Not implemented
1028                   // LCOV_EXCL_STOP
1029       }
1030     }
1031   } else if (use_3d_slices) {
1032     // Copy or apply transpose grad, if needed
1033     code << "\n      // -- Output fields\n";
1034     for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_output_fields; i++) {
1035       const char *field_name;
1036       std::string var_suffix = "_out_" + std::to_string(i);
1037       std::string P_name     = "P_1d" + var_suffix;
1038 
1039       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetName(op_output_fields[i], &field_name));
1040       code << "      // ---- Output field " << i << ": " << field_name << "\n";
1041       CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_output_fields[i], &eval_mode));
1042       // Basis action
1043       code << "      // EvalMode: " << CeedEvalModes[eval_mode] << "\n";
1044       switch (eval_mode) {
1045         case CEED_EVAL_NONE:
1046           code << "      for (CeedInt j = 0; j < num_comp" << var_suffix << " ; j++) {\n";
1047           code << "        r_q" << var_suffix << "[q + j*" << Q_name << "] = r_s" << var_suffix << "[j];\n";
1048           code << "      }\n";
1049           break;
1050         case CEED_EVAL_INTERP:
1051           code << "      for (CeedInt j = 0; j < num_comp" << var_suffix << " ; j++) {\n";
1052           code << "        r_q" << var_suffix << "[q + j*" << Q_name << "] = r_s" << var_suffix << "[j];\n";
1053           code << "      }\n";
1054           break;
1055         case CEED_EVAL_GRAD:
1056           code << "      GradColloSliceTranspose3d<num_comp" << var_suffix << ", " << Q_name << ", OP_T_1D>(data, q, r_s" << var_suffix << ", s_G"
1057                << var_suffix << ", r_q" << var_suffix << ");\n";
1058           break;
1059           // LCOV_EXCL_START
1060         case CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT:
1061           break;  // Should not occur
1062         case CEED_EVAL_DIV:
1063         case CEED_EVAL_CURL:
1064           break;  // TODO: Not implemented
1065                   // LCOV_EXCL_STOP
1066       }
1067     }
1068   }
1069   code << "    }\n";
1070   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
1071 }
1072 
1073 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1074 // Build single operator kernel
1075 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1076 extern "C" int CeedOperatorBuildKernel_Hip_gen(CeedOperator op, bool *is_good_build) {
1077   bool                   is_all_tensor = true, is_all_nontensor = true, is_at_points = false, use_3d_slices = false;
1078   Ceed                   ceed;
1079   CeedInt                Q = 0, Q_1d = 0, num_input_fields, num_output_fields, max_dim = 1, max_num_points = 0, coords_comp_stride = 0;
1080   CeedQFunctionField    *qf_input_fields, *qf_output_fields;
1081   CeedQFunction_Hip_gen *qf_data;
1082   CeedQFunction          qf;
1083   CeedOperatorField     *op_input_fields, *op_output_fields;
1084   CeedOperator_Hip_gen  *data;
1085   std::ostringstream     code;
1086 
1087   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetData(op, &data));
1088   {
1089     bool is_setup_done;
1090 
1091     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorIsSetupDone(op, &is_setup_done));
1092     if (is_setup_done) {
1093       *is_good_build = !data->use_fallback;
1094       return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
1095     }
1096   }
1097 
1098   // Check field compatibility
1099   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetFields(op, &num_input_fields, &op_input_fields, &num_output_fields, &op_output_fields));
1100   {
1101     bool has_shared_bases = true;
1102 
1103     for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_input_fields; i++) {
1104       CeedBasis basis;
1105 
1106       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(op_input_fields[i], &basis));
1107       if (basis != CEED_BASIS_NONE) {
1108         bool        is_tensor = true;
1109         const char *resource;
1110         char       *resource_root;
1111         Ceed        basis_ceed;
1112 
1113         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisIsTensor(basis, &is_tensor));
1114         is_all_tensor    = is_all_tensor && is_tensor;
1115         is_all_nontensor = is_all_nontensor && !is_tensor;
1116         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetCeed(basis, &basis_ceed));
1117         CeedCallBackend(CeedGetResource(basis_ceed, &resource));
1118         CeedCallBackend(CeedGetResourceRoot(basis_ceed, resource, ":", &resource_root));
1119         has_shared_bases = has_shared_bases && !strcmp(resource_root, "/gpu/hip/shared");
1120         CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&resource_root));
1121         CeedCallBackend(CeedDestroy(&basis_ceed));
1122       }
1123       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisDestroy(&basis));
1124     }
1125 
1126     for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_output_fields; i++) {
1127       CeedBasis basis;
1128 
1129       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(op_output_fields[i], &basis));
1130       if (basis != CEED_BASIS_NONE) {
1131         bool        is_tensor = true;
1132         const char *resource;
1133         char       *resource_root;
1134         Ceed        basis_ceed;
1135 
1136         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisIsTensor(basis, &is_tensor));
1137         is_all_tensor    = is_all_tensor && is_tensor;
1138         is_all_nontensor = is_all_nontensor && !is_tensor;
1139 
1140         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetCeed(basis, &basis_ceed));
1141         CeedCallBackend(CeedGetResource(basis_ceed, &resource));
1142         CeedCallBackend(CeedGetResourceRoot(basis_ceed, resource, ":", &resource_root));
1143         has_shared_bases = has_shared_bases && !strcmp(resource_root, "/gpu/hip/shared");
1144         CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&resource_root));
1145         CeedCallBackend(CeedDestroy(&basis_ceed));
1146       }
1147       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisDestroy(&basis));
1148     }
1149     // -- Fallback to ref if not all bases are shared
1150     if (!has_shared_bases) {
1151       *is_good_build = false;
1152       return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
1153     }
1154   }
1155   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetCeed(op, &ceed));
1156   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetQFunction(op, &qf));
1157   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionGetData(qf, &qf_data));
1158   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionGetFields(qf, NULL, &qf_input_fields, NULL, &qf_output_fields));
1159 
1160   // Get operator data
1161   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorIsAtPoints(op, &is_at_points));
1162   {
1163     CeedInt max_P = 0, max_P_1d = 0;
1164 
1165     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorBuildKernelData_Hip_gen(ceed, num_input_fields, op_input_fields, qf_input_fields, num_output_fields, op_output_fields,
1166                                                         qf_output_fields, &max_P, &max_P_1d, &Q, &Q_1d, &max_dim, &is_all_tensor, &use_3d_slices));
1167     data->max_P_1d = is_all_tensor ? max_P_1d : max_P;
1168   }
1169   if (max_dim == 0) max_dim = 1;
1170   data->dim = max_dim;
1171   if (is_at_points) {
1172     CeedElemRestriction_Hip *rstr_data;
1173     CeedElemRestriction      rstr_points = NULL;
1174 
1175     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorAtPointsGetPoints(op, &rstr_points, NULL));
1176     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetMaxPointsInElement(rstr_points, &max_num_points));
1177     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetCompStride(rstr_points, &coords_comp_stride));
1178     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetData(rstr_points, &rstr_data));
1179     data->points.indices = (CeedInt *)rstr_data->d_offsets;
1180     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&rstr_points));
1181   }
1182   if (is_at_points) use_3d_slices = false;
1183   if (Q_1d == 0) {
1184     if (is_at_points) Q_1d = max_num_points;
1185     else CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetNumQuadraturePoints(op, &Q_1d));
1186   }
1187   if (Q == 0) Q = Q_1d;
1188   data->Q    = Q;
1189   data->Q_1d = Q_1d;
1190 
1191   // Check for restriction only identity operator
1192   {
1193     bool is_identity_qf;
1194 
1195     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionIsIdentity(qf, &is_identity_qf));
1196     if (is_identity_qf) {
1197       CeedEvalMode eval_mode_in, eval_mode_out;
1198 
1199       CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_input_fields[0], &eval_mode_in));
1200       CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_output_fields[0], &eval_mode_out));
1201       CeedCheck(eval_mode_in != CEED_EVAL_NONE || eval_mode_out != CEED_EVAL_NONE, ceed, CEED_ERROR_BACKEND,
1202                 "Backend does not implement restriction only identity operators");
1203     }
1204   }
1205 
1206   // Load basis source files
1207   if (!is_all_tensor) {
1208     code << "// Tensor basis source\n";
1209     code << "#include <ceed/jit-source/hip/hip-shared-basis-tensor-templates.h>\n\n";
1210   }
1211   if (!is_all_tensor) {
1212     code << "// Non-tensor basis source\n";
1213     code << "#include <ceed/jit-source/hip/hip-shared-basis-nontensor-templates.h>\n\n";
1214   }
1215   if (is_at_points) {
1216     code << "// AtPoints basis source\n";
1217     code << "#include <ceed/jit-source/hip/hip-shared-basis-tensor-at-points-templates.h>\n\n";
1218   }
1219   if (!is_all_tensor && !is_all_nontensor) {
1220     code << "// Tensor basis source\n";
1221     code << "#include <ceed/jit-source/hip/hip-shared-basis-tensor-flattened-templates.h>\n\n";
1222   }
1223   code << "// CodeGen operator source\n";
1224   code << "#include <ceed/jit-source/hip/hip-gen-templates.h>\n\n";
1225 
1226   // Get QFunction name
1227   std::string qfunction_name(qf_data->qfunction_name);
1228   std::string operator_name;
1229 
1230   operator_name = "CeedKernelHipGenOperator_" + qfunction_name;
1231 
1232   // Define CEED_Q_VLA
1233   code << "\n#undef CEED_Q_VLA\n";
1234   if (max_dim != 3 || is_at_points || use_3d_slices || !is_all_tensor) {
1235     code << "#define CEED_Q_VLA 1\n\n";
1236   } else {
1237     code << "#define CEED_Q_VLA " << Q_1d << "\n\n";
1238   }
1239 
1240   // Add user QFunction source
1241   {
1242     const char *source_path;
1243 
1244     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionGetSourcePath(qf, &source_path));
1245     CeedCheck(source_path, ceed, CEED_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED, "/gpu/hip/gen backend requires QFunction source code file");
1246 
1247     code << "// User QFunction source\n";
1248     code << "#include \"" << source_path << "\"\n\n";
1249   }
1250 
1251   // Setup
1252   code << "\n// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n";
1253   code << "// Operator Kernel\n";
1254   code << "// \n";
1255   code << "// d_[in,out]_i:   CeedVector device array\n";
1256   code << "// r_[in,out]_e_i: Element vector register\n";
1257   code << "// r_[in,out]_q_i: Quadrature space vector register\n";
1258   code << "// r_[in,out]_c_i: AtPoints Chebyshev coefficients register\n";
1259   code << "// r_[in,out]_s_i: Quadrature space slice vector register\n";
1260   code << "// \n";
1261   code << "// s_B_[in,out]_i: Interpolation matrix, shared memory\n";
1262   code << "// s_G_[in,out]_i: Gradient matrix, shared memory\n";
1263   code << "// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n";
1264   code << "\nextern \"C\" __launch_bounds__(BLOCK_SIZE)\n";
1265   code << "__global__ void " << operator_name
1266        << "(CeedInt num_elem, void* ctx, FieldsInt_Hip indices, Fields_Hip fields, Fields_Hip B, Fields_Hip G, CeedScalar* W, Points_Hip points) {\n";
1267 
1268   // Scratch buffers
1269   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_input_fields; i++) {
1270     CeedEvalMode eval_mode;
1271 
1272     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_input_fields[i], &eval_mode));
1273     if (eval_mode != CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT) {  // Skip CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT
1274       code << "  const CeedScalar *__restrict__ d_in_" << i << " = fields.inputs[" << i << "];\n";
1275     }
1276   }
1277   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_output_fields; i++) {
1278     code << "  CeedScalar *__restrict__ d_out_" << i << " = fields.outputs[" << i << "];\n";
1279   }
1280 
1281   code << " const CeedInt max_dim = " << max_dim << ";\n";
1282   if (!is_all_tensor) {
1283     code << "  const CeedInt Q = " << Q << ";\n";
1284   }
1285   if (!is_all_nontensor) {
1286     code << "  const CeedInt Q_1d = " << Q_1d << ";\n";
1287   }
1288   if (is_at_points) {
1289     code << "  const CeedInt max_num_points = " << max_num_points << ";\n";
1290     code << "  const CeedInt coords_comp_stride = " << coords_comp_stride << ";\n";
1291   }
1292 
1293   // Shared data
1294   code << "  extern __shared__ CeedScalar slice[];\n";
1295   code << "  SharedData_Hip data;\n";
1296   code << "  data.t_id_x = threadIdx.x;\n";
1297   code << "  data.t_id_y = threadIdx.y;\n";
1298   code << "  data.t_id_z = threadIdx.z;\n";
1299   code << "  data.t_id   = threadIdx.x + threadIdx.y*blockDim.x + threadIdx.z*blockDim.y*blockDim.x;\n";
1300   code << "  data.slice  = slice + data.t_id_z*OP_T_1D" << ((!is_all_tensor || max_dim == 1) ? "" : "*OP_T_1D") << ";\n";
1301 
1302   // -- Determine input mat reuse
1303   FieldReuse_Hip input_matrix_reuse[CEED_FIELD_MAX];
1304 
1305   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_input_fields; i++) {
1306     input_matrix_reuse[i].index = -1;
1307   }
1308   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_input_fields; i++) {
1309     bool         is_tensor = true;
1310     CeedEvalMode eval_mode_i;
1311     CeedBasis    basis_i;
1312 
1313     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_input_fields[i], &eval_mode_i));
1314     if (eval_mode_i == CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT) continue;
1315     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(op_input_fields[i], &basis_i));
1316     CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisIsTensor(basis_i, &is_tensor));
1317     for (CeedInt j = 0; (input_matrix_reuse[i].index == -1) && (j < i); j++) {
1318       CeedEvalMode eval_mode_j;
1319       CeedBasis    basis_j;
1320 
1321       CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_input_fields[j], &eval_mode_j));
1322       if (eval_mode_j == CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT) continue;
1323       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(op_input_fields[j], &basis_j));
1324       if (basis_i == basis_j) {
1325         if (is_tensor) {
1326           input_matrix_reuse[i].index     = j;
1327           input_matrix_reuse[i].is_input  = true;
1328           input_matrix_reuse[i].eval_mode = eval_mode_j;
1329         } else {
1330           // For non-tensor can only re-use with the same eval mode
1331           if (eval_mode_i == eval_mode_j) {
1332             input_matrix_reuse[i].index     = j;
1333             input_matrix_reuse[i].is_input  = true;
1334             input_matrix_reuse[i].eval_mode = eval_mode_j;
1335           }
1336         }
1337       }
1338       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisDestroy(&basis_j));
1339     }
1340     CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisDestroy(&basis_i));
1341   }
1342 
1343   // -- Determine output mat reuse
1344   FieldReuse_Hip output_matrix_reuse[CEED_FIELD_MAX];
1345 
1346   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_output_fields; i++) {
1347     output_matrix_reuse[i].index = -1;
1348   }
1349   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_output_fields; i++) {
1350     bool         is_tensor = true;
1351     CeedEvalMode eval_mode_i;
1352     CeedBasis    basis_i;
1353 
1354     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_output_fields[i], &eval_mode_i));
1355     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(op_output_fields[i], &basis_i));
1356     for (CeedInt j = 0; (output_matrix_reuse[i].index == -1) && (j < num_input_fields); j++) {
1357       CeedEvalMode eval_mode_j;
1358       CeedBasis    basis_j;
1359 
1360       CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_input_fields[j], &eval_mode_j));
1361       if (eval_mode_j == CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT) continue;
1362       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(op_input_fields[j], &basis_j));
1363       if (basis_i == basis_j) {
1364         if (is_tensor) {
1365           output_matrix_reuse[i].index     = j;
1366           output_matrix_reuse[i].is_input  = true;
1367           output_matrix_reuse[i].eval_mode = eval_mode_j;
1368         } else {
1369           // For non-tensor can only re-use with the same eval mode
1370           if (eval_mode_i == eval_mode_j) {
1371             output_matrix_reuse[i].index     = j;
1372             output_matrix_reuse[i].is_input  = true;
1373             output_matrix_reuse[i].eval_mode = eval_mode_j;
1374           }
1375         }
1376       }
1377       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisDestroy(&basis_j));
1378     }
1379     for (CeedInt j = 0; (output_matrix_reuse[i].index == -1) && (j < i); j++) {
1380       CeedEvalMode eval_mode_j;
1381       CeedBasis    basis_j;
1382 
1383       CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_output_fields[j], &eval_mode_j));
1384       if (eval_mode_j == CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT) continue;
1385       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(op_output_fields[j], &basis_j));
1386       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisIsTensor(basis_i, &is_tensor));
1387       if (basis_i == basis_j) {
1388         if (is_tensor) {
1389           output_matrix_reuse[i].index     = j;
1390           output_matrix_reuse[i].is_input  = false;
1391           output_matrix_reuse[i].eval_mode = eval_mode_j;
1392         } else {
1393           // For non-tensor can only re-use with the same eval mode
1394           if (eval_mode_i == eval_mode_j) {
1395             output_matrix_reuse[i].index     = j;
1396             output_matrix_reuse[i].is_input  = false;
1397             output_matrix_reuse[i].eval_mode = eval_mode_j;
1398           }
1399         }
1400       }
1401       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisDestroy(&basis_j));
1402     }
1403     CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisDestroy(&basis_i));
1404   }
1405 
1406   // Initialize constants, and matrices B and G
1407   code << "\n  // Input field constants and basis data\n";
1408   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_input_fields; i++) {
1409     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorBuildKernelFieldData_Hip_gen(code, data, i, op_input_fields[i], qf_input_fields[i], input_matrix_reuse[i], max_dim, Q,
1410                                                              Q_1d, true, is_all_tensor, is_at_points, use_3d_slices));
1411   }
1412   code << "\n  // Output field constants and basis data\n";
1413   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_output_fields; i++) {
1414     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorBuildKernelFieldData_Hip_gen(code, data, i, op_output_fields[i], qf_output_fields[i], output_matrix_reuse[i], max_dim,
1415                                                              Q, Q_1d, false, is_all_tensor, is_at_points, use_3d_slices));
1416   }
1417 
1418   // Loop over all elements
1419   code << "\n  // Element loop\n";
1420   code << "  __syncthreads();\n";
1421   code << "  for (CeedInt elem = blockIdx.x*blockDim.z + threadIdx.z; elem < num_elem; elem += gridDim.x*blockDim.z) {\n";
1422 
1423   // -- Compute minimum buffer space needed
1424   CeedInt max_rstr_buffer_size = 1;
1425 
1426   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_input_fields; i++) {
1427     CeedEvalMode eval_mode;
1428 
1429     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_input_fields[i], &eval_mode));
1430     if (eval_mode != CEED_EVAL_NONE && eval_mode != CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT) {
1431       CeedInt             num_comp;
1432       CeedElemRestriction elem_rstr;
1433 
1434       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(op_input_fields[i], &elem_rstr));
1435       CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetNumComponents(elem_rstr, &num_comp));
1436       max_rstr_buffer_size = CeedIntMax(max_rstr_buffer_size, num_comp * (is_all_tensor && (max_dim >= 3) ? Q_1d : 1));
1437       CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&elem_rstr));
1438     }
1439   }
1440   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_output_fields; i++) {
1441     CeedEvalMode eval_mode;
1442 
1443     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_output_fields[i], &eval_mode));
1444     if (eval_mode != CEED_EVAL_NONE) {
1445       CeedInt             num_comp;
1446       CeedElemRestriction elem_rstr;
1447 
1448       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(op_output_fields[i], &elem_rstr));
1449       CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetNumComponents(elem_rstr, &num_comp));
1450       max_rstr_buffer_size = CeedIntMax(max_rstr_buffer_size, num_comp * (is_all_tensor && (max_dim >= 3) ? Q_1d : 1));
1451       CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&elem_rstr));
1452     }
1453   }
1454   code << "    // Scratch restriction buffer space\n";
1455   code << "    CeedScalar r_e_scratch[" << max_rstr_buffer_size << "];\n";
1456 
1457   // -- Determine best input field processing order
1458   CeedInt field_rstr_in_buffer[CEED_FIELD_MAX], input_field_order[CEED_FIELD_MAX];
1459 
1460   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_input_fields; i++) {
1461     field_rstr_in_buffer[i] = -1;
1462     input_field_order[i]    = -1;
1463   }
1464   {
1465     bool    is_ordered[CEED_FIELD_MAX];
1466     CeedInt curr_index = 0;
1467 
1468     for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_input_fields; i++) is_ordered[i] = false;
1469     for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_input_fields; i++) {
1470       CeedVector          vec_i;
1471       CeedElemRestriction rstr_i;
1472 
1473       if (is_ordered[i]) continue;
1474       field_rstr_in_buffer[i]       = i;
1475       is_ordered[i]                 = true;
1476       input_field_order[curr_index] = i;
1477       curr_index++;
1478       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_input_fields[i], &vec_i));
1479       if (vec_i == CEED_VECTOR_NONE) continue;  // CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT
1480       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(op_input_fields[i], &rstr_i));
1481       for (CeedInt j = i + 1; j < num_input_fields; j++) {
1482         CeedVector          vec_j;
1483         CeedElemRestriction rstr_j;
1484 
1485         CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_input_fields[j], &vec_j));
1486         CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(op_input_fields[j], &rstr_j));
1487         if (rstr_i == rstr_j && vec_i == vec_j) {
1488           field_rstr_in_buffer[j]       = i;
1489           is_ordered[j]                 = true;
1490           input_field_order[curr_index] = j;
1491           curr_index++;
1492         }
1493         CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&vec_j));
1494         CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&rstr_j));
1495       }
1496       CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&vec_i));
1497       CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&rstr_i));
1498     }
1499   }
1500 
1501   // -- Input restriction and basis
1502   code << "\n    // -- Input field restrictions and basis actions\n";
1503   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_input_fields; i++) {
1504     const char   *field_name;
1505     const CeedInt f = input_field_order[i];
1506 
1507     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetName(op_input_fields[f], &field_name));
1508     code << "    // ---- Input field " << f << ": " << field_name << "\n";
1509 
1510     // ---- Restriction
1511     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorBuildKernelRestriction_Hip_gen(code, data, f, field_rstr_in_buffer, op_input_fields[f], qf_input_fields[f], max_dim,
1512                                                                Q_1d, true, is_all_tensor, is_at_points, use_3d_slices));
1513 
1514     // ---- Basis action
1515     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorBuildKernelBasis_Hip_gen(code, data, f, op_input_fields[f], qf_input_fields[f], max_dim, Q_1d, true, is_all_tensor,
1516                                                          is_at_points, use_3d_slices));
1517   }
1518 
1519   // -- Q function
1520   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorBuildKernelQFunction_Hip_gen(code, data, max_dim, max_num_points, num_input_fields, op_input_fields, qf_input_fields,
1521                                                            num_output_fields, op_output_fields, qf_output_fields, qfunction_name, Q_1d, is_all_tensor,
1522                                                            is_at_points, use_3d_slices));
1523 
1524   // -- Output basis and restriction
1525   code << "\n    // -- Output field basis action and restrictions\n";
1526   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_output_fields; i++) {
1527     const char *field_name;
1528 
1529     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetName(op_output_fields[i], &field_name));
1530     code << "    // ---- Output field " << i << ": " << field_name << "\n";
1531 
1532     // ---- Basis action
1533     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorBuildKernelBasis_Hip_gen(code, data, i, op_output_fields[i], qf_output_fields[i], max_dim, Q_1d, false, is_all_tensor,
1534                                                          is_at_points, use_3d_slices));
1535 
1536     // ---- Restriction
1537     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorBuildKernelRestriction_Hip_gen(code, data, i, NULL, op_output_fields[i], qf_output_fields[i], max_dim, Q_1d, false,
1538                                                                is_all_tensor, is_at_points, use_3d_slices));
1539   }
1540 
1541   // Close loop and function
1542   code << "  }\n";
1543   code << "}\n";
1544   code << "// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\n";
1545 
1546   CeedInt block_sizes[3] = {0, 0, 0};
1547   CeedInt num_elem;
1548 
1549   // Compile
1550   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetNumElements(op, &num_elem));
1551   CeedCallBackend(BlockGridCalculate_Hip_gen(is_all_tensor ? max_dim : 1, num_elem, data->max_P_1d, is_all_tensor ? Q_1d : Q, block_sizes));
1552   if (is_at_points) block_sizes[2] = 1;
1553   {
1554     bool is_compile_good = false;
1555 
1556     data->thread_1d = block_sizes[0];
1557     CeedCallBackend(CeedTryCompile_Hip(ceed, code.str().c_str(), &is_compile_good, &data->module, 2, "OP_T_1D", block_sizes[0], "BLOCK_SIZE",
1558                                        block_sizes[0] * block_sizes[1] * block_sizes[2]));
1559     if (is_compile_good) {
1560       *is_good_build = true;
1561       CeedCallBackend(CeedGetKernel_Hip(ceed, data->module, operator_name.c_str(), &data->op));
1562     } else {
1563       *is_good_build     = false;
1564       data->use_fallback = true;
1565     }
1566   }
1567   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorSetSetupDone(op));
1568   CeedCallBackend(CeedDestroy(&ceed));
1569   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionDestroy(&qf));
1570   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
1571 }
1572 
1573 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1574