xref: /libCEED/backends/hip-gen/ceed-hip-gen-operator-build.cpp (revision 74398b5adbecd200ffa32cb282fd0f9b2ec0d708)
1 // Copyright (c) 2017-2024, Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC and other CEED contributors.
2 // All Rights Reserved. See the top-level LICENSE and NOTICE files for details.
3 //
4 // SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
5 //
6 // This file is part of CEED:  http://github.com/ceed
7 
8 #define CEED_DEBUG_COLOR 12
9 
10 #include <ceed.h>
11 #include <ceed/backend.h>
12 #include <ceed/jit-tools.h>
13 
14 #include <iostream>
15 #include <sstream>
16 #include <string>
17 
18 #include "../hip-ref/ceed-hip-ref.h"
19 #include "../hip-shared/ceed-hip-shared.h"
20 #include "../hip/ceed-hip-common.h"
21 #include "../hip/ceed-hip-compile.h"
22 #include "ceed-hip-gen.h"
23 
24 struct FieldReuse_Hip {
25   CeedInt      index;
26   bool         is_input;
27   CeedEvalMode eval_mode;
28 };
29 
30 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
31 // Calculate the block size used for launching the operator kernel
32 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
33 extern "C" int BlockGridCalculate_Hip_gen(const CeedInt dim, const CeedInt num_elem, const CeedInt P_1d, const CeedInt Q_1d, CeedInt *block_sizes) {
34   const CeedInt thread_1d = CeedIntMax(Q_1d, P_1d);
35   if (dim == 1) {
36     CeedInt elems_per_block = 64 * thread_1d > 256 ? 256 / thread_1d : 64;
37 
38     elems_per_block = elems_per_block > 0 ? elems_per_block : 1;
39     block_sizes[0]  = thread_1d;
40     block_sizes[1]  = 1;
41     block_sizes[2]  = elems_per_block;
42   } else if (dim == 2) {
43     const CeedInt elems_per_block = thread_1d < 4 ? 16 : 2;
44 
45     block_sizes[0] = thread_1d;
46     block_sizes[1] = thread_1d;
47     block_sizes[2] = elems_per_block;
48   } else if (dim == 3) {
49     const CeedInt elems_per_block = thread_1d < 6 ? 4 : (thread_1d < 8 ? 2 : 1);
50 
51     block_sizes[0] = thread_1d;
52     block_sizes[1] = thread_1d;
53     block_sizes[2] = elems_per_block;
54   }
55   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
56 }
57 
58 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
59 // Determine type of operator
60 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
61 static int CeedOperatorBuildKernelData_Hip_gen(Ceed ceed, CeedInt num_input_fields, CeedOperatorField *op_input_fields,
62                                                CeedQFunctionField *qf_input_fields, CeedInt num_output_fields, CeedOperatorField *op_output_fields,
63                                                CeedQFunctionField *qf_output_fields, CeedInt *max_P, CeedInt *max_P_1d, CeedInt *Q, CeedInt *Q_1d,
64                                                CeedInt *max_dim, bool *is_all_tensor, bool *use_3d_slices) {
65   // Check if all are tensor
66   *is_all_tensor = true;
67   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_input_fields; i++) {
68     CeedBasis basis;
69 
70     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(op_input_fields[i], &basis));
71     if (basis != CEED_BASIS_NONE) {
72       bool is_field_tensor;
73 
74       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisIsTensor(basis, &is_field_tensor));
75       *is_all_tensor = *is_all_tensor && is_field_tensor;
76     }
77     CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisDestroy(&basis));
78   }
79   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_output_fields; i++) {
80     CeedBasis basis;
81 
82     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(op_output_fields[i], &basis));
83     if (basis != CEED_BASIS_NONE) {
84       bool is_field_tensor;
85 
86       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisIsTensor(basis, &is_field_tensor));
87       *is_all_tensor = *is_all_tensor && is_field_tensor;
88     }
89     CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisDestroy(&basis));
90   }
91 
92   // Find max_P, max_P_1d, Q, and Q_1d
93   bool is_all_3d = true;
94 
95   *max_P    = 0;
96   *max_P_1d = 0;
97   *Q        = 0;
98   *Q_1d     = 0;
99   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_input_fields; i++) {
100     CeedBasis basis;
101 
102     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(op_input_fields[i], &basis));
103     if (basis != CEED_BASIS_NONE) {
104       bool    is_field_tensor;
105       CeedInt field_dim = 0, field_P = 0, field_P_1d = 0, field_Q = 0, field_Q_1d = 0;
106 
107       // Check if 3D
108       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetDimension(basis, &field_dim));
109       is_all_3d = is_all_3d && (field_dim == 3);
110       *max_dim  = CeedIntMax(*max_dim, field_dim);
111 
112       // Collect P, P_1d, Q, and Q_1d
113       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumNodes(basis, &field_P));
114       *max_P = CeedIntMax(*max_P, field_P);
115       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisIsTensor(basis, &is_field_tensor));
116       if (is_field_tensor) {
117         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumNodes1D(basis, &field_P_1d));
118         *max_P_1d = CeedIntMax(*max_P_1d, field_P_1d);
119       }
120       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadraturePoints(basis, &field_Q));
121       CeedCheck(*Q == 0 || field_Q == *Q, ceed, CEED_ERROR_BACKEND, "Quadrature spaces must be compatible");
122       *Q = field_Q;
123       if (is_field_tensor) {
124         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadraturePoints1D(basis, &field_Q_1d));
125         CeedCheck(*Q_1d == 0 || field_Q_1d == *Q_1d, ceed, CEED_ERROR_BACKEND, "Quadrature spaces must be compatible");
126         *Q_1d = field_Q_1d;
127       }
128     }
129     CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisDestroy(&basis));
130   }
131   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_output_fields; i++) {
132     CeedBasis basis;
133 
134     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(op_output_fields[i], &basis));
135     if (basis != CEED_BASIS_NONE) {
136       bool    is_field_tensor;
137       CeedInt field_dim = 0, field_P = 0, field_P_1d = 0, field_Q = 0, field_Q_1d = 0;
138 
139       // Check if 3D
140       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetDimension(basis, &field_dim));
141       is_all_3d = is_all_3d && (field_dim == 3);
142       *max_dim  = CeedIntMax(*max_dim, field_dim);
143 
144       // Collect P, P_1d, Q, and Q_1d
145       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumNodes(basis, &field_P));
146       *max_P = CeedIntMax(*max_P, field_P);
147       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisIsTensor(basis, &is_field_tensor));
148       if (is_field_tensor) {
149         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumNodes1D(basis, &field_P_1d));
150         *max_P_1d = CeedIntMax(*max_P_1d, field_P_1d);
151       }
152       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadraturePoints(basis, &field_Q));
153       CeedCheck(*Q == 0 || field_Q == *Q, ceed, CEED_ERROR_BACKEND, "Quadrature spaces must be compatible");
154       *Q = field_Q;
155       if (is_field_tensor) {
156         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadraturePoints1D(basis, &field_Q_1d));
157         CeedCheck(*Q_1d == 0 || field_Q_1d == *Q_1d, ceed, CEED_ERROR_BACKEND, "Quadrature spaces must be compatible");
158         *Q_1d = field_Q_1d;
159       }
160     }
161     CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisDestroy(&basis));
162   }
163 
164   // Only use 3D collocated gradient parallelization strategy when gradient is computed
165   *use_3d_slices = false;
166   if (is_all_3d && *is_all_tensor) {
167     bool was_grad_found = false;
168 
169     for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_input_fields; i++) {
170       CeedEvalMode eval_mode;
171 
172       CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_input_fields[i], &eval_mode));
173       if (eval_mode == CEED_EVAL_GRAD) {
174         CeedBasis_Hip_shared *basis_data;
175         CeedBasis             basis;
176 
177         CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(op_input_fields[i], &basis));
178         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetData(basis, &basis_data));
179         *use_3d_slices = basis_data->d_collo_grad_1d && (was_grad_found ? *use_3d_slices : true);
180         was_grad_found = true;
181         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisDestroy(&basis));
182       }
183     }
184     for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_output_fields; i++) {
185       CeedEvalMode eval_mode;
186 
187       CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_output_fields[i], &eval_mode));
188       if (eval_mode == CEED_EVAL_GRAD) {
189         CeedBasis_Hip_shared *basis_data;
190         CeedBasis             basis;
191 
192         CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(op_output_fields[i], &basis));
193         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetData(basis, &basis_data));
194         *use_3d_slices = basis_data->d_collo_grad_1d && (was_grad_found ? *use_3d_slices : true);
195         was_grad_found = true;
196         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisDestroy(&basis));
197       }
198     }
199   }
200   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
201 }
202 
203 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
204 // Setup fields
205 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
206 static int CeedOperatorBuildKernelFieldData_Hip_gen(std::ostringstream &code, CeedOperator_Hip_gen *data, CeedInt i, CeedOperatorField op_field,
207                                                     CeedQFunctionField qf_field, FieldReuse_Hip field_reuse, CeedInt max_dim, CeedInt Q, CeedInt Q_1d,
208                                                     bool is_input, bool is_all_tensor, bool is_at_points, bool use_3d_slices) {
209   bool      is_tensor = true;
210   CeedBasis basis;
211   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(op_field, &basis));
212   if (basis != CEED_BASIS_NONE) CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisIsTensor(basis, &is_tensor));
213 
214   const char           *field_name;
215   std::string           var_suffix = (is_input ? "_in_" : "_out_") + std::to_string(i);
216   std::string           P_name = (is_tensor ? "P_1d" : "P") + var_suffix, Q_name = is_tensor ? "Q_1d" : "Q";
217   std::string           option_name = (is_input ? "inputs" : "outputs");
218   CeedEvalMode          eval_mode   = CEED_EVAL_NONE;
219   CeedInt               elem_size = 0, num_comp = 0, dim = max_dim, P_1d = 0;
220   CeedElemRestriction   elem_rstr;
221   CeedBasis_Hip_shared *basis_data;
222 
223   // Field reuse info
224   bool use_previous_field = field_reuse.index != -1;
225 
226   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetName(op_field, &field_name));
227   code << "  // -- " << (is_input ? "Input" : "Output") << " field " << i << ": " << field_name << "\n";
228 
229   // Get field data
230   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(op_field, &elem_rstr));
231   if (elem_rstr != CEED_ELEMRESTRICTION_NONE) {
232     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetElementSize(elem_rstr, &elem_size));
233     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetNumComponents(elem_rstr, &num_comp));
234   }
235   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&elem_rstr));
236   if (basis != CEED_BASIS_NONE) {
237     CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetData(basis, &basis_data));
238     CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetDimension(basis, &dim));
239     if (is_tensor) CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumNodes1D(basis, &P_1d));
240     else CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumNodes(basis, &P_1d));
241   }
242   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_field, &eval_mode));
243 
244   // Set field constants
245   code << "  const CeedInt dim" << var_suffix << " = " << dim << ";\n";
246   if (is_tensor && !is_all_tensor) {
247     CeedInt P = 0;
248 
249     CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumNodes(basis, &P));
250     code << "  const CeedInt P" << var_suffix << " = " << (basis == CEED_BASIS_NONE ? Q : P) << ";\n";
251   }
252   code << "  const CeedInt " << P_name << " = " << (basis == CEED_BASIS_NONE ? Q_1d : P_1d) << ";\n";
253   if (eval_mode != CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT) {
254     code << "  const CeedInt num_comp" << var_suffix << " = " << num_comp << ";\n";
255   }
256 
257   // Load basis data
258   code << "  // EvalMode: " << CeedEvalModes[eval_mode] << "\n";
259   switch (eval_mode) {
260     case CEED_EVAL_NONE:
261       break;
262     case CEED_EVAL_INTERP:
263       if (is_at_points) {
264         // AtPoints
265         if (!basis_data->d_chebyshev_interp_1d) {
266           CeedSize    interp_bytes;
267           CeedScalar *chebyshev_interp_1d;
268 
269           interp_bytes = P_1d * Q_1d * sizeof(CeedScalar);
270           CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(P_1d * Q_1d, &chebyshev_interp_1d));
271           CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetChebyshevInterp1D(basis, chebyshev_interp_1d));
272           CeedCallHip(CeedBasisReturnCeed(basis), hipMalloc((void **)&basis_data->d_chebyshev_interp_1d, interp_bytes));
273           CeedCallHip(CeedBasisReturnCeed(basis),
274                       hipMemcpy(basis_data->d_chebyshev_interp_1d, chebyshev_interp_1d, interp_bytes, hipMemcpyHostToDevice));
275           CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&chebyshev_interp_1d));
276         }
277         if (is_input) data->B.inputs[i] = basis_data->d_chebyshev_interp_1d;
278         else data->B.outputs[i] = basis_data->d_chebyshev_interp_1d;
279       } else {
280         // Standard quadrature
281         if (is_input) data->B.inputs[i] = basis_data->d_interp_1d;
282         else data->B.outputs[i] = basis_data->d_interp_1d;
283       }
284       if (use_previous_field) {
285         std::string reuse_var = "s_B" + ((field_reuse.is_input ? "_in_" : "_out_") + std::to_string(field_reuse.index));
286 
287         code << "  CeedScalar *s_B" << var_suffix << " = " << reuse_var << ";\n";
288       } else {
289         code << "  __shared__ CeedScalar s_B" << var_suffix << "[" << P_name << "*" << Q_name << "];\n";
290         code << "  LoadMatrix<" << P_name << ", " << Q_name << ">(data, B." << option_name << "[" << i << "], s_B" << var_suffix << ");\n";
291       }
292       break;
293     case CEED_EVAL_GRAD:
294       if (is_at_points) {
295         // AtPoints
296         if (!basis_data->d_chebyshev_interp_1d) {
297           CeedSize    interp_bytes;
298           CeedScalar *chebyshev_interp_1d;
299 
300           interp_bytes = P_1d * Q_1d * sizeof(CeedScalar);
301           CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(P_1d * Q_1d, &chebyshev_interp_1d));
302           CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetChebyshevInterp1D(basis, chebyshev_interp_1d));
303           CeedCallHip(CeedBasisReturnCeed(basis), hipMalloc((void **)&basis_data->d_chebyshev_interp_1d, interp_bytes));
304           CeedCallHip(CeedBasisReturnCeed(basis),
305                       hipMemcpy(basis_data->d_chebyshev_interp_1d, chebyshev_interp_1d, interp_bytes, hipMemcpyHostToDevice));
306           CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&chebyshev_interp_1d));
307         }
308         if (is_input) data->B.inputs[i] = basis_data->d_chebyshev_interp_1d;
309         else data->B.outputs[i] = basis_data->d_chebyshev_interp_1d;
310       } else {
311         // Standard quadrature
312         if (is_input) data->B.inputs[i] = basis_data->d_interp_1d;
313         else data->B.outputs[i] = basis_data->d_interp_1d;
314       }
315       if (is_tensor) {
316         if (use_previous_field) {
317           std::string reuse_var = "s_B" + ((field_reuse.is_input ? "_in_" : "_out_") + std::to_string(field_reuse.index));
318 
319           code << "  CeedScalar *s_B" << var_suffix << " = " << reuse_var << ";\n";
320         } else {
321           code << "  __shared__ CeedScalar s_B" << var_suffix << "[" << P_name << "*" << Q_name << "];\n";
322           code << "  LoadMatrix<" << P_name << ", " << Q_name << ">(data, B." << option_name << "[" << i << "], s_B" << var_suffix << ");\n";
323         }
324       }
325       if (is_at_points) break;  // No G mat for AtPoints
326       if (use_3d_slices) {
327         if (is_input) data->G.inputs[i] = basis_data->d_collo_grad_1d;
328         else data->G.outputs[i] = basis_data->d_collo_grad_1d;
329         if (use_previous_field && field_reuse.eval_mode == CEED_EVAL_GRAD) {
330           std::string reuse_var = "s_G" + ((field_reuse.is_input ? "_in_" : "_out_") + std::to_string(field_reuse.index));
331 
332           code << "  CeedScalar *s_G" << var_suffix << " = " << reuse_var << ";\n";
333         } else {
334           code << "  __shared__ CeedScalar s_G" << var_suffix << "[" << Q_name << "*" << Q_name << "];\n";
335           code << "  LoadMatrix<" << Q_name << ", " << Q_name << ">(data, G." << option_name << "[" << i << "], s_G" << var_suffix << ");\n";
336         }
337       } else {
338         bool has_collo_grad = basis_data->d_collo_grad_1d;
339 
340         if (is_input) data->G.inputs[i] = has_collo_grad ? basis_data->d_collo_grad_1d : basis_data->d_grad_1d;
341         else data->G.outputs[i] = has_collo_grad ? basis_data->d_collo_grad_1d : basis_data->d_grad_1d;
342         if (has_collo_grad) {
343           if (use_previous_field && field_reuse.eval_mode == CEED_EVAL_GRAD) {
344             std::string reuse_var = "s_G" + ((field_reuse.is_input ? "_in_" : "_out_") + std::to_string(field_reuse.index));
345 
346             code << "  CeedScalar *s_G" << var_suffix << " = " << reuse_var << ";\n";
347           } else {
348             code << "  __shared__ CeedScalar s_G" << var_suffix << "[" << Q_name << "*" << Q_name << "];\n";
349             code << "  LoadMatrix<" << Q_name << ", " << Q_name << ">(data, G." << option_name << "[" << i << "], s_G" << var_suffix << ");\n";
350           }
351         } else {
352           if (use_previous_field && field_reuse.eval_mode == CEED_EVAL_GRAD) {
353             std::string reuse_var = "s_G" + ((field_reuse.is_input ? "_in_" : "_out_") + std::to_string(field_reuse.index));
354 
355             code << "  CeedScalar *s_G" << var_suffix << " = " << reuse_var << ";\n";
356           } else {
357             code << "  __shared__ CeedScalar s_G" << var_suffix << "[" << P_name << "*" << Q_name << (is_tensor ? "" : "*dim")
358                  << (is_tensor ? "" : var_suffix) << "];\n";
359             code << "  LoadMatrix<" << P_name << ", " << Q_name << (is_tensor ? "" : "*dim") << (is_tensor ? "" : var_suffix) << ">(data, G."
360                  << option_name << "[" << i << "], s_G" << var_suffix << ");\n";
361           }
362         }
363       }
364       break;
365     case CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT:
366       break;  // No action
367       // LCOV_EXCL_START
368     case CEED_EVAL_DIV:
369     case CEED_EVAL_CURL:
370       break;  // TODO: Not implemented
371               // LCOV_EXCL_STOP
372   }
373   CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisDestroy(&basis));
374   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
375 }
376 
377 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
378 // Restriction
379 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
380 static int CeedOperatorBuildKernelRestriction_Hip_gen(std::ostringstream &code, CeedOperator_Hip_gen *data, CeedInt i, CeedInt field_input_buffer[],
381                                                       CeedOperatorField op_field, CeedQFunctionField qf_field, CeedInt max_dim, CeedInt Q_1d,
382                                                       bool is_input, bool is_all_tensor, bool is_at_points, bool use_3d_slices) {
383   std::string              var_suffix = (is_input ? "_in_" : "_out_") + std::to_string(i);
384   std::string              P_name     = (is_all_tensor ? "P_1d" : "P") + var_suffix;
385   CeedEvalMode             eval_mode  = CEED_EVAL_NONE;
386   CeedInt                  elem_size = 0, num_comp = 0;
387   CeedSize                 l_size;
388   CeedRestrictionType      rstr_type = CEED_RESTRICTION_STANDARD;
389   CeedElemRestriction_Hip *rstr_data;
390   CeedElemRestriction      elem_rstr;
391 
392   // Get field data
393   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(op_field, &elem_rstr));
394   if (elem_rstr != CEED_ELEMRESTRICTION_NONE) {
395     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetType(elem_rstr, &rstr_type));
396     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetElementSize(elem_rstr, &elem_size));
397     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetNumComponents(elem_rstr, &num_comp));
398     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetData(elem_rstr, &rstr_data));
399   }
400   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_field, &eval_mode));
401 
402   // Restriction
403   if (is_input) {
404     // Input
405     if (field_input_buffer[i] != i) {
406       std::string buffer_name = "r_e_in_" + std::to_string(field_input_buffer[i]);
407 
408       // Restriction was already done for previous input
409       code << "    CeedScalar *r_e" << var_suffix << " = " << buffer_name << ";\n";
410     } else if (eval_mode != CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT && !((eval_mode == CEED_EVAL_NONE) && use_3d_slices && is_at_points)) {
411       if (eval_mode == CEED_EVAL_NONE && rstr_type != CEED_RESTRICTION_POINTS) {
412         // No basis action, so r_e_in_* in also r_q_in_* and needs to be allocated
413         code << "    CeedScalar r_e" << var_suffix << "[num_comp" << var_suffix << "*" << P_name << "];\n";
414       } else if (rstr_type != CEED_RESTRICTION_POINTS) {
415         // Otherwise we're using the scratch space
416         code << "    CeedScalar *r_e" << var_suffix << " = r_e_scratch;\n";
417       }
418       switch (rstr_type) {
419         case CEED_RESTRICTION_STANDARD: {
420           CeedInt comp_stride;
421 
422           CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetLVectorSize(elem_rstr, &l_size));
423           code << "    const CeedInt l_size" << var_suffix << " = " << l_size << ";\n";
424           CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetCompStride(elem_rstr, &comp_stride));
425           code << "    // CompStride: " << comp_stride << "\n";
426           data->indices.inputs[i] = (CeedInt *)rstr_data->d_offsets;
427           code << "    ReadLVecStandard" << (is_all_tensor ? max_dim : 1) << "d<num_comp" << var_suffix << ", " << comp_stride << ", " << P_name
428                << ">(data, l_size" << var_suffix << ", elem, indices.inputs[" << i << "], d" << var_suffix << ", r_e" << var_suffix << ");\n";
429           break;
430         }
431         case CEED_RESTRICTION_STRIDED: {
432           bool    has_backend_strides;
433           CeedInt num_elem;
434 
435           CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionHasBackendStrides(elem_rstr, &has_backend_strides));
436           CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetNumElements(elem_rstr, &num_elem));
437           CeedInt strides[3] = {1, elem_size * num_elem, elem_size};
438 
439           if (!has_backend_strides) {
440             CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetStrides(elem_rstr, strides));
441           }
442           code << "    // Strides: {" << strides[0] << ", " << strides[1] << ", " << strides[2] << "}\n";
443           code << "    ReadLVecStrided" << (is_all_tensor ? max_dim : 1) << "d<num_comp" << var_suffix << ", " << P_name << ", " << strides[0] << ", "
444                << strides[1] << ", " << strides[2] << ">(data, elem, d" << var_suffix << ", r_e" << var_suffix << ");\n";
445           break;
446         }
447         case CEED_RESTRICTION_POINTS: {
448           CeedInt comp_stride;
449 
450           CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetCompStride(elem_rstr, &comp_stride));
451           code << "    const CeedInt comp_stride" << var_suffix << " = " << comp_stride << ";\n";
452           data->indices.inputs[i] = (CeedInt *)rstr_data->d_offsets;
453           break;
454         }
455         // LCOV_EXCL_START
456         case CEED_RESTRICTION_ORIENTED:
457         case CEED_RESTRICTION_CURL_ORIENTED:
458           break;  // TODO: Not implemented
459                   // LCOV_EXCL_STOP
460       }
461     }
462   } else {
463     // Output
464     switch (rstr_type) {
465       case CEED_RESTRICTION_STANDARD: {
466         CeedInt comp_stride;
467 
468         CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetLVectorSize(elem_rstr, &l_size));
469         code << "    const CeedInt l_size" << var_suffix << " = " << l_size << ";\n";
470         CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetCompStride(elem_rstr, &comp_stride));
471         code << "    // CompStride: " << comp_stride << "\n";
472         data->indices.outputs[i] = (CeedInt *)rstr_data->d_offsets;
473         code << "    WriteLVecStandard" << (is_all_tensor ? max_dim : 1) << "d<num_comp" << var_suffix << ", " << comp_stride << ", " << P_name
474              << ">(data, l_size" << var_suffix << ", elem, indices.outputs[" << i << "], r_e" << var_suffix << ", d" << var_suffix << ");\n";
475         break;
476       }
477       case CEED_RESTRICTION_STRIDED: {
478         bool    has_backend_strides;
479         CeedInt num_elem;
480 
481         CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionHasBackendStrides(elem_rstr, &has_backend_strides));
482         CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetNumElements(elem_rstr, &num_elem));
483         CeedInt strides[3] = {1, elem_size * num_elem, elem_size};
484 
485         if (!has_backend_strides) {
486           CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetStrides(elem_rstr, strides));
487         }
488         code << "    // Strides: {" << strides[0] << ", " << strides[1] << ", " << strides[2] << "}\n";
489         code << "    WriteLVecStrided" << (is_all_tensor ? max_dim : 1) << "d<num_comp" << var_suffix << ", " << P_name << ", " << strides[0] << ", "
490              << strides[1] << ", " << strides[2] << ">(data, elem, r_e" << var_suffix << ", d" << var_suffix << ");\n";
491         break;
492       }
493       case CEED_RESTRICTION_POINTS:
494         data->indices.outputs[i] = (CeedInt *)rstr_data->d_offsets;
495         break;
496       // LCOV_EXCL_START
497       case CEED_RESTRICTION_ORIENTED:
498       case CEED_RESTRICTION_CURL_ORIENTED:
499         break;  // TODO: Not implemented
500                 // LCOV_EXCL_STOP
501     }
502   }
503   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&elem_rstr));
504   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
505 }
506 
507 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
508 // Basis
509 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
510 static int CeedOperatorBuildKernelBasis_Hip_gen(std::ostringstream &code, CeedOperator_Hip_gen *data, CeedInt i, CeedOperatorField op_field,
511                                                 CeedQFunctionField qf_field, CeedInt max_dim, CeedInt Q_1d, bool is_input, bool is_all_tensor,
512                                                 bool is_at_points, bool use_3d_slices) {
513   bool      is_tensor = true;
514   CeedBasis basis;
515   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(op_field, &basis));
516   CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisIsTensor(basis, &is_tensor));
517 
518   std::string         var_suffix = (is_input ? "_in_" : "_out_") + std::to_string(i);
519   std::string         P_name = (is_tensor ? "P_1d" : "P") + var_suffix, Q_name = is_tensor ? "Q_1d" : "Q";
520   CeedEvalMode        eval_mode = CEED_EVAL_NONE;
521   CeedInt             dim = max_dim, elem_size = 0, num_comp = 0, P_1d = 0;
522   CeedElemRestriction elem_rstr;
523 
524   // Get field data
525   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(op_field, &elem_rstr));
526   if (elem_rstr != CEED_ELEMRESTRICTION_NONE) {
527     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetElementSize(elem_rstr, &elem_size));
528     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetNumComponents(elem_rstr, &num_comp));
529   }
530   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&elem_rstr));
531   if (basis != CEED_BASIS_NONE) {
532     CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetDimension(basis, &dim));
533     if (is_tensor) CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumNodes1D(basis, &P_1d));
534     else CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumNodes(basis, &P_1d));
535   }
536   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_field, &eval_mode));
537 
538   // Basis
539   code << "    // EvalMode: " << CeedEvalModes[eval_mode] << "\n";
540   if (is_input) {
541     switch (eval_mode) {
542       case CEED_EVAL_NONE:
543         if (!use_3d_slices && !is_at_points) {
544           code << "    CeedScalar *r_q" << var_suffix << " = r_e" << var_suffix << ";\n";
545         }
546         break;
547       case CEED_EVAL_INTERP:
548         if (is_at_points) {
549           std::string function_name = (dim == 1 ? "Interp" : "InterpTensor") + std::to_string(dim) + "d";
550 
551           code << "    CeedScalar r_c" << var_suffix << "[num_comp" << var_suffix << "*" << (dim >= 3 ? Q_name : "1") << "];\n";
552           code << "    " << function_name << "<num_comp" << var_suffix << ", " << P_name << ", " << Q_name << ", OP_T_1D>(data, r_e" << var_suffix
553                << ", s_B" << var_suffix << ", r_c" << var_suffix << ");\n";
554         } else {
555           std::string function_name = is_tensor
556                                           ? ((dim == 1 ? "Interp" : "InterpTensor") + std::to_string(dim) + "d" + (is_all_tensor ? "" : "Flattened"))
557                                           : "InterpNonTensor";
558           std::string op_t_1d_name  = (is_all_tensor || !is_tensor) ? "OP_T_1D" : (P_1d > Q_1d ? P_name : Q_name);
559 
560           code << "    CeedScalar r_q" << var_suffix << "[num_comp" << var_suffix << "*" << (is_all_tensor && (dim >= 3) ? Q_name : "1") << "];\n";
561           code << "    " << function_name << "<num_comp" << var_suffix << ", " << P_name << ", " << Q_name << ", " << op_t_1d_name << ">(data, r_e"
562                << var_suffix << ", s_B" << var_suffix << ", r_q" << var_suffix << ");\n";
563         }
564         break;
565       case CEED_EVAL_GRAD:
566         if (is_at_points) {
567           std::string function_name = (dim == 1 ? "Interp" : "InterpTensor") + std::to_string(dim) + "d";
568 
569           code << "    CeedScalar r_c" << var_suffix << "[num_comp" << var_suffix << "*" << (dim >= 3 ? Q_name : "1") << "];\n";
570           code << "    " << function_name << "<num_comp" << var_suffix << ", " << P_name << ", " << Q_name << ", OP_T_1D>(data, r_e" << var_suffix
571                << ", s_B" << var_suffix << ", r_c" << var_suffix << ");\n";
572         } else if (use_3d_slices) {
573           std::string function_name = (dim > 1 ? "InterpTensor" : "Interp") + std::to_string(dim) + "d";
574 
575           code << "    CeedScalar r_q" << var_suffix << "[num_comp" << var_suffix << "*" << Q_name << "];\n";
576           code << "    " << function_name << "<num_comp" << var_suffix << ", " << P_name << ", " << Q_name << ", OP_T_1D>(data, r_e" << var_suffix
577                << ", s_B" << var_suffix << ", r_q" << var_suffix << ");\n";
578         } else if (is_tensor) {
579           bool        is_collocated = dim == 3 && Q_1d >= P_1d;
580           std::string function_name = (dim == 1 ? "Grad" : (is_collocated ? "GradTensorCollocated" : "GradTensor")) + std::to_string(dim) + "d" +
581                                       (is_all_tensor ? "" : "Flattened");
582           std::string op_t_1d_name = is_all_tensor ? "OP_T_1D" : (P_1d > Q_1d ? P_name : Q_name);
583 
584           code << "    CeedScalar r_q" << var_suffix << "[num_comp" << var_suffix << "*dim" << var_suffix << "*"
585                << (is_all_tensor && dim >= 3 ? Q_name : "1") << "];\n";
586           code << "    " << function_name << "<num_comp" << var_suffix << ", " << P_name << ", " << Q_name << ", " << op_t_1d_name << ">(data, r_e"
587                << var_suffix << ", s_B" << var_suffix << ", s_G" << var_suffix << ", r_q" << var_suffix << ");\n";
588         } else {
589           std::string function_name = "GradNonTensor";
590 
591           code << "    CeedScalar r_q" << var_suffix << "[num_comp" << var_suffix << "*dim" << var_suffix << "];\n";
592           code << "    " << function_name << "<num_comp" << var_suffix << ", dim" << var_suffix << ", " << P_name << ", " << Q_name
593                << ", OP_T_1D>(data, r_e" << var_suffix << ", s_G" << var_suffix << ", r_q" << var_suffix << ");\n";
594         }
595         break;
596       case CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT: {
597         if (is_at_points) {
598           code << "    // Nothing to do AtPoints\n";
599         } else {
600           CeedBasis_Hip_shared *basis_data;
601           std::string           function_name = is_tensor
602                                                     ? ((dim == 1 ? "Weight" : "WeightTensor") + std::to_string(dim) + "d" + (is_all_tensor ? "" : "Flattened"))
603                                                     : "WeightNonTensor";
604 
605           code << "    CeedScalar r_q" << var_suffix << "[" << (is_all_tensor && (dim >= 3) ? Q_name : "1") << "];\n";
606           CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetData(basis, &basis_data));
607           data->W = basis_data->d_q_weight_1d;
608           code << "    " << function_name << "<" << P_name << ", " << Q_name << ">(data, W, r_q" << var_suffix << ");\n";
609         }
610         break;
611       }
612       // LCOV_EXCL_START
613       case CEED_EVAL_DIV:
614       case CEED_EVAL_CURL:
615         break;  // TODO: Not implemented
616                 // LCOV_EXCL_STOP
617     }
618   } else {
619     switch (eval_mode) {
620       case CEED_EVAL_NONE:
621         code << "    CeedScalar *r_e" << var_suffix << " = r_q" << var_suffix << ";\n";
622         break;  // No action
623       case CEED_EVAL_INTERP:
624         code << "    CeedScalar *r_e" << var_suffix << " = r_e_scratch;\n";
625         if (is_at_points) {
626           std::string function_name = (dim == 1 ? "InterpTranspose" : "InterpTransposeTensor") + std::to_string(dim) + "d";
627 
628           code << "    " << function_name << "<num_comp" << var_suffix << ", " << P_name << ", " << Q_name << ", OP_T_1D>(data, r_c" << var_suffix
629                << ", s_B" << var_suffix << ", r_e" << var_suffix << ");\n";
630         } else {
631           std::string function_name =
632               is_tensor ? ((dim == 1 ? "InterpTranspose" : "InterpTransposeTensor") + std::to_string(dim) + "d" + (is_all_tensor ? "" : "Flattened"))
633                         : "InterpTransposeNonTensor";
634           std::string op_t_1d_name = (is_all_tensor || !is_tensor) ? "OP_T_1D" : (P_1d > Q_1d ? P_name : Q_name);
635 
636           code << "    " << function_name << "<num_comp" << var_suffix << ", " << P_name << ", " << Q_name << ", " << op_t_1d_name << ">(data, r_q"
637                << var_suffix << ", s_B" << var_suffix << ", r_e" << var_suffix << ");\n";
638         }
639         break;
640       case CEED_EVAL_GRAD:
641         code << "    CeedScalar *r_e" << var_suffix << " = r_e_scratch;\n";
642         if (is_at_points) {
643           std::string function_name = (dim == 1 ? "InterpTranspose" : "InterpTransposeTensor") + std::to_string(dim) + "d";
644 
645           code << "    " << function_name << "<num_comp" << var_suffix << ", " << P_name << ", " << Q_name << ", OP_T_1D>(data, r_c" << var_suffix
646                << ", s_B" << var_suffix << ", r_e" << var_suffix << ");\n";
647         } else if (use_3d_slices) {
648           std::string function_name = (dim == 1 ? "InterpTranspose" : "InterpTransposeTensor") + std::to_string(dim) + "d";
649 
650           code << "    " << function_name << "<num_comp" << var_suffix << ", " << P_name << ", " << Q_name << ", OP_T_1D>(data, r_q" << var_suffix
651                << ", s_B" << var_suffix << ", r_e" << var_suffix << ");\n";
652         } else if (is_tensor) {
653           bool        is_collocated = dim == 3 && Q_1d >= P_1d;
654           std::string function_name = (dim == 1 ? "GradTranspose" : (is_collocated ? "GradTransposeTensorCollocated" : "GradTransposeTensor")) +
655                                       std::to_string(dim) + "d" + (is_all_tensor ? "" : "Flattened");
656           std::string op_t_1d_name = is_all_tensor ? "OP_T_1D" : (P_1d > Q_1d ? P_name : Q_name);
657 
658           code << "    " << function_name << "<num_comp" << var_suffix << ", " << P_name << ", " << Q_name << ", " << op_t_1d_name << ">(data, r_q"
659                << var_suffix << ", s_B" << var_suffix << ", s_G" << var_suffix << ", r_e" << var_suffix << ");\n";
660         } else {
661           std::string function_name = "GradTransposeNonTensor";
662 
663           code << "    " << function_name << "<num_comp" << var_suffix << ", dim" << var_suffix << ", " << P_name << ", " << Q_name
664                << ", OP_T_1D>(data, r_q" << var_suffix << ", s_G" << var_suffix << ", r_e" << var_suffix << ");\n";
665         }
666         break;
667       // LCOV_EXCL_START
668       case CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT:
669         break;  // Should not occur
670       case CEED_EVAL_DIV:
671       case CEED_EVAL_CURL:
672         break;  // TODO: Not implemented
673                 // LCOV_EXCL_STOP
674     }
675   }
676   CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisDestroy(&basis));
677   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
678 }
679 
680 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
681 // QFunction
682 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
683 static int CeedOperatorBuildKernelQFunction_Hip_gen(std::ostringstream &code, CeedOperator_Hip_gen *data, CeedInt max_dim, CeedInt max_num_points,
684                                                     CeedInt num_input_fields, CeedOperatorField *op_input_fields, CeedQFunctionField *qf_input_fields,
685                                                     CeedInt num_output_fields, CeedOperatorField *op_output_fields,
686                                                     CeedQFunctionField *qf_output_fields, std::string qfunction_name, CeedInt Q_1d,
687                                                     bool is_all_tensor, bool is_at_points, bool use_3d_slices) {
688   std::string         Q_name    = is_all_tensor ? "Q_1d" : "Q";
689   CeedEvalMode        eval_mode = CEED_EVAL_NONE;
690   CeedElemRestriction elem_rstr;
691 
692   // Setup output arrays
693   code << "\n    // -- Output field setup\n";
694   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_output_fields; i++) {
695     const char *field_name;
696     std::string var_suffix = "_out_" + std::to_string(i);
697 
698     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetName(op_output_fields[i], &field_name));
699     code << "    // ---- Output field " << i << ": " << field_name << "\n";
700     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_output_fields[i], &eval_mode));
701     switch (eval_mode) {
702       case CEED_EVAL_NONE:
703         if (is_at_points) {
704           code << "    CeedScalar r_q" << var_suffix << "[num_comp" << var_suffix << "];\n";
705         } else {
706           code << "    CeedScalar r_q" << var_suffix << "[num_comp" << var_suffix << "*" << (is_all_tensor && (max_dim >= 3) ? Q_name : "1")
707                << "];\n";
708         }
709         break;
710       case CEED_EVAL_INTERP:
711         if (is_at_points) {
712           // Accumulator for point data
713           code << "    CeedScalar r_c" << var_suffix << "[num_comp" << var_suffix << "*" << (max_dim >= 3 ? Q_name : "1") << "];\n";
714           code << "    for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_comp" << var_suffix << "*" << (max_dim >= 3 ? Q_name : "1") << "; i++) {\n";
715           code << "      r_c" << var_suffix << "[i] = 0.0;\n";
716           code << "    }\n";
717         } else {
718           code << "    CeedScalar r_q" << var_suffix << "[num_comp" << var_suffix << "*" << (is_all_tensor && (max_dim >= 3) ? Q_name : "1")
719                << "];\n";
720         }
721         break;
722       case CEED_EVAL_GRAD:
723         if (is_at_points) {
724           // Accumulator for point data
725           code << "    CeedScalar r_c" << var_suffix << "[num_comp" << var_suffix << "*" << (max_dim >= 3 ? Q_name : "1") << "*dim" << var_suffix
726                << "];\n";
727           code << "    for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_comp" << var_suffix << "*" << (max_dim >= 3 ? Q_name : "1") << "; i++) {\n";
728           code << "      r_c" << var_suffix << "[i] = 0.0;\n";
729           code << "    }\n";
730         } else if (use_3d_slices) {
731           // Accumulator for gradient slices
732           code << "    CeedScalar r_q" << var_suffix << "[num_comp" << var_suffix << "*" << Q_name << "];\n";
733           code << "    for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_comp" << var_suffix << "*" << Q_name << "; i++) {\n";
734           code << "      r_q" << var_suffix << "[i] = 0.0;\n";
735           code << "    }\n";
736         } else {
737           code << "    CeedScalar r_q" << var_suffix << "[num_comp" << var_suffix << "*dim" << var_suffix << "*"
738                << (is_all_tensor && (max_dim >= 3) ? Q_name : "1") << "];\n";
739         }
740         break;
741       case CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT:
742         break;
743         // LCOV_EXCL_START
744       case CEED_EVAL_DIV:
745       case CEED_EVAL_CURL:
746         break;  // TODO: Not implemented
747                 // LCOV_EXCL_STOP
748     }
749   }
750 
751   if (is_at_points) {
752     // We need to handle batches of points
753     code << "\n    // Note: Using batches of points\n";
754     code << "    const CeedInt point_loop_bound = (blockDim.x * blockDim.y) * ceil(1.0 * max_num_points / (blockDim.x * blockDim.y));\n\n";
755     code << "    #pragma unroll\n";
756     code << "    for (CeedInt i = threadIdx.x + threadIdx.y * blockDim.x; i < point_loop_bound; i += blockDim.x * blockDim.y) {\n";
757     code << "      const CeedInt p = i % max_num_points;\n\n";
758 
759     code << "      // -- Coordinates\n";
760     code << "      CeedScalar r_x[max_dim];\n";
761     code << "      ReadPoint<max_dim, coords_comp_stride, max_num_points>(data, elem, p, max_num_points, points.indices, points.coords, r_x);\n\n";
762 
763     code << "      // -- Input fields\n";
764     for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_input_fields; i++) {
765       const char *field_name;
766       std::string var_suffix = "_in_" + std::to_string(i);
767       std::string P_name     = "P_1d" + var_suffix;
768 
769       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetName(op_input_fields[i], &field_name));
770       code << "      // ---- Input field " << i << ": " << field_name << "\n";
771       CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_input_fields[i], &eval_mode));
772       // Basis action
773       code << "      // EvalMode: " << CeedEvalModes[eval_mode] << "\n";
774       switch (eval_mode) {
775         case CEED_EVAL_NONE:
776           code << "      CeedScalar r_s" << var_suffix << "[num_comp" << var_suffix << "];\n";
777           code << "      ReadPoint<num_comp" << var_suffix << ", comp_stride" << var_suffix
778                << ", max_num_points>(data, elem, p, max_num_points, indices.inputs[" << i << "], d" << var_suffix << ", r_s" << var_suffix << ");\n";
779           break;
780         case CEED_EVAL_INTERP:
781           code << "      CeedScalar r_s" << var_suffix << "[num_comp" << var_suffix << "];\n";
782           code << "      InterpAtPoints" << max_dim << "d<num_comp" << var_suffix << ", max_num_points, " << P_name << ", " << Q_name
783                << ">(data, i, r_c" << var_suffix << ", r_x, r_s" << var_suffix << ");\n";
784           break;
785         case CEED_EVAL_GRAD:
786           code << "      CeedScalar r_s" << var_suffix << "[num_comp" << var_suffix << "*dim" << var_suffix << "];\n";
787           code << "      GradAtPoints" << max_dim << "d<num_comp" << var_suffix << ", max_num_points, " << P_name << ", " << Q_name
788                << ">(data, i, r_c" << var_suffix << ", r_x, r_s" << var_suffix << ");\n";
789           break;
790         case CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT:
791           code << "      CeedScalar r_s" << var_suffix << "[1];\n";
792           code << "      r_s" << var_suffix << "[0] = 1.0;\n";
793           break;
794           // LCOV_EXCL_START
795         case CEED_EVAL_DIV:
796         case CEED_EVAL_CURL:
797           break;  // TODO: Not implemented
798                   // LCOV_EXCL_STOP
799       }
800     }
801     code << "\n      // -- Output fields\n";
802     for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_output_fields; i++) {
803       const char *field_name;
804       std::string var_suffix = "_out_" + std::to_string(i);
805 
806       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetName(op_output_fields[i], &field_name));
807       code << "      // ---- Output field " << i << ": " << field_name << "\n";
808       CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_output_fields[i], &eval_mode));
809       // Basis action
810       switch (eval_mode) {
811         case CEED_EVAL_NONE:
812           code << "      CeedScalar r_s" << var_suffix << "[num_comp" << var_suffix << "];\n";
813           break;
814         case CEED_EVAL_INTERP:
815           code << "      CeedScalar r_s" << var_suffix << "[num_comp" << var_suffix << "];\n";
816           break;
817         case CEED_EVAL_GRAD:
818           code << "      CeedScalar r_s" << var_suffix << "[num_comp" << var_suffix << "*dim" << var_suffix << "];\n";
819           break;
820           // LCOV_EXCL_START
821         case CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT:
822           break;  // Should not occur
823         case CEED_EVAL_DIV:
824         case CEED_EVAL_CURL:
825           break;  // TODO: Not implemented
826                   // LCOV_EXCL_STOP
827       }
828     }
829 
830   } else if (use_3d_slices) {
831     // We treat quadrature points per slice in 3d to save registers
832     code << "\n    // Note: Using planes of 3D elements\n";
833     code << "    #pragma unroll\n";
834     code << "    for (CeedInt q = 0; q < " << Q_name << "; q++) {\n";
835     code << "      // -- Input fields\n";
836     for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_input_fields; i++) {
837       const char *field_name;
838       std::string var_suffix = "_in_" + std::to_string(i);
839 
840       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetName(op_input_fields[i], &field_name));
841       code << "      // ---- Input field " << i << ": " << field_name << "\n";
842       CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_input_fields[i], &eval_mode));
843       // Basis action
844       code << "      // EvalMode: " << CeedEvalModes[eval_mode] << "\n";
845       switch (eval_mode) {
846         case CEED_EVAL_NONE:
847           bool is_strided;
848 
849           code << "      CeedScalar r_s" << var_suffix << "[num_comp" << var_suffix << "];\n";
850 
851           CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(op_input_fields[i], &elem_rstr));
852           CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionIsStrided(elem_rstr, &is_strided));
853           if (is_strided) {
854             bool    has_backend_strides;
855             CeedInt num_elem, elem_size;
856 
857             CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetElementSize(elem_rstr, &elem_size));
858             CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionHasBackendStrides(elem_rstr, &has_backend_strides));
859             CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetNumElements(elem_rstr, &num_elem));
860             CeedInt strides[3] = {1, elem_size * num_elem, elem_size};
861 
862             if (!has_backend_strides) {
863               CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetStrides(elem_rstr, strides));
864             }
865             code << "      // Strides: {" << strides[0] << ", " << strides[1] << ", " << strides[2] << "}\n";
866             code << "      ReadEVecSliceStrided3d<num_comp" << var_suffix << ", " << Q_name << ", " << strides[0] << ", " << strides[1] << ", "
867                  << strides[2] << ">(data, elem, q, d" << var_suffix << ", r_s" << var_suffix << ");\n";
868           } else {
869             CeedSize                 l_size = 0;
870             CeedInt                  comp_stride;
871             CeedElemRestriction_Hip *rstr_data;
872 
873             CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetLVectorSize(elem_rstr, &l_size));
874             code << "      const CeedInt l_size" << var_suffix << " = " << l_size << ";\n";
875             CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetCompStride(elem_rstr, &comp_stride));
876             code << "      // CompStride: " << comp_stride << "\n";
877             CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetData(elem_rstr, &rstr_data));
878             data->indices.inputs[i] = (CeedInt *)rstr_data->d_offsets;
879             code << "      ReadEVecSliceStandard3d<num_comp" << var_suffix << ", " << comp_stride << ", " << Q_name << ">(data, l_size" << var_suffix
880                  << ", elem, q, indices.inputs[" << i << "], d" << var_suffix << ", r_s" << var_suffix << ");\n";
881           }
882           CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&elem_rstr));
883           break;
884         case CEED_EVAL_INTERP:
885           code << "      CeedScalar r_s" << var_suffix << "[num_comp" << var_suffix << "];\n";
886           code << "      for (CeedInt j = 0; j < num_comp" << var_suffix << "; j++) {\n";
887           code << "        r_s" << var_suffix << "[j] = r_q" << var_suffix << "[q + j*" << Q_name << "];\n";
888           code << "      }\n";
889           break;
890         case CEED_EVAL_GRAD:
891           code << "      CeedScalar r_s" << var_suffix << "[num_comp" << var_suffix << "*dim" << var_suffix << "];\n";
892           code << "      GradColloSlice3d<num_comp" << var_suffix << ", " << Q_name << ", OP_T_1D>(data, q, r_q" << var_suffix << ", s_G"
893                << var_suffix << ", r_s" << var_suffix << ");\n";
894           break;
895         case CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT:
896           code << "      CeedScalar r_s" << var_suffix << "[1];\n";
897           code << "      r_s" << var_suffix << "[0] = r_q" << var_suffix << "[q];\n";
898           break;
899           // LCOV_EXCL_START
900         case CEED_EVAL_DIV:
901         case CEED_EVAL_CURL:
902           break;  // TODO: Not implemented
903                   // LCOV_EXCL_STOP
904       }
905     }
906     code << "\n      // -- Output fields\n";
907     for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_output_fields; i++) {
908       const char *field_name;
909       std::string var_suffix = "_out_" + std::to_string(i);
910 
911       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetName(op_output_fields[i], &field_name));
912       code << "      // ---- Output field " << i << ": " << field_name << "\n";
913       CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_output_fields[i], &eval_mode));
914       // Basis action
915       switch (eval_mode) {
916         case CEED_EVAL_NONE:
917           code << "      CeedScalar r_s" << var_suffix << "[num_comp" << var_suffix << "];\n";
918           break;
919         case CEED_EVAL_INTERP:
920           code << "      CeedScalar r_s" << var_suffix << "[num_comp" << var_suffix << "];\n";
921           break;
922         case CEED_EVAL_GRAD:
923           code << "      CeedScalar r_s" << var_suffix << "[num_comp" << var_suffix << "*dim" << var_suffix << "];\n";
924           break;
925           // LCOV_EXCL_START
926         case CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT:
927           break;  // Should not occur
928         case CEED_EVAL_DIV:
929         case CEED_EVAL_CURL:
930           break;  // TODO: Not implemented
931                   // LCOV_EXCL_STOP
932       }
933     }
934   } else {
935     code << "\n    // Note: Using full elements\n";
936     code << "    {\n";
937     code << "      // -- Input fields\n";
938     for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_input_fields; i++) {
939       const char *field_name;
940 
941       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetName(op_input_fields[i], &field_name));
942       code << "      // ---- Input field " << i << ": " << field_name << "\n";
943       code << "      CeedScalar *r_s_in_" << i << " = r_q_in_" << i << ";\n";
944     }
945     code << "      // -- Output fields\n";
946     for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_output_fields; i++) {
947       const char *field_name;
948 
949       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetName(op_output_fields[i], &field_name));
950       code << "      // ---- Output field " << i << ": " << field_name << "\n";
951       code << "      CeedScalar *r_s_out_" << i << " = r_q_out_" << i << ";\n";
952     }
953   }
954 
955   // Input and output buffers
956   code << "\n      // -- QFunction inputs and outputs\n";
957   code << "      // ---- Inputs\n";
958   code << "      CeedScalar *inputs[" << CeedIntMax(num_input_fields, 1) << "];\n";
959   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_input_fields; i++) {
960     const char *field_name;
961 
962     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetName(op_input_fields[i], &field_name));
963     code << "      // ------ Input field " << i << ": " << field_name << "\n";
964     code << "      inputs[" << i << "] = r_s_in_" << i << ";\n";
965   }
966   code << "      // ---- Outputs\n";
967   code << "      CeedScalar *outputs[" << CeedIntMax(num_output_fields, 1) << "];\n";
968   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_output_fields; i++) {
969     const char *field_name;
970 
971     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetName(op_output_fields[i], &field_name));
972     code << "      // ------ Output field " << i << ": " << field_name << "\n";
973     code << "      outputs[" << i << "] = r_s_out_" << i << ";\n";
974   }
975 
976   // Apply QFunction
977   code << "\n      // -- Apply QFunction\n";
978   code << "      " << qfunction_name << "(ctx, ";
979   if (max_dim != 3 || is_at_points || use_3d_slices || !is_all_tensor) {
980     code << "1";
981   } else {
982     code << Q_name;
983   }
984   code << ", inputs, outputs);\n";
985 
986   if (is_at_points) {
987     // Map back to coefficients
988     code << "\n      // -- Output fields\n";
989     for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_output_fields; i++) {
990       const char *field_name;
991       std::string var_suffix = "_out_" + std::to_string(i);
992       std::string P_name     = "P_1d" + var_suffix;
993 
994       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetName(op_output_fields[i], &field_name));
995       code << "      // ---- Output field " << i << ": " << field_name << "\n";
996       CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_output_fields[i], &eval_mode));
997       // Basis action
998       code << "      // EvalMode: " << CeedEvalModes[eval_mode] << "\n";
999       switch (eval_mode) {
1000         case CEED_EVAL_NONE: {
1001           CeedInt             comp_stride;
1002           CeedElemRestriction elem_rstr;
1003 
1004           CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(op_output_fields[i], &elem_rstr));
1005           CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetCompStride(elem_rstr, &comp_stride));
1006           CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&elem_rstr));
1007           code << "      const CeedInt comp_stride" << var_suffix << " = " << comp_stride << ";\n";
1008           code << "      WritePoint<num_comp" << var_suffix << ", comp_stride" << var_suffix
1009                << ", max_num_points>(data, elem, i, points.num_per_elem[elem], indices.outputs[" << i << "]"
1010                << ", r_s" << var_suffix << ", d" << var_suffix << ");\n";
1011           break;
1012         }
1013         case CEED_EVAL_INTERP:
1014           code << "      if (i >= points.num_per_elem[elem]) {\n";
1015           code << "        for (CeedInt j = 0; j < num_comp" << var_suffix << "; j++) r_s" << var_suffix << "[j] = 0.0;\n";
1016           code << "      }\n";
1017           code << "      InterpTransposeAtPoints" << max_dim << "d<num_comp" << var_suffix << ", max_num_points, " << P_name << ", " << Q_name
1018                << ">(data, i, r_s" << var_suffix << ", r_x, r_c" << var_suffix << ");\n";
1019           break;
1020         case CEED_EVAL_GRAD:
1021           code << "      if (i >= points.num_per_elem[elem]) {\n";
1022           code << "        for (CeedInt j = 0; j < num_comp" << var_suffix << "*dim" << var_suffix << "; j++) r_s" << var_suffix << "[j] = 0.0;\n";
1023           code << "      }\n";
1024           code << "      GradTransposeAtPoints" << max_dim << "d<num_comp" << var_suffix << ", max_num_points, " << P_name << ", " << Q_name
1025                << ">(data, i, r_s" << var_suffix << ", r_x, r_c" << var_suffix << ");\n";
1026           break;
1027           // LCOV_EXCL_START
1028         case CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT:
1029           break;  // Should not occur
1030         case CEED_EVAL_DIV:
1031         case CEED_EVAL_CURL:
1032           break;  // TODO: Not implemented
1033                   // LCOV_EXCL_STOP
1034       }
1035     }
1036   } else if (use_3d_slices) {
1037     // Copy or apply transpose grad, if needed
1038     code << "\n      // -- Output fields\n";
1039     for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_output_fields; i++) {
1040       const char *field_name;
1041       std::string var_suffix = "_out_" + std::to_string(i);
1042       std::string P_name     = "P_1d" + var_suffix;
1043 
1044       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetName(op_output_fields[i], &field_name));
1045       code << "      // ---- Output field " << i << ": " << field_name << "\n";
1046       CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_output_fields[i], &eval_mode));
1047       // Basis action
1048       code << "      // EvalMode: " << CeedEvalModes[eval_mode] << "\n";
1049       switch (eval_mode) {
1050         case CEED_EVAL_NONE:
1051           code << "      for (CeedInt j = 0; j < num_comp" << var_suffix << " ; j++) {\n";
1052           code << "        r_q" << var_suffix << "[q + j*" << Q_name << "] = r_s" << var_suffix << "[j];\n";
1053           code << "      }\n";
1054           break;
1055         case CEED_EVAL_INTERP:
1056           code << "      for (CeedInt j = 0; j < num_comp" << var_suffix << " ; j++) {\n";
1057           code << "        r_q" << var_suffix << "[q + j*" << Q_name << "] = r_s" << var_suffix << "[j];\n";
1058           code << "      }\n";
1059           break;
1060         case CEED_EVAL_GRAD:
1061           code << "      GradColloSliceTranspose3d<num_comp" << var_suffix << ", " << Q_name << ", OP_T_1D>(data, q, r_s" << var_suffix << ", s_G"
1062                << var_suffix << ", r_q" << var_suffix << ");\n";
1063           break;
1064           // LCOV_EXCL_START
1065         case CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT:
1066           break;  // Should not occur
1067         case CEED_EVAL_DIV:
1068         case CEED_EVAL_CURL:
1069           break;  // TODO: Not implemented
1070                   // LCOV_EXCL_STOP
1071       }
1072     }
1073   }
1074   code << "    }\n";
1075   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
1076 }
1077 
1078 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1079 // Build single operator kernel
1080 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1081 extern "C" int CeedOperatorBuildKernel_Hip_gen(CeedOperator op, bool *is_good_build) {
1082   bool                   is_all_tensor = true, is_all_nontensor = true, is_at_points = false, use_3d_slices = false;
1083   Ceed                   ceed;
1084   CeedInt                Q, Q_1d, num_input_fields, num_output_fields, max_dim = 1, max_num_points = 0, coords_comp_stride = 0;
1085   CeedQFunctionField    *qf_input_fields, *qf_output_fields;
1086   CeedQFunction_Hip_gen *qf_data;
1087   CeedQFunction          qf;
1088   CeedOperatorField     *op_input_fields, *op_output_fields;
1089   CeedOperator_Hip_gen  *data;
1090   std::ostringstream     code;
1091 
1092   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetData(op, &data));
1093   {
1094     bool is_setup_done;
1095 
1096     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorIsSetupDone(op, &is_setup_done));
1097     if (is_setup_done) {
1098       *is_good_build = !data->use_fallback;
1099       return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
1100     }
1101   }
1102 
1103   // Check field compatibility
1104   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetFields(op, &num_input_fields, &op_input_fields, &num_output_fields, &op_output_fields));
1105   {
1106     bool has_shared_bases = true;
1107 
1108     for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_input_fields; i++) {
1109       CeedBasis basis;
1110 
1111       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(op_input_fields[i], &basis));
1112       if (basis != CEED_BASIS_NONE) {
1113         bool        is_tensor = true;
1114         const char *resource;
1115         char       *resource_root;
1116         Ceed        basis_ceed;
1117 
1118         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisIsTensor(basis, &is_tensor));
1119         is_all_tensor    = is_all_tensor && is_tensor;
1120         is_all_nontensor = is_all_nontensor && !is_tensor;
1121         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetCeed(basis, &basis_ceed));
1122         CeedCallBackend(CeedGetResource(basis_ceed, &resource));
1123         CeedCallBackend(CeedGetResourceRoot(basis_ceed, resource, ":", &resource_root));
1124         has_shared_bases = has_shared_bases && !strcmp(resource_root, "/gpu/hip/shared");
1125         CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&resource_root));
1126         CeedCallBackend(CeedDestroy(&basis_ceed));
1127       }
1128       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisDestroy(&basis));
1129     }
1130 
1131     for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_output_fields; i++) {
1132       CeedBasis basis;
1133 
1134       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(op_output_fields[i], &basis));
1135       if (basis != CEED_BASIS_NONE) {
1136         bool        is_tensor = true;
1137         const char *resource;
1138         char       *resource_root;
1139         Ceed        basis_ceed;
1140 
1141         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisIsTensor(basis, &is_tensor));
1142         is_all_tensor    = is_all_tensor && is_tensor;
1143         is_all_nontensor = is_all_nontensor && !is_tensor;
1144 
1145         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetCeed(basis, &basis_ceed));
1146         CeedCallBackend(CeedGetResource(basis_ceed, &resource));
1147         CeedCallBackend(CeedGetResourceRoot(basis_ceed, resource, ":", &resource_root));
1148         has_shared_bases = has_shared_bases && !strcmp(resource_root, "/gpu/hip/shared");
1149         CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&resource_root));
1150         CeedCallBackend(CeedDestroy(&basis_ceed));
1151       }
1152       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisDestroy(&basis));
1153     }
1154     // -- Fallback to ref if not all bases are shared
1155     if (!has_shared_bases) {
1156       *is_good_build = false;
1157       return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
1158     }
1159   }
1160   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetCeed(op, &ceed));
1161   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetQFunction(op, &qf));
1162   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionGetData(qf, &qf_data));
1163   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionGetFields(qf, NULL, &qf_input_fields, NULL, &qf_output_fields));
1164 
1165   // Get operator data
1166   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorIsAtPoints(op, &is_at_points));
1167   {
1168     CeedInt max_P, max_P_1d;
1169 
1170     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorBuildKernelData_Hip_gen(ceed, num_input_fields, op_input_fields, qf_input_fields, num_output_fields, op_output_fields,
1171                                                         qf_output_fields, &max_P, &max_P_1d, &Q, &Q_1d, &max_dim, &is_all_tensor, &use_3d_slices));
1172     data->max_P_1d = is_all_tensor ? max_P_1d : max_P;
1173   }
1174   if (max_dim == 0) max_dim = 1;
1175   data->dim = max_dim;
1176   if (is_at_points) {
1177     CeedElemRestriction_Hip *rstr_data;
1178     CeedElemRestriction      rstr_points = NULL;
1179 
1180     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorAtPointsGetPoints(op, &rstr_points, NULL));
1181     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetMaxPointsInElement(rstr_points, &max_num_points));
1182     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetCompStride(rstr_points, &coords_comp_stride));
1183     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetData(rstr_points, &rstr_data));
1184     data->points.indices = (CeedInt *)rstr_data->d_offsets;
1185     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&rstr_points));
1186   }
1187   if (is_at_points) use_3d_slices = false;
1188   if (Q_1d == 0) {
1189     if (is_at_points) Q_1d = max_num_points;
1190     else CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetNumQuadraturePoints(op, &Q_1d));
1191   }
1192   if (Q == 0) Q = Q_1d;
1193   data->Q    = Q;
1194   data->Q_1d = Q_1d;
1195 
1196   // Check for restriction only identity operator
1197   {
1198     bool is_identity_qf;
1199 
1200     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionIsIdentity(qf, &is_identity_qf));
1201     if (is_identity_qf) {
1202       CeedEvalMode eval_mode_in, eval_mode_out;
1203 
1204       CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_input_fields[0], &eval_mode_in));
1205       CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_output_fields[0], &eval_mode_out));
1206       CeedCheck(eval_mode_in != CEED_EVAL_NONE || eval_mode_out != CEED_EVAL_NONE, ceed, CEED_ERROR_BACKEND,
1207                 "Backend does not implement restriction only identity operators");
1208     }
1209   }
1210 
1211   // Load basis source files
1212   if (!is_all_tensor) {
1213     code << "// Tensor basis source\n";
1214     code << "#include <ceed/jit-source/hip/hip-shared-basis-tensor-templates.h>\n\n";
1215   }
1216   if (!is_all_tensor) {
1217     code << "// Non-tensor basis source\n";
1218     code << "#include <ceed/jit-source/hip/hip-shared-basis-nontensor-templates.h>\n\n";
1219   }
1220   if (is_at_points) {
1221     code << "// AtPoints basis source\n";
1222     code << "#include <ceed/jit-source/hip/hip-shared-basis-tensor-at-points-templates.h>\n\n";
1223   }
1224   if (!is_all_tensor && !is_all_nontensor) {
1225     code << "// Tensor basis source\n";
1226     code << "#include <ceed/jit-source/hip/hip-shared-basis-tensor-flattened-templates.h>\n\n";
1227   }
1228   code << "// CodeGen operator source\n";
1229   code << "#include <ceed/jit-source/hip/hip-gen-templates.h>\n\n";
1230 
1231   // Get QFunction name
1232   std::string qfunction_name(qf_data->qfunction_name);
1233   std::string operator_name;
1234 
1235   operator_name = "CeedKernelHipGenOperator_" + qfunction_name;
1236 
1237   // Define CEED_Q_VLA
1238   code << "\n#undef CEED_Q_VLA\n";
1239   if (max_dim != 3 || is_at_points || use_3d_slices || !is_all_tensor) {
1240     code << "#define CEED_Q_VLA 1\n\n";
1241   } else {
1242     code << "#define CEED_Q_VLA " << Q_1d << "\n\n";
1243   }
1244 
1245   // Add user QFunction source
1246   {
1247     const char *source_path;
1248 
1249     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionGetSourcePath(qf, &source_path));
1250     CeedCheck(source_path, ceed, CEED_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED, "/gpu/hip/gen backend requires QFunction source code file");
1251 
1252     code << "// User QFunction source\n";
1253     code << "#include \"" << source_path << "\"\n\n";
1254   }
1255 
1256   // Setup
1257   code << "\n// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n";
1258   code << "// Operator Kernel\n";
1259   code << "// \n";
1260   code << "// d_[in,out]_i:   CeedVector device array\n";
1261   code << "// r_[in,out]_e_i: Element vector register\n";
1262   code << "// r_[in,out]_q_i: Quadrature space vector register\n";
1263   code << "// r_[in,out]_c_i: AtPoints Chebyshev coefficients register\n";
1264   code << "// r_[in,out]_s_i: Quadrature space slice vector register\n";
1265   code << "// \n";
1266   code << "// s_B_[in,out]_i: Interpolation matrix, shared memory\n";
1267   code << "// s_G_[in,out]_i: Gradient matrix, shared memory\n";
1268   code << "// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n";
1269   code << "\nextern \"C\" __launch_bounds__(BLOCK_SIZE)\n";
1270   code << "__global__ void " << operator_name
1271        << "(CeedInt num_elem, void* ctx, FieldsInt_Hip indices, Fields_Hip fields, Fields_Hip B, Fields_Hip G, CeedScalar* W, Points_Hip points) {\n";
1272 
1273   // Scratch buffers
1274   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_input_fields; i++) {
1275     CeedEvalMode eval_mode;
1276 
1277     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_input_fields[i], &eval_mode));
1278     if (eval_mode != CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT) {  // Skip CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT
1279       code << "  const CeedScalar *__restrict__ d_in_" << i << " = fields.inputs[" << i << "];\n";
1280     }
1281   }
1282   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_output_fields; i++) {
1283     code << "  CeedScalar *__restrict__ d_out_" << i << " = fields.outputs[" << i << "];\n";
1284   }
1285 
1286   code << " const CeedInt max_dim = " << max_dim << ";\n";
1287   if (!is_all_tensor) {
1288     code << "  const CeedInt Q = " << Q << ";\n";
1289   }
1290   if (!is_all_nontensor) {
1291     code << "  const CeedInt Q_1d = " << Q_1d << ";\n";
1292   }
1293   if (is_at_points) {
1294     code << "  const CeedInt max_num_points = " << max_num_points << ";\n";
1295     code << "  const CeedInt coords_comp_stride = " << coords_comp_stride << ";\n";
1296   }
1297 
1298   // Shared data
1299   code << "  extern __shared__ CeedScalar slice[];\n";
1300   code << "  SharedData_Hip data;\n";
1301   code << "  data.t_id_x = threadIdx.x;\n";
1302   code << "  data.t_id_y = threadIdx.y;\n";
1303   code << "  data.t_id_z = threadIdx.z;\n";
1304   code << "  data.t_id  = threadIdx.x + threadIdx.y*blockDim.x + threadIdx.z*blockDim.y*blockDim.x;\n";
1305   code << "  data.slice = slice + data.t_id_z*OP_T_1D" << ((!is_all_tensor || max_dim == 1) ? "" : "*OP_T_1D") << ";\n";
1306 
1307   // -- Determine input mat reuse
1308   FieldReuse_Hip input_matrix_reuse[CEED_FIELD_MAX];
1309 
1310   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_input_fields; i++) {
1311     input_matrix_reuse[i].index = -1;
1312   }
1313   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_input_fields; i++) {
1314     bool         is_tensor = true;
1315     CeedEvalMode eval_mode_i;
1316     CeedBasis    basis_i;
1317 
1318     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_input_fields[i], &eval_mode_i));
1319     if (eval_mode_i == CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT) continue;
1320     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(op_input_fields[i], &basis_i));
1321     CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisIsTensor(basis_i, &is_tensor));
1322     for (CeedInt j = 0; (input_matrix_reuse[i].index == -1) && (j < i); j++) {
1323       CeedEvalMode eval_mode_j;
1324       CeedBasis    basis_j;
1325 
1326       CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_input_fields[j], &eval_mode_j));
1327       if (eval_mode_j == CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT) continue;
1328       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(op_input_fields[j], &basis_j));
1329       if (basis_i == basis_j) {
1330         if (is_tensor) {
1331           input_matrix_reuse[i].index     = j;
1332           input_matrix_reuse[i].is_input  = true;
1333           input_matrix_reuse[i].eval_mode = eval_mode_j;
1334         } else {
1335           // For non-tensor can only re-use with the same eval mode
1336           if (eval_mode_i == eval_mode_j) {
1337             input_matrix_reuse[i].index     = j;
1338             input_matrix_reuse[i].is_input  = true;
1339             input_matrix_reuse[i].eval_mode = eval_mode_j;
1340           }
1341         }
1342       }
1343       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisDestroy(&basis_j));
1344     }
1345     CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisDestroy(&basis_i));
1346   }
1347 
1348   // -- Determine output mat reuse
1349   FieldReuse_Hip output_matrix_reuse[CEED_FIELD_MAX];
1350 
1351   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_output_fields; i++) {
1352     output_matrix_reuse[i].index = -1;
1353   }
1354   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_output_fields; i++) {
1355     bool         is_tensor = true;
1356     CeedEvalMode eval_mode_i;
1357     CeedBasis    basis_i;
1358 
1359     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_output_fields[i], &eval_mode_i));
1360     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(op_output_fields[i], &basis_i));
1361     for (CeedInt j = 0; (output_matrix_reuse[i].index == -1) && (j < num_input_fields); j++) {
1362       CeedEvalMode eval_mode_j;
1363       CeedBasis    basis_j;
1364 
1365       CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_input_fields[j], &eval_mode_j));
1366       if (eval_mode_j == CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT) continue;
1367       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(op_input_fields[j], &basis_j));
1368       if (basis_i == basis_j) {
1369         if (is_tensor) {
1370           output_matrix_reuse[i].index     = j;
1371           output_matrix_reuse[i].is_input  = true;
1372           output_matrix_reuse[i].eval_mode = eval_mode_j;
1373         } else {
1374           // For non-tensor can only re-use with the same eval mode
1375           if (eval_mode_i == eval_mode_j) {
1376             output_matrix_reuse[i].index     = j;
1377             output_matrix_reuse[i].is_input  = true;
1378             output_matrix_reuse[i].eval_mode = eval_mode_j;
1379           }
1380         }
1381       }
1382       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisDestroy(&basis_j));
1383     }
1384     for (CeedInt j = 0; (output_matrix_reuse[i].index == -1) && (j < i); j++) {
1385       CeedEvalMode eval_mode_j;
1386       CeedBasis    basis_j;
1387 
1388       CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_output_fields[j], &eval_mode_j));
1389       if (eval_mode_j == CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT) continue;
1390       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(op_output_fields[j], &basis_j));
1391       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisIsTensor(basis_i, &is_tensor));
1392       if (basis_i == basis_j) {
1393         if (is_tensor) {
1394           output_matrix_reuse[i].index     = j;
1395           output_matrix_reuse[i].is_input  = false;
1396           output_matrix_reuse[i].eval_mode = eval_mode_j;
1397         } else {
1398           // For non-tensor can only re-use with the same eval mode
1399           if (eval_mode_i == eval_mode_j) {
1400             output_matrix_reuse[i].index     = j;
1401             output_matrix_reuse[i].is_input  = false;
1402             output_matrix_reuse[i].eval_mode = eval_mode_j;
1403           }
1404         }
1405       }
1406       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisDestroy(&basis_j));
1407     }
1408     CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisDestroy(&basis_i));
1409   }
1410 
1411   // Initialize constants, and matrices B and G
1412   code << "\n  // Input field constants and basis data\n";
1413   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_input_fields; i++) {
1414     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorBuildKernelFieldData_Hip_gen(code, data, i, op_input_fields[i], qf_input_fields[i], input_matrix_reuse[i], max_dim, Q,
1415                                                              Q_1d, true, is_all_tensor, is_at_points, use_3d_slices));
1416   }
1417   code << "\n  // Output field constants and basis data\n";
1418   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_output_fields; i++) {
1419     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorBuildKernelFieldData_Hip_gen(code, data, i, op_output_fields[i], qf_output_fields[i], output_matrix_reuse[i], max_dim,
1420                                                              Q, Q_1d, false, is_all_tensor, is_at_points, use_3d_slices));
1421   }
1422 
1423   // Loop over all elements
1424   code << "\n  // Element loop\n";
1425   code << "  __syncthreads();\n";
1426   code << "  for (CeedInt elem = blockIdx.x*blockDim.z + threadIdx.z; elem < num_elem; elem += gridDim.x*blockDim.z) {\n";
1427 
1428   // -- Compute minimum buffer space needed
1429   CeedInt max_rstr_buffer_size = 1;
1430 
1431   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_input_fields; i++) {
1432     CeedInt             num_comp, elem_size;
1433     CeedElemRestriction elem_rstr;
1434 
1435     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(op_input_fields[i], &elem_rstr));
1436     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetNumComponents(elem_rstr, &num_comp));
1437     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetElementSize(elem_rstr, &elem_size));
1438     max_rstr_buffer_size = CeedIntMax(max_rstr_buffer_size, num_comp * (is_all_tensor && (max_dim >= 3) ? elem_size : 1));
1439     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&elem_rstr));
1440   }
1441   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_output_fields; i++) {
1442     CeedInt             num_comp, elem_size;
1443     CeedElemRestriction elem_rstr;
1444 
1445     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(op_output_fields[i], &elem_rstr));
1446     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetNumComponents(elem_rstr, &num_comp));
1447     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetElementSize(elem_rstr, &elem_size));
1448     max_rstr_buffer_size = CeedIntMax(max_rstr_buffer_size, num_comp * (is_all_tensor && (max_dim >= 3) ? elem_size : 1));
1449     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&elem_rstr));
1450   }
1451   code << "    // Scratch restriction buffer space\n";
1452   code << "    CeedScalar r_e_scratch[" << max_rstr_buffer_size << "];\n";
1453 
1454   // -- Determine best input field processing order
1455   CeedInt field_rstr_in_buffer[CEED_FIELD_MAX], input_field_order[CEED_FIELD_MAX];
1456 
1457   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_input_fields; i++) {
1458     field_rstr_in_buffer[i] = -1;
1459     input_field_order[i]    = -1;
1460   }
1461   {
1462     bool    is_ordered[CEED_FIELD_MAX];
1463     CeedInt curr_index = 0;
1464 
1465     for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_input_fields; i++) is_ordered[i] = false;
1466     for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_input_fields; i++) {
1467       CeedVector          vec_i;
1468       CeedElemRestriction rstr_i;
1469 
1470       if (is_ordered[i]) continue;
1471       field_rstr_in_buffer[i]       = i;
1472       is_ordered[i]                 = true;
1473       input_field_order[curr_index] = i;
1474       curr_index++;
1475       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_input_fields[i], &vec_i));
1476       if (vec_i == CEED_VECTOR_NONE) continue;  // CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT
1477       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(op_input_fields[i], &rstr_i));
1478       for (CeedInt j = i + 1; j < num_input_fields; j++) {
1479         CeedVector          vec_j;
1480         CeedElemRestriction rstr_j;
1481 
1482         CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_input_fields[j], &vec_j));
1483         CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(op_input_fields[j], &rstr_j));
1484         if (rstr_i == rstr_j && vec_i == vec_j) {
1485           field_rstr_in_buffer[j]       = i;
1486           is_ordered[j]                 = true;
1487           input_field_order[curr_index] = j;
1488           curr_index++;
1489         }
1490         CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&vec_j));
1491         CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&rstr_j));
1492       }
1493       CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&vec_i));
1494       CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&rstr_i));
1495     }
1496   }
1497 
1498   // -- Input restriction and basis
1499   code << "\n    // -- Input field restrictions and basis actions\n";
1500   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_input_fields; i++) {
1501     const char   *field_name;
1502     const CeedInt f = input_field_order[i];
1503 
1504     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetName(op_input_fields[f], &field_name));
1505     code << "    // ---- Input field " << f << ": " << field_name << "\n";
1506 
1507     // ---- Restriction
1508     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorBuildKernelRestriction_Hip_gen(code, data, f, field_rstr_in_buffer, op_input_fields[f], qf_input_fields[f], max_dim,
1509                                                                Q_1d, true, is_all_tensor, is_at_points, use_3d_slices));
1510 
1511     // ---- Basis action
1512     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorBuildKernelBasis_Hip_gen(code, data, f, op_input_fields[f], qf_input_fields[f], max_dim, Q_1d, true, is_all_tensor,
1513                                                          is_at_points, use_3d_slices));
1514   }
1515 
1516   // -- Q function
1517   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorBuildKernelQFunction_Hip_gen(code, data, max_dim, max_num_points, num_input_fields, op_input_fields, qf_input_fields,
1518                                                            num_output_fields, op_output_fields, qf_output_fields, qfunction_name, Q_1d, is_all_tensor,
1519                                                            is_at_points, use_3d_slices));
1520 
1521   // -- Output basis and restriction
1522   code << "\n    // -- Output field basis action and restrictions\n";
1523   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_output_fields; i++) {
1524     const char *field_name;
1525 
1526     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetName(op_output_fields[i], &field_name));
1527     code << "    // ---- Output field " << i << ": " << field_name << "\n";
1528 
1529     // ---- Basis action
1530     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorBuildKernelBasis_Hip_gen(code, data, i, op_output_fields[i], qf_output_fields[i], max_dim, Q_1d, false, is_all_tensor,
1531                                                          is_at_points, use_3d_slices));
1532 
1533     // ---- Restriction
1534     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorBuildKernelRestriction_Hip_gen(code, data, i, NULL, op_output_fields[i], qf_output_fields[i], max_dim, Q_1d, false,
1535                                                                is_all_tensor, is_at_points, use_3d_slices));
1536   }
1537 
1538   // Close loop and function
1539   code << "  }\n";
1540   code << "}\n";
1541   code << "// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\n";
1542 
1543   CeedInt block_sizes[3] = {0, 0, 0};
1544   CeedInt num_elem;
1545 
1546   // Compile
1547   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetNumElements(op, &num_elem));
1548   CeedCallBackend(BlockGridCalculate_Hip_gen(is_all_tensor ? max_dim : 1, num_elem, data->max_P_1d, is_all_tensor ? Q_1d : Q, block_sizes));
1549   if (is_at_points) block_sizes[2] = 1;
1550   {
1551     bool is_compile_good = false;
1552 
1553     CeedCallBackend(CeedTryCompile_Hip(ceed, code.str().c_str(), &is_compile_good, &data->module, 2, "OP_T_1D", block_sizes[0], "BLOCK_SIZE",
1554                                        block_sizes[0] * block_sizes[1] * block_sizes[2]));
1555     if (is_compile_good) {
1556       *is_good_build = true;
1557       CeedCallBackend(CeedGetKernel_Hip(ceed, data->module, operator_name.c_str(), &data->op));
1558     } else {
1559       *is_good_build     = false;
1560       data->use_fallback = true;
1561     }
1562   }
1563   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorSetSetupDone(op));
1564   CeedCallBackend(CeedDestroy(&ceed));
1565   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionDestroy(&qf));
1566   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
1567 }
1568 
1569 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1570