xref: /libCEED/backends/hip-ref/ceed-hip-ref-operator.c (revision 034f99fd28bbd688e3b7ed077b6d504c2f765b9c)
1 // Copyright (c) 2017-2024, Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC and other CEED contributors.
2 // All Rights Reserved. See the top-level LICENSE and NOTICE files for details.
3 //
4 // SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
5 //
6 // This file is part of CEED:  http://github.com/ceed
7 
8 #include <ceed.h>
9 #include <ceed/backend.h>
10 #include <ceed/jit-tools.h>
11 #include <assert.h>
12 #include <stdbool.h>
13 #include <string.h>
14 #include <hip/hip_runtime.h>
15 
16 #include "../hip/ceed-hip-common.h"
17 #include "../hip/ceed-hip-compile.h"
18 #include "ceed-hip-ref.h"
19 
20 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
21 // Destroy operator
22 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
23 static int CeedOperatorDestroy_Hip(CeedOperator op) {
24   CeedOperator_Hip *impl;
25 
26   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetData(op, &impl));
27 
28   // Apply data
29   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&impl->num_points));
30   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&impl->skip_rstr_in));
31   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&impl->skip_rstr_out));
32   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&impl->apply_add_basis_out));
33   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&impl->input_field_order));
34   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&impl->output_field_order));
35   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&impl->input_states));
36 
37   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < impl->num_inputs; i++) {
38     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&impl->e_vecs_in[i]));
39     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&impl->q_vecs_in[i]));
40   }
41   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&impl->e_vecs_in));
42   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&impl->q_vecs_in));
43 
44   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < impl->num_outputs; i++) {
45     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&impl->e_vecs_out[i]));
46     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&impl->q_vecs_out[i]));
47   }
48   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&impl->e_vecs_out));
49   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&impl->q_vecs_out));
50   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&impl->point_coords_elem));
51 
52   // QFunction assembly data
53   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < impl->num_active_in; i++) {
54     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&impl->qf_active_in[i]));
55   }
56   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&impl->qf_active_in));
57 
58   // Diag data
59   if (impl->diag) {
60     Ceed ceed;
61 
62     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetCeed(op, &ceed));
63     if (impl->diag->module) {
64       CeedCallHip(ceed, hipModuleUnload(impl->diag->module));
65     }
66     if (impl->diag->module_point_block) {
67       CeedCallHip(ceed, hipModuleUnload(impl->diag->module_point_block));
68     }
69     CeedCallHip(ceed, hipFree(impl->diag->d_eval_modes_in));
70     CeedCallHip(ceed, hipFree(impl->diag->d_eval_modes_out));
71     CeedCallHip(ceed, hipFree(impl->diag->d_identity));
72     CeedCallHip(ceed, hipFree(impl->diag->d_interp_in));
73     CeedCallHip(ceed, hipFree(impl->diag->d_interp_out));
74     CeedCallHip(ceed, hipFree(impl->diag->d_grad_in));
75     CeedCallHip(ceed, hipFree(impl->diag->d_grad_out));
76     CeedCallHip(ceed, hipFree(impl->diag->d_div_in));
77     CeedCallHip(ceed, hipFree(impl->diag->d_div_out));
78     CeedCallHip(ceed, hipFree(impl->diag->d_curl_in));
79     CeedCallHip(ceed, hipFree(impl->diag->d_curl_out));
80     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&impl->diag->diag_rstr));
81     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&impl->diag->point_block_diag_rstr));
82     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&impl->diag->elem_diag));
83     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&impl->diag->point_block_elem_diag));
84   }
85   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&impl->diag));
86 
87   if (impl->asmb) {
88     Ceed ceed;
89 
90     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetCeed(op, &ceed));
91     CeedCallHip(ceed, hipModuleUnload(impl->asmb->module));
92     CeedCallHip(ceed, hipFree(impl->asmb->d_B_in));
93     CeedCallHip(ceed, hipFree(impl->asmb->d_B_out));
94   }
95   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&impl->asmb));
96 
97   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&impl));
98   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
99 }
100 
101 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
102 // Setup infields or outfields
103 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
104 static int CeedOperatorSetupFields_Hip(CeedQFunction qf, CeedOperator op, bool is_input, bool is_at_points, bool *skip_rstr, bool *apply_add_basis,
105                                        CeedVector *e_vecs, CeedVector *q_vecs, CeedInt num_fields, CeedInt Q, CeedInt num_elem) {
106   Ceed                ceed;
107   CeedQFunctionField *qf_fields;
108   CeedOperatorField  *op_fields;
109 
110   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetCeed(op, &ceed));
111   if (is_input) {
112     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetFields(op, NULL, &op_fields, NULL, NULL));
113     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionGetFields(qf, NULL, &qf_fields, NULL, NULL));
114   } else {
115     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetFields(op, NULL, NULL, NULL, &op_fields));
116     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionGetFields(qf, NULL, NULL, NULL, &qf_fields));
117   }
118 
119   // Loop over fields
120   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_fields; i++) {
121     bool         is_strided = false, skip_e_vec = false;
122     CeedSize     q_size;
123     CeedInt      size;
124     CeedEvalMode eval_mode;
125     CeedBasis    basis;
126 
127     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_fields[i], &eval_mode));
128     if (eval_mode != CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT) {
129       CeedElemRestriction elem_rstr;
130 
131       // Check whether this field can skip the element restriction:
132       // Must be passive input, with eval_mode NONE, and have a strided restriction with CEED_STRIDES_BACKEND.
133       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(op_fields[i], &elem_rstr));
134 
135       // First, check whether the field is input or output:
136       if (is_input) {
137         CeedVector l_vec;
138 
139         // Check for passive input
140         CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_fields[i], &l_vec));
141         if (l_vec != CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE && eval_mode == CEED_EVAL_NONE) {
142           // Check for strided restriction
143           CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionIsStrided(elem_rstr, &is_strided));
144           if (is_strided) {
145             // Check if vector is already in preferred backend ordering
146             CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionHasBackendStrides(elem_rstr, &skip_e_vec));
147           }
148         }
149       }
150       if (skip_e_vec) {
151         // Either an active field or strided local vec in backend ordering
152         e_vecs[i] = NULL;
153       } else {
154         CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionCreateVector(elem_rstr, NULL, &e_vecs[i]));
155       }
156     }
157 
158     switch (eval_mode) {
159       case CEED_EVAL_NONE:
160         CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetSize(qf_fields[i], &size));
161         q_size = (CeedSize)num_elem * Q * size;
162         CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorCreate(ceed, q_size, &q_vecs[i]));
163         break;
164       case CEED_EVAL_INTERP:
165       case CEED_EVAL_GRAD:
166       case CEED_EVAL_DIV:
167       case CEED_EVAL_CURL:
168         CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetSize(qf_fields[i], &size));
169         q_size = (CeedSize)num_elem * Q * size;
170         CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorCreate(ceed, q_size, &q_vecs[i]));
171         break;
172       case CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT:  // Only on input fields
173         CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(op_fields[i], &basis));
174         q_size = (CeedSize)num_elem * Q;
175         CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorCreate(ceed, q_size, &q_vecs[i]));
176         if (is_at_points) {
177           CeedInt num_points[num_elem];
178 
179           for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_elem; i++) num_points[i] = Q;
180           CeedCallBackend(
181               CeedBasisApplyAtPoints(basis, num_elem, num_points, CEED_NOTRANSPOSE, CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT, CEED_VECTOR_NONE, CEED_VECTOR_NONE, q_vecs[i]));
182         } else {
183           CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisApply(basis, num_elem, CEED_NOTRANSPOSE, CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT, CEED_VECTOR_NONE, q_vecs[i]));
184         }
185         break;
186     }
187   }
188   // Drop duplicate restrictions
189   if (is_input) {
190     for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_fields; i++) {
191       CeedVector          vec_i;
192       CeedElemRestriction rstr_i;
193 
194       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_fields[i], &vec_i));
195       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(op_fields[i], &rstr_i));
196       for (CeedInt j = i + 1; j < num_fields; j++) {
197         CeedVector          vec_j;
198         CeedElemRestriction rstr_j;
199 
200         CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_fields[j], &vec_j));
201         CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(op_fields[j], &rstr_j));
202         if (vec_i == vec_j && rstr_i == rstr_j) {
203           CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorReferenceCopy(e_vecs[i], &e_vecs[j]));
204           skip_rstr[j] = true;
205         }
206       }
207     }
208   } else {
209     for (CeedInt i = num_fields - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
210       CeedVector          vec_i;
211       CeedElemRestriction rstr_i;
212 
213       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_fields[i], &vec_i));
214       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(op_fields[i], &rstr_i));
215       for (CeedInt j = i - 1; j >= 0; j--) {
216         CeedVector          vec_j;
217         CeedElemRestriction rstr_j;
218 
219         CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_fields[j], &vec_j));
220         CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(op_fields[j], &rstr_j));
221         if (vec_i == vec_j && rstr_i == rstr_j) {
222           CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorReferenceCopy(e_vecs[i], &e_vecs[j]));
223           skip_rstr[j]       = true;
224           apply_add_basis[i] = true;
225         }
226       }
227     }
228   }
229   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
230 }
231 
232 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
233 // CeedOperator needs to connect all the named fields (be they active or passive) to the named inputs and outputs of its CeedQFunction.
234 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
235 static int CeedOperatorSetup_Hip(CeedOperator op) {
236   Ceed                ceed;
237   bool                is_setup_done;
238   CeedInt             Q, num_elem, num_input_fields, num_output_fields;
239   CeedQFunctionField *qf_input_fields, *qf_output_fields;
240   CeedQFunction       qf;
241   CeedOperatorField  *op_input_fields, *op_output_fields;
242   CeedOperator_Hip   *impl;
243 
244   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorIsSetupDone(op, &is_setup_done));
245   if (is_setup_done) return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
246 
247   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetCeed(op, &ceed));
248   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetData(op, &impl));
249   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetQFunction(op, &qf));
250   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetNumQuadraturePoints(op, &Q));
251   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetNumElements(op, &num_elem));
252   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetFields(op, &num_input_fields, &op_input_fields, &num_output_fields, &op_output_fields));
253   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionGetFields(qf, NULL, &qf_input_fields, NULL, &qf_output_fields));
254 
255   // Allocate
256   CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(num_input_fields, &impl->e_vecs_in));
257   CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(num_output_fields, &impl->e_vecs_out));
258   CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(num_input_fields, &impl->skip_rstr_in));
259   CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(num_output_fields, &impl->skip_rstr_out));
260   CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(num_output_fields, &impl->apply_add_basis_out));
261   CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(num_input_fields, &impl->input_field_order));
262   CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(num_output_fields, &impl->output_field_order));
263   CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(num_input_fields, &impl->input_states));
264   CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(num_input_fields, &impl->q_vecs_in));
265   CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(num_output_fields, &impl->q_vecs_out));
266   impl->num_inputs  = num_input_fields;
267   impl->num_outputs = num_output_fields;
268 
269   // Set up infield and outfield e-vecs and q-vecs
270   CeedCallBackend(
271       CeedOperatorSetupFields_Hip(qf, op, true, false, impl->skip_rstr_in, NULL, impl->e_vecs_in, impl->q_vecs_in, num_input_fields, Q, num_elem));
272   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorSetupFields_Hip(qf, op, false, false, impl->skip_rstr_out, impl->apply_add_basis_out, impl->e_vecs_out,
273                                               impl->q_vecs_out, num_output_fields, Q, num_elem));
274 
275   // Reorder fields to allow reuse of buffers
276   impl->max_active_e_vec_len = 0;
277   {
278     bool    is_ordered[CEED_FIELD_MAX];
279     CeedInt curr_index = 0;
280 
281     for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_input_fields; i++) is_ordered[i] = false;
282     for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_input_fields; i++) {
283       CeedSize            e_vec_len_i;
284       CeedVector          vec_i;
285       CeedElemRestriction rstr_i;
286 
287       if (is_ordered[i]) continue;
288       is_ordered[i]                       = true;
289       impl->input_field_order[curr_index] = i;
290       curr_index++;
291       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_input_fields[i], &vec_i));
292       if (vec_i == CEED_VECTOR_NONE) continue;  // CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT
293       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(op_input_fields[i], &rstr_i));
294       CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetEVectorSize(rstr_i, &e_vec_len_i));
295       impl->max_active_e_vec_len = e_vec_len_i > impl->max_active_e_vec_len ? e_vec_len_i : impl->max_active_e_vec_len;
296       for (CeedInt j = i + 1; j < num_input_fields; j++) {
297         CeedVector          vec_j;
298         CeedElemRestriction rstr_j;
299 
300         CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_input_fields[j], &vec_j));
301         CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(op_input_fields[j], &rstr_j));
302         if (rstr_i == rstr_j && vec_i == vec_j) {
303           is_ordered[j]                       = true;
304           impl->input_field_order[curr_index] = j;
305           curr_index++;
306         }
307       }
308     }
309   }
310   {
311     bool    is_ordered[CEED_FIELD_MAX];
312     CeedInt curr_index = 0;
313 
314     for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_output_fields; i++) is_ordered[i] = false;
315     for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_output_fields; i++) {
316       CeedSize            e_vec_len_i;
317       CeedVector          vec_i;
318       CeedElemRestriction rstr_i;
319 
320       if (is_ordered[i]) continue;
321       is_ordered[i]                        = true;
322       impl->output_field_order[curr_index] = i;
323       curr_index++;
324       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_output_fields[i], &vec_i));
325       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(op_output_fields[i], &rstr_i));
326       CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetEVectorSize(rstr_i, &e_vec_len_i));
327       impl->max_active_e_vec_len = e_vec_len_i > impl->max_active_e_vec_len ? e_vec_len_i : impl->max_active_e_vec_len;
328       for (CeedInt j = i + 1; j < num_output_fields; j++) {
329         CeedVector          vec_j;
330         CeedElemRestriction rstr_j;
331 
332         CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_output_fields[j], &vec_j));
333         CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(op_output_fields[j], &rstr_j));
334         if (rstr_i == rstr_j && vec_i == vec_j) {
335           is_ordered[j]                        = true;
336           impl->output_field_order[curr_index] = j;
337           curr_index++;
338         }
339       }
340     }
341   }
342   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorSetSetupDone(op));
343   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
344 }
345 
346 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
347 // Restrict Operator Inputs
348 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
349 static inline int CeedOperatorInputRestrict_Hip(CeedOperatorField op_input_field, CeedQFunctionField qf_input_field, CeedInt input_field,
350                                                 CeedVector in_vec, const bool skip_active, CeedScalar **e_data, CeedOperator_Hip *impl,
351                                                 CeedRequest *request) {
352   CeedEvalMode eval_mode;
353   CeedVector   l_vec, e_vec = impl->e_vecs_in[input_field];
354 
355   // Get input vector
356   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_input_field, &l_vec));
357   if (l_vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) {
358     if (skip_active) return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
359     else l_vec = in_vec;
360   }
361 
362   // Restriction action
363   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_input_field, &eval_mode));
364   if (eval_mode == CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT) {  // Skip
365   } else {
366     if (!e_vec) {
367       // No restriction for this field; read data directly from vec.
368       CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetArrayRead(l_vec, CEED_MEM_DEVICE, (const CeedScalar **)e_data));
369     } else {
370       // Restrict, if necessary
371       if (!impl->skip_rstr_in[input_field]) {
372         uint64_t state;
373 
374         CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetState(l_vec, &state));
375         if (state != impl->input_states[input_field] || l_vec == in_vec) {
376           CeedElemRestriction elem_rstr;
377 
378           CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(op_input_field, &elem_rstr));
379           CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionApply(elem_rstr, CEED_NOTRANSPOSE, l_vec, e_vec, request));
380         }
381         impl->input_states[input_field] = state;
382       }
383       // Get e-vec
384       CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetArrayRead(e_vec, CEED_MEM_DEVICE, (const CeedScalar **)e_data));
385     }
386   }
387   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
388 }
389 
390 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
391 // Input Basis Action
392 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
393 static inline int CeedOperatorInputBasis_Hip(CeedOperatorField op_input_field, CeedQFunctionField qf_input_field, CeedInt input_field,
394                                              CeedInt num_elem, const bool skip_active, CeedScalar *e_data, CeedOperator_Hip *impl) {
395   CeedEvalMode eval_mode;
396   CeedVector   e_vec = impl->e_vecs_in[input_field], q_vec = impl->q_vecs_in[input_field];
397 
398   // Skip active input
399   if (skip_active) {
400     CeedVector l_vec;
401 
402     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_input_field, &l_vec));
403     if (l_vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
404   }
405 
406   // Basis action
407   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_input_field, &eval_mode));
408   switch (eval_mode) {
409     case CEED_EVAL_NONE:
410       CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorSetArray(q_vec, CEED_MEM_DEVICE, CEED_USE_POINTER, e_data));
411       break;
412     case CEED_EVAL_INTERP:
413     case CEED_EVAL_GRAD:
414     case CEED_EVAL_DIV:
415     case CEED_EVAL_CURL: {
416       CeedBasis basis;
417 
418       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(op_input_field, &basis));
419       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisApply(basis, num_elem, CEED_NOTRANSPOSE, eval_mode, e_vec, q_vec));
420       break;
421     }
422     case CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT:
423       break;  // No action
424   }
425   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
426 }
427 
428 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
429 // Restore Input Vectors
430 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
431 static inline int CeedOperatorInputRestore_Hip(CeedOperatorField op_input_field, CeedQFunctionField qf_input_field, CeedInt input_field,
432                                                const bool skip_active, CeedScalar **e_data, CeedOperator_Hip *impl) {
433   CeedEvalMode eval_mode;
434   CeedVector   l_vec, e_vec = impl->e_vecs_in[input_field];
435 
436   // Skip active input
437   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_input_field, &l_vec));
438   if (skip_active && l_vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
439 
440   // Restore e-vec
441   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_input_field, &eval_mode));
442   if (eval_mode == CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT) {  // Skip
443   } else {
444     if (!e_vec) {  // This was a skip_restriction case
445       CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorRestoreArrayRead(l_vec, (const CeedScalar **)e_data));
446     } else {
447       CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorRestoreArrayRead(e_vec, (const CeedScalar **)e_data));
448     }
449   }
450   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
451 }
452 
453 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
454 // Apply and add to output
455 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
456 static int CeedOperatorApplyAdd_Hip(CeedOperator op, CeedVector in_vec, CeedVector out_vec, CeedRequest *request) {
457   CeedInt             Q, num_elem, num_input_fields, num_output_fields;
458   CeedScalar         *e_data_in[CEED_FIELD_MAX] = {NULL}, *e_data_out[CEED_FIELD_MAX] = {NULL};
459   CeedQFunctionField *qf_input_fields, *qf_output_fields;
460   CeedQFunction       qf;
461   CeedOperatorField  *op_input_fields, *op_output_fields;
462   CeedOperator_Hip   *impl;
463 
464   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetData(op, &impl));
465   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetQFunction(op, &qf));
466   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetNumQuadraturePoints(op, &Q));
467   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetNumElements(op, &num_elem));
468   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetFields(op, &num_input_fields, &op_input_fields, &num_output_fields, &op_output_fields));
469   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionGetFields(qf, NULL, &qf_input_fields, NULL, &qf_output_fields));
470 
471   // Setup
472   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorSetup_Hip(op));
473 
474   // Process inputs
475   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_input_fields; i++) {
476     CeedInt field = impl->input_field_order[i];
477 
478     CeedCallBackend(
479         CeedOperatorInputRestrict_Hip(op_input_fields[field], qf_input_fields[field], field, in_vec, false, &e_data_in[field], impl, request));
480     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorInputBasis_Hip(op_input_fields[field], qf_input_fields[field], field, num_elem, false, e_data_in[field], impl));
481   }
482 
483   // Output pointers, as necessary
484   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_output_fields; i++) {
485     CeedEvalMode eval_mode;
486 
487     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_output_fields[i], &eval_mode));
488     if (eval_mode == CEED_EVAL_NONE) {
489       // Set the output Q-Vector to use the E-Vector data directly.
490       CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetArrayWrite(impl->e_vecs_out[i], CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &e_data_out[i]));
491       CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorSetArray(impl->q_vecs_out[i], CEED_MEM_DEVICE, CEED_USE_POINTER, e_data_out[i]));
492     }
493   }
494 
495   // Q function
496   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionApply(qf, num_elem * Q, impl->q_vecs_in, impl->q_vecs_out));
497 
498   // Restore input arrays
499   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_input_fields; i++) {
500     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorInputRestore_Hip(op_input_fields[i], qf_input_fields[i], i, false, &e_data_in[i], impl));
501   }
502 
503   // Output basis apply if needed
504   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_output_fields; i++) {
505     CeedInt             field = impl->output_field_order[i];
506     CeedEvalMode        eval_mode;
507     CeedVector          l_vec, e_vec = impl->e_vecs_out[field], q_vec = impl->q_vecs_out[field];
508     CeedElemRestriction elem_rstr;
509     CeedBasis           basis;
510 
511     // Output vector
512     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_output_fields[field], &l_vec));
513     if (l_vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) l_vec = out_vec;
514 
515     // Basis action
516     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_output_fields[field], &eval_mode));
517     switch (eval_mode) {
518       case CEED_EVAL_NONE:
519         break;  // No action
520       case CEED_EVAL_INTERP:
521       case CEED_EVAL_GRAD:
522       case CEED_EVAL_DIV:
523       case CEED_EVAL_CURL:
524         CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(op_output_fields[field], &basis));
525         if (impl->apply_add_basis_out[field]) {
526           CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisApplyAdd(basis, num_elem, CEED_TRANSPOSE, eval_mode, q_vec, e_vec));
527         } else {
528           CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisApply(basis, num_elem, CEED_TRANSPOSE, eval_mode, q_vec, e_vec));
529         }
530         break;
531       // LCOV_EXCL_START
532       case CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT: {
533         return CeedError(CeedOperatorReturnCeed(op), CEED_ERROR_BACKEND, "CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT cannot be an output evaluation mode");
534         // LCOV_EXCL_STOP
535       }
536     }
537 
538     // Restore evec
539     if (eval_mode == CEED_EVAL_NONE) {
540       CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorRestoreArray(e_vec, &e_data_out[field]));
541     }
542 
543     // Restrict
544     if (impl->skip_rstr_out[field]) continue;
545     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(op_output_fields[field], &elem_rstr));
546     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionApply(elem_rstr, CEED_TRANSPOSE, e_vec, l_vec, request));
547   }
548   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
549 }
550 
551 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
552 // CeedOperator needs to connect all the named fields (be they active or passive) to the named inputs and outputs of its CeedQFunction.
553 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
554 static int CeedOperatorSetupAtPoints_Hip(CeedOperator op) {
555   Ceed                ceed;
556   bool                is_setup_done;
557   CeedInt             max_num_points = -1, num_elem, num_input_fields, num_output_fields;
558   CeedQFunctionField *qf_input_fields, *qf_output_fields;
559   CeedQFunction       qf;
560   CeedOperatorField  *op_input_fields, *op_output_fields;
561   CeedOperator_Hip   *impl;
562 
563   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorIsSetupDone(op, &is_setup_done));
564   if (is_setup_done) return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
565 
566   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetCeed(op, &ceed));
567   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetData(op, &impl));
568   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetQFunction(op, &qf));
569   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetNumElements(op, &num_elem));
570   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetFields(op, &num_input_fields, &op_input_fields, &num_output_fields, &op_output_fields));
571   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionGetFields(qf, NULL, &qf_input_fields, NULL, &qf_output_fields));
572   {
573     CeedElemRestriction rstr_points = NULL;
574 
575     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorAtPointsGetPoints(op, &rstr_points, NULL));
576     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetMaxPointsInElement(rstr_points, &max_num_points));
577     CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(num_elem, &impl->num_points));
578     for (CeedInt e = 0; e < num_elem; e++) {
579       CeedInt num_points_elem;
580 
581       CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetNumPointsInElement(rstr_points, e, &num_points_elem));
582       impl->num_points[e] = num_points_elem;
583     }
584   }
585   impl->max_num_points = max_num_points;
586 
587   // Allocate
588   CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(num_input_fields, &impl->e_vecs_in));
589   CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(num_output_fields, &impl->e_vecs_out));
590   CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(num_input_fields, &impl->skip_rstr_in));
591   CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(num_output_fields, &impl->skip_rstr_out));
592   CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(num_output_fields, &impl->apply_add_basis_out));
593   CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(num_input_fields, &impl->input_field_order));
594   CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(num_output_fields, &impl->output_field_order));
595   CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(num_input_fields, &impl->input_states));
596   CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(num_input_fields, &impl->q_vecs_in));
597   CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(num_output_fields, &impl->q_vecs_out));
598   impl->num_inputs  = num_input_fields;
599   impl->num_outputs = num_output_fields;
600 
601   // Set up infield and outfield e-vecs and q-vecs
602   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorSetupFields_Hip(qf, op, true, true, impl->skip_rstr_in, NULL, impl->e_vecs_in, impl->q_vecs_in, num_input_fields,
603                                               max_num_points, num_elem));
604   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorSetupFields_Hip(qf, op, false, true, impl->skip_rstr_out, impl->apply_add_basis_out, impl->e_vecs_out, impl->q_vecs_out,
605                                               num_output_fields, max_num_points, num_elem));
606 
607   // Reorder fields to allow reuse of buffers
608   {
609     bool    is_ordered[CEED_FIELD_MAX];
610     CeedInt curr_index = 0;
611 
612     for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_input_fields; i++) is_ordered[i] = false;
613     for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_input_fields; i++) {
614       CeedVector          vec_i;
615       CeedElemRestriction rstr_i;
616 
617       if (is_ordered[i]) continue;
618       is_ordered[i]                       = true;
619       impl->input_field_order[curr_index] = i;
620       curr_index++;
621       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_input_fields[i], &vec_i));
622       if (vec_i == CEED_VECTOR_NONE) continue;  // CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT
623       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(op_input_fields[i], &rstr_i));
624       for (CeedInt j = i + 1; j < num_input_fields; j++) {
625         CeedVector          vec_j;
626         CeedElemRestriction rstr_j;
627 
628         CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_input_fields[j], &vec_j));
629         CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(op_input_fields[j], &rstr_j));
630         if (rstr_i == rstr_j && vec_i == vec_j) {
631           is_ordered[j]                       = true;
632           impl->input_field_order[curr_index] = j;
633           curr_index++;
634         }
635       }
636     }
637   }
638   {
639     bool    is_ordered[CEED_FIELD_MAX];
640     CeedInt curr_index = 0;
641 
642     for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_output_fields; i++) is_ordered[i] = false;
643     for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_output_fields; i++) {
644       CeedVector          vec_i;
645       CeedElemRestriction rstr_i;
646 
647       if (is_ordered[i]) continue;
648       is_ordered[i]                        = true;
649       impl->output_field_order[curr_index] = i;
650       curr_index++;
651       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_output_fields[i], &vec_i));
652       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(op_output_fields[i], &rstr_i));
653       for (CeedInt j = i + 1; j < num_output_fields; j++) {
654         CeedVector          vec_j;
655         CeedElemRestriction rstr_j;
656 
657         CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_output_fields[j], &vec_j));
658         CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(op_output_fields[j], &rstr_j));
659         if (rstr_i == rstr_j && vec_i == vec_j) {
660           is_ordered[j]                        = true;
661           impl->output_field_order[curr_index] = j;
662           curr_index++;
663         }
664       }
665     }
666   }
667   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorSetSetupDone(op));
668   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
669 }
670 
671 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
672 // Input Basis Action AtPoints
673 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
674 static inline int CeedOperatorInputBasisAtPoints_Hip(CeedOperatorField op_input_field, CeedQFunctionField qf_input_field, CeedInt input_field,
675                                                      CeedInt num_elem, const CeedInt *num_points, const bool skip_active, CeedScalar *e_data,
676                                                      CeedOperator_Hip *impl) {
677   CeedEvalMode eval_mode;
678   CeedVector   e_vec = impl->e_vecs_in[input_field], q_vec = impl->q_vecs_in[input_field];
679 
680   // Skip active input
681   if (skip_active) {
682     CeedVector l_vec;
683 
684     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_input_field, &l_vec));
685     if (l_vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
686   }
687 
688   // Basis action
689   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_input_field, &eval_mode));
690   switch (eval_mode) {
691     case CEED_EVAL_NONE:
692       CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorSetArray(q_vec, CEED_MEM_DEVICE, CEED_USE_POINTER, e_data));
693       break;
694     case CEED_EVAL_INTERP:
695     case CEED_EVAL_GRAD:
696     case CEED_EVAL_DIV:
697     case CEED_EVAL_CURL: {
698       CeedBasis basis;
699 
700       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(op_input_field, &basis));
701       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisApplyAtPoints(basis, num_elem, num_points, CEED_NOTRANSPOSE, eval_mode, impl->point_coords_elem, e_vec, q_vec));
702       break;
703     }
704     case CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT:
705       break;  // No action
706   }
707   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
708 }
709 
710 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
711 // Apply and add to output AtPoints
712 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
713 static int CeedOperatorApplyAddAtPoints_Hip(CeedOperator op, CeedVector in_vec, CeedVector out_vec, CeedRequest *request) {
714   CeedInt             max_num_points, *num_points, num_elem, num_input_fields, num_output_fields;
715   CeedScalar         *e_data_in[CEED_FIELD_MAX] = {NULL}, *e_data_out[CEED_FIELD_MAX] = {NULL};
716   CeedQFunctionField *qf_input_fields, *qf_output_fields;
717   CeedQFunction       qf;
718   CeedOperatorField  *op_input_fields, *op_output_fields;
719   CeedOperator_Hip   *impl;
720 
721   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetData(op, &impl));
722   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetQFunction(op, &qf));
723   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetNumElements(op, &num_elem));
724   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetFields(op, &num_input_fields, &op_input_fields, &num_output_fields, &op_output_fields));
725   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionGetFields(qf, NULL, &qf_input_fields, NULL, &qf_output_fields));
726 
727   // Setup
728   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorSetupAtPoints_Hip(op));
729   num_points     = impl->num_points;
730   max_num_points = impl->max_num_points;
731 
732   // Get point coordinates
733   if (!impl->point_coords_elem) {
734     CeedVector          point_coords = NULL;
735     CeedElemRestriction rstr_points  = NULL;
736 
737     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorAtPointsGetPoints(op, &rstr_points, &point_coords));
738     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionCreateVector(rstr_points, NULL, &impl->point_coords_elem));
739     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionApply(rstr_points, CEED_NOTRANSPOSE, point_coords, impl->point_coords_elem, request));
740   }
741 
742   // Process inputs
743   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_input_fields; i++) {
744     CeedInt field = impl->input_field_order[i];
745 
746     CeedCallBackend(
747         CeedOperatorInputRestrict_Hip(op_input_fields[field], qf_input_fields[field], field, in_vec, false, &e_data_in[field], impl, request));
748     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorInputBasisAtPoints_Hip(op_input_fields[field], qf_input_fields[field], field, num_elem, num_points, false,
749                                                        e_data_in[field], impl));
750   }
751 
752   // Output pointers, as necessary
753   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_output_fields; i++) {
754     CeedEvalMode eval_mode;
755 
756     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_output_fields[i], &eval_mode));
757     if (eval_mode == CEED_EVAL_NONE) {
758       // Set the output Q-Vector to use the E-Vector data directly.
759       CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetArrayWrite(impl->e_vecs_out[i], CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &e_data_out[i]));
760       CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorSetArray(impl->q_vecs_out[i], CEED_MEM_DEVICE, CEED_USE_POINTER, e_data_out[i]));
761     }
762   }
763 
764   // Q function
765   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionApply(qf, num_elem * max_num_points, impl->q_vecs_in, impl->q_vecs_out));
766 
767   // Restore input arrays
768   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_input_fields; i++) {
769     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorInputRestore_Hip(op_input_fields[i], qf_input_fields[i], i, false, &e_data_in[i], impl));
770   }
771 
772   // Output basis apply if needed
773   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_output_fields; i++) {
774     CeedInt             field = impl->output_field_order[i];
775     CeedEvalMode        eval_mode;
776     CeedVector          l_vec, e_vec = impl->e_vecs_out[field], q_vec = impl->q_vecs_out[field];
777     CeedElemRestriction elem_rstr;
778     CeedBasis           basis;
779 
780     // Output vector
781     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_output_fields[field], &l_vec));
782     if (l_vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) l_vec = out_vec;
783 
784     // Basis action
785     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_output_fields[field], &eval_mode));
786     switch (eval_mode) {
787       case CEED_EVAL_NONE:
788         break;  // No action
789       case CEED_EVAL_INTERP:
790       case CEED_EVAL_GRAD:
791       case CEED_EVAL_DIV:
792       case CEED_EVAL_CURL:
793         CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(op_output_fields[field], &basis));
794         if (impl->apply_add_basis_out[field]) {
795           CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisApplyAddAtPoints(basis, num_elem, num_points, CEED_TRANSPOSE, eval_mode, impl->point_coords_elem, q_vec, e_vec));
796         } else {
797           CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisApplyAtPoints(basis, num_elem, num_points, CEED_TRANSPOSE, eval_mode, impl->point_coords_elem, q_vec, e_vec));
798         }
799         break;
800       // LCOV_EXCL_START
801       case CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT: {
802         return CeedError(CeedOperatorReturnCeed(op), CEED_ERROR_BACKEND, "CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT cannot be an output evaluation mode");
803         // LCOV_EXCL_STOP
804       }
805     }
806 
807     // Restore evec
808     if (eval_mode == CEED_EVAL_NONE) {
809       CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorRestoreArray(e_vec, &e_data_out[field]));
810     }
811 
812     // Restrict
813     if (impl->skip_rstr_out[field]) continue;
814     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(op_output_fields[field], &elem_rstr));
815     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionApply(elem_rstr, CEED_TRANSPOSE, e_vec, l_vec, request));
816   }
817   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
818 }
819 
820 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
821 // Linear QFunction Assembly Core
822 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
823 static inline int CeedOperatorLinearAssembleQFunctionCore_Hip(CeedOperator op, bool build_objects, CeedVector *assembled, CeedElemRestriction *rstr,
824                                                               CeedRequest *request) {
825   Ceed                ceed, ceed_parent;
826   CeedInt             num_active_in, num_active_out, Q, num_elem, num_input_fields, num_output_fields, size;
827   CeedScalar         *assembled_array, *e_data[2 * CEED_FIELD_MAX] = {NULL};
828   CeedVector         *active_inputs;
829   CeedQFunctionField *qf_input_fields, *qf_output_fields;
830   CeedQFunction       qf;
831   CeedOperatorField  *op_input_fields, *op_output_fields;
832   CeedOperator_Hip   *impl;
833 
834   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetCeed(op, &ceed));
835   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetFallbackParentCeed(op, &ceed_parent));
836   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetData(op, &impl));
837   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetNumQuadraturePoints(op, &Q));
838   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetNumElements(op, &num_elem));
839   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetQFunction(op, &qf));
840   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionGetFields(qf, NULL, &qf_input_fields, NULL, &qf_output_fields));
841   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetFields(op, &num_input_fields, &op_input_fields, &num_output_fields, &op_output_fields));
842   active_inputs = impl->qf_active_in;
843   num_active_in = impl->num_active_in, num_active_out = impl->num_active_out;
844 
845   // Setup
846   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorSetup_Hip(op));
847 
848   // Process inputs
849   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_input_fields; i++) {
850     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorInputRestrict_Hip(op_input_fields[i], qf_input_fields[i], i, NULL, true, &e_data[i], impl, request));
851     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorInputBasis_Hip(op_input_fields[i], qf_input_fields[i], i, num_elem, true, e_data[i], impl));
852   }
853 
854   // Count number of active input fields
855   if (!num_active_in) {
856     for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_input_fields; i++) {
857       CeedScalar *q_vec_array;
858       CeedVector  l_vec;
859 
860       // Check if active input
861       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_input_fields[i], &l_vec));
862       if (l_vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) {
863         CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetSize(qf_input_fields[i], &size));
864         CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorSetValue(impl->q_vecs_in[i], 0.0));
865         CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetArray(impl->q_vecs_in[i], CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &q_vec_array));
866         CeedCallBackend(CeedRealloc(num_active_in + size, &active_inputs));
867         for (CeedInt field = 0; field < size; field++) {
868           CeedSize q_size = (CeedSize)Q * num_elem;
869 
870           CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorCreate(ceed, q_size, &active_inputs[num_active_in + field]));
871           CeedCallBackend(
872               CeedVectorSetArray(active_inputs[num_active_in + field], CEED_MEM_DEVICE, CEED_USE_POINTER, &q_vec_array[field * Q * num_elem]));
873         }
874         num_active_in += size;
875         CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorRestoreArray(impl->q_vecs_in[i], &q_vec_array));
876       }
877     }
878     impl->num_active_in = num_active_in;
879     impl->qf_active_in  = active_inputs;
880   }
881 
882   // Count number of active output fields
883   if (!num_active_out) {
884     for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_output_fields; i++) {
885       CeedVector l_vec;
886 
887       // Check if active output
888       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_output_fields[i], &l_vec));
889       if (l_vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) {
890         CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetSize(qf_output_fields[i], &size));
891         num_active_out += size;
892       }
893     }
894     impl->num_active_out = num_active_out;
895   }
896 
897   // Check sizes
898   CeedCheck(num_active_in > 0 && num_active_out > 0, ceed, CEED_ERROR_BACKEND, "Cannot assemble QFunction without active inputs and outputs");
899 
900   // Build objects if needed
901   if (build_objects) {
902     CeedSize l_size     = (CeedSize)num_elem * Q * num_active_in * num_active_out;
903     CeedInt  strides[3] = {1, num_elem * Q, Q}; /* *NOPAD* */
904 
905     // Create output restriction
906     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionCreateStrided(ceed_parent, num_elem, Q, num_active_in * num_active_out,
907                                                      (CeedSize)num_active_in * (CeedSize)num_active_out * (CeedSize)num_elem * (CeedSize)Q, strides,
908                                                      rstr));
909     // Create assembled vector
910     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorCreate(ceed_parent, l_size, assembled));
911   }
912   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorSetValue(*assembled, 0.0));
913   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetArray(*assembled, CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &assembled_array));
914 
915   // Assemble QFunction
916   for (CeedInt in = 0; in < num_active_in; in++) {
917     // Set Inputs
918     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorSetValue(active_inputs[in], 1.0));
919     if (num_active_in > 1) {
920       CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorSetValue(active_inputs[(in + num_active_in - 1) % num_active_in], 0.0));
921     }
922     // Set Outputs
923     for (CeedInt out = 0; out < num_output_fields; out++) {
924       CeedVector l_vec;
925 
926       // Get output vector
927       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_output_fields[out], &l_vec));
928       // Check if active output
929       if (l_vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) {
930         CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorSetArray(impl->q_vecs_out[out], CEED_MEM_DEVICE, CEED_USE_POINTER, assembled_array));
931         CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetSize(qf_output_fields[out], &size));
932         assembled_array += size * Q * num_elem;  // Advance the pointer by the size of the output
933       }
934     }
935     // Apply QFunction
936     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionApply(qf, Q * num_elem, impl->q_vecs_in, impl->q_vecs_out));
937   }
938 
939   // Un-set output q-vecs to prevent accidental overwrite of Assembled
940   for (CeedInt out = 0; out < num_output_fields; out++) {
941     CeedVector l_vec;
942 
943     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_output_fields[out], &l_vec));
944     if (l_vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) {
945       CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorTakeArray(impl->q_vecs_out[out], CEED_MEM_DEVICE, NULL));
946     }
947   }
948 
949   // Restore input arrays
950   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_input_fields; i++) {
951     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorInputRestore_Hip(op_input_fields[i], qf_input_fields[i], i, true, &e_data[i], impl));
952   }
953 
954   // Restore output
955   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorRestoreArray(*assembled, &assembled_array));
956   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
957 }
958 
959 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
960 // Assemble Linear QFunction
961 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
962 static int CeedOperatorLinearAssembleQFunction_Hip(CeedOperator op, CeedVector *assembled, CeedElemRestriction *rstr, CeedRequest *request) {
963   return CeedOperatorLinearAssembleQFunctionCore_Hip(op, true, assembled, rstr, request);
964 }
965 
966 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
967 // Update Assembled Linear QFunction
968 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
969 static int CeedOperatorLinearAssembleQFunctionUpdate_Hip(CeedOperator op, CeedVector assembled, CeedElemRestriction rstr, CeedRequest *request) {
970   return CeedOperatorLinearAssembleQFunctionCore_Hip(op, false, &assembled, &rstr, request);
971 }
972 
973 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
974 // Assemble Diagonal Setup
975 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
976 static inline int CeedOperatorAssembleDiagonalSetup_Hip(CeedOperator op) {
977   Ceed                ceed;
978   CeedInt             num_input_fields, num_output_fields, num_eval_modes_in = 0, num_eval_modes_out = 0;
979   CeedInt             q_comp, num_nodes, num_qpts;
980   CeedEvalMode       *eval_modes_in = NULL, *eval_modes_out = NULL;
981   CeedBasis           basis_in = NULL, basis_out = NULL;
982   CeedQFunctionField *qf_fields;
983   CeedQFunction       qf;
984   CeedOperatorField  *op_fields;
985   CeedOperator_Hip   *impl;
986 
987   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetCeed(op, &ceed));
988   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetQFunction(op, &qf));
989   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionGetNumArgs(qf, &num_input_fields, &num_output_fields));
990 
991   // Determine active input basis
992   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetFields(op, NULL, &op_fields, NULL, NULL));
993   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionGetFields(qf, NULL, &qf_fields, NULL, NULL));
994   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_input_fields; i++) {
995     CeedVector vec;
996 
997     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_fields[i], &vec));
998     if (vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) {
999       CeedBasis    basis;
1000       CeedEvalMode eval_mode;
1001 
1002       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(op_fields[i], &basis));
1003       CeedCheck(!basis_in || basis_in == basis, ceed, CEED_ERROR_BACKEND,
1004                 "Backend does not implement operator diagonal assembly with multiple active bases");
1005       basis_in = basis;
1006       CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_fields[i], &eval_mode));
1007       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadratureComponents(basis_in, eval_mode, &q_comp));
1008       if (eval_mode != CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT) {
1009         // q_comp = 1 if CEED_EVAL_NONE, CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT caught by QF assembly
1010         CeedCallBackend(CeedRealloc(num_eval_modes_in + q_comp, &eval_modes_in));
1011         for (CeedInt d = 0; d < q_comp; d++) eval_modes_in[num_eval_modes_in + d] = eval_mode;
1012         num_eval_modes_in += q_comp;
1013       }
1014     }
1015   }
1016 
1017   // Determine active output basis
1018   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetFields(op, NULL, NULL, NULL, &op_fields));
1019   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionGetFields(qf, NULL, NULL, NULL, &qf_fields));
1020   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_output_fields; i++) {
1021     CeedVector vec;
1022 
1023     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_fields[i], &vec));
1024     if (vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) {
1025       CeedBasis    basis;
1026       CeedEvalMode eval_mode;
1027 
1028       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(op_fields[i], &basis));
1029       CeedCheck(!basis_out || basis_out == basis, ceed, CEED_ERROR_BACKEND,
1030                 "Backend does not implement operator diagonal assembly with multiple active bases");
1031       basis_out = basis;
1032       CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_fields[i], &eval_mode));
1033       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadratureComponents(basis_out, eval_mode, &q_comp));
1034       if (eval_mode != CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT) {
1035         // q_comp = 1 if CEED_EVAL_NONE, CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT caught by QF assembly
1036         CeedCallBackend(CeedRealloc(num_eval_modes_out + q_comp, &eval_modes_out));
1037         for (CeedInt d = 0; d < q_comp; d++) eval_modes_out[num_eval_modes_out + d] = eval_mode;
1038         num_eval_modes_out += q_comp;
1039       }
1040     }
1041   }
1042 
1043   // Operator data struct
1044   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetData(op, &impl));
1045   CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(1, &impl->diag));
1046   CeedOperatorDiag_Hip *diag = impl->diag;
1047 
1048   // Basis matrices
1049   CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumNodes(basis_in, &num_nodes));
1050   if (basis_in == CEED_BASIS_NONE) num_qpts = num_nodes;
1051   else CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadraturePoints(basis_in, &num_qpts));
1052   const CeedInt interp_bytes     = num_nodes * num_qpts * sizeof(CeedScalar);
1053   const CeedInt eval_modes_bytes = sizeof(CeedEvalMode);
1054   bool          has_eval_none    = false;
1055 
1056   // CEED_EVAL_NONE
1057   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_eval_modes_in; i++) has_eval_none = has_eval_none || (eval_modes_in[i] == CEED_EVAL_NONE);
1058   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_eval_modes_out; i++) has_eval_none = has_eval_none || (eval_modes_out[i] == CEED_EVAL_NONE);
1059   if (has_eval_none) {
1060     CeedScalar *identity = NULL;
1061 
1062     CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(num_nodes * num_qpts, &identity));
1063     for (CeedInt i = 0; i < (num_nodes < num_qpts ? num_nodes : num_qpts); i++) identity[i * num_nodes + i] = 1.0;
1064     CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMalloc((void **)&diag->d_identity, interp_bytes));
1065     CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMemcpy(diag->d_identity, identity, interp_bytes, hipMemcpyHostToDevice));
1066     CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&identity));
1067   }
1068 
1069   // CEED_EVAL_INTERP, CEED_EVAL_GRAD, CEED_EVAL_DIV, and CEED_EVAL_CURL
1070   for (CeedInt in = 0; in < 2; in++) {
1071     CeedFESpace fespace;
1072     CeedBasis   basis = in ? basis_in : basis_out;
1073 
1074     CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetFESpace(basis, &fespace));
1075     switch (fespace) {
1076       case CEED_FE_SPACE_H1: {
1077         CeedInt           q_comp_interp, q_comp_grad;
1078         const CeedScalar *interp, *grad;
1079         CeedScalar       *d_interp, *d_grad;
1080 
1081         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadratureComponents(basis, CEED_EVAL_INTERP, &q_comp_interp));
1082         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadratureComponents(basis, CEED_EVAL_GRAD, &q_comp_grad));
1083 
1084         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetInterp(basis, &interp));
1085         CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMalloc((void **)&d_interp, interp_bytes * q_comp_interp));
1086         CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMemcpy(d_interp, interp, interp_bytes * q_comp_interp, hipMemcpyHostToDevice));
1087         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetGrad(basis, &grad));
1088         CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMalloc((void **)&d_grad, interp_bytes * q_comp_grad));
1089         CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMemcpy(d_grad, grad, interp_bytes * q_comp_grad, hipMemcpyHostToDevice));
1090         if (in) {
1091           diag->d_interp_in = d_interp;
1092           diag->d_grad_in   = d_grad;
1093         } else {
1094           diag->d_interp_out = d_interp;
1095           diag->d_grad_out   = d_grad;
1096         }
1097       } break;
1098       case CEED_FE_SPACE_HDIV: {
1099         CeedInt           q_comp_interp, q_comp_div;
1100         const CeedScalar *interp, *div;
1101         CeedScalar       *d_interp, *d_div;
1102 
1103         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadratureComponents(basis, CEED_EVAL_INTERP, &q_comp_interp));
1104         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadratureComponents(basis, CEED_EVAL_DIV, &q_comp_div));
1105 
1106         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetInterp(basis, &interp));
1107         CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMalloc((void **)&d_interp, interp_bytes * q_comp_interp));
1108         CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMemcpy(d_interp, interp, interp_bytes * q_comp_interp, hipMemcpyHostToDevice));
1109         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetDiv(basis, &div));
1110         CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMalloc((void **)&d_div, interp_bytes * q_comp_div));
1111         CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMemcpy(d_div, div, interp_bytes * q_comp_div, hipMemcpyHostToDevice));
1112         if (in) {
1113           diag->d_interp_in = d_interp;
1114           diag->d_div_in    = d_div;
1115         } else {
1116           diag->d_interp_out = d_interp;
1117           diag->d_div_out    = d_div;
1118         }
1119       } break;
1120       case CEED_FE_SPACE_HCURL: {
1121         CeedInt           q_comp_interp, q_comp_curl;
1122         const CeedScalar *interp, *curl;
1123         CeedScalar       *d_interp, *d_curl;
1124 
1125         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadratureComponents(basis, CEED_EVAL_INTERP, &q_comp_interp));
1126         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadratureComponents(basis, CEED_EVAL_CURL, &q_comp_curl));
1127 
1128         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetInterp(basis, &interp));
1129         CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMalloc((void **)&d_interp, interp_bytes * q_comp_interp));
1130         CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMemcpy(d_interp, interp, interp_bytes * q_comp_interp, hipMemcpyHostToDevice));
1131         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetCurl(basis, &curl));
1132         CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMalloc((void **)&d_curl, interp_bytes * q_comp_curl));
1133         CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMemcpy(d_curl, curl, interp_bytes * q_comp_curl, hipMemcpyHostToDevice));
1134         if (in) {
1135           diag->d_interp_in = d_interp;
1136           diag->d_curl_in   = d_curl;
1137         } else {
1138           diag->d_interp_out = d_interp;
1139           diag->d_curl_out   = d_curl;
1140         }
1141       } break;
1142     }
1143   }
1144 
1145   // Arrays of eval_modes
1146   CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMalloc((void **)&diag->d_eval_modes_in, num_eval_modes_in * eval_modes_bytes));
1147   CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMemcpy(diag->d_eval_modes_in, eval_modes_in, num_eval_modes_in * eval_modes_bytes, hipMemcpyHostToDevice));
1148   CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMalloc((void **)&diag->d_eval_modes_out, num_eval_modes_out * eval_modes_bytes));
1149   CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMemcpy(diag->d_eval_modes_out, eval_modes_out, num_eval_modes_out * eval_modes_bytes, hipMemcpyHostToDevice));
1150   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&eval_modes_in));
1151   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&eval_modes_out));
1152   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
1153 }
1154 
1155 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1156 // Assemble Diagonal Setup (Compilation)
1157 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1158 static inline int CeedOperatorAssembleDiagonalSetupCompile_Hip(CeedOperator op, CeedInt use_ceedsize_idx, const bool is_point_block) {
1159   Ceed                ceed;
1160   char               *diagonal_kernel_source;
1161   const char         *diagonal_kernel_path;
1162   CeedInt             num_input_fields, num_output_fields, num_eval_modes_in = 0, num_eval_modes_out = 0;
1163   CeedInt             num_comp, q_comp, num_nodes, num_qpts;
1164   CeedBasis           basis_in = NULL, basis_out = NULL;
1165   CeedQFunctionField *qf_fields;
1166   CeedQFunction       qf;
1167   CeedOperatorField  *op_fields;
1168   CeedOperator_Hip   *impl;
1169 
1170   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetCeed(op, &ceed));
1171   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetQFunction(op, &qf));
1172   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionGetNumArgs(qf, &num_input_fields, &num_output_fields));
1173 
1174   // Determine active input basis
1175   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetFields(op, NULL, &op_fields, NULL, NULL));
1176   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionGetFields(qf, NULL, &qf_fields, NULL, NULL));
1177   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_input_fields; i++) {
1178     CeedVector vec;
1179 
1180     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_fields[i], &vec));
1181     if (vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) {
1182       CeedEvalMode eval_mode;
1183 
1184       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(op_fields[i], &basis_in));
1185       CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_fields[i], &eval_mode));
1186       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadratureComponents(basis_in, eval_mode, &q_comp));
1187       if (eval_mode != CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT) {
1188         num_eval_modes_in += q_comp;
1189       }
1190     }
1191   }
1192 
1193   // Determine active output basis
1194   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetFields(op, NULL, NULL, NULL, &op_fields));
1195   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionGetFields(qf, NULL, NULL, NULL, &qf_fields));
1196   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_output_fields; i++) {
1197     CeedVector vec;
1198 
1199     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_fields[i], &vec));
1200     if (vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) {
1201       CeedEvalMode eval_mode;
1202 
1203       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(op_fields[i], &basis_out));
1204       CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_fields[i], &eval_mode));
1205       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadratureComponents(basis_out, eval_mode, &q_comp));
1206       if (eval_mode != CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT) {
1207         num_eval_modes_out += q_comp;
1208       }
1209     }
1210   }
1211 
1212   // Operator data struct
1213   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetData(op, &impl));
1214   CeedOperatorDiag_Hip *diag = impl->diag;
1215 
1216   // Assemble kernel
1217   hipModule_t *module          = is_point_block ? &diag->module_point_block : &diag->module;
1218   CeedInt      elems_per_block = 1;
1219   CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumNodes(basis_in, &num_nodes));
1220   CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumComponents(basis_in, &num_comp));
1221   if (basis_in == CEED_BASIS_NONE) num_qpts = num_nodes;
1222   else CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadraturePoints(basis_in, &num_qpts));
1223   CeedCallBackend(CeedGetJitAbsolutePath(ceed, "ceed/jit-source/hip/hip-ref-operator-assemble-diagonal.h", &diagonal_kernel_path));
1224   CeedDebug256(ceed, CEED_DEBUG_COLOR_SUCCESS, "----- Loading Diagonal Assembly Kernel Source -----\n");
1225   CeedCallBackend(CeedLoadSourceToBuffer(ceed, diagonal_kernel_path, &diagonal_kernel_source));
1226   CeedDebug256(ceed, CEED_DEBUG_COLOR_SUCCESS, "----- Loading Diagonal Assembly Source Complete! -----\n");
1227   CeedCallHip(ceed, CeedCompile_Hip(ceed, diagonal_kernel_source, module, 8, "NUM_EVAL_MODES_IN", num_eval_modes_in, "NUM_EVAL_MODES_OUT",
1228                                     num_eval_modes_out, "NUM_COMP", num_comp, "NUM_NODES", num_nodes, "NUM_QPTS", num_qpts, "USE_CEEDSIZE",
1229                                     use_ceedsize_idx, "USE_POINT_BLOCK", is_point_block ? 1 : 0, "BLOCK_SIZE", num_nodes * elems_per_block));
1230   CeedCallHip(ceed, CeedGetKernel_Hip(ceed, *module, "LinearDiagonal", is_point_block ? &diag->LinearPointBlock : &diag->LinearDiagonal));
1231   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&diagonal_kernel_path));
1232   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&diagonal_kernel_source));
1233   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
1234 }
1235 
1236 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1237 // Assemble Diagonal Core
1238 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1239 static inline int CeedOperatorAssembleDiagonalCore_Hip(CeedOperator op, CeedVector assembled, CeedRequest *request, const bool is_point_block) {
1240   Ceed                ceed;
1241   CeedInt             num_elem, num_nodes;
1242   CeedScalar         *elem_diag_array;
1243   const CeedScalar   *assembled_qf_array;
1244   CeedVector          assembled_qf   = NULL, elem_diag;
1245   CeedElemRestriction assembled_rstr = NULL, rstr_in, rstr_out, diag_rstr;
1246   CeedOperator_Hip   *impl;
1247 
1248   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetCeed(op, &ceed));
1249   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetData(op, &impl));
1250 
1251   // Assemble QFunction
1252   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorLinearAssembleQFunctionBuildOrUpdate(op, &assembled_qf, &assembled_rstr, request));
1253   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&assembled_rstr));
1254   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetArrayRead(assembled_qf, CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &assembled_qf_array));
1255 
1256   // Setup
1257   if (!impl->diag) CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorAssembleDiagonalSetup_Hip(op));
1258   CeedOperatorDiag_Hip *diag = impl->diag;
1259 
1260   assert(diag != NULL);
1261 
1262   // Assemble kernel if needed
1263   if ((!is_point_block && !diag->LinearDiagonal) || (is_point_block && !diag->LinearPointBlock)) {
1264     CeedSize assembled_length, assembled_qf_length;
1265     CeedInt  use_ceedsize_idx = 0;
1266     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetLength(assembled, &assembled_length));
1267     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetLength(assembled_qf, &assembled_qf_length));
1268     if ((assembled_length > INT_MAX) || (assembled_qf_length > INT_MAX)) use_ceedsize_idx = 1;
1269 
1270     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorAssembleDiagonalSetupCompile_Hip(op, use_ceedsize_idx, is_point_block));
1271   }
1272 
1273   // Restriction and diagonal vector
1274   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetActiveElemRestrictions(op, &rstr_in, &rstr_out));
1275   CeedCheck(rstr_in == rstr_out, ceed, CEED_ERROR_BACKEND,
1276             "Cannot assemble operator diagonal with different input and output active element restrictions");
1277   if (!is_point_block && !diag->diag_rstr) {
1278     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionCreateUnsignedCopy(rstr_out, &diag->diag_rstr));
1279     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionCreateVector(diag->diag_rstr, NULL, &diag->elem_diag));
1280   } else if (is_point_block && !diag->point_block_diag_rstr) {
1281     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorCreateActivePointBlockRestriction(rstr_out, &diag->point_block_diag_rstr));
1282     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionCreateVector(diag->point_block_diag_rstr, NULL, &diag->point_block_elem_diag));
1283   }
1284   diag_rstr = is_point_block ? diag->point_block_diag_rstr : diag->diag_rstr;
1285   elem_diag = is_point_block ? diag->point_block_elem_diag : diag->elem_diag;
1286   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorSetValue(elem_diag, 0.0));
1287 
1288   // Only assemble diagonal if the basis has nodes, otherwise inputs are null pointers
1289   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetElementSize(diag_rstr, &num_nodes));
1290   if (num_nodes > 0) {
1291     // Assemble element operator diagonals
1292     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetNumElements(diag_rstr, &num_elem));
1293     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetArray(elem_diag, CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &elem_diag_array));
1294 
1295     // Compute the diagonal of B^T D B
1296     CeedInt elems_per_block = 1;
1297     CeedInt grid            = CeedDivUpInt(num_elem, elems_per_block);
1298     void   *args[]          = {(void *)&num_elem,      &diag->d_identity,       &diag->d_interp_in,  &diag->d_grad_in, &diag->d_div_in,
1299                                &diag->d_curl_in,       &diag->d_interp_out,     &diag->d_grad_out,   &diag->d_div_out, &diag->d_curl_out,
1300                                &diag->d_eval_modes_in, &diag->d_eval_modes_out, &assembled_qf_array, &elem_diag_array};
1301 
1302     if (is_point_block) {
1303       CeedCallBackend(CeedRunKernelDim_Hip(ceed, diag->LinearPointBlock, grid, num_nodes, 1, elems_per_block, args));
1304     } else {
1305       CeedCallBackend(CeedRunKernelDim_Hip(ceed, diag->LinearDiagonal, grid, num_nodes, 1, elems_per_block, args));
1306     }
1307 
1308     // Restore arrays
1309     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorRestoreArray(elem_diag, &elem_diag_array));
1310     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorRestoreArrayRead(assembled_qf, &assembled_qf_array));
1311   }
1312 
1313   // Assemble local operator diagonal
1314   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionApply(diag_rstr, CEED_TRANSPOSE, elem_diag, assembled, request));
1315 
1316   // Cleanup
1317   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&assembled_qf));
1318   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
1319 }
1320 
1321 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1322 // Assemble Linear Diagonal
1323 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1324 static int CeedOperatorLinearAssembleAddDiagonal_Hip(CeedOperator op, CeedVector assembled, CeedRequest *request) {
1325   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorAssembleDiagonalCore_Hip(op, assembled, request, false));
1326   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
1327 }
1328 
1329 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1330 // Assemble Linear Point Block Diagonal
1331 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1332 static int CeedOperatorLinearAssembleAddPointBlockDiagonal_Hip(CeedOperator op, CeedVector assembled, CeedRequest *request) {
1333   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorAssembleDiagonalCore_Hip(op, assembled, request, true));
1334   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
1335 }
1336 
1337 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1338 // Single Operator Assembly Setup
1339 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1340 static int CeedSingleOperatorAssembleSetup_Hip(CeedOperator op, CeedInt use_ceedsize_idx) {
1341   Ceed                ceed;
1342   Ceed_Hip           *hip_data;
1343   char               *assembly_kernel_source;
1344   const char         *assembly_kernel_path;
1345   CeedInt             num_input_fields, num_output_fields, num_eval_modes_in = 0, num_eval_modes_out = 0;
1346   CeedInt             elem_size_in, num_qpts_in = 0, num_comp_in, elem_size_out, num_qpts_out, num_comp_out, q_comp;
1347   CeedEvalMode       *eval_modes_in = NULL, *eval_modes_out = NULL;
1348   CeedElemRestriction rstr_in = NULL, rstr_out = NULL;
1349   CeedBasis           basis_in = NULL, basis_out = NULL;
1350   CeedQFunctionField *qf_fields;
1351   CeedQFunction       qf;
1352   CeedOperatorField  *input_fields, *output_fields;
1353   CeedOperator_Hip   *impl;
1354 
1355   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetCeed(op, &ceed));
1356   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetData(op, &impl));
1357 
1358   // Get intput and output fields
1359   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetFields(op, &num_input_fields, &input_fields, &num_output_fields, &output_fields));
1360 
1361   // Determine active input basis eval mode
1362   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetQFunction(op, &qf));
1363   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionGetFields(qf, NULL, &qf_fields, NULL, NULL));
1364   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_input_fields; i++) {
1365     CeedVector vec;
1366 
1367     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(input_fields[i], &vec));
1368     if (vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) {
1369       CeedBasis    basis;
1370       CeedEvalMode eval_mode;
1371 
1372       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(input_fields[i], &basis));
1373       CeedCheck(!basis_in || basis_in == basis, ceed, CEED_ERROR_BACKEND, "Backend does not implement operator assembly with multiple active bases");
1374       basis_in = basis;
1375       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(input_fields[i], &rstr_in));
1376       CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetElementSize(rstr_in, &elem_size_in));
1377       if (basis_in == CEED_BASIS_NONE) num_qpts_in = elem_size_in;
1378       else CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadraturePoints(basis_in, &num_qpts_in));
1379       CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_fields[i], &eval_mode));
1380       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadratureComponents(basis_in, eval_mode, &q_comp));
1381       if (eval_mode != CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT) {
1382         // q_comp = 1 if CEED_EVAL_NONE, CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT caught by QF Assembly
1383         CeedCallBackend(CeedRealloc(num_eval_modes_in + q_comp, &eval_modes_in));
1384         for (CeedInt d = 0; d < q_comp; d++) {
1385           eval_modes_in[num_eval_modes_in + d] = eval_mode;
1386         }
1387         num_eval_modes_in += q_comp;
1388       }
1389     }
1390   }
1391 
1392   // Determine active output basis; basis_out and rstr_out only used if same as input, TODO
1393   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionGetFields(qf, NULL, NULL, NULL, &qf_fields));
1394   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_output_fields; i++) {
1395     CeedVector vec;
1396 
1397     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(output_fields[i], &vec));
1398     if (vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) {
1399       CeedBasis    basis;
1400       CeedEvalMode eval_mode;
1401 
1402       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(output_fields[i], &basis));
1403       CeedCheck(!basis_out || basis_out == basis, ceed, CEED_ERROR_BACKEND,
1404                 "Backend does not implement operator assembly with multiple active bases");
1405       basis_out = basis;
1406       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(output_fields[i], &rstr_out));
1407       CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetElementSize(rstr_out, &elem_size_out));
1408       if (basis_out == CEED_BASIS_NONE) num_qpts_out = elem_size_out;
1409       else CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadraturePoints(basis_out, &num_qpts_out));
1410       CeedCheck(num_qpts_in == num_qpts_out, ceed, CEED_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED,
1411                 "Active input and output bases must have the same number of quadrature points");
1412       CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_fields[i], &eval_mode));
1413       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadratureComponents(basis_out, eval_mode, &q_comp));
1414       if (eval_mode != CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT) {
1415         // q_comp = 1 if CEED_EVAL_NONE, CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT caught by QF Assembly
1416         CeedCallBackend(CeedRealloc(num_eval_modes_out + q_comp, &eval_modes_out));
1417         for (CeedInt d = 0; d < q_comp; d++) {
1418           eval_modes_out[num_eval_modes_out + d] = eval_mode;
1419         }
1420         num_eval_modes_out += q_comp;
1421       }
1422     }
1423   }
1424   CeedCheck(num_eval_modes_in > 0 && num_eval_modes_out > 0, ceed, CEED_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED, "Cannot assemble operator without inputs/outputs");
1425 
1426   CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(1, &impl->asmb));
1427   CeedOperatorAssemble_Hip *asmb = impl->asmb;
1428   asmb->elems_per_block          = 1;
1429   asmb->block_size_x             = elem_size_in;
1430   asmb->block_size_y             = elem_size_out;
1431 
1432   CeedCallBackend(CeedGetData(ceed, &hip_data));
1433   bool fallback = asmb->block_size_x * asmb->block_size_y * asmb->elems_per_block > hip_data->device_prop.maxThreadsPerBlock;
1434 
1435   if (fallback) {
1436     // Use fallback kernel with 1D threadblock
1437     asmb->block_size_y = 1;
1438   }
1439 
1440   // Compile kernels
1441   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetNumComponents(rstr_in, &num_comp_in));
1442   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetNumComponents(rstr_out, &num_comp_out));
1443   CeedCallBackend(CeedGetJitAbsolutePath(ceed, "ceed/jit-source/hip/hip-ref-operator-assemble.h", &assembly_kernel_path));
1444   CeedDebug256(ceed, CEED_DEBUG_COLOR_SUCCESS, "----- Loading Assembly Kernel Source -----\n");
1445   CeedCallBackend(CeedLoadSourceToBuffer(ceed, assembly_kernel_path, &assembly_kernel_source));
1446   CeedDebug256(ceed, CEED_DEBUG_COLOR_SUCCESS, "----- Loading Assembly Source Complete! -----\n");
1447   CeedCallBackend(CeedCompile_Hip(ceed, assembly_kernel_source, &asmb->module, 10, "NUM_EVAL_MODES_IN", num_eval_modes_in, "NUM_EVAL_MODES_OUT",
1448                                   num_eval_modes_out, "NUM_COMP_IN", num_comp_in, "NUM_COMP_OUT", num_comp_out, "NUM_NODES_IN", elem_size_in,
1449                                   "NUM_NODES_OUT", elem_size_out, "NUM_QPTS", num_qpts_in, "BLOCK_SIZE",
1450                                   asmb->block_size_x * asmb->block_size_y * asmb->elems_per_block, "BLOCK_SIZE_Y", asmb->block_size_y, "USE_CEEDSIZE",
1451                                   use_ceedsize_idx));
1452   CeedCallBackend(CeedGetKernel_Hip(ceed, asmb->module, "LinearAssemble", &asmb->LinearAssemble));
1453   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&assembly_kernel_path));
1454   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&assembly_kernel_source));
1455 
1456   // Load into B_in, in order that they will be used in eval_modes_in
1457   {
1458     const CeedInt in_bytes           = elem_size_in * num_qpts_in * num_eval_modes_in * sizeof(CeedScalar);
1459     CeedInt       d_in               = 0;
1460     CeedEvalMode  eval_modes_in_prev = CEED_EVAL_NONE;
1461     bool          has_eval_none      = false;
1462     CeedScalar   *identity           = NULL;
1463 
1464     for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_eval_modes_in; i++) {
1465       has_eval_none = has_eval_none || (eval_modes_in[i] == CEED_EVAL_NONE);
1466     }
1467     if (has_eval_none) {
1468       CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(elem_size_in * num_qpts_in, &identity));
1469       for (CeedInt i = 0; i < (elem_size_in < num_qpts_in ? elem_size_in : num_qpts_in); i++) identity[i * elem_size_in + i] = 1.0;
1470     }
1471 
1472     CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMalloc((void **)&asmb->d_B_in, in_bytes));
1473     for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_eval_modes_in; i++) {
1474       const CeedScalar *h_B_in;
1475 
1476       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetBasisPointer(basis_in, eval_modes_in[i], identity, &h_B_in));
1477       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadratureComponents(basis_in, eval_modes_in[i], &q_comp));
1478       if (q_comp > 1) {
1479         if (i == 0 || eval_modes_in[i] != eval_modes_in_prev) d_in = 0;
1480         else h_B_in = &h_B_in[(++d_in) * elem_size_in * num_qpts_in];
1481       }
1482       eval_modes_in_prev = eval_modes_in[i];
1483 
1484       CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMemcpy(&asmb->d_B_in[i * elem_size_in * num_qpts_in], h_B_in, elem_size_in * num_qpts_in * sizeof(CeedScalar),
1485                                   hipMemcpyHostToDevice));
1486     }
1487 
1488     if (identity) {
1489       CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&identity));
1490     }
1491   }
1492 
1493   // Load into B_out, in order that they will be used in eval_modes_out
1494   {
1495     const CeedInt out_bytes           = elem_size_out * num_qpts_out * num_eval_modes_out * sizeof(CeedScalar);
1496     CeedInt       d_out               = 0;
1497     CeedEvalMode  eval_modes_out_prev = CEED_EVAL_NONE;
1498     bool          has_eval_none       = false;
1499     CeedScalar   *identity            = NULL;
1500 
1501     for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_eval_modes_out; i++) {
1502       has_eval_none = has_eval_none || (eval_modes_out[i] == CEED_EVAL_NONE);
1503     }
1504     if (has_eval_none) {
1505       CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(elem_size_out * num_qpts_out, &identity));
1506       for (CeedInt i = 0; i < (elem_size_out < num_qpts_out ? elem_size_out : num_qpts_out); i++) identity[i * elem_size_out + i] = 1.0;
1507     }
1508 
1509     CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMalloc((void **)&asmb->d_B_out, out_bytes));
1510     for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_eval_modes_out; i++) {
1511       const CeedScalar *h_B_out;
1512 
1513       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetBasisPointer(basis_out, eval_modes_out[i], identity, &h_B_out));
1514       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadratureComponents(basis_out, eval_modes_out[i], &q_comp));
1515       if (q_comp > 1) {
1516         if (i == 0 || eval_modes_out[i] != eval_modes_out_prev) d_out = 0;
1517         else h_B_out = &h_B_out[(++d_out) * elem_size_out * num_qpts_out];
1518       }
1519       eval_modes_out_prev = eval_modes_out[i];
1520 
1521       CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMemcpy(&asmb->d_B_out[i * elem_size_out * num_qpts_out], h_B_out, elem_size_out * num_qpts_out * sizeof(CeedScalar),
1522                                   hipMemcpyHostToDevice));
1523     }
1524 
1525     if (identity) {
1526       CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&identity));
1527     }
1528   }
1529   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
1530 }
1531 
1532 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1533 // Assemble matrix data for COO matrix of assembled operator.
1534 // The sparsity pattern is set by CeedOperatorLinearAssembleSymbolic.
1535 //
1536 // Note that this (and other assembly routines) currently assume only one active input restriction/basis per operator
1537 // (could have multiple basis eval modes).
1538 // TODO: allow multiple active input restrictions/basis objects
1539 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1540 static int CeedSingleOperatorAssemble_Hip(CeedOperator op, CeedInt offset, CeedVector values) {
1541   Ceed                ceed;
1542   CeedSize            values_length = 0, assembled_qf_length = 0;
1543   CeedInt             use_ceedsize_idx = 0, num_elem_in, num_elem_out, elem_size_in, elem_size_out;
1544   CeedScalar         *values_array;
1545   const CeedScalar   *assembled_qf_array;
1546   CeedVector          assembled_qf   = NULL;
1547   CeedElemRestriction assembled_rstr = NULL, rstr_in, rstr_out;
1548   CeedRestrictionType rstr_type_in, rstr_type_out;
1549   const bool         *orients_in = NULL, *orients_out = NULL;
1550   const CeedInt8     *curl_orients_in = NULL, *curl_orients_out = NULL;
1551   CeedOperator_Hip   *impl;
1552 
1553   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetCeed(op, &ceed));
1554   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetData(op, &impl));
1555 
1556   // Assemble QFunction
1557   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorLinearAssembleQFunctionBuildOrUpdate(op, &assembled_qf, &assembled_rstr, CEED_REQUEST_IMMEDIATE));
1558   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&assembled_rstr));
1559   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetArrayRead(assembled_qf, CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &assembled_qf_array));
1560 
1561   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetLength(values, &values_length));
1562   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetLength(assembled_qf, &assembled_qf_length));
1563   if ((values_length > INT_MAX) || (assembled_qf_length > INT_MAX)) use_ceedsize_idx = 1;
1564 
1565   // Setup
1566   if (!impl->asmb) CeedCallBackend(CeedSingleOperatorAssembleSetup_Hip(op, use_ceedsize_idx));
1567   CeedOperatorAssemble_Hip *asmb = impl->asmb;
1568 
1569   assert(asmb != NULL);
1570 
1571   // Assemble element operator
1572   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetArray(values, CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &values_array));
1573   values_array += offset;
1574 
1575   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetActiveElemRestrictions(op, &rstr_in, &rstr_out));
1576   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetNumElements(rstr_in, &num_elem_in));
1577   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetElementSize(rstr_in, &elem_size_in));
1578 
1579   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetType(rstr_in, &rstr_type_in));
1580   if (rstr_type_in == CEED_RESTRICTION_ORIENTED) {
1581     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetOrientations(rstr_in, CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &orients_in));
1582   } else if (rstr_type_in == CEED_RESTRICTION_CURL_ORIENTED) {
1583     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetCurlOrientations(rstr_in, CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &curl_orients_in));
1584   }
1585 
1586   if (rstr_in != rstr_out) {
1587     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetNumElements(rstr_out, &num_elem_out));
1588     CeedCheck(num_elem_in == num_elem_out, ceed, CEED_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED,
1589               "Active input and output operator restrictions must have the same number of elements");
1590     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetElementSize(rstr_out, &elem_size_out));
1591 
1592     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetType(rstr_out, &rstr_type_out));
1593     if (rstr_type_out == CEED_RESTRICTION_ORIENTED) {
1594       CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetOrientations(rstr_out, CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &orients_out));
1595     } else if (rstr_type_out == CEED_RESTRICTION_CURL_ORIENTED) {
1596       CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetCurlOrientations(rstr_out, CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &curl_orients_out));
1597     }
1598   } else {
1599     elem_size_out    = elem_size_in;
1600     orients_out      = orients_in;
1601     curl_orients_out = curl_orients_in;
1602   }
1603 
1604   // Compute B^T D B
1605   CeedInt shared_mem =
1606       ((curl_orients_in || curl_orients_out ? elem_size_in * elem_size_out : 0) + (curl_orients_in ? elem_size_in * asmb->block_size_y : 0)) *
1607       sizeof(CeedScalar);
1608   CeedInt grid   = CeedDivUpInt(num_elem_in, asmb->elems_per_block);
1609   void   *args[] = {(void *)&num_elem_in, &asmb->d_B_in,     &asmb->d_B_out,      &orients_in,  &curl_orients_in,
1610                     &orients_out,         &curl_orients_out, &assembled_qf_array, &values_array};
1611 
1612   CeedCallBackend(
1613       CeedRunKernelDimShared_Hip(ceed, asmb->LinearAssemble, grid, asmb->block_size_x, asmb->block_size_y, asmb->elems_per_block, shared_mem, args));
1614 
1615   // Restore arrays
1616   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorRestoreArray(values, &values_array));
1617   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorRestoreArrayRead(assembled_qf, &assembled_qf_array));
1618 
1619   // Cleanup
1620   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&assembled_qf));
1621   if (rstr_type_in == CEED_RESTRICTION_ORIENTED) {
1622     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionRestoreOrientations(rstr_in, &orients_in));
1623   } else if (rstr_type_in == CEED_RESTRICTION_CURL_ORIENTED) {
1624     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionRestoreCurlOrientations(rstr_in, &curl_orients_in));
1625   }
1626   if (rstr_in != rstr_out) {
1627     if (rstr_type_out == CEED_RESTRICTION_ORIENTED) {
1628       CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionRestoreOrientations(rstr_out, &orients_out));
1629     } else if (rstr_type_out == CEED_RESTRICTION_CURL_ORIENTED) {
1630       CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionRestoreCurlOrientations(rstr_out, &curl_orients_out));
1631     }
1632   }
1633   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
1634 }
1635 
1636 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1637 // Assemble Linear QFunction AtPoints
1638 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1639 static int CeedOperatorLinearAssembleQFunctionAtPoints_Hip(CeedOperator op, CeedVector *assembled, CeedElemRestriction *rstr, CeedRequest *request) {
1640   return CeedError(CeedOperatorReturnCeed(op), CEED_ERROR_BACKEND, "Backend does not implement CeedOperatorLinearAssembleQFunction");
1641 }
1642 
1643 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1644 // Assemble Linear Diagonal AtPoints
1645 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1646 static int CeedOperatorLinearAssembleAddDiagonalAtPoints_Hip(CeedOperator op, CeedVector assembled, CeedRequest *request) {
1647   CeedInt             max_num_points, *num_points, num_elem, num_input_fields, num_output_fields;
1648   CeedScalar         *e_data_in[CEED_FIELD_MAX] = {NULL}, *e_data_out[CEED_FIELD_MAX] = {NULL};
1649   CeedQFunctionField *qf_input_fields, *qf_output_fields;
1650   CeedQFunction       qf;
1651   CeedOperatorField  *op_input_fields, *op_output_fields;
1652   CeedOperator_Hip   *impl;
1653 
1654   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetData(op, &impl));
1655   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetQFunction(op, &qf));
1656   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetNumElements(op, &num_elem));
1657   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetFields(op, &num_input_fields, &op_input_fields, &num_output_fields, &op_output_fields));
1658   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionGetFields(qf, NULL, &qf_input_fields, NULL, &qf_output_fields));
1659 
1660   // Setup
1661   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorSetupAtPoints_Hip(op));
1662   num_points     = impl->num_points;
1663   max_num_points = impl->max_num_points;
1664 
1665   // Create separate output e-vecs
1666   if (impl->has_shared_e_vecs) {
1667     for (CeedInt i = 0; i < impl->num_outputs; i++) {
1668       CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&impl->q_vecs_out[i]));
1669       CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&impl->e_vecs_out[i]));
1670     }
1671     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorSetupFields_Hip(qf, op, false, true, impl->skip_rstr_out, impl->apply_add_basis_out, impl->e_vecs_out,
1672                                                 impl->q_vecs_out, num_output_fields, max_num_points, num_elem));
1673   }
1674   impl->has_shared_e_vecs = false;
1675 
1676   // Get point coordinates
1677   if (!impl->point_coords_elem) {
1678     CeedVector          point_coords = NULL;
1679     CeedElemRestriction rstr_points  = NULL;
1680 
1681     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorAtPointsGetPoints(op, &rstr_points, &point_coords));
1682     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionCreateVector(rstr_points, NULL, &impl->point_coords_elem));
1683     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionApply(rstr_points, CEED_NOTRANSPOSE, point_coords, impl->point_coords_elem, request));
1684   }
1685 
1686   // Process inputs
1687   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_input_fields; i++) {
1688     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorInputRestrict_Hip(op_input_fields[i], qf_input_fields[i], i, NULL, true, &e_data_in[i], impl, request));
1689     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorInputBasisAtPoints_Hip(op_input_fields[i], qf_input_fields[i], i, num_elem, num_points, true, e_data_in[i], impl));
1690   }
1691 
1692   // Clear active input Qvecs
1693   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_input_fields; i++) {
1694     CeedVector vec;
1695 
1696     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_input_fields[i], &vec));
1697     if (vec != CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) continue;
1698     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorSetValue(impl->q_vecs_in[i], 0.0));
1699   }
1700 
1701   // Output pointers, as necessary
1702   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_output_fields; i++) {
1703     CeedEvalMode eval_mode;
1704 
1705     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_output_fields[i], &eval_mode));
1706     if (eval_mode == CEED_EVAL_NONE) {
1707       // Set the output Q-Vector to use the E-Vector data directly.
1708       CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetArrayWrite(impl->e_vecs_out[i], CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &e_data_out[i]));
1709       CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorSetArray(impl->q_vecs_out[i], CEED_MEM_DEVICE, CEED_USE_POINTER, e_data_out[i]));
1710     }
1711   }
1712 
1713   // Loop over active fields
1714   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_input_fields; i++) {
1715     bool                is_active_at_points = true;
1716     CeedInt             elem_size = 1, num_comp_active = 1, e_vec_size = 0;
1717     CeedRestrictionType rstr_type;
1718     CeedVector          l_vec;
1719     CeedElemRestriction elem_rstr;
1720 
1721     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_input_fields[i], &l_vec));
1722     // -- Skip non-active input
1723     if (l_vec != CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) continue;
1724 
1725     // -- Get active restriction type
1726     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(op_input_fields[i], &elem_rstr));
1727     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetType(elem_rstr, &rstr_type));
1728     is_active_at_points = rstr_type == CEED_RESTRICTION_POINTS;
1729     if (!is_active_at_points) CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetElementSize(elem_rstr, &elem_size));
1730     else elem_size = max_num_points;
1731     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetNumComponents(elem_rstr, &num_comp_active));
1732 
1733     e_vec_size = elem_size * num_comp_active;
1734     for (CeedInt s = 0; s < e_vec_size; s++) {
1735       bool         is_active_input = false;
1736       CeedEvalMode eval_mode;
1737       CeedVector   vec;
1738       CeedBasis    basis;
1739 
1740       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_input_fields[i], &vec));
1741       // Skip non-active input
1742       is_active_input = vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE;
1743       if (!is_active_input) continue;
1744 
1745       // Update unit vector
1746       if (s == 0) CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorSetValue(impl->e_vecs_in[i], 0.0));
1747       else CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorSetValueStrided(impl->e_vecs_in[i], s - 1, e_vec_size, 0.0));
1748       CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorSetValueStrided(impl->e_vecs_in[i], s, e_vec_size, 1.0));
1749 
1750       // Basis action
1751       CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_input_fields[i], &eval_mode));
1752       switch (eval_mode) {
1753         case CEED_EVAL_NONE:
1754           CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorSetArray(impl->q_vecs_in[i], CEED_MEM_DEVICE, CEED_USE_POINTER, e_data_in[i]));
1755           break;
1756         case CEED_EVAL_INTERP:
1757         case CEED_EVAL_GRAD:
1758         case CEED_EVAL_DIV:
1759         case CEED_EVAL_CURL:
1760           CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(op_input_fields[i], &basis));
1761           CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisApplyAtPoints(basis, num_elem, num_points, CEED_NOTRANSPOSE, eval_mode, impl->point_coords_elem,
1762                                                  impl->e_vecs_in[i], impl->q_vecs_in[i]));
1763           break;
1764         case CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT:
1765           break;  // No action
1766       }
1767 
1768       // Q function
1769       CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionApply(qf, num_elem * max_num_points, impl->q_vecs_in, impl->q_vecs_out));
1770 
1771       // Output basis apply if needed
1772       for (CeedInt j = 0; j < num_output_fields; j++) {
1773         bool                is_active_output = false;
1774         CeedInt             elem_size        = 0;
1775         CeedRestrictionType rstr_type;
1776         CeedEvalMode        eval_mode;
1777         CeedVector          l_vec;
1778         CeedElemRestriction elem_rstr;
1779         CeedBasis           basis;
1780 
1781         CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_output_fields[j], &l_vec));
1782         // ---- Skip non-active output
1783         is_active_output = l_vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE;
1784         if (!is_active_output) continue;
1785 
1786         // ---- Check if elem size matches
1787         CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(op_output_fields[j], &elem_rstr));
1788         CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetType(elem_rstr, &rstr_type));
1789         if (is_active_at_points && rstr_type != CEED_RESTRICTION_POINTS) continue;
1790         if (rstr_type == CEED_RESTRICTION_POINTS) {
1791           CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetMaxPointsInElement(elem_rstr, &elem_size));
1792         } else {
1793           CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetElementSize(elem_rstr, &elem_size));
1794         }
1795         {
1796           CeedInt num_comp = 0;
1797 
1798           CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetNumComponents(elem_rstr, &num_comp));
1799           if (e_vec_size != num_comp * elem_size) continue;
1800         }
1801 
1802         // Basis action
1803         CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_output_fields[j], &eval_mode));
1804         switch (eval_mode) {
1805           case CEED_EVAL_NONE:
1806             CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorRestoreArray(impl->e_vecs_out[j], &e_data_out[j]));
1807             break;
1808           case CEED_EVAL_INTERP:
1809           case CEED_EVAL_GRAD:
1810           case CEED_EVAL_DIV:
1811           case CEED_EVAL_CURL:
1812             CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(op_output_fields[j], &basis));
1813             CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisApplyAtPoints(basis, num_elem, num_points, CEED_TRANSPOSE, eval_mode, impl->point_coords_elem,
1814                                                    impl->q_vecs_out[j], impl->e_vecs_out[j]));
1815             break;
1816           // LCOV_EXCL_START
1817           case CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT: {
1818             return CeedError(CeedOperatorReturnCeed(op), CEED_ERROR_BACKEND, "CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT cannot be an output evaluation mode");
1819             // LCOV_EXCL_STOP
1820           }
1821         }
1822 
1823         // Mask output e-vec
1824         CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorPointwiseMult(impl->e_vecs_out[j], impl->e_vecs_in[i], impl->e_vecs_out[j]));
1825 
1826         // Restrict
1827         CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(op_output_fields[j], &elem_rstr));
1828         CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionApply(elem_rstr, CEED_TRANSPOSE, impl->e_vecs_out[j], assembled, request));
1829 
1830         // Reset q_vec for
1831         if (eval_mode == CEED_EVAL_NONE) {
1832           CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetArrayWrite(impl->e_vecs_out[j], CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &e_data_out[j]));
1833           CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorSetArray(impl->q_vecs_out[j], CEED_MEM_DEVICE, CEED_USE_POINTER, e_data_out[j]));
1834         }
1835       }
1836 
1837       // Reset vec
1838       if (s == e_vec_size - 1 && i != num_input_fields - 1) CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorSetValue(impl->q_vecs_in[i], 0.0));
1839     }
1840   }
1841 
1842   // Restore CEED_EVAL_NONE
1843   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_output_fields; i++) {
1844     CeedEvalMode eval_mode;
1845 
1846     // Get eval_mode
1847     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_output_fields[i], &eval_mode));
1848 
1849     // Restore evec
1850     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_output_fields[i], &eval_mode));
1851     if (eval_mode == CEED_EVAL_NONE) {
1852       CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorRestoreArray(impl->e_vecs_in[i], &e_data_in[i]));
1853     }
1854   }
1855 
1856   // Restore input arrays
1857   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_input_fields; i++) {
1858     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorInputRestore_Hip(op_input_fields[i], qf_input_fields[i], i, true, &e_data_in[i], impl));
1859   }
1860   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
1861 }
1862 
1863 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1864 // Create operator
1865 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1866 int CeedOperatorCreate_Hip(CeedOperator op) {
1867   Ceed              ceed;
1868   CeedOperator_Hip *impl;
1869 
1870   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetCeed(op, &ceed));
1871   CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(1, &impl));
1872   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorSetData(op, impl));
1873 
1874   CeedCallBackend(CeedSetBackendFunction(ceed, "Operator", op, "LinearAssembleQFunction", CeedOperatorLinearAssembleQFunction_Hip));
1875   CeedCallBackend(CeedSetBackendFunction(ceed, "Operator", op, "LinearAssembleQFunctionUpdate", CeedOperatorLinearAssembleQFunctionUpdate_Hip));
1876   CeedCallBackend(CeedSetBackendFunction(ceed, "Operator", op, "LinearAssembleAddDiagonal", CeedOperatorLinearAssembleAddDiagonal_Hip));
1877   CeedCallBackend(
1878       CeedSetBackendFunction(ceed, "Operator", op, "LinearAssembleAddPointBlockDiagonal", CeedOperatorLinearAssembleAddPointBlockDiagonal_Hip));
1879   CeedCallBackend(CeedSetBackendFunction(ceed, "Operator", op, "LinearAssembleSingle", CeedSingleOperatorAssemble_Hip));
1880   CeedCallBackend(CeedSetBackendFunction(ceed, "Operator", op, "ApplyAdd", CeedOperatorApplyAdd_Hip));
1881   CeedCallBackend(CeedSetBackendFunction(ceed, "Operator", op, "Destroy", CeedOperatorDestroy_Hip));
1882   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
1883 }
1884 
1885 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1886 // Create operator AtPoints
1887 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1888 int CeedOperatorCreateAtPoints_Hip(CeedOperator op) {
1889   Ceed              ceed;
1890   CeedOperator_Hip *impl;
1891 
1892   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetCeed(op, &ceed));
1893   CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(1, &impl));
1894   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorSetData(op, impl));
1895 
1896   CeedCallBackend(CeedSetBackendFunction(ceed, "Operator", op, "LinearAssembleQFunction", CeedOperatorLinearAssembleQFunctionAtPoints_Hip));
1897   CeedCallBackend(CeedSetBackendFunction(ceed, "Operator", op, "LinearAssembleAddDiagonal", CeedOperatorLinearAssembleAddDiagonalAtPoints_Hip));
1898   CeedCallBackend(CeedSetBackendFunction(ceed, "Operator", op, "ApplyAdd", CeedOperatorApplyAddAtPoints_Hip));
1899   CeedCallBackend(CeedSetBackendFunction(ceed, "Operator", op, "Destroy", CeedOperatorDestroy_Hip));
1900   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
1901 }
1902 
1903 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1904