xref: /libCEED/backends/hip-ref/ceed-hip-ref-operator.c (revision 2b730f8b5a9c809740a0b3b302db43a719c636b1)
1 // Copyright (c) 2017-2022, Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC and other CEED contributors.
2 // All Rights Reserved. See the top-level LICENSE and NOTICE files for details.
3 //
4 // SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
5 //
6 // This file is part of CEED:  http://github.com/ceed
7 
8 #include <assert.h>
9 #include <ceed/backend.h>
10 #include <ceed/ceed.h>
11 #include <ceed/jit-tools.h>
12 #include <hip/hip_runtime.h>
13 #include <stdbool.h>
14 #include <string.h>
15 
16 #include "../hip/ceed-hip-compile.h"
17 #include "ceed-hip-ref.h"
18 
19 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
20 // Destroy operator
21 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
22 static int CeedOperatorDestroy_Hip(CeedOperator op) {
23   CeedOperator_Hip *impl;
24   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetData(op, &impl));
25 
26   // Apply data
27   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < impl->numein + impl->numeout; i++) {
28     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&impl->evecs[i]));
29   }
30   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&impl->evecs));
31 
32   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < impl->numein; i++) {
33     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&impl->qvecsin[i]));
34   }
35   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&impl->qvecsin));
36 
37   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < impl->numeout; i++) {
38     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&impl->qvecsout[i]));
39   }
40   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&impl->qvecsout));
41 
42   // QFunction diagonal assembly data
43   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < impl->qfnumactivein; i++) {
44     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&impl->qfactivein[i]));
45   }
46   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&impl->qfactivein));
47 
48   // Diag data
49   if (impl->diag) {
50     Ceed ceed;
51     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetCeed(op, &ceed));
52     CeedCallHip(ceed, hipModuleUnload(impl->diag->module));
53     CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&impl->diag->h_emodein));
54     CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&impl->diag->h_emodeout));
55     CeedCallHip(ceed, hipFree(impl->diag->d_emodein));
56     CeedCallHip(ceed, hipFree(impl->diag->d_emodeout));
57     CeedCallHip(ceed, hipFree(impl->diag->d_identity));
58     CeedCallHip(ceed, hipFree(impl->diag->d_interpin));
59     CeedCallHip(ceed, hipFree(impl->diag->d_interpout));
60     CeedCallHip(ceed, hipFree(impl->diag->d_gradin));
61     CeedCallHip(ceed, hipFree(impl->diag->d_gradout));
62     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&impl->diag->pbdiagrstr));
63     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&impl->diag->elemdiag));
64     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&impl->diag->pbelemdiag));
65   }
66   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&impl->diag));
67 
68   if (impl->asmb) {
69     Ceed ceed;
70     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetCeed(op, &ceed));
71     CeedCallHip(ceed, hipModuleUnload(impl->asmb->module));
72     CeedCallHip(ceed, hipFree(impl->asmb->d_B_in));
73     CeedCallHip(ceed, hipFree(impl->asmb->d_B_out));
74   }
75   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&impl->asmb));
76 
77   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&impl));
78   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
79 }
80 
81 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
82 // Setup infields or outfields
83 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
84 static int CeedOperatorSetupFields_Hip(CeedQFunction qf, CeedOperator op, bool isinput, CeedVector *evecs, CeedVector *qvecs, CeedInt starte,
85                                        CeedInt numfields, CeedInt Q, CeedInt numelements) {
86   CeedInt  dim, size;
87   CeedSize q_size;
88   Ceed     ceed;
89   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetCeed(op, &ceed));
90   CeedBasis           basis;
91   CeedElemRestriction Erestrict;
92   CeedOperatorField  *opfields;
93   CeedQFunctionField *qffields;
94   CeedVector          fieldvec;
95   bool                strided;
96   bool                skiprestrict;
97 
98   if (isinput) {
99     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetFields(op, NULL, &opfields, NULL, NULL));
100     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionGetFields(qf, NULL, &qffields, NULL, NULL));
101   } else {
102     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetFields(op, NULL, NULL, NULL, &opfields));
103     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionGetFields(qf, NULL, NULL, NULL, &qffields));
104   }
105 
106   // Loop over fields
107   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < numfields; i++) {
108     CeedEvalMode emode;
109     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qffields[i], &emode));
110 
111     strided      = false;
112     skiprestrict = false;
113     if (emode != CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT) {
114       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(opfields[i], &Erestrict));
115 
116       // Check whether this field can skip the element restriction:
117       // must be passive input, with emode NONE, and have a strided restriction with
118       // CEED_STRIDES_BACKEND.
119 
120       // First, check whether the field is input or output:
121       if (isinput) {
122         // Check for passive input:
123         CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(opfields[i], &fieldvec));
124         if (fieldvec != CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) {
125           // Check emode
126           if (emode == CEED_EVAL_NONE) {
127             // Check for strided restriction
128             CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionIsStrided(Erestrict, &strided));
129             if (strided) {
130               // Check if vector is already in preferred backend ordering
131               CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionHasBackendStrides(Erestrict, &skiprestrict));
132             }
133           }
134         }
135       }
136       if (skiprestrict) {
137         // We do not need an E-Vector, but will use the input field vector's data
138         // directly in the operator application.
139         evecs[i + starte] = NULL;
140       } else {
141         CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionCreateVector(Erestrict, NULL, &evecs[i + starte]));
142       }
143     }
144 
145     switch (emode) {
146       case CEED_EVAL_NONE:
147         CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetSize(qffields[i], &size));
148         q_size = (CeedSize)numelements * Q * size;
149         CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorCreate(ceed, q_size, &qvecs[i]));
150         break;
151       case CEED_EVAL_INTERP:
152         CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetSize(qffields[i], &size));
153         q_size = (CeedSize)numelements * Q * size;
154         CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorCreate(ceed, q_size, &qvecs[i]));
155         break;
156       case CEED_EVAL_GRAD:
157         CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(opfields[i], &basis));
158         CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetSize(qffields[i], &size));
159         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetDimension(basis, &dim));
160         q_size = (CeedSize)numelements * Q * size;
161         CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorCreate(ceed, q_size, &qvecs[i]));
162         break;
163       case CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT:  // Only on input fields
164         CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(opfields[i], &basis));
165         q_size = (CeedSize)numelements * Q;
166         CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorCreate(ceed, q_size, &qvecs[i]));
167         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisApply(basis, numelements, CEED_NOTRANSPOSE, CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT, NULL, qvecs[i]));
168         break;
169       case CEED_EVAL_DIV:
170         break;  // TODO: Not implemented
171       case CEED_EVAL_CURL:
172         break;  // TODO: Not implemented
173     }
174   }
175   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
176 }
177 
178 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
179 // CeedOperator needs to connect all the named fields (be they active or passive)
180 //   to the named inputs and outputs of its CeedQFunction.
181 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
182 static int CeedOperatorSetup_Hip(CeedOperator op) {
183   bool setupdone;
184   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorIsSetupDone(op, &setupdone));
185   if (setupdone) return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
186   Ceed ceed;
187   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetCeed(op, &ceed));
188   CeedOperator_Hip *impl;
189   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetData(op, &impl));
190   CeedQFunction qf;
191   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetQFunction(op, &qf));
192   CeedInt Q, numelements, numinputfields, numoutputfields;
193   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetNumQuadraturePoints(op, &Q));
194   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetNumElements(op, &numelements));
195   CeedOperatorField *opinputfields, *opoutputfields;
196   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetFields(op, &numinputfields, &opinputfields, &numoutputfields, &opoutputfields));
197   CeedQFunctionField *qfinputfields, *qfoutputfields;
198   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionGetFields(qf, NULL, &qfinputfields, NULL, &qfoutputfields));
199 
200   // Allocate
201   CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(numinputfields + numoutputfields, &impl->evecs));
202 
203   CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(CEED_FIELD_MAX, &impl->qvecsin));
204   CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(CEED_FIELD_MAX, &impl->qvecsout));
205 
206   impl->numein  = numinputfields;
207   impl->numeout = numoutputfields;
208 
209   // Set up infield and outfield evecs and qvecs
210   // Infields
211   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorSetupFields_Hip(qf, op, true, impl->evecs, impl->qvecsin, 0, numinputfields, Q, numelements));
212 
213   // Outfields
214   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorSetupFields_Hip(qf, op, false, impl->evecs, impl->qvecsout, numinputfields, numoutputfields, Q, numelements));
215 
216   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorSetSetupDone(op));
217   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
218 }
219 
220 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
221 // Setup Operator Inputs
222 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
223 static inline int CeedOperatorSetupInputs_Hip(CeedInt numinputfields, CeedQFunctionField *qfinputfields, CeedOperatorField *opinputfields,
224                                               CeedVector invec, const bool skipactive, CeedScalar *edata[2 * CEED_FIELD_MAX], CeedOperator_Hip *impl,
225                                               CeedRequest *request) {
226   CeedEvalMode        emode;
227   CeedVector          vec;
228   CeedElemRestriction Erestrict;
229 
230   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < numinputfields; i++) {
231     // Get input vector
232     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(opinputfields[i], &vec));
233     if (vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) {
234       if (skipactive) continue;
235       else vec = invec;
236     }
237 
238     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qfinputfields[i], &emode));
239     if (emode == CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT) {  // Skip
240     } else {
241       // Get input vector
242       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(opinputfields[i], &vec));
243       // Get input element restriction
244       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(opinputfields[i], &Erestrict));
245       if (vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) vec = invec;
246       // Restrict, if necessary
247       if (!impl->evecs[i]) {
248         // No restriction for this field; read data directly from vec.
249         CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetArrayRead(vec, CEED_MEM_DEVICE, (const CeedScalar **)&edata[i]));
250       } else {
251         CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionApply(Erestrict, CEED_NOTRANSPOSE, vec, impl->evecs[i], request));
252         // Get evec
253         CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetArrayRead(impl->evecs[i], CEED_MEM_DEVICE, (const CeedScalar **)&edata[i]));
254       }
255     }
256   }
257   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
258 }
259 
260 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
261 // Input Basis Action
262 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
263 static inline int CeedOperatorInputBasis_Hip(CeedInt numelements, CeedQFunctionField *qfinputfields, CeedOperatorField *opinputfields,
264                                              CeedInt numinputfields, const bool skipactive, CeedScalar *edata[2 * CEED_FIELD_MAX],
265                                              CeedOperator_Hip *impl) {
266   CeedInt             elemsize, size;
267   CeedElemRestriction Erestrict;
268   CeedEvalMode        emode;
269   CeedBasis           basis;
270 
271   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < numinputfields; i++) {
272     // Skip active input
273     if (skipactive) {
274       CeedVector vec;
275       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(opinputfields[i], &vec));
276       if (vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) continue;
277     }
278     // Get elemsize, emode, size
279     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(opinputfields[i], &Erestrict));
280     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetElementSize(Erestrict, &elemsize));
281     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qfinputfields[i], &emode));
282     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetSize(qfinputfields[i], &size));
283     // Basis action
284     switch (emode) {
285       case CEED_EVAL_NONE:
286         CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorSetArray(impl->qvecsin[i], CEED_MEM_DEVICE, CEED_USE_POINTER, edata[i]));
287         break;
288       case CEED_EVAL_INTERP:
289         CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(opinputfields[i], &basis));
290         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisApply(basis, numelements, CEED_NOTRANSPOSE, CEED_EVAL_INTERP, impl->evecs[i], impl->qvecsin[i]));
291         break;
292       case CEED_EVAL_GRAD:
293         CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(opinputfields[i], &basis));
294         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisApply(basis, numelements, CEED_NOTRANSPOSE, CEED_EVAL_GRAD, impl->evecs[i], impl->qvecsin[i]));
295         break;
296       case CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT:
297         break;  // No action
298       case CEED_EVAL_DIV:
299         break;  // TODO: Not implemented
300       case CEED_EVAL_CURL:
301         break;  // TODO: Not implemented
302     }
303   }
304   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
305 }
306 
307 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
308 // Restore Input Vectors
309 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
310 static inline int CeedOperatorRestoreInputs_Hip(CeedInt numinputfields, CeedQFunctionField *qfinputfields, CeedOperatorField *opinputfields,
311                                                 const bool skipactive, CeedScalar *edata[2 * CEED_FIELD_MAX], CeedOperator_Hip *impl) {
312   CeedEvalMode emode;
313   CeedVector   vec;
314 
315   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < numinputfields; i++) {
316     // Skip active input
317     if (skipactive) {
318       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(opinputfields[i], &vec));
319       if (vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) continue;
320     }
321     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qfinputfields[i], &emode));
322     if (emode == CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT) {  // Skip
323     } else {
324       if (!impl->evecs[i]) {  // This was a skiprestrict case
325         CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(opinputfields[i], &vec));
326         CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorRestoreArrayRead(vec, (const CeedScalar **)&edata[i]));
327       } else {
328         CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorRestoreArrayRead(impl->evecs[i], (const CeedScalar **)&edata[i]));
329       }
330     }
331   }
332   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
333 }
334 
335 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
336 // Apply and add to output
337 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
338 static int CeedOperatorApplyAdd_Hip(CeedOperator op, CeedVector invec, CeedVector outvec, CeedRequest *request) {
339   CeedOperator_Hip *impl;
340   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetData(op, &impl));
341   CeedQFunction qf;
342   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetQFunction(op, &qf));
343   CeedInt Q, numelements, elemsize, numinputfields, numoutputfields, size;
344   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetNumQuadraturePoints(op, &Q));
345   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetNumElements(op, &numelements));
346   CeedOperatorField *opinputfields, *opoutputfields;
347   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetFields(op, &numinputfields, &opinputfields, &numoutputfields, &opoutputfields));
348   CeedQFunctionField *qfinputfields, *qfoutputfields;
349   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionGetFields(qf, NULL, &qfinputfields, NULL, &qfoutputfields));
350   CeedEvalMode        emode;
351   CeedVector          vec;
352   CeedBasis           basis;
353   CeedElemRestriction Erestrict;
354   CeedScalar         *edata[2 * CEED_FIELD_MAX];
355 
356   // Setup
357   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorSetup_Hip(op));
358 
359   // Input Evecs and Restriction
360   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorSetupInputs_Hip(numinputfields, qfinputfields, opinputfields, invec, false, edata, impl, request));
361 
362   // Input basis apply if needed
363   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorInputBasis_Hip(numelements, qfinputfields, opinputfields, numinputfields, false, edata, impl));
364 
365   // Output pointers, as necessary
366   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < numoutputfields; i++) {
367     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qfoutputfields[i], &emode));
368     if (emode == CEED_EVAL_NONE) {
369       // Set the output Q-Vector to use the E-Vector data directly.
370       CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetArrayWrite(impl->evecs[i + impl->numein], CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &edata[i + numinputfields]));
371       CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorSetArray(impl->qvecsout[i], CEED_MEM_DEVICE, CEED_USE_POINTER, edata[i + numinputfields]));
372     }
373   }
374 
375   // Q function
376   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionApply(qf, numelements * Q, impl->qvecsin, impl->qvecsout));
377 
378   // Output basis apply if needed
379   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < numoutputfields; i++) {
380     // Get elemsize, emode, size
381     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(opoutputfields[i], &Erestrict));
382     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetElementSize(Erestrict, &elemsize));
383     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qfoutputfields[i], &emode));
384     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetSize(qfoutputfields[i], &size));
385     // Basis action
386     switch (emode) {
387       case CEED_EVAL_NONE:
388         break;
389       case CEED_EVAL_INTERP:
390         CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(opoutputfields[i], &basis));
391         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisApply(basis, numelements, CEED_TRANSPOSE, CEED_EVAL_INTERP, impl->qvecsout[i], impl->evecs[i + impl->numein]));
392         break;
393       case CEED_EVAL_GRAD:
394         CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(opoutputfields[i], &basis));
395         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisApply(basis, numelements, CEED_TRANSPOSE, CEED_EVAL_GRAD, impl->qvecsout[i], impl->evecs[i + impl->numein]));
396         break;
397       // LCOV_EXCL_START
398       case CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT: {
399         Ceed ceed;
400         CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetCeed(op, &ceed));
401         return CeedError(ceed, CEED_ERROR_BACKEND, "CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT cannot be an output evaluation mode");
402         break;  // Should not occur
403       }
404       case CEED_EVAL_DIV:
405         break;  // TODO: Not implemented
406       case CEED_EVAL_CURL:
407         break;  // TODO: Not implemented
408                 // LCOV_EXCL_STOP
409     }
410   }
411 
412   // Output restriction
413   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < numoutputfields; i++) {
414     // Restore evec
415     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qfoutputfields[i], &emode));
416     if (emode == CEED_EVAL_NONE) {
417       CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorRestoreArray(impl->evecs[i + impl->numein], &edata[i + numinputfields]));
418     }
419     // Get output vector
420     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(opoutputfields[i], &vec));
421     // Restrict
422     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(opoutputfields[i], &Erestrict));
423     // Active
424     if (vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) vec = outvec;
425 
426     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionApply(Erestrict, CEED_TRANSPOSE, impl->evecs[i + impl->numein], vec, request));
427   }
428 
429   // Restore input arrays
430   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorRestoreInputs_Hip(numinputfields, qfinputfields, opinputfields, false, edata, impl));
431   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
432 }
433 
434 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
435 // Core code for assembling linear QFunction
436 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
437 static inline int CeedOperatorLinearAssembleQFunctionCore_Hip(CeedOperator op, bool build_objects, CeedVector *assembled, CeedElemRestriction *rstr,
438                                                               CeedRequest *request) {
439   CeedOperator_Hip *impl;
440   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetData(op, &impl));
441   CeedQFunction qf;
442   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetQFunction(op, &qf));
443   CeedInt  Q, numelements, numinputfields, numoutputfields, size;
444   CeedSize q_size;
445   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetNumQuadraturePoints(op, &Q));
446   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetNumElements(op, &numelements));
447   CeedOperatorField *opinputfields, *opoutputfields;
448   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetFields(op, &numinputfields, &opinputfields, &numoutputfields, &opoutputfields));
449   CeedQFunctionField *qfinputfields, *qfoutputfields;
450   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionGetFields(qf, NULL, &qfinputfields, NULL, &qfoutputfields));
451   CeedVector  vec;
452   CeedInt     numactivein = impl->qfnumactivein, numactiveout = impl->qfnumactiveout;
453   CeedVector *activein = impl->qfactivein;
454   CeedScalar *a, *tmp;
455   Ceed        ceed, ceedparent;
456   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetCeed(op, &ceed));
457   CeedCallBackend(CeedGetOperatorFallbackParentCeed(ceed, &ceedparent));
458   ceedparent = ceedparent ? ceedparent : ceed;
459   CeedScalar *edata[2 * CEED_FIELD_MAX];
460 
461   // Setup
462   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorSetup_Hip(op));
463 
464   // Check for identity
465   bool identityqf;
466   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionIsIdentity(qf, &identityqf));
467   if (identityqf) {
468     // LCOV_EXCL_START
469     return CeedError(ceed, CEED_ERROR_BACKEND, "Assembling identity QFunctions not supported");
470     // LCOV_EXCL_STOP
471   }
472 
473   // Input Evecs and Restriction
474   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorSetupInputs_Hip(numinputfields, qfinputfields, opinputfields, NULL, true, edata, impl, request));
475 
476   // Count number of active input fields
477   if (!numactivein) {
478     for (CeedInt i = 0; i < numinputfields; i++) {
479       // Get input vector
480       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(opinputfields[i], &vec));
481       // Check if active input
482       if (vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) {
483         CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetSize(qfinputfields[i], &size));
484         CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorSetValue(impl->qvecsin[i], 0.0));
485         CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetArray(impl->qvecsin[i], CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &tmp));
486         CeedCallBackend(CeedRealloc(numactivein + size, &activein));
487         for (CeedInt field = 0; field < size; field++) {
488           q_size = (CeedSize)Q * numelements;
489           CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorCreate(ceed, q_size, &activein[numactivein + field]));
490           CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorSetArray(activein[numactivein + field], CEED_MEM_DEVICE, CEED_USE_POINTER, &tmp[field * Q * numelements]));
491         }
492         numactivein += size;
493         CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorRestoreArray(impl->qvecsin[i], &tmp));
494       }
495     }
496     impl->qfnumactivein = numactivein;
497     impl->qfactivein    = activein;
498   }
499 
500   // Count number of active output fields
501   if (!numactiveout) {
502     for (CeedInt i = 0; i < numoutputfields; i++) {
503       // Get output vector
504       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(opoutputfields[i], &vec));
505       // Check if active output
506       if (vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) {
507         CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetSize(qfoutputfields[i], &size));
508         numactiveout += size;
509       }
510     }
511     impl->qfnumactiveout = numactiveout;
512   }
513 
514   // Check sizes
515   if (!numactivein || !numactiveout) {
516     // LCOV_EXCL_START
517     return CeedError(ceed, CEED_ERROR_BACKEND, "Cannot assemble QFunction without active inputs and outputs");
518     // LCOV_EXCL_STOP
519   }
520 
521   // Build objects if needed
522   if (build_objects) {
523     // Create output restriction
524     CeedInt strides[3] = {1, numelements * Q, Q}; /* *NOPAD* */
525     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionCreateStrided(ceedparent, numelements, Q, numactivein * numactiveout,
526                                                      numactivein * numactiveout * numelements * Q, strides, rstr));
527     // Create assembled vector
528     CeedSize l_size = (CeedSize)numelements * Q * numactivein * numactiveout;
529     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorCreate(ceedparent, l_size, assembled));
530   }
531   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorSetValue(*assembled, 0.0));
532   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetArray(*assembled, CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &a));
533 
534   // Input basis apply
535   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorInputBasis_Hip(numelements, qfinputfields, opinputfields, numinputfields, true, edata, impl));
536 
537   // Assemble QFunction
538   for (CeedInt in = 0; in < numactivein; in++) {
539     // Set Inputs
540     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorSetValue(activein[in], 1.0));
541     if (numactivein > 1) {
542       CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorSetValue(activein[(in + numactivein - 1) % numactivein], 0.0));
543     }
544     // Set Outputs
545     for (CeedInt out = 0; out < numoutputfields; out++) {
546       // Get output vector
547       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(opoutputfields[out], &vec));
548       // Check if active output
549       if (vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) {
550         CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorSetArray(impl->qvecsout[out], CEED_MEM_DEVICE, CEED_USE_POINTER, a));
551         CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetSize(qfoutputfields[out], &size));
552         a += size * Q * numelements;  // Advance the pointer by the size of the output
553       }
554     }
555     // Apply QFunction
556     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionApply(qf, Q * numelements, impl->qvecsin, impl->qvecsout));
557   }
558 
559   // Un-set output Qvecs to prevent accidental overwrite of Assembled
560   for (CeedInt out = 0; out < numoutputfields; out++) {
561     // Get output vector
562     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(opoutputfields[out], &vec));
563     // Check if active output
564     if (vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) {
565       CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorTakeArray(impl->qvecsout[out], CEED_MEM_DEVICE, NULL));
566     }
567   }
568 
569   // Restore input arrays
570   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorRestoreInputs_Hip(numinputfields, qfinputfields, opinputfields, true, edata, impl));
571 
572   // Restore output
573   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorRestoreArray(*assembled, &a));
574 
575   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
576 }
577 
578 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
579 // Assemble Linear QFunction
580 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
581 static int CeedOperatorLinearAssembleQFunction_Hip(CeedOperator op, CeedVector *assembled, CeedElemRestriction *rstr, CeedRequest *request) {
582   return CeedOperatorLinearAssembleQFunctionCore_Hip(op, true, assembled, rstr, request);
583 }
584 
585 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
586 // Assemble Linear QFunction
587 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
588 static int CeedOperatorLinearAssembleQFunctionUpdate_Hip(CeedOperator op, CeedVector assembled, CeedElemRestriction rstr, CeedRequest *request) {
589   return CeedOperatorLinearAssembleQFunctionCore_Hip(op, false, &assembled, &rstr, request);
590 }
591 
592 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
593 // Create point block restriction
594 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
595 static int CreatePBRestriction(CeedElemRestriction rstr, CeedElemRestriction *pbRstr) {
596   Ceed ceed;
597   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetCeed(rstr, &ceed));
598   const CeedInt *offsets;
599   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetOffsets(rstr, CEED_MEM_HOST, &offsets));
600 
601   // Expand offsets
602   CeedInt  nelem, ncomp, elemsize, compstride, *pbOffsets;
603   CeedSize l_size;
604   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetNumElements(rstr, &nelem));
605   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetNumComponents(rstr, &ncomp));
606   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetElementSize(rstr, &elemsize));
607   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetCompStride(rstr, &compstride));
608   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetLVectorSize(rstr, &l_size));
609   CeedInt shift = ncomp;
610   if (compstride != 1) shift *= ncomp;
611   CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(nelem * elemsize, &pbOffsets));
612   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < nelem * elemsize; i++) {
613     pbOffsets[i] = offsets[i] * shift;
614   }
615 
616   // Create new restriction
617   CeedCallBackend(
618       CeedElemRestrictionCreate(ceed, nelem, elemsize, ncomp * ncomp, 1, l_size * ncomp, CEED_MEM_HOST, CEED_OWN_POINTER, pbOffsets, pbRstr));
619 
620   // Cleanup
621   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionRestoreOffsets(rstr, &offsets));
622 
623   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
624 }
625 
626 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
627 // Assemble diagonal setup
628 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
629 static inline int CeedOperatorAssembleDiagonalSetup_Hip(CeedOperator op, const bool pointBlock) {
630   Ceed ceed;
631   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetCeed(op, &ceed));
632   CeedQFunction qf;
633   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetQFunction(op, &qf));
634   CeedInt numinputfields, numoutputfields;
635   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionGetNumArgs(qf, &numinputfields, &numoutputfields));
636 
637   // Determine active input basis
638   CeedOperatorField  *opfields;
639   CeedQFunctionField *qffields;
640   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetFields(op, NULL, &opfields, NULL, NULL));
641   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionGetFields(qf, NULL, &qffields, NULL, NULL));
642   CeedInt             numemodein = 0, ncomp = 0, dim = 1;
643   CeedEvalMode       *emodein = NULL;
644   CeedBasis           basisin = NULL;
645   CeedElemRestriction rstrin  = NULL;
646   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < numinputfields; i++) {
647     CeedVector vec;
648     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(opfields[i], &vec));
649     if (vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) {
650       CeedElemRestriction rstr;
651       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(opfields[i], &basisin));
652       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumComponents(basisin, &ncomp));
653       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetDimension(basisin, &dim));
654       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(opfields[i], &rstr));
655       if (rstrin && rstrin != rstr) {
656         // LCOV_EXCL_START
657         return CeedError(ceed, CEED_ERROR_BACKEND, "Backend does not implement multi-field non-composite operator diagonal assembly");
658         // LCOV_EXCL_STOP
659       }
660       rstrin = rstr;
661       CeedEvalMode emode;
662       CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qffields[i], &emode));
663       switch (emode) {
664         case CEED_EVAL_NONE:
665         case CEED_EVAL_INTERP:
666           CeedCallBackend(CeedRealloc(numemodein + 1, &emodein));
667           emodein[numemodein] = emode;
668           numemodein += 1;
669           break;
670         case CEED_EVAL_GRAD:
671           CeedCallBackend(CeedRealloc(numemodein + dim, &emodein));
672           for (CeedInt d = 0; d < dim; d++) emodein[numemodein + d] = emode;
673           numemodein += dim;
674           break;
675         case CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT:
676         case CEED_EVAL_DIV:
677         case CEED_EVAL_CURL:
678           break;  // Caught by QF Assembly
679       }
680     }
681   }
682 
683   // Determine active output basis
684   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetFields(op, NULL, NULL, NULL, &opfields));
685   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionGetFields(qf, NULL, NULL, NULL, &qffields));
686   CeedInt             numemodeout = 0;
687   CeedEvalMode       *emodeout    = NULL;
688   CeedBasis           basisout    = NULL;
689   CeedElemRestriction rstrout     = NULL;
690   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < numoutputfields; i++) {
691     CeedVector vec;
692     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(opfields[i], &vec));
693     if (vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) {
694       CeedElemRestriction rstr;
695       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(opfields[i], &basisout));
696       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(opfields[i], &rstr));
697       if (rstrout && rstrout != rstr) {
698         // LCOV_EXCL_START
699         return CeedError(ceed, CEED_ERROR_BACKEND, "Backend does not implement multi-field non-composite operator diagonal assembly");
700         // LCOV_EXCL_STOP
701       }
702       rstrout = rstr;
703       CeedEvalMode emode;
704       CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qffields[i], &emode));
705       switch (emode) {
706         case CEED_EVAL_NONE:
707         case CEED_EVAL_INTERP:
708           CeedCallBackend(CeedRealloc(numemodeout + 1, &emodeout));
709           emodeout[numemodeout] = emode;
710           numemodeout += 1;
711           break;
712         case CEED_EVAL_GRAD:
713           CeedCallBackend(CeedRealloc(numemodeout + dim, &emodeout));
714           for (CeedInt d = 0; d < dim; d++) emodeout[numemodeout + d] = emode;
715           numemodeout += dim;
716           break;
717         case CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT:
718         case CEED_EVAL_DIV:
719         case CEED_EVAL_CURL:
720           break;  // Caught by QF Assembly
721       }
722     }
723   }
724 
725   // Operator data struct
726   CeedOperator_Hip *impl;
727   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetData(op, &impl));
728   CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(1, &impl->diag));
729   CeedOperatorDiag_Hip *diag = impl->diag;
730   diag->basisin              = basisin;
731   diag->basisout             = basisout;
732   diag->h_emodein            = emodein;
733   diag->h_emodeout           = emodeout;
734   diag->numemodein           = numemodein;
735   diag->numemodeout          = numemodeout;
736 
737   // Assemble kernel
738 
739   char *diagonal_kernel_path, *diagonal_kernel_source;
740   CeedCallBackend(CeedGetJitAbsolutePath(ceed, "ceed/jit-source/hip/hip-ref-operator-assemble-diagonal.h", &diagonal_kernel_path));
741   CeedDebug256(ceed, 2, "----- Loading Diagonal Assembly Kernel Source -----\n");
742   CeedCallBackend(CeedLoadSourceToBuffer(ceed, diagonal_kernel_path, &diagonal_kernel_source));
743   CeedDebug256(ceed, 2, "----- Loading Diagonal Assembly Source Complete! -----\n");
744   CeedInt nnodes, nqpts;
745   CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumNodes(basisin, &nnodes));
746   CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadraturePoints(basisin, &nqpts));
747   diag->nnodes = nnodes;
748   CeedCallBackend(CeedCompileHip(ceed, diagonal_kernel_source, &diag->module, 5, "NUMEMODEIN", numemodein, "NUMEMODEOUT", numemodeout, "NNODES",
749                                  nnodes, "NQPTS", nqpts, "NCOMP", ncomp));
750   CeedCallBackend(CeedGetKernelHip(ceed, diag->module, "linearDiagonal", &diag->linearDiagonal));
751   CeedCallBackend(CeedGetKernelHip(ceed, diag->module, "linearPointBlockDiagonal", &diag->linearPointBlock));
752   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&diagonal_kernel_path));
753   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&diagonal_kernel_source));
754 
755   // Basis matrices
756   const CeedInt     qBytes = nqpts * sizeof(CeedScalar);
757   const CeedInt     iBytes = qBytes * nnodes;
758   const CeedInt     gBytes = qBytes * nnodes * dim;
759   const CeedInt     eBytes = sizeof(CeedEvalMode);
760   const CeedScalar *interpin, *interpout, *gradin, *gradout;
761 
762   // CEED_EVAL_NONE
763   CeedScalar *identity = NULL;
764   bool        evalNone = false;
765   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < numemodein; i++) evalNone = evalNone || (emodein[i] == CEED_EVAL_NONE);
766   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < numemodeout; i++) evalNone = evalNone || (emodeout[i] == CEED_EVAL_NONE);
767   if (evalNone) {
768     CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(nqpts * nnodes, &identity));
769     for (CeedInt i = 0; i < (nnodes < nqpts ? nnodes : nqpts); i++) identity[i * nnodes + i] = 1.0;
770     CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMalloc((void **)&diag->d_identity, iBytes));
771     CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMemcpy(diag->d_identity, identity, iBytes, hipMemcpyHostToDevice));
772   }
773 
774   // CEED_EVAL_INTERP
775   CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetInterp(basisin, &interpin));
776   CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMalloc((void **)&diag->d_interpin, iBytes));
777   CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMemcpy(diag->d_interpin, interpin, iBytes, hipMemcpyHostToDevice));
778   CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetInterp(basisout, &interpout));
779   CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMalloc((void **)&diag->d_interpout, iBytes));
780   CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMemcpy(diag->d_interpout, interpout, iBytes, hipMemcpyHostToDevice));
781 
782   // CEED_EVAL_GRAD
783   CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetGrad(basisin, &gradin));
784   CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMalloc((void **)&diag->d_gradin, gBytes));
785   CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMemcpy(diag->d_gradin, gradin, gBytes, hipMemcpyHostToDevice));
786   CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetGrad(basisout, &gradout));
787   CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMalloc((void **)&diag->d_gradout, gBytes));
788   CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMemcpy(diag->d_gradout, gradout, gBytes, hipMemcpyHostToDevice));
789 
790   // Arrays of emodes
791   CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMalloc((void **)&diag->d_emodein, numemodein * eBytes));
792   CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMemcpy(diag->d_emodein, emodein, numemodein * eBytes, hipMemcpyHostToDevice));
793   CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMalloc((void **)&diag->d_emodeout, numemodeout * eBytes));
794   CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMemcpy(diag->d_emodeout, emodeout, numemodeout * eBytes, hipMemcpyHostToDevice));
795 
796   // Restriction
797   diag->diagrstr = rstrout;
798 
799   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
800 }
801 
802 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
803 // Assemble diagonal common code
804 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
805 static inline int CeedOperatorAssembleDiagonalCore_Hip(CeedOperator op, CeedVector assembled, CeedRequest *request, const bool pointBlock) {
806   Ceed ceed;
807   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetCeed(op, &ceed));
808   CeedOperator_Hip *impl;
809   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetData(op, &impl));
810 
811   // Assemble QFunction
812   CeedVector          assembledqf;
813   CeedElemRestriction rstr;
814   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorLinearAssembleQFunctionBuildOrUpdate(op, &assembledqf, &rstr, request));
815   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&rstr));
816 
817   // Setup
818   if (!impl->diag) CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorAssembleDiagonalSetup_Hip(op, pointBlock));
819   CeedOperatorDiag_Hip *diag = impl->diag;
820   assert(diag != NULL);
821 
822   // Restriction
823   if (pointBlock && !diag->pbdiagrstr) {
824     CeedElemRestriction pbdiagrstr;
825     CeedCallBackend(CreatePBRestriction(diag->diagrstr, &pbdiagrstr));
826     diag->pbdiagrstr = pbdiagrstr;
827   }
828   CeedElemRestriction diagrstr = pointBlock ? diag->pbdiagrstr : diag->diagrstr;
829 
830   // Create diagonal vector
831   CeedVector elemdiag = pointBlock ? diag->pbelemdiag : diag->elemdiag;
832   if (!elemdiag) {
833     // Element diagonal vector
834     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionCreateVector(diagrstr, NULL, &elemdiag));
835     if (pointBlock) diag->pbelemdiag = elemdiag;
836     else diag->elemdiag = elemdiag;
837   }
838   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorSetValue(elemdiag, 0.0));
839 
840   // Assemble element operator diagonals
841   CeedScalar       *elemdiagarray;
842   const CeedScalar *assembledqfarray;
843   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetArray(elemdiag, CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &elemdiagarray));
844   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetArrayRead(assembledqf, CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &assembledqfarray));
845   CeedInt nelem;
846   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetNumElements(diagrstr, &nelem));
847 
848   // Compute the diagonal of B^T D B
849   int   elemsPerBlock = 1;
850   int   grid          = nelem / elemsPerBlock + ((nelem / elemsPerBlock * elemsPerBlock < nelem) ? 1 : 0);
851   void *args[]        = {(void *)&nelem,   &diag->d_identity, &diag->d_interpin, &diag->d_gradin,   &diag->d_interpout,
852                          &diag->d_gradout, &diag->d_emodein,  &diag->d_emodeout, &assembledqfarray, &elemdiagarray};
853   if (pointBlock) {
854     CeedCallBackend(CeedRunKernelDimHip(ceed, diag->linearPointBlock, grid, diag->nnodes, 1, elemsPerBlock, args));
855   } else {
856     CeedCallBackend(CeedRunKernelDimHip(ceed, diag->linearDiagonal, grid, diag->nnodes, 1, elemsPerBlock, args));
857   }
858 
859   // Restore arrays
860   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorRestoreArray(elemdiag, &elemdiagarray));
861   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorRestoreArrayRead(assembledqf, &assembledqfarray));
862 
863   // Assemble local operator diagonal
864   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionApply(diagrstr, CEED_TRANSPOSE, elemdiag, assembled, request));
865 
866   // Cleanup
867   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&assembledqf));
868 
869   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
870 }
871 
872 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
873 // Assemble Linear Diagonal
874 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
875 static int CeedOperatorLinearAssembleAddDiagonal_Hip(CeedOperator op, CeedVector assembled, CeedRequest *request) {
876   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorAssembleDiagonalCore_Hip(op, assembled, request, false));
877   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
878 }
879 
880 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
881 // Assemble Linear Point Block Diagonal
882 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
883 static int CeedOperatorLinearAssembleAddPointBlockDiagonal_Hip(CeedOperator op, CeedVector assembled, CeedRequest *request) {
884   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorAssembleDiagonalCore_Hip(op, assembled, request, true));
885   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
886 }
887 
888 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
889 // Single operator assembly setup
890 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
891 static int CeedSingleOperatorAssembleSetup_Hip(CeedOperator op) {
892   Ceed ceed;
893   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetCeed(op, &ceed));
894   CeedOperator_Hip *impl;
895   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetData(op, &impl));
896 
897   // Get intput and output fields
898   CeedInt            num_input_fields, num_output_fields;
899   CeedOperatorField *input_fields;
900   CeedOperatorField *output_fields;
901   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetFields(op, &num_input_fields, &input_fields, &num_output_fields, &output_fields));
902 
903   // Determine active input basis eval mode
904   CeedQFunction qf;
905   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetQFunction(op, &qf));
906   CeedQFunctionField *qf_fields;
907   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionGetFields(qf, NULL, &qf_fields, NULL, NULL));
908   // Note that the kernel will treat each dimension of a gradient action separately;
909   // i.e., when an active input has a CEED_EVAL_GRAD mode, num_emode_in will increment
910   // by dim.  However, for the purposes of loading the B matrices, it will be treated
911   // as one mode, and we will load/copy the entire gradient matrix at once, so
912   // num_B_in_mats_to_load will be incremented by 1.
913   CeedInt             num_emode_in = 0, dim = 1, num_B_in_mats_to_load = 0, size_B_in = 0;
914   CeedEvalMode       *eval_mode_in = NULL;  // will be of size num_B_in_mats_load
915   CeedBasis           basis_in     = NULL;
916   CeedInt             nqpts = 0, esize = 0;
917   CeedElemRestriction rstr_in = NULL;
918   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_input_fields; i++) {
919     CeedVector vec;
920     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(input_fields[i], &vec));
921     if (vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) {
922       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(input_fields[i], &basis_in));
923       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetDimension(basis_in, &dim));
924       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadraturePoints(basis_in, &nqpts));
925       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(input_fields[i], &rstr_in));
926       CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetElementSize(rstr_in, &esize));
927       CeedEvalMode eval_mode;
928       CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_fields[i], &eval_mode));
929       if (eval_mode != CEED_EVAL_NONE) {
930         CeedCallBackend(CeedRealloc(num_B_in_mats_to_load + 1, &eval_mode_in));
931         eval_mode_in[num_B_in_mats_to_load] = eval_mode;
932         num_B_in_mats_to_load += 1;
933         if (eval_mode == CEED_EVAL_GRAD) {
934           num_emode_in += dim;
935           size_B_in += dim * esize * nqpts;
936         } else {
937           num_emode_in += 1;
938           size_B_in += esize * nqpts;
939         }
940       }
941     }
942   }
943 
944   // Determine active output basis; basis_out and rstr_out only used if same as input, TODO
945   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionGetFields(qf, NULL, NULL, NULL, &qf_fields));
946   CeedInt             num_emode_out = 0, num_B_out_mats_to_load = 0, size_B_out = 0;
947   CeedEvalMode       *eval_mode_out = NULL;
948   CeedBasis           basis_out     = NULL;
949   CeedElemRestriction rstr_out      = NULL;
950   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_output_fields; i++) {
951     CeedVector vec;
952     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(output_fields[i], &vec));
953     if (vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) {
954       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(output_fields[i], &basis_out));
955       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(output_fields[i], &rstr_out));
956       if (rstr_out && rstr_out != rstr_in) {
957         // LCOV_EXCL_START
958         return CeedError(ceed, CEED_ERROR_BACKEND, "Backend does not implement multi-field non-composite operator assembly");
959         // LCOV_EXCL_STOP
960       }
961       CeedEvalMode eval_mode;
962       CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_fields[i], &eval_mode));
963       if (eval_mode != CEED_EVAL_NONE) {
964         CeedCallBackend(CeedRealloc(num_B_out_mats_to_load + 1, &eval_mode_out));
965         eval_mode_out[num_B_out_mats_to_load] = eval_mode;
966         num_B_out_mats_to_load += 1;
967         if (eval_mode == CEED_EVAL_GRAD) {
968           num_emode_out += dim;
969           size_B_out += dim * esize * nqpts;
970         } else {
971           num_emode_out += 1;
972           size_B_out += esize * nqpts;
973         }
974       }
975     }
976   }
977 
978   if (num_emode_in == 0 || num_emode_out == 0) {
979     // LCOV_EXCL_START
980     return CeedError(ceed, CEED_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED, "Cannot assemble operator without inputs/outputs");
981     // LCOV_EXCL_STOP
982   }
983 
984   CeedInt nelem, ncomp;
985   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetNumElements(rstr_in, &nelem));
986   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetNumComponents(rstr_in, &ncomp));
987 
988   CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(1, &impl->asmb));
989   CeedOperatorAssemble_Hip *asmb = impl->asmb;
990   asmb->nelem                    = nelem;
991 
992   // Compile kernels
993   int elemsPerBlock   = 1;
994   asmb->elemsPerBlock = elemsPerBlock;
995   CeedInt block_size  = esize * esize * elemsPerBlock;
996   char   *assembly_kernel_path, *assembly_kernel_source;
997   CeedCallBackend(CeedGetJitAbsolutePath(ceed, "ceed/jit-source/hip/hip-ref-operator-assemble.h", &assembly_kernel_path));
998   CeedDebug256(ceed, 2, "----- Loading Assembly Kernel Source -----\n");
999   CeedCallBackend(CeedLoadSourceToBuffer(ceed, assembly_kernel_path, &assembly_kernel_source));
1000   CeedDebug256(ceed, 2, "----- Loading Assembly Source Complete! -----\n");
1001   bool fallback = block_size > 1024;
1002   if (fallback) {  // Use fallback kernel with 1D threadblock
1003     block_size         = esize * elemsPerBlock;
1004     asmb->block_size_x = esize;
1005     asmb->block_size_y = 1;
1006   } else {  // Use kernel with 2D threadblock
1007     asmb->block_size_x = esize;
1008     asmb->block_size_y = esize;
1009   }
1010   CeedCallBackend(CeedCompileHip(ceed, assembly_kernel_source, &asmb->module, 7, "NELEM", nelem, "NUMEMODEIN", num_emode_in, "NUMEMODEOUT",
1011                                  num_emode_out, "NQPTS", nqpts, "NNODES", esize, "BLOCK_SIZE", block_size, "NCOMP", ncomp));
1012   CeedCallBackend(CeedGetKernelHip(ceed, asmb->module, fallback ? "linearAssembleFallback" : "linearAssemble", &asmb->linearAssemble));
1013   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&assembly_kernel_path));
1014   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&assembly_kernel_source));
1015 
1016   // Build 'full' B matrices (not 1D arrays used for tensor-product matrices)
1017   const CeedScalar *interp_in, *grad_in;
1018   CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetInterp(basis_in, &interp_in));
1019   CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetGrad(basis_in, &grad_in));
1020 
1021   // Load into B_in, in order that they will be used in eval_mode
1022   const CeedInt inBytes   = size_B_in * sizeof(CeedScalar);
1023   CeedInt       mat_start = 0;
1024   CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMalloc((void **)&asmb->d_B_in, inBytes));
1025   for (int i = 0; i < num_B_in_mats_to_load; i++) {
1026     CeedEvalMode eval_mode = eval_mode_in[i];
1027     if (eval_mode == CEED_EVAL_INTERP) {
1028       CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMemcpy(&asmb->d_B_in[mat_start], interp_in, esize * nqpts * sizeof(CeedScalar), hipMemcpyHostToDevice));
1029       mat_start += esize * nqpts;
1030     } else if (eval_mode == CEED_EVAL_GRAD) {
1031       CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMemcpy(&asmb->d_B_in[mat_start], grad_in, dim * esize * nqpts * sizeof(CeedScalar), hipMemcpyHostToDevice));
1032       mat_start += dim * esize * nqpts;
1033     }
1034   }
1035 
1036   const CeedScalar *interp_out, *grad_out;
1037   // Note that this function currently assumes 1 basis, so this should always be true
1038   // for now
1039   if (basis_out == basis_in) {
1040     interp_out = interp_in;
1041     grad_out   = grad_in;
1042   } else {
1043     CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetInterp(basis_out, &interp_out));
1044     CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetGrad(basis_out, &grad_out));
1045   }
1046 
1047   // Load into B_out, in order that they will be used in eval_mode
1048   const CeedInt outBytes = size_B_out * sizeof(CeedScalar);
1049   mat_start              = 0;
1050   CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMalloc((void **)&asmb->d_B_out, outBytes));
1051   for (int i = 0; i < num_B_out_mats_to_load; i++) {
1052     CeedEvalMode eval_mode = eval_mode_out[i];
1053     if (eval_mode == CEED_EVAL_INTERP) {
1054       CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMemcpy(&asmb->d_B_out[mat_start], interp_out, esize * nqpts * sizeof(CeedScalar), hipMemcpyHostToDevice));
1055       mat_start += esize * nqpts;
1056     } else if (eval_mode == CEED_EVAL_GRAD) {
1057       CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMemcpy(&asmb->d_B_out[mat_start], grad_out, dim * esize * nqpts * sizeof(CeedScalar), hipMemcpyHostToDevice));
1058       mat_start += dim * esize * nqpts;
1059     }
1060   }
1061   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
1062 }
1063 
1064 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1065 // Assemble matrix data for COO matrix of assembled operator.
1066 // The sparsity pattern is set by CeedOperatorLinearAssembleSymbolic.
1067 //
1068 // Note that this (and other assembly routines) currently assume only one
1069 // active input restriction/basis per operator (could have multiple basis eval
1070 // modes).
1071 // TODO: allow multiple active input restrictions/basis objects
1072 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1073 static int CeedSingleOperatorAssemble_Hip(CeedOperator op, CeedInt offset, CeedVector values) {
1074   Ceed ceed;
1075   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetCeed(op, &ceed));
1076   CeedOperator_Hip *impl;
1077   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetData(op, &impl));
1078 
1079   // Setup
1080   if (!impl->asmb) {
1081     CeedCallBackend(CeedSingleOperatorAssembleSetup_Hip(op));
1082     assert(impl->asmb != NULL);
1083   }
1084 
1085   // Assemble QFunction
1086   CeedVector          assembled_qf;
1087   CeedElemRestriction rstr_q;
1088   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorLinearAssembleQFunctionBuildOrUpdate(op, &assembled_qf, &rstr_q, CEED_REQUEST_IMMEDIATE));
1089   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&rstr_q));
1090   CeedScalar *values_array;
1091   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetArrayWrite(values, CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &values_array));
1092   values_array += offset;
1093   const CeedScalar *qf_array;
1094   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetArrayRead(assembled_qf, CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &qf_array));
1095 
1096   // Compute B^T D B
1097   const CeedInt nelem         = impl->asmb->nelem;  // to satisfy clang-tidy
1098   const CeedInt elemsPerBlock = impl->asmb->elemsPerBlock;
1099   const CeedInt grid          = nelem / elemsPerBlock + ((nelem / elemsPerBlock * elemsPerBlock < nelem) ? 1 : 0);
1100   void         *args[]        = {&impl->asmb->d_B_in, &impl->asmb->d_B_out, &qf_array, &values_array};
1101   CeedCallBackend(
1102       CeedRunKernelDimHip(ceed, impl->asmb->linearAssemble, grid, impl->asmb->block_size_x, impl->asmb->block_size_y, elemsPerBlock, args));
1103 
1104   // Restore arrays
1105   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorRestoreArray(values, &values_array));
1106   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorRestoreArrayRead(assembled_qf, &qf_array));
1107 
1108   // Cleanup
1109   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&assembled_qf));
1110 
1111   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
1112 }
1113 
1114 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1115 // Create operator
1116 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1117 int CeedOperatorCreate_Hip(CeedOperator op) {
1118   Ceed ceed;
1119   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetCeed(op, &ceed));
1120   CeedOperator_Hip *impl;
1121 
1122   CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(1, &impl));
1123   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorSetData(op, impl));
1124 
1125   CeedCallBackend(CeedSetBackendFunction(ceed, "Operator", op, "LinearAssembleQFunction", CeedOperatorLinearAssembleQFunction_Hip));
1126   CeedCallBackend(CeedSetBackendFunction(ceed, "Operator", op, "LinearAssembleQFunctionUpdate", CeedOperatorLinearAssembleQFunctionUpdate_Hip));
1127   CeedCallBackend(CeedSetBackendFunction(ceed, "Operator", op, "LinearAssembleAddDiagonal", CeedOperatorLinearAssembleAddDiagonal_Hip));
1128   CeedCallBackend(
1129       CeedSetBackendFunction(ceed, "Operator", op, "LinearAssembleAddPointBlockDiagonal", CeedOperatorLinearAssembleAddPointBlockDiagonal_Hip));
1130   CeedCallBackend(CeedSetBackendFunction(ceed, "Operator", op, "LinearAssembleSingle", CeedSingleOperatorAssemble_Hip));
1131   CeedCallBackend(CeedSetBackendFunction(ceed, "Operator", op, "ApplyAdd", CeedOperatorApplyAdd_Hip));
1132   CeedCallBackend(CeedSetBackendFunction(ceed, "Operator", op, "Destroy", CeedOperatorDestroy_Hip));
1133   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
1134 }
1135 
1136 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1137