xref: /libCEED/backends/hip-ref/ceed-hip-ref-operator.c (revision 43e13fee434cb91795700b4c22c1d8174b8fa174)
1 // Copyright (c) 2017-2024, Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC and other CEED contributors.
2 // All Rights Reserved. See the top-level LICENSE and NOTICE files for details.
3 //
4 // SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
5 //
6 // This file is part of CEED:  http://github.com/ceed
7 
8 #include <ceed.h>
9 #include <ceed/backend.h>
10 #include <ceed/jit-tools.h>
11 #include <assert.h>
12 #include <stdbool.h>
13 #include <string.h>
14 #include <hip/hip_runtime.h>
15 
16 #include "../hip/ceed-hip-common.h"
17 #include "../hip/ceed-hip-compile.h"
18 #include "ceed-hip-ref.h"
19 
20 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
21 // Destroy operator
22 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
23 static int CeedOperatorDestroy_Hip(CeedOperator op) {
24   CeedOperator_Hip *impl;
25 
26   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetData(op, &impl));
27 
28   // Apply data
29   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&impl->num_points));
30   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&impl->skip_rstr_in));
31   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&impl->skip_rstr_out));
32   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&impl->apply_add_basis_out));
33   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < impl->num_inputs + impl->num_outputs; i++) {
34     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&impl->e_vecs[i]));
35   }
36   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&impl->e_vecs));
37   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&impl->input_states));
38 
39   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < impl->num_inputs; i++) {
40     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&impl->q_vecs_in[i]));
41   }
42   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&impl->q_vecs_in));
43 
44   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < impl->num_outputs; i++) {
45     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&impl->q_vecs_out[i]));
46   }
47   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&impl->q_vecs_out));
48   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&impl->point_coords_elem));
49 
50   // QFunction assembly data
51   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < impl->num_active_in; i++) {
52     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&impl->qf_active_in[i]));
53   }
54   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&impl->qf_active_in));
55 
56   // Diag data
57   if (impl->diag) {
58     Ceed ceed;
59 
60     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetCeed(op, &ceed));
61     if (impl->diag->module) {
62       CeedCallHip(ceed, hipModuleUnload(impl->diag->module));
63     }
64     if (impl->diag->module_point_block) {
65       CeedCallHip(ceed, hipModuleUnload(impl->diag->module_point_block));
66     }
67     CeedCallHip(ceed, hipFree(impl->diag->d_eval_modes_in));
68     CeedCallHip(ceed, hipFree(impl->diag->d_eval_modes_out));
69     CeedCallHip(ceed, hipFree(impl->diag->d_identity));
70     CeedCallHip(ceed, hipFree(impl->diag->d_interp_in));
71     CeedCallHip(ceed, hipFree(impl->diag->d_interp_out));
72     CeedCallHip(ceed, hipFree(impl->diag->d_grad_in));
73     CeedCallHip(ceed, hipFree(impl->diag->d_grad_out));
74     CeedCallHip(ceed, hipFree(impl->diag->d_div_in));
75     CeedCallHip(ceed, hipFree(impl->diag->d_div_out));
76     CeedCallHip(ceed, hipFree(impl->diag->d_curl_in));
77     CeedCallHip(ceed, hipFree(impl->diag->d_curl_out));
78     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&impl->diag->diag_rstr));
79     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&impl->diag->point_block_diag_rstr));
80     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&impl->diag->elem_diag));
81     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&impl->diag->point_block_elem_diag));
82   }
83   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&impl->diag));
84 
85   if (impl->asmb) {
86     Ceed ceed;
87 
88     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetCeed(op, &ceed));
89     CeedCallHip(ceed, hipModuleUnload(impl->asmb->module));
90     CeedCallHip(ceed, hipFree(impl->asmb->d_B_in));
91     CeedCallHip(ceed, hipFree(impl->asmb->d_B_out));
92   }
93   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&impl->asmb));
94 
95   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&impl));
96   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
97 }
98 
99 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
100 // Setup infields or outfields
101 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
102 static int CeedOperatorSetupFields_Hip(CeedQFunction qf, CeedOperator op, bool is_input, bool is_at_points, bool *skip_rstr, bool *apply_add_basis,
103                                        CeedVector *e_vecs, CeedVector *q_vecs, CeedInt start_e, CeedInt num_fields, CeedInt Q, CeedInt num_elem) {
104   Ceed                ceed;
105   CeedQFunctionField *qf_fields;
106   CeedOperatorField  *op_fields;
107 
108   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetCeed(op, &ceed));
109   if (is_input) {
110     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetFields(op, NULL, &op_fields, NULL, NULL));
111     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionGetFields(qf, NULL, &qf_fields, NULL, NULL));
112   } else {
113     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetFields(op, NULL, NULL, NULL, &op_fields));
114     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionGetFields(qf, NULL, NULL, NULL, &qf_fields));
115   }
116 
117   // Loop over fields
118   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_fields; i++) {
119     bool         is_strided = false, skip_restriction = false;
120     CeedSize     q_size;
121     CeedInt      size;
122     CeedEvalMode eval_mode;
123     CeedBasis    basis;
124 
125     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_fields[i], &eval_mode));
126     if (eval_mode != CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT) {
127       CeedElemRestriction elem_rstr;
128 
129       // Check whether this field can skip the element restriction:
130       // Must be passive input, with eval_mode NONE, and have a strided restriction with CEED_STRIDES_BACKEND.
131       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(op_fields[i], &elem_rstr));
132 
133       // First, check whether the field is input or output:
134       if (is_input) {
135         CeedVector vec;
136 
137         // Check for passive input
138         CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_fields[i], &vec));
139         if (vec != CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) {
140           // Check eval_mode
141           if (eval_mode == CEED_EVAL_NONE) {
142             // Check for strided restriction
143             CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionIsStrided(elem_rstr, &is_strided));
144             if (is_strided) {
145               // Check if vector is already in preferred backend ordering
146               CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionHasBackendStrides(elem_rstr, &skip_restriction));
147             }
148           }
149         }
150       }
151       if (skip_restriction) {
152         // We do not need an E-Vector, but will use the input field vector's data directly in the operator application.
153         e_vecs[i + start_e] = NULL;
154       } else {
155         CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionCreateVector(elem_rstr, NULL, &e_vecs[i + start_e]));
156       }
157     }
158 
159     switch (eval_mode) {
160       case CEED_EVAL_NONE:
161         CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetSize(qf_fields[i], &size));
162         q_size = (CeedSize)num_elem * Q * size;
163         CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorCreate(ceed, q_size, &q_vecs[i]));
164         break;
165       case CEED_EVAL_INTERP:
166       case CEED_EVAL_GRAD:
167       case CEED_EVAL_DIV:
168       case CEED_EVAL_CURL:
169         CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetSize(qf_fields[i], &size));
170         q_size = (CeedSize)num_elem * Q * size;
171         CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorCreate(ceed, q_size, &q_vecs[i]));
172         break;
173       case CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT:  // Only on input fields
174         CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(op_fields[i], &basis));
175         q_size = (CeedSize)num_elem * Q;
176         CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorCreate(ceed, q_size, &q_vecs[i]));
177         if (is_at_points) {
178           CeedInt num_points[num_elem];
179 
180           for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_elem; i++) num_points[i] = Q;
181           CeedCallBackend(
182               CeedBasisApplyAtPoints(basis, num_elem, num_points, CEED_NOTRANSPOSE, CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT, CEED_VECTOR_NONE, CEED_VECTOR_NONE, q_vecs[i]));
183         } else {
184           CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisApply(basis, num_elem, CEED_NOTRANSPOSE, CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT, CEED_VECTOR_NONE, q_vecs[i]));
185         }
186         break;
187     }
188   }
189   // Drop duplicate restrictions
190   if (is_input) {
191     for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_fields; i++) {
192       CeedVector          vec_i;
193       CeedElemRestriction rstr_i;
194 
195       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_fields[i], &vec_i));
196       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(op_fields[i], &rstr_i));
197       for (CeedInt j = i + 1; j < num_fields; j++) {
198         CeedVector          vec_j;
199         CeedElemRestriction rstr_j;
200 
201         CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_fields[j], &vec_j));
202         CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(op_fields[j], &rstr_j));
203         if (vec_i == vec_j && rstr_i == rstr_j) {
204           CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorReferenceCopy(e_vecs[i + start_e], &e_vecs[j + start_e]));
205           skip_rstr[j] = true;
206         }
207       }
208     }
209   } else {
210     for (CeedInt i = num_fields - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
211       CeedVector          vec_i;
212       CeedElemRestriction rstr_i;
213 
214       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_fields[i], &vec_i));
215       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(op_fields[i], &rstr_i));
216       for (CeedInt j = i - 1; j >= 0; j--) {
217         CeedVector          vec_j;
218         CeedElemRestriction rstr_j;
219 
220         CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_fields[j], &vec_j));
221         CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(op_fields[j], &rstr_j));
222         if (vec_i == vec_j && rstr_i == rstr_j) {
223           CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorReferenceCopy(e_vecs[i + start_e], &e_vecs[j + start_e]));
224           skip_rstr[j]       = true;
225           apply_add_basis[i] = true;
226         }
227       }
228     }
229   }
230   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
231 }
232 
233 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
234 // CeedOperator needs to connect all the named fields (be they active or passive) to the named inputs and outputs of its CeedQFunction.
235 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
236 static int CeedOperatorSetup_Hip(CeedOperator op) {
237   Ceed                ceed;
238   bool                is_setup_done;
239   CeedInt             Q, num_elem, num_input_fields, num_output_fields;
240   CeedQFunctionField *qf_input_fields, *qf_output_fields;
241   CeedQFunction       qf;
242   CeedOperatorField  *op_input_fields, *op_output_fields;
243   CeedOperator_Hip   *impl;
244 
245   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorIsSetupDone(op, &is_setup_done));
246   if (is_setup_done) return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
247 
248   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetCeed(op, &ceed));
249   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetData(op, &impl));
250   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetQFunction(op, &qf));
251   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetNumQuadraturePoints(op, &Q));
252   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetNumElements(op, &num_elem));
253   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetFields(op, &num_input_fields, &op_input_fields, &num_output_fields, &op_output_fields));
254   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionGetFields(qf, NULL, &qf_input_fields, NULL, &qf_output_fields));
255 
256   // Allocate
257   CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(num_input_fields + num_output_fields, &impl->e_vecs));
258   CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(CEED_FIELD_MAX, &impl->skip_rstr_in));
259   CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(CEED_FIELD_MAX, &impl->skip_rstr_out));
260   CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(CEED_FIELD_MAX, &impl->apply_add_basis_out));
261   CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(CEED_FIELD_MAX, &impl->input_states));
262   CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(CEED_FIELD_MAX, &impl->q_vecs_in));
263   CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(CEED_FIELD_MAX, &impl->q_vecs_out));
264   impl->num_inputs  = num_input_fields;
265   impl->num_outputs = num_output_fields;
266 
267   // Set up infield and outfield e-vecs and q-vecs
268   // Infields
269   CeedCallBackend(
270       CeedOperatorSetupFields_Hip(qf, op, true, false, impl->skip_rstr_in, NULL, impl->e_vecs, impl->q_vecs_in, 0, num_input_fields, Q, num_elem));
271   // Outfields
272   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorSetupFields_Hip(qf, op, false, false, impl->skip_rstr_out, impl->apply_add_basis_out, impl->e_vecs, impl->q_vecs_out,
273                                               num_input_fields, num_output_fields, Q, num_elem));
274 
275   // Reuse active e-vecs where able
276   {
277     CeedInt              num_used  = 0;
278     CeedElemRestriction *rstr_used = NULL;
279 
280     for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_input_fields; i++) {
281       bool                is_used = false;
282       CeedVector          vec_i;
283       CeedElemRestriction rstr_i;
284 
285       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_input_fields[i], &vec_i));
286       if (vec_i != CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) continue;
287       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(op_input_fields[i], &rstr_i));
288       for (CeedInt j = 0; j < num_used; j++) {
289         if (rstr_i == rstr_used[i]) is_used = true;
290       }
291       if (is_used) continue;
292       num_used++;
293       if (num_used == 1) CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(num_used, &rstr_used));
294       else CeedCallBackend(CeedRealloc(num_used, &rstr_used));
295       rstr_used[num_used - 1] = rstr_i;
296       for (CeedInt j = num_output_fields - 1; j >= 0; j--) {
297         CeedEvalMode        eval_mode;
298         CeedVector          vec_j;
299         CeedElemRestriction rstr_j;
300 
301         CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_output_fields[j], &vec_j));
302         if (vec_j != CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) continue;
303         CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_output_fields[j], &eval_mode));
304         if (eval_mode == CEED_EVAL_NONE) continue;
305         CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(op_output_fields[j], &rstr_j));
306         if (rstr_i == rstr_j) {
307           CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorReferenceCopy(impl->e_vecs[i], &impl->e_vecs[j + impl->num_inputs]));
308         }
309       }
310     }
311     CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&rstr_used));
312   }
313   impl->has_shared_e_vecs = true;
314   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorSetSetupDone(op));
315   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
316 }
317 
318 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
319 // Restrict Operator Inputs
320 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
321 static inline int CeedOperatorInputRestrict_Hip(CeedOperatorField op_input_field, CeedQFunctionField qf_input_field, CeedInt input_field,
322                                                 CeedVector in_vec, const bool skip_active, CeedScalar **e_data, CeedOperator_Hip *impl,
323                                                 CeedRequest *request) {
324   CeedEvalMode        eval_mode;
325   CeedVector          vec;
326   CeedElemRestriction elem_rstr;
327 
328   // Get input vector
329   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_input_field, &vec));
330   if (vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) {
331     if (skip_active) return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
332     else vec = in_vec;
333   }
334 
335   // Restriction action
336   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_input_field, &eval_mode));
337   if (eval_mode == CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT) {  // Skip
338   } else {
339     // Get input vector
340     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_input_field, &vec));
341     // Get input element restriction
342     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(op_input_field, &elem_rstr));
343     if (vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) vec = in_vec;
344     // Restrict, if necessary
345     if (!impl->e_vecs[input_field]) {
346       // No restriction for this field; read data directly from vec.
347       CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetArrayRead(vec, CEED_MEM_DEVICE, (const CeedScalar **)e_data));
348     } else {
349       uint64_t state;
350 
351       CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetState(vec, &state));
352       if ((state != impl->input_states[input_field] || vec == in_vec) && !impl->skip_rstr_in[input_field]) {
353         CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionApply(elem_rstr, CEED_NOTRANSPOSE, vec, impl->e_vecs[input_field], request));
354       }
355       impl->input_states[input_field] = state;
356       // Get evec
357       CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetArrayRead(impl->e_vecs[input_field], CEED_MEM_DEVICE, (const CeedScalar **)e_data));
358     }
359   }
360   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
361 }
362 
363 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
364 // Input Basis Action
365 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
366 static inline int CeedOperatorInputBasis_Hip(CeedOperatorField op_input_field, CeedQFunctionField qf_input_field, CeedInt input_field,
367                                              CeedInt num_elem, const bool skip_active, CeedScalar *e_data, CeedOperator_Hip *impl) {
368   CeedEvalMode eval_mode;
369 
370   // Skip active input
371   if (skip_active) {
372     CeedVector vec;
373 
374     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_input_field, &vec));
375     if (vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
376   }
377 
378   // Basis action
379   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_input_field, &eval_mode));
380   switch (eval_mode) {
381     case CEED_EVAL_NONE:
382       CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorSetArray(impl->q_vecs_in[input_field], CEED_MEM_DEVICE, CEED_USE_POINTER, e_data));
383       break;
384     case CEED_EVAL_INTERP:
385     case CEED_EVAL_GRAD:
386     case CEED_EVAL_DIV:
387     case CEED_EVAL_CURL: {
388       CeedBasis basis;
389 
390       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(op_input_field, &basis));
391       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisApply(basis, num_elem, CEED_NOTRANSPOSE, eval_mode, impl->e_vecs[input_field], impl->q_vecs_in[input_field]));
392       break;
393     }
394     case CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT:
395       break;  // No action
396   }
397   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
398 }
399 
400 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
401 // Restore Input Vectors
402 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
403 static inline int CeedOperatorInputRestore_Hip(CeedOperatorField op_input_field, CeedQFunctionField qf_input_field, CeedInt input_field,
404                                                const bool skip_active, CeedScalar **e_data, CeedOperator_Hip *impl) {
405   CeedEvalMode eval_mode;
406   CeedVector   vec;
407 
408   // Skip active input
409   if (skip_active) {
410     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_input_field, &vec));
411     if (vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
412   }
413 
414   // Restore e-vec
415   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_input_field, &eval_mode));
416   if (eval_mode == CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT) {  // Skip
417   } else {
418     if (!impl->e_vecs[input_field]) {  // This was a skip_restriction case
419       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_input_field, &vec));
420       CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorRestoreArrayRead(vec, (const CeedScalar **)e_data));
421     } else {
422       CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorRestoreArrayRead(impl->e_vecs[input_field], (const CeedScalar **)e_data));
423     }
424   }
425   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
426 }
427 
428 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
429 // Apply and add to output
430 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
431 static int CeedOperatorApplyAdd_Hip(CeedOperator op, CeedVector in_vec, CeedVector out_vec, CeedRequest *request) {
432   CeedInt             Q, num_elem, elem_size, num_input_fields, num_output_fields, size;
433   CeedScalar         *e_data[2 * CEED_FIELD_MAX] = {NULL};
434   CeedQFunctionField *qf_input_fields, *qf_output_fields;
435   CeedQFunction       qf;
436   CeedOperatorField  *op_input_fields, *op_output_fields;
437   CeedOperator_Hip   *impl;
438 
439   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetData(op, &impl));
440   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetQFunction(op, &qf));
441   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetNumQuadraturePoints(op, &Q));
442   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetNumElements(op, &num_elem));
443   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetFields(op, &num_input_fields, &op_input_fields, &num_output_fields, &op_output_fields));
444   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionGetFields(qf, NULL, &qf_input_fields, NULL, &qf_output_fields));
445 
446   // Setup
447   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorSetup_Hip(op));
448 
449   // Process inputs
450   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_input_fields; i++) {
451     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorInputRestrict_Hip(op_input_fields[i], qf_input_fields[i], i, in_vec, false, &e_data[i], impl, request));
452     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorInputBasis_Hip(op_input_fields[i], qf_input_fields[i], i, num_elem, false, e_data[i], impl));
453   }
454 
455   // Output pointers, as necessary
456   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_output_fields; i++) {
457     CeedEvalMode eval_mode;
458 
459     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_output_fields[i], &eval_mode));
460     if (eval_mode == CEED_EVAL_NONE) {
461       // Set the output Q-Vector to use the E-Vector data directly.
462       CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetArrayWrite(impl->e_vecs[i + impl->num_inputs], CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &e_data[i + num_input_fields]));
463       CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorSetArray(impl->q_vecs_out[i], CEED_MEM_DEVICE, CEED_USE_POINTER, e_data[i + num_input_fields]));
464     }
465   }
466 
467   // Q function
468   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionApply(qf, num_elem * Q, impl->q_vecs_in, impl->q_vecs_out));
469 
470   // Restore input arrays
471   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_input_fields; i++) {
472     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorInputRestore_Hip(op_input_fields[i], qf_input_fields[i], i, false, &e_data[i], impl));
473   }
474 
475   // Output basis apply if needed
476   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_output_fields; i++) {
477     CeedEvalMode        eval_mode;
478     CeedElemRestriction elem_rstr;
479     CeedBasis           basis;
480 
481     // Get elem_size, eval_mode, size
482     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(op_output_fields[i], &elem_rstr));
483     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetElementSize(elem_rstr, &elem_size));
484     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_output_fields[i], &eval_mode));
485     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetSize(qf_output_fields[i], &size));
486     // Basis action
487     switch (eval_mode) {
488       case CEED_EVAL_NONE:
489         break;  // No action
490       case CEED_EVAL_INTERP:
491       case CEED_EVAL_GRAD:
492       case CEED_EVAL_DIV:
493       case CEED_EVAL_CURL:
494         CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(op_output_fields[i], &basis));
495         if (impl->apply_add_basis_out[i]) {
496           CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisApplyAdd(basis, num_elem, CEED_TRANSPOSE, eval_mode, impl->q_vecs_out[i], impl->e_vecs[i + impl->num_inputs]));
497         } else {
498           CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisApply(basis, num_elem, CEED_TRANSPOSE, eval_mode, impl->q_vecs_out[i], impl->e_vecs[i + impl->num_inputs]));
499         }
500         break;
501       // LCOV_EXCL_START
502       case CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT: {
503         return CeedError(CeedOperatorReturnCeed(op), CEED_ERROR_BACKEND, "CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT cannot be an output evaluation mode");
504         // LCOV_EXCL_STOP
505       }
506     }
507   }
508 
509   // Output restriction
510   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_output_fields; i++) {
511     CeedEvalMode        eval_mode;
512     CeedVector          vec;
513     CeedElemRestriction elem_rstr;
514 
515     // Restore evec
516     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_output_fields[i], &eval_mode));
517     if (eval_mode == CEED_EVAL_NONE) {
518       CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorRestoreArray(impl->e_vecs[i + impl->num_inputs], &e_data[i + num_input_fields]));
519     }
520     if (impl->skip_rstr_out[i]) continue;
521     // Get output vector
522     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_output_fields[i], &vec));
523     // Restrict
524     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(op_output_fields[i], &elem_rstr));
525     // Active
526     if (vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) vec = out_vec;
527 
528     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionApply(elem_rstr, CEED_TRANSPOSE, impl->e_vecs[i + impl->num_inputs], vec, request));
529   }
530   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
531 }
532 
533 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
534 // CeedOperator needs to connect all the named fields (be they active or passive) to the named inputs and outputs of its CeedQFunction.
535 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
536 static int CeedOperatorSetupAtPoints_Hip(CeedOperator op) {
537   Ceed                ceed;
538   bool                is_setup_done;
539   CeedInt             max_num_points = -1, num_elem, num_input_fields, num_output_fields;
540   CeedQFunctionField *qf_input_fields, *qf_output_fields;
541   CeedQFunction       qf;
542   CeedOperatorField  *op_input_fields, *op_output_fields;
543   CeedOperator_Hip   *impl;
544 
545   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorIsSetupDone(op, &is_setup_done));
546   if (is_setup_done) return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
547 
548   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetCeed(op, &ceed));
549   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetData(op, &impl));
550   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetQFunction(op, &qf));
551   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetNumElements(op, &num_elem));
552   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetFields(op, &num_input_fields, &op_input_fields, &num_output_fields, &op_output_fields));
553   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionGetFields(qf, NULL, &qf_input_fields, NULL, &qf_output_fields));
554   {
555     CeedElemRestriction rstr_points = NULL;
556 
557     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorAtPointsGetPoints(op, &rstr_points, NULL));
558     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetMaxPointsInElement(rstr_points, &max_num_points));
559     CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(num_elem, &impl->num_points));
560     for (CeedInt e = 0; e < num_elem; e++) {
561       CeedInt num_points_elem;
562 
563       CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetNumPointsInElement(rstr_points, e, &num_points_elem));
564       impl->num_points[e] = num_points_elem;
565     }
566   }
567   impl->max_num_points = max_num_points;
568 
569   // Allocate
570   CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(num_input_fields + num_output_fields, &impl->e_vecs));
571   CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(CEED_FIELD_MAX, &impl->skip_rstr_in));
572   CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(CEED_FIELD_MAX, &impl->skip_rstr_out));
573   CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(CEED_FIELD_MAX, &impl->apply_add_basis_out));
574   CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(CEED_FIELD_MAX, &impl->input_states));
575   CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(CEED_FIELD_MAX, &impl->q_vecs_in));
576   CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(CEED_FIELD_MAX, &impl->q_vecs_out));
577   impl->num_inputs  = num_input_fields;
578   impl->num_outputs = num_output_fields;
579 
580   // Set up infield and outfield e-vecs and q-vecs
581   // Infields
582   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorSetupFields_Hip(qf, op, true, true, impl->skip_rstr_in, NULL, impl->e_vecs, impl->q_vecs_in, 0, num_input_fields,
583                                               max_num_points, num_elem));
584   // Outfields
585   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorSetupFields_Hip(qf, op, false, true, impl->skip_rstr_out, impl->apply_add_basis_out, impl->e_vecs, impl->q_vecs_out,
586                                               num_input_fields, num_output_fields, max_num_points, num_elem));
587 
588   // Reuse active e-vecs where able
589   {
590     CeedInt              num_used  = 0;
591     CeedElemRestriction *rstr_used = NULL;
592 
593     for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_input_fields; i++) {
594       bool                is_used = false;
595       CeedVector          vec_i;
596       CeedElemRestriction rstr_i;
597 
598       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_input_fields[i], &vec_i));
599       if (vec_i != CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) continue;
600       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(op_input_fields[i], &rstr_i));
601       for (CeedInt j = 0; j < num_used; j++) {
602         if (rstr_i == rstr_used[i]) is_used = true;
603       }
604       if (is_used) continue;
605       num_used++;
606       if (num_used == 1) CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(num_used, &rstr_used));
607       else CeedCallBackend(CeedRealloc(num_used, &rstr_used));
608       rstr_used[num_used - 1] = rstr_i;
609       for (CeedInt j = num_output_fields - 1; j >= 0; j--) {
610         CeedEvalMode        eval_mode;
611         CeedVector          vec_j;
612         CeedElemRestriction rstr_j;
613 
614         CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_output_fields[j], &vec_j));
615         if (vec_j != CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) continue;
616         CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_output_fields[j], &eval_mode));
617         if (eval_mode == CEED_EVAL_NONE) continue;
618         CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(op_output_fields[j], &rstr_j));
619         if (rstr_i == rstr_j) {
620           CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorReferenceCopy(impl->e_vecs[i], &impl->e_vecs[j + impl->num_inputs]));
621         }
622       }
623     }
624     CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&rstr_used));
625   }
626   impl->has_shared_e_vecs = true;
627   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorSetSetupDone(op));
628   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
629 }
630 
631 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
632 // Input Basis Action AtPoints
633 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
634 static inline int CeedOperatorInputBasisAtPoints_Hip(CeedOperatorField op_input_field, CeedQFunctionField qf_input_field, CeedInt input_field,
635                                                      CeedInt num_elem, const CeedInt *num_points, const bool skip_active, CeedScalar *e_data,
636                                                      CeedOperator_Hip *impl) {
637   CeedEvalMode eval_mode;
638 
639   // Skip active input
640   if (skip_active) {
641     CeedVector vec;
642 
643     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_input_field, &vec));
644     if (vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
645   }
646 
647   // Basis action
648   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_input_field, &eval_mode));
649   switch (eval_mode) {
650     case CEED_EVAL_NONE:
651       CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorSetArray(impl->q_vecs_in[input_field], CEED_MEM_DEVICE, CEED_USE_POINTER, e_data));
652       break;
653     case CEED_EVAL_INTERP:
654     case CEED_EVAL_GRAD:
655     case CEED_EVAL_DIV:
656     case CEED_EVAL_CURL: {
657       CeedBasis basis;
658 
659       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(op_input_field, &basis));
660       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisApplyAtPoints(basis, num_elem, num_points, CEED_NOTRANSPOSE, eval_mode, impl->point_coords_elem,
661                                              impl->e_vecs[input_field], impl->q_vecs_in[input_field]));
662       break;
663     }
664     case CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT:
665       break;  // No action
666   }
667   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
668 }
669 
670 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
671 // Apply and add to output AtPoints
672 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
673 static int CeedOperatorApplyAddAtPoints_Hip(CeedOperator op, CeedVector in_vec, CeedVector out_vec, CeedRequest *request) {
674   CeedInt             max_num_points, *num_points, num_elem, elem_size, num_input_fields, num_output_fields, size;
675   CeedScalar         *e_data[2 * CEED_FIELD_MAX] = {NULL};
676   CeedQFunctionField *qf_input_fields, *qf_output_fields;
677   CeedQFunction       qf;
678   CeedOperatorField  *op_input_fields, *op_output_fields;
679   CeedOperator_Hip   *impl;
680 
681   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetData(op, &impl));
682   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetQFunction(op, &qf));
683   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetNumElements(op, &num_elem));
684   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetFields(op, &num_input_fields, &op_input_fields, &num_output_fields, &op_output_fields));
685   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionGetFields(qf, NULL, &qf_input_fields, NULL, &qf_output_fields));
686 
687   // Setup
688   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorSetupAtPoints_Hip(op));
689   num_points     = impl->num_points;
690   max_num_points = impl->max_num_points;
691 
692   // Get point coordinates
693   if (!impl->point_coords_elem) {
694     CeedVector          point_coords = NULL;
695     CeedElemRestriction rstr_points  = NULL;
696 
697     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorAtPointsGetPoints(op, &rstr_points, &point_coords));
698     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionCreateVector(rstr_points, NULL, &impl->point_coords_elem));
699     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionApply(rstr_points, CEED_NOTRANSPOSE, point_coords, impl->point_coords_elem, request));
700   }
701 
702   // Process inputs
703   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_input_fields; i++) {
704     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorInputRestrict_Hip(op_input_fields[i], qf_input_fields[i], i, in_vec, false, &e_data[i], impl, request));
705     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorInputBasisAtPoints_Hip(op_input_fields[i], qf_input_fields[i], i, num_elem, num_points, false, e_data[i], impl));
706   }
707 
708   // Output pointers, as necessary
709   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_output_fields; i++) {
710     CeedEvalMode eval_mode;
711 
712     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_output_fields[i], &eval_mode));
713     if (eval_mode == CEED_EVAL_NONE) {
714       // Set the output Q-Vector to use the E-Vector data directly.
715       CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetArrayWrite(impl->e_vecs[i + impl->num_inputs], CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &e_data[i + num_input_fields]));
716       CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorSetArray(impl->q_vecs_out[i], CEED_MEM_DEVICE, CEED_USE_POINTER, e_data[i + num_input_fields]));
717     }
718   }
719 
720   // Q function
721   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionApply(qf, num_elem * max_num_points, impl->q_vecs_in, impl->q_vecs_out));
722 
723   // Restore input arrays
724   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_input_fields; i++) {
725     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorInputRestore_Hip(op_input_fields[i], qf_input_fields[i], i, false, &e_data[i], impl));
726   }
727 
728   // Output basis apply if needed
729   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_output_fields; i++) {
730     CeedEvalMode        eval_mode;
731     CeedElemRestriction elem_rstr;
732     CeedBasis           basis;
733 
734     // Get elem_size, eval_mode, size
735     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(op_output_fields[i], &elem_rstr));
736     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetElementSize(elem_rstr, &elem_size));
737     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_output_fields[i], &eval_mode));
738     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetSize(qf_output_fields[i], &size));
739     // Basis action
740     switch (eval_mode) {
741       case CEED_EVAL_NONE:
742         break;  // No action
743       case CEED_EVAL_INTERP:
744       case CEED_EVAL_GRAD:
745       case CEED_EVAL_DIV:
746       case CEED_EVAL_CURL:
747         CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(op_output_fields[i], &basis));
748         if (impl->apply_add_basis_out[i]) {
749           CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisApplyAddAtPoints(basis, num_elem, num_points, CEED_TRANSPOSE, eval_mode, impl->point_coords_elem,
750                                                     impl->q_vecs_out[i], impl->e_vecs[i + impl->num_inputs]));
751         } else {
752           CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisApplyAtPoints(basis, num_elem, num_points, CEED_TRANSPOSE, eval_mode, impl->point_coords_elem, impl->q_vecs_out[i],
753                                                  impl->e_vecs[i + impl->num_inputs]));
754         }
755         break;
756       // LCOV_EXCL_START
757       case CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT: {
758         return CeedError(CeedOperatorReturnCeed(op), CEED_ERROR_BACKEND, "CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT cannot be an output evaluation mode");
759         // LCOV_EXCL_STOP
760       }
761     }
762   }
763 
764   // Output restriction
765   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_output_fields; i++) {
766     CeedEvalMode        eval_mode;
767     CeedVector          vec;
768     CeedElemRestriction elem_rstr;
769 
770     // Restore evec
771     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_output_fields[i], &eval_mode));
772     if (eval_mode == CEED_EVAL_NONE) {
773       CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorRestoreArray(impl->e_vecs[i + impl->num_inputs], &e_data[i + num_input_fields]));
774     }
775     if (impl->skip_rstr_out[i]) continue;
776     // Get output vector
777     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_output_fields[i], &vec));
778     // Restrict
779     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(op_output_fields[i], &elem_rstr));
780     // Active
781     if (vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) vec = out_vec;
782 
783     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionApply(elem_rstr, CEED_TRANSPOSE, impl->e_vecs[i + impl->num_inputs], vec, request));
784   }
785   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
786 }
787 
788 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
789 // Linear QFunction Assembly Core
790 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
791 static inline int CeedOperatorLinearAssembleQFunctionCore_Hip(CeedOperator op, bool build_objects, CeedVector *assembled, CeedElemRestriction *rstr,
792                                                               CeedRequest *request) {
793   Ceed                ceed, ceed_parent;
794   CeedInt             num_active_in, num_active_out, Q, num_elem, num_input_fields, num_output_fields, size;
795   CeedScalar         *assembled_array, *e_data[2 * CEED_FIELD_MAX] = {NULL};
796   CeedVector         *active_inputs;
797   CeedQFunctionField *qf_input_fields, *qf_output_fields;
798   CeedQFunction       qf;
799   CeedOperatorField  *op_input_fields, *op_output_fields;
800   CeedOperator_Hip   *impl;
801 
802   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetCeed(op, &ceed));
803   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetFallbackParentCeed(op, &ceed_parent));
804   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetData(op, &impl));
805   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetNumQuadraturePoints(op, &Q));
806   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetNumElements(op, &num_elem));
807   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetQFunction(op, &qf));
808   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionGetFields(qf, NULL, &qf_input_fields, NULL, &qf_output_fields));
809   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetFields(op, &num_input_fields, &op_input_fields, &num_output_fields, &op_output_fields));
810   active_inputs = impl->qf_active_in;
811   num_active_in = impl->num_active_in, num_active_out = impl->num_active_out;
812 
813   // Setup
814   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorSetup_Hip(op));
815 
816   // Input Evecs and Restriction
817   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_input_fields; i++) {
818     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorInputRestrict_Hip(op_input_fields[i], qf_input_fields[i], i, NULL, true, &e_data[i], impl, request));
819   }
820 
821   // Count number of active input fields
822   if (!num_active_in) {
823     for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_input_fields; i++) {
824       CeedScalar *q_vec_array;
825       CeedVector  vec;
826 
827       // Get input vector
828       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_input_fields[i], &vec));
829       // Check if active input
830       if (vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) {
831         CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetSize(qf_input_fields[i], &size));
832         CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorSetValue(impl->q_vecs_in[i], 0.0));
833         CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetArray(impl->q_vecs_in[i], CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &q_vec_array));
834         CeedCallBackend(CeedRealloc(num_active_in + size, &active_inputs));
835         for (CeedInt field = 0; field < size; field++) {
836           CeedSize q_size = (CeedSize)Q * num_elem;
837 
838           CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorCreate(ceed, q_size, &active_inputs[num_active_in + field]));
839           CeedCallBackend(
840               CeedVectorSetArray(active_inputs[num_active_in + field], CEED_MEM_DEVICE, CEED_USE_POINTER, &q_vec_array[field * Q * num_elem]));
841         }
842         num_active_in += size;
843         CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorRestoreArray(impl->q_vecs_in[i], &q_vec_array));
844       }
845     }
846     impl->num_active_in = num_active_in;
847     impl->qf_active_in  = active_inputs;
848   }
849 
850   // Count number of active output fields
851   if (!num_active_out) {
852     for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_output_fields; i++) {
853       CeedVector vec;
854 
855       // Get output vector
856       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_output_fields[i], &vec));
857       // Check if active output
858       if (vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) {
859         CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetSize(qf_output_fields[i], &size));
860         num_active_out += size;
861       }
862     }
863     impl->num_active_out = num_active_out;
864   }
865 
866   // Check sizes
867   CeedCheck(num_active_in > 0 && num_active_out > 0, ceed, CEED_ERROR_BACKEND, "Cannot assemble QFunction without active inputs and outputs");
868 
869   // Build objects if needed
870   if (build_objects) {
871     CeedSize l_size     = (CeedSize)num_elem * Q * num_active_in * num_active_out;
872     CeedInt  strides[3] = {1, num_elem * Q, Q}; /* *NOPAD* */
873 
874     // Create output restriction
875     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionCreateStrided(ceed_parent, num_elem, Q, num_active_in * num_active_out,
876                                                      (CeedSize)num_active_in * (CeedSize)num_active_out * (CeedSize)num_elem * (CeedSize)Q, strides,
877                                                      rstr));
878     // Create assembled vector
879     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorCreate(ceed_parent, l_size, assembled));
880   }
881   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorSetValue(*assembled, 0.0));
882   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetArray(*assembled, CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &assembled_array));
883 
884   // Input basis apply
885   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_input_fields; i++) {
886     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorInputBasis_Hip(op_input_fields[i], qf_input_fields[i], i, num_elem, true, e_data[i], impl));
887   }
888 
889   // Assemble QFunction
890   for (CeedInt in = 0; in < num_active_in; in++) {
891     // Set Inputs
892     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorSetValue(active_inputs[in], 1.0));
893     if (num_active_in > 1) {
894       CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorSetValue(active_inputs[(in + num_active_in - 1) % num_active_in], 0.0));
895     }
896     // Set Outputs
897     for (CeedInt out = 0; out < num_output_fields; out++) {
898       CeedVector vec;
899 
900       // Get output vector
901       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_output_fields[out], &vec));
902       // Check if active output
903       if (vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) {
904         CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorSetArray(impl->q_vecs_out[out], CEED_MEM_DEVICE, CEED_USE_POINTER, assembled_array));
905         CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetSize(qf_output_fields[out], &size));
906         assembled_array += size * Q * num_elem;  // Advance the pointer by the size of the output
907       }
908     }
909     // Apply QFunction
910     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionApply(qf, Q * num_elem, impl->q_vecs_in, impl->q_vecs_out));
911   }
912 
913   // Un-set output q-vecs to prevent accidental overwrite of Assembled
914   for (CeedInt out = 0; out < num_output_fields; out++) {
915     CeedVector vec;
916 
917     // Get output vector
918     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_output_fields[out], &vec));
919     // Check if active output
920     if (vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) {
921       CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorTakeArray(impl->q_vecs_out[out], CEED_MEM_DEVICE, NULL));
922     }
923   }
924 
925   // Restore input arrays
926   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_input_fields; i++) {
927     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorInputRestore_Hip(op_input_fields[i], qf_input_fields[i], i, true, &e_data[i], impl));
928   }
929 
930   // Restore output
931   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorRestoreArray(*assembled, &assembled_array));
932   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
933 }
934 
935 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
936 // Assemble Linear QFunction
937 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
938 static int CeedOperatorLinearAssembleQFunction_Hip(CeedOperator op, CeedVector *assembled, CeedElemRestriction *rstr, CeedRequest *request) {
939   return CeedOperatorLinearAssembleQFunctionCore_Hip(op, true, assembled, rstr, request);
940 }
941 
942 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
943 // Update Assembled Linear QFunction
944 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
945 static int CeedOperatorLinearAssembleQFunctionUpdate_Hip(CeedOperator op, CeedVector assembled, CeedElemRestriction rstr, CeedRequest *request) {
946   return CeedOperatorLinearAssembleQFunctionCore_Hip(op, false, &assembled, &rstr, request);
947 }
948 
949 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
950 // Assemble Diagonal Setup
951 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
952 static inline int CeedOperatorAssembleDiagonalSetup_Hip(CeedOperator op) {
953   Ceed                ceed;
954   CeedInt             num_input_fields, num_output_fields, num_eval_modes_in = 0, num_eval_modes_out = 0;
955   CeedInt             q_comp, num_nodes, num_qpts;
956   CeedEvalMode       *eval_modes_in = NULL, *eval_modes_out = NULL;
957   CeedBasis           basis_in = NULL, basis_out = NULL;
958   CeedQFunctionField *qf_fields;
959   CeedQFunction       qf;
960   CeedOperatorField  *op_fields;
961   CeedOperator_Hip   *impl;
962 
963   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetCeed(op, &ceed));
964   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetQFunction(op, &qf));
965   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionGetNumArgs(qf, &num_input_fields, &num_output_fields));
966 
967   // Determine active input basis
968   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetFields(op, NULL, &op_fields, NULL, NULL));
969   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionGetFields(qf, NULL, &qf_fields, NULL, NULL));
970   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_input_fields; i++) {
971     CeedVector vec;
972 
973     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_fields[i], &vec));
974     if (vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) {
975       CeedBasis    basis;
976       CeedEvalMode eval_mode;
977 
978       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(op_fields[i], &basis));
979       CeedCheck(!basis_in || basis_in == basis, ceed, CEED_ERROR_BACKEND,
980                 "Backend does not implement operator diagonal assembly with multiple active bases");
981       basis_in = basis;
982       CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_fields[i], &eval_mode));
983       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadratureComponents(basis_in, eval_mode, &q_comp));
984       if (eval_mode != CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT) {
985         // q_comp = 1 if CEED_EVAL_NONE, CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT caught by QF assembly
986         CeedCallBackend(CeedRealloc(num_eval_modes_in + q_comp, &eval_modes_in));
987         for (CeedInt d = 0; d < q_comp; d++) eval_modes_in[num_eval_modes_in + d] = eval_mode;
988         num_eval_modes_in += q_comp;
989       }
990     }
991   }
992 
993   // Determine active output basis
994   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetFields(op, NULL, NULL, NULL, &op_fields));
995   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionGetFields(qf, NULL, NULL, NULL, &qf_fields));
996   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_output_fields; i++) {
997     CeedVector vec;
998 
999     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_fields[i], &vec));
1000     if (vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) {
1001       CeedBasis    basis;
1002       CeedEvalMode eval_mode;
1003 
1004       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(op_fields[i], &basis));
1005       CeedCheck(!basis_out || basis_out == basis, ceed, CEED_ERROR_BACKEND,
1006                 "Backend does not implement operator diagonal assembly with multiple active bases");
1007       basis_out = basis;
1008       CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_fields[i], &eval_mode));
1009       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadratureComponents(basis_out, eval_mode, &q_comp));
1010       if (eval_mode != CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT) {
1011         // q_comp = 1 if CEED_EVAL_NONE, CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT caught by QF assembly
1012         CeedCallBackend(CeedRealloc(num_eval_modes_out + q_comp, &eval_modes_out));
1013         for (CeedInt d = 0; d < q_comp; d++) eval_modes_out[num_eval_modes_out + d] = eval_mode;
1014         num_eval_modes_out += q_comp;
1015       }
1016     }
1017   }
1018 
1019   // Operator data struct
1020   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetData(op, &impl));
1021   CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(1, &impl->diag));
1022   CeedOperatorDiag_Hip *diag = impl->diag;
1023 
1024   // Basis matrices
1025   CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumNodes(basis_in, &num_nodes));
1026   if (basis_in == CEED_BASIS_NONE) num_qpts = num_nodes;
1027   else CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadraturePoints(basis_in, &num_qpts));
1028   const CeedInt interp_bytes     = num_nodes * num_qpts * sizeof(CeedScalar);
1029   const CeedInt eval_modes_bytes = sizeof(CeedEvalMode);
1030   bool          has_eval_none    = false;
1031 
1032   // CEED_EVAL_NONE
1033   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_eval_modes_in; i++) has_eval_none = has_eval_none || (eval_modes_in[i] == CEED_EVAL_NONE);
1034   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_eval_modes_out; i++) has_eval_none = has_eval_none || (eval_modes_out[i] == CEED_EVAL_NONE);
1035   if (has_eval_none) {
1036     CeedScalar *identity = NULL;
1037 
1038     CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(num_nodes * num_qpts, &identity));
1039     for (CeedInt i = 0; i < (num_nodes < num_qpts ? num_nodes : num_qpts); i++) identity[i * num_nodes + i] = 1.0;
1040     CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMalloc((void **)&diag->d_identity, interp_bytes));
1041     CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMemcpy(diag->d_identity, identity, interp_bytes, hipMemcpyHostToDevice));
1042     CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&identity));
1043   }
1044 
1045   // CEED_EVAL_INTERP, CEED_EVAL_GRAD, CEED_EVAL_DIV, and CEED_EVAL_CURL
1046   for (CeedInt in = 0; in < 2; in++) {
1047     CeedFESpace fespace;
1048     CeedBasis   basis = in ? basis_in : basis_out;
1049 
1050     CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetFESpace(basis, &fespace));
1051     switch (fespace) {
1052       case CEED_FE_SPACE_H1: {
1053         CeedInt           q_comp_interp, q_comp_grad;
1054         const CeedScalar *interp, *grad;
1055         CeedScalar       *d_interp, *d_grad;
1056 
1057         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadratureComponents(basis, CEED_EVAL_INTERP, &q_comp_interp));
1058         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadratureComponents(basis, CEED_EVAL_GRAD, &q_comp_grad));
1059 
1060         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetInterp(basis, &interp));
1061         CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMalloc((void **)&d_interp, interp_bytes * q_comp_interp));
1062         CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMemcpy(d_interp, interp, interp_bytes * q_comp_interp, hipMemcpyHostToDevice));
1063         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetGrad(basis, &grad));
1064         CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMalloc((void **)&d_grad, interp_bytes * q_comp_grad));
1065         CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMemcpy(d_grad, grad, interp_bytes * q_comp_grad, hipMemcpyHostToDevice));
1066         if (in) {
1067           diag->d_interp_in = d_interp;
1068           diag->d_grad_in   = d_grad;
1069         } else {
1070           diag->d_interp_out = d_interp;
1071           diag->d_grad_out   = d_grad;
1072         }
1073       } break;
1074       case CEED_FE_SPACE_HDIV: {
1075         CeedInt           q_comp_interp, q_comp_div;
1076         const CeedScalar *interp, *div;
1077         CeedScalar       *d_interp, *d_div;
1078 
1079         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadratureComponents(basis, CEED_EVAL_INTERP, &q_comp_interp));
1080         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadratureComponents(basis, CEED_EVAL_DIV, &q_comp_div));
1081 
1082         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetInterp(basis, &interp));
1083         CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMalloc((void **)&d_interp, interp_bytes * q_comp_interp));
1084         CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMemcpy(d_interp, interp, interp_bytes * q_comp_interp, hipMemcpyHostToDevice));
1085         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetDiv(basis, &div));
1086         CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMalloc((void **)&d_div, interp_bytes * q_comp_div));
1087         CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMemcpy(d_div, div, interp_bytes * q_comp_div, hipMemcpyHostToDevice));
1088         if (in) {
1089           diag->d_interp_in = d_interp;
1090           diag->d_div_in    = d_div;
1091         } else {
1092           diag->d_interp_out = d_interp;
1093           diag->d_div_out    = d_div;
1094         }
1095       } break;
1096       case CEED_FE_SPACE_HCURL: {
1097         CeedInt           q_comp_interp, q_comp_curl;
1098         const CeedScalar *interp, *curl;
1099         CeedScalar       *d_interp, *d_curl;
1100 
1101         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadratureComponents(basis, CEED_EVAL_INTERP, &q_comp_interp));
1102         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadratureComponents(basis, CEED_EVAL_CURL, &q_comp_curl));
1103 
1104         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetInterp(basis, &interp));
1105         CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMalloc((void **)&d_interp, interp_bytes * q_comp_interp));
1106         CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMemcpy(d_interp, interp, interp_bytes * q_comp_interp, hipMemcpyHostToDevice));
1107         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetCurl(basis, &curl));
1108         CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMalloc((void **)&d_curl, interp_bytes * q_comp_curl));
1109         CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMemcpy(d_curl, curl, interp_bytes * q_comp_curl, hipMemcpyHostToDevice));
1110         if (in) {
1111           diag->d_interp_in = d_interp;
1112           diag->d_curl_in   = d_curl;
1113         } else {
1114           diag->d_interp_out = d_interp;
1115           diag->d_curl_out   = d_curl;
1116         }
1117       } break;
1118     }
1119   }
1120 
1121   // Arrays of eval_modes
1122   CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMalloc((void **)&diag->d_eval_modes_in, num_eval_modes_in * eval_modes_bytes));
1123   CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMemcpy(diag->d_eval_modes_in, eval_modes_in, num_eval_modes_in * eval_modes_bytes, hipMemcpyHostToDevice));
1124   CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMalloc((void **)&diag->d_eval_modes_out, num_eval_modes_out * eval_modes_bytes));
1125   CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMemcpy(diag->d_eval_modes_out, eval_modes_out, num_eval_modes_out * eval_modes_bytes, hipMemcpyHostToDevice));
1126   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&eval_modes_in));
1127   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&eval_modes_out));
1128   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
1129 }
1130 
1131 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1132 // Assemble Diagonal Setup (Compilation)
1133 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1134 static inline int CeedOperatorAssembleDiagonalSetupCompile_Hip(CeedOperator op, CeedInt use_ceedsize_idx, const bool is_point_block) {
1135   Ceed                ceed;
1136   char               *diagonal_kernel_source;
1137   const char         *diagonal_kernel_path;
1138   CeedInt             num_input_fields, num_output_fields, num_eval_modes_in = 0, num_eval_modes_out = 0;
1139   CeedInt             num_comp, q_comp, num_nodes, num_qpts;
1140   CeedBasis           basis_in = NULL, basis_out = NULL;
1141   CeedQFunctionField *qf_fields;
1142   CeedQFunction       qf;
1143   CeedOperatorField  *op_fields;
1144   CeedOperator_Hip   *impl;
1145 
1146   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetCeed(op, &ceed));
1147   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetQFunction(op, &qf));
1148   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionGetNumArgs(qf, &num_input_fields, &num_output_fields));
1149 
1150   // Determine active input basis
1151   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetFields(op, NULL, &op_fields, NULL, NULL));
1152   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionGetFields(qf, NULL, &qf_fields, NULL, NULL));
1153   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_input_fields; i++) {
1154     CeedVector vec;
1155 
1156     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_fields[i], &vec));
1157     if (vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) {
1158       CeedEvalMode eval_mode;
1159 
1160       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(op_fields[i], &basis_in));
1161       CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_fields[i], &eval_mode));
1162       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadratureComponents(basis_in, eval_mode, &q_comp));
1163       if (eval_mode != CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT) {
1164         num_eval_modes_in += q_comp;
1165       }
1166     }
1167   }
1168 
1169   // Determine active output basis
1170   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetFields(op, NULL, NULL, NULL, &op_fields));
1171   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionGetFields(qf, NULL, NULL, NULL, &qf_fields));
1172   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_output_fields; i++) {
1173     CeedVector vec;
1174 
1175     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_fields[i], &vec));
1176     if (vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) {
1177       CeedEvalMode eval_mode;
1178 
1179       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(op_fields[i], &basis_out));
1180       CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_fields[i], &eval_mode));
1181       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadratureComponents(basis_out, eval_mode, &q_comp));
1182       if (eval_mode != CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT) {
1183         num_eval_modes_out += q_comp;
1184       }
1185     }
1186   }
1187 
1188   // Operator data struct
1189   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetData(op, &impl));
1190   CeedOperatorDiag_Hip *diag = impl->diag;
1191 
1192   // Assemble kernel
1193   hipModule_t *module          = is_point_block ? &diag->module_point_block : &diag->module;
1194   CeedInt      elems_per_block = 1;
1195   CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumNodes(basis_in, &num_nodes));
1196   CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumComponents(basis_in, &num_comp));
1197   if (basis_in == CEED_BASIS_NONE) num_qpts = num_nodes;
1198   else CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadraturePoints(basis_in, &num_qpts));
1199   CeedCallBackend(CeedGetJitAbsolutePath(ceed, "ceed/jit-source/hip/hip-ref-operator-assemble-diagonal.h", &diagonal_kernel_path));
1200   CeedDebug256(ceed, CEED_DEBUG_COLOR_SUCCESS, "----- Loading Diagonal Assembly Kernel Source -----\n");
1201   CeedCallBackend(CeedLoadSourceToBuffer(ceed, diagonal_kernel_path, &diagonal_kernel_source));
1202   CeedDebug256(ceed, CEED_DEBUG_COLOR_SUCCESS, "----- Loading Diagonal Assembly Source Complete! -----\n");
1203   CeedCallHip(ceed, CeedCompile_Hip(ceed, diagonal_kernel_source, module, 8, "NUM_EVAL_MODES_IN", num_eval_modes_in, "NUM_EVAL_MODES_OUT",
1204                                     num_eval_modes_out, "NUM_COMP", num_comp, "NUM_NODES", num_nodes, "NUM_QPTS", num_qpts, "USE_CEEDSIZE",
1205                                     use_ceedsize_idx, "USE_POINT_BLOCK", is_point_block ? 1 : 0, "BLOCK_SIZE", num_nodes * elems_per_block));
1206   CeedCallHip(ceed, CeedGetKernel_Hip(ceed, *module, "LinearDiagonal", is_point_block ? &diag->LinearPointBlock : &diag->LinearDiagonal));
1207   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&diagonal_kernel_path));
1208   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&diagonal_kernel_source));
1209   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
1210 }
1211 
1212 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1213 // Assemble Diagonal Core
1214 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1215 static inline int CeedOperatorAssembleDiagonalCore_Hip(CeedOperator op, CeedVector assembled, CeedRequest *request, const bool is_point_block) {
1216   Ceed                ceed;
1217   CeedInt             num_elem, num_nodes;
1218   CeedScalar         *elem_diag_array;
1219   const CeedScalar   *assembled_qf_array;
1220   CeedVector          assembled_qf   = NULL, elem_diag;
1221   CeedElemRestriction assembled_rstr = NULL, rstr_in, rstr_out, diag_rstr;
1222   CeedOperator_Hip   *impl;
1223 
1224   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetCeed(op, &ceed));
1225   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetData(op, &impl));
1226 
1227   // Assemble QFunction
1228   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorLinearAssembleQFunctionBuildOrUpdate(op, &assembled_qf, &assembled_rstr, request));
1229   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&assembled_rstr));
1230   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetArrayRead(assembled_qf, CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &assembled_qf_array));
1231 
1232   // Setup
1233   if (!impl->diag) CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorAssembleDiagonalSetup_Hip(op));
1234   CeedOperatorDiag_Hip *diag = impl->diag;
1235 
1236   assert(diag != NULL);
1237 
1238   // Assemble kernel if needed
1239   if ((!is_point_block && !diag->LinearDiagonal) || (is_point_block && !diag->LinearPointBlock)) {
1240     CeedSize assembled_length, assembled_qf_length;
1241     CeedInt  use_ceedsize_idx = 0;
1242     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetLength(assembled, &assembled_length));
1243     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetLength(assembled_qf, &assembled_qf_length));
1244     if ((assembled_length > INT_MAX) || (assembled_qf_length > INT_MAX)) use_ceedsize_idx = 1;
1245 
1246     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorAssembleDiagonalSetupCompile_Hip(op, use_ceedsize_idx, is_point_block));
1247   }
1248 
1249   // Restriction and diagonal vector
1250   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetActiveElemRestrictions(op, &rstr_in, &rstr_out));
1251   CeedCheck(rstr_in == rstr_out, ceed, CEED_ERROR_BACKEND,
1252             "Cannot assemble operator diagonal with different input and output active element restrictions");
1253   if (!is_point_block && !diag->diag_rstr) {
1254     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionCreateUnsignedCopy(rstr_out, &diag->diag_rstr));
1255     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionCreateVector(diag->diag_rstr, NULL, &diag->elem_diag));
1256   } else if (is_point_block && !diag->point_block_diag_rstr) {
1257     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorCreateActivePointBlockRestriction(rstr_out, &diag->point_block_diag_rstr));
1258     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionCreateVector(diag->point_block_diag_rstr, NULL, &diag->point_block_elem_diag));
1259   }
1260   diag_rstr = is_point_block ? diag->point_block_diag_rstr : diag->diag_rstr;
1261   elem_diag = is_point_block ? diag->point_block_elem_diag : diag->elem_diag;
1262   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorSetValue(elem_diag, 0.0));
1263 
1264   // Only assemble diagonal if the basis has nodes, otherwise inputs are null pointers
1265   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetElementSize(diag_rstr, &num_nodes));
1266   if (num_nodes > 0) {
1267     // Assemble element operator diagonals
1268     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetArray(elem_diag, CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &elem_diag_array));
1269     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetNumElements(diag_rstr, &num_elem));
1270 
1271     // Compute the diagonal of B^T D B
1272     CeedInt elems_per_block = 1;
1273     CeedInt grid            = CeedDivUpInt(num_elem, elems_per_block);
1274     void   *args[]          = {(void *)&num_elem,      &diag->d_identity,       &diag->d_interp_in,  &diag->d_grad_in, &diag->d_div_in,
1275                                &diag->d_curl_in,       &diag->d_interp_out,     &diag->d_grad_out,   &diag->d_div_out, &diag->d_curl_out,
1276                                &diag->d_eval_modes_in, &diag->d_eval_modes_out, &assembled_qf_array, &elem_diag_array};
1277 
1278     if (is_point_block) {
1279       CeedCallBackend(CeedRunKernelDim_Hip(ceed, diag->LinearPointBlock, grid, num_nodes, 1, elems_per_block, args));
1280     } else {
1281       CeedCallBackend(CeedRunKernelDim_Hip(ceed, diag->LinearDiagonal, grid, num_nodes, 1, elems_per_block, args));
1282     }
1283 
1284     // Restore arrays
1285     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorRestoreArray(elem_diag, &elem_diag_array));
1286     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorRestoreArrayRead(assembled_qf, &assembled_qf_array));
1287   }
1288 
1289   // Assemble local operator diagonal
1290   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionApply(diag_rstr, CEED_TRANSPOSE, elem_diag, assembled, request));
1291 
1292   // Cleanup
1293   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&assembled_qf));
1294   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
1295 }
1296 
1297 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1298 // Assemble Linear Diagonal
1299 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1300 static int CeedOperatorLinearAssembleAddDiagonal_Hip(CeedOperator op, CeedVector assembled, CeedRequest *request) {
1301   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorAssembleDiagonalCore_Hip(op, assembled, request, false));
1302   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
1303 }
1304 
1305 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1306 // Assemble Linear Point Block Diagonal
1307 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1308 static int CeedOperatorLinearAssembleAddPointBlockDiagonal_Hip(CeedOperator op, CeedVector assembled, CeedRequest *request) {
1309   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorAssembleDiagonalCore_Hip(op, assembled, request, true));
1310   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
1311 }
1312 
1313 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1314 // Single Operator Assembly Setup
1315 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1316 static int CeedSingleOperatorAssembleSetup_Hip(CeedOperator op, CeedInt use_ceedsize_idx) {
1317   Ceed                ceed;
1318   char               *assembly_kernel_source;
1319   const char         *assembly_kernel_path;
1320   CeedInt             num_input_fields, num_output_fields, num_eval_modes_in = 0, num_eval_modes_out = 0;
1321   CeedInt             elem_size_in, num_qpts_in = 0, num_comp_in, elem_size_out, num_qpts_out, num_comp_out, q_comp;
1322   CeedEvalMode       *eval_modes_in = NULL, *eval_modes_out = NULL;
1323   CeedElemRestriction rstr_in = NULL, rstr_out = NULL;
1324   CeedBasis           basis_in = NULL, basis_out = NULL;
1325   CeedQFunctionField *qf_fields;
1326   CeedQFunction       qf;
1327   CeedOperatorField  *input_fields, *output_fields;
1328   CeedOperator_Hip   *impl;
1329 
1330   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetCeed(op, &ceed));
1331   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetData(op, &impl));
1332 
1333   // Get intput and output fields
1334   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetFields(op, &num_input_fields, &input_fields, &num_output_fields, &output_fields));
1335 
1336   // Determine active input basis eval mode
1337   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetQFunction(op, &qf));
1338   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionGetFields(qf, NULL, &qf_fields, NULL, NULL));
1339   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_input_fields; i++) {
1340     CeedVector vec;
1341 
1342     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(input_fields[i], &vec));
1343     if (vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) {
1344       CeedBasis    basis;
1345       CeedEvalMode eval_mode;
1346 
1347       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(input_fields[i], &basis));
1348       CeedCheck(!basis_in || basis_in == basis, ceed, CEED_ERROR_BACKEND, "Backend does not implement operator assembly with multiple active bases");
1349       basis_in = basis;
1350       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(input_fields[i], &rstr_in));
1351       CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetElementSize(rstr_in, &elem_size_in));
1352       if (basis_in == CEED_BASIS_NONE) num_qpts_in = elem_size_in;
1353       else CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadraturePoints(basis_in, &num_qpts_in));
1354       CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_fields[i], &eval_mode));
1355       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadratureComponents(basis_in, eval_mode, &q_comp));
1356       if (eval_mode != CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT) {
1357         // q_comp = 1 if CEED_EVAL_NONE, CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT caught by QF Assembly
1358         CeedCallBackend(CeedRealloc(num_eval_modes_in + q_comp, &eval_modes_in));
1359         for (CeedInt d = 0; d < q_comp; d++) {
1360           eval_modes_in[num_eval_modes_in + d] = eval_mode;
1361         }
1362         num_eval_modes_in += q_comp;
1363       }
1364     }
1365   }
1366 
1367   // Determine active output basis; basis_out and rstr_out only used if same as input, TODO
1368   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionGetFields(qf, NULL, NULL, NULL, &qf_fields));
1369   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_output_fields; i++) {
1370     CeedVector vec;
1371 
1372     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(output_fields[i], &vec));
1373     if (vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) {
1374       CeedBasis    basis;
1375       CeedEvalMode eval_mode;
1376 
1377       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(output_fields[i], &basis));
1378       CeedCheck(!basis_out || basis_out == basis, ceed, CEED_ERROR_BACKEND,
1379                 "Backend does not implement operator assembly with multiple active bases");
1380       basis_out = basis;
1381       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(output_fields[i], &rstr_out));
1382       CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetElementSize(rstr_out, &elem_size_out));
1383       if (basis_out == CEED_BASIS_NONE) num_qpts_out = elem_size_out;
1384       else CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadraturePoints(basis_out, &num_qpts_out));
1385       CeedCheck(num_qpts_in == num_qpts_out, ceed, CEED_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED,
1386                 "Active input and output bases must have the same number of quadrature points");
1387       CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_fields[i], &eval_mode));
1388       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadratureComponents(basis_out, eval_mode, &q_comp));
1389       if (eval_mode != CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT) {
1390         // q_comp = 1 if CEED_EVAL_NONE, CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT caught by QF Assembly
1391         CeedCallBackend(CeedRealloc(num_eval_modes_out + q_comp, &eval_modes_out));
1392         for (CeedInt d = 0; d < q_comp; d++) {
1393           eval_modes_out[num_eval_modes_out + d] = eval_mode;
1394         }
1395         num_eval_modes_out += q_comp;
1396       }
1397     }
1398   }
1399   CeedCheck(num_eval_modes_in > 0 && num_eval_modes_out > 0, ceed, CEED_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED, "Cannot assemble operator without inputs/outputs");
1400 
1401   CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(1, &impl->asmb));
1402   CeedOperatorAssemble_Hip *asmb = impl->asmb;
1403   asmb->elems_per_block          = 1;
1404   asmb->block_size_x             = elem_size_in;
1405   asmb->block_size_y             = elem_size_out;
1406 
1407   bool fallback = asmb->block_size_x * asmb->block_size_y * asmb->elems_per_block > 1024;
1408 
1409   if (fallback) {
1410     // Use fallback kernel with 1D threadblock
1411     asmb->block_size_y = 1;
1412   }
1413 
1414   // Compile kernels
1415   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetNumComponents(rstr_in, &num_comp_in));
1416   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetNumComponents(rstr_out, &num_comp_out));
1417   CeedCallBackend(CeedGetJitAbsolutePath(ceed, "ceed/jit-source/hip/hip-ref-operator-assemble.h", &assembly_kernel_path));
1418   CeedDebug256(ceed, CEED_DEBUG_COLOR_SUCCESS, "----- Loading Assembly Kernel Source -----\n");
1419   CeedCallBackend(CeedLoadSourceToBuffer(ceed, assembly_kernel_path, &assembly_kernel_source));
1420   CeedDebug256(ceed, CEED_DEBUG_COLOR_SUCCESS, "----- Loading Assembly Source Complete! -----\n");
1421   CeedCallBackend(CeedCompile_Hip(ceed, assembly_kernel_source, &asmb->module, 10, "NUM_EVAL_MODES_IN", num_eval_modes_in, "NUM_EVAL_MODES_OUT",
1422                                   num_eval_modes_out, "NUM_COMP_IN", num_comp_in, "NUM_COMP_OUT", num_comp_out, "NUM_NODES_IN", elem_size_in,
1423                                   "NUM_NODES_OUT", elem_size_out, "NUM_QPTS", num_qpts_in, "BLOCK_SIZE",
1424                                   asmb->block_size_x * asmb->block_size_y * asmb->elems_per_block, "BLOCK_SIZE_Y", asmb->block_size_y, "USE_CEEDSIZE",
1425                                   use_ceedsize_idx));
1426   CeedCallBackend(CeedGetKernel_Hip(ceed, asmb->module, "LinearAssemble", &asmb->LinearAssemble));
1427   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&assembly_kernel_path));
1428   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&assembly_kernel_source));
1429 
1430   // Load into B_in, in order that they will be used in eval_modes_in
1431   {
1432     const CeedInt in_bytes           = elem_size_in * num_qpts_in * num_eval_modes_in * sizeof(CeedScalar);
1433     CeedInt       d_in               = 0;
1434     CeedEvalMode  eval_modes_in_prev = CEED_EVAL_NONE;
1435     bool          has_eval_none      = false;
1436     CeedScalar   *identity           = NULL;
1437 
1438     for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_eval_modes_in; i++) {
1439       has_eval_none = has_eval_none || (eval_modes_in[i] == CEED_EVAL_NONE);
1440     }
1441     if (has_eval_none) {
1442       CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(elem_size_in * num_qpts_in, &identity));
1443       for (CeedInt i = 0; i < (elem_size_in < num_qpts_in ? elem_size_in : num_qpts_in); i++) identity[i * elem_size_in + i] = 1.0;
1444     }
1445 
1446     CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMalloc((void **)&asmb->d_B_in, in_bytes));
1447     for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_eval_modes_in; i++) {
1448       const CeedScalar *h_B_in;
1449 
1450       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetBasisPointer(basis_in, eval_modes_in[i], identity, &h_B_in));
1451       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadratureComponents(basis_in, eval_modes_in[i], &q_comp));
1452       if (q_comp > 1) {
1453         if (i == 0 || eval_modes_in[i] != eval_modes_in_prev) d_in = 0;
1454         else h_B_in = &h_B_in[(++d_in) * elem_size_in * num_qpts_in];
1455       }
1456       eval_modes_in_prev = eval_modes_in[i];
1457 
1458       CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMemcpy(&asmb->d_B_in[i * elem_size_in * num_qpts_in], h_B_in, elem_size_in * num_qpts_in * sizeof(CeedScalar),
1459                                   hipMemcpyHostToDevice));
1460     }
1461 
1462     if (identity) {
1463       CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&identity));
1464     }
1465   }
1466 
1467   // Load into B_out, in order that they will be used in eval_modes_out
1468   {
1469     const CeedInt out_bytes           = elem_size_out * num_qpts_out * num_eval_modes_out * sizeof(CeedScalar);
1470     CeedInt       d_out               = 0;
1471     CeedEvalMode  eval_modes_out_prev = CEED_EVAL_NONE;
1472     bool          has_eval_none       = false;
1473     CeedScalar   *identity            = NULL;
1474 
1475     for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_eval_modes_out; i++) {
1476       has_eval_none = has_eval_none || (eval_modes_out[i] == CEED_EVAL_NONE);
1477     }
1478     if (has_eval_none) {
1479       CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(elem_size_out * num_qpts_out, &identity));
1480       for (CeedInt i = 0; i < (elem_size_out < num_qpts_out ? elem_size_out : num_qpts_out); i++) identity[i * elem_size_out + i] = 1.0;
1481     }
1482 
1483     CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMalloc((void **)&asmb->d_B_out, out_bytes));
1484     for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_eval_modes_out; i++) {
1485       const CeedScalar *h_B_out;
1486 
1487       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetBasisPointer(basis_out, eval_modes_out[i], identity, &h_B_out));
1488       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadratureComponents(basis_out, eval_modes_out[i], &q_comp));
1489       if (q_comp > 1) {
1490         if (i == 0 || eval_modes_out[i] != eval_modes_out_prev) d_out = 0;
1491         else h_B_out = &h_B_out[(++d_out) * elem_size_out * num_qpts_out];
1492       }
1493       eval_modes_out_prev = eval_modes_out[i];
1494 
1495       CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMemcpy(&asmb->d_B_out[i * elem_size_out * num_qpts_out], h_B_out, elem_size_out * num_qpts_out * sizeof(CeedScalar),
1496                                   hipMemcpyHostToDevice));
1497     }
1498 
1499     if (identity) {
1500       CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&identity));
1501     }
1502   }
1503   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
1504 }
1505 
1506 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1507 // Assemble matrix data for COO matrix of assembled operator.
1508 // The sparsity pattern is set by CeedOperatorLinearAssembleSymbolic.
1509 //
1510 // Note that this (and other assembly routines) currently assume only one active input restriction/basis per operator (could have multiple basis eval
1511 // modes).
1512 // TODO: allow multiple active input restrictions/basis objects
1513 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1514 static int CeedSingleOperatorAssemble_Hip(CeedOperator op, CeedInt offset, CeedVector values) {
1515   Ceed                ceed;
1516   CeedSize            values_length = 0, assembled_qf_length = 0;
1517   CeedInt             use_ceedsize_idx = 0, num_elem_in, num_elem_out, elem_size_in, elem_size_out;
1518   CeedScalar         *values_array;
1519   const CeedScalar   *assembled_qf_array;
1520   CeedVector          assembled_qf   = NULL;
1521   CeedElemRestriction assembled_rstr = NULL, rstr_in, rstr_out;
1522   CeedRestrictionType rstr_type_in, rstr_type_out;
1523   const bool         *orients_in = NULL, *orients_out = NULL;
1524   const CeedInt8     *curl_orients_in = NULL, *curl_orients_out = NULL;
1525   CeedOperator_Hip   *impl;
1526 
1527   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetCeed(op, &ceed));
1528   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetData(op, &impl));
1529 
1530   // Assemble QFunction
1531   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorLinearAssembleQFunctionBuildOrUpdate(op, &assembled_qf, &assembled_rstr, CEED_REQUEST_IMMEDIATE));
1532   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&assembled_rstr));
1533   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetArrayRead(assembled_qf, CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &assembled_qf_array));
1534 
1535   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetLength(values, &values_length));
1536   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetLength(assembled_qf, &assembled_qf_length));
1537   if ((values_length > INT_MAX) || (assembled_qf_length > INT_MAX)) use_ceedsize_idx = 1;
1538 
1539   // Setup
1540   if (!impl->asmb) CeedCallBackend(CeedSingleOperatorAssembleSetup_Hip(op, use_ceedsize_idx));
1541   CeedOperatorAssemble_Hip *asmb = impl->asmb;
1542 
1543   assert(asmb != NULL);
1544 
1545   // Assemble element operator
1546   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetArray(values, CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &values_array));
1547   values_array += offset;
1548 
1549   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetActiveElemRestrictions(op, &rstr_in, &rstr_out));
1550   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetNumElements(rstr_in, &num_elem_in));
1551   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetElementSize(rstr_in, &elem_size_in));
1552 
1553   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetType(rstr_in, &rstr_type_in));
1554   if (rstr_type_in == CEED_RESTRICTION_ORIENTED) {
1555     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetOrientations(rstr_in, CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &orients_in));
1556   } else if (rstr_type_in == CEED_RESTRICTION_CURL_ORIENTED) {
1557     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetCurlOrientations(rstr_in, CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &curl_orients_in));
1558   }
1559 
1560   if (rstr_in != rstr_out) {
1561     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetNumElements(rstr_out, &num_elem_out));
1562     CeedCheck(num_elem_in == num_elem_out, ceed, CEED_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED,
1563               "Active input and output operator restrictions must have the same number of elements");
1564     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetElementSize(rstr_out, &elem_size_out));
1565 
1566     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetType(rstr_out, &rstr_type_out));
1567     if (rstr_type_out == CEED_RESTRICTION_ORIENTED) {
1568       CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetOrientations(rstr_out, CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &orients_out));
1569     } else if (rstr_type_out == CEED_RESTRICTION_CURL_ORIENTED) {
1570       CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetCurlOrientations(rstr_out, CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &curl_orients_out));
1571     }
1572   } else {
1573     elem_size_out    = elem_size_in;
1574     orients_out      = orients_in;
1575     curl_orients_out = curl_orients_in;
1576   }
1577 
1578   // Compute B^T D B
1579   CeedInt shared_mem =
1580       ((curl_orients_in || curl_orients_out ? elem_size_in * elem_size_out : 0) + (curl_orients_in ? elem_size_in * asmb->block_size_y : 0)) *
1581       sizeof(CeedScalar);
1582   CeedInt grid   = CeedDivUpInt(num_elem_in, asmb->elems_per_block);
1583   void   *args[] = {(void *)&num_elem_in, &asmb->d_B_in,     &asmb->d_B_out,      &orients_in,  &curl_orients_in,
1584                     &orients_out,         &curl_orients_out, &assembled_qf_array, &values_array};
1585 
1586   CeedCallBackend(
1587       CeedRunKernelDimShared_Hip(ceed, asmb->LinearAssemble, grid, asmb->block_size_x, asmb->block_size_y, asmb->elems_per_block, shared_mem, args));
1588 
1589   // Restore arrays
1590   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorRestoreArray(values, &values_array));
1591   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorRestoreArrayRead(assembled_qf, &assembled_qf_array));
1592 
1593   // Cleanup
1594   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&assembled_qf));
1595   if (rstr_type_in == CEED_RESTRICTION_ORIENTED) {
1596     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionRestoreOrientations(rstr_in, &orients_in));
1597   } else if (rstr_type_in == CEED_RESTRICTION_CURL_ORIENTED) {
1598     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionRestoreCurlOrientations(rstr_in, &curl_orients_in));
1599   }
1600   if (rstr_in != rstr_out) {
1601     if (rstr_type_out == CEED_RESTRICTION_ORIENTED) {
1602       CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionRestoreOrientations(rstr_out, &orients_out));
1603     } else if (rstr_type_out == CEED_RESTRICTION_CURL_ORIENTED) {
1604       CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionRestoreCurlOrientations(rstr_out, &curl_orients_out));
1605     }
1606   }
1607   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
1608 }
1609 
1610 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1611 // Assemble Linear QFunction AtPoints
1612 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1613 static int CeedOperatorLinearAssembleQFunctionAtPoints_Hip(CeedOperator op, CeedVector *assembled, CeedElemRestriction *rstr, CeedRequest *request) {
1614   return CeedError(CeedOperatorReturnCeed(op), CEED_ERROR_BACKEND, "Backend does not implement CeedOperatorLinearAssembleQFunction");
1615 }
1616 
1617 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1618 // Assemble Linear Diagonal AtPoints
1619 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1620 static int CeedOperatorLinearAssembleAddDiagonalAtPoints_Hip(CeedOperator op, CeedVector assembled, CeedRequest *request) {
1621   CeedInt             max_num_points, *num_points, num_elem, num_input_fields, num_output_fields;
1622   CeedScalar         *e_data[2 * CEED_FIELD_MAX] = {NULL};
1623   CeedQFunctionField *qf_input_fields, *qf_output_fields;
1624   CeedQFunction       qf;
1625   CeedOperatorField  *op_input_fields, *op_output_fields;
1626   CeedOperator_Hip   *impl;
1627 
1628   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetData(op, &impl));
1629   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetQFunction(op, &qf));
1630   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetNumElements(op, &num_elem));
1631   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetFields(op, &num_input_fields, &op_input_fields, &num_output_fields, &op_output_fields));
1632   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionGetFields(qf, NULL, &qf_input_fields, NULL, &qf_output_fields));
1633 
1634   // Setup
1635   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorSetupAtPoints_Hip(op));
1636   num_points     = impl->num_points;
1637   max_num_points = impl->max_num_points;
1638 
1639   // Create separate output e-vecs
1640   if (impl->has_shared_e_vecs) {
1641     for (CeedInt i = 0; i < impl->num_outputs; i++) {
1642       CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&impl->q_vecs_out[i]));
1643       CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&impl->e_vecs[impl->num_inputs + i]));
1644     }
1645     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorSetupFields_Hip(qf, op, false, true, impl->skip_rstr_out, impl->apply_add_basis_out, impl->e_vecs, impl->q_vecs_out,
1646                                                 num_input_fields, num_output_fields, max_num_points, num_elem));
1647   }
1648   impl->has_shared_e_vecs = false;
1649 
1650   // Get point coordinates
1651   if (!impl->point_coords_elem) {
1652     CeedVector          point_coords = NULL;
1653     CeedElemRestriction rstr_points  = NULL;
1654 
1655     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorAtPointsGetPoints(op, &rstr_points, &point_coords));
1656     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionCreateVector(rstr_points, NULL, &impl->point_coords_elem));
1657     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionApply(rstr_points, CEED_NOTRANSPOSE, point_coords, impl->point_coords_elem, request));
1658   }
1659 
1660   // Input Evecs and Restriction
1661   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_input_fields; i++) {
1662     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorInputRestrict_Hip(op_input_fields[i], qf_input_fields[i], i, NULL, true, &e_data[i], impl, request));
1663   }
1664 
1665   // Clear active input Qvecs
1666   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_input_fields; i++) {
1667     CeedVector vec;
1668 
1669     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_input_fields[i], &vec));
1670     if (vec != CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) continue;
1671     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorSetValue(impl->q_vecs_in[i], 0.0));
1672   }
1673 
1674   // Input basis apply if needed
1675   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_input_fields; i++) {
1676     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorInputBasisAtPoints_Hip(op_input_fields[i], qf_input_fields[i], i, num_elem, num_points, true, e_data[i], impl));
1677   }
1678 
1679   // Output pointers, as necessary
1680   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_output_fields; i++) {
1681     CeedEvalMode eval_mode;
1682 
1683     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_output_fields[i], &eval_mode));
1684     if (eval_mode == CEED_EVAL_NONE) {
1685       // Set the output Q-Vector to use the E-Vector data directly.
1686       CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetArrayWrite(impl->e_vecs[i + impl->num_inputs], CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &e_data[i + num_input_fields]));
1687       CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorSetArray(impl->q_vecs_out[i], CEED_MEM_DEVICE, CEED_USE_POINTER, e_data[i + num_input_fields]));
1688     }
1689   }
1690 
1691   // Loop over active fields
1692   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_input_fields; i++) {
1693     bool                is_active_at_points = true;
1694     CeedInt             elem_size = 1, num_comp_active = 1, e_vec_size = 0;
1695     CeedRestrictionType rstr_type;
1696     CeedVector          vec;
1697     CeedElemRestriction elem_rstr;
1698 
1699     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_input_fields[i], &vec));
1700     // -- Skip non-active input
1701     if (vec != CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) continue;
1702 
1703     // -- Get active restriction type
1704     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(op_input_fields[i], &elem_rstr));
1705     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetType(elem_rstr, &rstr_type));
1706     is_active_at_points = rstr_type == CEED_RESTRICTION_POINTS;
1707     if (!is_active_at_points) CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetElementSize(elem_rstr, &elem_size));
1708     else elem_size = max_num_points;
1709     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetNumComponents(elem_rstr, &num_comp_active));
1710 
1711     e_vec_size = elem_size * num_comp_active;
1712     for (CeedInt s = 0; s < e_vec_size; s++) {
1713       bool         is_active_input = false;
1714       CeedEvalMode eval_mode;
1715       CeedVector   vec;
1716       CeedBasis    basis;
1717 
1718       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_input_fields[i], &vec));
1719       // Skip non-active input
1720       is_active_input = vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE;
1721       if (!is_active_input) continue;
1722 
1723       // Update unit vector
1724       if (s == 0) CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorSetValue(impl->e_vecs[i], 0.0));
1725       else CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorSetValueStrided(impl->e_vecs[i], s - 1, e_vec_size, 0.0));
1726       CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorSetValueStrided(impl->e_vecs[i], s, e_vec_size, 1.0));
1727 
1728       // Basis action
1729       CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_input_fields[i], &eval_mode));
1730       switch (eval_mode) {
1731         case CEED_EVAL_NONE:
1732           CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorSetArray(impl->q_vecs_in[i], CEED_MEM_DEVICE, CEED_USE_POINTER, e_data[i]));
1733           break;
1734         case CEED_EVAL_INTERP:
1735         case CEED_EVAL_GRAD:
1736         case CEED_EVAL_DIV:
1737         case CEED_EVAL_CURL:
1738           CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(op_input_fields[i], &basis));
1739           CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisApplyAtPoints(basis, num_elem, num_points, CEED_NOTRANSPOSE, eval_mode, impl->point_coords_elem, impl->e_vecs[i],
1740                                                  impl->q_vecs_in[i]));
1741           break;
1742         case CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT:
1743           break;  // No action
1744       }
1745 
1746       // Q function
1747       CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionApply(qf, num_elem * max_num_points, impl->q_vecs_in, impl->q_vecs_out));
1748 
1749       // Output basis apply if needed
1750       for (CeedInt j = 0; j < num_output_fields; j++) {
1751         bool                is_active_output = false;
1752         CeedInt             elem_size        = 0;
1753         CeedRestrictionType rstr_type;
1754         CeedEvalMode        eval_mode;
1755         CeedVector          vec;
1756         CeedElemRestriction elem_rstr;
1757         CeedBasis           basis;
1758 
1759         CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_output_fields[j], &vec));
1760         // ---- Skip non-active output
1761         is_active_output = vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE;
1762         if (!is_active_output) continue;
1763 
1764         // ---- Check if elem size matches
1765         CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(op_output_fields[j], &elem_rstr));
1766         CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetType(elem_rstr, &rstr_type));
1767         if (is_active_at_points && rstr_type != CEED_RESTRICTION_POINTS) continue;
1768         if (rstr_type == CEED_RESTRICTION_POINTS) {
1769           CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetMaxPointsInElement(elem_rstr, &elem_size));
1770         } else {
1771           CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetElementSize(elem_rstr, &elem_size));
1772         }
1773         {
1774           CeedInt num_comp = 0;
1775 
1776           CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetNumComponents(elem_rstr, &num_comp));
1777           if (e_vec_size != num_comp * elem_size) continue;
1778         }
1779 
1780         // Basis action
1781         CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_output_fields[j], &eval_mode));
1782         switch (eval_mode) {
1783           case CEED_EVAL_NONE:
1784             CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorRestoreArray(impl->e_vecs[j + impl->num_inputs], &e_data[j + num_input_fields]));
1785             break;
1786           case CEED_EVAL_INTERP:
1787           case CEED_EVAL_GRAD:
1788           case CEED_EVAL_DIV:
1789           case CEED_EVAL_CURL:
1790             CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(op_output_fields[j], &basis));
1791             CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisApplyAtPoints(basis, num_elem, num_points, CEED_TRANSPOSE, eval_mode, impl->point_coords_elem,
1792                                                    impl->q_vecs_out[j], impl->e_vecs[j + impl->num_inputs]));
1793             break;
1794           // LCOV_EXCL_START
1795           case CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT: {
1796             return CeedError(CeedOperatorReturnCeed(op), CEED_ERROR_BACKEND, "CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT cannot be an output evaluation mode");
1797             // LCOV_EXCL_STOP
1798           }
1799         }
1800 
1801         // Mask output e-vec
1802         CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorPointwiseMult(impl->e_vecs[j + impl->num_inputs], impl->e_vecs[i], impl->e_vecs[j + impl->num_inputs]));
1803 
1804         // Restrict
1805         CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(op_output_fields[j], &elem_rstr));
1806         CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionApply(elem_rstr, CEED_TRANSPOSE, impl->e_vecs[j + impl->num_inputs], assembled, request));
1807 
1808         // Reset q_vec for
1809         if (eval_mode == CEED_EVAL_NONE) {
1810           CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetArrayWrite(impl->e_vecs[j + impl->num_inputs], CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &e_data[j + num_input_fields]));
1811           CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorSetArray(impl->q_vecs_out[j], CEED_MEM_DEVICE, CEED_USE_POINTER, e_data[j + num_input_fields]));
1812         }
1813       }
1814 
1815       // Reset vec
1816       if (s == e_vec_size - 1 && i != num_input_fields - 1) CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorSetValue(impl->q_vecs_in[i], 0.0));
1817     }
1818   }
1819 
1820   // Restore CEED_EVAL_NONE
1821   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_output_fields; i++) {
1822     CeedEvalMode eval_mode;
1823 
1824     // Get eval_mode
1825     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_output_fields[i], &eval_mode));
1826 
1827     // Restore evec
1828     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_output_fields[i], &eval_mode));
1829     if (eval_mode == CEED_EVAL_NONE) {
1830       CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorRestoreArray(impl->e_vecs[i + impl->num_inputs], &e_data[i + num_input_fields]));
1831     }
1832   }
1833 
1834   // Restore input arrays
1835   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_input_fields; i++) {
1836     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorInputRestore_Hip(op_input_fields[i], qf_input_fields[i], i, true, &e_data[i], impl));
1837   }
1838   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
1839 }
1840 
1841 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1842 // Create operator
1843 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1844 int CeedOperatorCreate_Hip(CeedOperator op) {
1845   Ceed              ceed;
1846   CeedOperator_Hip *impl;
1847 
1848   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetCeed(op, &ceed));
1849   CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(1, &impl));
1850   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorSetData(op, impl));
1851   CeedCallBackend(CeedSetBackendFunction(ceed, "Operator", op, "LinearAssembleQFunction", CeedOperatorLinearAssembleQFunction_Hip));
1852   CeedCallBackend(CeedSetBackendFunction(ceed, "Operator", op, "LinearAssembleQFunctionUpdate", CeedOperatorLinearAssembleQFunctionUpdate_Hip));
1853   CeedCallBackend(CeedSetBackendFunction(ceed, "Operator", op, "LinearAssembleAddDiagonal", CeedOperatorLinearAssembleAddDiagonal_Hip));
1854   CeedCallBackend(
1855       CeedSetBackendFunction(ceed, "Operator", op, "LinearAssembleAddPointBlockDiagonal", CeedOperatorLinearAssembleAddPointBlockDiagonal_Hip));
1856   CeedCallBackend(CeedSetBackendFunction(ceed, "Operator", op, "LinearAssembleSingle", CeedSingleOperatorAssemble_Hip));
1857   CeedCallBackend(CeedSetBackendFunction(ceed, "Operator", op, "ApplyAdd", CeedOperatorApplyAdd_Hip));
1858   CeedCallBackend(CeedSetBackendFunction(ceed, "Operator", op, "Destroy", CeedOperatorDestroy_Hip));
1859   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
1860 }
1861 
1862 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1863 // Create operator AtPoints
1864 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1865 int CeedOperatorCreateAtPoints_Hip(CeedOperator op) {
1866   Ceed              ceed;
1867   CeedOperator_Hip *impl;
1868 
1869   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetCeed(op, &ceed));
1870   CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(1, &impl));
1871   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorSetData(op, impl));
1872 
1873   CeedCallBackend(CeedSetBackendFunction(ceed, "Operator", op, "LinearAssembleQFunction", CeedOperatorLinearAssembleQFunctionAtPoints_Hip));
1874   CeedCallBackend(CeedSetBackendFunction(ceed, "Operator", op, "LinearAssembleAddDiagonal", CeedOperatorLinearAssembleAddDiagonalAtPoints_Hip));
1875   CeedCallBackend(CeedSetBackendFunction(ceed, "Operator", op, "ApplyAdd", CeedOperatorApplyAddAtPoints_Hip));
1876   CeedCallBackend(CeedSetBackendFunction(ceed, "Operator", op, "Destroy", CeedOperatorDestroy_Hip));
1877   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
1878 }
1879 
1880 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1881