xref: /libCEED/backends/hip-ref/ceed-hip-ref-operator.c (revision 4753b775a3a8f79e2dd83c2aab10890a6a04e913)
1 // Copyright (c) 2017-2024, Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC and other CEED contributors.
2 // All Rights Reserved. See the top-level LICENSE and NOTICE files for details.
3 //
4 // SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
5 //
6 // This file is part of CEED:  http://github.com/ceed
7 
8 #include <ceed.h>
9 #include <ceed/backend.h>
10 #include <ceed/jit-tools.h>
11 #include <assert.h>
12 #include <stdbool.h>
13 #include <string.h>
14 #include <hip/hip_runtime.h>
15 
16 #include "../hip/ceed-hip-common.h"
17 #include "../hip/ceed-hip-compile.h"
18 #include "ceed-hip-ref.h"
19 
20 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
21 // Destroy operator
22 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
23 static int CeedOperatorDestroy_Hip(CeedOperator op) {
24   CeedOperator_Hip *impl;
25 
26   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetData(op, &impl));
27 
28   // Apply data
29   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&impl->num_points));
30   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&impl->skip_rstr_in));
31   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&impl->skip_rstr_out));
32   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&impl->apply_add_basis_out));
33   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&impl->input_field_order));
34   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&impl->output_field_order));
35   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&impl->input_states));
36 
37   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < impl->num_inputs; i++) {
38     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&impl->e_vecs_in[i]));
39     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&impl->q_vecs_in[i]));
40   }
41   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&impl->e_vecs_in));
42   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&impl->q_vecs_in));
43 
44   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < impl->num_outputs; i++) {
45     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&impl->e_vecs_out[i]));
46     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&impl->q_vecs_out[i]));
47   }
48   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&impl->e_vecs_out));
49   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&impl->q_vecs_out));
50   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&impl->point_coords_elem));
51 
52   // QFunction assembly data
53   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < impl->num_active_in; i++) {
54     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&impl->qf_active_in[i]));
55   }
56   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&impl->qf_active_in));
57 
58   // Diag data
59   if (impl->diag) {
60     Ceed ceed;
61 
62     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetCeed(op, &ceed));
63     if (impl->diag->module) {
64       CeedCallHip(ceed, hipModuleUnload(impl->diag->module));
65     }
66     if (impl->diag->module_point_block) {
67       CeedCallHip(ceed, hipModuleUnload(impl->diag->module_point_block));
68     }
69     CeedCallHip(ceed, hipFree(impl->diag->d_eval_modes_in));
70     CeedCallHip(ceed, hipFree(impl->diag->d_eval_modes_out));
71     CeedCallHip(ceed, hipFree(impl->diag->d_identity));
72     CeedCallHip(ceed, hipFree(impl->diag->d_interp_in));
73     CeedCallHip(ceed, hipFree(impl->diag->d_interp_out));
74     CeedCallHip(ceed, hipFree(impl->diag->d_grad_in));
75     CeedCallHip(ceed, hipFree(impl->diag->d_grad_out));
76     CeedCallHip(ceed, hipFree(impl->diag->d_div_in));
77     CeedCallHip(ceed, hipFree(impl->diag->d_div_out));
78     CeedCallHip(ceed, hipFree(impl->diag->d_curl_in));
79     CeedCallHip(ceed, hipFree(impl->diag->d_curl_out));
80     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&impl->diag->diag_rstr));
81     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&impl->diag->point_block_diag_rstr));
82     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&impl->diag->elem_diag));
83     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&impl->diag->point_block_elem_diag));
84   }
85   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&impl->diag));
86 
87   if (impl->asmb) {
88     Ceed ceed;
89 
90     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetCeed(op, &ceed));
91     CeedCallHip(ceed, hipModuleUnload(impl->asmb->module));
92     CeedCallHip(ceed, hipFree(impl->asmb->d_B_in));
93     CeedCallHip(ceed, hipFree(impl->asmb->d_B_out));
94   }
95   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&impl->asmb));
96 
97   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&impl));
98   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
99 }
100 
101 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
102 // Setup infields or outfields
103 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
104 static int CeedOperatorSetupFields_Hip(CeedQFunction qf, CeedOperator op, bool is_input, bool is_at_points, bool *skip_rstr, bool *apply_add_basis,
105                                        CeedVector *e_vecs, CeedVector *q_vecs, CeedInt num_fields, CeedInt Q, CeedInt num_elem) {
106   Ceed                ceed;
107   CeedQFunctionField *qf_fields;
108   CeedOperatorField  *op_fields;
109 
110   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetCeed(op, &ceed));
111   if (is_input) {
112     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetFields(op, NULL, &op_fields, NULL, NULL));
113     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionGetFields(qf, NULL, &qf_fields, NULL, NULL));
114   } else {
115     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetFields(op, NULL, NULL, NULL, &op_fields));
116     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionGetFields(qf, NULL, NULL, NULL, &qf_fields));
117   }
118 
119   // Loop over fields
120   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_fields; i++) {
121     bool                is_active = false, is_strided = false, skip_e_vec = false;
122     CeedSize            q_size;
123     CeedInt             size;
124     CeedEvalMode        eval_mode;
125     CeedVector          l_vec;
126     CeedElemRestriction elem_rstr;
127 
128     // Check whether this field can skip the element restriction:
129     // Input CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE
130     // Output CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE without CEED_EVAL_NONE
131     // Input CEED_VECTOR_NONE with CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT
132     // Input passive vectorr with CEED_EVAL_NONE and strided restriction with CEED_STRIDES_BACKEND
133     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_fields[i], &l_vec));
134     is_active = l_vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE;
135     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&l_vec));
136     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(op_fields[i], &elem_rstr));
137     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_fields[i], &eval_mode));
138     skip_e_vec = (is_input && is_active) || (is_active && eval_mode != CEED_EVAL_NONE) || (eval_mode == CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT);
139     if (!skip_e_vec && is_input && !is_active && eval_mode == CEED_EVAL_NONE) {
140       CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionIsStrided(elem_rstr, &is_strided));
141       if (is_strided) CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionHasBackendStrides(elem_rstr, &skip_e_vec));
142     }
143     if (skip_e_vec) {
144       e_vecs[i] = NULL;
145     } else {
146       CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionCreateVector(elem_rstr, NULL, &e_vecs[i]));
147     }
148     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&elem_rstr));
149 
150     switch (eval_mode) {
151       case CEED_EVAL_NONE:
152       case CEED_EVAL_INTERP:
153       case CEED_EVAL_GRAD:
154       case CEED_EVAL_DIV:
155       case CEED_EVAL_CURL:
156         CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetSize(qf_fields[i], &size));
157         q_size = (CeedSize)num_elem * (CeedSize)Q * (CeedSize)size;
158         CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorCreate(ceed, q_size, &q_vecs[i]));
159         break;
160       case CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT: {
161         CeedBasis basis;
162 
163         CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(op_fields[i], &basis));
164         q_size = (CeedSize)num_elem * (CeedSize)Q;
165         CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorCreate(ceed, q_size, &q_vecs[i]));
166         if (is_at_points) {
167           CeedInt num_points[num_elem];
168 
169           for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_elem; i++) num_points[i] = Q;
170           CeedCallBackend(
171               CeedBasisApplyAtPoints(basis, num_elem, num_points, CEED_NOTRANSPOSE, CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT, CEED_VECTOR_NONE, CEED_VECTOR_NONE, q_vecs[i]));
172         } else {
173           CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisApply(basis, num_elem, CEED_NOTRANSPOSE, CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT, CEED_VECTOR_NONE, q_vecs[i]));
174         }
175         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisDestroy(&basis));
176         break;
177       }
178     }
179   }
180   // Drop duplicate restrictions
181   if (is_input) {
182     for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_fields; i++) {
183       CeedVector          vec_i;
184       CeedElemRestriction rstr_i;
185 
186       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_fields[i], &vec_i));
187       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(op_fields[i], &rstr_i));
188       for (CeedInt j = i + 1; j < num_fields; j++) {
189         CeedVector          vec_j;
190         CeedElemRestriction rstr_j;
191 
192         CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_fields[j], &vec_j));
193         CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(op_fields[j], &rstr_j));
194         if (vec_i == vec_j && rstr_i == rstr_j) {
195           if (e_vecs[i]) CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorReferenceCopy(e_vecs[i], &e_vecs[j]));
196           skip_rstr[j] = true;
197         }
198         CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&vec_j));
199         CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&rstr_j));
200       }
201       CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&vec_i));
202       CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&rstr_i));
203     }
204   } else {
205     for (CeedInt i = num_fields - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
206       CeedVector          vec_i;
207       CeedElemRestriction rstr_i;
208 
209       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_fields[i], &vec_i));
210       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(op_fields[i], &rstr_i));
211       for (CeedInt j = i - 1; j >= 0; j--) {
212         CeedVector          vec_j;
213         CeedElemRestriction rstr_j;
214 
215         CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_fields[j], &vec_j));
216         CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(op_fields[j], &rstr_j));
217         if (vec_i == vec_j && rstr_i == rstr_j) {
218           if (e_vecs[i]) CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorReferenceCopy(e_vecs[i], &e_vecs[j]));
219           skip_rstr[j]       = true;
220           apply_add_basis[i] = true;
221         }
222         CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&vec_j));
223         CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&rstr_j));
224       }
225       CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&vec_i));
226       CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&rstr_i));
227     }
228   }
229   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
230 }
231 
232 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
233 // CeedOperator needs to connect all the named fields (be they active or passive) to the named inputs and outputs of its CeedQFunction.
234 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
235 static int CeedOperatorSetup_Hip(CeedOperator op) {
236   Ceed                ceed;
237   bool                is_setup_done;
238   CeedInt             Q, num_elem, num_input_fields, num_output_fields;
239   CeedQFunctionField *qf_input_fields, *qf_output_fields;
240   CeedQFunction       qf;
241   CeedOperatorField  *op_input_fields, *op_output_fields;
242   CeedOperator_Hip   *impl;
243 
244   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorIsSetupDone(op, &is_setup_done));
245   if (is_setup_done) return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
246 
247   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetCeed(op, &ceed));
248   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetData(op, &impl));
249   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetQFunction(op, &qf));
250   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetNumQuadraturePoints(op, &Q));
251   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetNumElements(op, &num_elem));
252   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetFields(op, &num_input_fields, &op_input_fields, &num_output_fields, &op_output_fields));
253   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionGetFields(qf, NULL, &qf_input_fields, NULL, &qf_output_fields));
254 
255   // Allocate
256   CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(num_input_fields, &impl->e_vecs_in));
257   CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(num_output_fields, &impl->e_vecs_out));
258   CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(num_input_fields, &impl->skip_rstr_in));
259   CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(num_output_fields, &impl->skip_rstr_out));
260   CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(num_output_fields, &impl->apply_add_basis_out));
261   CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(num_input_fields, &impl->input_field_order));
262   CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(num_output_fields, &impl->output_field_order));
263   CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(num_input_fields, &impl->input_states));
264   CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(num_input_fields, &impl->q_vecs_in));
265   CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(num_output_fields, &impl->q_vecs_out));
266   impl->num_inputs  = num_input_fields;
267   impl->num_outputs = num_output_fields;
268 
269   // Set up infield and outfield e-vecs and q-vecs
270   CeedCallBackend(
271       CeedOperatorSetupFields_Hip(qf, op, true, false, impl->skip_rstr_in, NULL, impl->e_vecs_in, impl->q_vecs_in, num_input_fields, Q, num_elem));
272   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorSetupFields_Hip(qf, op, false, false, impl->skip_rstr_out, impl->apply_add_basis_out, impl->e_vecs_out,
273                                               impl->q_vecs_out, num_output_fields, Q, num_elem));
274 
275   // Reorder fields to allow reuse of buffers
276   impl->max_active_e_vec_len = 0;
277   {
278     bool    is_ordered[CEED_FIELD_MAX];
279     CeedInt curr_index = 0;
280 
281     for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_input_fields; i++) is_ordered[i] = false;
282     for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_input_fields; i++) {
283       CeedSize            e_vec_len_i;
284       CeedVector          vec_i;
285       CeedElemRestriction rstr_i;
286 
287       if (is_ordered[i]) continue;
288       is_ordered[i]                       = true;
289       impl->input_field_order[curr_index] = i;
290       curr_index++;
291       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_input_fields[i], &vec_i));
292       if (vec_i == CEED_VECTOR_NONE) {
293         // CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT
294         CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&vec_i));
295         continue;
296       };
297       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(op_input_fields[i], &rstr_i));
298       CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetEVectorSize(rstr_i, &e_vec_len_i));
299       impl->max_active_e_vec_len = e_vec_len_i > impl->max_active_e_vec_len ? e_vec_len_i : impl->max_active_e_vec_len;
300       for (CeedInt j = i + 1; j < num_input_fields; j++) {
301         CeedVector          vec_j;
302         CeedElemRestriction rstr_j;
303 
304         CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_input_fields[j], &vec_j));
305         CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(op_input_fields[j], &rstr_j));
306         if (rstr_i == rstr_j && vec_i == vec_j) {
307           is_ordered[j]                       = true;
308           impl->input_field_order[curr_index] = j;
309           curr_index++;
310         }
311         CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&vec_j));
312         CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&rstr_j));
313       }
314       CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&vec_i));
315       CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&rstr_i));
316     }
317   }
318   {
319     bool    is_ordered[CEED_FIELD_MAX];
320     CeedInt curr_index = 0;
321 
322     for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_output_fields; i++) is_ordered[i] = false;
323     for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_output_fields; i++) {
324       CeedSize            e_vec_len_i;
325       CeedVector          vec_i;
326       CeedElemRestriction rstr_i;
327 
328       if (is_ordered[i]) continue;
329       is_ordered[i]                        = true;
330       impl->output_field_order[curr_index] = i;
331       curr_index++;
332       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_output_fields[i], &vec_i));
333       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(op_output_fields[i], &rstr_i));
334       CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetEVectorSize(rstr_i, &e_vec_len_i));
335       impl->max_active_e_vec_len = e_vec_len_i > impl->max_active_e_vec_len ? e_vec_len_i : impl->max_active_e_vec_len;
336       for (CeedInt j = i + 1; j < num_output_fields; j++) {
337         CeedVector          vec_j;
338         CeedElemRestriction rstr_j;
339 
340         CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_output_fields[j], &vec_j));
341         CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(op_output_fields[j], &rstr_j));
342         if (rstr_i == rstr_j && vec_i == vec_j) {
343           is_ordered[j]                        = true;
344           impl->output_field_order[curr_index] = j;
345           curr_index++;
346         }
347         CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&vec_j));
348         CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&rstr_j));
349       }
350       CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&vec_i));
351       CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&rstr_i));
352     }
353   }
354   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorSetSetupDone(op));
355   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
356 }
357 
358 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
359 // Restrict Operator Inputs
360 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
361 static inline int CeedOperatorInputRestrict_Hip(CeedOperatorField op_input_field, CeedQFunctionField qf_input_field, CeedInt input_field,
362                                                 CeedVector in_vec, CeedVector active_e_vec, const bool skip_active, CeedOperator_Hip *impl,
363                                                 CeedRequest *request) {
364   bool       is_active = false;
365   CeedVector l_vec, e_vec = impl->e_vecs_in[input_field];
366 
367   // Get input vector
368   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_input_field, &l_vec));
369   is_active = l_vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE;
370   if (is_active && skip_active) return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
371   if (is_active) {
372     l_vec = in_vec;
373     if (!e_vec) e_vec = active_e_vec;
374   }
375 
376   // Restriction action
377   if (e_vec) {
378     // Restrict, if necessary
379     if (!impl->skip_rstr_in[input_field]) {
380       uint64_t state;
381 
382       CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetState(l_vec, &state));
383       if (is_active || state != impl->input_states[input_field]) {
384         CeedElemRestriction elem_rstr;
385 
386         CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(op_input_field, &elem_rstr));
387         CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionApply(elem_rstr, CEED_NOTRANSPOSE, l_vec, e_vec, request));
388         CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&elem_rstr));
389       }
390       impl->input_states[input_field] = state;
391     }
392   }
393   if (!is_active) CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&l_vec));
394   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
395 }
396 
397 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
398 // Input Basis Action
399 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
400 static inline int CeedOperatorInputBasis_Hip(CeedOperatorField op_input_field, CeedQFunctionField qf_input_field, CeedInt input_field,
401                                              CeedVector in_vec, CeedVector active_e_vec, CeedInt num_elem, const bool skip_active,
402                                              CeedOperator_Hip *impl) {
403   bool         is_active = false;
404   CeedEvalMode eval_mode;
405   CeedVector   l_vec, e_vec = impl->e_vecs_in[input_field], q_vec = impl->q_vecs_in[input_field];
406 
407   // Skip active input
408   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_input_field, &l_vec));
409   is_active = l_vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE;
410   if (is_active && skip_active) return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
411   if (is_active) {
412     l_vec = in_vec;
413     if (!e_vec) e_vec = active_e_vec;
414   }
415 
416   // Basis action
417   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_input_field, &eval_mode));
418   switch (eval_mode) {
419     case CEED_EVAL_NONE: {
420       const CeedScalar *e_vec_array;
421 
422       if (e_vec) {
423         CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetArrayRead(e_vec, CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &e_vec_array));
424       } else {
425         CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetArrayRead(l_vec, CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &e_vec_array));
426       }
427       CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorSetArray(q_vec, CEED_MEM_DEVICE, CEED_USE_POINTER, (CeedScalar *)e_vec_array));
428       break;
429     }
430     case CEED_EVAL_INTERP:
431     case CEED_EVAL_GRAD:
432     case CEED_EVAL_DIV:
433     case CEED_EVAL_CURL: {
434       CeedBasis basis;
435 
436       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(op_input_field, &basis));
437       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisApply(basis, num_elem, CEED_NOTRANSPOSE, eval_mode, e_vec, q_vec));
438       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisDestroy(&basis));
439       break;
440     }
441     case CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT:
442       break;  // No action
443   }
444   if (!is_active) CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&l_vec));
445   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
446 }
447 
448 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
449 // Restore Input Vectors
450 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
451 static inline int CeedOperatorInputRestore_Hip(CeedOperatorField op_input_field, CeedQFunctionField qf_input_field, CeedInt input_field,
452                                                CeedVector in_vec, CeedVector active_e_vec, const bool skip_active, CeedOperator_Hip *impl) {
453   bool         is_active = false;
454   CeedEvalMode eval_mode;
455   CeedVector   l_vec, e_vec = impl->e_vecs_in[input_field];
456 
457   // Skip active input
458   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_input_field, &l_vec));
459   is_active = l_vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE;
460   if (is_active && skip_active) return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
461   if (is_active) {
462     l_vec = in_vec;
463     if (!e_vec) e_vec = active_e_vec;
464   }
465 
466   // Restore e-vec
467   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_input_field, &eval_mode));
468   if (eval_mode == CEED_EVAL_NONE) {
469     const CeedScalar *e_vec_array;
470 
471     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorTakeArray(impl->q_vecs_in[input_field], CEED_MEM_DEVICE, (CeedScalar **)&e_vec_array));
472     if (e_vec) {
473       CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorRestoreArrayRead(e_vec, &e_vec_array));
474     } else {
475       CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorRestoreArrayRead(l_vec, &e_vec_array));
476     }
477   }
478   if (!is_active) CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&l_vec));
479   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
480 }
481 
482 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
483 // Apply and add to output
484 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
485 static int CeedOperatorApplyAdd_Hip(CeedOperator op, CeedVector in_vec, CeedVector out_vec, CeedRequest *request) {
486   CeedInt             Q, num_elem, num_input_fields, num_output_fields;
487   Ceed                ceed;
488   CeedVector          active_e_vec;
489   CeedQFunctionField *qf_input_fields, *qf_output_fields;
490   CeedQFunction       qf;
491   CeedOperatorField  *op_input_fields, *op_output_fields;
492   CeedOperator_Hip   *impl;
493 
494   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetCeed(op, &ceed));
495   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetData(op, &impl));
496   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetQFunction(op, &qf));
497   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetNumQuadraturePoints(op, &Q));
498   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetNumElements(op, &num_elem));
499   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetFields(op, &num_input_fields, &op_input_fields, &num_output_fields, &op_output_fields));
500   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionGetFields(qf, NULL, &qf_input_fields, NULL, &qf_output_fields));
501 
502   // Setup
503   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorSetup_Hip(op));
504 
505   // Work vector
506   CeedCallBackend(CeedGetWorkVector(ceed, impl->max_active_e_vec_len, &active_e_vec));
507 
508   // Process inputs
509   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_input_fields; i++) {
510     CeedInt field = impl->input_field_order[i];
511 
512     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorInputRestrict_Hip(op_input_fields[field], qf_input_fields[field], field, in_vec, active_e_vec, false, impl, request));
513     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorInputBasis_Hip(op_input_fields[field], qf_input_fields[field], field, in_vec, active_e_vec, num_elem, false, impl));
514   }
515 
516   // Output pointers, as necessary
517   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_output_fields; i++) {
518     CeedEvalMode eval_mode;
519 
520     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_output_fields[i], &eval_mode));
521     if (eval_mode == CEED_EVAL_NONE) {
522       CeedScalar *e_vec_array;
523 
524       CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetArrayWrite(impl->e_vecs_out[i], CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &e_vec_array));
525       CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorSetArray(impl->q_vecs_out[i], CEED_MEM_DEVICE, CEED_USE_POINTER, e_vec_array));
526     }
527   }
528 
529   // Q function
530   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionApply(qf, num_elem * Q, impl->q_vecs_in, impl->q_vecs_out));
531 
532   // Restore input arrays
533   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_input_fields; i++) {
534     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorInputRestore_Hip(op_input_fields[i], qf_input_fields[i], i, in_vec, active_e_vec, false, impl));
535   }
536 
537   // Output basis and restriction
538   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_output_fields; i++) {
539     bool         is_active = false;
540     CeedInt      field     = impl->output_field_order[i];
541     CeedEvalMode eval_mode;
542     CeedVector   l_vec, e_vec = impl->e_vecs_out[field], q_vec = impl->q_vecs_out[field];
543 
544     // Output vector
545     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_output_fields[field], &l_vec));
546     is_active = l_vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE;
547     if (is_active) {
548       l_vec = out_vec;
549       if (!e_vec) e_vec = active_e_vec;
550     }
551 
552     // Basis action
553     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_output_fields[field], &eval_mode));
554     switch (eval_mode) {
555       case CEED_EVAL_NONE:
556         break;  // No action
557       case CEED_EVAL_INTERP:
558       case CEED_EVAL_GRAD:
559       case CEED_EVAL_DIV:
560       case CEED_EVAL_CURL: {
561         CeedBasis basis;
562 
563         CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(op_output_fields[field], &basis));
564         if (impl->apply_add_basis_out[field]) {
565           CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisApplyAdd(basis, num_elem, CEED_TRANSPOSE, eval_mode, q_vec, e_vec));
566         } else {
567           CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisApply(basis, num_elem, CEED_TRANSPOSE, eval_mode, q_vec, e_vec));
568         }
569         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisDestroy(&basis));
570         break;
571       }
572       // LCOV_EXCL_START
573       case CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT: {
574         return CeedError(ceed, CEED_ERROR_BACKEND, "CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT cannot be an output evaluation mode");
575         // LCOV_EXCL_STOP
576       }
577     }
578 
579     // Restore evec
580     if (eval_mode == CEED_EVAL_NONE) {
581       CeedScalar *e_vec_array;
582 
583       CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorTakeArray(impl->q_vecs_out[i], CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &e_vec_array));
584       CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorRestoreArray(e_vec, &e_vec_array));
585     }
586 
587     // Restrict
588     if (impl->skip_rstr_out[field]) {
589       if (!is_active) CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&l_vec));
590       continue;
591     }
592     {
593       CeedElemRestriction elem_rstr;
594 
595       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(op_output_fields[field], &elem_rstr));
596       CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionApply(elem_rstr, CEED_TRANSPOSE, e_vec, l_vec, request));
597       CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&elem_rstr));
598     }
599     if (!is_active) CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&l_vec));
600   }
601 
602   // Return work vector
603   CeedCallBackend(CeedRestoreWorkVector(ceed, &active_e_vec));
604   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
605 }
606 
607 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
608 // CeedOperator needs to connect all the named fields (be they active or passive) to the named inputs and outputs of its CeedQFunction.
609 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
610 static int CeedOperatorSetupAtPoints_Hip(CeedOperator op) {
611   Ceed                ceed;
612   bool                is_setup_done;
613   CeedInt             max_num_points = -1, num_elem, num_input_fields, num_output_fields;
614   CeedQFunctionField *qf_input_fields, *qf_output_fields;
615   CeedQFunction       qf;
616   CeedOperatorField  *op_input_fields, *op_output_fields;
617   CeedOperator_Hip   *impl;
618 
619   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorIsSetupDone(op, &is_setup_done));
620   if (is_setup_done) return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
621 
622   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetCeed(op, &ceed));
623   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetData(op, &impl));
624   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetQFunction(op, &qf));
625   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetNumElements(op, &num_elem));
626   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetFields(op, &num_input_fields, &op_input_fields, &num_output_fields, &op_output_fields));
627   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionGetFields(qf, NULL, &qf_input_fields, NULL, &qf_output_fields));
628   {
629     CeedElemRestriction rstr_points = NULL;
630 
631     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorAtPointsGetPoints(op, &rstr_points, NULL));
632     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetMaxPointsInElement(rstr_points, &max_num_points));
633     CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(num_elem, &impl->num_points));
634     for (CeedInt e = 0; e < num_elem; e++) {
635       CeedInt num_points_elem;
636 
637       CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetNumPointsInElement(rstr_points, e, &num_points_elem));
638       impl->num_points[e] = num_points_elem;
639     }
640     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&rstr_points));
641   }
642   impl->max_num_points = max_num_points;
643 
644   // Allocate
645   CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(num_input_fields, &impl->e_vecs_in));
646   CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(num_output_fields, &impl->e_vecs_out));
647   CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(num_input_fields, &impl->skip_rstr_in));
648   CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(num_output_fields, &impl->skip_rstr_out));
649   CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(num_output_fields, &impl->apply_add_basis_out));
650   CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(num_input_fields, &impl->input_field_order));
651   CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(num_output_fields, &impl->output_field_order));
652   CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(num_input_fields, &impl->input_states));
653   CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(num_input_fields, &impl->q_vecs_in));
654   CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(num_output_fields, &impl->q_vecs_out));
655   impl->num_inputs  = num_input_fields;
656   impl->num_outputs = num_output_fields;
657 
658   // Set up infield and outfield e-vecs and q-vecs
659   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorSetupFields_Hip(qf, op, true, true, impl->skip_rstr_in, NULL, impl->e_vecs_in, impl->q_vecs_in, num_input_fields,
660                                               max_num_points, num_elem));
661   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorSetupFields_Hip(qf, op, false, true, impl->skip_rstr_out, impl->apply_add_basis_out, impl->e_vecs_out, impl->q_vecs_out,
662                                               num_output_fields, max_num_points, num_elem));
663 
664   // Reorder fields to allow reuse of buffers
665   impl->max_active_e_vec_len = 0;
666   {
667     bool    is_ordered[CEED_FIELD_MAX];
668     CeedInt curr_index = 0;
669 
670     for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_input_fields; i++) is_ordered[i] = false;
671     for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_input_fields; i++) {
672       CeedSize            e_vec_len_i;
673       CeedVector          vec_i;
674       CeedElemRestriction rstr_i;
675 
676       if (is_ordered[i]) continue;
677       is_ordered[i]                       = true;
678       impl->input_field_order[curr_index] = i;
679       curr_index++;
680       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_input_fields[i], &vec_i));
681       if (vec_i == CEED_VECTOR_NONE) {
682         // CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT
683         CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&vec_i));
684         continue;
685       };
686       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(op_input_fields[i], &rstr_i));
687       CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetEVectorSize(rstr_i, &e_vec_len_i));
688       impl->max_active_e_vec_len = e_vec_len_i > impl->max_active_e_vec_len ? e_vec_len_i : impl->max_active_e_vec_len;
689       for (CeedInt j = i + 1; j < num_input_fields; j++) {
690         CeedVector          vec_j;
691         CeedElemRestriction rstr_j;
692 
693         CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_input_fields[j], &vec_j));
694         CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(op_input_fields[j], &rstr_j));
695         if (rstr_i == rstr_j && vec_i == vec_j) {
696           is_ordered[j]                       = true;
697           impl->input_field_order[curr_index] = j;
698           curr_index++;
699         }
700         CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&vec_j));
701         CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&rstr_j));
702       }
703       CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&vec_i));
704       CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&rstr_i));
705     }
706   }
707   {
708     bool    is_ordered[CEED_FIELD_MAX];
709     CeedInt curr_index = 0;
710 
711     for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_output_fields; i++) is_ordered[i] = false;
712     for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_output_fields; i++) {
713       CeedSize            e_vec_len_i;
714       CeedVector          vec_i;
715       CeedElemRestriction rstr_i;
716 
717       if (is_ordered[i]) continue;
718       is_ordered[i]                        = true;
719       impl->output_field_order[curr_index] = i;
720       curr_index++;
721       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_output_fields[i], &vec_i));
722       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(op_output_fields[i], &rstr_i));
723       CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetEVectorSize(rstr_i, &e_vec_len_i));
724       impl->max_active_e_vec_len = e_vec_len_i > impl->max_active_e_vec_len ? e_vec_len_i : impl->max_active_e_vec_len;
725       for (CeedInt j = i + 1; j < num_output_fields; j++) {
726         CeedVector          vec_j;
727         CeedElemRestriction rstr_j;
728 
729         CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_output_fields[j], &vec_j));
730         CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(op_output_fields[j], &rstr_j));
731         if (rstr_i == rstr_j && vec_i == vec_j) {
732           is_ordered[j]                        = true;
733           impl->output_field_order[curr_index] = j;
734           curr_index++;
735         }
736         CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&vec_j));
737         CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&rstr_j));
738       }
739       CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&vec_i));
740       CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&rstr_i));
741     }
742   }
743   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorSetSetupDone(op));
744   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
745 }
746 
747 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
748 // Input Basis Action AtPoints
749 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
750 static inline int CeedOperatorInputBasisAtPoints_Hip(CeedOperatorField op_input_field, CeedQFunctionField qf_input_field, CeedInt input_field,
751                                                      CeedVector in_vec, CeedVector active_e_vec, CeedInt num_elem, const CeedInt *num_points,
752                                                      const bool skip_active, CeedOperator_Hip *impl) {
753   bool         is_active = false;
754   CeedEvalMode eval_mode;
755   CeedVector   l_vec, e_vec = impl->e_vecs_in[input_field], q_vec = impl->q_vecs_in[input_field];
756 
757   // Skip active input
758   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_input_field, &l_vec));
759   is_active = l_vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE;
760   if (is_active && skip_active) return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
761   if (is_active) {
762     l_vec = in_vec;
763     if (!e_vec) e_vec = active_e_vec;
764   }
765 
766   // Basis action
767   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_input_field, &eval_mode));
768   switch (eval_mode) {
769     case CEED_EVAL_NONE: {
770       const CeedScalar *e_vec_array;
771 
772       if (e_vec) {
773         CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetArrayRead(e_vec, CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &e_vec_array));
774       } else {
775         CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetArrayRead(l_vec, CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &e_vec_array));
776       }
777       CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorSetArray(q_vec, CEED_MEM_DEVICE, CEED_USE_POINTER, (CeedScalar *)e_vec_array));
778       break;
779     }
780     case CEED_EVAL_INTERP:
781     case CEED_EVAL_GRAD:
782     case CEED_EVAL_DIV:
783     case CEED_EVAL_CURL: {
784       CeedBasis basis;
785 
786       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(op_input_field, &basis));
787       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisApplyAtPoints(basis, num_elem, num_points, CEED_NOTRANSPOSE, eval_mode, impl->point_coords_elem, e_vec, q_vec));
788       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisDestroy(&basis));
789       break;
790     }
791     case CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT:
792       break;  // No action
793   }
794   if (!is_active) CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&l_vec));
795   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
796 }
797 
798 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
799 // Apply and add to output AtPoints
800 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
801 static int CeedOperatorApplyAddAtPoints_Hip(CeedOperator op, CeedVector in_vec, CeedVector out_vec, CeedRequest *request) {
802   CeedInt             max_num_points, *num_points, num_elem, num_input_fields, num_output_fields;
803   Ceed                ceed;
804   CeedVector          active_e_vec;
805   CeedQFunctionField *qf_input_fields, *qf_output_fields;
806   CeedQFunction       qf;
807   CeedOperatorField  *op_input_fields, *op_output_fields;
808   CeedOperator_Hip   *impl;
809 
810   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetCeed(op, &ceed));
811   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetData(op, &impl));
812   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetQFunction(op, &qf));
813   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetNumElements(op, &num_elem));
814   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetFields(op, &num_input_fields, &op_input_fields, &num_output_fields, &op_output_fields));
815   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionGetFields(qf, NULL, &qf_input_fields, NULL, &qf_output_fields));
816 
817   // Setup
818   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorSetupAtPoints_Hip(op));
819   num_points     = impl->num_points;
820   max_num_points = impl->max_num_points;
821 
822   // Work vector
823   CeedCallBackend(CeedGetWorkVector(ceed, impl->max_active_e_vec_len, &active_e_vec));
824 
825   // Get point coordinates
826   if (!impl->point_coords_elem) {
827     CeedVector          point_coords = NULL;
828     CeedElemRestriction rstr_points  = NULL;
829 
830     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorAtPointsGetPoints(op, &rstr_points, &point_coords));
831     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionCreateVector(rstr_points, NULL, &impl->point_coords_elem));
832     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionApply(rstr_points, CEED_NOTRANSPOSE, point_coords, impl->point_coords_elem, request));
833     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&point_coords));
834     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&rstr_points));
835   }
836 
837   // Process inputs
838   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_input_fields; i++) {
839     CeedInt field = impl->input_field_order[i];
840 
841     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorInputRestrict_Hip(op_input_fields[field], qf_input_fields[field], field, in_vec, active_e_vec, false, impl, request));
842     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorInputBasisAtPoints_Hip(op_input_fields[field], qf_input_fields[field], field, in_vec, active_e_vec, num_elem,
843                                                        num_points, false, impl));
844   }
845 
846   // Output pointers, as necessary
847   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_output_fields; i++) {
848     CeedEvalMode eval_mode;
849 
850     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_output_fields[i], &eval_mode));
851     if (eval_mode == CEED_EVAL_NONE) {
852       CeedScalar *e_vec_array;
853 
854       CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetArrayWrite(impl->e_vecs_out[i], CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &e_vec_array));
855       CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorSetArray(impl->q_vecs_out[i], CEED_MEM_DEVICE, CEED_USE_POINTER, e_vec_array));
856     }
857   }
858 
859   // Q function
860   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionApply(qf, num_elem * max_num_points, impl->q_vecs_in, impl->q_vecs_out));
861 
862   // Restore input arrays
863   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_input_fields; i++) {
864     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorInputRestore_Hip(op_input_fields[i], qf_input_fields[i], i, in_vec, active_e_vec, false, impl));
865   }
866 
867   // Output basis and restriction
868   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_output_fields; i++) {
869     bool         is_active = false;
870     CeedInt      field     = impl->output_field_order[i];
871     CeedEvalMode eval_mode;
872     CeedVector   l_vec, e_vec = impl->e_vecs_out[field], q_vec = impl->q_vecs_out[field];
873 
874     // Output vector
875     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_output_fields[field], &l_vec));
876     is_active = l_vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE;
877     if (is_active) {
878       l_vec = out_vec;
879       if (!e_vec) e_vec = active_e_vec;
880     }
881 
882     // Basis action
883     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_output_fields[field], &eval_mode));
884     switch (eval_mode) {
885       case CEED_EVAL_NONE:
886         break;  // No action
887       case CEED_EVAL_INTERP:
888       case CEED_EVAL_GRAD:
889       case CEED_EVAL_DIV:
890       case CEED_EVAL_CURL: {
891         CeedBasis basis;
892 
893         CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(op_output_fields[field], &basis));
894         if (impl->apply_add_basis_out[field]) {
895           CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisApplyAddAtPoints(basis, num_elem, num_points, CEED_TRANSPOSE, eval_mode, impl->point_coords_elem, q_vec, e_vec));
896         } else {
897           CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisApplyAtPoints(basis, num_elem, num_points, CEED_TRANSPOSE, eval_mode, impl->point_coords_elem, q_vec, e_vec));
898         }
899         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisDestroy(&basis));
900         break;
901       }
902       // LCOV_EXCL_START
903       case CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT: {
904         return CeedError(ceed, CEED_ERROR_BACKEND, "CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT cannot be an output evaluation mode");
905         // LCOV_EXCL_STOP
906       }
907     }
908 
909     // Restore evec
910     if (eval_mode == CEED_EVAL_NONE) {
911       CeedScalar *e_vec_array;
912 
913       CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorTakeArray(impl->q_vecs_out[i], CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &e_vec_array));
914       CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorRestoreArray(e_vec, &e_vec_array));
915     }
916 
917     // Restrict
918     if (impl->skip_rstr_out[field]) {
919       if (!is_active) CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&l_vec));
920       continue;
921     }
922     {
923       CeedElemRestriction elem_rstr;
924 
925       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(op_output_fields[field], &elem_rstr));
926       CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionApply(elem_rstr, CEED_TRANSPOSE, e_vec, l_vec, request));
927       CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&elem_rstr));
928     }
929     if (!is_active) CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&l_vec));
930   }
931 
932   // Restore work vector
933   CeedCallBackend(CeedRestoreWorkVector(ceed, &active_e_vec));
934   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
935 }
936 
937 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
938 // Linear QFunction Assembly Core
939 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
940 static inline int CeedOperatorLinearAssembleQFunctionCore_Hip(CeedOperator op, bool build_objects, CeedVector *assembled, CeedElemRestriction *rstr,
941                                                               CeedRequest *request) {
942   Ceed                ceed, ceed_parent;
943   CeedInt             num_active_in, num_active_out, Q, num_elem, num_input_fields, num_output_fields, size;
944   CeedScalar         *assembled_array;
945   CeedVector         *active_inputs;
946   CeedQFunctionField *qf_input_fields, *qf_output_fields;
947   CeedQFunction       qf;
948   CeedOperatorField  *op_input_fields, *op_output_fields;
949   CeedOperator_Hip   *impl;
950 
951   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetCeed(op, &ceed));
952   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetFallbackParentCeed(op, &ceed_parent));
953   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetData(op, &impl));
954   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetNumQuadraturePoints(op, &Q));
955   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetNumElements(op, &num_elem));
956   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetQFunction(op, &qf));
957   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionGetFields(qf, NULL, &qf_input_fields, NULL, &qf_output_fields));
958   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetFields(op, &num_input_fields, &op_input_fields, &num_output_fields, &op_output_fields));
959   active_inputs = impl->qf_active_in;
960   num_active_in = impl->num_active_in, num_active_out = impl->num_active_out;
961 
962   // Setup
963   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorSetup_Hip(op));
964 
965   // Process inputs
966   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_input_fields; i++) {
967     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorInputRestrict_Hip(op_input_fields[i], qf_input_fields[i], i, NULL, NULL, true, impl, request));
968     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorInputBasis_Hip(op_input_fields[i], qf_input_fields[i], i, NULL, NULL, num_elem, true, impl));
969   }
970 
971   // Count number of active input fields
972   if (!num_active_in) {
973     for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_input_fields; i++) {
974       CeedScalar *q_vec_array;
975       CeedVector  l_vec;
976 
977       // Check if active input
978       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_input_fields[i], &l_vec));
979       if (l_vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) {
980         CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetSize(qf_input_fields[i], &size));
981         CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorSetValue(impl->q_vecs_in[i], 0.0));
982         CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetArray(impl->q_vecs_in[i], CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &q_vec_array));
983         CeedCallBackend(CeedRealloc(num_active_in + size, &active_inputs));
984         for (CeedInt field = 0; field < size; field++) {
985           CeedSize q_size = (CeedSize)Q * num_elem;
986 
987           CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorCreate(ceed, q_size, &active_inputs[num_active_in + field]));
988           CeedCallBackend(
989               CeedVectorSetArray(active_inputs[num_active_in + field], CEED_MEM_DEVICE, CEED_USE_POINTER, &q_vec_array[field * Q * num_elem]));
990         }
991         num_active_in += size;
992         CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorRestoreArray(impl->q_vecs_in[i], &q_vec_array));
993       }
994       CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&l_vec));
995     }
996     impl->num_active_in = num_active_in;
997     impl->qf_active_in  = active_inputs;
998   }
999 
1000   // Count number of active output fields
1001   if (!num_active_out) {
1002     for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_output_fields; i++) {
1003       CeedVector l_vec;
1004 
1005       // Check if active output
1006       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_output_fields[i], &l_vec));
1007       if (l_vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) {
1008         CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetSize(qf_output_fields[i], &size));
1009         num_active_out += size;
1010       }
1011       CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&l_vec));
1012     }
1013     impl->num_active_out = num_active_out;
1014   }
1015 
1016   // Check sizes
1017   CeedCheck(num_active_in > 0 && num_active_out > 0, ceed, CEED_ERROR_BACKEND, "Cannot assemble QFunction without active inputs and outputs");
1018 
1019   // Build objects if needed
1020   if (build_objects) {
1021     CeedSize l_size     = (CeedSize)num_elem * Q * num_active_in * num_active_out;
1022     CeedInt  strides[3] = {1, num_elem * Q, Q}; /* *NOPAD* */
1023 
1024     // Create output restriction
1025     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionCreateStrided(ceed_parent, num_elem, Q, num_active_in * num_active_out,
1026                                                      (CeedSize)num_active_in * (CeedSize)num_active_out * (CeedSize)num_elem * (CeedSize)Q, strides,
1027                                                      rstr));
1028     // Create assembled vector
1029     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorCreate(ceed_parent, l_size, assembled));
1030   }
1031   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorSetValue(*assembled, 0.0));
1032   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetArray(*assembled, CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &assembled_array));
1033 
1034   // Assemble QFunction
1035   for (CeedInt in = 0; in < num_active_in; in++) {
1036     // Set Inputs
1037     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorSetValue(active_inputs[in], 1.0));
1038     if (num_active_in > 1) {
1039       CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorSetValue(active_inputs[(in + num_active_in - 1) % num_active_in], 0.0));
1040     }
1041     // Set Outputs
1042     for (CeedInt out = 0; out < num_output_fields; out++) {
1043       CeedVector l_vec;
1044 
1045       // Check if active output
1046       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_output_fields[out], &l_vec));
1047       if (l_vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) {
1048         CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorSetArray(impl->q_vecs_out[out], CEED_MEM_DEVICE, CEED_USE_POINTER, assembled_array));
1049         CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetSize(qf_output_fields[out], &size));
1050         assembled_array += size * Q * num_elem;  // Advance the pointer by the size of the output
1051       }
1052       CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&l_vec));
1053     }
1054     // Apply QFunction
1055     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionApply(qf, Q * num_elem, impl->q_vecs_in, impl->q_vecs_out));
1056   }
1057 
1058   // Un-set output q-vecs to prevent accidental overwrite of Assembled
1059   for (CeedInt out = 0; out < num_output_fields; out++) {
1060     CeedVector l_vec;
1061 
1062     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_output_fields[out], &l_vec));
1063     if (l_vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) {
1064       CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorTakeArray(impl->q_vecs_out[out], CEED_MEM_DEVICE, NULL));
1065     }
1066     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&l_vec));
1067   }
1068 
1069   // Restore input arrays
1070   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_input_fields; i++) {
1071     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorInputRestore_Hip(op_input_fields[i], qf_input_fields[i], i, NULL, NULL, true, impl));
1072   }
1073 
1074   // Restore output
1075   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorRestoreArray(*assembled, &assembled_array));
1076   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
1077 }
1078 
1079 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1080 // Assemble Linear QFunction
1081 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1082 static int CeedOperatorLinearAssembleQFunction_Hip(CeedOperator op, CeedVector *assembled, CeedElemRestriction *rstr, CeedRequest *request) {
1083   return CeedOperatorLinearAssembleQFunctionCore_Hip(op, true, assembled, rstr, request);
1084 }
1085 
1086 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1087 // Update Assembled Linear QFunction
1088 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1089 static int CeedOperatorLinearAssembleQFunctionUpdate_Hip(CeedOperator op, CeedVector assembled, CeedElemRestriction rstr, CeedRequest *request) {
1090   return CeedOperatorLinearAssembleQFunctionCore_Hip(op, false, &assembled, &rstr, request);
1091 }
1092 
1093 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1094 // Assemble Diagonal Setup
1095 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1096 static inline int CeedOperatorAssembleDiagonalSetup_Hip(CeedOperator op) {
1097   Ceed                ceed;
1098   CeedInt             num_input_fields, num_output_fields, num_eval_modes_in = 0, num_eval_modes_out = 0;
1099   CeedInt             q_comp, num_nodes, num_qpts;
1100   CeedEvalMode       *eval_modes_in = NULL, *eval_modes_out = NULL;
1101   CeedBasis           basis_in = NULL, basis_out = NULL;
1102   CeedQFunctionField *qf_fields;
1103   CeedQFunction       qf;
1104   CeedOperatorField  *op_fields;
1105   CeedOperator_Hip   *impl;
1106 
1107   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetCeed(op, &ceed));
1108   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetQFunction(op, &qf));
1109   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionGetNumArgs(qf, &num_input_fields, &num_output_fields));
1110 
1111   // Determine active input basis
1112   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetFields(op, NULL, &op_fields, NULL, NULL));
1113   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionGetFields(qf, NULL, &qf_fields, NULL, NULL));
1114   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_input_fields; i++) {
1115     CeedVector vec;
1116 
1117     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_fields[i], &vec));
1118     if (vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) {
1119       CeedEvalMode eval_mode;
1120       CeedBasis    basis;
1121 
1122       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(op_fields[i], &basis));
1123       CeedCheck(!basis_in || basis_in == basis, ceed, CEED_ERROR_BACKEND,
1124                 "Backend does not implement operator diagonal assembly with multiple active bases");
1125       if (!basis_in) CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisReferenceCopy(basis, &basis_in));
1126       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisDestroy(&basis));
1127       CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_fields[i], &eval_mode));
1128       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadratureComponents(basis_in, eval_mode, &q_comp));
1129       if (eval_mode != CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT) {
1130         // q_comp = 1 if CEED_EVAL_NONE, CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT caught by QF assembly
1131         CeedCallBackend(CeedRealloc(num_eval_modes_in + q_comp, &eval_modes_in));
1132         for (CeedInt d = 0; d < q_comp; d++) eval_modes_in[num_eval_modes_in + d] = eval_mode;
1133         num_eval_modes_in += q_comp;
1134       }
1135     }
1136     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&vec));
1137   }
1138 
1139   // Determine active output basis
1140   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetFields(op, NULL, NULL, NULL, &op_fields));
1141   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionGetFields(qf, NULL, NULL, NULL, &qf_fields));
1142   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_output_fields; i++) {
1143     CeedVector vec;
1144 
1145     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_fields[i], &vec));
1146     if (vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) {
1147       CeedBasis    basis;
1148       CeedEvalMode eval_mode;
1149 
1150       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(op_fields[i], &basis));
1151       CeedCheck(!basis_out || basis_out == basis, ceed, CEED_ERROR_BACKEND,
1152                 "Backend does not implement operator diagonal assembly with multiple active bases");
1153       if (!basis_out) CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisReferenceCopy(basis, &basis_out));
1154       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisDestroy(&basis));
1155       CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_fields[i], &eval_mode));
1156       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadratureComponents(basis_out, eval_mode, &q_comp));
1157       if (eval_mode != CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT) {
1158         // q_comp = 1 if CEED_EVAL_NONE, CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT caught by QF assembly
1159         CeedCallBackend(CeedRealloc(num_eval_modes_out + q_comp, &eval_modes_out));
1160         for (CeedInt d = 0; d < q_comp; d++) eval_modes_out[num_eval_modes_out + d] = eval_mode;
1161         num_eval_modes_out += q_comp;
1162       }
1163     }
1164     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&vec));
1165   }
1166 
1167   // Operator data struct
1168   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetData(op, &impl));
1169   CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(1, &impl->diag));
1170   CeedOperatorDiag_Hip *diag = impl->diag;
1171 
1172   // Basis matrices
1173   CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumNodes(basis_in, &num_nodes));
1174   if (basis_in == CEED_BASIS_NONE) num_qpts = num_nodes;
1175   else CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadraturePoints(basis_in, &num_qpts));
1176   const CeedInt interp_bytes     = num_nodes * num_qpts * sizeof(CeedScalar);
1177   const CeedInt eval_modes_bytes = sizeof(CeedEvalMode);
1178   bool          has_eval_none    = false;
1179 
1180   // CEED_EVAL_NONE
1181   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_eval_modes_in; i++) has_eval_none = has_eval_none || (eval_modes_in[i] == CEED_EVAL_NONE);
1182   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_eval_modes_out; i++) has_eval_none = has_eval_none || (eval_modes_out[i] == CEED_EVAL_NONE);
1183   if (has_eval_none) {
1184     CeedScalar *identity = NULL;
1185 
1186     CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(num_nodes * num_qpts, &identity));
1187     for (CeedInt i = 0; i < (num_nodes < num_qpts ? num_nodes : num_qpts); i++) identity[i * num_nodes + i] = 1.0;
1188     CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMalloc((void **)&diag->d_identity, interp_bytes));
1189     CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMemcpy(diag->d_identity, identity, interp_bytes, hipMemcpyHostToDevice));
1190     CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&identity));
1191   }
1192 
1193   // CEED_EVAL_INTERP, CEED_EVAL_GRAD, CEED_EVAL_DIV, and CEED_EVAL_CURL
1194   for (CeedInt in = 0; in < 2; in++) {
1195     CeedFESpace fespace;
1196     CeedBasis   basis = in ? basis_in : basis_out;
1197 
1198     CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetFESpace(basis, &fespace));
1199     switch (fespace) {
1200       case CEED_FE_SPACE_H1: {
1201         CeedInt           q_comp_interp, q_comp_grad;
1202         const CeedScalar *interp, *grad;
1203         CeedScalar       *d_interp, *d_grad;
1204 
1205         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadratureComponents(basis, CEED_EVAL_INTERP, &q_comp_interp));
1206         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadratureComponents(basis, CEED_EVAL_GRAD, &q_comp_grad));
1207 
1208         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetInterp(basis, &interp));
1209         CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMalloc((void **)&d_interp, interp_bytes * q_comp_interp));
1210         CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMemcpy(d_interp, interp, interp_bytes * q_comp_interp, hipMemcpyHostToDevice));
1211         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetGrad(basis, &grad));
1212         CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMalloc((void **)&d_grad, interp_bytes * q_comp_grad));
1213         CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMemcpy(d_grad, grad, interp_bytes * q_comp_grad, hipMemcpyHostToDevice));
1214         if (in) {
1215           diag->d_interp_in = d_interp;
1216           diag->d_grad_in   = d_grad;
1217         } else {
1218           diag->d_interp_out = d_interp;
1219           diag->d_grad_out   = d_grad;
1220         }
1221       } break;
1222       case CEED_FE_SPACE_HDIV: {
1223         CeedInt           q_comp_interp, q_comp_div;
1224         const CeedScalar *interp, *div;
1225         CeedScalar       *d_interp, *d_div;
1226 
1227         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadratureComponents(basis, CEED_EVAL_INTERP, &q_comp_interp));
1228         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadratureComponents(basis, CEED_EVAL_DIV, &q_comp_div));
1229 
1230         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetInterp(basis, &interp));
1231         CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMalloc((void **)&d_interp, interp_bytes * q_comp_interp));
1232         CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMemcpy(d_interp, interp, interp_bytes * q_comp_interp, hipMemcpyHostToDevice));
1233         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetDiv(basis, &div));
1234         CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMalloc((void **)&d_div, interp_bytes * q_comp_div));
1235         CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMemcpy(d_div, div, interp_bytes * q_comp_div, hipMemcpyHostToDevice));
1236         if (in) {
1237           diag->d_interp_in = d_interp;
1238           diag->d_div_in    = d_div;
1239         } else {
1240           diag->d_interp_out = d_interp;
1241           diag->d_div_out    = d_div;
1242         }
1243       } break;
1244       case CEED_FE_SPACE_HCURL: {
1245         CeedInt           q_comp_interp, q_comp_curl;
1246         const CeedScalar *interp, *curl;
1247         CeedScalar       *d_interp, *d_curl;
1248 
1249         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadratureComponents(basis, CEED_EVAL_INTERP, &q_comp_interp));
1250         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadratureComponents(basis, CEED_EVAL_CURL, &q_comp_curl));
1251 
1252         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetInterp(basis, &interp));
1253         CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMalloc((void **)&d_interp, interp_bytes * q_comp_interp));
1254         CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMemcpy(d_interp, interp, interp_bytes * q_comp_interp, hipMemcpyHostToDevice));
1255         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetCurl(basis, &curl));
1256         CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMalloc((void **)&d_curl, interp_bytes * q_comp_curl));
1257         CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMemcpy(d_curl, curl, interp_bytes * q_comp_curl, hipMemcpyHostToDevice));
1258         if (in) {
1259           diag->d_interp_in = d_interp;
1260           diag->d_curl_in   = d_curl;
1261         } else {
1262           diag->d_interp_out = d_interp;
1263           diag->d_curl_out   = d_curl;
1264         }
1265       } break;
1266     }
1267   }
1268 
1269   // Arrays of eval_modes
1270   CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMalloc((void **)&diag->d_eval_modes_in, num_eval_modes_in * eval_modes_bytes));
1271   CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMemcpy(diag->d_eval_modes_in, eval_modes_in, num_eval_modes_in * eval_modes_bytes, hipMemcpyHostToDevice));
1272   CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMalloc((void **)&diag->d_eval_modes_out, num_eval_modes_out * eval_modes_bytes));
1273   CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMemcpy(diag->d_eval_modes_out, eval_modes_out, num_eval_modes_out * eval_modes_bytes, hipMemcpyHostToDevice));
1274   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&eval_modes_in));
1275   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&eval_modes_out));
1276   CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisDestroy(&basis_in));
1277   CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisDestroy(&basis_out));
1278   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
1279 }
1280 
1281 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1282 // Assemble Diagonal Setup (Compilation)
1283 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1284 static inline int CeedOperatorAssembleDiagonalSetupCompile_Hip(CeedOperator op, CeedInt use_ceedsize_idx, const bool is_point_block) {
1285   Ceed                ceed;
1286   CeedInt             num_input_fields, num_output_fields, num_eval_modes_in = 0, num_eval_modes_out = 0;
1287   CeedInt             num_comp, q_comp, num_nodes, num_qpts;
1288   CeedBasis           basis_in = NULL, basis_out = NULL;
1289   CeedQFunctionField *qf_fields;
1290   CeedQFunction       qf;
1291   CeedOperatorField  *op_fields;
1292   CeedOperator_Hip   *impl;
1293 
1294   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetCeed(op, &ceed));
1295   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetQFunction(op, &qf));
1296   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionGetNumArgs(qf, &num_input_fields, &num_output_fields));
1297 
1298   // Determine active input basis
1299   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetFields(op, NULL, &op_fields, NULL, NULL));
1300   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionGetFields(qf, NULL, &qf_fields, NULL, NULL));
1301   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_input_fields; i++) {
1302     CeedVector vec;
1303 
1304     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_fields[i], &vec));
1305     if (vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) {
1306       CeedEvalMode eval_mode;
1307       CeedBasis    basis;
1308 
1309       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(op_fields[i], &basis));
1310       if (!basis_in) CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisReferenceCopy(basis, &basis_in));
1311       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisDestroy(&basis));
1312       CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_fields[i], &eval_mode));
1313       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadratureComponents(basis_in, eval_mode, &q_comp));
1314       if (eval_mode != CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT) {
1315         num_eval_modes_in += q_comp;
1316       }
1317     }
1318     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&vec));
1319   }
1320 
1321   // Determine active output basis
1322   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetFields(op, NULL, NULL, NULL, &op_fields));
1323   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionGetFields(qf, NULL, NULL, NULL, &qf_fields));
1324   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_output_fields; i++) {
1325     CeedVector vec;
1326 
1327     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_fields[i], &vec));
1328     if (vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) {
1329       CeedEvalMode eval_mode;
1330       CeedBasis    basis;
1331 
1332       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(op_fields[i], &basis));
1333       if (!basis_out) CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisReferenceCopy(basis, &basis_out));
1334       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisDestroy(&basis));
1335       CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_fields[i], &eval_mode));
1336       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadratureComponents(basis_out, eval_mode, &q_comp));
1337       if (eval_mode != CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT) {
1338         num_eval_modes_out += q_comp;
1339       }
1340     }
1341     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&vec));
1342   }
1343 
1344   // Operator data struct
1345   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetData(op, &impl));
1346   CeedOperatorDiag_Hip *diag = impl->diag;
1347 
1348   // Assemble kernel
1349   const char   diagonal_kernel_source[] = "// Diagonal assembly source\n#include <ceed/jit-source/hip/hip-ref-operator-assemble-diagonal.h>\n";
1350   hipModule_t *module                   = is_point_block ? &diag->module_point_block : &diag->module;
1351   CeedInt      elems_per_block          = 1;
1352 
1353   CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumNodes(basis_in, &num_nodes));
1354   CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumComponents(basis_in, &num_comp));
1355   if (basis_in == CEED_BASIS_NONE) num_qpts = num_nodes;
1356   else CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadraturePoints(basis_in, &num_qpts));
1357   CeedCallHip(ceed, CeedCompile_Hip(ceed, diagonal_kernel_source, module, 8, "NUM_EVAL_MODES_IN", num_eval_modes_in, "NUM_EVAL_MODES_OUT",
1358                                     num_eval_modes_out, "NUM_COMP", num_comp, "NUM_NODES", num_nodes, "NUM_QPTS", num_qpts, "USE_CEEDSIZE",
1359                                     use_ceedsize_idx, "USE_POINT_BLOCK", is_point_block ? 1 : 0, "BLOCK_SIZE", num_nodes * elems_per_block));
1360   CeedCallHip(ceed, CeedGetKernel_Hip(ceed, *module, "LinearDiagonal", is_point_block ? &diag->LinearPointBlock : &diag->LinearDiagonal));
1361   CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisDestroy(&basis_in));
1362   CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisDestroy(&basis_out));
1363   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
1364 }
1365 
1366 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1367 // Assemble Diagonal Core
1368 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1369 static inline int CeedOperatorAssembleDiagonalCore_Hip(CeedOperator op, CeedVector assembled, CeedRequest *request, const bool is_point_block) {
1370   Ceed                ceed;
1371   CeedInt             num_elem, num_nodes;
1372   CeedScalar         *elem_diag_array;
1373   const CeedScalar   *assembled_qf_array;
1374   CeedVector          assembled_qf   = NULL, elem_diag;
1375   CeedElemRestriction assembled_rstr = NULL, rstr_in, rstr_out, diag_rstr;
1376   CeedOperator_Hip   *impl;
1377 
1378   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetCeed(op, &ceed));
1379   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetData(op, &impl));
1380 
1381   // Assemble QFunction
1382   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorLinearAssembleQFunctionBuildOrUpdate(op, &assembled_qf, &assembled_rstr, request));
1383   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&assembled_rstr));
1384   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetArrayRead(assembled_qf, CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &assembled_qf_array));
1385 
1386   // Setup
1387   if (!impl->diag) CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorAssembleDiagonalSetup_Hip(op));
1388   CeedOperatorDiag_Hip *diag = impl->diag;
1389 
1390   assert(diag != NULL);
1391 
1392   // Assemble kernel if needed
1393   if ((!is_point_block && !diag->LinearDiagonal) || (is_point_block && !diag->LinearPointBlock)) {
1394     CeedSize assembled_length, assembled_qf_length;
1395     CeedInt  use_ceedsize_idx = 0;
1396     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetLength(assembled, &assembled_length));
1397     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetLength(assembled_qf, &assembled_qf_length));
1398     if ((assembled_length > INT_MAX) || (assembled_qf_length > INT_MAX)) use_ceedsize_idx = 1;
1399 
1400     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorAssembleDiagonalSetupCompile_Hip(op, use_ceedsize_idx, is_point_block));
1401   }
1402 
1403   // Restriction and diagonal vector
1404   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetActiveElemRestrictions(op, &rstr_in, &rstr_out));
1405   CeedCheck(rstr_in == rstr_out, ceed, CEED_ERROR_BACKEND,
1406             "Cannot assemble operator diagonal with different input and output active element restrictions");
1407   if (!is_point_block && !diag->diag_rstr) {
1408     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionCreateUnsignedCopy(rstr_out, &diag->diag_rstr));
1409     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionCreateVector(diag->diag_rstr, NULL, &diag->elem_diag));
1410   } else if (is_point_block && !diag->point_block_diag_rstr) {
1411     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorCreateActivePointBlockRestriction(rstr_out, &diag->point_block_diag_rstr));
1412     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionCreateVector(diag->point_block_diag_rstr, NULL, &diag->point_block_elem_diag));
1413   }
1414   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&rstr_in));
1415   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&rstr_out));
1416   diag_rstr = is_point_block ? diag->point_block_diag_rstr : diag->diag_rstr;
1417   elem_diag = is_point_block ? diag->point_block_elem_diag : diag->elem_diag;
1418   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorSetValue(elem_diag, 0.0));
1419 
1420   // Only assemble diagonal if the basis has nodes, otherwise inputs are null pointers
1421   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetElementSize(diag_rstr, &num_nodes));
1422   if (num_nodes > 0) {
1423     // Assemble element operator diagonals
1424     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetNumElements(diag_rstr, &num_elem));
1425     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetArray(elem_diag, CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &elem_diag_array));
1426 
1427     // Compute the diagonal of B^T D B
1428     CeedInt elems_per_block = 1;
1429     CeedInt grid            = CeedDivUpInt(num_elem, elems_per_block);
1430     void   *args[]          = {(void *)&num_elem,      &diag->d_identity,       &diag->d_interp_in,  &diag->d_grad_in, &diag->d_div_in,
1431                                &diag->d_curl_in,       &diag->d_interp_out,     &diag->d_grad_out,   &diag->d_div_out, &diag->d_curl_out,
1432                                &diag->d_eval_modes_in, &diag->d_eval_modes_out, &assembled_qf_array, &elem_diag_array};
1433 
1434     if (is_point_block) {
1435       CeedCallBackend(CeedRunKernelDim_Hip(ceed, diag->LinearPointBlock, grid, num_nodes, 1, elems_per_block, args));
1436     } else {
1437       CeedCallBackend(CeedRunKernelDim_Hip(ceed, diag->LinearDiagonal, grid, num_nodes, 1, elems_per_block, args));
1438     }
1439 
1440     // Restore arrays
1441     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorRestoreArray(elem_diag, &elem_diag_array));
1442     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorRestoreArrayRead(assembled_qf, &assembled_qf_array));
1443   }
1444 
1445   // Assemble local operator diagonal
1446   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionApply(diag_rstr, CEED_TRANSPOSE, elem_diag, assembled, request));
1447 
1448   // Cleanup
1449   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&assembled_qf));
1450   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
1451 }
1452 
1453 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1454 // Assemble Linear Diagonal
1455 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1456 static int CeedOperatorLinearAssembleAddDiagonal_Hip(CeedOperator op, CeedVector assembled, CeedRequest *request) {
1457   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorAssembleDiagonalCore_Hip(op, assembled, request, false));
1458   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
1459 }
1460 
1461 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1462 // Assemble Linear Point Block Diagonal
1463 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1464 static int CeedOperatorLinearAssembleAddPointBlockDiagonal_Hip(CeedOperator op, CeedVector assembled, CeedRequest *request) {
1465   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorAssembleDiagonalCore_Hip(op, assembled, request, true));
1466   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
1467 }
1468 
1469 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1470 // Single Operator Assembly Setup
1471 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1472 static int CeedSingleOperatorAssembleSetup_Hip(CeedOperator op, CeedInt use_ceedsize_idx) {
1473   Ceed                ceed;
1474   Ceed_Hip           *hip_data;
1475   CeedInt             num_input_fields, num_output_fields, num_eval_modes_in = 0, num_eval_modes_out = 0;
1476   CeedInt             elem_size_in, num_qpts_in = 0, num_comp_in, elem_size_out, num_qpts_out, num_comp_out, q_comp;
1477   CeedEvalMode       *eval_modes_in = NULL, *eval_modes_out = NULL;
1478   CeedElemRestriction rstr_in = NULL, rstr_out = NULL;
1479   CeedBasis           basis_in = NULL, basis_out = NULL;
1480   CeedQFunctionField *qf_fields;
1481   CeedQFunction       qf;
1482   CeedOperatorField  *input_fields, *output_fields;
1483   CeedOperator_Hip   *impl;
1484 
1485   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetCeed(op, &ceed));
1486   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetData(op, &impl));
1487 
1488   // Get intput and output fields
1489   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetFields(op, &num_input_fields, &input_fields, &num_output_fields, &output_fields));
1490 
1491   // Determine active input basis eval mode
1492   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetQFunction(op, &qf));
1493   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionGetFields(qf, NULL, &qf_fields, NULL, NULL));
1494   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_input_fields; i++) {
1495     CeedVector vec;
1496 
1497     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(input_fields[i], &vec));
1498     if (vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) {
1499       CeedEvalMode        eval_mode;
1500       CeedElemRestriction elem_rstr;
1501       CeedBasis           basis;
1502 
1503       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(input_fields[i], &basis));
1504       CeedCheck(!basis_in || basis_in == basis, ceed, CEED_ERROR_BACKEND, "Backend does not implement operator assembly with multiple active bases");
1505       if (!basis_in) CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisReferenceCopy(basis, &basis_in));
1506       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisDestroy(&basis));
1507       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(input_fields[i], &elem_rstr));
1508       if (!rstr_in) CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionReferenceCopy(elem_rstr, &rstr_in));
1509       CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&elem_rstr));
1510       CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetElementSize(rstr_in, &elem_size_in));
1511       if (basis_in == CEED_BASIS_NONE) num_qpts_in = elem_size_in;
1512       else CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadraturePoints(basis_in, &num_qpts_in));
1513       CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_fields[i], &eval_mode));
1514       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadratureComponents(basis_in, eval_mode, &q_comp));
1515       if (eval_mode != CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT) {
1516         // q_comp = 1 if CEED_EVAL_NONE, CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT caught by QF Assembly
1517         CeedCallBackend(CeedRealloc(num_eval_modes_in + q_comp, &eval_modes_in));
1518         for (CeedInt d = 0; d < q_comp; d++) {
1519           eval_modes_in[num_eval_modes_in + d] = eval_mode;
1520         }
1521         num_eval_modes_in += q_comp;
1522       }
1523     }
1524     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&vec));
1525   }
1526 
1527   // Determine active output basis; basis_out and rstr_out only used if same as input, TODO
1528   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionGetFields(qf, NULL, NULL, NULL, &qf_fields));
1529   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_output_fields; i++) {
1530     CeedVector vec;
1531 
1532     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(output_fields[i], &vec));
1533     if (vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) {
1534       CeedEvalMode        eval_mode;
1535       CeedElemRestriction elem_rstr;
1536       CeedBasis           basis;
1537 
1538       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(output_fields[i], &basis));
1539       CeedCheck(!basis_out || basis_out == basis, ceed, CEED_ERROR_BACKEND,
1540                 "Backend does not implement operator assembly with multiple active bases");
1541       if (!basis_out) CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisReferenceCopy(basis, &basis_out));
1542       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisDestroy(&basis));
1543       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(output_fields[i], &elem_rstr));
1544       if (!rstr_out) CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionReferenceCopy(elem_rstr, &rstr_out));
1545       CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&elem_rstr));
1546       CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetElementSize(rstr_out, &elem_size_out));
1547       if (basis_out == CEED_BASIS_NONE) num_qpts_out = elem_size_out;
1548       else CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadraturePoints(basis_out, &num_qpts_out));
1549       CeedCheck(num_qpts_in == num_qpts_out, ceed, CEED_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED,
1550                 "Active input and output bases must have the same number of quadrature points");
1551       CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_fields[i], &eval_mode));
1552       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadratureComponents(basis_out, eval_mode, &q_comp));
1553       if (eval_mode != CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT) {
1554         // q_comp = 1 if CEED_EVAL_NONE, CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT caught by QF Assembly
1555         CeedCallBackend(CeedRealloc(num_eval_modes_out + q_comp, &eval_modes_out));
1556         for (CeedInt d = 0; d < q_comp; d++) {
1557           eval_modes_out[num_eval_modes_out + d] = eval_mode;
1558         }
1559         num_eval_modes_out += q_comp;
1560       }
1561     }
1562     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&vec));
1563   }
1564   CeedCheck(num_eval_modes_in > 0 && num_eval_modes_out > 0, ceed, CEED_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED, "Cannot assemble operator without inputs/outputs");
1565 
1566   CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(1, &impl->asmb));
1567   CeedOperatorAssemble_Hip *asmb = impl->asmb;
1568   asmb->elems_per_block          = 1;
1569   asmb->block_size_x             = elem_size_in;
1570   asmb->block_size_y             = elem_size_out;
1571 
1572   CeedCallBackend(CeedGetData(ceed, &hip_data));
1573   bool fallback = asmb->block_size_x * asmb->block_size_y * asmb->elems_per_block > hip_data->device_prop.maxThreadsPerBlock;
1574 
1575   if (fallback) {
1576     // Use fallback kernel with 1D threadblock
1577     asmb->block_size_y = 1;
1578   }
1579 
1580   // Compile kernels
1581   const char assembly_kernel_source[] = "// Full assembly source\n#include <ceed/jit-source/hip/hip-ref-operator-assemble.h>\n";
1582 
1583   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetNumComponents(rstr_in, &num_comp_in));
1584   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetNumComponents(rstr_out, &num_comp_out));
1585   CeedCallBackend(CeedCompile_Hip(ceed, assembly_kernel_source, &asmb->module, 10, "NUM_EVAL_MODES_IN", num_eval_modes_in, "NUM_EVAL_MODES_OUT",
1586                                   num_eval_modes_out, "NUM_COMP_IN", num_comp_in, "NUM_COMP_OUT", num_comp_out, "NUM_NODES_IN", elem_size_in,
1587                                   "NUM_NODES_OUT", elem_size_out, "NUM_QPTS", num_qpts_in, "BLOCK_SIZE",
1588                                   asmb->block_size_x * asmb->block_size_y * asmb->elems_per_block, "BLOCK_SIZE_Y", asmb->block_size_y, "USE_CEEDSIZE",
1589                                   use_ceedsize_idx));
1590   CeedCallBackend(CeedGetKernel_Hip(ceed, asmb->module, "LinearAssemble", &asmb->LinearAssemble));
1591 
1592   // Load into B_in, in order that they will be used in eval_modes_in
1593   {
1594     const CeedInt in_bytes           = elem_size_in * num_qpts_in * num_eval_modes_in * sizeof(CeedScalar);
1595     CeedInt       d_in               = 0;
1596     CeedEvalMode  eval_modes_in_prev = CEED_EVAL_NONE;
1597     bool          has_eval_none      = false;
1598     CeedScalar   *identity           = NULL;
1599 
1600     for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_eval_modes_in; i++) {
1601       has_eval_none = has_eval_none || (eval_modes_in[i] == CEED_EVAL_NONE);
1602     }
1603     if (has_eval_none) {
1604       CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(elem_size_in * num_qpts_in, &identity));
1605       for (CeedInt i = 0; i < (elem_size_in < num_qpts_in ? elem_size_in : num_qpts_in); i++) identity[i * elem_size_in + i] = 1.0;
1606     }
1607 
1608     CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMalloc((void **)&asmb->d_B_in, in_bytes));
1609     for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_eval_modes_in; i++) {
1610       const CeedScalar *h_B_in;
1611 
1612       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetBasisPointer(basis_in, eval_modes_in[i], identity, &h_B_in));
1613       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadratureComponents(basis_in, eval_modes_in[i], &q_comp));
1614       if (q_comp > 1) {
1615         if (i == 0 || eval_modes_in[i] != eval_modes_in_prev) d_in = 0;
1616         else h_B_in = &h_B_in[(++d_in) * elem_size_in * num_qpts_in];
1617       }
1618       eval_modes_in_prev = eval_modes_in[i];
1619 
1620       CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMemcpy(&asmb->d_B_in[i * elem_size_in * num_qpts_in], h_B_in, elem_size_in * num_qpts_in * sizeof(CeedScalar),
1621                                   hipMemcpyHostToDevice));
1622     }
1623     CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&identity));
1624   }
1625   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&eval_modes_in));
1626 
1627   // Load into B_out, in order that they will be used in eval_modes_out
1628   {
1629     const CeedInt out_bytes           = elem_size_out * num_qpts_out * num_eval_modes_out * sizeof(CeedScalar);
1630     CeedInt       d_out               = 0;
1631     CeedEvalMode  eval_modes_out_prev = CEED_EVAL_NONE;
1632     bool          has_eval_none       = false;
1633     CeedScalar   *identity            = NULL;
1634 
1635     for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_eval_modes_out; i++) {
1636       has_eval_none = has_eval_none || (eval_modes_out[i] == CEED_EVAL_NONE);
1637     }
1638     if (has_eval_none) {
1639       CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(elem_size_out * num_qpts_out, &identity));
1640       for (CeedInt i = 0; i < (elem_size_out < num_qpts_out ? elem_size_out : num_qpts_out); i++) identity[i * elem_size_out + i] = 1.0;
1641     }
1642 
1643     CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMalloc((void **)&asmb->d_B_out, out_bytes));
1644     for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_eval_modes_out; i++) {
1645       const CeedScalar *h_B_out;
1646 
1647       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetBasisPointer(basis_out, eval_modes_out[i], identity, &h_B_out));
1648       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadratureComponents(basis_out, eval_modes_out[i], &q_comp));
1649       if (q_comp > 1) {
1650         if (i == 0 || eval_modes_out[i] != eval_modes_out_prev) d_out = 0;
1651         else h_B_out = &h_B_out[(++d_out) * elem_size_out * num_qpts_out];
1652       }
1653       eval_modes_out_prev = eval_modes_out[i];
1654 
1655       CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMemcpy(&asmb->d_B_out[i * elem_size_out * num_qpts_out], h_B_out, elem_size_out * num_qpts_out * sizeof(CeedScalar),
1656                                   hipMemcpyHostToDevice));
1657     }
1658     CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&identity));
1659   }
1660   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&eval_modes_out));
1661   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&rstr_in));
1662   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&rstr_out));
1663   CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisDestroy(&basis_in));
1664   CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisDestroy(&basis_out));
1665   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
1666 }
1667 
1668 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1669 // Assemble matrix data for COO matrix of assembled operator.
1670 // The sparsity pattern is set by CeedOperatorLinearAssembleSymbolic.
1671 //
1672 // Note that this (and other assembly routines) currently assume only one active input restriction/basis per operator
1673 // (could have multiple basis eval modes).
1674 // TODO: allow multiple active input restrictions/basis objects
1675 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1676 static int CeedSingleOperatorAssemble_Hip(CeedOperator op, CeedInt offset, CeedVector values) {
1677   Ceed                ceed;
1678   CeedSize            values_length = 0, assembled_qf_length = 0;
1679   CeedInt             use_ceedsize_idx = 0, num_elem_in, num_elem_out, elem_size_in, elem_size_out;
1680   CeedScalar         *values_array;
1681   const CeedScalar   *assembled_qf_array;
1682   CeedVector          assembled_qf   = NULL;
1683   CeedElemRestriction assembled_rstr = NULL, rstr_in, rstr_out;
1684   CeedRestrictionType rstr_type_in, rstr_type_out;
1685   const bool         *orients_in = NULL, *orients_out = NULL;
1686   const CeedInt8     *curl_orients_in = NULL, *curl_orients_out = NULL;
1687   CeedOperator_Hip   *impl;
1688 
1689   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetCeed(op, &ceed));
1690   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetData(op, &impl));
1691 
1692   // Assemble QFunction
1693   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorLinearAssembleQFunctionBuildOrUpdate(op, &assembled_qf, &assembled_rstr, CEED_REQUEST_IMMEDIATE));
1694   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&assembled_rstr));
1695   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetArrayRead(assembled_qf, CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &assembled_qf_array));
1696 
1697   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetLength(values, &values_length));
1698   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetLength(assembled_qf, &assembled_qf_length));
1699   if ((values_length > INT_MAX) || (assembled_qf_length > INT_MAX)) use_ceedsize_idx = 1;
1700 
1701   // Setup
1702   if (!impl->asmb) CeedCallBackend(CeedSingleOperatorAssembleSetup_Hip(op, use_ceedsize_idx));
1703   CeedOperatorAssemble_Hip *asmb = impl->asmb;
1704 
1705   assert(asmb != NULL);
1706 
1707   // Assemble element operator
1708   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetArray(values, CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &values_array));
1709   values_array += offset;
1710 
1711   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetActiveElemRestrictions(op, &rstr_in, &rstr_out));
1712   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetNumElements(rstr_in, &num_elem_in));
1713   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetElementSize(rstr_in, &elem_size_in));
1714 
1715   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetType(rstr_in, &rstr_type_in));
1716   if (rstr_type_in == CEED_RESTRICTION_ORIENTED) {
1717     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetOrientations(rstr_in, CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &orients_in));
1718   } else if (rstr_type_in == CEED_RESTRICTION_CURL_ORIENTED) {
1719     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetCurlOrientations(rstr_in, CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &curl_orients_in));
1720   }
1721 
1722   if (rstr_in != rstr_out) {
1723     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetNumElements(rstr_out, &num_elem_out));
1724     CeedCheck(num_elem_in == num_elem_out, ceed, CEED_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED,
1725               "Active input and output operator restrictions must have the same number of elements");
1726     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetElementSize(rstr_out, &elem_size_out));
1727 
1728     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetType(rstr_out, &rstr_type_out));
1729     if (rstr_type_out == CEED_RESTRICTION_ORIENTED) {
1730       CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetOrientations(rstr_out, CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &orients_out));
1731     } else if (rstr_type_out == CEED_RESTRICTION_CURL_ORIENTED) {
1732       CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetCurlOrientations(rstr_out, CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &curl_orients_out));
1733     }
1734   } else {
1735     elem_size_out    = elem_size_in;
1736     orients_out      = orients_in;
1737     curl_orients_out = curl_orients_in;
1738   }
1739 
1740   // Compute B^T D B
1741   CeedInt shared_mem =
1742       ((curl_orients_in || curl_orients_out ? elem_size_in * elem_size_out : 0) + (curl_orients_in ? elem_size_in * asmb->block_size_y : 0)) *
1743       sizeof(CeedScalar);
1744   CeedInt grid   = CeedDivUpInt(num_elem_in, asmb->elems_per_block);
1745   void   *args[] = {(void *)&num_elem_in, &asmb->d_B_in,     &asmb->d_B_out,      &orients_in,  &curl_orients_in,
1746                     &orients_out,         &curl_orients_out, &assembled_qf_array, &values_array};
1747 
1748   CeedCallBackend(
1749       CeedRunKernelDimShared_Hip(ceed, asmb->LinearAssemble, grid, asmb->block_size_x, asmb->block_size_y, asmb->elems_per_block, shared_mem, args));
1750 
1751   // Restore arrays
1752   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorRestoreArray(values, &values_array));
1753   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorRestoreArrayRead(assembled_qf, &assembled_qf_array));
1754 
1755   // Cleanup
1756   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&assembled_qf));
1757   if (rstr_type_in == CEED_RESTRICTION_ORIENTED) {
1758     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionRestoreOrientations(rstr_in, &orients_in));
1759   } else if (rstr_type_in == CEED_RESTRICTION_CURL_ORIENTED) {
1760     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionRestoreCurlOrientations(rstr_in, &curl_orients_in));
1761   }
1762   if (rstr_in != rstr_out) {
1763     if (rstr_type_out == CEED_RESTRICTION_ORIENTED) {
1764       CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionRestoreOrientations(rstr_out, &orients_out));
1765     } else if (rstr_type_out == CEED_RESTRICTION_CURL_ORIENTED) {
1766       CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionRestoreCurlOrientations(rstr_out, &curl_orients_out));
1767     }
1768   }
1769   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&rstr_in));
1770   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&rstr_out));
1771   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
1772 }
1773 
1774 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1775 // Assemble Linear QFunction AtPoints
1776 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1777 static int CeedOperatorLinearAssembleQFunctionAtPoints_Hip(CeedOperator op, CeedVector *assembled, CeedElemRestriction *rstr, CeedRequest *request) {
1778   return CeedError(CeedOperatorReturnCeed(op), CEED_ERROR_BACKEND, "Backend does not implement CeedOperatorLinearAssembleQFunction");
1779 }
1780 
1781 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1782 // Assemble Linear Diagonal AtPoints
1783 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1784 static int CeedOperatorLinearAssembleAddDiagonalAtPoints_Hip(CeedOperator op, CeedVector assembled, CeedRequest *request) {
1785   CeedInt             max_num_points, *num_points, num_elem, num_input_fields, num_output_fields;
1786   Ceed                ceed;
1787   CeedVector          active_e_vec_in, active_e_vec_out;
1788   CeedQFunctionField *qf_input_fields, *qf_output_fields;
1789   CeedQFunction       qf;
1790   CeedOperatorField  *op_input_fields, *op_output_fields;
1791   CeedOperator_Hip   *impl;
1792 
1793   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetCeed(op, &ceed));
1794   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetData(op, &impl));
1795   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetQFunction(op, &qf));
1796   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetNumElements(op, &num_elem));
1797   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetFields(op, &num_input_fields, &op_input_fields, &num_output_fields, &op_output_fields));
1798   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionGetFields(qf, NULL, &qf_input_fields, NULL, &qf_output_fields));
1799 
1800   // Setup
1801   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorSetupAtPoints_Hip(op));
1802   num_points     = impl->num_points;
1803   max_num_points = impl->max_num_points;
1804 
1805   // Work vector
1806   CeedCallBackend(CeedGetWorkVector(ceed, impl->max_active_e_vec_len, &active_e_vec_in));
1807   CeedCallBackend(CeedGetWorkVector(ceed, impl->max_active_e_vec_len, &active_e_vec_out));
1808   {
1809     CeedSize length_in, length_out;
1810 
1811     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetLength(active_e_vec_in, &length_in));
1812     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetLength(active_e_vec_out, &length_out));
1813     // Need input e_vec to be longer
1814     if (length_in < length_out) {
1815       CeedVector temp = active_e_vec_in;
1816 
1817       active_e_vec_in  = active_e_vec_out;
1818       active_e_vec_out = temp;
1819     }
1820   }
1821 
1822   // Get point coordinates
1823   if (!impl->point_coords_elem) {
1824     CeedVector          point_coords = NULL;
1825     CeedElemRestriction rstr_points  = NULL;
1826 
1827     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorAtPointsGetPoints(op, &rstr_points, &point_coords));
1828     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionCreateVector(rstr_points, NULL, &impl->point_coords_elem));
1829     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionApply(rstr_points, CEED_NOTRANSPOSE, point_coords, impl->point_coords_elem, request));
1830     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&point_coords));
1831     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&rstr_points));
1832   }
1833 
1834   // Process inputs
1835   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_input_fields; i++) {
1836     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorInputRestrict_Hip(op_input_fields[i], qf_input_fields[i], i, NULL, NULL, true, impl, request));
1837     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorInputBasisAtPoints_Hip(op_input_fields[i], qf_input_fields[i], i, NULL, NULL, num_elem, num_points, true, impl));
1838   }
1839 
1840   // Clear active input Qvecs
1841   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_input_fields; i++) {
1842     bool       is_active = false;
1843     CeedVector l_vec;
1844 
1845     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_input_fields[i], &l_vec));
1846     is_active = l_vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE;
1847     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&l_vec));
1848     if (!is_active) continue;
1849     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorSetValue(impl->q_vecs_in[i], 0.0));
1850   }
1851 
1852   // Output pointers, as necessary
1853   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_output_fields; i++) {
1854     CeedEvalMode eval_mode;
1855 
1856     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_output_fields[i], &eval_mode));
1857     if (eval_mode == CEED_EVAL_NONE) {
1858       CeedScalar *e_vec_array;
1859 
1860       CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetArrayWrite(impl->e_vecs_out[i], CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &e_vec_array));
1861       CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorSetArray(impl->q_vecs_out[i], CEED_MEM_DEVICE, CEED_USE_POINTER, e_vec_array));
1862     }
1863   }
1864 
1865   // Loop over active fields
1866   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_input_fields; i++) {
1867     bool                is_active = false, is_active_at_points = true;
1868     CeedInt             elem_size = 1, num_comp_active = 1, e_vec_size = 0;
1869     CeedRestrictionType rstr_type;
1870     CeedVector          l_vec;
1871     CeedElemRestriction elem_rstr;
1872 
1873     // -- Skip non-active input
1874     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_input_fields[i], &l_vec));
1875     is_active = l_vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE;
1876     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&l_vec));
1877     if (!is_active) continue;
1878 
1879     // -- Get active restriction type
1880     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(op_input_fields[i], &elem_rstr));
1881     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetType(elem_rstr, &rstr_type));
1882     is_active_at_points = rstr_type == CEED_RESTRICTION_POINTS;
1883     if (!is_active_at_points) CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetElementSize(elem_rstr, &elem_size));
1884     else elem_size = max_num_points;
1885     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetNumComponents(elem_rstr, &num_comp_active));
1886     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&elem_rstr));
1887 
1888     e_vec_size = elem_size * num_comp_active;
1889     for (CeedInt s = 0; s < e_vec_size; s++) {
1890       bool         is_active = false;
1891       CeedEvalMode eval_mode;
1892       CeedVector   l_vec, q_vec = impl->q_vecs_in[i];
1893 
1894       // Skip non-active input
1895       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_input_fields[i], &l_vec));
1896       is_active = l_vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE;
1897       CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&l_vec));
1898       if (!is_active) continue;
1899 
1900       // Update unit vector
1901       if (s == 0) CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorSetValue(active_e_vec_in, 0.0));
1902       else CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorSetValueStrided(active_e_vec_in, s - 1, e_vec_size, 0.0));
1903       CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorSetValueStrided(active_e_vec_in, s, e_vec_size, 1.0));
1904 
1905       // Basis action
1906       CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_input_fields[i], &eval_mode));
1907       switch (eval_mode) {
1908         case CEED_EVAL_NONE: {
1909           const CeedScalar *e_vec_array;
1910 
1911           CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetArrayRead(active_e_vec_in, CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &e_vec_array));
1912           CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorSetArray(q_vec, CEED_MEM_DEVICE, CEED_USE_POINTER, (CeedScalar *)e_vec_array));
1913           break;
1914         }
1915         case CEED_EVAL_INTERP:
1916         case CEED_EVAL_GRAD:
1917         case CEED_EVAL_DIV:
1918         case CEED_EVAL_CURL: {
1919           CeedBasis basis;
1920 
1921           CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(op_input_fields[i], &basis));
1922           CeedCallBackend(
1923               CeedBasisApplyAtPoints(basis, num_elem, num_points, CEED_NOTRANSPOSE, eval_mode, impl->point_coords_elem, active_e_vec_in, q_vec));
1924           CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisDestroy(&basis));
1925           break;
1926         }
1927         case CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT:
1928           break;  // No action
1929       }
1930 
1931       // Q function
1932       CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionApply(qf, num_elem * max_num_points, impl->q_vecs_in, impl->q_vecs_out));
1933 
1934       // Output basis apply if needed
1935       for (CeedInt j = 0; j < num_output_fields; j++) {
1936         bool                is_active = false;
1937         CeedInt             elem_size = 0;
1938         CeedRestrictionType rstr_type;
1939         CeedEvalMode        eval_mode;
1940         CeedVector          l_vec, e_vec = impl->e_vecs_out[j], q_vec = impl->q_vecs_out[j];
1941         CeedElemRestriction elem_rstr;
1942 
1943         // ---- Skip non-active output
1944         CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_output_fields[j], &l_vec));
1945         is_active = l_vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE;
1946         CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&l_vec));
1947         if (!is_active) continue;
1948         if (!e_vec) e_vec = active_e_vec_out;
1949 
1950         // ---- Check if elem size matches
1951         CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(op_output_fields[j], &elem_rstr));
1952         CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetType(elem_rstr, &rstr_type));
1953         if (is_active_at_points && rstr_type != CEED_RESTRICTION_POINTS) continue;
1954         if (rstr_type == CEED_RESTRICTION_POINTS) {
1955           CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetMaxPointsInElement(elem_rstr, &elem_size));
1956         } else {
1957           CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetElementSize(elem_rstr, &elem_size));
1958         }
1959         {
1960           CeedInt num_comp = 0;
1961 
1962           CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetNumComponents(elem_rstr, &num_comp));
1963           if (e_vec_size != num_comp * elem_size) continue;
1964         }
1965 
1966         // Basis action
1967         CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_output_fields[j], &eval_mode));
1968         switch (eval_mode) {
1969           case CEED_EVAL_NONE: {
1970             CeedScalar *e_vec_array;
1971 
1972             CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorTakeArray(q_vec, CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &e_vec_array));
1973             CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorRestoreArray(e_vec, &e_vec_array));
1974             break;
1975           }
1976           case CEED_EVAL_INTERP:
1977           case CEED_EVAL_GRAD:
1978           case CEED_EVAL_DIV:
1979           case CEED_EVAL_CURL: {
1980             CeedBasis basis;
1981 
1982             CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(op_output_fields[j], &basis));
1983             CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisApplyAtPoints(basis, num_elem, num_points, CEED_TRANSPOSE, eval_mode, impl->point_coords_elem, q_vec, e_vec));
1984             CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisDestroy(&basis));
1985             break;
1986           }
1987           // LCOV_EXCL_START
1988           case CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT: {
1989             return CeedError(CeedOperatorReturnCeed(op), CEED_ERROR_BACKEND, "CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT cannot be an output evaluation mode");
1990             // LCOV_EXCL_STOP
1991           }
1992         }
1993 
1994         // Mask output e-vec
1995         CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorPointwiseMult(e_vec, active_e_vec_in, e_vec));
1996 
1997         // Restrict
1998         CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionApply(elem_rstr, CEED_TRANSPOSE, e_vec, assembled, request));
1999         CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&elem_rstr));
2000 
2001         // Reset q_vec for
2002         if (eval_mode == CEED_EVAL_NONE) {
2003           CeedScalar *e_vec_array;
2004 
2005           CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetArrayWrite(e_vec, CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &e_vec_array));
2006           CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorSetArray(q_vec, CEED_MEM_DEVICE, CEED_USE_POINTER, e_vec_array));
2007         }
2008       }
2009 
2010       // Reset vec
2011       if (s == e_vec_size - 1 && i != num_input_fields - 1) CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorSetValue(q_vec, 0.0));
2012     }
2013   }
2014 
2015   // Restore CEED_EVAL_NONE
2016   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_output_fields; i++) {
2017     CeedEvalMode eval_mode;
2018 
2019     // Get eval_mode
2020     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_output_fields[i], &eval_mode));
2021 
2022     // Restore evec
2023     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_output_fields[i], &eval_mode));
2024     if (eval_mode == CEED_EVAL_NONE) {
2025       CeedScalar *e_vec_array;
2026 
2027       CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorTakeArray(impl->q_vecs_in[i], CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &e_vec_array));
2028       CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorRestoreArray(impl->e_vecs_in[i], &e_vec_array));
2029     }
2030   }
2031 
2032   // Restore input arrays
2033   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_input_fields; i++) {
2034     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorInputRestore_Hip(op_input_fields[i], qf_input_fields[i], i, NULL, NULL, true, impl));
2035   }
2036 
2037   // Restore work vector
2038   CeedCallBackend(CeedRestoreWorkVector(ceed, &active_e_vec_in));
2039   CeedCallBackend(CeedRestoreWorkVector(ceed, &active_e_vec_out));
2040   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
2041 }
2042 
2043 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2044 // Create operator
2045 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2046 int CeedOperatorCreate_Hip(CeedOperator op) {
2047   Ceed              ceed;
2048   CeedOperator_Hip *impl;
2049 
2050   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetCeed(op, &ceed));
2051   CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(1, &impl));
2052   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorSetData(op, impl));
2053 
2054   CeedCallBackend(CeedSetBackendFunction(ceed, "Operator", op, "LinearAssembleQFunction", CeedOperatorLinearAssembleQFunction_Hip));
2055   CeedCallBackend(CeedSetBackendFunction(ceed, "Operator", op, "LinearAssembleQFunctionUpdate", CeedOperatorLinearAssembleQFunctionUpdate_Hip));
2056   CeedCallBackend(CeedSetBackendFunction(ceed, "Operator", op, "LinearAssembleAddDiagonal", CeedOperatorLinearAssembleAddDiagonal_Hip));
2057   CeedCallBackend(
2058       CeedSetBackendFunction(ceed, "Operator", op, "LinearAssembleAddPointBlockDiagonal", CeedOperatorLinearAssembleAddPointBlockDiagonal_Hip));
2059   CeedCallBackend(CeedSetBackendFunction(ceed, "Operator", op, "LinearAssembleSingle", CeedSingleOperatorAssemble_Hip));
2060   CeedCallBackend(CeedSetBackendFunction(ceed, "Operator", op, "ApplyAdd", CeedOperatorApplyAdd_Hip));
2061   CeedCallBackend(CeedSetBackendFunction(ceed, "Operator", op, "Destroy", CeedOperatorDestroy_Hip));
2062   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
2063 }
2064 
2065 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2066 // Create operator AtPoints
2067 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2068 int CeedOperatorCreateAtPoints_Hip(CeedOperator op) {
2069   Ceed              ceed;
2070   CeedOperator_Hip *impl;
2071 
2072   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetCeed(op, &ceed));
2073   CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(1, &impl));
2074   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorSetData(op, impl));
2075 
2076   CeedCallBackend(CeedSetBackendFunction(ceed, "Operator", op, "LinearAssembleQFunction", CeedOperatorLinearAssembleQFunctionAtPoints_Hip));
2077   CeedCallBackend(CeedSetBackendFunction(ceed, "Operator", op, "LinearAssembleAddDiagonal", CeedOperatorLinearAssembleAddDiagonalAtPoints_Hip));
2078   CeedCallBackend(CeedSetBackendFunction(ceed, "Operator", op, "ApplyAdd", CeedOperatorApplyAddAtPoints_Hip));
2079   CeedCallBackend(CeedSetBackendFunction(ceed, "Operator", op, "Destroy", CeedOperatorDestroy_Hip));
2080   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
2081 }
2082 
2083 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2084