xref: /libCEED/backends/hip-ref/ceed-hip-ref-operator.c (revision 58c07c4fa7bdba34c2b29fbdcd58893d48c3fd9e)
1 // Copyright (c) 2017-2022, Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC and other CEED contributors.
2 // All Rights Reserved. See the top-level LICENSE and NOTICE files for details.
3 //
4 // SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
5 //
6 // This file is part of CEED:  http://github.com/ceed
7 
8 #include <ceed.h>
9 #include <ceed/backend.h>
10 #include <ceed/jit-tools.h>
11 #include <assert.h>
12 #include <stdbool.h>
13 #include <string.h>
14 #include <hip/hip_runtime.h>
15 
16 #include "../hip/ceed-hip-common.h"
17 #include "../hip/ceed-hip-compile.h"
18 #include "ceed-hip-ref.h"
19 
20 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
21 // Destroy operator
22 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
23 static int CeedOperatorDestroy_Hip(CeedOperator op) {
24   CeedOperator_Hip *impl;
25 
26   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetData(op, &impl));
27 
28   // Apply data
29   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < impl->num_inputs + impl->num_outputs; i++) {
30     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&impl->e_vecs[i]));
31   }
32   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&impl->e_vecs));
33 
34   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < impl->num_inputs; i++) {
35     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&impl->q_vecs_in[i]));
36   }
37   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&impl->q_vecs_in));
38 
39   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < impl->num_outputs; i++) {
40     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&impl->q_vecs_out[i]));
41   }
42   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&impl->q_vecs_out));
43 
44   // QFunction assembly data
45   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < impl->num_active_in; i++) {
46     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&impl->qf_active_in[i]));
47   }
48   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&impl->qf_active_in));
49 
50   // Diag data
51   if (impl->diag) {
52     Ceed ceed;
53 
54     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetCeed(op, &ceed));
55     CeedCallHip(ceed, hipModuleUnload(impl->diag->module));
56     CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&impl->diag->h_e_mode_in));
57     CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&impl->diag->h_e_mode_out));
58     CeedCallHip(ceed, hipFree(impl->diag->d_e_mode_in));
59     CeedCallHip(ceed, hipFree(impl->diag->d_e_mode_out));
60     CeedCallHip(ceed, hipFree(impl->diag->d_identity));
61     CeedCallHip(ceed, hipFree(impl->diag->d_interp_in));
62     CeedCallHip(ceed, hipFree(impl->diag->d_interp_out));
63     CeedCallHip(ceed, hipFree(impl->diag->d_grad_in));
64     CeedCallHip(ceed, hipFree(impl->diag->d_grad_out));
65     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&impl->diag->point_block_diag_rstr));
66     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&impl->diag->elem_diag));
67     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&impl->diag->point_block_elem_diag));
68   }
69   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&impl->diag));
70 
71   if (impl->asmb) {
72     Ceed ceed;
73 
74     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetCeed(op, &ceed));
75     CeedCallHip(ceed, hipModuleUnload(impl->asmb->module));
76     CeedCallHip(ceed, hipFree(impl->asmb->d_B_in));
77     CeedCallHip(ceed, hipFree(impl->asmb->d_B_out));
78   }
79   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&impl->asmb));
80 
81   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&impl));
82   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
83 }
84 
85 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
86 // Setup infields or outfields
87 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
88 static int CeedOperatorSetupFields_Hip(CeedQFunction qf, CeedOperator op, bool is_input, CeedVector *e_vecs, CeedVector *q_vecs, CeedInt start_e,
89                                        CeedInt num_fields, CeedInt Q, CeedInt num_elem) {
90   Ceed                ceed;
91   CeedQFunctionField *qf_fields;
92   CeedOperatorField  *op_fields;
93 
94   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetCeed(op, &ceed));
95   if (is_input) {
96     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetFields(op, NULL, &op_fields, NULL, NULL));
97     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionGetFields(qf, NULL, &qf_fields, NULL, NULL));
98   } else {
99     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetFields(op, NULL, NULL, NULL, &op_fields));
100     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionGetFields(qf, NULL, NULL, NULL, &qf_fields));
101   }
102 
103   // Loop over fields
104   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_fields; i++) {
105     bool                is_strided, skip_restriction;
106     CeedSize            q_size;
107     CeedInt             dim, size;
108     CeedEvalMode        e_mode;
109     CeedVector          vec;
110     CeedElemRestriction elem_rstr;
111     CeedBasis           basis;
112 
113     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_fields[i], &e_mode));
114     is_strided       = false;
115     skip_restriction = false;
116     if (e_mode != CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT) {
117       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(op_fields[i], &elem_rstr));
118 
119       // Check whether this field can skip the element restriction:
120       // must be passive input, with e_mode NONE, and have a strided restriction with CEED_STRIDES_BACKEND.
121 
122       // First, check whether the field is input or output:
123       if (is_input) {
124         // Check for passive input:
125         CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_fields[i], &vec));
126         if (vec != CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) {
127           // Check e_mode
128           if (e_mode == CEED_EVAL_NONE) {
129             // Check for strided restriction
130             CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionIsStrided(elem_rstr, &is_strided));
131             if (is_strided) {
132               // Check if vector is already in preferred backend ordering
133               CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionHasBackendStrides(elem_rstr, &skip_restriction));
134             }
135           }
136         }
137       }
138       if (skip_restriction) {
139         // We do not need an E-Vector, but will use the input field vector's data directly in the operator application.
140         e_vecs[i + start_e] = NULL;
141       } else {
142         CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionCreateVector(elem_rstr, NULL, &e_vecs[i + start_e]));
143       }
144     }
145 
146     switch (e_mode) {
147       case CEED_EVAL_NONE:
148         CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetSize(qf_fields[i], &size));
149         q_size = (CeedSize)num_elem * Q * size;
150         CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorCreate(ceed, q_size, &q_vecs[i]));
151         break;
152       case CEED_EVAL_INTERP:
153         CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetSize(qf_fields[i], &size));
154         q_size = (CeedSize)num_elem * Q * size;
155         CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorCreate(ceed, q_size, &q_vecs[i]));
156         break;
157       case CEED_EVAL_GRAD:
158         CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(op_fields[i], &basis));
159         CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetSize(qf_fields[i], &size));
160         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetDimension(basis, &dim));
161         q_size = (CeedSize)num_elem * Q * size;
162         CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorCreate(ceed, q_size, &q_vecs[i]));
163         break;
164       case CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT:  // Only on input fields
165         CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(op_fields[i], &basis));
166         q_size = (CeedSize)num_elem * Q;
167         CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorCreate(ceed, q_size, &q_vecs[i]));
168         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisApply(basis, num_elem, CEED_NOTRANSPOSE, CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT, CEED_VECTOR_NONE, q_vecs[i]));
169         break;
170       case CEED_EVAL_DIV:
171         break;  // TODO: Not implemented
172       case CEED_EVAL_CURL:
173         break;  // TODO: Not implemented
174     }
175   }
176   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
177 }
178 
179 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
180 // CeedOperator needs to connect all the named fields (be they active or passive) to the named inputs and outputs of its CeedQFunction.
181 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
182 static int CeedOperatorSetup_Hip(CeedOperator op) {
183   Ceed                ceed;
184   bool                is_setup_done;
185   CeedInt             Q, num_elem, num_input_fields, num_output_fields;
186   CeedQFunctionField *qf_input_fields, *qf_output_fields;
187   CeedQFunction       qf;
188   CeedOperatorField  *op_input_fields, *op_output_fields;
189   CeedOperator_Hip   *impl;
190 
191   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorIsSetupDone(op, &is_setup_done));
192   if (is_setup_done) return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
193 
194   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetCeed(op, &ceed));
195   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetData(op, &impl));
196   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetQFunction(op, &qf));
197   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetNumQuadraturePoints(op, &Q));
198   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetNumElements(op, &num_elem));
199   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetFields(op, &num_input_fields, &op_input_fields, &num_output_fields, &op_output_fields));
200   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionGetFields(qf, NULL, &qf_input_fields, NULL, &qf_output_fields));
201 
202   // Allocate
203   CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(num_input_fields + num_output_fields, &impl->e_vecs));
204 
205   CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(CEED_FIELD_MAX, &impl->q_vecs_in));
206   CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(CEED_FIELD_MAX, &impl->q_vecs_out));
207 
208   impl->num_inputs  = num_input_fields;
209   impl->num_outputs = num_output_fields;
210 
211   // Set up infield and outfield e_vecs and q_vecs
212   // Infields
213   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorSetupFields_Hip(qf, op, true, impl->e_vecs, impl->q_vecs_in, 0, num_input_fields, Q, num_elem));
214 
215   // Outfields
216   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorSetupFields_Hip(qf, op, false, impl->e_vecs, impl->q_vecs_out, num_input_fields, num_output_fields, Q, num_elem));
217 
218   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorSetSetupDone(op));
219   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
220 }
221 
222 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
223 // Setup Operator Inputs
224 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
225 static inline int CeedOperatorSetupInputs_Hip(CeedInt num_input_fields, CeedQFunctionField *qf_input_fields, CeedOperatorField *op_input_fields,
226                                               CeedVector in_vec, const bool skip_active, CeedScalar *e_data[2 * CEED_FIELD_MAX],
227                                               CeedOperator_Hip *impl, CeedRequest *request) {
228   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_input_fields; i++) {
229     CeedEvalMode        e_mode;
230     CeedVector          vec;
231     CeedElemRestriction elem_rstr;
232 
233     // Get input vector
234     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_input_fields[i], &vec));
235     if (vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) {
236       if (skip_active) continue;
237       else vec = in_vec;
238     }
239 
240     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_input_fields[i], &e_mode));
241     if (e_mode == CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT) {  // Skip
242     } else {
243       // Get input vector
244       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_input_fields[i], &vec));
245       // Get input element restriction
246       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(op_input_fields[i], &elem_rstr));
247       if (vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) vec = in_vec;
248       // Restrict, if necessary
249       if (!impl->e_vecs[i]) {
250         // No restriction for this field; read data directly from vec.
251         CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetArrayRead(vec, CEED_MEM_DEVICE, (const CeedScalar **)&e_data[i]));
252       } else {
253         CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionApply(elem_rstr, CEED_NOTRANSPOSE, vec, impl->e_vecs[i], request));
254         // Get evec
255         CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetArrayRead(impl->e_vecs[i], CEED_MEM_DEVICE, (const CeedScalar **)&e_data[i]));
256       }
257     }
258   }
259   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
260 }
261 
262 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
263 // Input Basis Action
264 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
265 static inline int CeedOperatorInputBasis_Hip(CeedInt num_elem, CeedQFunctionField *qf_input_fields, CeedOperatorField *op_input_fields,
266                                              CeedInt num_input_fields, const bool skip_active, CeedScalar *e_data[2 * CEED_FIELD_MAX],
267                                              CeedOperator_Hip *impl) {
268   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_input_fields; i++) {
269     CeedInt             elem_size, size;
270     CeedEvalMode        e_mode;
271     CeedElemRestriction elem_rstr;
272     CeedBasis           basis;
273 
274     // Skip active input
275     if (skip_active) {
276       CeedVector vec;
277 
278       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_input_fields[i], &vec));
279       if (vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) continue;
280     }
281     // Get elem_size, e_mode, size
282     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(op_input_fields[i], &elem_rstr));
283     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetElementSize(elem_rstr, &elem_size));
284     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_input_fields[i], &e_mode));
285     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetSize(qf_input_fields[i], &size));
286     // Basis action
287     switch (e_mode) {
288       case CEED_EVAL_NONE:
289         CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorSetArray(impl->q_vecs_in[i], CEED_MEM_DEVICE, CEED_USE_POINTER, e_data[i]));
290         break;
291       case CEED_EVAL_INTERP:
292         CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(op_input_fields[i], &basis));
293         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisApply(basis, num_elem, CEED_NOTRANSPOSE, CEED_EVAL_INTERP, impl->e_vecs[i], impl->q_vecs_in[i]));
294         break;
295       case CEED_EVAL_GRAD:
296         CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(op_input_fields[i], &basis));
297         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisApply(basis, num_elem, CEED_NOTRANSPOSE, CEED_EVAL_GRAD, impl->e_vecs[i], impl->q_vecs_in[i]));
298         break;
299       case CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT:
300         break;  // No action
301       case CEED_EVAL_DIV:
302         break;  // TODO: Not implemented
303       case CEED_EVAL_CURL:
304         break;  // TODO: Not implemented
305     }
306   }
307   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
308 }
309 
310 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
311 // Restore Input Vectors
312 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
313 static inline int CeedOperatorRestoreInputs_Hip(CeedInt num_input_fields, CeedQFunctionField *qf_input_fields, CeedOperatorField *op_input_fields,
314                                                 const bool skip_active, CeedScalar *e_data[2 * CEED_FIELD_MAX], CeedOperator_Hip *impl) {
315   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_input_fields; i++) {
316     CeedEvalMode e_mode;
317     CeedVector   vec;
318     // Skip active input
319     if (skip_active) {
320       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_input_fields[i], &vec));
321       if (vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) continue;
322     }
323     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_input_fields[i], &e_mode));
324     if (e_mode == CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT) {  // Skip
325     } else {
326       if (!impl->e_vecs[i]) {  // This was a skip_restriction case
327         CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_input_fields[i], &vec));
328         CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorRestoreArrayRead(vec, (const CeedScalar **)&e_data[i]));
329       } else {
330         CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorRestoreArrayRead(impl->e_vecs[i], (const CeedScalar **)&e_data[i]));
331       }
332     }
333   }
334   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
335 }
336 
337 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
338 // Apply and add to output
339 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
340 static int CeedOperatorApplyAdd_Hip(CeedOperator op, CeedVector in_vec, CeedVector out_vec, CeedRequest *request) {
341   CeedInt             Q, num_elem, elem_size, num_input_fields, num_output_fields, size;
342   CeedScalar         *e_data[2 * CEED_FIELD_MAX] = {NULL};
343   CeedQFunctionField *qf_input_fields, *qf_output_fields;
344   CeedQFunction       qf;
345   CeedOperatorField  *op_input_fields, *op_output_fields;
346   CeedOperator_Hip   *impl;
347 
348   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetData(op, &impl));
349   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetQFunction(op, &qf));
350   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetNumQuadraturePoints(op, &Q));
351   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetNumElements(op, &num_elem));
352   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetFields(op, &num_input_fields, &op_input_fields, &num_output_fields, &op_output_fields));
353   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionGetFields(qf, NULL, &qf_input_fields, NULL, &qf_output_fields));
354 
355   // Setup
356   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorSetup_Hip(op));
357 
358   // Input Evecs and Restriction
359   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorSetupInputs_Hip(num_input_fields, qf_input_fields, op_input_fields, in_vec, false, e_data, impl, request));
360 
361   // Input basis apply if needed
362   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorInputBasis_Hip(num_elem, qf_input_fields, op_input_fields, num_input_fields, false, e_data, impl));
363 
364   // Output pointers, as necessary
365   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_output_fields; i++) {
366     CeedEvalMode e_mode;
367 
368     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_output_fields[i], &e_mode));
369     if (e_mode == CEED_EVAL_NONE) {
370       // Set the output Q-Vector to use the E-Vector data directly.
371       CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetArrayWrite(impl->e_vecs[i + impl->num_inputs], CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &e_data[i + num_input_fields]));
372       CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorSetArray(impl->q_vecs_out[i], CEED_MEM_DEVICE, CEED_USE_POINTER, e_data[i + num_input_fields]));
373     }
374   }
375 
376   // Q function
377   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionApply(qf, num_elem * Q, impl->q_vecs_in, impl->q_vecs_out));
378 
379   // Output basis apply if needed
380   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_output_fields; i++) {
381     CeedEvalMode        e_mode;
382     CeedElemRestriction elem_rstr;
383     CeedBasis           basis;
384 
385     // Get elem_size, e_mode, size
386     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(op_output_fields[i], &elem_rstr));
387     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetElementSize(elem_rstr, &elem_size));
388     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_output_fields[i], &e_mode));
389     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetSize(qf_output_fields[i], &size));
390     // Basis action
391     switch (e_mode) {
392       case CEED_EVAL_NONE:
393         break;
394       case CEED_EVAL_INTERP:
395         CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(op_output_fields[i], &basis));
396         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisApply(basis, num_elem, CEED_TRANSPOSE, CEED_EVAL_INTERP, impl->q_vecs_out[i], impl->e_vecs[i + impl->num_inputs]));
397         break;
398       case CEED_EVAL_GRAD:
399         CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(op_output_fields[i], &basis));
400         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisApply(basis, num_elem, CEED_TRANSPOSE, CEED_EVAL_GRAD, impl->q_vecs_out[i], impl->e_vecs[i + impl->num_inputs]));
401         break;
402       // LCOV_EXCL_START
403       case CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT: {
404         Ceed ceed;
405 
406         CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetCeed(op, &ceed));
407         return CeedError(ceed, CEED_ERROR_BACKEND, "CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT cannot be an output evaluation mode");
408         break;  // Should not occur
409       }
410       case CEED_EVAL_DIV:
411         break;  // TODO: Not implemented
412       case CEED_EVAL_CURL:
413         break;  // TODO: Not implemented
414                 // LCOV_EXCL_STOP
415     }
416   }
417 
418   // Output restriction
419   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_output_fields; i++) {
420     CeedEvalMode        e_mode;
421     CeedVector          vec;
422     CeedElemRestriction elem_rstr;
423 
424     // Restore evec
425     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_output_fields[i], &e_mode));
426     if (e_mode == CEED_EVAL_NONE) {
427       CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorRestoreArray(impl->e_vecs[i + impl->num_inputs], &e_data[i + num_input_fields]));
428     }
429     // Get output vector
430     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_output_fields[i], &vec));
431     // Restrict
432     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(op_output_fields[i], &elem_rstr));
433     // Active
434     if (vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) vec = out_vec;
435 
436     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionApply(elem_rstr, CEED_TRANSPOSE, impl->e_vecs[i + impl->num_inputs], vec, request));
437   }
438 
439   // Restore input arrays
440   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorRestoreInputs_Hip(num_input_fields, qf_input_fields, op_input_fields, false, e_data, impl));
441   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
442 }
443 
444 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
445 // Core code for assembling linear QFunction
446 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
447 static inline int CeedOperatorLinearAssembleQFunctionCore_Hip(CeedOperator op, bool build_objects, CeedVector *assembled, CeedElemRestriction *rstr,
448                                                               CeedRequest *request) {
449   Ceed                ceed, ceed_parent;
450   bool                is_identity_qf;
451   CeedSize            q_size;
452   CeedInt             num_active_in, num_active_out, Q, num_elem, num_input_fields, num_output_fields, size;
453   CeedScalar         *assembled_array, *e_data[2 * CEED_FIELD_MAX] = {NULL};
454   CeedVector         *active_in;
455   CeedQFunctionField *qf_input_fields, *qf_output_fields;
456   CeedQFunction       qf;
457   CeedOperatorField  *op_input_fields, *op_output_fields;
458   CeedOperator_Hip   *impl;
459 
460   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetCeed(op, &ceed));
461   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetFallbackParentCeed(op, &ceed_parent));
462   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetData(op, &impl));
463   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetQFunction(op, &qf));
464   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetNumQuadraturePoints(op, &Q));
465   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetNumElements(op, &num_elem));
466   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionGetFields(qf, NULL, &qf_input_fields, NULL, &qf_output_fields));
467   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetFields(op, &num_input_fields, &op_input_fields, &num_output_fields, &op_output_fields));
468   active_in      = impl->qf_active_in;
469   num_active_in  = impl->num_active_in;
470   num_active_out = impl->num_active_out;
471 
472   // Setup
473   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorSetup_Hip(op));
474 
475   // Check for identity
476   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionIsIdentity(qf, &is_identity_qf));
477   CeedCheck(!is_identity_qf, ceed, CEED_ERROR_BACKEND, "Assembling identity QFunctions not supported");
478 
479   // Input Evecs and Restriction
480   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorSetupInputs_Hip(num_input_fields, qf_input_fields, op_input_fields, NULL, true, e_data, impl, request));
481 
482   // Count number of active input fields
483   if (!num_active_in) {
484     for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_input_fields; i++) {
485       CeedScalar *q_vec_array;
486       CeedVector  vec;
487 
488       // Get input vector
489       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_input_fields[i], &vec));
490       // Check if active input
491       if (vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) {
492         CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetSize(qf_input_fields[i], &size));
493         CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorSetValue(impl->q_vecs_in[i], 0.0));
494         CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetArray(impl->q_vecs_in[i], CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &q_vec_array));
495         CeedCallBackend(CeedRealloc(num_active_in + size, &active_in));
496         for (CeedInt field = 0; field < size; field++) {
497           q_size = (CeedSize)Q * num_elem;
498           CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorCreate(ceed, q_size, &active_in[num_active_in + field]));
499           CeedCallBackend(
500               CeedVectorSetArray(active_in[num_active_in + field], CEED_MEM_DEVICE, CEED_USE_POINTER, &q_vec_array[field * Q * num_elem]));
501         }
502         num_active_in += size;
503         CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorRestoreArray(impl->q_vecs_in[i], &q_vec_array));
504       }
505     }
506     impl->num_active_in = num_active_in;
507     impl->qf_active_in  = active_in;
508   }
509 
510   // Count number of active output fields
511   if (!num_active_out) {
512     for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_output_fields; i++) {
513       CeedVector vec;
514 
515       // Get output vector
516       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_output_fields[i], &vec));
517       // Check if active output
518       if (vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) {
519         CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetSize(qf_output_fields[i], &size));
520         num_active_out += size;
521       }
522     }
523     impl->num_active_out = num_active_out;
524   }
525 
526   // Check sizes
527   CeedCheck(num_active_in > 0 && num_active_out > 0, ceed, CEED_ERROR_BACKEND, "Cannot assemble QFunction without active inputs and outputs");
528 
529   // Build objects if needed
530   if (build_objects) {
531     // Create output restriction
532     CeedSize l_size     = (CeedSize)num_elem * Q * num_active_in * num_active_out;
533     CeedInt  strides[3] = {1, num_elem * Q, Q}; /* *NOPAD* */
534 
535     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionCreateStrided(ceed_parent, num_elem, Q, num_active_in * num_active_out,
536                                                      num_active_in * num_active_out * num_elem * Q, strides, rstr));
537     // Create assembled vector
538     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorCreate(ceed_parent, l_size, assembled));
539   }
540   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorSetValue(*assembled, 0.0));
541   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetArray(*assembled, CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &assembled_array));
542 
543   // Input basis apply
544   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorInputBasis_Hip(num_elem, qf_input_fields, op_input_fields, num_input_fields, true, e_data, impl));
545 
546   // Assemble QFunction
547   for (CeedInt in = 0; in < num_active_in; in++) {
548     // Set Inputs
549     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorSetValue(active_in[in], 1.0));
550     if (num_active_in > 1) {
551       CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorSetValue(active_in[(in + num_active_in - 1) % num_active_in], 0.0));
552     }
553     // Set Outputs
554     for (CeedInt out = 0; out < num_output_fields; out++) {
555       CeedVector vec;
556 
557       // Get output vector
558       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_output_fields[out], &vec));
559       // Check if active output
560       if (vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) {
561         CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorSetArray(impl->q_vecs_out[out], CEED_MEM_DEVICE, CEED_USE_POINTER, assembled_array));
562         CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetSize(qf_output_fields[out], &size));
563         assembled_array += size * Q * num_elem;  // Advance the pointer by the size of the output
564       }
565     }
566     // Apply QFunction
567     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionApply(qf, Q * num_elem, impl->q_vecs_in, impl->q_vecs_out));
568   }
569 
570   // Un-set output Qvecs to prevent accidental overwrite of Assembled
571   for (CeedInt out = 0; out < num_output_fields; out++) {
572     CeedVector vec;
573 
574     // Get output vector
575     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_output_fields[out], &vec));
576     // Check if active output
577     if (vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) {
578       CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorTakeArray(impl->q_vecs_out[out], CEED_MEM_DEVICE, NULL));
579     }
580   }
581 
582   // Restore input arrays
583   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorRestoreInputs_Hip(num_input_fields, qf_input_fields, op_input_fields, true, e_data, impl));
584 
585   // Restore output
586   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorRestoreArray(*assembled, &assembled_array));
587   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
588 }
589 
590 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
591 // Assemble Linear QFunction
592 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
593 static int CeedOperatorLinearAssembleQFunction_Hip(CeedOperator op, CeedVector *assembled, CeedElemRestriction *rstr, CeedRequest *request) {
594   return CeedOperatorLinearAssembleQFunctionCore_Hip(op, true, assembled, rstr, request);
595 }
596 
597 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
598 // Update Assembled Linear QFunction
599 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
600 static int CeedOperatorLinearAssembleQFunctionUpdate_Hip(CeedOperator op, CeedVector assembled, CeedElemRestriction rstr, CeedRequest *request) {
601   return CeedOperatorLinearAssembleQFunctionCore_Hip(op, false, &assembled, &rstr, request);
602 }
603 
604 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
605 // Create point block restriction
606 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
607 static int CreatePBRestriction(CeedElemRestriction rstr, CeedElemRestriction *point_block_rstr) {
608   Ceed           ceed;
609   CeedSize       l_size;
610   CeedInt        num_elem, num_comp, elem_size, comp_stride, *point_block_offsets;
611   const CeedInt *offsets;
612 
613   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetCeed(rstr, &ceed));
614   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetOffsets(rstr, CEED_MEM_HOST, &offsets));
615 
616   // Expand offsets
617   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetNumElements(rstr, &num_elem));
618   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetNumComponents(rstr, &num_comp));
619   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetElementSize(rstr, &elem_size));
620   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetCompStride(rstr, &comp_stride));
621   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetLVectorSize(rstr, &l_size));
622   CeedInt shift = num_comp;
623 
624   if (comp_stride != 1) shift *= num_comp;
625   CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(num_elem * elem_size, &point_block_offsets));
626   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_elem * elem_size; i++) point_block_offsets[i] = offsets[i] * shift;
627 
628   // Create new restriction
629   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionCreate(ceed, num_elem, elem_size, num_comp * num_comp, 1, l_size * num_comp, CEED_MEM_HOST, CEED_OWN_POINTER,
630                                             point_block_offsets, point_block_rstr));
631 
632   // Cleanup
633   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionRestoreOffsets(rstr, &offsets));
634   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
635 }
636 
637 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
638 // Assemble diagonal setup
639 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
640 static inline int CeedOperatorAssembleDiagonalSetup_Hip(CeedOperator op, const bool is_point_block, CeedInt use_ceedsize_idx) {
641   Ceed                ceed;
642   char               *diagonal_kernel_path, *diagonal_kernel_source;
643   CeedInt             num_input_fields, num_output_fields, num_e_mode_in = 0, num_comp = 0, dim = 1, num_e_mode_out = 0;
644   CeedEvalMode       *e_mode_in = NULL, *e_mode_out = NULL;
645   CeedElemRestriction rstr_in = NULL, rstr_out = NULL;
646   CeedBasis           basis_in = NULL, basis_out = NULL;
647   CeedQFunctionField *qf_fields;
648   CeedQFunction       qf;
649   CeedOperatorField  *op_fields;
650   CeedOperator_Hip   *impl;
651 
652   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetCeed(op, &ceed));
653   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetQFunction(op, &qf));
654   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionGetNumArgs(qf, &num_input_fields, &num_output_fields));
655 
656   // Determine active input basis
657   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetFields(op, NULL, &op_fields, NULL, NULL));
658   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionGetFields(qf, NULL, &qf_fields, NULL, NULL));
659   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_input_fields; i++) {
660     CeedVector vec;
661 
662     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_fields[i], &vec));
663     if (vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) {
664       CeedEvalMode        e_mode;
665       CeedElemRestriction rstr;
666 
667       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(op_fields[i], &basis_in));
668       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumComponents(basis_in, &num_comp));
669       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetDimension(basis_in, &dim));
670       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(op_fields[i], &rstr));
671       CeedCheck(!rstr_in || rstr_in == rstr, ceed, CEED_ERROR_BACKEND,
672                 "Backend does not implement multi-field non-composite operator diagonal assembly");
673       rstr_in = rstr;
674       CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_fields[i], &e_mode));
675       switch (e_mode) {
676         case CEED_EVAL_NONE:
677         case CEED_EVAL_INTERP:
678           CeedCallBackend(CeedRealloc(num_e_mode_in + 1, &e_mode_in));
679           e_mode_in[num_e_mode_in] = e_mode;
680           num_e_mode_in += 1;
681           break;
682         case CEED_EVAL_GRAD:
683           CeedCallBackend(CeedRealloc(num_e_mode_in + dim, &e_mode_in));
684           for (CeedInt d = 0; d < dim; d++) e_mode_in[num_e_mode_in + d] = e_mode;
685           num_e_mode_in += dim;
686           break;
687         case CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT:
688         case CEED_EVAL_DIV:
689         case CEED_EVAL_CURL:
690           break;  // Caught by QF Assembly
691       }
692     }
693   }
694 
695   // Determine active output basis
696   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetFields(op, NULL, NULL, NULL, &op_fields));
697   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionGetFields(qf, NULL, NULL, NULL, &qf_fields));
698   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_output_fields; i++) {
699     CeedVector vec;
700 
701     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_fields[i], &vec));
702     if (vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) {
703       CeedEvalMode        e_mode;
704       CeedElemRestriction rstr;
705 
706       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(op_fields[i], &basis_out));
707       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(op_fields[i], &rstr));
708       CeedCheck(!rstr_out || rstr_out == rstr, ceed, CEED_ERROR_BACKEND,
709                 "Backend does not implement multi-field non-composite operator diagonal assembly");
710       rstr_out = rstr;
711       CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_fields[i], &e_mode));
712       switch (e_mode) {
713         case CEED_EVAL_NONE:
714         case CEED_EVAL_INTERP:
715           CeedCallBackend(CeedRealloc(num_e_mode_out + 1, &e_mode_out));
716           e_mode_out[num_e_mode_out] = e_mode;
717           num_e_mode_out += 1;
718           break;
719         case CEED_EVAL_GRAD:
720           CeedCallBackend(CeedRealloc(num_e_mode_out + dim, &e_mode_out));
721           for (CeedInt d = 0; d < dim; d++) e_mode_out[num_e_mode_out + d] = e_mode;
722           num_e_mode_out += dim;
723           break;
724         case CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT:
725         case CEED_EVAL_DIV:
726         case CEED_EVAL_CURL:
727           break;  // Caught by QF Assembly
728       }
729     }
730   }
731 
732   // Operator data struct
733   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetData(op, &impl));
734   CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(1, &impl->diag));
735   CeedOperatorDiag_Hip *diag = impl->diag;
736 
737   diag->basis_in       = basis_in;
738   diag->basis_out      = basis_out;
739   diag->h_e_mode_in    = e_mode_in;
740   diag->h_e_mode_out   = e_mode_out;
741   diag->num_e_mode_in  = num_e_mode_in;
742   diag->num_e_mode_out = num_e_mode_out;
743 
744   // Assemble kernel
745   CeedCallBackend(CeedGetJitAbsolutePath(ceed, "ceed/jit-source/hip/hip-ref-operator-assemble-diagonal.h", &diagonal_kernel_path));
746   CeedDebug256(ceed, CEED_DEBUG_COLOR_SUCCESS, "----- Loading Diagonal Assembly Kernel Source -----\n");
747   CeedCallBackend(CeedLoadSourceToBuffer(ceed, diagonal_kernel_path, &diagonal_kernel_source));
748   CeedDebug256(ceed, CEED_DEBUG_COLOR_SUCCESS, "----- Loading Diagonal Assembly Source Complete! -----\n");
749   CeedInt num_modes, num_qpts;
750   CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumNodes(basis_in, &num_modes));
751   CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadraturePoints(basis_in, &num_qpts));
752   diag->num_modes = num_modes;
753   CeedCallBackend(CeedCompile_Hip(ceed, diagonal_kernel_source, &diag->module, 6, "NUMEMODEIN", num_e_mode_in, "NUMEMODEOUT", num_e_mode_out,
754                                   "NNODES", num_modes, "NQPTS", num_qpts, "NCOMP", num_comp, "CEEDSIZE", use_ceedsize_idx));
755   CeedCallBackend(CeedGetKernel_Hip(ceed, diag->module, "linearDiagonal", &diag->linearDiagonal));
756   CeedCallBackend(CeedGetKernel_Hip(ceed, diag->module, "linearPointBlockDiagonal", &diag->linearPointBlock));
757   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&diagonal_kernel_path));
758   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&diagonal_kernel_source));
759 
760   // Basis matrices
761   const CeedInt     q_bytes      = num_qpts * sizeof(CeedScalar);
762   const CeedInt     interp_bytes = q_bytes * num_modes;
763   const CeedInt     grad_bytes   = q_bytes * num_modes * dim;
764   const CeedInt     e_mode_bytes = sizeof(CeedEvalMode);
765   const CeedScalar *interp_in, *interp_out, *grad_in, *grad_out;
766 
767   // CEED_EVAL_NONE
768   CeedScalar *identity     = NULL;
769   bool        is_eval_none = false;
770 
771   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_e_mode_in; i++) is_eval_none = is_eval_none || (e_mode_in[i] == CEED_EVAL_NONE);
772   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_e_mode_out; i++) is_eval_none = is_eval_none || (e_mode_out[i] == CEED_EVAL_NONE);
773   if (is_eval_none) {
774     CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(num_qpts * num_modes, &identity));
775     for (CeedInt i = 0; i < (num_modes < num_qpts ? num_modes : num_qpts); i++) identity[i * num_modes + i] = 1.0;
776     CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMalloc((void **)&diag->d_identity, interp_bytes));
777     CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMemcpy(diag->d_identity, identity, interp_bytes, hipMemcpyHostToDevice));
778   }
779 
780   // CEED_EVAL_INTERP
781   CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetInterp(basis_in, &interp_in));
782   CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMalloc((void **)&diag->d_interp_in, interp_bytes));
783   CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMemcpy(diag->d_interp_in, interp_in, interp_bytes, hipMemcpyHostToDevice));
784   CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetInterp(basis_out, &interp_out));
785   CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMalloc((void **)&diag->d_interp_out, interp_bytes));
786   CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMemcpy(diag->d_interp_out, interp_out, interp_bytes, hipMemcpyHostToDevice));
787 
788   // CEED_EVAL_GRAD
789   CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetGrad(basis_in, &grad_in));
790   CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMalloc((void **)&diag->d_grad_in, grad_bytes));
791   CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMemcpy(diag->d_grad_in, grad_in, grad_bytes, hipMemcpyHostToDevice));
792   CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetGrad(basis_out, &grad_out));
793   CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMalloc((void **)&diag->d_grad_out, grad_bytes));
794   CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMemcpy(diag->d_grad_out, grad_out, grad_bytes, hipMemcpyHostToDevice));
795 
796   // Arrays of e_modes
797   CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMalloc((void **)&diag->d_e_mode_in, num_e_mode_in * e_mode_bytes));
798   CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMemcpy(diag->d_e_mode_in, e_mode_in, num_e_mode_in * e_mode_bytes, hipMemcpyHostToDevice));
799   CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMalloc((void **)&diag->d_e_mode_out, num_e_mode_out * e_mode_bytes));
800   CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMemcpy(diag->d_e_mode_out, e_mode_out, num_e_mode_out * e_mode_bytes, hipMemcpyHostToDevice));
801 
802   // Restriction
803   diag->diag_rstr = rstr_out;
804   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
805 }
806 
807 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
808 // Assemble diagonal common code
809 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
810 static inline int CeedOperatorAssembleDiagonalCore_Hip(CeedOperator op, CeedVector assembled, CeedRequest *request, const bool is_point_block) {
811   Ceed                ceed;
812   CeedSize            assembled_length = 0, assembled_qf_length = 0;
813   CeedInt             use_ceedsize_idx = 0, num_elem;
814   CeedScalar         *elem_diag_array;
815   const CeedScalar   *assembled_qf_array;
816   CeedVector          assembled_qf = NULL;
817   CeedElemRestriction rstr         = NULL;
818   CeedOperator_Hip   *impl;
819 
820   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetCeed(op, &ceed));
821   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetData(op, &impl));
822 
823   // Assemble QFunction
824   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorLinearAssembleQFunctionBuildOrUpdate(op, &assembled_qf, &rstr, request));
825   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&rstr));
826 
827   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetLength(assembled, &assembled_length));
828   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetLength(assembled_qf, &assembled_qf_length));
829   if ((assembled_length > INT_MAX) || (assembled_qf_length > INT_MAX)) use_ceedsize_idx = 1;
830 
831   // Setup
832   if (!impl->diag) CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorAssembleDiagonalSetup_Hip(op, is_point_block, use_ceedsize_idx));
833   CeedOperatorDiag_Hip *diag = impl->diag;
834   assert(diag != NULL);
835 
836   // Restriction
837   if (is_point_block && !diag->point_block_diag_rstr) {
838     CeedElemRestriction point_block_diag_rstr;
839 
840     CeedCallBackend(CreatePBRestriction(diag->diag_rstr, &point_block_diag_rstr));
841     diag->point_block_diag_rstr = point_block_diag_rstr;
842   }
843   CeedElemRestriction diag_rstr = is_point_block ? diag->point_block_diag_rstr : diag->diag_rstr;
844 
845   // Create diagonal vector
846   CeedVector elem_diag = is_point_block ? diag->point_block_elem_diag : diag->elem_diag;
847 
848   if (!elem_diag) {
849     // Element diagonal vector
850     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionCreateVector(diag_rstr, NULL, &elem_diag));
851     if (is_point_block) diag->point_block_elem_diag = elem_diag;
852     else diag->elem_diag = elem_diag;
853   }
854   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorSetValue(elem_diag, 0.0));
855 
856   // Assemble element operator diagonals
857   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetArray(elem_diag, CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &elem_diag_array));
858   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetArrayRead(assembled_qf, CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &assembled_qf_array));
859   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetNumElements(diag_rstr, &num_elem));
860 
861   // Compute the diagonal of B^T D B
862   int   elem_per_block = 1;
863   int   grid           = num_elem / elem_per_block + ((num_elem / elem_per_block * elem_per_block < num_elem) ? 1 : 0);
864   void *args[]         = {(void *)&num_elem, &diag->d_identity,  &diag->d_interp_in,  &diag->d_grad_in,    &diag->d_interp_out,
865                           &diag->d_grad_out, &diag->d_e_mode_in, &diag->d_e_mode_out, &assembled_qf_array, &elem_diag_array};
866 
867   if (is_point_block) {
868     CeedCallBackend(CeedRunKernelDim_Hip(ceed, diag->linearPointBlock, grid, diag->num_modes, 1, elem_per_block, args));
869   } else {
870     CeedCallBackend(CeedRunKernelDim_Hip(ceed, diag->linearDiagonal, grid, diag->num_modes, 1, elem_per_block, args));
871   }
872 
873   // Restore arrays
874   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorRestoreArray(elem_diag, &elem_diag_array));
875   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorRestoreArrayRead(assembled_qf, &assembled_qf_array));
876 
877   // Assemble local operator diagonal
878   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionApply(diag_rstr, CEED_TRANSPOSE, elem_diag, assembled, request));
879 
880   // Cleanup
881   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&assembled_qf));
882   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
883 }
884 
885 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
886 // Assemble Linear Diagonal
887 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
888 static int CeedOperatorLinearAssembleAddDiagonal_Hip(CeedOperator op, CeedVector assembled, CeedRequest *request) {
889   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorAssembleDiagonalCore_Hip(op, assembled, request, false));
890   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
891 }
892 
893 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
894 // Assemble Linear Point Block Diagonal
895 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
896 static int CeedOperatorLinearAssembleAddPointBlockDiagonal_Hip(CeedOperator op, CeedVector assembled, CeedRequest *request) {
897   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorAssembleDiagonalCore_Hip(op, assembled, request, true));
898   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
899 }
900 
901 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
902 // Single operator assembly setup
903 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
904 static int CeedSingleOperatorAssembleSetup_Hip(CeedOperator op, CeedInt use_ceedsize_idx) {
905   Ceed    ceed;
906   CeedInt num_input_fields, num_output_fields, num_e_mode_in = 0, dim = 1, num_B_in_mats_to_load = 0, size_B_in = 0, num_qpts = 0, elem_size = 0,
907                                                num_e_mode_out = 0, num_B_out_mats_to_load = 0, size_B_out = 0, num_elem, num_comp;
908   CeedEvalMode       *eval_mode_in = NULL, *eval_mode_out = NULL;
909   CeedElemRestriction rstr_in = NULL, rstr_out = NULL;
910   CeedBasis           basis_in = NULL, basis_out = NULL;
911   CeedQFunctionField *qf_fields;
912   CeedQFunction       qf;
913   CeedOperatorField  *input_fields, *output_fields;
914   CeedOperator_Hip   *impl;
915 
916   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetCeed(op, &ceed));
917   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetData(op, &impl));
918 
919   // Get intput and output fields
920   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetFields(op, &num_input_fields, &input_fields, &num_output_fields, &output_fields));
921 
922   // Determine active input basis eval mode
923   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetQFunction(op, &qf));
924   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionGetFields(qf, NULL, &qf_fields, NULL, NULL));
925   // Note that the kernel will treat each dimension of a gradient action separately;
926   // i.e., when an active input has a CEED_EVAL_GRAD mode, num_e_mode_in will increment by dim.
927   // However, for the purposes of loading the B matrices, it will be treated as one mode, and we will load/copy the entire gradient matrix at once, so
928   // num_B_in_mats_to_load will be incremented by 1.
929   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_input_fields; i++) {
930     CeedVector vec;
931 
932     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(input_fields[i], &vec));
933     if (vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) {
934       CeedEvalMode eval_mode;
935 
936       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(input_fields[i], &basis_in));
937       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetDimension(basis_in, &dim));
938       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadraturePoints(basis_in, &num_qpts));
939       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(input_fields[i], &rstr_in));
940       CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetElementSize(rstr_in, &elem_size));
941       CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_fields[i], &eval_mode));
942       if (eval_mode != CEED_EVAL_NONE) {
943         CeedCallBackend(CeedRealloc(num_B_in_mats_to_load + 1, &eval_mode_in));
944         eval_mode_in[num_B_in_mats_to_load] = eval_mode;
945         num_B_in_mats_to_load += 1;
946         if (eval_mode == CEED_EVAL_GRAD) {
947           num_e_mode_in += dim;
948           size_B_in += dim * elem_size * num_qpts;
949         } else {
950           num_e_mode_in += 1;
951           size_B_in += elem_size * num_qpts;
952         }
953       }
954     }
955   }
956 
957   // Determine active output basis; basis_out and rstr_out only used if same as input, TODO
958   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionGetFields(qf, NULL, NULL, NULL, &qf_fields));
959   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_output_fields; i++) {
960     CeedVector vec;
961 
962     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(output_fields[i], &vec));
963     if (vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) {
964       CeedEvalMode eval_mode;
965 
966       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(output_fields[i], &basis_out));
967       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(output_fields[i], &rstr_out));
968       CeedCheck(!rstr_out || rstr_out == rstr_in, ceed, CEED_ERROR_BACKEND, "Backend does not implement multi-field non-composite operator assembly");
969       CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_fields[i], &eval_mode));
970       if (eval_mode != CEED_EVAL_NONE) {
971         CeedCallBackend(CeedRealloc(num_B_out_mats_to_load + 1, &eval_mode_out));
972         eval_mode_out[num_B_out_mats_to_load] = eval_mode;
973         num_B_out_mats_to_load += 1;
974         if (eval_mode == CEED_EVAL_GRAD) {
975           num_e_mode_out += dim;
976           size_B_out += dim * elem_size * num_qpts;
977         } else {
978           num_e_mode_out += 1;
979           size_B_out += elem_size * num_qpts;
980         }
981       }
982     }
983   }
984 
985   CeedCheck(num_e_mode_in > 0 && num_e_mode_out > 0, ceed, CEED_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED, "Cannot assemble operator without inputs/outputs");
986 
987   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetNumElements(rstr_in, &num_elem));
988   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetNumComponents(rstr_in, &num_comp));
989 
990   CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(1, &impl->asmb));
991   CeedOperatorAssemble_Hip *asmb = impl->asmb;
992   asmb->num_elem                 = num_elem;
993 
994   // Compile kernels
995   int elem_per_block   = 1;
996   asmb->elem_per_block = elem_per_block;
997   CeedInt block_size   = elem_size * elem_size * elem_per_block;
998   char   *assembly_kernel_path, *assembly_kernel_source;
999   CeedCallBackend(CeedGetJitAbsolutePath(ceed, "ceed/jit-source/hip/hip-ref-operator-assemble.h", &assembly_kernel_path));
1000   CeedDebug256(ceed, CEED_DEBUG_COLOR_SUCCESS, "----- Loading Assembly Kernel Source -----\n");
1001   CeedCallBackend(CeedLoadSourceToBuffer(ceed, assembly_kernel_path, &assembly_kernel_source));
1002   CeedDebug256(ceed, CEED_DEBUG_COLOR_SUCCESS, "----- Loading Assembly Source Complete! -----\n");
1003   bool fallback = block_size > 1024;
1004   if (fallback) {  // Use fallback kernel with 1D threadblock
1005     block_size         = elem_size * elem_per_block;
1006     asmb->block_size_x = elem_size;
1007     asmb->block_size_y = 1;
1008   } else {  // Use kernel with 2D threadblock
1009     asmb->block_size_x = elem_size;
1010     asmb->block_size_y = elem_size;
1011   }
1012   CeedCallBackend(CeedCompile_Hip(ceed, assembly_kernel_source, &asmb->module, 8, "NELEM", num_elem, "NUMEMODEIN", num_e_mode_in, "NUMEMODEOUT",
1013                                   num_e_mode_out, "NQPTS", num_qpts, "NNODES", elem_size, "BLOCK_SIZE", block_size, "NCOMP", num_comp, "CEEDSIZE",
1014                                   use_ceedsize_idx));
1015   CeedCallBackend(CeedGetKernel_Hip(ceed, asmb->module, fallback ? "linearAssembleFallback" : "linearAssemble", &asmb->linearAssemble));
1016   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&assembly_kernel_path));
1017   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&assembly_kernel_source));
1018 
1019   // Build 'full' B matrices (not 1D arrays used for tensor-product matrices)
1020   const CeedScalar *interp_in, *grad_in;
1021   CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetInterp(basis_in, &interp_in));
1022   CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetGrad(basis_in, &grad_in));
1023 
1024   // Load into B_in, in order that they will be used in eval_mode
1025   const CeedInt in_bytes  = size_B_in * sizeof(CeedScalar);
1026   CeedInt       mat_start = 0;
1027 
1028   CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMalloc((void **)&asmb->d_B_in, in_bytes));
1029   for (int i = 0; i < num_B_in_mats_to_load; i++) {
1030     CeedEvalMode eval_mode = eval_mode_in[i];
1031     if (eval_mode == CEED_EVAL_INTERP) {
1032       CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMemcpy(&asmb->d_B_in[mat_start], interp_in, elem_size * num_qpts * sizeof(CeedScalar), hipMemcpyHostToDevice));
1033       mat_start += elem_size * num_qpts;
1034     } else if (eval_mode == CEED_EVAL_GRAD) {
1035       CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMemcpy(&asmb->d_B_in[mat_start], grad_in, dim * elem_size * num_qpts * sizeof(CeedScalar), hipMemcpyHostToDevice));
1036       mat_start += dim * elem_size * num_qpts;
1037     }
1038   }
1039 
1040   const CeedScalar *interp_out, *grad_out;
1041 
1042   // Note that this function currently assumes 1 basis, so this should always be true for now
1043   if (basis_out == basis_in) {
1044     interp_out = interp_in;
1045     grad_out   = grad_in;
1046   } else {
1047     CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetInterp(basis_out, &interp_out));
1048     CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetGrad(basis_out, &grad_out));
1049   }
1050 
1051   // Load into B_out, in order that they will be used in eval_mode
1052   const CeedInt out_bytes = size_B_out * sizeof(CeedScalar);
1053 
1054   mat_start = 0;
1055   CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMalloc((void **)&asmb->d_B_out, out_bytes));
1056   for (int i = 0; i < num_B_out_mats_to_load; i++) {
1057     CeedEvalMode eval_mode = eval_mode_out[i];
1058     if (eval_mode == CEED_EVAL_INTERP) {
1059       CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMemcpy(&asmb->d_B_out[mat_start], interp_out, elem_size * num_qpts * sizeof(CeedScalar), hipMemcpyHostToDevice));
1060       mat_start += elem_size * num_qpts;
1061     } else if (eval_mode == CEED_EVAL_GRAD) {
1062       CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMemcpy(&asmb->d_B_out[mat_start], grad_out, dim * elem_size * num_qpts * sizeof(CeedScalar), hipMemcpyHostToDevice));
1063       mat_start += dim * elem_size * num_qpts;
1064     }
1065   }
1066   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
1067 }
1068 
1069 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1070 // Assemble matrix data for COO matrix of assembled operator.
1071 // The sparsity pattern is set by CeedOperatorLinearAssembleSymbolic.
1072 //
1073 // Note that this (and other assembly routines) currently assume only one active input restriction/basis per operator (could have multiple basis eval
1074 // modes).
1075 // TODO: allow multiple active input restrictions/basis objects
1076 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1077 static int CeedSingleOperatorAssemble_Hip(CeedOperator op, CeedInt offset, CeedVector values) {
1078   Ceed                ceed;
1079   CeedSize            values_length = 0, assembled_qf_length = 0;
1080   CeedInt             use_ceedsize_idx = 0;
1081   CeedScalar         *values_array;
1082   const CeedScalar   *qf_array;
1083   CeedVector          assembled_qf = NULL;
1084   CeedElemRestriction rstr_q       = NULL;
1085   CeedOperator_Hip   *impl;
1086 
1087   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetCeed(op, &ceed));
1088   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetData(op, &impl));
1089 
1090   // Assemble QFunction
1091   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorLinearAssembleQFunctionBuildOrUpdate(op, &assembled_qf, &rstr_q, CEED_REQUEST_IMMEDIATE));
1092   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&rstr_q));
1093   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetArray(values, CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &values_array));
1094   values_array += offset;
1095   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetArrayRead(assembled_qf, CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &qf_array));
1096 
1097   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetLength(values, &values_length));
1098   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetLength(assembled_qf, &assembled_qf_length));
1099   if ((values_length > INT_MAX) || (assembled_qf_length > INT_MAX)) use_ceedsize_idx = 1;
1100   // Setup
1101   if (!impl->asmb) {
1102     CeedCallBackend(CeedSingleOperatorAssembleSetup_Hip(op, use_ceedsize_idx));
1103     assert(impl->asmb != NULL);
1104   }
1105 
1106   // Compute B^T D B
1107   const CeedInt num_elem       = impl->asmb->num_elem;
1108   const CeedInt elem_per_block = impl->asmb->elem_per_block;
1109   const CeedInt grid           = num_elem / elem_per_block + ((num_elem / elem_per_block * elem_per_block < num_elem) ? 1 : 0);
1110   void         *args[]         = {&impl->asmb->d_B_in, &impl->asmb->d_B_out, &qf_array, &values_array};
1111 
1112   CeedCallBackend(
1113       CeedRunKernelDim_Hip(ceed, impl->asmb->linearAssemble, grid, impl->asmb->block_size_x, impl->asmb->block_size_y, elem_per_block, args));
1114 
1115   // Restore arrays
1116   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorRestoreArray(values, &values_array));
1117   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorRestoreArrayRead(assembled_qf, &qf_array));
1118 
1119   // Cleanup
1120   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&assembled_qf));
1121   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
1122 }
1123 
1124 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1125 // Create operator
1126 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1127 int CeedOperatorCreate_Hip(CeedOperator op) {
1128   Ceed              ceed;
1129   CeedOperator_Hip *impl;
1130 
1131   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetCeed(op, &ceed));
1132   CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(1, &impl));
1133   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorSetData(op, impl));
1134   CeedCallBackend(CeedSetBackendFunction(ceed, "Operator", op, "LinearAssembleQFunction", CeedOperatorLinearAssembleQFunction_Hip));
1135   CeedCallBackend(CeedSetBackendFunction(ceed, "Operator", op, "LinearAssembleQFunctionUpdate", CeedOperatorLinearAssembleQFunctionUpdate_Hip));
1136   CeedCallBackend(CeedSetBackendFunction(ceed, "Operator", op, "LinearAssembleAddDiagonal", CeedOperatorLinearAssembleAddDiagonal_Hip));
1137   CeedCallBackend(
1138       CeedSetBackendFunction(ceed, "Operator", op, "LinearAssembleAddPointBlockDiagonal", CeedOperatorLinearAssembleAddPointBlockDiagonal_Hip));
1139   CeedCallBackend(CeedSetBackendFunction(ceed, "Operator", op, "LinearAssembleSingle", CeedSingleOperatorAssemble_Hip));
1140   CeedCallBackend(CeedSetBackendFunction(ceed, "Operator", op, "ApplyAdd", CeedOperatorApplyAdd_Hip));
1141   CeedCallBackend(CeedSetBackendFunction(ceed, "Operator", op, "Destroy", CeedOperatorDestroy_Hip));
1142   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
1143 }
1144 
1145 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1146