xref: /libCEED/backends/hip-ref/ceed-hip-ref-operator.c (revision 7de238d35179a0144950ac1351aac17ef48eee2b)
1 // Copyright (c) 2017-2024, Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC and other CEED contributors.
2 // All Rights Reserved. See the top-level LICENSE and NOTICE files for details.
3 //
4 // SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
5 //
6 // This file is part of CEED:  http://github.com/ceed
7 
8 #include <ceed.h>
9 #include <ceed/backend.h>
10 #include <ceed/jit-tools.h>
11 #include <assert.h>
12 #include <stdbool.h>
13 #include <string.h>
14 #include <hip/hip_runtime.h>
15 
16 #include "../hip/ceed-hip-common.h"
17 #include "../hip/ceed-hip-compile.h"
18 #include "ceed-hip-ref.h"
19 
20 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
21 // Destroy operator
22 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
23 static int CeedOperatorDestroy_Hip(CeedOperator op) {
24   CeedOperator_Hip *impl;
25 
26   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetData(op, &impl));
27 
28   // Apply data
29   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&impl->skip_rstr_in));
30   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&impl->skip_rstr_out));
31   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&impl->apply_add_basis_out));
32   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < impl->num_inputs + impl->num_outputs; i++) {
33     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&impl->e_vecs[i]));
34   }
35   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&impl->e_vecs));
36   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&impl->input_states));
37 
38   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < impl->num_inputs; i++) {
39     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&impl->q_vecs_in[i]));
40   }
41   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&impl->q_vecs_in));
42 
43   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < impl->num_outputs; i++) {
44     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&impl->q_vecs_out[i]));
45   }
46   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&impl->q_vecs_out));
47   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&impl->point_coords_elem));
48 
49   // QFunction assembly data
50   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < impl->num_active_in; i++) {
51     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&impl->qf_active_in[i]));
52   }
53   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&impl->qf_active_in));
54 
55   // Diag data
56   if (impl->diag) {
57     Ceed ceed;
58 
59     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetCeed(op, &ceed));
60     if (impl->diag->module) {
61       CeedCallHip(ceed, hipModuleUnload(impl->diag->module));
62     }
63     if (impl->diag->module_point_block) {
64       CeedCallHip(ceed, hipModuleUnload(impl->diag->module_point_block));
65     }
66     CeedCallHip(ceed, hipFree(impl->diag->d_eval_modes_in));
67     CeedCallHip(ceed, hipFree(impl->diag->d_eval_modes_out));
68     CeedCallHip(ceed, hipFree(impl->diag->d_identity));
69     CeedCallHip(ceed, hipFree(impl->diag->d_interp_in));
70     CeedCallHip(ceed, hipFree(impl->diag->d_interp_out));
71     CeedCallHip(ceed, hipFree(impl->diag->d_grad_in));
72     CeedCallHip(ceed, hipFree(impl->diag->d_grad_out));
73     CeedCallHip(ceed, hipFree(impl->diag->d_div_in));
74     CeedCallHip(ceed, hipFree(impl->diag->d_div_out));
75     CeedCallHip(ceed, hipFree(impl->diag->d_curl_in));
76     CeedCallHip(ceed, hipFree(impl->diag->d_curl_out));
77     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&impl->diag->diag_rstr));
78     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&impl->diag->point_block_diag_rstr));
79     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&impl->diag->elem_diag));
80     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&impl->diag->point_block_elem_diag));
81   }
82   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&impl->diag));
83 
84   if (impl->asmb) {
85     Ceed ceed;
86 
87     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetCeed(op, &ceed));
88     CeedCallHip(ceed, hipModuleUnload(impl->asmb->module));
89     CeedCallHip(ceed, hipFree(impl->asmb->d_B_in));
90     CeedCallHip(ceed, hipFree(impl->asmb->d_B_out));
91   }
92   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&impl->asmb));
93 
94   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&impl));
95   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
96 }
97 
98 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
99 // Setup infields or outfields
100 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
101 static int CeedOperatorSetupFields_Hip(CeedQFunction qf, CeedOperator op, bool is_input, bool is_at_points, bool *skip_rstr, bool *apply_add_basis,
102                                        CeedVector *e_vecs, CeedVector *q_vecs, CeedInt start_e, CeedInt num_fields, CeedInt Q, CeedInt num_elem) {
103   Ceed                ceed;
104   CeedQFunctionField *qf_fields;
105   CeedOperatorField  *op_fields;
106 
107   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetCeed(op, &ceed));
108   if (is_input) {
109     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetFields(op, NULL, &op_fields, NULL, NULL));
110     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionGetFields(qf, NULL, &qf_fields, NULL, NULL));
111   } else {
112     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetFields(op, NULL, NULL, NULL, &op_fields));
113     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionGetFields(qf, NULL, NULL, NULL, &qf_fields));
114   }
115 
116   // Loop over fields
117   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_fields; i++) {
118     bool         is_strided = false, skip_restriction = false;
119     CeedSize     q_size;
120     CeedInt      size;
121     CeedEvalMode eval_mode;
122     CeedBasis    basis;
123 
124     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_fields[i], &eval_mode));
125     if (eval_mode != CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT) {
126       CeedElemRestriction elem_rstr;
127 
128       // Check whether this field can skip the element restriction:
129       // Must be passive input, with eval_mode NONE, and have a strided restriction with CEED_STRIDES_BACKEND.
130       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(op_fields[i], &elem_rstr));
131 
132       // First, check whether the field is input or output:
133       if (is_input) {
134         CeedVector vec;
135 
136         // Check for passive input
137         CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_fields[i], &vec));
138         if (vec != CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) {
139           // Check eval_mode
140           if (eval_mode == CEED_EVAL_NONE) {
141             // Check for strided restriction
142             CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionIsStrided(elem_rstr, &is_strided));
143             if (is_strided) {
144               // Check if vector is already in preferred backend ordering
145               CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionHasBackendStrides(elem_rstr, &skip_restriction));
146             }
147           }
148         }
149       }
150       if (skip_restriction) {
151         // We do not need an E-Vector, but will use the input field vector's data directly in the operator application.
152         e_vecs[i + start_e] = NULL;
153       } else {
154         CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionCreateVector(elem_rstr, NULL, &e_vecs[i + start_e]));
155       }
156     }
157 
158     switch (eval_mode) {
159       case CEED_EVAL_NONE:
160         CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetSize(qf_fields[i], &size));
161         q_size = (CeedSize)num_elem * Q * size;
162         CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorCreate(ceed, q_size, &q_vecs[i]));
163         break;
164       case CEED_EVAL_INTERP:
165       case CEED_EVAL_GRAD:
166       case CEED_EVAL_DIV:
167       case CEED_EVAL_CURL:
168         CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetSize(qf_fields[i], &size));
169         q_size = (CeedSize)num_elem * Q * size;
170         CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorCreate(ceed, q_size, &q_vecs[i]));
171         break;
172       case CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT:  // Only on input fields
173         CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(op_fields[i], &basis));
174         q_size = (CeedSize)num_elem * Q;
175         CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorCreate(ceed, q_size, &q_vecs[i]));
176         if (is_at_points) {
177           CeedInt num_points[num_elem];
178 
179           for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_elem; i++) num_points[i] = Q;
180           CeedCallBackend(
181               CeedBasisApplyAtPoints(basis, num_elem, num_points, CEED_NOTRANSPOSE, CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT, CEED_VECTOR_NONE, CEED_VECTOR_NONE, q_vecs[i]));
182         } else {
183           CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisApply(basis, num_elem, CEED_NOTRANSPOSE, CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT, CEED_VECTOR_NONE, q_vecs[i]));
184         }
185         break;
186     }
187   }
188   // Drop duplicate restrictions
189   if (is_input) {
190     for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_fields; i++) {
191       CeedVector          vec_i;
192       CeedElemRestriction rstr_i;
193 
194       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_fields[i], &vec_i));
195       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(op_fields[i], &rstr_i));
196       for (CeedInt j = i + 1; j < num_fields; j++) {
197         CeedVector          vec_j;
198         CeedElemRestriction rstr_j;
199 
200         CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_fields[j], &vec_j));
201         CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(op_fields[j], &rstr_j));
202         if (vec_i == vec_j && rstr_i == rstr_j) {
203           CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorReferenceCopy(e_vecs[i + start_e], &e_vecs[j + start_e]));
204           skip_rstr[j] = true;
205         }
206       }
207     }
208   } else {
209     for (CeedInt i = num_fields - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
210       CeedVector          vec_i;
211       CeedElemRestriction rstr_i;
212 
213       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_fields[i], &vec_i));
214       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(op_fields[i], &rstr_i));
215       for (CeedInt j = i - 1; j >= 0; j--) {
216         CeedVector          vec_j;
217         CeedElemRestriction rstr_j;
218 
219         CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_fields[j], &vec_j));
220         CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(op_fields[j], &rstr_j));
221         if (vec_i == vec_j && rstr_i == rstr_j) {
222           CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorReferenceCopy(e_vecs[i + start_e], &e_vecs[j + start_e]));
223           skip_rstr[j]       = true;
224           apply_add_basis[i] = true;
225         }
226       }
227     }
228   }
229   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
230 }
231 
232 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
233 // CeedOperator needs to connect all the named fields (be they active or passive) to the named inputs and outputs of its CeedQFunction.
234 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
235 static int CeedOperatorSetup_Hip(CeedOperator op) {
236   Ceed                ceed;
237   bool                is_setup_done;
238   CeedInt             Q, num_elem, num_input_fields, num_output_fields;
239   CeedQFunctionField *qf_input_fields, *qf_output_fields;
240   CeedQFunction       qf;
241   CeedOperatorField  *op_input_fields, *op_output_fields;
242   CeedOperator_Hip   *impl;
243 
244   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorIsSetupDone(op, &is_setup_done));
245   if (is_setup_done) return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
246 
247   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetCeed(op, &ceed));
248   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetData(op, &impl));
249   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetQFunction(op, &qf));
250   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetNumQuadraturePoints(op, &Q));
251   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetNumElements(op, &num_elem));
252   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetFields(op, &num_input_fields, &op_input_fields, &num_output_fields, &op_output_fields));
253   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionGetFields(qf, NULL, &qf_input_fields, NULL, &qf_output_fields));
254 
255   // Allocate
256   CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(num_input_fields + num_output_fields, &impl->e_vecs));
257   CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(CEED_FIELD_MAX, &impl->skip_rstr_in));
258   CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(CEED_FIELD_MAX, &impl->skip_rstr_out));
259   CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(CEED_FIELD_MAX, &impl->apply_add_basis_out));
260   CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(CEED_FIELD_MAX, &impl->input_states));
261   CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(CEED_FIELD_MAX, &impl->q_vecs_in));
262   CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(CEED_FIELD_MAX, &impl->q_vecs_out));
263   impl->num_inputs  = num_input_fields;
264   impl->num_outputs = num_output_fields;
265 
266   // Set up infield and outfield e_vecs and q_vecs
267   // Infields
268   CeedCallBackend(
269       CeedOperatorSetupFields_Hip(qf, op, true, false, impl->skip_rstr_in, NULL, impl->e_vecs, impl->q_vecs_in, 0, num_input_fields, Q, num_elem));
270   // Outfields
271   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorSetupFields_Hip(qf, op, false, false, impl->skip_rstr_out, impl->apply_add_basis_out, impl->e_vecs, impl->q_vecs_out,
272                                               num_input_fields, num_output_fields, Q, num_elem));
273 
274   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorSetSetupDone(op));
275   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
276 }
277 
278 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
279 // Setup Operator Inputs
280 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
281 static inline int CeedOperatorSetupInputs_Hip(CeedInt num_input_fields, CeedQFunctionField *qf_input_fields, CeedOperatorField *op_input_fields,
282                                               CeedVector in_vec, const bool skip_active, CeedScalar *e_data[2 * CEED_FIELD_MAX],
283                                               CeedOperator_Hip *impl, CeedRequest *request) {
284   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_input_fields; i++) {
285     CeedEvalMode        eval_mode;
286     CeedVector          vec;
287     CeedElemRestriction elem_rstr;
288 
289     // Get input vector
290     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_input_fields[i], &vec));
291     if (vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) {
292       if (skip_active) continue;
293       else vec = in_vec;
294     }
295 
296     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_input_fields[i], &eval_mode));
297     if (eval_mode == CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT) {  // Skip
298     } else {
299       // Get input vector
300       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_input_fields[i], &vec));
301       // Get input element restriction
302       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(op_input_fields[i], &elem_rstr));
303       if (vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) vec = in_vec;
304       // Restrict, if necessary
305       if (!impl->e_vecs[i]) {
306         // No restriction for this field; read data directly from vec.
307         CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetArrayRead(vec, CEED_MEM_DEVICE, (const CeedScalar **)&e_data[i]));
308       } else {
309         uint64_t state;
310 
311         CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetState(vec, &state));
312         if (state != impl->input_states[i] && !impl->skip_rstr_in[i]) {
313           CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionApply(elem_rstr, CEED_NOTRANSPOSE, vec, impl->e_vecs[i], request));
314         }
315         impl->input_states[i] = state;
316         // Get evec
317         CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetArrayRead(impl->e_vecs[i], CEED_MEM_DEVICE, (const CeedScalar **)&e_data[i]));
318       }
319     }
320   }
321   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
322 }
323 
324 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
325 // Input Basis Action
326 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
327 static inline int CeedOperatorInputBasis_Hip(CeedInt num_elem, CeedQFunctionField *qf_input_fields, CeedOperatorField *op_input_fields,
328                                              CeedInt num_input_fields, const bool skip_active, CeedScalar *e_data[2 * CEED_FIELD_MAX],
329                                              CeedOperator_Hip *impl) {
330   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_input_fields; i++) {
331     CeedInt             elem_size, size;
332     CeedEvalMode        eval_mode;
333     CeedElemRestriction elem_rstr;
334     CeedBasis           basis;
335 
336     // Skip active input
337     if (skip_active) {
338       CeedVector vec;
339 
340       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_input_fields[i], &vec));
341       if (vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) continue;
342     }
343     // Get elem_size, eval_mode, size
344     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(op_input_fields[i], &elem_rstr));
345     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetElementSize(elem_rstr, &elem_size));
346     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_input_fields[i], &eval_mode));
347     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetSize(qf_input_fields[i], &size));
348     // Basis action
349     switch (eval_mode) {
350       case CEED_EVAL_NONE:
351         CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorSetArray(impl->q_vecs_in[i], CEED_MEM_DEVICE, CEED_USE_POINTER, e_data[i]));
352         break;
353       case CEED_EVAL_INTERP:
354       case CEED_EVAL_GRAD:
355       case CEED_EVAL_DIV:
356       case CEED_EVAL_CURL:
357         CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(op_input_fields[i], &basis));
358         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisApply(basis, num_elem, CEED_NOTRANSPOSE, eval_mode, impl->e_vecs[i], impl->q_vecs_in[i]));
359         break;
360       case CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT:
361         break;  // No action
362     }
363   }
364   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
365 }
366 
367 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
368 // Restore Input Vectors
369 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
370 static inline int CeedOperatorRestoreInputs_Hip(CeedInt num_input_fields, CeedQFunctionField *qf_input_fields, CeedOperatorField *op_input_fields,
371                                                 const bool skip_active, CeedScalar *e_data[2 * CEED_FIELD_MAX], CeedOperator_Hip *impl) {
372   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_input_fields; i++) {
373     CeedEvalMode eval_mode;
374     CeedVector   vec;
375 
376     // Skip active input
377     if (skip_active) {
378       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_input_fields[i], &vec));
379       if (vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) continue;
380     }
381     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_input_fields[i], &eval_mode));
382     if (eval_mode == CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT) {  // Skip
383     } else {
384       if (!impl->e_vecs[i]) {  // This was a skip_restriction case
385         CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_input_fields[i], &vec));
386         CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorRestoreArrayRead(vec, (const CeedScalar **)&e_data[i]));
387       } else {
388         CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorRestoreArrayRead(impl->e_vecs[i], (const CeedScalar **)&e_data[i]));
389       }
390     }
391   }
392   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
393 }
394 
395 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
396 // Apply and add to output
397 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
398 static int CeedOperatorApplyAdd_Hip(CeedOperator op, CeedVector in_vec, CeedVector out_vec, CeedRequest *request) {
399   CeedInt             Q, num_elem, elem_size, num_input_fields, num_output_fields, size;
400   CeedScalar         *e_data[2 * CEED_FIELD_MAX] = {NULL};
401   CeedQFunctionField *qf_input_fields, *qf_output_fields;
402   CeedQFunction       qf;
403   CeedOperatorField  *op_input_fields, *op_output_fields;
404   CeedOperator_Hip   *impl;
405 
406   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetData(op, &impl));
407   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetQFunction(op, &qf));
408   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetNumQuadraturePoints(op, &Q));
409   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetNumElements(op, &num_elem));
410   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetFields(op, &num_input_fields, &op_input_fields, &num_output_fields, &op_output_fields));
411   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionGetFields(qf, NULL, &qf_input_fields, NULL, &qf_output_fields));
412 
413   // Setup
414   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorSetup_Hip(op));
415 
416   // Input Evecs and Restriction
417   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorSetupInputs_Hip(num_input_fields, qf_input_fields, op_input_fields, in_vec, false, e_data, impl, request));
418 
419   // Input basis apply if needed
420   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorInputBasis_Hip(num_elem, qf_input_fields, op_input_fields, num_input_fields, false, e_data, impl));
421 
422   // Output pointers, as necessary
423   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_output_fields; i++) {
424     CeedEvalMode eval_mode;
425 
426     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_output_fields[i], &eval_mode));
427     if (eval_mode == CEED_EVAL_NONE) {
428       // Set the output Q-Vector to use the E-Vector data directly.
429       CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetArrayWrite(impl->e_vecs[i + impl->num_inputs], CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &e_data[i + num_input_fields]));
430       CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorSetArray(impl->q_vecs_out[i], CEED_MEM_DEVICE, CEED_USE_POINTER, e_data[i + num_input_fields]));
431     }
432   }
433 
434   // Q function
435   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionApply(qf, num_elem * Q, impl->q_vecs_in, impl->q_vecs_out));
436 
437   // Output basis apply if needed
438   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_output_fields; i++) {
439     CeedEvalMode        eval_mode;
440     CeedElemRestriction elem_rstr;
441     CeedBasis           basis;
442 
443     // Get elem_size, eval_mode, size
444     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(op_output_fields[i], &elem_rstr));
445     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetElementSize(elem_rstr, &elem_size));
446     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_output_fields[i], &eval_mode));
447     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetSize(qf_output_fields[i], &size));
448     // Basis action
449     switch (eval_mode) {
450       case CEED_EVAL_NONE:
451         break;  // No action
452       case CEED_EVAL_INTERP:
453       case CEED_EVAL_GRAD:
454       case CEED_EVAL_DIV:
455       case CEED_EVAL_CURL:
456         CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(op_output_fields[i], &basis));
457         if (impl->apply_add_basis_out[i]) {
458           CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisApplyAdd(basis, num_elem, CEED_TRANSPOSE, eval_mode, impl->q_vecs_out[i], impl->e_vecs[i + impl->num_inputs]));
459         } else {
460           CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisApply(basis, num_elem, CEED_TRANSPOSE, eval_mode, impl->q_vecs_out[i], impl->e_vecs[i + impl->num_inputs]));
461         }
462         break;
463       // LCOV_EXCL_START
464       case CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT: {
465         return CeedError(CeedOperatorReturnCeed(op), CEED_ERROR_BACKEND, "CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT cannot be an output evaluation mode");
466         // LCOV_EXCL_STOP
467       }
468     }
469   }
470 
471   // Output restriction
472   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_output_fields; i++) {
473     CeedEvalMode        eval_mode;
474     CeedVector          vec;
475     CeedElemRestriction elem_rstr;
476 
477     // Restore evec
478     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_output_fields[i], &eval_mode));
479     if (eval_mode == CEED_EVAL_NONE) {
480       CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorRestoreArray(impl->e_vecs[i + impl->num_inputs], &e_data[i + num_input_fields]));
481     }
482     if (impl->skip_rstr_out[i]) continue;
483     // Get output vector
484     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_output_fields[i], &vec));
485     // Restrict
486     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(op_output_fields[i], &elem_rstr));
487     // Active
488     if (vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) vec = out_vec;
489 
490     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionApply(elem_rstr, CEED_TRANSPOSE, impl->e_vecs[i + impl->num_inputs], vec, request));
491   }
492 
493   // Restore input arrays
494   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorRestoreInputs_Hip(num_input_fields, qf_input_fields, op_input_fields, false, e_data, impl));
495   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
496 }
497 
498 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
499 // CeedOperator needs to connect all the named fields (be they active or passive) to the named inputs and outputs of its CeedQFunction.
500 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
501 static int CeedOperatorSetupAtPoints_Hip(CeedOperator op) {
502   Ceed                ceed;
503   bool                is_setup_done;
504   CeedInt             max_num_points = -1, num_elem, num_input_fields, num_output_fields;
505   CeedQFunctionField *qf_input_fields, *qf_output_fields;
506   CeedQFunction       qf;
507   CeedOperatorField  *op_input_fields, *op_output_fields;
508   CeedOperator_Hip   *impl;
509 
510   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorIsSetupDone(op, &is_setup_done));
511   if (is_setup_done) return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
512 
513   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetCeed(op, &ceed));
514   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetData(op, &impl));
515   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetQFunction(op, &qf));
516   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetNumElements(op, &num_elem));
517   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetFields(op, &num_input_fields, &op_input_fields, &num_output_fields, &op_output_fields));
518   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionGetFields(qf, NULL, &qf_input_fields, NULL, &qf_output_fields));
519   {
520     CeedElemRestriction elem_rstr = NULL;
521 
522     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorAtPointsGetPoints(op, &elem_rstr, NULL));
523     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetMaxPointsInElement(elem_rstr, &max_num_points));
524   }
525   impl->max_num_points = max_num_points;
526 
527   // Allocate
528   CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(num_input_fields + num_output_fields, &impl->e_vecs));
529   CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(CEED_FIELD_MAX, &impl->skip_rstr_in));
530   CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(CEED_FIELD_MAX, &impl->skip_rstr_out));
531   CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(CEED_FIELD_MAX, &impl->apply_add_basis_out));
532   CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(CEED_FIELD_MAX, &impl->input_states));
533   CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(CEED_FIELD_MAX, &impl->q_vecs_in));
534   CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(CEED_FIELD_MAX, &impl->q_vecs_out));
535   impl->num_inputs  = num_input_fields;
536   impl->num_outputs = num_output_fields;
537 
538   // Set up infield and outfield e_vecs and q_vecs
539   // Infields
540   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorSetupFields_Hip(qf, op, true, true, impl->skip_rstr_in, NULL, impl->e_vecs, impl->q_vecs_in, 0, num_input_fields,
541                                               max_num_points, num_elem));
542   // Outfields
543   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorSetupFields_Hip(qf, op, false, true, impl->skip_rstr_out, impl->apply_add_basis_out, impl->e_vecs, impl->q_vecs_out,
544                                               num_input_fields, num_output_fields, max_num_points, num_elem));
545 
546   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorSetSetupDone(op));
547   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
548 }
549 
550 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
551 // Input Basis Action AtPoints
552 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
553 static inline int CeedOperatorInputBasisAtPoints_Hip(CeedInt num_elem, const CeedInt *num_points, CeedQFunctionField *qf_input_fields,
554                                                      CeedOperatorField *op_input_fields, CeedInt num_input_fields, const bool skip_active,
555                                                      CeedScalar *e_data[2 * CEED_FIELD_MAX], CeedOperator_Hip *impl) {
556   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_input_fields; i++) {
557     CeedInt             elem_size, size;
558     CeedEvalMode        eval_mode;
559     CeedElemRestriction elem_rstr;
560     CeedBasis           basis;
561 
562     // Skip active input
563     if (skip_active) {
564       CeedVector vec;
565 
566       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_input_fields[i], &vec));
567       if (vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) continue;
568     }
569     // Get elem_size, eval_mode, size
570     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(op_input_fields[i], &elem_rstr));
571     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetElementSize(elem_rstr, &elem_size));
572     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_input_fields[i], &eval_mode));
573     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetSize(qf_input_fields[i], &size));
574     // Basis action
575     switch (eval_mode) {
576       case CEED_EVAL_NONE:
577         CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorSetArray(impl->q_vecs_in[i], CEED_MEM_DEVICE, CEED_USE_POINTER, e_data[i]));
578         break;
579       case CEED_EVAL_INTERP:
580       case CEED_EVAL_GRAD:
581       case CEED_EVAL_DIV:
582       case CEED_EVAL_CURL:
583         CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(op_input_fields[i], &basis));
584         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisApplyAtPoints(basis, num_elem, num_points, CEED_NOTRANSPOSE, eval_mode, impl->point_coords_elem, impl->e_vecs[i],
585                                                impl->q_vecs_in[i]));
586         break;
587       case CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT:
588         break;  // No action
589     }
590   }
591   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
592 }
593 
594 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
595 // Apply and add to output AtPoints
596 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
597 static int CeedOperatorApplyAddAtPoints_Hip(CeedOperator op, CeedVector in_vec, CeedVector out_vec, CeedRequest *request) {
598   CeedInt             max_num_points, num_elem, elem_size, num_input_fields, num_output_fields, size;
599   CeedScalar         *e_data[2 * CEED_FIELD_MAX] = {NULL};
600   CeedQFunctionField *qf_input_fields, *qf_output_fields;
601   CeedQFunction       qf;
602   CeedOperatorField  *op_input_fields, *op_output_fields;
603   CeedOperator_Hip   *impl;
604 
605   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetData(op, &impl));
606   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetQFunction(op, &qf));
607   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetNumElements(op, &num_elem));
608   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetFields(op, &num_input_fields, &op_input_fields, &num_output_fields, &op_output_fields));
609   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionGetFields(qf, NULL, &qf_input_fields, NULL, &qf_output_fields));
610   CeedInt num_points[num_elem];
611 
612   // Setup
613   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorSetupAtPoints_Hip(op));
614   max_num_points = impl->max_num_points;
615   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_elem; i++) num_points[i] = max_num_points;
616 
617   // Input Evecs and Restriction
618   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorSetupInputs_Hip(num_input_fields, qf_input_fields, op_input_fields, in_vec, false, e_data, impl, request));
619 
620   // Get point coordinates
621   if (!impl->point_coords_elem) {
622     CeedVector          point_coords = NULL;
623     CeedElemRestriction rstr_points  = NULL;
624 
625     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorAtPointsGetPoints(op, &rstr_points, &point_coords));
626     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionCreateVector(rstr_points, NULL, &impl->point_coords_elem));
627     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionApply(rstr_points, CEED_NOTRANSPOSE, point_coords, impl->point_coords_elem, request));
628   }
629 
630   // Input basis apply if needed
631   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorInputBasisAtPoints_Hip(num_elem, num_points, qf_input_fields, op_input_fields, num_input_fields, false, e_data, impl));
632 
633   // Output pointers, as necessary
634   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_output_fields; i++) {
635     CeedEvalMode eval_mode;
636 
637     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_output_fields[i], &eval_mode));
638     if (eval_mode == CEED_EVAL_NONE) {
639       // Set the output Q-Vector to use the E-Vector data directly.
640       CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetArrayWrite(impl->e_vecs[i + impl->num_inputs], CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &e_data[i + num_input_fields]));
641       CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorSetArray(impl->q_vecs_out[i], CEED_MEM_DEVICE, CEED_USE_POINTER, e_data[i + num_input_fields]));
642     }
643   }
644 
645   // Q function
646   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionApply(qf, num_elem * max_num_points, impl->q_vecs_in, impl->q_vecs_out));
647 
648   // Output basis apply if needed
649   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_output_fields; i++) {
650     CeedEvalMode        eval_mode;
651     CeedElemRestriction elem_rstr;
652     CeedBasis           basis;
653 
654     // Get elem_size, eval_mode, size
655     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(op_output_fields[i], &elem_rstr));
656     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetElementSize(elem_rstr, &elem_size));
657     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_output_fields[i], &eval_mode));
658     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetSize(qf_output_fields[i], &size));
659     // Basis action
660     switch (eval_mode) {
661       case CEED_EVAL_NONE:
662         break;  // No action
663       case CEED_EVAL_INTERP:
664       case CEED_EVAL_GRAD:
665       case CEED_EVAL_DIV:
666       case CEED_EVAL_CURL:
667         CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(op_output_fields[i], &basis));
668         if (impl->apply_add_basis_out[i]) {
669           CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisApplyAddAtPoints(basis, num_elem, num_points, CEED_TRANSPOSE, eval_mode, impl->point_coords_elem,
670                                                     impl->q_vecs_out[i], impl->e_vecs[i + impl->num_inputs]));
671         } else {
672           CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisApplyAtPoints(basis, num_elem, num_points, CEED_TRANSPOSE, eval_mode, impl->point_coords_elem, impl->q_vecs_out[i],
673                                                  impl->e_vecs[i + impl->num_inputs]));
674         }
675         break;
676       // LCOV_EXCL_START
677       case CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT: {
678         return CeedError(CeedOperatorReturnCeed(op), CEED_ERROR_BACKEND, "CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT cannot be an output evaluation mode");
679         // LCOV_EXCL_STOP
680       }
681     }
682   }
683 
684   // Output restriction
685   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_output_fields; i++) {
686     CeedEvalMode        eval_mode;
687     CeedVector          vec;
688     CeedElemRestriction elem_rstr;
689 
690     // Restore evec
691     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_output_fields[i], &eval_mode));
692     if (eval_mode == CEED_EVAL_NONE) {
693       CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorRestoreArray(impl->e_vecs[i + impl->num_inputs], &e_data[i + num_input_fields]));
694     }
695     if (impl->skip_rstr_out[i]) continue;
696     // Get output vector
697     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_output_fields[i], &vec));
698     // Restrict
699     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(op_output_fields[i], &elem_rstr));
700     // Active
701     if (vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) vec = out_vec;
702 
703     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionApply(elem_rstr, CEED_TRANSPOSE, impl->e_vecs[i + impl->num_inputs], vec, request));
704   }
705 
706   // Restore input arrays
707   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorRestoreInputs_Hip(num_input_fields, qf_input_fields, op_input_fields, false, e_data, impl));
708   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
709 }
710 
711 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
712 // Linear QFunction Assembly Core
713 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
714 static inline int CeedOperatorLinearAssembleQFunctionCore_Hip(CeedOperator op, bool build_objects, CeedVector *assembled, CeedElemRestriction *rstr,
715                                                               CeedRequest *request) {
716   Ceed                ceed, ceed_parent;
717   CeedInt             num_active_in, num_active_out, Q, num_elem, num_input_fields, num_output_fields, size;
718   CeedScalar         *assembled_array, *e_data[2 * CEED_FIELD_MAX] = {NULL};
719   CeedVector         *active_inputs;
720   CeedQFunctionField *qf_input_fields, *qf_output_fields;
721   CeedQFunction       qf;
722   CeedOperatorField  *op_input_fields, *op_output_fields;
723   CeedOperator_Hip   *impl;
724 
725   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetCeed(op, &ceed));
726   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetFallbackParentCeed(op, &ceed_parent));
727   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetData(op, &impl));
728   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetNumQuadraturePoints(op, &Q));
729   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetNumElements(op, &num_elem));
730   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetQFunction(op, &qf));
731   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionGetFields(qf, NULL, &qf_input_fields, NULL, &qf_output_fields));
732   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetFields(op, &num_input_fields, &op_input_fields, &num_output_fields, &op_output_fields));
733   active_inputs = impl->qf_active_in;
734   num_active_in = impl->num_active_in, num_active_out = impl->num_active_out;
735 
736   // Setup
737   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorSetup_Hip(op));
738 
739   // Input Evecs and Restriction
740   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorSetupInputs_Hip(num_input_fields, qf_input_fields, op_input_fields, NULL, true, e_data, impl, request));
741 
742   // Count number of active input fields
743   if (!num_active_in) {
744     for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_input_fields; i++) {
745       CeedScalar *q_vec_array;
746       CeedVector  vec;
747 
748       // Get input vector
749       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_input_fields[i], &vec));
750       // Check if active input
751       if (vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) {
752         CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetSize(qf_input_fields[i], &size));
753         CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorSetValue(impl->q_vecs_in[i], 0.0));
754         CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetArray(impl->q_vecs_in[i], CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &q_vec_array));
755         CeedCallBackend(CeedRealloc(num_active_in + size, &active_inputs));
756         for (CeedInt field = 0; field < size; field++) {
757           CeedSize q_size = (CeedSize)Q * num_elem;
758 
759           CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorCreate(ceed, q_size, &active_inputs[num_active_in + field]));
760           CeedCallBackend(
761               CeedVectorSetArray(active_inputs[num_active_in + field], CEED_MEM_DEVICE, CEED_USE_POINTER, &q_vec_array[field * Q * num_elem]));
762         }
763         num_active_in += size;
764         CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorRestoreArray(impl->q_vecs_in[i], &q_vec_array));
765       }
766     }
767     impl->num_active_in = num_active_in;
768     impl->qf_active_in  = active_inputs;
769   }
770 
771   // Count number of active output fields
772   if (!num_active_out) {
773     for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_output_fields; i++) {
774       CeedVector vec;
775 
776       // Get output vector
777       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_output_fields[i], &vec));
778       // Check if active output
779       if (vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) {
780         CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetSize(qf_output_fields[i], &size));
781         num_active_out += size;
782       }
783     }
784     impl->num_active_out = num_active_out;
785   }
786 
787   // Check sizes
788   CeedCheck(num_active_in > 0 && num_active_out > 0, ceed, CEED_ERROR_BACKEND, "Cannot assemble QFunction without active inputs and outputs");
789 
790   // Build objects if needed
791   if (build_objects) {
792     CeedSize l_size     = (CeedSize)num_elem * Q * num_active_in * num_active_out;
793     CeedInt  strides[3] = {1, num_elem * Q, Q}; /* *NOPAD* */
794 
795     // Create output restriction
796     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionCreateStrided(ceed_parent, num_elem, Q, num_active_in * num_active_out,
797                                                      (CeedSize)num_active_in * (CeedSize)num_active_out * (CeedSize)num_elem * (CeedSize)Q, strides,
798                                                      rstr));
799     // Create assembled vector
800     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorCreate(ceed_parent, l_size, assembled));
801   }
802   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorSetValue(*assembled, 0.0));
803   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetArray(*assembled, CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &assembled_array));
804 
805   // Input basis apply
806   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorInputBasis_Hip(num_elem, qf_input_fields, op_input_fields, num_input_fields, true, e_data, impl));
807 
808   // Assemble QFunction
809   for (CeedInt in = 0; in < num_active_in; in++) {
810     // Set Inputs
811     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorSetValue(active_inputs[in], 1.0));
812     if (num_active_in > 1) {
813       CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorSetValue(active_inputs[(in + num_active_in - 1) % num_active_in], 0.0));
814     }
815     // Set Outputs
816     for (CeedInt out = 0; out < num_output_fields; out++) {
817       CeedVector vec;
818 
819       // Get output vector
820       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_output_fields[out], &vec));
821       // Check if active output
822       if (vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) {
823         CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorSetArray(impl->q_vecs_out[out], CEED_MEM_DEVICE, CEED_USE_POINTER, assembled_array));
824         CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetSize(qf_output_fields[out], &size));
825         assembled_array += size * Q * num_elem;  // Advance the pointer by the size of the output
826       }
827     }
828     // Apply QFunction
829     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionApply(qf, Q * num_elem, impl->q_vecs_in, impl->q_vecs_out));
830   }
831 
832   // Un-set output q_vecs to prevent accidental overwrite of Assembled
833   for (CeedInt out = 0; out < num_output_fields; out++) {
834     CeedVector vec;
835 
836     // Get output vector
837     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_output_fields[out], &vec));
838     // Check if active output
839     if (vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) {
840       CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorTakeArray(impl->q_vecs_out[out], CEED_MEM_DEVICE, NULL));
841     }
842   }
843 
844   // Restore input arrays
845   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorRestoreInputs_Hip(num_input_fields, qf_input_fields, op_input_fields, true, e_data, impl));
846 
847   // Restore output
848   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorRestoreArray(*assembled, &assembled_array));
849   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
850 }
851 
852 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
853 // Assemble Linear QFunction
854 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
855 static int CeedOperatorLinearAssembleQFunction_Hip(CeedOperator op, CeedVector *assembled, CeedElemRestriction *rstr, CeedRequest *request) {
856   return CeedOperatorLinearAssembleQFunctionCore_Hip(op, true, assembled, rstr, request);
857 }
858 
859 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
860 // Update Assembled Linear QFunction
861 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
862 static int CeedOperatorLinearAssembleQFunctionUpdate_Hip(CeedOperator op, CeedVector assembled, CeedElemRestriction rstr, CeedRequest *request) {
863   return CeedOperatorLinearAssembleQFunctionCore_Hip(op, false, &assembled, &rstr, request);
864 }
865 
866 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
867 // Assemble Diagonal Setup
868 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
869 static inline int CeedOperatorAssembleDiagonalSetup_Hip(CeedOperator op) {
870   Ceed                ceed;
871   CeedInt             num_input_fields, num_output_fields, num_eval_modes_in = 0, num_eval_modes_out = 0;
872   CeedInt             q_comp, num_nodes, num_qpts;
873   CeedEvalMode       *eval_modes_in = NULL, *eval_modes_out = NULL;
874   CeedBasis           basis_in = NULL, basis_out = NULL;
875   CeedQFunctionField *qf_fields;
876   CeedQFunction       qf;
877   CeedOperatorField  *op_fields;
878   CeedOperator_Hip   *impl;
879 
880   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetCeed(op, &ceed));
881   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetQFunction(op, &qf));
882   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionGetNumArgs(qf, &num_input_fields, &num_output_fields));
883 
884   // Determine active input basis
885   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetFields(op, NULL, &op_fields, NULL, NULL));
886   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionGetFields(qf, NULL, &qf_fields, NULL, NULL));
887   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_input_fields; i++) {
888     CeedVector vec;
889 
890     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_fields[i], &vec));
891     if (vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) {
892       CeedBasis    basis;
893       CeedEvalMode eval_mode;
894 
895       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(op_fields[i], &basis));
896       CeedCheck(!basis_in || basis_in == basis, ceed, CEED_ERROR_BACKEND,
897                 "Backend does not implement operator diagonal assembly with multiple active bases");
898       basis_in = basis;
899       CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_fields[i], &eval_mode));
900       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadratureComponents(basis_in, eval_mode, &q_comp));
901       if (eval_mode != CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT) {
902         // q_comp = 1 if CEED_EVAL_NONE, CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT caught by QF assembly
903         CeedCallBackend(CeedRealloc(num_eval_modes_in + q_comp, &eval_modes_in));
904         for (CeedInt d = 0; d < q_comp; d++) eval_modes_in[num_eval_modes_in + d] = eval_mode;
905         num_eval_modes_in += q_comp;
906       }
907     }
908   }
909 
910   // Determine active output basis
911   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetFields(op, NULL, NULL, NULL, &op_fields));
912   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionGetFields(qf, NULL, NULL, NULL, &qf_fields));
913   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_output_fields; i++) {
914     CeedVector vec;
915 
916     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_fields[i], &vec));
917     if (vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) {
918       CeedBasis    basis;
919       CeedEvalMode eval_mode;
920 
921       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(op_fields[i], &basis));
922       CeedCheck(!basis_out || basis_out == basis, ceed, CEED_ERROR_BACKEND,
923                 "Backend does not implement operator diagonal assembly with multiple active bases");
924       basis_out = basis;
925       CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_fields[i], &eval_mode));
926       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadratureComponents(basis_out, eval_mode, &q_comp));
927       if (eval_mode != CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT) {
928         // q_comp = 1 if CEED_EVAL_NONE, CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT caught by QF assembly
929         CeedCallBackend(CeedRealloc(num_eval_modes_out + q_comp, &eval_modes_out));
930         for (CeedInt d = 0; d < q_comp; d++) eval_modes_out[num_eval_modes_out + d] = eval_mode;
931         num_eval_modes_out += q_comp;
932       }
933     }
934   }
935 
936   // Operator data struct
937   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetData(op, &impl));
938   CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(1, &impl->diag));
939   CeedOperatorDiag_Hip *diag = impl->diag;
940 
941   // Basis matrices
942   CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumNodes(basis_in, &num_nodes));
943   if (basis_in == CEED_BASIS_NONE) num_qpts = num_nodes;
944   else CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadraturePoints(basis_in, &num_qpts));
945   const CeedInt interp_bytes     = num_nodes * num_qpts * sizeof(CeedScalar);
946   const CeedInt eval_modes_bytes = sizeof(CeedEvalMode);
947   bool          has_eval_none    = false;
948 
949   // CEED_EVAL_NONE
950   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_eval_modes_in; i++) has_eval_none = has_eval_none || (eval_modes_in[i] == CEED_EVAL_NONE);
951   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_eval_modes_out; i++) has_eval_none = has_eval_none || (eval_modes_out[i] == CEED_EVAL_NONE);
952   if (has_eval_none) {
953     CeedScalar *identity = NULL;
954 
955     CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(num_nodes * num_qpts, &identity));
956     for (CeedInt i = 0; i < (num_nodes < num_qpts ? num_nodes : num_qpts); i++) identity[i * num_nodes + i] = 1.0;
957     CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMalloc((void **)&diag->d_identity, interp_bytes));
958     CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMemcpy(diag->d_identity, identity, interp_bytes, hipMemcpyHostToDevice));
959     CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&identity));
960   }
961 
962   // CEED_EVAL_INTERP, CEED_EVAL_GRAD, CEED_EVAL_DIV, and CEED_EVAL_CURL
963   for (CeedInt in = 0; in < 2; in++) {
964     CeedFESpace fespace;
965     CeedBasis   basis = in ? basis_in : basis_out;
966 
967     CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetFESpace(basis, &fespace));
968     switch (fespace) {
969       case CEED_FE_SPACE_H1: {
970         CeedInt           q_comp_interp, q_comp_grad;
971         const CeedScalar *interp, *grad;
972         CeedScalar       *d_interp, *d_grad;
973 
974         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadratureComponents(basis, CEED_EVAL_INTERP, &q_comp_interp));
975         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadratureComponents(basis, CEED_EVAL_GRAD, &q_comp_grad));
976 
977         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetInterp(basis, &interp));
978         CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMalloc((void **)&d_interp, interp_bytes * q_comp_interp));
979         CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMemcpy(d_interp, interp, interp_bytes * q_comp_interp, hipMemcpyHostToDevice));
980         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetGrad(basis, &grad));
981         CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMalloc((void **)&d_grad, interp_bytes * q_comp_grad));
982         CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMemcpy(d_grad, grad, interp_bytes * q_comp_grad, hipMemcpyHostToDevice));
983         if (in) {
984           diag->d_interp_in = d_interp;
985           diag->d_grad_in   = d_grad;
986         } else {
987           diag->d_interp_out = d_interp;
988           diag->d_grad_out   = d_grad;
989         }
990       } break;
991       case CEED_FE_SPACE_HDIV: {
992         CeedInt           q_comp_interp, q_comp_div;
993         const CeedScalar *interp, *div;
994         CeedScalar       *d_interp, *d_div;
995 
996         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadratureComponents(basis, CEED_EVAL_INTERP, &q_comp_interp));
997         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadratureComponents(basis, CEED_EVAL_DIV, &q_comp_div));
998 
999         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetInterp(basis, &interp));
1000         CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMalloc((void **)&d_interp, interp_bytes * q_comp_interp));
1001         CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMemcpy(d_interp, interp, interp_bytes * q_comp_interp, hipMemcpyHostToDevice));
1002         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetDiv(basis, &div));
1003         CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMalloc((void **)&d_div, interp_bytes * q_comp_div));
1004         CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMemcpy(d_div, div, interp_bytes * q_comp_div, hipMemcpyHostToDevice));
1005         if (in) {
1006           diag->d_interp_in = d_interp;
1007           diag->d_div_in    = d_div;
1008         } else {
1009           diag->d_interp_out = d_interp;
1010           diag->d_div_out    = d_div;
1011         }
1012       } break;
1013       case CEED_FE_SPACE_HCURL: {
1014         CeedInt           q_comp_interp, q_comp_curl;
1015         const CeedScalar *interp, *curl;
1016         CeedScalar       *d_interp, *d_curl;
1017 
1018         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadratureComponents(basis, CEED_EVAL_INTERP, &q_comp_interp));
1019         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadratureComponents(basis, CEED_EVAL_CURL, &q_comp_curl));
1020 
1021         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetInterp(basis, &interp));
1022         CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMalloc((void **)&d_interp, interp_bytes * q_comp_interp));
1023         CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMemcpy(d_interp, interp, interp_bytes * q_comp_interp, hipMemcpyHostToDevice));
1024         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetCurl(basis, &curl));
1025         CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMalloc((void **)&d_curl, interp_bytes * q_comp_curl));
1026         CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMemcpy(d_curl, curl, interp_bytes * q_comp_curl, hipMemcpyHostToDevice));
1027         if (in) {
1028           diag->d_interp_in = d_interp;
1029           diag->d_curl_in   = d_curl;
1030         } else {
1031           diag->d_interp_out = d_interp;
1032           diag->d_curl_out   = d_curl;
1033         }
1034       } break;
1035     }
1036   }
1037 
1038   // Arrays of eval_modes
1039   CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMalloc((void **)&diag->d_eval_modes_in, num_eval_modes_in * eval_modes_bytes));
1040   CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMemcpy(diag->d_eval_modes_in, eval_modes_in, num_eval_modes_in * eval_modes_bytes, hipMemcpyHostToDevice));
1041   CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMalloc((void **)&diag->d_eval_modes_out, num_eval_modes_out * eval_modes_bytes));
1042   CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMemcpy(diag->d_eval_modes_out, eval_modes_out, num_eval_modes_out * eval_modes_bytes, hipMemcpyHostToDevice));
1043   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&eval_modes_in));
1044   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&eval_modes_out));
1045   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
1046 }
1047 
1048 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1049 // Assemble Diagonal Setup (Compilation)
1050 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1051 static inline int CeedOperatorAssembleDiagonalSetupCompile_Hip(CeedOperator op, CeedInt use_ceedsize_idx, const bool is_point_block) {
1052   Ceed                ceed;
1053   char               *diagonal_kernel_source;
1054   const char         *diagonal_kernel_path;
1055   CeedInt             num_input_fields, num_output_fields, num_eval_modes_in = 0, num_eval_modes_out = 0;
1056   CeedInt             num_comp, q_comp, num_nodes, num_qpts;
1057   CeedBasis           basis_in = NULL, basis_out = NULL;
1058   CeedQFunctionField *qf_fields;
1059   CeedQFunction       qf;
1060   CeedOperatorField  *op_fields;
1061   CeedOperator_Hip   *impl;
1062 
1063   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetCeed(op, &ceed));
1064   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetQFunction(op, &qf));
1065   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionGetNumArgs(qf, &num_input_fields, &num_output_fields));
1066 
1067   // Determine active input basis
1068   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetFields(op, NULL, &op_fields, NULL, NULL));
1069   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionGetFields(qf, NULL, &qf_fields, NULL, NULL));
1070   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_input_fields; i++) {
1071     CeedVector vec;
1072 
1073     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_fields[i], &vec));
1074     if (vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) {
1075       CeedEvalMode eval_mode;
1076 
1077       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(op_fields[i], &basis_in));
1078       CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_fields[i], &eval_mode));
1079       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadratureComponents(basis_in, eval_mode, &q_comp));
1080       if (eval_mode != CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT) {
1081         num_eval_modes_in += q_comp;
1082       }
1083     }
1084   }
1085 
1086   // Determine active output basis
1087   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetFields(op, NULL, NULL, NULL, &op_fields));
1088   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionGetFields(qf, NULL, NULL, NULL, &qf_fields));
1089   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_output_fields; i++) {
1090     CeedVector vec;
1091 
1092     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_fields[i], &vec));
1093     if (vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) {
1094       CeedEvalMode eval_mode;
1095 
1096       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(op_fields[i], &basis_out));
1097       CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_fields[i], &eval_mode));
1098       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadratureComponents(basis_out, eval_mode, &q_comp));
1099       if (eval_mode != CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT) {
1100         num_eval_modes_out += q_comp;
1101       }
1102     }
1103   }
1104 
1105   // Operator data struct
1106   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetData(op, &impl));
1107   CeedOperatorDiag_Hip *diag = impl->diag;
1108 
1109   // Assemble kernel
1110   hipModule_t *module          = is_point_block ? &diag->module_point_block : &diag->module;
1111   CeedInt      elems_per_block = 1;
1112   CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumNodes(basis_in, &num_nodes));
1113   CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumComponents(basis_in, &num_comp));
1114   if (basis_in == CEED_BASIS_NONE) num_qpts = num_nodes;
1115   else CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadraturePoints(basis_in, &num_qpts));
1116   CeedCallBackend(CeedGetJitAbsolutePath(ceed, "ceed/jit-source/hip/hip-ref-operator-assemble-diagonal.h", &diagonal_kernel_path));
1117   CeedDebug256(ceed, CEED_DEBUG_COLOR_SUCCESS, "----- Loading Diagonal Assembly Kernel Source -----\n");
1118   CeedCallBackend(CeedLoadSourceToBuffer(ceed, diagonal_kernel_path, &diagonal_kernel_source));
1119   CeedDebug256(ceed, CEED_DEBUG_COLOR_SUCCESS, "----- Loading Diagonal Assembly Source Complete! -----\n");
1120   CeedCallHip(ceed, CeedCompile_Hip(ceed, diagonal_kernel_source, module, 8, "NUM_EVAL_MODES_IN", num_eval_modes_in, "NUM_EVAL_MODES_OUT",
1121                                     num_eval_modes_out, "NUM_COMP", num_comp, "NUM_NODES", num_nodes, "NUM_QPTS", num_qpts, "USE_CEEDSIZE",
1122                                     use_ceedsize_idx, "USE_POINT_BLOCK", is_point_block ? 1 : 0, "BLOCK_SIZE", num_nodes * elems_per_block));
1123   CeedCallHip(ceed, CeedGetKernel_Hip(ceed, *module, "LinearDiagonal", is_point_block ? &diag->LinearPointBlock : &diag->LinearDiagonal));
1124   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&diagonal_kernel_path));
1125   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&diagonal_kernel_source));
1126   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
1127 }
1128 
1129 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1130 // Assemble Diagonal Core
1131 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1132 static inline int CeedOperatorAssembleDiagonalCore_Hip(CeedOperator op, CeedVector assembled, CeedRequest *request, const bool is_point_block) {
1133   Ceed                ceed;
1134   CeedInt             num_elem, num_nodes;
1135   CeedScalar         *elem_diag_array;
1136   const CeedScalar   *assembled_qf_array;
1137   CeedVector          assembled_qf   = NULL, elem_diag;
1138   CeedElemRestriction assembled_rstr = NULL, rstr_in, rstr_out, diag_rstr;
1139   CeedOperator_Hip   *impl;
1140 
1141   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetCeed(op, &ceed));
1142   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetData(op, &impl));
1143 
1144   // Assemble QFunction
1145   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorLinearAssembleQFunctionBuildOrUpdate(op, &assembled_qf, &assembled_rstr, request));
1146   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&assembled_rstr));
1147   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetArrayRead(assembled_qf, CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &assembled_qf_array));
1148 
1149   // Setup
1150   if (!impl->diag) CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorAssembleDiagonalSetup_Hip(op));
1151   CeedOperatorDiag_Hip *diag = impl->diag;
1152 
1153   assert(diag != NULL);
1154 
1155   // Assemble kernel if needed
1156   if ((!is_point_block && !diag->LinearDiagonal) || (is_point_block && !diag->LinearPointBlock)) {
1157     CeedSize assembled_length, assembled_qf_length;
1158     CeedInt  use_ceedsize_idx = 0;
1159     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetLength(assembled, &assembled_length));
1160     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetLength(assembled_qf, &assembled_qf_length));
1161     if ((assembled_length > INT_MAX) || (assembled_qf_length > INT_MAX)) use_ceedsize_idx = 1;
1162 
1163     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorAssembleDiagonalSetupCompile_Hip(op, use_ceedsize_idx, is_point_block));
1164   }
1165 
1166   // Restriction and diagonal vector
1167   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetActiveElemRestrictions(op, &rstr_in, &rstr_out));
1168   CeedCheck(rstr_in == rstr_out, ceed, CEED_ERROR_BACKEND,
1169             "Cannot assemble operator diagonal with different input and output active element restrictions");
1170   if (!is_point_block && !diag->diag_rstr) {
1171     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionCreateUnsignedCopy(rstr_out, &diag->diag_rstr));
1172     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionCreateVector(diag->diag_rstr, NULL, &diag->elem_diag));
1173   } else if (is_point_block && !diag->point_block_diag_rstr) {
1174     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorCreateActivePointBlockRestriction(rstr_out, &diag->point_block_diag_rstr));
1175     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionCreateVector(diag->point_block_diag_rstr, NULL, &diag->point_block_elem_diag));
1176   }
1177   diag_rstr = is_point_block ? diag->point_block_diag_rstr : diag->diag_rstr;
1178   elem_diag = is_point_block ? diag->point_block_elem_diag : diag->elem_diag;
1179   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorSetValue(elem_diag, 0.0));
1180 
1181   // Only assemble diagonal if the basis has nodes, otherwise inputs are null pointers
1182   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetElementSize(diag_rstr, &num_nodes));
1183   if (num_nodes > 0) {
1184     // Assemble element operator diagonals
1185     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetArray(elem_diag, CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &elem_diag_array));
1186     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetNumElements(diag_rstr, &num_elem));
1187 
1188     // Compute the diagonal of B^T D B
1189     CeedInt elems_per_block = 1;
1190     CeedInt grid            = CeedDivUpInt(num_elem, elems_per_block);
1191     void   *args[]          = {(void *)&num_elem,      &diag->d_identity,       &diag->d_interp_in,  &diag->d_grad_in, &diag->d_div_in,
1192                                &diag->d_curl_in,       &diag->d_interp_out,     &diag->d_grad_out,   &diag->d_div_out, &diag->d_curl_out,
1193                                &diag->d_eval_modes_in, &diag->d_eval_modes_out, &assembled_qf_array, &elem_diag_array};
1194 
1195     if (is_point_block) {
1196       CeedCallBackend(CeedRunKernelDim_Hip(ceed, diag->LinearPointBlock, grid, num_nodes, 1, elems_per_block, args));
1197     } else {
1198       CeedCallBackend(CeedRunKernelDim_Hip(ceed, diag->LinearDiagonal, grid, num_nodes, 1, elems_per_block, args));
1199     }
1200 
1201     // Restore arrays
1202     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorRestoreArray(elem_diag, &elem_diag_array));
1203     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorRestoreArrayRead(assembled_qf, &assembled_qf_array));
1204   }
1205 
1206   // Assemble local operator diagonal
1207   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionApply(diag_rstr, CEED_TRANSPOSE, elem_diag, assembled, request));
1208 
1209   // Cleanup
1210   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&assembled_qf));
1211   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
1212 }
1213 
1214 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1215 // Assemble Linear Diagonal
1216 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1217 static int CeedOperatorLinearAssembleAddDiagonal_Hip(CeedOperator op, CeedVector assembled, CeedRequest *request) {
1218   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorAssembleDiagonalCore_Hip(op, assembled, request, false));
1219   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
1220 }
1221 
1222 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1223 // Assemble Linear Point Block Diagonal
1224 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1225 static int CeedOperatorLinearAssembleAddPointBlockDiagonal_Hip(CeedOperator op, CeedVector assembled, CeedRequest *request) {
1226   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorAssembleDiagonalCore_Hip(op, assembled, request, true));
1227   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
1228 }
1229 
1230 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1231 // Single Operator Assembly Setup
1232 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1233 static int CeedSingleOperatorAssembleSetup_Hip(CeedOperator op, CeedInt use_ceedsize_idx) {
1234   Ceed                ceed;
1235   char               *assembly_kernel_source;
1236   const char         *assembly_kernel_path;
1237   CeedInt             num_input_fields, num_output_fields, num_eval_modes_in = 0, num_eval_modes_out = 0;
1238   CeedInt             elem_size_in, num_qpts_in = 0, num_comp_in, elem_size_out, num_qpts_out, num_comp_out, q_comp;
1239   CeedEvalMode       *eval_modes_in = NULL, *eval_modes_out = NULL;
1240   CeedElemRestriction rstr_in = NULL, rstr_out = NULL;
1241   CeedBasis           basis_in = NULL, basis_out = NULL;
1242   CeedQFunctionField *qf_fields;
1243   CeedQFunction       qf;
1244   CeedOperatorField  *input_fields, *output_fields;
1245   CeedOperator_Hip   *impl;
1246 
1247   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetCeed(op, &ceed));
1248   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetData(op, &impl));
1249 
1250   // Get intput and output fields
1251   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetFields(op, &num_input_fields, &input_fields, &num_output_fields, &output_fields));
1252 
1253   // Determine active input basis eval mode
1254   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetQFunction(op, &qf));
1255   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionGetFields(qf, NULL, &qf_fields, NULL, NULL));
1256   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_input_fields; i++) {
1257     CeedVector vec;
1258 
1259     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(input_fields[i], &vec));
1260     if (vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) {
1261       CeedBasis    basis;
1262       CeedEvalMode eval_mode;
1263 
1264       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(input_fields[i], &basis));
1265       CeedCheck(!basis_in || basis_in == basis, ceed, CEED_ERROR_BACKEND, "Backend does not implement operator assembly with multiple active bases");
1266       basis_in = basis;
1267       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(input_fields[i], &rstr_in));
1268       CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetElementSize(rstr_in, &elem_size_in));
1269       if (basis_in == CEED_BASIS_NONE) num_qpts_in = elem_size_in;
1270       else CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadraturePoints(basis_in, &num_qpts_in));
1271       CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_fields[i], &eval_mode));
1272       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadratureComponents(basis_in, eval_mode, &q_comp));
1273       if (eval_mode != CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT) {
1274         // q_comp = 1 if CEED_EVAL_NONE, CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT caught by QF Assembly
1275         CeedCallBackend(CeedRealloc(num_eval_modes_in + q_comp, &eval_modes_in));
1276         for (CeedInt d = 0; d < q_comp; d++) {
1277           eval_modes_in[num_eval_modes_in + d] = eval_mode;
1278         }
1279         num_eval_modes_in += q_comp;
1280       }
1281     }
1282   }
1283 
1284   // Determine active output basis; basis_out and rstr_out only used if same as input, TODO
1285   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionGetFields(qf, NULL, NULL, NULL, &qf_fields));
1286   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_output_fields; i++) {
1287     CeedVector vec;
1288 
1289     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(output_fields[i], &vec));
1290     if (vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) {
1291       CeedBasis    basis;
1292       CeedEvalMode eval_mode;
1293 
1294       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(output_fields[i], &basis));
1295       CeedCheck(!basis_out || basis_out == basis, ceed, CEED_ERROR_BACKEND,
1296                 "Backend does not implement operator assembly with multiple active bases");
1297       basis_out = basis;
1298       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(output_fields[i], &rstr_out));
1299       CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetElementSize(rstr_out, &elem_size_out));
1300       if (basis_out == CEED_BASIS_NONE) num_qpts_out = elem_size_out;
1301       else CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadraturePoints(basis_out, &num_qpts_out));
1302       CeedCheck(num_qpts_in == num_qpts_out, ceed, CEED_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED,
1303                 "Active input and output bases must have the same number of quadrature points");
1304       CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_fields[i], &eval_mode));
1305       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadratureComponents(basis_out, eval_mode, &q_comp));
1306       if (eval_mode != CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT) {
1307         // q_comp = 1 if CEED_EVAL_NONE, CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT caught by QF Assembly
1308         CeedCallBackend(CeedRealloc(num_eval_modes_out + q_comp, &eval_modes_out));
1309         for (CeedInt d = 0; d < q_comp; d++) {
1310           eval_modes_out[num_eval_modes_out + d] = eval_mode;
1311         }
1312         num_eval_modes_out += q_comp;
1313       }
1314     }
1315   }
1316   CeedCheck(num_eval_modes_in > 0 && num_eval_modes_out > 0, ceed, CEED_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED, "Cannot assemble operator without inputs/outputs");
1317 
1318   CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(1, &impl->asmb));
1319   CeedOperatorAssemble_Hip *asmb = impl->asmb;
1320   asmb->elems_per_block          = 1;
1321   asmb->block_size_x             = elem_size_in;
1322   asmb->block_size_y             = elem_size_out;
1323 
1324   bool fallback = asmb->block_size_x * asmb->block_size_y * asmb->elems_per_block > 1024;
1325 
1326   if (fallback) {
1327     // Use fallback kernel with 1D threadblock
1328     asmb->block_size_y = 1;
1329   }
1330 
1331   // Compile kernels
1332   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetNumComponents(rstr_in, &num_comp_in));
1333   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetNumComponents(rstr_out, &num_comp_out));
1334   CeedCallBackend(CeedGetJitAbsolutePath(ceed, "ceed/jit-source/hip/hip-ref-operator-assemble.h", &assembly_kernel_path));
1335   CeedDebug256(ceed, CEED_DEBUG_COLOR_SUCCESS, "----- Loading Assembly Kernel Source -----\n");
1336   CeedCallBackend(CeedLoadSourceToBuffer(ceed, assembly_kernel_path, &assembly_kernel_source));
1337   CeedDebug256(ceed, CEED_DEBUG_COLOR_SUCCESS, "----- Loading Assembly Source Complete! -----\n");
1338   CeedCallBackend(CeedCompile_Hip(ceed, assembly_kernel_source, &asmb->module, 10, "NUM_EVAL_MODES_IN", num_eval_modes_in, "NUM_EVAL_MODES_OUT",
1339                                   num_eval_modes_out, "NUM_COMP_IN", num_comp_in, "NUM_COMP_OUT", num_comp_out, "NUM_NODES_IN", elem_size_in,
1340                                   "NUM_NODES_OUT", elem_size_out, "NUM_QPTS", num_qpts_in, "BLOCK_SIZE",
1341                                   asmb->block_size_x * asmb->block_size_y * asmb->elems_per_block, "BLOCK_SIZE_Y", asmb->block_size_y, "USE_CEEDSIZE",
1342                                   use_ceedsize_idx));
1343   CeedCallBackend(CeedGetKernel_Hip(ceed, asmb->module, "LinearAssemble", &asmb->LinearAssemble));
1344   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&assembly_kernel_path));
1345   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&assembly_kernel_source));
1346 
1347   // Load into B_in, in order that they will be used in eval_modes_in
1348   {
1349     const CeedInt in_bytes           = elem_size_in * num_qpts_in * num_eval_modes_in * sizeof(CeedScalar);
1350     CeedInt       d_in               = 0;
1351     CeedEvalMode  eval_modes_in_prev = CEED_EVAL_NONE;
1352     bool          has_eval_none      = false;
1353     CeedScalar   *identity           = NULL;
1354 
1355     for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_eval_modes_in; i++) {
1356       has_eval_none = has_eval_none || (eval_modes_in[i] == CEED_EVAL_NONE);
1357     }
1358     if (has_eval_none) {
1359       CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(elem_size_in * num_qpts_in, &identity));
1360       for (CeedInt i = 0; i < (elem_size_in < num_qpts_in ? elem_size_in : num_qpts_in); i++) identity[i * elem_size_in + i] = 1.0;
1361     }
1362 
1363     CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMalloc((void **)&asmb->d_B_in, in_bytes));
1364     for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_eval_modes_in; i++) {
1365       const CeedScalar *h_B_in;
1366 
1367       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetBasisPointer(basis_in, eval_modes_in[i], identity, &h_B_in));
1368       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadratureComponents(basis_in, eval_modes_in[i], &q_comp));
1369       if (q_comp > 1) {
1370         if (i == 0 || eval_modes_in[i] != eval_modes_in_prev) d_in = 0;
1371         else h_B_in = &h_B_in[(++d_in) * elem_size_in * num_qpts_in];
1372       }
1373       eval_modes_in_prev = eval_modes_in[i];
1374 
1375       CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMemcpy(&asmb->d_B_in[i * elem_size_in * num_qpts_in], h_B_in, elem_size_in * num_qpts_in * sizeof(CeedScalar),
1376                                   hipMemcpyHostToDevice));
1377     }
1378 
1379     if (identity) {
1380       CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&identity));
1381     }
1382   }
1383 
1384   // Load into B_out, in order that they will be used in eval_modes_out
1385   {
1386     const CeedInt out_bytes           = elem_size_out * num_qpts_out * num_eval_modes_out * sizeof(CeedScalar);
1387     CeedInt       d_out               = 0;
1388     CeedEvalMode  eval_modes_out_prev = CEED_EVAL_NONE;
1389     bool          has_eval_none       = false;
1390     CeedScalar   *identity            = NULL;
1391 
1392     for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_eval_modes_out; i++) {
1393       has_eval_none = has_eval_none || (eval_modes_out[i] == CEED_EVAL_NONE);
1394     }
1395     if (has_eval_none) {
1396       CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(elem_size_out * num_qpts_out, &identity));
1397       for (CeedInt i = 0; i < (elem_size_out < num_qpts_out ? elem_size_out : num_qpts_out); i++) identity[i * elem_size_out + i] = 1.0;
1398     }
1399 
1400     CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMalloc((void **)&asmb->d_B_out, out_bytes));
1401     for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_eval_modes_out; i++) {
1402       const CeedScalar *h_B_out;
1403 
1404       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetBasisPointer(basis_out, eval_modes_out[i], identity, &h_B_out));
1405       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadratureComponents(basis_out, eval_modes_out[i], &q_comp));
1406       if (q_comp > 1) {
1407         if (i == 0 || eval_modes_out[i] != eval_modes_out_prev) d_out = 0;
1408         else h_B_out = &h_B_out[(++d_out) * elem_size_out * num_qpts_out];
1409       }
1410       eval_modes_out_prev = eval_modes_out[i];
1411 
1412       CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMemcpy(&asmb->d_B_out[i * elem_size_out * num_qpts_out], h_B_out, elem_size_out * num_qpts_out * sizeof(CeedScalar),
1413                                   hipMemcpyHostToDevice));
1414     }
1415 
1416     if (identity) {
1417       CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&identity));
1418     }
1419   }
1420   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
1421 }
1422 
1423 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1424 // Assemble matrix data for COO matrix of assembled operator.
1425 // The sparsity pattern is set by CeedOperatorLinearAssembleSymbolic.
1426 //
1427 // Note that this (and other assembly routines) currently assume only one active input restriction/basis per operator (could have multiple basis eval
1428 // modes).
1429 // TODO: allow multiple active input restrictions/basis objects
1430 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1431 static int CeedSingleOperatorAssemble_Hip(CeedOperator op, CeedInt offset, CeedVector values) {
1432   Ceed                ceed;
1433   CeedSize            values_length = 0, assembled_qf_length = 0;
1434   CeedInt             use_ceedsize_idx = 0, num_elem_in, num_elem_out, elem_size_in, elem_size_out;
1435   CeedScalar         *values_array;
1436   const CeedScalar   *assembled_qf_array;
1437   CeedVector          assembled_qf   = NULL;
1438   CeedElemRestriction assembled_rstr = NULL, rstr_in, rstr_out;
1439   CeedRestrictionType rstr_type_in, rstr_type_out;
1440   const bool         *orients_in = NULL, *orients_out = NULL;
1441   const CeedInt8     *curl_orients_in = NULL, *curl_orients_out = NULL;
1442   CeedOperator_Hip   *impl;
1443 
1444   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetCeed(op, &ceed));
1445   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetData(op, &impl));
1446 
1447   // Assemble QFunction
1448   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorLinearAssembleQFunctionBuildOrUpdate(op, &assembled_qf, &assembled_rstr, CEED_REQUEST_IMMEDIATE));
1449   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&assembled_rstr));
1450   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetArrayRead(assembled_qf, CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &assembled_qf_array));
1451 
1452   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetLength(values, &values_length));
1453   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetLength(assembled_qf, &assembled_qf_length));
1454   if ((values_length > INT_MAX) || (assembled_qf_length > INT_MAX)) use_ceedsize_idx = 1;
1455 
1456   // Setup
1457   if (!impl->asmb) CeedCallBackend(CeedSingleOperatorAssembleSetup_Hip(op, use_ceedsize_idx));
1458   CeedOperatorAssemble_Hip *asmb = impl->asmb;
1459 
1460   assert(asmb != NULL);
1461 
1462   // Assemble element operator
1463   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetArray(values, CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &values_array));
1464   values_array += offset;
1465 
1466   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetActiveElemRestrictions(op, &rstr_in, &rstr_out));
1467   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetNumElements(rstr_in, &num_elem_in));
1468   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetElementSize(rstr_in, &elem_size_in));
1469 
1470   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetType(rstr_in, &rstr_type_in));
1471   if (rstr_type_in == CEED_RESTRICTION_ORIENTED) {
1472     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetOrientations(rstr_in, CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &orients_in));
1473   } else if (rstr_type_in == CEED_RESTRICTION_CURL_ORIENTED) {
1474     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetCurlOrientations(rstr_in, CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &curl_orients_in));
1475   }
1476 
1477   if (rstr_in != rstr_out) {
1478     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetNumElements(rstr_out, &num_elem_out));
1479     CeedCheck(num_elem_in == num_elem_out, ceed, CEED_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED,
1480               "Active input and output operator restrictions must have the same number of elements");
1481     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetElementSize(rstr_out, &elem_size_out));
1482 
1483     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetType(rstr_out, &rstr_type_out));
1484     if (rstr_type_out == CEED_RESTRICTION_ORIENTED) {
1485       CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetOrientations(rstr_out, CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &orients_out));
1486     } else if (rstr_type_out == CEED_RESTRICTION_CURL_ORIENTED) {
1487       CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetCurlOrientations(rstr_out, CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &curl_orients_out));
1488     }
1489   } else {
1490     elem_size_out    = elem_size_in;
1491     orients_out      = orients_in;
1492     curl_orients_out = curl_orients_in;
1493   }
1494 
1495   // Compute B^T D B
1496   CeedInt shared_mem =
1497       ((curl_orients_in || curl_orients_out ? elem_size_in * elem_size_out : 0) + (curl_orients_in ? elem_size_in * asmb->block_size_y : 0)) *
1498       sizeof(CeedScalar);
1499   CeedInt grid   = CeedDivUpInt(num_elem_in, asmb->elems_per_block);
1500   void   *args[] = {(void *)&num_elem_in, &asmb->d_B_in,     &asmb->d_B_out,      &orients_in,  &curl_orients_in,
1501                     &orients_out,         &curl_orients_out, &assembled_qf_array, &values_array};
1502 
1503   CeedCallBackend(
1504       CeedRunKernelDimShared_Hip(ceed, asmb->LinearAssemble, grid, asmb->block_size_x, asmb->block_size_y, asmb->elems_per_block, shared_mem, args));
1505 
1506   // Restore arrays
1507   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorRestoreArray(values, &values_array));
1508   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorRestoreArrayRead(assembled_qf, &assembled_qf_array));
1509 
1510   // Cleanup
1511   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&assembled_qf));
1512   if (rstr_type_in == CEED_RESTRICTION_ORIENTED) {
1513     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionRestoreOrientations(rstr_in, &orients_in));
1514   } else if (rstr_type_in == CEED_RESTRICTION_CURL_ORIENTED) {
1515     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionRestoreCurlOrientations(rstr_in, &curl_orients_in));
1516   }
1517   if (rstr_in != rstr_out) {
1518     if (rstr_type_out == CEED_RESTRICTION_ORIENTED) {
1519       CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionRestoreOrientations(rstr_out, &orients_out));
1520     } else if (rstr_type_out == CEED_RESTRICTION_CURL_ORIENTED) {
1521       CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionRestoreCurlOrientations(rstr_out, &curl_orients_out));
1522     }
1523   }
1524   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
1525 }
1526 
1527 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1528 // Assemble Linear QFunction AtPoints
1529 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1530 static int CeedOperatorLinearAssembleQFunctionAtPoints_Hip(CeedOperator op, CeedVector *assembled, CeedElemRestriction *rstr, CeedRequest *request) {
1531   return CeedError(CeedOperatorReturnCeed(op), CEED_ERROR_BACKEND, "Backend does not implement CeedOperatorLinearAssembleQFunction");
1532 }
1533 
1534 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1535 // Assemble Linear Diagonal AtPoints
1536 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1537 static int CeedOperatorLinearAssembleAddDiagonalAtPoints_Hip(CeedOperator op, CeedVector assembled, CeedRequest *request) {
1538   CeedInt             max_num_points, num_elem, num_input_fields, num_output_fields;
1539   CeedScalar         *e_data[2 * CEED_FIELD_MAX] = {NULL};
1540   CeedQFunctionField *qf_input_fields, *qf_output_fields;
1541   CeedQFunction       qf;
1542   CeedOperatorField  *op_input_fields, *op_output_fields;
1543   CeedOperator_Hip   *impl;
1544 
1545   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetData(op, &impl));
1546   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetQFunction(op, &qf));
1547   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetNumElements(op, &num_elem));
1548   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetFields(op, &num_input_fields, &op_input_fields, &num_output_fields, &op_output_fields));
1549   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionGetFields(qf, NULL, &qf_input_fields, NULL, &qf_output_fields));
1550   CeedInt num_points[num_elem];
1551 
1552   // Setup
1553   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorSetupAtPoints_Hip(op));
1554   max_num_points = impl->max_num_points;
1555   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_elem; i++) num_points[i] = max_num_points;
1556 
1557   // Input Evecs and Restriction
1558   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorSetupInputs_Hip(num_input_fields, qf_input_fields, op_input_fields, NULL, true, e_data, impl, request));
1559 
1560   // Get point coordinates
1561   if (!impl->point_coords_elem) {
1562     CeedVector          point_coords = NULL;
1563     CeedElemRestriction rstr_points  = NULL;
1564 
1565     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorAtPointsGetPoints(op, &rstr_points, &point_coords));
1566     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionCreateVector(rstr_points, NULL, &impl->point_coords_elem));
1567     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionApply(rstr_points, CEED_NOTRANSPOSE, point_coords, impl->point_coords_elem, request));
1568   }
1569 
1570   // Clear active input Qvecs
1571   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_input_fields; i++) {
1572     CeedVector vec;
1573 
1574     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_input_fields[i], &vec));
1575     if (vec != CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) continue;
1576     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorSetValue(impl->q_vecs_in[i], 0.0));
1577   }
1578 
1579   // Input basis apply if needed
1580   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorInputBasisAtPoints_Hip(num_elem, num_points, qf_input_fields, op_input_fields, num_input_fields, true, e_data, impl));
1581 
1582   // Output pointers, as necessary
1583   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_output_fields; i++) {
1584     CeedEvalMode eval_mode;
1585 
1586     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_output_fields[i], &eval_mode));
1587     if (eval_mode == CEED_EVAL_NONE) {
1588       // Set the output Q-Vector to use the E-Vector data directly.
1589       CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetArrayWrite(impl->e_vecs[i + impl->num_inputs], CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &e_data[i + num_input_fields]));
1590       CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorSetArray(impl->q_vecs_out[i], CEED_MEM_DEVICE, CEED_USE_POINTER, e_data[i + num_input_fields]));
1591     }
1592   }
1593 
1594   // Loop over active fields
1595   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_input_fields; i++) {
1596     bool                is_active_at_points = true;
1597     CeedInt             elem_size = 1, num_comp_active = 1, e_vec_size = 0;
1598     CeedRestrictionType rstr_type;
1599     CeedVector          vec;
1600     CeedElemRestriction elem_rstr;
1601 
1602     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_input_fields[i], &vec));
1603     // -- Skip non-active input
1604     if (vec != CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) continue;
1605 
1606     // -- Get active restriction type
1607     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(op_input_fields[i], &elem_rstr));
1608     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetType(elem_rstr, &rstr_type));
1609     is_active_at_points = rstr_type == CEED_RESTRICTION_POINTS;
1610     if (!is_active_at_points) CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetElementSize(elem_rstr, &elem_size));
1611     else elem_size = max_num_points;
1612     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetNumComponents(elem_rstr, &num_comp_active));
1613 
1614     e_vec_size = elem_size * num_comp_active;
1615     for (CeedInt s = 0; s < e_vec_size; s++) {
1616       bool         is_active_input = false;
1617       CeedEvalMode eval_mode;
1618       CeedVector   vec;
1619       CeedBasis    basis;
1620 
1621       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_input_fields[i], &vec));
1622       // Skip non-active input
1623       is_active_input = vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE;
1624       if (!is_active_input) continue;
1625 
1626       // Update unit vector
1627       if (s == 0) CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorSetValue(impl->e_vecs[i], 0.0));
1628       else CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorSetValueStrided(impl->e_vecs[i], s - 1, e_vec_size, 0.0));
1629       CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorSetValueStrided(impl->e_vecs[i], s, e_vec_size, 1.0));
1630 
1631       // Basis action
1632       CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_input_fields[i], &eval_mode));
1633       switch (eval_mode) {
1634         case CEED_EVAL_NONE:
1635           CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorSetArray(impl->q_vecs_in[i], CEED_MEM_DEVICE, CEED_USE_POINTER, e_data[i]));
1636           break;
1637         case CEED_EVAL_INTERP:
1638         case CEED_EVAL_GRAD:
1639         case CEED_EVAL_DIV:
1640         case CEED_EVAL_CURL:
1641           CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(op_input_fields[i], &basis));
1642           CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisApplyAtPoints(basis, num_elem, num_points, CEED_NOTRANSPOSE, eval_mode, impl->point_coords_elem, impl->e_vecs[i],
1643                                                  impl->q_vecs_in[i]));
1644           break;
1645         case CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT:
1646           break;  // No action
1647       }
1648 
1649       // Q function
1650       CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionApply(qf, num_elem * max_num_points, impl->q_vecs_in, impl->q_vecs_out));
1651 
1652       // Output basis apply if needed
1653       for (CeedInt j = 0; j < num_output_fields; j++) {
1654         bool                is_active_output = false;
1655         CeedInt             elem_size        = 0;
1656         CeedRestrictionType rstr_type;
1657         CeedEvalMode        eval_mode;
1658         CeedVector          vec;
1659         CeedElemRestriction elem_rstr;
1660         CeedBasis           basis;
1661 
1662         CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_output_fields[j], &vec));
1663         // ---- Skip non-active output
1664         is_active_output = vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE;
1665         if (!is_active_output) continue;
1666 
1667         // ---- Check if elem size matches
1668         CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(op_output_fields[j], &elem_rstr));
1669         CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetType(elem_rstr, &rstr_type));
1670         if (is_active_at_points && rstr_type != CEED_RESTRICTION_POINTS) continue;
1671         if (rstr_type == CEED_RESTRICTION_POINTS) {
1672           CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetMaxPointsInElement(elem_rstr, &elem_size));
1673         } else {
1674           CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetElementSize(elem_rstr, &elem_size));
1675         }
1676         {
1677           CeedInt num_comp = 0;
1678 
1679           CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetNumComponents(elem_rstr, &num_comp));
1680           if (e_vec_size != num_comp * elem_size) continue;
1681         }
1682 
1683         // Basis action
1684         CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_output_fields[j], &eval_mode));
1685         switch (eval_mode) {
1686           case CEED_EVAL_NONE:
1687             CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorRestoreArray(impl->e_vecs[j + impl->num_inputs], &e_data[j + num_input_fields]));
1688             break;
1689           case CEED_EVAL_INTERP:
1690           case CEED_EVAL_GRAD:
1691           case CEED_EVAL_DIV:
1692           case CEED_EVAL_CURL:
1693             CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(op_output_fields[j], &basis));
1694             CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisApplyAtPoints(basis, num_elem, num_points, CEED_TRANSPOSE, eval_mode, impl->point_coords_elem,
1695                                                    impl->q_vecs_out[j], impl->e_vecs[j + impl->num_inputs]));
1696             break;
1697           // LCOV_EXCL_START
1698           case CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT: {
1699             return CeedError(CeedOperatorReturnCeed(op), CEED_ERROR_BACKEND, "CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT cannot be an output evaluation mode");
1700             // LCOV_EXCL_STOP
1701           }
1702         }
1703 
1704         // Mask output e-vec
1705         CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorPointwiseMult(impl->e_vecs[j + impl->num_inputs], impl->e_vecs[i], impl->e_vecs[j + impl->num_inputs]));
1706 
1707         // Restrict
1708         CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(op_output_fields[j], &elem_rstr));
1709         CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionApply(elem_rstr, CEED_TRANSPOSE, impl->e_vecs[j + impl->num_inputs], assembled, request));
1710 
1711         // Reset q_vec for
1712         if (eval_mode == CEED_EVAL_NONE) {
1713           CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetArrayWrite(impl->e_vecs[j + impl->num_inputs], CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &e_data[j + num_input_fields]));
1714           CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorSetArray(impl->q_vecs_out[j], CEED_MEM_DEVICE, CEED_USE_POINTER, e_data[j + num_input_fields]));
1715         }
1716       }
1717 
1718       // Reset vec
1719       if (s == e_vec_size - 1 && i != num_input_fields - 1) CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorSetValue(impl->q_vecs_in[i], 0.0));
1720     }
1721   }
1722 
1723   // Restore CEED_EVAL_NONE
1724   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_output_fields; i++) {
1725     CeedEvalMode eval_mode;
1726 
1727     // Get eval_mode
1728     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_output_fields[i], &eval_mode));
1729 
1730     // Restore evec
1731     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_output_fields[i], &eval_mode));
1732     if (eval_mode == CEED_EVAL_NONE) {
1733       CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorRestoreArray(impl->e_vecs[i + impl->num_inputs], &e_data[i + num_input_fields]));
1734     }
1735   }
1736 
1737   // Restore input arrays
1738   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorRestoreInputs_Hip(num_input_fields, qf_input_fields, op_input_fields, true, e_data, impl));
1739   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
1740 }
1741 
1742 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1743 // Create operator
1744 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1745 int CeedOperatorCreate_Hip(CeedOperator op) {
1746   Ceed              ceed;
1747   CeedOperator_Hip *impl;
1748 
1749   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetCeed(op, &ceed));
1750   CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(1, &impl));
1751   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorSetData(op, impl));
1752   CeedCallBackend(CeedSetBackendFunction(ceed, "Operator", op, "LinearAssembleQFunction", CeedOperatorLinearAssembleQFunction_Hip));
1753   CeedCallBackend(CeedSetBackendFunction(ceed, "Operator", op, "LinearAssembleQFunctionUpdate", CeedOperatorLinearAssembleQFunctionUpdate_Hip));
1754   CeedCallBackend(CeedSetBackendFunction(ceed, "Operator", op, "LinearAssembleAddDiagonal", CeedOperatorLinearAssembleAddDiagonal_Hip));
1755   CeedCallBackend(
1756       CeedSetBackendFunction(ceed, "Operator", op, "LinearAssembleAddPointBlockDiagonal", CeedOperatorLinearAssembleAddPointBlockDiagonal_Hip));
1757   CeedCallBackend(CeedSetBackendFunction(ceed, "Operator", op, "LinearAssembleSingle", CeedSingleOperatorAssemble_Hip));
1758   CeedCallBackend(CeedSetBackendFunction(ceed, "Operator", op, "ApplyAdd", CeedOperatorApplyAdd_Hip));
1759   CeedCallBackend(CeedSetBackendFunction(ceed, "Operator", op, "Destroy", CeedOperatorDestroy_Hip));
1760   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
1761 }
1762 
1763 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1764 // Create operator AtPoints
1765 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1766 int CeedOperatorCreateAtPoints_Hip(CeedOperator op) {
1767   Ceed              ceed;
1768   CeedOperator_Hip *impl;
1769 
1770   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetCeed(op, &ceed));
1771   CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(1, &impl));
1772   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorSetData(op, impl));
1773 
1774   CeedCallBackend(CeedSetBackendFunction(ceed, "Operator", op, "LinearAssembleQFunction", CeedOperatorLinearAssembleQFunctionAtPoints_Hip));
1775   CeedCallBackend(CeedSetBackendFunction(ceed, "Operator", op, "LinearAssembleAddDiagonal", CeedOperatorLinearAssembleAddDiagonalAtPoints_Hip));
1776   CeedCallBackend(CeedSetBackendFunction(ceed, "Operator", op, "ApplyAdd", CeedOperatorApplyAddAtPoints_Hip));
1777   CeedCallBackend(CeedSetBackendFunction(ceed, "Operator", op, "Destroy", CeedOperatorDestroy_Hip));
1778   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
1779 }
1780 
1781 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1782