xref: /libCEED/backends/hip-ref/ceed-hip-ref-operator.c (revision b473a06276daa8a28b9126dca2fc365f20267013)
1 // Copyright (c) 2017-2022, Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC and other CEED contributors.
2 // All Rights Reserved. See the top-level LICENSE and NOTICE files for details.
3 //
4 // SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
5 //
6 // This file is part of CEED:  http://github.com/ceed
7 
8 #include <ceed.h>
9 #include <ceed/backend.h>
10 #include <ceed/jit-tools.h>
11 #include <assert.h>
12 #include <stdbool.h>
13 #include <string.h>
14 #include <hip/hip_runtime.h>
15 
16 #include "../hip/ceed-hip-common.h"
17 #include "../hip/ceed-hip-compile.h"
18 #include "ceed-hip-ref.h"
19 
20 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
21 // Destroy operator
22 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
23 static int CeedOperatorDestroy_Hip(CeedOperator op) {
24   CeedOperator_Hip *impl;
25 
26   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetData(op, &impl));
27 
28   // Apply data
29   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < impl->num_inputs + impl->num_outputs; i++) {
30     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&impl->e_vecs[i]));
31   }
32   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&impl->e_vecs));
33 
34   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < impl->num_inputs; i++) {
35     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&impl->q_vecs_in[i]));
36   }
37   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&impl->q_vecs_in));
38 
39   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < impl->num_outputs; i++) {
40     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&impl->q_vecs_out[i]));
41   }
42   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&impl->q_vecs_out));
43 
44   // QFunction assembly data
45   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < impl->num_active_in; i++) {
46     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&impl->qf_active_in[i]));
47   }
48   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&impl->qf_active_in));
49 
50   // Diag data
51   if (impl->diag) {
52     Ceed ceed;
53 
54     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetCeed(op, &ceed));
55     CeedCallHip(ceed, hipModuleUnload(impl->diag->module));
56     CeedCallHip(ceed, hipFree(impl->diag->d_eval_modes_in));
57     CeedCallHip(ceed, hipFree(impl->diag->d_eval_modes_out));
58     CeedCallHip(ceed, hipFree(impl->diag->d_identity));
59     CeedCallHip(ceed, hipFree(impl->diag->d_interp_in));
60     CeedCallHip(ceed, hipFree(impl->diag->d_interp_out));
61     CeedCallHip(ceed, hipFree(impl->diag->d_grad_in));
62     CeedCallHip(ceed, hipFree(impl->diag->d_grad_out));
63     CeedCallHip(ceed, hipFree(impl->diag->d_div_in));
64     CeedCallHip(ceed, hipFree(impl->diag->d_div_out));
65     CeedCallHip(ceed, hipFree(impl->diag->d_curl_in));
66     CeedCallHip(ceed, hipFree(impl->diag->d_curl_out));
67     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&impl->diag->diag_rstr));
68     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&impl->diag->point_block_diag_rstr));
69     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&impl->diag->elem_diag));
70     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&impl->diag->point_block_elem_diag));
71   }
72   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&impl->diag));
73 
74   if (impl->asmb) {
75     Ceed ceed;
76 
77     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetCeed(op, &ceed));
78     CeedCallHip(ceed, hipModuleUnload(impl->asmb->module));
79     CeedCallHip(ceed, hipFree(impl->asmb->d_B_in));
80     CeedCallHip(ceed, hipFree(impl->asmb->d_B_out));
81   }
82   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&impl->asmb));
83 
84   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&impl));
85   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
86 }
87 
88 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
89 // Setup infields or outfields
90 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
91 static int CeedOperatorSetupFields_Hip(CeedQFunction qf, CeedOperator op, bool is_input, CeedVector *e_vecs, CeedVector *q_vecs, CeedInt start_e,
92                                        CeedInt num_fields, CeedInt Q, CeedInt num_elem) {
93   Ceed                ceed;
94   CeedQFunctionField *qf_fields;
95   CeedOperatorField  *op_fields;
96 
97   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetCeed(op, &ceed));
98   if (is_input) {
99     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetFields(op, NULL, &op_fields, NULL, NULL));
100     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionGetFields(qf, NULL, &qf_fields, NULL, NULL));
101   } else {
102     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetFields(op, NULL, NULL, NULL, &op_fields));
103     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionGetFields(qf, NULL, NULL, NULL, &qf_fields));
104   }
105 
106   // Loop over fields
107   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_fields; i++) {
108     bool         is_strided = false, skip_restriction = false;
109     CeedSize     q_size;
110     CeedInt      size;
111     CeedEvalMode eval_mode;
112     CeedBasis    basis;
113 
114     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_fields[i], &eval_mode));
115     if (eval_mode != CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT) {
116       CeedElemRestriction elem_rstr;
117 
118       // Check whether this field can skip the element restriction:
119       // Must be passive input, with eval_mode NONE, and have a strided restriction with CEED_STRIDES_BACKEND.
120       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(op_fields[i], &elem_rstr));
121 
122       // First, check whether the field is input or output:
123       if (is_input) {
124         CeedVector vec;
125 
126         // Check for passive input
127         CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_fields[i], &vec));
128         if (vec != CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) {
129           // Check eval_mode
130           if (eval_mode == CEED_EVAL_NONE) {
131             // Check for strided restriction
132             CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionIsStrided(elem_rstr, &is_strided));
133             if (is_strided) {
134               // Check if vector is already in preferred backend ordering
135               CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionHasBackendStrides(elem_rstr, &skip_restriction));
136             }
137           }
138         }
139       }
140       if (skip_restriction) {
141         // We do not need an E-Vector, but will use the input field vector's data directly in the operator application.
142         e_vecs[i + start_e] = NULL;
143       } else {
144         CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionCreateVector(elem_rstr, NULL, &e_vecs[i + start_e]));
145       }
146     }
147 
148     switch (eval_mode) {
149       case CEED_EVAL_NONE:
150         CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetSize(qf_fields[i], &size));
151         q_size = (CeedSize)num_elem * Q * size;
152         CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorCreate(ceed, q_size, &q_vecs[i]));
153         break;
154       case CEED_EVAL_INTERP:
155       case CEED_EVAL_GRAD:
156       case CEED_EVAL_DIV:
157       case CEED_EVAL_CURL:
158         CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetSize(qf_fields[i], &size));
159         q_size = (CeedSize)num_elem * Q * size;
160         CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorCreate(ceed, q_size, &q_vecs[i]));
161         break;
162       case CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT:  // Only on input fields
163         CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(op_fields[i], &basis));
164         q_size = (CeedSize)num_elem * Q;
165         CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorCreate(ceed, q_size, &q_vecs[i]));
166         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisApply(basis, num_elem, CEED_NOTRANSPOSE, CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT, CEED_VECTOR_NONE, q_vecs[i]));
167         break;
168     }
169   }
170   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
171 }
172 
173 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
174 // CeedOperator needs to connect all the named fields (be they active or passive) to the named inputs and outputs of its CeedQFunction.
175 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
176 static int CeedOperatorSetup_Hip(CeedOperator op) {
177   Ceed                ceed;
178   bool                is_setup_done;
179   CeedInt             Q, num_elem, num_input_fields, num_output_fields;
180   CeedQFunctionField *qf_input_fields, *qf_output_fields;
181   CeedQFunction       qf;
182   CeedOperatorField  *op_input_fields, *op_output_fields;
183   CeedOperator_Hip   *impl;
184 
185   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorIsSetupDone(op, &is_setup_done));
186   if (is_setup_done) return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
187 
188   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetCeed(op, &ceed));
189   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetData(op, &impl));
190   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetQFunction(op, &qf));
191   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetNumQuadraturePoints(op, &Q));
192   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetNumElements(op, &num_elem));
193   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetFields(op, &num_input_fields, &op_input_fields, &num_output_fields, &op_output_fields));
194   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionGetFields(qf, NULL, &qf_input_fields, NULL, &qf_output_fields));
195 
196   // Allocate
197   CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(num_input_fields + num_output_fields, &impl->e_vecs));
198   CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(CEED_FIELD_MAX, &impl->q_vecs_in));
199   CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(CEED_FIELD_MAX, &impl->q_vecs_out));
200   impl->num_inputs  = num_input_fields;
201   impl->num_outputs = num_output_fields;
202 
203   // Set up infield and outfield e_vecs and q_vecs
204   // Infields
205   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorSetupFields_Hip(qf, op, true, impl->e_vecs, impl->q_vecs_in, 0, num_input_fields, Q, num_elem));
206   // Outfields
207   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorSetupFields_Hip(qf, op, false, impl->e_vecs, impl->q_vecs_out, num_input_fields, num_output_fields, Q, num_elem));
208 
209   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorSetSetupDone(op));
210   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
211 }
212 
213 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
214 // Setup Operator Inputs
215 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
216 static inline int CeedOperatorSetupInputs_Hip(CeedInt num_input_fields, CeedQFunctionField *qf_input_fields, CeedOperatorField *op_input_fields,
217                                               CeedVector in_vec, const bool skip_active, CeedScalar *e_data[2 * CEED_FIELD_MAX],
218                                               CeedOperator_Hip *impl, CeedRequest *request) {
219   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_input_fields; i++) {
220     CeedEvalMode        eval_mode;
221     CeedVector          vec;
222     CeedElemRestriction elem_rstr;
223 
224     // Get input vector
225     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_input_fields[i], &vec));
226     if (vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) {
227       if (skip_active) continue;
228       else vec = in_vec;
229     }
230 
231     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_input_fields[i], &eval_mode));
232     if (eval_mode == CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT) {  // Skip
233     } else {
234       // Get input vector
235       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_input_fields[i], &vec));
236       // Get input element restriction
237       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(op_input_fields[i], &elem_rstr));
238       if (vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) vec = in_vec;
239       // Restrict, if necessary
240       if (!impl->e_vecs[i]) {
241         // No restriction for this field; read data directly from vec.
242         CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetArrayRead(vec, CEED_MEM_DEVICE, (const CeedScalar **)&e_data[i]));
243       } else {
244         CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionApply(elem_rstr, CEED_NOTRANSPOSE, vec, impl->e_vecs[i], request));
245         // Get evec
246         CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetArrayRead(impl->e_vecs[i], CEED_MEM_DEVICE, (const CeedScalar **)&e_data[i]));
247       }
248     }
249   }
250   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
251 }
252 
253 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
254 // Input Basis Action
255 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
256 static inline int CeedOperatorInputBasis_Hip(CeedInt num_elem, CeedQFunctionField *qf_input_fields, CeedOperatorField *op_input_fields,
257                                              CeedInt num_input_fields, const bool skip_active, CeedScalar *e_data[2 * CEED_FIELD_MAX],
258                                              CeedOperator_Hip *impl) {
259   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_input_fields; i++) {
260     CeedInt             elem_size, size;
261     CeedEvalMode        eval_mode;
262     CeedElemRestriction elem_rstr;
263     CeedBasis           basis;
264 
265     // Skip active input
266     if (skip_active) {
267       CeedVector vec;
268 
269       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_input_fields[i], &vec));
270       if (vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) continue;
271     }
272     // Get elem_size, eval_mode, size
273     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(op_input_fields[i], &elem_rstr));
274     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetElementSize(elem_rstr, &elem_size));
275     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_input_fields[i], &eval_mode));
276     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetSize(qf_input_fields[i], &size));
277     // Basis action
278     switch (eval_mode) {
279       case CEED_EVAL_NONE:
280         CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorSetArray(impl->q_vecs_in[i], CEED_MEM_DEVICE, CEED_USE_POINTER, e_data[i]));
281         break;
282       case CEED_EVAL_INTERP:
283       case CEED_EVAL_GRAD:
284       case CEED_EVAL_DIV:
285       case CEED_EVAL_CURL:
286         CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(op_input_fields[i], &basis));
287         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisApply(basis, num_elem, CEED_NOTRANSPOSE, eval_mode, impl->e_vecs[i], impl->q_vecs_in[i]));
288         break;
289       case CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT:
290         break;  // No action
291     }
292   }
293   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
294 }
295 
296 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
297 // Restore Input Vectors
298 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
299 static inline int CeedOperatorRestoreInputs_Hip(CeedInt num_input_fields, CeedQFunctionField *qf_input_fields, CeedOperatorField *op_input_fields,
300                                                 const bool skip_active, CeedScalar *e_data[2 * CEED_FIELD_MAX], CeedOperator_Hip *impl) {
301   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_input_fields; i++) {
302     CeedEvalMode eval_mode;
303     CeedVector   vec;
304 
305     // Skip active input
306     if (skip_active) {
307       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_input_fields[i], &vec));
308       if (vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) continue;
309     }
310     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_input_fields[i], &eval_mode));
311     if (eval_mode == CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT) {  // Skip
312     } else {
313       if (!impl->e_vecs[i]) {  // This was a skip_restriction case
314         CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_input_fields[i], &vec));
315         CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorRestoreArrayRead(vec, (const CeedScalar **)&e_data[i]));
316       } else {
317         CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorRestoreArrayRead(impl->e_vecs[i], (const CeedScalar **)&e_data[i]));
318       }
319     }
320   }
321   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
322 }
323 
324 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
325 // Apply and add to output
326 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
327 static int CeedOperatorApplyAdd_Hip(CeedOperator op, CeedVector in_vec, CeedVector out_vec, CeedRequest *request) {
328   CeedInt             Q, num_elem, elem_size, num_input_fields, num_output_fields, size;
329   CeedScalar         *e_data[2 * CEED_FIELD_MAX] = {NULL};
330   CeedQFunctionField *qf_input_fields, *qf_output_fields;
331   CeedQFunction       qf;
332   CeedOperatorField  *op_input_fields, *op_output_fields;
333   CeedOperator_Hip   *impl;
334 
335   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetData(op, &impl));
336   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetQFunction(op, &qf));
337   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetNumQuadraturePoints(op, &Q));
338   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetNumElements(op, &num_elem));
339   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetFields(op, &num_input_fields, &op_input_fields, &num_output_fields, &op_output_fields));
340   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionGetFields(qf, NULL, &qf_input_fields, NULL, &qf_output_fields));
341 
342   // Setup
343   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorSetup_Hip(op));
344 
345   // Input Evecs and Restriction
346   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorSetupInputs_Hip(num_input_fields, qf_input_fields, op_input_fields, in_vec, false, e_data, impl, request));
347 
348   // Input basis apply if needed
349   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorInputBasis_Hip(num_elem, qf_input_fields, op_input_fields, num_input_fields, false, e_data, impl));
350 
351   // Output pointers, as necessary
352   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_output_fields; i++) {
353     CeedEvalMode eval_mode;
354 
355     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_output_fields[i], &eval_mode));
356     if (eval_mode == CEED_EVAL_NONE) {
357       // Set the output Q-Vector to use the E-Vector data directly.
358       CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetArrayWrite(impl->e_vecs[i + impl->num_inputs], CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &e_data[i + num_input_fields]));
359       CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorSetArray(impl->q_vecs_out[i], CEED_MEM_DEVICE, CEED_USE_POINTER, e_data[i + num_input_fields]));
360     }
361   }
362 
363   // Q function
364   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionApply(qf, num_elem * Q, impl->q_vecs_in, impl->q_vecs_out));
365 
366   // Output basis apply if needed
367   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_output_fields; i++) {
368     CeedEvalMode        eval_mode;
369     CeedElemRestriction elem_rstr;
370     CeedBasis           basis;
371 
372     // Get elem_size, eval_mode, size
373     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(op_output_fields[i], &elem_rstr));
374     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetElementSize(elem_rstr, &elem_size));
375     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_output_fields[i], &eval_mode));
376     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetSize(qf_output_fields[i], &size));
377     // Basis action
378     switch (eval_mode) {
379       case CEED_EVAL_NONE:
380         break;  // No action
381       case CEED_EVAL_INTERP:
382       case CEED_EVAL_GRAD:
383       case CEED_EVAL_DIV:
384       case CEED_EVAL_CURL:
385         CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(op_output_fields[i], &basis));
386         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisApply(basis, num_elem, CEED_TRANSPOSE, eval_mode, impl->q_vecs_out[i], impl->e_vecs[i + impl->num_inputs]));
387         break;
388       // LCOV_EXCL_START
389       case CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT: {
390         Ceed ceed;
391 
392         CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetCeed(op, &ceed));
393         return CeedError(ceed, CEED_ERROR_BACKEND, "CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT cannot be an output evaluation mode");
394         // LCOV_EXCL_STOP
395       }
396     }
397   }
398 
399   // Output restriction
400   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_output_fields; i++) {
401     CeedEvalMode        eval_mode;
402     CeedVector          vec;
403     CeedElemRestriction elem_rstr;
404 
405     // Restore evec
406     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_output_fields[i], &eval_mode));
407     if (eval_mode == CEED_EVAL_NONE) {
408       CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorRestoreArray(impl->e_vecs[i + impl->num_inputs], &e_data[i + num_input_fields]));
409     }
410     // Get output vector
411     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_output_fields[i], &vec));
412     // Restrict
413     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(op_output_fields[i], &elem_rstr));
414     // Active
415     if (vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) vec = out_vec;
416 
417     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionApply(elem_rstr, CEED_TRANSPOSE, impl->e_vecs[i + impl->num_inputs], vec, request));
418   }
419 
420   // Restore input arrays
421   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorRestoreInputs_Hip(num_input_fields, qf_input_fields, op_input_fields, false, e_data, impl));
422   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
423 }
424 
425 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
426 // Linear QFunction Assembly Core
427 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
428 static inline int CeedOperatorLinearAssembleQFunctionCore_Hip(CeedOperator op, bool build_objects, CeedVector *assembled, CeedElemRestriction *rstr,
429                                                               CeedRequest *request) {
430   Ceed                ceed, ceed_parent;
431   CeedInt             num_active_in, num_active_out, Q, num_elem, num_input_fields, num_output_fields, size;
432   CeedScalar         *assembled_array, *e_data[2 * CEED_FIELD_MAX] = {NULL};
433   CeedVector         *active_inputs;
434   CeedQFunctionField *qf_input_fields, *qf_output_fields;
435   CeedQFunction       qf;
436   CeedOperatorField  *op_input_fields, *op_output_fields;
437   CeedOperator_Hip   *impl;
438 
439   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetCeed(op, &ceed));
440   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetFallbackParentCeed(op, &ceed_parent));
441   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetData(op, &impl));
442   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetNumQuadraturePoints(op, &Q));
443   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetNumElements(op, &num_elem));
444   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetQFunction(op, &qf));
445   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionGetFields(qf, NULL, &qf_input_fields, NULL, &qf_output_fields));
446   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetFields(op, &num_input_fields, &op_input_fields, &num_output_fields, &op_output_fields));
447   active_inputs = impl->qf_active_in;
448   num_active_in = impl->num_active_in, num_active_out = impl->num_active_out;
449 
450   // Setup
451   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorSetup_Hip(op));
452 
453   // Input Evecs and Restriction
454   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorSetupInputs_Hip(num_input_fields, qf_input_fields, op_input_fields, NULL, true, e_data, impl, request));
455 
456   // Count number of active input fields
457   if (!num_active_in) {
458     for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_input_fields; i++) {
459       CeedScalar *q_vec_array;
460       CeedVector  vec;
461 
462       // Get input vector
463       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_input_fields[i], &vec));
464       // Check if active input
465       if (vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) {
466         CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetSize(qf_input_fields[i], &size));
467         CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorSetValue(impl->q_vecs_in[i], 0.0));
468         CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetArray(impl->q_vecs_in[i], CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &q_vec_array));
469         CeedCallBackend(CeedRealloc(num_active_in + size, &active_inputs));
470         for (CeedInt field = 0; field < size; field++) {
471           CeedSize q_size = (CeedSize)Q * num_elem;
472 
473           CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorCreate(ceed, q_size, &active_inputs[num_active_in + field]));
474           CeedCallBackend(
475               CeedVectorSetArray(active_inputs[num_active_in + field], CEED_MEM_DEVICE, CEED_USE_POINTER, &q_vec_array[field * Q * num_elem]));
476         }
477         num_active_in += size;
478         CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorRestoreArray(impl->q_vecs_in[i], &q_vec_array));
479       }
480     }
481     impl->num_active_in = num_active_in;
482     impl->qf_active_in  = active_inputs;
483   }
484 
485   // Count number of active output fields
486   if (!num_active_out) {
487     for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_output_fields; i++) {
488       CeedVector vec;
489 
490       // Get output vector
491       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_output_fields[i], &vec));
492       // Check if active output
493       if (vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) {
494         CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetSize(qf_output_fields[i], &size));
495         num_active_out += size;
496       }
497     }
498     impl->num_active_out = num_active_out;
499   }
500 
501   // Check sizes
502   CeedCheck(num_active_in > 0 && num_active_out > 0, ceed, CEED_ERROR_BACKEND, "Cannot assemble QFunction without active inputs and outputs");
503 
504   // Build objects if needed
505   if (build_objects) {
506     CeedSize l_size     = (CeedSize)num_elem * Q * num_active_in * num_active_out;
507     CeedInt  strides[3] = {1, num_elem * Q, Q}; /* *NOPAD* */
508 
509     // Create output restriction
510     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionCreateStrided(ceed_parent, num_elem, Q, num_active_in * num_active_out,
511                                                      num_active_in * num_active_out * num_elem * Q, strides, rstr));
512     // Create assembled vector
513     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorCreate(ceed_parent, l_size, assembled));
514   }
515   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorSetValue(*assembled, 0.0));
516   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetArray(*assembled, CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &assembled_array));
517 
518   // Input basis apply
519   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorInputBasis_Hip(num_elem, qf_input_fields, op_input_fields, num_input_fields, true, e_data, impl));
520 
521   // Assemble QFunction
522   for (CeedInt in = 0; in < num_active_in; in++) {
523     // Set Inputs
524     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorSetValue(active_inputs[in], 1.0));
525     if (num_active_in > 1) {
526       CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorSetValue(active_inputs[(in + num_active_in - 1) % num_active_in], 0.0));
527     }
528     // Set Outputs
529     for (CeedInt out = 0; out < num_output_fields; out++) {
530       CeedVector vec;
531 
532       // Get output vector
533       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_output_fields[out], &vec));
534       // Check if active output
535       if (vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) {
536         CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorSetArray(impl->q_vecs_out[out], CEED_MEM_DEVICE, CEED_USE_POINTER, assembled_array));
537         CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetSize(qf_output_fields[out], &size));
538         assembled_array += size * Q * num_elem;  // Advance the pointer by the size of the output
539       }
540     }
541     // Apply QFunction
542     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionApply(qf, Q * num_elem, impl->q_vecs_in, impl->q_vecs_out));
543   }
544 
545   // Un-set output q_vecs to prevent accidental overwrite of Assembled
546   for (CeedInt out = 0; out < num_output_fields; out++) {
547     CeedVector vec;
548 
549     // Get output vector
550     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_output_fields[out], &vec));
551     // Check if active output
552     if (vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) {
553       CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorTakeArray(impl->q_vecs_out[out], CEED_MEM_DEVICE, NULL));
554     }
555   }
556 
557   // Restore input arrays
558   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorRestoreInputs_Hip(num_input_fields, qf_input_fields, op_input_fields, true, e_data, impl));
559 
560   // Restore output
561   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorRestoreArray(*assembled, &assembled_array));
562   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
563 }
564 
565 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
566 // Assemble Linear QFunction
567 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
568 static int CeedOperatorLinearAssembleQFunction_Hip(CeedOperator op, CeedVector *assembled, CeedElemRestriction *rstr, CeedRequest *request) {
569   return CeedOperatorLinearAssembleQFunctionCore_Hip(op, true, assembled, rstr, request);
570 }
571 
572 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
573 // Update Assembled Linear QFunction
574 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
575 static int CeedOperatorLinearAssembleQFunctionUpdate_Hip(CeedOperator op, CeedVector assembled, CeedElemRestriction rstr, CeedRequest *request) {
576   return CeedOperatorLinearAssembleQFunctionCore_Hip(op, false, &assembled, &rstr, request);
577 }
578 
579 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
580 // Assemble Diagonal Setup
581 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
582 static inline int CeedOperatorAssembleDiagonalSetup_Hip(CeedOperator op, CeedInt use_ceedsize_idx) {
583   Ceed                ceed;
584   char               *diagonal_kernel_path, *diagonal_kernel_source;
585   CeedInt             num_input_fields, num_output_fields, num_eval_modes_in = 0, num_eval_modes_out = 0;
586   CeedInt             num_comp, q_comp, num_nodes, num_qpts;
587   CeedEvalMode       *eval_modes_in = NULL, *eval_modes_out = NULL;
588   CeedBasis           basis_in = NULL, basis_out = NULL;
589   CeedQFunctionField *qf_fields;
590   CeedQFunction       qf;
591   CeedOperatorField  *op_fields;
592   CeedOperator_Hip   *impl;
593 
594   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetCeed(op, &ceed));
595   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetQFunction(op, &qf));
596   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionGetNumArgs(qf, &num_input_fields, &num_output_fields));
597 
598   // Determine active input basis
599   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetFields(op, NULL, &op_fields, NULL, NULL));
600   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionGetFields(qf, NULL, &qf_fields, NULL, NULL));
601   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_input_fields; i++) {
602     CeedVector vec;
603 
604     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_fields[i], &vec));
605     if (vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) {
606       CeedBasis    basis;
607       CeedEvalMode eval_mode;
608 
609       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(op_fields[i], &basis));
610       CeedCheck(!basis_in || basis_in == basis, ceed, CEED_ERROR_BACKEND,
611                 "Backend does not implement operator diagonal assembly with multiple active bases");
612       basis_in = basis;
613       CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_fields[i], &eval_mode));
614       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadratureComponents(basis_in, eval_mode, &q_comp));
615       if (eval_mode != CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT) {
616         // q_comp = 1 if CEED_EVAL_NONE, CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT caught by QF assembly
617         CeedCallBackend(CeedRealloc(num_eval_modes_in + q_comp, &eval_modes_in));
618         for (CeedInt d = 0; d < q_comp; d++) eval_modes_in[num_eval_modes_in + d] = eval_mode;
619         num_eval_modes_in += q_comp;
620       }
621     }
622   }
623 
624   // Determine active output basis
625   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetFields(op, NULL, NULL, NULL, &op_fields));
626   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionGetFields(qf, NULL, NULL, NULL, &qf_fields));
627   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_output_fields; i++) {
628     CeedVector vec;
629 
630     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(op_fields[i], &vec));
631     if (vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) {
632       CeedBasis    basis;
633       CeedEvalMode eval_mode;
634 
635       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(op_fields[i], &basis));
636       CeedCheck(!basis_out || basis_out == basis, ceed, CEED_ERROR_BACKEND,
637                 "Backend does not implement operator diagonal assembly with multiple active bases");
638       basis_out = basis;
639       CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_fields[i], &eval_mode));
640       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadratureComponents(basis_out, eval_mode, &q_comp));
641       if (eval_mode != CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT) {
642         // q_comp = 1 if CEED_EVAL_NONE, CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT caught by QF assembly
643         CeedCallBackend(CeedRealloc(num_eval_modes_out + q_comp, &eval_modes_out));
644         for (CeedInt d = 0; d < q_comp; d++) eval_modes_out[num_eval_modes_out + d] = eval_mode;
645         num_eval_modes_out += q_comp;
646       }
647     }
648   }
649 
650   // Operator data struct
651   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetData(op, &impl));
652   CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(1, &impl->diag));
653   CeedOperatorDiag_Hip *diag = impl->diag;
654 
655   // Assemble kernel
656   CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumNodes(basis_in, &num_nodes));
657   CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumComponents(basis_in, &num_comp));
658   if (basis_in == CEED_BASIS_NONE) num_qpts = num_nodes;
659   else CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadraturePoints(basis_in, &num_qpts));
660   CeedCallBackend(CeedGetJitAbsolutePath(ceed, "ceed/jit-source/hip/hip-ref-operator-assemble-diagonal.h", &diagonal_kernel_path));
661   CeedDebug256(ceed, CEED_DEBUG_COLOR_SUCCESS, "----- Loading Diagonal Assembly Kernel Source -----\n");
662   CeedCallBackend(CeedLoadSourceToBuffer(ceed, diagonal_kernel_path, &diagonal_kernel_source));
663   CeedDebug256(ceed, CEED_DEBUG_COLOR_SUCCESS, "----- Loading Diagonal Assembly Source Complete! -----\n");
664   CeedCallHip(ceed,
665               CeedCompile_Hip(ceed, diagonal_kernel_source, &diag->module, 6, "NUM_EVAL_MODES_IN", num_eval_modes_in, "NUM_EVAL_MODES_OUT",
666                               num_eval_modes_out, "NUM_COMP", num_comp, "NUM_NODES", num_nodes, "NUM_QPTS", num_qpts, "CEED_SIZE", use_ceedsize_idx));
667   CeedCallHip(ceed, CeedGetKernel_Hip(ceed, diag->module, "LinearDiagonal", &diag->LinearDiagonal));
668   CeedCallHip(ceed, CeedGetKernel_Hip(ceed, diag->module, "LinearPointBlockDiagonal", &diag->LinearPointBlock));
669   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&diagonal_kernel_path));
670   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&diagonal_kernel_source));
671 
672   // Basis matrices
673   const CeedInt interp_bytes     = num_nodes * num_qpts * sizeof(CeedScalar);
674   const CeedInt eval_modes_bytes = sizeof(CeedEvalMode);
675   bool          has_eval_none    = false;
676 
677   // CEED_EVAL_NONE
678   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_eval_modes_in; i++) has_eval_none = has_eval_none || (eval_modes_in[i] == CEED_EVAL_NONE);
679   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_eval_modes_out; i++) has_eval_none = has_eval_none || (eval_modes_out[i] == CEED_EVAL_NONE);
680   if (has_eval_none) {
681     CeedScalar *identity = NULL;
682 
683     CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(num_nodes * num_qpts, &identity));
684     for (CeedInt i = 0; i < (num_nodes < num_qpts ? num_nodes : num_qpts); i++) identity[i * num_nodes + i] = 1.0;
685     CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMalloc((void **)&diag->d_identity, interp_bytes));
686     CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMemcpy(diag->d_identity, identity, interp_bytes, hipMemcpyHostToDevice));
687     CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&identity));
688   }
689 
690   // CEED_EVAL_INTERP, CEED_EVAL_GRAD, CEED_EVAL_DIV, and CEED_EVAL_CURL
691   for (CeedInt in = 0; in < 2; in++) {
692     CeedFESpace fespace;
693     CeedBasis   basis = in ? basis_in : basis_out;
694 
695     CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetFESpace(basis, &fespace));
696     switch (fespace) {
697       case CEED_FE_SPACE_H1: {
698         CeedInt           q_comp_interp, q_comp_grad;
699         const CeedScalar *interp, *grad;
700         CeedScalar       *d_interp, *d_grad;
701 
702         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadratureComponents(basis, CEED_EVAL_INTERP, &q_comp_interp));
703         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadratureComponents(basis, CEED_EVAL_GRAD, &q_comp_grad));
704 
705         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetInterp(basis, &interp));
706         CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMalloc((void **)&d_interp, interp_bytes * q_comp_interp));
707         CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMemcpy(d_interp, interp, interp_bytes * q_comp_interp, hipMemcpyHostToDevice));
708         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetGrad(basis, &grad));
709         CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMalloc((void **)&d_grad, interp_bytes * q_comp_grad));
710         CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMemcpy(d_grad, grad, interp_bytes * q_comp_grad, hipMemcpyHostToDevice));
711         if (in) {
712           diag->d_interp_in = d_interp;
713           diag->d_grad_in   = d_grad;
714         } else {
715           diag->d_interp_out = d_interp;
716           diag->d_grad_out   = d_grad;
717         }
718       } break;
719       case CEED_FE_SPACE_HDIV: {
720         CeedInt           q_comp_interp, q_comp_div;
721         const CeedScalar *interp, *div;
722         CeedScalar       *d_interp, *d_div;
723 
724         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadratureComponents(basis, CEED_EVAL_INTERP, &q_comp_interp));
725         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadratureComponents(basis, CEED_EVAL_DIV, &q_comp_div));
726 
727         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetInterp(basis, &interp));
728         CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMalloc((void **)&d_interp, interp_bytes * q_comp_interp));
729         CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMemcpy(d_interp, interp, interp_bytes * q_comp_interp, hipMemcpyHostToDevice));
730         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetDiv(basis, &div));
731         CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMalloc((void **)&d_div, interp_bytes * q_comp_div));
732         CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMemcpy(d_div, div, interp_bytes * q_comp_div, hipMemcpyHostToDevice));
733         if (in) {
734           diag->d_interp_in = d_interp;
735           diag->d_div_in    = d_div;
736         } else {
737           diag->d_interp_out = d_interp;
738           diag->d_div_out    = d_div;
739         }
740       } break;
741       case CEED_FE_SPACE_HCURL: {
742         CeedInt           q_comp_interp, q_comp_curl;
743         const CeedScalar *interp, *curl;
744         CeedScalar       *d_interp, *d_curl;
745 
746         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadratureComponents(basis, CEED_EVAL_INTERP, &q_comp_interp));
747         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadratureComponents(basis, CEED_EVAL_CURL, &q_comp_curl));
748 
749         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetInterp(basis, &interp));
750         CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMalloc((void **)&d_interp, interp_bytes * q_comp_interp));
751         CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMemcpy(d_interp, interp, interp_bytes * q_comp_interp, hipMemcpyHostToDevice));
752         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetCurl(basis, &curl));
753         CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMalloc((void **)&d_curl, interp_bytes * q_comp_curl));
754         CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMemcpy(d_curl, curl, interp_bytes * q_comp_curl, hipMemcpyHostToDevice));
755         if (in) {
756           diag->d_interp_in = d_interp;
757           diag->d_curl_in   = d_curl;
758         } else {
759           diag->d_interp_out = d_interp;
760           diag->d_curl_out   = d_curl;
761         }
762       } break;
763     }
764   }
765 
766   // Arrays of eval_modes
767   CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMalloc((void **)&diag->d_eval_modes_in, num_eval_modes_in * eval_modes_bytes));
768   CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMemcpy(diag->d_eval_modes_in, eval_modes_in, num_eval_modes_in * eval_modes_bytes, hipMemcpyHostToDevice));
769   CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMalloc((void **)&diag->d_eval_modes_out, num_eval_modes_out * eval_modes_bytes));
770   CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMemcpy(diag->d_eval_modes_out, eval_modes_out, num_eval_modes_out * eval_modes_bytes, hipMemcpyHostToDevice));
771   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&eval_modes_in));
772   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&eval_modes_out));
773   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
774 }
775 
776 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
777 // Assemble Diagonal Core
778 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
779 static inline int CeedOperatorAssembleDiagonalCore_Hip(CeedOperator op, CeedVector assembled, CeedRequest *request, const bool is_point_block) {
780   Ceed                ceed;
781   CeedSize            assembled_length, assembled_qf_length;
782   CeedInt             use_ceedsize_idx = 0, num_elem, num_nodes;
783   CeedScalar         *elem_diag_array;
784   const CeedScalar   *assembled_qf_array;
785   CeedVector          assembled_qf   = NULL, elem_diag;
786   CeedElemRestriction assembled_rstr = NULL, rstr_in, rstr_out, diag_rstr;
787   CeedOperator_Hip   *impl;
788 
789   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetCeed(op, &ceed));
790   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetData(op, &impl));
791 
792   // Assemble QFunction
793   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorLinearAssembleQFunctionBuildOrUpdate(op, &assembled_qf, &assembled_rstr, request));
794   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&assembled_rstr));
795   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetArrayRead(assembled_qf, CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &assembled_qf_array));
796 
797   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetLength(assembled, &assembled_length));
798   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetLength(assembled_qf, &assembled_qf_length));
799   if ((assembled_length > INT_MAX) || (assembled_qf_length > INT_MAX)) use_ceedsize_idx = 1;
800 
801   // Setup
802   if (!impl->diag) CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorAssembleDiagonalSetup_Hip(op, use_ceedsize_idx));
803   CeedOperatorDiag_Hip *diag = impl->diag;
804 
805   assert(diag != NULL);
806 
807   // Restriction and diagonal vector
808   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetActiveElemRestrictions(op, &rstr_in, &rstr_out));
809   CeedCheck(rstr_in == rstr_out, ceed, CEED_ERROR_BACKEND,
810             "Cannot assemble operator diagonal with different input and output active element restrictions");
811   if (!is_point_block && !diag->diag_rstr) {
812     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionCreateUnsignedCopy(rstr_out, &diag->diag_rstr));
813     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionCreateVector(diag->diag_rstr, NULL, &diag->elem_diag));
814   } else if (is_point_block && !diag->point_block_diag_rstr) {
815     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorCreateActivePointBlockRestriction(rstr_out, &diag->point_block_diag_rstr));
816     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionCreateVector(diag->point_block_diag_rstr, NULL, &diag->point_block_elem_diag));
817   }
818   diag_rstr = is_point_block ? diag->point_block_diag_rstr : diag->diag_rstr;
819   elem_diag = is_point_block ? diag->point_block_elem_diag : diag->elem_diag;
820   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorSetValue(elem_diag, 0.0));
821 
822   // Only assemble diagonal if the basis has nodes, otherwise inputs are null pointers
823   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetElementSize(diag_rstr, &num_nodes));
824   if (num_nodes > 0) {
825     // Assemble element operator diagonals
826     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetArray(elem_diag, CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &elem_diag_array));
827     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetNumElements(diag_rstr, &num_elem));
828 
829     // Compute the diagonal of B^T D B
830     CeedInt elems_per_block = 1;
831     CeedInt grid            = CeedDivUpInt(num_elem, elems_per_block);
832     void   *args[]          = {(void *)&num_elem,      &diag->d_identity,       &diag->d_interp_in,  &diag->d_grad_in, &diag->d_div_in,
833                                &diag->d_curl_in,       &diag->d_interp_out,     &diag->d_grad_out,   &diag->d_div_out, &diag->d_curl_out,
834                                &diag->d_eval_modes_in, &diag->d_eval_modes_out, &assembled_qf_array, &elem_diag_array};
835 
836     if (is_point_block) {
837       CeedCallBackend(CeedRunKernelDim_Hip(ceed, diag->LinearPointBlock, grid, num_nodes, 1, elems_per_block, args));
838     } else {
839       CeedCallBackend(CeedRunKernelDim_Hip(ceed, diag->LinearDiagonal, grid, num_nodes, 1, elems_per_block, args));
840     }
841 
842     // Restore arrays
843     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorRestoreArray(elem_diag, &elem_diag_array));
844     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorRestoreArrayRead(assembled_qf, &assembled_qf_array));
845   }
846 
847   // Assemble local operator diagonal
848   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionApply(diag_rstr, CEED_TRANSPOSE, elem_diag, assembled, request));
849 
850   // Cleanup
851   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&assembled_qf));
852   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
853 }
854 
855 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
856 // Assemble Linear Diagonal
857 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
858 static int CeedOperatorLinearAssembleAddDiagonal_Hip(CeedOperator op, CeedVector assembled, CeedRequest *request) {
859   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorAssembleDiagonalCore_Hip(op, assembled, request, false));
860   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
861 }
862 
863 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
864 // Assemble Linear Point Block Diagonal
865 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
866 static int CeedOperatorLinearAssembleAddPointBlockDiagonal_Hip(CeedOperator op, CeedVector assembled, CeedRequest *request) {
867   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorAssembleDiagonalCore_Hip(op, assembled, request, true));
868   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
869 }
870 
871 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
872 // Single Operator Assembly Setup
873 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
874 static int CeedSingleOperatorAssembleSetup_Hip(CeedOperator op, CeedInt use_ceedsize_idx) {
875   Ceed                ceed;
876   char               *assembly_kernel_path, *assembly_kernel_source;
877   CeedInt             num_input_fields, num_output_fields, num_eval_modes_in = 0, num_eval_modes_out = 0;
878   CeedInt             elem_size_in, num_qpts_in, num_comp_in, elem_size_out, num_qpts_out, num_comp_out, q_comp;
879   CeedEvalMode       *eval_modes_in = NULL, *eval_modes_out = NULL;
880   CeedElemRestriction rstr_in = NULL, rstr_out = NULL;
881   CeedBasis           basis_in = NULL, basis_out = NULL;
882   CeedQFunctionField *qf_fields;
883   CeedQFunction       qf;
884   CeedOperatorField  *input_fields, *output_fields;
885   CeedOperator_Hip   *impl;
886 
887   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetCeed(op, &ceed));
888   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetData(op, &impl));
889 
890   // Get intput and output fields
891   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetFields(op, &num_input_fields, &input_fields, &num_output_fields, &output_fields));
892 
893   // Determine active input basis eval mode
894   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetQFunction(op, &qf));
895   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionGetFields(qf, NULL, &qf_fields, NULL, NULL));
896   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_input_fields; i++) {
897     CeedVector vec;
898 
899     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(input_fields[i], &vec));
900     if (vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) {
901       CeedBasis    basis;
902       CeedEvalMode eval_mode;
903 
904       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(input_fields[i], &basis));
905       CeedCheck(!basis_in || basis_in == basis, ceed, CEED_ERROR_BACKEND, "Backend does not implement operator assembly with multiple active bases");
906       basis_in = basis;
907       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(input_fields[i], &rstr_in));
908       CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetElementSize(rstr_in, &elem_size_in));
909       if (basis_in == CEED_BASIS_NONE) num_qpts_in = elem_size_in;
910       else CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadraturePoints(basis_in, &num_qpts_in));
911       CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_fields[i], &eval_mode));
912       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadratureComponents(basis_in, eval_mode, &q_comp));
913       if (eval_mode != CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT) {
914         // q_comp = 1 if CEED_EVAL_NONE, CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT caught by QF Assembly
915         CeedCallBackend(CeedRealloc(num_eval_modes_in + q_comp, &eval_modes_in));
916         for (CeedInt d = 0; d < q_comp; d++) {
917           eval_modes_in[num_eval_modes_in + d] = eval_mode;
918         }
919         num_eval_modes_in += q_comp;
920       }
921     }
922   }
923 
924   // Determine active output basis; basis_out and rstr_out only used if same as input, TODO
925   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionGetFields(qf, NULL, NULL, NULL, &qf_fields));
926   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_output_fields; i++) {
927     CeedVector vec;
928 
929     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(output_fields[i], &vec));
930     if (vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) {
931       CeedBasis    basis;
932       CeedEvalMode eval_mode;
933 
934       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(output_fields[i], &basis));
935       CeedCheck(!basis_out || basis_out == basis, ceed, CEED_ERROR_BACKEND,
936                 "Backend does not implement operator assembly with multiple active bases");
937       basis_out = basis;
938       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(output_fields[i], &rstr_out));
939       CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetElementSize(rstr_out, &elem_size_out));
940       if (basis_out == CEED_BASIS_NONE) num_qpts_out = elem_size_out;
941       else CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadraturePoints(basis_out, &num_qpts_out));
942       CeedCheck(num_qpts_in == num_qpts_out, ceed, CEED_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED,
943                 "Active input and output bases must have the same number of quadrature points");
944       CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_fields[i], &eval_mode));
945       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadratureComponents(basis_out, eval_mode, &q_comp));
946       if (eval_mode != CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT) {
947         // q_comp = 1 if CEED_EVAL_NONE, CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT caught by QF Assembly
948         CeedCallBackend(CeedRealloc(num_eval_modes_out + q_comp, &eval_modes_out));
949         for (CeedInt d = 0; d < q_comp; d++) {
950           eval_modes_out[num_eval_modes_out + d] = eval_mode;
951         }
952         num_eval_modes_out += q_comp;
953       }
954     }
955   }
956   CeedCheck(num_eval_modes_in > 0 && num_eval_modes_out > 0, ceed, CEED_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED, "Cannot assemble operator without inputs/outputs");
957 
958   CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(1, &impl->asmb));
959   CeedOperatorAssemble_Hip *asmb = impl->asmb;
960   asmb->elems_per_block          = 1;
961   asmb->block_size_x             = elem_size_in;
962   asmb->block_size_y             = elem_size_out;
963 
964   bool fallback = asmb->block_size_x * asmb->block_size_y * asmb->elems_per_block > 1024;
965 
966   if (fallback) {
967     // Use fallback kernel with 1D threadblock
968     asmb->block_size_y = 1;
969   }
970 
971   // Compile kernels
972   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetNumComponents(rstr_in, &num_comp_in));
973   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetNumComponents(rstr_out, &num_comp_out));
974   CeedCallBackend(CeedGetJitAbsolutePath(ceed, "ceed/jit-source/hip/hip-ref-operator-assemble.h", &assembly_kernel_path));
975   CeedDebug256(ceed, CEED_DEBUG_COLOR_SUCCESS, "----- Loading Assembly Kernel Source -----\n");
976   CeedCallBackend(CeedLoadSourceToBuffer(ceed, assembly_kernel_path, &assembly_kernel_source));
977   CeedDebug256(ceed, CEED_DEBUG_COLOR_SUCCESS, "----- Loading Assembly Source Complete! -----\n");
978   CeedCallBackend(CeedCompile_Hip(ceed, assembly_kernel_source, &asmb->module, 10, "NUM_EVAL_MODES_IN", num_eval_modes_in, "NUM_EVAL_MODES_OUT",
979                                   num_eval_modes_out, "NUM_COMP_IN", num_comp_in, "NUM_COMP_OUT", num_comp_out, "NUM_NODES_IN", elem_size_in,
980                                   "NUM_NODES_OUT", elem_size_out, "NUM_QPTS", num_qpts_in, "BLOCK_SIZE",
981                                   asmb->block_size_x * asmb->block_size_y * asmb->elems_per_block, "BLOCK_SIZE_Y", asmb->block_size_y, "CEED_SIZE",
982                                   use_ceedsize_idx));
983   CeedCallBackend(CeedGetKernel_Hip(ceed, asmb->module, "LinearAssemble", &asmb->LinearAssemble));
984   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&assembly_kernel_path));
985   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&assembly_kernel_source));
986 
987   // Load into B_in, in order that they will be used in eval_modes_in
988   {
989     const CeedInt in_bytes           = elem_size_in * num_qpts_in * num_eval_modes_in * sizeof(CeedScalar);
990     CeedInt       d_in               = 0;
991     CeedEvalMode  eval_modes_in_prev = CEED_EVAL_NONE;
992     bool          has_eval_none      = false;
993     CeedScalar   *identity           = NULL;
994 
995     for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_eval_modes_in; i++) {
996       has_eval_none = has_eval_none || (eval_modes_in[i] == CEED_EVAL_NONE);
997     }
998     if (has_eval_none) {
999       CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(elem_size_in * num_qpts_in, &identity));
1000       for (CeedInt i = 0; i < (elem_size_in < num_qpts_in ? elem_size_in : num_qpts_in); i++) identity[i * elem_size_in + i] = 1.0;
1001     }
1002 
1003     CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMalloc((void **)&asmb->d_B_in, in_bytes));
1004     for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_eval_modes_in; i++) {
1005       const CeedScalar *h_B_in;
1006 
1007       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetBasisPointer(basis_in, eval_modes_in[i], identity, &h_B_in));
1008       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadratureComponents(basis_in, eval_modes_in[i], &q_comp));
1009       if (q_comp > 1) {
1010         if (i == 0 || eval_modes_in[i] != eval_modes_in_prev) d_in = 0;
1011         else h_B_in = &h_B_in[(++d_in) * elem_size_in * num_qpts_in];
1012       }
1013       eval_modes_in_prev = eval_modes_in[i];
1014 
1015       CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMemcpy(&asmb->d_B_in[i * elem_size_in * num_qpts_in], h_B_in, elem_size_in * num_qpts_in * sizeof(CeedScalar),
1016                                   hipMemcpyHostToDevice));
1017     }
1018 
1019     if (identity) {
1020       CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&identity));
1021     }
1022   }
1023 
1024   // Load into B_out, in order that they will be used in eval_modes_out
1025   {
1026     const CeedInt out_bytes           = elem_size_out * num_qpts_out * num_eval_modes_out * sizeof(CeedScalar);
1027     CeedInt       d_out               = 0;
1028     CeedEvalMode  eval_modes_out_prev = CEED_EVAL_NONE;
1029     bool          has_eval_none       = false;
1030     CeedScalar   *identity            = NULL;
1031 
1032     for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_eval_modes_out; i++) {
1033       has_eval_none = has_eval_none || (eval_modes_out[i] == CEED_EVAL_NONE);
1034     }
1035     if (has_eval_none) {
1036       CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(elem_size_out * num_qpts_out, &identity));
1037       for (CeedInt i = 0; i < (elem_size_out < num_qpts_out ? elem_size_out : num_qpts_out); i++) identity[i * elem_size_out + i] = 1.0;
1038     }
1039 
1040     CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMalloc((void **)&asmb->d_B_out, out_bytes));
1041     for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_eval_modes_out; i++) {
1042       const CeedScalar *h_B_out;
1043 
1044       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetBasisPointer(basis_out, eval_modes_out[i], identity, &h_B_out));
1045       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadratureComponents(basis_out, eval_modes_out[i], &q_comp));
1046       if (q_comp > 1) {
1047         if (i == 0 || eval_modes_out[i] != eval_modes_out_prev) d_out = 0;
1048         else h_B_out = &h_B_out[(++d_out) * elem_size_out * num_qpts_out];
1049       }
1050       eval_modes_out_prev = eval_modes_out[i];
1051 
1052       CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMemcpy(&asmb->d_B_out[i * elem_size_out * num_qpts_out], h_B_out, elem_size_out * num_qpts_out * sizeof(CeedScalar),
1053                                   hipMemcpyHostToDevice));
1054     }
1055 
1056     if (identity) {
1057       CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&identity));
1058     }
1059   }
1060   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
1061 }
1062 
1063 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1064 // Assemble matrix data for COO matrix of assembled operator.
1065 // The sparsity pattern is set by CeedOperatorLinearAssembleSymbolic.
1066 //
1067 // Note that this (and other assembly routines) currently assume only one active input restriction/basis per operator (could have multiple basis eval
1068 // modes).
1069 // TODO: allow multiple active input restrictions/basis objects
1070 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1071 static int CeedSingleOperatorAssemble_Hip(CeedOperator op, CeedInt offset, CeedVector values) {
1072   Ceed                ceed;
1073   CeedSize            values_length = 0, assembled_qf_length = 0;
1074   CeedInt             use_ceedsize_idx = 0, num_elem_in, num_elem_out, elem_size_in, elem_size_out;
1075   CeedScalar         *values_array;
1076   const CeedScalar   *assembled_qf_array;
1077   CeedVector          assembled_qf   = NULL;
1078   CeedElemRestriction assembled_rstr = NULL, rstr_in, rstr_out;
1079   CeedRestrictionType rstr_type_in, rstr_type_out;
1080   const bool         *orients_in = NULL, *orients_out = NULL;
1081   const CeedInt8     *curl_orients_in = NULL, *curl_orients_out = NULL;
1082   CeedOperator_Hip   *impl;
1083 
1084   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetCeed(op, &ceed));
1085   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetData(op, &impl));
1086 
1087   // Assemble QFunction
1088   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorLinearAssembleQFunctionBuildOrUpdate(op, &assembled_qf, &assembled_rstr, CEED_REQUEST_IMMEDIATE));
1089   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&assembled_rstr));
1090   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetArrayRead(assembled_qf, CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &assembled_qf_array));
1091 
1092   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetLength(values, &values_length));
1093   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetLength(assembled_qf, &assembled_qf_length));
1094   if ((values_length > INT_MAX) || (assembled_qf_length > INT_MAX)) use_ceedsize_idx = 1;
1095 
1096   // Setup
1097   if (!impl->asmb) CeedCallBackend(CeedSingleOperatorAssembleSetup_Hip(op, use_ceedsize_idx));
1098   CeedOperatorAssemble_Hip *asmb = impl->asmb;
1099 
1100   assert(asmb != NULL);
1101 
1102   // Assemble element operator
1103   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetArray(values, CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &values_array));
1104   values_array += offset;
1105 
1106   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetActiveElemRestrictions(op, &rstr_in, &rstr_out));
1107   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetNumElements(rstr_in, &num_elem_in));
1108   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetElementSize(rstr_in, &elem_size_in));
1109 
1110   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetType(rstr_in, &rstr_type_in));
1111   if (rstr_type_in == CEED_RESTRICTION_ORIENTED) {
1112     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetOrientations(rstr_in, CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &orients_in));
1113   } else if (rstr_type_in == CEED_RESTRICTION_CURL_ORIENTED) {
1114     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetCurlOrientations(rstr_in, CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &curl_orients_in));
1115   }
1116 
1117   if (rstr_in != rstr_out) {
1118     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetNumElements(rstr_out, &num_elem_out));
1119     CeedCheck(num_elem_in == num_elem_out, ceed, CEED_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED,
1120               "Active input and output operator restrictions must have the same number of elements");
1121     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetElementSize(rstr_out, &elem_size_out));
1122 
1123     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetType(rstr_out, &rstr_type_out));
1124     if (rstr_type_out == CEED_RESTRICTION_ORIENTED) {
1125       CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetOrientations(rstr_out, CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &orients_out));
1126     } else if (rstr_type_out == CEED_RESTRICTION_CURL_ORIENTED) {
1127       CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetCurlOrientations(rstr_out, CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &curl_orients_out));
1128     }
1129   } else {
1130     elem_size_out    = elem_size_in;
1131     orients_out      = orients_in;
1132     curl_orients_out = curl_orients_in;
1133   }
1134 
1135   // Compute B^T D B
1136   CeedInt shared_mem =
1137       ((curl_orients_in || curl_orients_out ? elem_size_in * elem_size_out : 0) + (curl_orients_in ? elem_size_in * asmb->block_size_y : 0)) *
1138       sizeof(CeedScalar);
1139   CeedInt grid   = CeedDivUpInt(num_elem_in, asmb->elems_per_block);
1140   void   *args[] = {(void *)&num_elem_in, &asmb->d_B_in,     &asmb->d_B_out,      &orients_in,  &curl_orients_in,
1141                     &orients_out,         &curl_orients_out, &assembled_qf_array, &values_array};
1142 
1143   CeedCallBackend(
1144       CeedRunKernelDimShared_Hip(ceed, asmb->LinearAssemble, grid, asmb->block_size_x, asmb->block_size_y, asmb->elems_per_block, shared_mem, args));
1145 
1146   // Restore arrays
1147   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorRestoreArray(values, &values_array));
1148   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorRestoreArrayRead(assembled_qf, &assembled_qf_array));
1149 
1150   // Cleanup
1151   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&assembled_qf));
1152   if (rstr_type_in == CEED_RESTRICTION_ORIENTED) {
1153     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionRestoreOrientations(rstr_in, &orients_in));
1154   } else if (rstr_type_in == CEED_RESTRICTION_CURL_ORIENTED) {
1155     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionRestoreCurlOrientations(rstr_in, &curl_orients_in));
1156   }
1157   if (rstr_in != rstr_out) {
1158     if (rstr_type_out == CEED_RESTRICTION_ORIENTED) {
1159       CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionRestoreOrientations(rstr_out, &orients_out));
1160     } else if (rstr_type_out == CEED_RESTRICTION_CURL_ORIENTED) {
1161       CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionRestoreCurlOrientations(rstr_out, &curl_orients_out));
1162     }
1163   }
1164   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
1165 }
1166 
1167 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1168 // Create operator
1169 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1170 int CeedOperatorCreate_Hip(CeedOperator op) {
1171   Ceed              ceed;
1172   CeedOperator_Hip *impl;
1173 
1174   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetCeed(op, &ceed));
1175   CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(1, &impl));
1176   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorSetData(op, impl));
1177   CeedCallBackend(CeedSetBackendFunction(ceed, "Operator", op, "LinearAssembleQFunction", CeedOperatorLinearAssembleQFunction_Hip));
1178   CeedCallBackend(CeedSetBackendFunction(ceed, "Operator", op, "LinearAssembleQFunctionUpdate", CeedOperatorLinearAssembleQFunctionUpdate_Hip));
1179   CeedCallBackend(CeedSetBackendFunction(ceed, "Operator", op, "LinearAssembleAddDiagonal", CeedOperatorLinearAssembleAddDiagonal_Hip));
1180   CeedCallBackend(
1181       CeedSetBackendFunction(ceed, "Operator", op, "LinearAssembleAddPointBlockDiagonal", CeedOperatorLinearAssembleAddPointBlockDiagonal_Hip));
1182   CeedCallBackend(CeedSetBackendFunction(ceed, "Operator", op, "LinearAssembleSingle", CeedSingleOperatorAssemble_Hip));
1183   CeedCallBackend(CeedSetBackendFunction(ceed, "Operator", op, "ApplyAdd", CeedOperatorApplyAdd_Hip));
1184   CeedCallBackend(CeedSetBackendFunction(ceed, "Operator", op, "Destroy", CeedOperatorDestroy_Hip));
1185   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
1186 }
1187 
1188 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1189