xref: /libCEED/backends/hip-ref/ceed-hip-ref-operator.c (revision d310b3d31eeeddd20725517a3a61881a36d919f0)
1 // Copyright (c) 2017-2022, Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC and other CEED contributors.
2 // All Rights Reserved. See the top-level LICENSE and NOTICE files for details.
3 //
4 // SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
5 //
6 // This file is part of CEED:  http://github.com/ceed
7 
8 #include <assert.h>
9 #include <ceed/backend.h>
10 #include <ceed/ceed.h>
11 #include <ceed/jit-tools.h>
12 #include <hip/hip_runtime.h>
13 #include <stdbool.h>
14 #include <string.h>
15 
16 #include "../hip/ceed-hip-compile.h"
17 #include "ceed-hip-ref.h"
18 
19 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
20 // Destroy operator
21 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
22 static int CeedOperatorDestroy_Hip(CeedOperator op) {
23   CeedOperator_Hip *impl;
24   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetData(op, &impl));
25 
26   // Apply data
27   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < impl->numein + impl->numeout; i++) {
28     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&impl->evecs[i]));
29   }
30   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&impl->evecs));
31 
32   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < impl->numein; i++) {
33     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&impl->qvecsin[i]));
34   }
35   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&impl->qvecsin));
36 
37   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < impl->numeout; i++) {
38     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&impl->qvecsout[i]));
39   }
40   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&impl->qvecsout));
41 
42   // QFunction diagonal assembly data
43   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < impl->qfnumactivein; i++) {
44     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&impl->qfactivein[i]));
45   }
46   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&impl->qfactivein));
47 
48   // Diag data
49   if (impl->diag) {
50     Ceed ceed;
51     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetCeed(op, &ceed));
52     CeedCallHip(ceed, hipModuleUnload(impl->diag->module));
53     CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&impl->diag->h_emodein));
54     CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&impl->diag->h_emodeout));
55     CeedCallHip(ceed, hipFree(impl->diag->d_emodein));
56     CeedCallHip(ceed, hipFree(impl->diag->d_emodeout));
57     CeedCallHip(ceed, hipFree(impl->diag->d_identity));
58     CeedCallHip(ceed, hipFree(impl->diag->d_interpin));
59     CeedCallHip(ceed, hipFree(impl->diag->d_interpout));
60     CeedCallHip(ceed, hipFree(impl->diag->d_gradin));
61     CeedCallHip(ceed, hipFree(impl->diag->d_gradout));
62     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&impl->diag->pbdiagrstr));
63     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&impl->diag->elemdiag));
64     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&impl->diag->pbelemdiag));
65   }
66   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&impl->diag));
67 
68   if (impl->asmb) {
69     Ceed ceed;
70     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetCeed(op, &ceed));
71     CeedCallHip(ceed, hipModuleUnload(impl->asmb->module));
72     CeedCallHip(ceed, hipFree(impl->asmb->d_B_in));
73     CeedCallHip(ceed, hipFree(impl->asmb->d_B_out));
74   }
75   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&impl->asmb));
76 
77   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&impl));
78   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
79 }
80 
81 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
82 // Setup infields or outfields
83 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
84 static int CeedOperatorSetupFields_Hip(CeedQFunction qf, CeedOperator op, bool isinput, CeedVector *evecs, CeedVector *qvecs, CeedInt starte,
85                                        CeedInt numfields, CeedInt Q, CeedInt numelements) {
86   CeedInt  dim, size;
87   CeedSize q_size;
88   Ceed     ceed;
89   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetCeed(op, &ceed));
90   CeedBasis           basis;
91   CeedElemRestriction Erestrict;
92   CeedOperatorField  *opfields;
93   CeedQFunctionField *qffields;
94   CeedVector          fieldvec;
95   bool                strided;
96   bool                skiprestrict;
97 
98   if (isinput) {
99     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetFields(op, NULL, &opfields, NULL, NULL));
100     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionGetFields(qf, NULL, &qffields, NULL, NULL));
101   } else {
102     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetFields(op, NULL, NULL, NULL, &opfields));
103     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionGetFields(qf, NULL, NULL, NULL, &qffields));
104   }
105 
106   // Loop over fields
107   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < numfields; i++) {
108     CeedEvalMode emode;
109     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qffields[i], &emode));
110 
111     strided      = false;
112     skiprestrict = false;
113     if (emode != CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT) {
114       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(opfields[i], &Erestrict));
115 
116       // Check whether this field can skip the element restriction:
117       // must be passive input, with emode NONE, and have a strided restriction with CEED_STRIDES_BACKEND.
118 
119       // First, check whether the field is input or output:
120       if (isinput) {
121         // Check for passive input:
122         CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(opfields[i], &fieldvec));
123         if (fieldvec != CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) {
124           // Check emode
125           if (emode == CEED_EVAL_NONE) {
126             // Check for strided restriction
127             CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionIsStrided(Erestrict, &strided));
128             if (strided) {
129               // Check if vector is already in preferred backend ordering
130               CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionHasBackendStrides(Erestrict, &skiprestrict));
131             }
132           }
133         }
134       }
135       if (skiprestrict) {
136         // We do not need an E-Vector, but will use the input field vector's data directly in the operator application.
137         evecs[i + starte] = NULL;
138       } else {
139         CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionCreateVector(Erestrict, NULL, &evecs[i + starte]));
140       }
141     }
142 
143     switch (emode) {
144       case CEED_EVAL_NONE:
145         CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetSize(qffields[i], &size));
146         q_size = (CeedSize)numelements * Q * size;
147         CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorCreate(ceed, q_size, &qvecs[i]));
148         break;
149       case CEED_EVAL_INTERP:
150         CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetSize(qffields[i], &size));
151         q_size = (CeedSize)numelements * Q * size;
152         CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorCreate(ceed, q_size, &qvecs[i]));
153         break;
154       case CEED_EVAL_GRAD:
155         CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(opfields[i], &basis));
156         CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetSize(qffields[i], &size));
157         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetDimension(basis, &dim));
158         q_size = (CeedSize)numelements * Q * size;
159         CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorCreate(ceed, q_size, &qvecs[i]));
160         break;
161       case CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT:  // Only on input fields
162         CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(opfields[i], &basis));
163         q_size = (CeedSize)numelements * Q;
164         CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorCreate(ceed, q_size, &qvecs[i]));
165         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisApply(basis, numelements, CEED_NOTRANSPOSE, CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT, NULL, qvecs[i]));
166         break;
167       case CEED_EVAL_DIV:
168         break;  // TODO: Not implemented
169       case CEED_EVAL_CURL:
170         break;  // TODO: Not implemented
171     }
172   }
173   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
174 }
175 
176 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
177 // CeedOperator needs to connect all the named fields (be they active or passive) to the named inputs and outputs of its CeedQFunction.
178 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
179 static int CeedOperatorSetup_Hip(CeedOperator op) {
180   bool setupdone;
181   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorIsSetupDone(op, &setupdone));
182   if (setupdone) return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
183   Ceed ceed;
184   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetCeed(op, &ceed));
185   CeedOperator_Hip *impl;
186   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetData(op, &impl));
187   CeedQFunction qf;
188   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetQFunction(op, &qf));
189   CeedInt Q, numelements, numinputfields, numoutputfields;
190   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetNumQuadraturePoints(op, &Q));
191   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetNumElements(op, &numelements));
192   CeedOperatorField *opinputfields, *opoutputfields;
193   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetFields(op, &numinputfields, &opinputfields, &numoutputfields, &opoutputfields));
194   CeedQFunctionField *qfinputfields, *qfoutputfields;
195   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionGetFields(qf, NULL, &qfinputfields, NULL, &qfoutputfields));
196 
197   // Allocate
198   CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(numinputfields + numoutputfields, &impl->evecs));
199 
200   CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(CEED_FIELD_MAX, &impl->qvecsin));
201   CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(CEED_FIELD_MAX, &impl->qvecsout));
202 
203   impl->numein  = numinputfields;
204   impl->numeout = numoutputfields;
205 
206   // Set up infield and outfield evecs and qvecs
207   // Infields
208   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorSetupFields_Hip(qf, op, true, impl->evecs, impl->qvecsin, 0, numinputfields, Q, numelements));
209 
210   // Outfields
211   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorSetupFields_Hip(qf, op, false, impl->evecs, impl->qvecsout, numinputfields, numoutputfields, Q, numelements));
212 
213   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorSetSetupDone(op));
214   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
215 }
216 
217 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
218 // Setup Operator Inputs
219 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
220 static inline int CeedOperatorSetupInputs_Hip(CeedInt numinputfields, CeedQFunctionField *qfinputfields, CeedOperatorField *opinputfields,
221                                               CeedVector invec, const bool skipactive, CeedScalar *edata[2 * CEED_FIELD_MAX], CeedOperator_Hip *impl,
222                                               CeedRequest *request) {
223   CeedEvalMode        emode;
224   CeedVector          vec;
225   CeedElemRestriction Erestrict;
226 
227   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < numinputfields; i++) {
228     // Get input vector
229     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(opinputfields[i], &vec));
230     if (vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) {
231       if (skipactive) continue;
232       else vec = invec;
233     }
234 
235     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qfinputfields[i], &emode));
236     if (emode == CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT) {  // Skip
237     } else {
238       // Get input vector
239       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(opinputfields[i], &vec));
240       // Get input element restriction
241       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(opinputfields[i], &Erestrict));
242       if (vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) vec = invec;
243       // Restrict, if necessary
244       if (!impl->evecs[i]) {
245         // No restriction for this field; read data directly from vec.
246         CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetArrayRead(vec, CEED_MEM_DEVICE, (const CeedScalar **)&edata[i]));
247       } else {
248         CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionApply(Erestrict, CEED_NOTRANSPOSE, vec, impl->evecs[i], request));
249         // Get evec
250         CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetArrayRead(impl->evecs[i], CEED_MEM_DEVICE, (const CeedScalar **)&edata[i]));
251       }
252     }
253   }
254   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
255 }
256 
257 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
258 // Input Basis Action
259 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
260 static inline int CeedOperatorInputBasis_Hip(CeedInt numelements, CeedQFunctionField *qfinputfields, CeedOperatorField *opinputfields,
261                                              CeedInt numinputfields, const bool skipactive, CeedScalar *edata[2 * CEED_FIELD_MAX],
262                                              CeedOperator_Hip *impl) {
263   CeedInt             elemsize, size;
264   CeedElemRestriction Erestrict;
265   CeedEvalMode        emode;
266   CeedBasis           basis;
267 
268   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < numinputfields; i++) {
269     // Skip active input
270     if (skipactive) {
271       CeedVector vec;
272       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(opinputfields[i], &vec));
273       if (vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) continue;
274     }
275     // Get elemsize, emode, size
276     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(opinputfields[i], &Erestrict));
277     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetElementSize(Erestrict, &elemsize));
278     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qfinputfields[i], &emode));
279     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetSize(qfinputfields[i], &size));
280     // Basis action
281     switch (emode) {
282       case CEED_EVAL_NONE:
283         CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorSetArray(impl->qvecsin[i], CEED_MEM_DEVICE, CEED_USE_POINTER, edata[i]));
284         break;
285       case CEED_EVAL_INTERP:
286         CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(opinputfields[i], &basis));
287         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisApply(basis, numelements, CEED_NOTRANSPOSE, CEED_EVAL_INTERP, impl->evecs[i], impl->qvecsin[i]));
288         break;
289       case CEED_EVAL_GRAD:
290         CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(opinputfields[i], &basis));
291         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisApply(basis, numelements, CEED_NOTRANSPOSE, CEED_EVAL_GRAD, impl->evecs[i], impl->qvecsin[i]));
292         break;
293       case CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT:
294         break;  // No action
295       case CEED_EVAL_DIV:
296         break;  // TODO: Not implemented
297       case CEED_EVAL_CURL:
298         break;  // TODO: Not implemented
299     }
300   }
301   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
302 }
303 
304 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
305 // Restore Input Vectors
306 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
307 static inline int CeedOperatorRestoreInputs_Hip(CeedInt numinputfields, CeedQFunctionField *qfinputfields, CeedOperatorField *opinputfields,
308                                                 const bool skipactive, CeedScalar *edata[2 * CEED_FIELD_MAX], CeedOperator_Hip *impl) {
309   CeedEvalMode emode;
310   CeedVector   vec;
311 
312   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < numinputfields; i++) {
313     // Skip active input
314     if (skipactive) {
315       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(opinputfields[i], &vec));
316       if (vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) continue;
317     }
318     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qfinputfields[i], &emode));
319     if (emode == CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT) {  // Skip
320     } else {
321       if (!impl->evecs[i]) {  // This was a skiprestrict case
322         CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(opinputfields[i], &vec));
323         CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorRestoreArrayRead(vec, (const CeedScalar **)&edata[i]));
324       } else {
325         CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorRestoreArrayRead(impl->evecs[i], (const CeedScalar **)&edata[i]));
326       }
327     }
328   }
329   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
330 }
331 
332 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
333 // Apply and add to output
334 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
335 static int CeedOperatorApplyAdd_Hip(CeedOperator op, CeedVector invec, CeedVector outvec, CeedRequest *request) {
336   CeedOperator_Hip *impl;
337   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetData(op, &impl));
338   CeedQFunction qf;
339   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetQFunction(op, &qf));
340   CeedInt Q, numelements, elemsize, numinputfields, numoutputfields, size;
341   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetNumQuadraturePoints(op, &Q));
342   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetNumElements(op, &numelements));
343   CeedOperatorField *opinputfields, *opoutputfields;
344   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetFields(op, &numinputfields, &opinputfields, &numoutputfields, &opoutputfields));
345   CeedQFunctionField *qfinputfields, *qfoutputfields;
346   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionGetFields(qf, NULL, &qfinputfields, NULL, &qfoutputfields));
347   CeedEvalMode        emode;
348   CeedVector          vec;
349   CeedBasis           basis;
350   CeedElemRestriction Erestrict;
351   CeedScalar         *edata[2 * CEED_FIELD_MAX];
352 
353   // Setup
354   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorSetup_Hip(op));
355 
356   // Input Evecs and Restriction
357   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorSetupInputs_Hip(numinputfields, qfinputfields, opinputfields, invec, false, edata, impl, request));
358 
359   // Input basis apply if needed
360   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorInputBasis_Hip(numelements, qfinputfields, opinputfields, numinputfields, false, edata, impl));
361 
362   // Output pointers, as necessary
363   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < numoutputfields; i++) {
364     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qfoutputfields[i], &emode));
365     if (emode == CEED_EVAL_NONE) {
366       // Set the output Q-Vector to use the E-Vector data directly.
367       CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetArrayWrite(impl->evecs[i + impl->numein], CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &edata[i + numinputfields]));
368       CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorSetArray(impl->qvecsout[i], CEED_MEM_DEVICE, CEED_USE_POINTER, edata[i + numinputfields]));
369     }
370   }
371 
372   // Q function
373   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionApply(qf, numelements * Q, impl->qvecsin, impl->qvecsout));
374 
375   // Output basis apply if needed
376   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < numoutputfields; i++) {
377     // Get elemsize, emode, size
378     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(opoutputfields[i], &Erestrict));
379     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetElementSize(Erestrict, &elemsize));
380     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qfoutputfields[i], &emode));
381     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetSize(qfoutputfields[i], &size));
382     // Basis action
383     switch (emode) {
384       case CEED_EVAL_NONE:
385         break;
386       case CEED_EVAL_INTERP:
387         CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(opoutputfields[i], &basis));
388         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisApply(basis, numelements, CEED_TRANSPOSE, CEED_EVAL_INTERP, impl->qvecsout[i], impl->evecs[i + impl->numein]));
389         break;
390       case CEED_EVAL_GRAD:
391         CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(opoutputfields[i], &basis));
392         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisApply(basis, numelements, CEED_TRANSPOSE, CEED_EVAL_GRAD, impl->qvecsout[i], impl->evecs[i + impl->numein]));
393         break;
394       // LCOV_EXCL_START
395       case CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT: {
396         Ceed ceed;
397         CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetCeed(op, &ceed));
398         return CeedError(ceed, CEED_ERROR_BACKEND, "CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT cannot be an output evaluation mode");
399         break;  // Should not occur
400       }
401       case CEED_EVAL_DIV:
402         break;  // TODO: Not implemented
403       case CEED_EVAL_CURL:
404         break;  // TODO: Not implemented
405                 // LCOV_EXCL_STOP
406     }
407   }
408 
409   // Output restriction
410   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < numoutputfields; i++) {
411     // Restore evec
412     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qfoutputfields[i], &emode));
413     if (emode == CEED_EVAL_NONE) {
414       CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorRestoreArray(impl->evecs[i + impl->numein], &edata[i + numinputfields]));
415     }
416     // Get output vector
417     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(opoutputfields[i], &vec));
418     // Restrict
419     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(opoutputfields[i], &Erestrict));
420     // Active
421     if (vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) vec = outvec;
422 
423     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionApply(Erestrict, CEED_TRANSPOSE, impl->evecs[i + impl->numein], vec, request));
424   }
425 
426   // Restore input arrays
427   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorRestoreInputs_Hip(numinputfields, qfinputfields, opinputfields, false, edata, impl));
428   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
429 }
430 
431 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
432 // Core code for assembling linear QFunction
433 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
434 static inline int CeedOperatorLinearAssembleQFunctionCore_Hip(CeedOperator op, bool build_objects, CeedVector *assembled, CeedElemRestriction *rstr,
435                                                               CeedRequest *request) {
436   CeedOperator_Hip *impl;
437   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetData(op, &impl));
438   CeedQFunction qf;
439   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetQFunction(op, &qf));
440   CeedInt  Q, numelements, numinputfields, numoutputfields, size;
441   CeedSize q_size;
442   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetNumQuadraturePoints(op, &Q));
443   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetNumElements(op, &numelements));
444   CeedOperatorField *opinputfields, *opoutputfields;
445   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetFields(op, &numinputfields, &opinputfields, &numoutputfields, &opoutputfields));
446   CeedQFunctionField *qfinputfields, *qfoutputfields;
447   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionGetFields(qf, NULL, &qfinputfields, NULL, &qfoutputfields));
448   CeedVector  vec;
449   CeedInt     numactivein = impl->qfnumactivein, numactiveout = impl->qfnumactiveout;
450   CeedVector *activein = impl->qfactivein;
451   CeedScalar *a, *tmp;
452   Ceed        ceed, ceedparent;
453   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetCeed(op, &ceed));
454   CeedCallBackend(CeedGetOperatorFallbackParentCeed(ceed, &ceedparent));
455   ceedparent = ceedparent ? ceedparent : ceed;
456   CeedScalar *edata[2 * CEED_FIELD_MAX];
457 
458   // Setup
459   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorSetup_Hip(op));
460 
461   // Check for identity
462   bool identityqf;
463   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionIsIdentity(qf, &identityqf));
464   if (identityqf) {
465     // LCOV_EXCL_START
466     return CeedError(ceed, CEED_ERROR_BACKEND, "Assembling identity QFunctions not supported");
467     // LCOV_EXCL_STOP
468   }
469 
470   // Input Evecs and Restriction
471   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorSetupInputs_Hip(numinputfields, qfinputfields, opinputfields, NULL, true, edata, impl, request));
472 
473   // Count number of active input fields
474   if (!numactivein) {
475     for (CeedInt i = 0; i < numinputfields; i++) {
476       // Get input vector
477       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(opinputfields[i], &vec));
478       // Check if active input
479       if (vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) {
480         CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetSize(qfinputfields[i], &size));
481         CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorSetValue(impl->qvecsin[i], 0.0));
482         CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetArray(impl->qvecsin[i], CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &tmp));
483         CeedCallBackend(CeedRealloc(numactivein + size, &activein));
484         for (CeedInt field = 0; field < size; field++) {
485           q_size = (CeedSize)Q * numelements;
486           CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorCreate(ceed, q_size, &activein[numactivein + field]));
487           CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorSetArray(activein[numactivein + field], CEED_MEM_DEVICE, CEED_USE_POINTER, &tmp[field * Q * numelements]));
488         }
489         numactivein += size;
490         CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorRestoreArray(impl->qvecsin[i], &tmp));
491       }
492     }
493     impl->qfnumactivein = numactivein;
494     impl->qfactivein    = activein;
495   }
496 
497   // Count number of active output fields
498   if (!numactiveout) {
499     for (CeedInt i = 0; i < numoutputfields; i++) {
500       // Get output vector
501       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(opoutputfields[i], &vec));
502       // Check if active output
503       if (vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) {
504         CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetSize(qfoutputfields[i], &size));
505         numactiveout += size;
506       }
507     }
508     impl->qfnumactiveout = numactiveout;
509   }
510 
511   // Check sizes
512   if (!numactivein || !numactiveout) {
513     // LCOV_EXCL_START
514     return CeedError(ceed, CEED_ERROR_BACKEND, "Cannot assemble QFunction without active inputs and outputs");
515     // LCOV_EXCL_STOP
516   }
517 
518   // Build objects if needed
519   if (build_objects) {
520     // Create output restriction
521     CeedInt strides[3] = {1, numelements * Q, Q}; /* *NOPAD* */
522     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionCreateStrided(ceedparent, numelements, Q, numactivein * numactiveout,
523                                                      numactivein * numactiveout * numelements * Q, strides, rstr));
524     // Create assembled vector
525     CeedSize l_size = (CeedSize)numelements * Q * numactivein * numactiveout;
526     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorCreate(ceedparent, l_size, assembled));
527   }
528   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorSetValue(*assembled, 0.0));
529   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetArray(*assembled, CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &a));
530 
531   // Input basis apply
532   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorInputBasis_Hip(numelements, qfinputfields, opinputfields, numinputfields, true, edata, impl));
533 
534   // Assemble QFunction
535   for (CeedInt in = 0; in < numactivein; in++) {
536     // Set Inputs
537     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorSetValue(activein[in], 1.0));
538     if (numactivein > 1) {
539       CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorSetValue(activein[(in + numactivein - 1) % numactivein], 0.0));
540     }
541     // Set Outputs
542     for (CeedInt out = 0; out < numoutputfields; out++) {
543       // Get output vector
544       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(opoutputfields[out], &vec));
545       // Check if active output
546       if (vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) {
547         CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorSetArray(impl->qvecsout[out], CEED_MEM_DEVICE, CEED_USE_POINTER, a));
548         CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetSize(qfoutputfields[out], &size));
549         a += size * Q * numelements;  // Advance the pointer by the size of the output
550       }
551     }
552     // Apply QFunction
553     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionApply(qf, Q * numelements, impl->qvecsin, impl->qvecsout));
554   }
555 
556   // Un-set output Qvecs to prevent accidental overwrite of Assembled
557   for (CeedInt out = 0; out < numoutputfields; out++) {
558     // Get output vector
559     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(opoutputfields[out], &vec));
560     // Check if active output
561     if (vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) {
562       CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorTakeArray(impl->qvecsout[out], CEED_MEM_DEVICE, NULL));
563     }
564   }
565 
566   // Restore input arrays
567   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorRestoreInputs_Hip(numinputfields, qfinputfields, opinputfields, true, edata, impl));
568 
569   // Restore output
570   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorRestoreArray(*assembled, &a));
571 
572   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
573 }
574 
575 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
576 // Assemble Linear QFunction
577 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
578 static int CeedOperatorLinearAssembleQFunction_Hip(CeedOperator op, CeedVector *assembled, CeedElemRestriction *rstr, CeedRequest *request) {
579   return CeedOperatorLinearAssembleQFunctionCore_Hip(op, true, assembled, rstr, request);
580 }
581 
582 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
583 // Assemble Linear QFunction
584 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
585 static int CeedOperatorLinearAssembleQFunctionUpdate_Hip(CeedOperator op, CeedVector assembled, CeedElemRestriction rstr, CeedRequest *request) {
586   return CeedOperatorLinearAssembleQFunctionCore_Hip(op, false, &assembled, &rstr, request);
587 }
588 
589 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
590 // Create point block restriction
591 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
592 static int CreatePBRestriction(CeedElemRestriction rstr, CeedElemRestriction *pbRstr) {
593   Ceed ceed;
594   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetCeed(rstr, &ceed));
595   const CeedInt *offsets;
596   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetOffsets(rstr, CEED_MEM_HOST, &offsets));
597 
598   // Expand offsets
599   CeedInt  nelem, ncomp, elemsize, compstride, *pbOffsets;
600   CeedSize l_size;
601   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetNumElements(rstr, &nelem));
602   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetNumComponents(rstr, &ncomp));
603   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetElementSize(rstr, &elemsize));
604   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetCompStride(rstr, &compstride));
605   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetLVectorSize(rstr, &l_size));
606   CeedInt shift = ncomp;
607   if (compstride != 1) shift *= ncomp;
608   CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(nelem * elemsize, &pbOffsets));
609   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < nelem * elemsize; i++) {
610     pbOffsets[i] = offsets[i] * shift;
611   }
612 
613   // Create new restriction
614   CeedCallBackend(
615       CeedElemRestrictionCreate(ceed, nelem, elemsize, ncomp * ncomp, 1, l_size * ncomp, CEED_MEM_HOST, CEED_OWN_POINTER, pbOffsets, pbRstr));
616 
617   // Cleanup
618   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionRestoreOffsets(rstr, &offsets));
619 
620   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
621 }
622 
623 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
624 // Assemble diagonal setup
625 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
626 static inline int CeedOperatorAssembleDiagonalSetup_Hip(CeedOperator op, const bool pointBlock) {
627   Ceed ceed;
628   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetCeed(op, &ceed));
629   CeedQFunction qf;
630   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetQFunction(op, &qf));
631   CeedInt numinputfields, numoutputfields;
632   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionGetNumArgs(qf, &numinputfields, &numoutputfields));
633 
634   // Determine active input basis
635   CeedOperatorField  *opfields;
636   CeedQFunctionField *qffields;
637   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetFields(op, NULL, &opfields, NULL, NULL));
638   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionGetFields(qf, NULL, &qffields, NULL, NULL));
639   CeedInt             numemodein = 0, ncomp = 0, dim = 1;
640   CeedEvalMode       *emodein = NULL;
641   CeedBasis           basisin = NULL;
642   CeedElemRestriction rstrin  = NULL;
643   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < numinputfields; i++) {
644     CeedVector vec;
645     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(opfields[i], &vec));
646     if (vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) {
647       CeedElemRestriction rstr;
648       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(opfields[i], &basisin));
649       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumComponents(basisin, &ncomp));
650       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetDimension(basisin, &dim));
651       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(opfields[i], &rstr));
652       if (rstrin && rstrin != rstr) {
653         // LCOV_EXCL_START
654         return CeedError(ceed, CEED_ERROR_BACKEND, "Backend does not implement multi-field non-composite operator diagonal assembly");
655         // LCOV_EXCL_STOP
656       }
657       rstrin = rstr;
658       CeedEvalMode emode;
659       CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qffields[i], &emode));
660       switch (emode) {
661         case CEED_EVAL_NONE:
662         case CEED_EVAL_INTERP:
663           CeedCallBackend(CeedRealloc(numemodein + 1, &emodein));
664           emodein[numemodein] = emode;
665           numemodein += 1;
666           break;
667         case CEED_EVAL_GRAD:
668           CeedCallBackend(CeedRealloc(numemodein + dim, &emodein));
669           for (CeedInt d = 0; d < dim; d++) emodein[numemodein + d] = emode;
670           numemodein += dim;
671           break;
672         case CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT:
673         case CEED_EVAL_DIV:
674         case CEED_EVAL_CURL:
675           break;  // Caught by QF Assembly
676       }
677     }
678   }
679 
680   // Determine active output basis
681   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetFields(op, NULL, NULL, NULL, &opfields));
682   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionGetFields(qf, NULL, NULL, NULL, &qffields));
683   CeedInt             numemodeout = 0;
684   CeedEvalMode       *emodeout    = NULL;
685   CeedBasis           basisout    = NULL;
686   CeedElemRestriction rstrout     = NULL;
687   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < numoutputfields; i++) {
688     CeedVector vec;
689     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(opfields[i], &vec));
690     if (vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) {
691       CeedElemRestriction rstr;
692       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(opfields[i], &basisout));
693       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(opfields[i], &rstr));
694       if (rstrout && rstrout != rstr) {
695         // LCOV_EXCL_START
696         return CeedError(ceed, CEED_ERROR_BACKEND, "Backend does not implement multi-field non-composite operator diagonal assembly");
697         // LCOV_EXCL_STOP
698       }
699       rstrout = rstr;
700       CeedEvalMode emode;
701       CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qffields[i], &emode));
702       switch (emode) {
703         case CEED_EVAL_NONE:
704         case CEED_EVAL_INTERP:
705           CeedCallBackend(CeedRealloc(numemodeout + 1, &emodeout));
706           emodeout[numemodeout] = emode;
707           numemodeout += 1;
708           break;
709         case CEED_EVAL_GRAD:
710           CeedCallBackend(CeedRealloc(numemodeout + dim, &emodeout));
711           for (CeedInt d = 0; d < dim; d++) emodeout[numemodeout + d] = emode;
712           numemodeout += dim;
713           break;
714         case CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT:
715         case CEED_EVAL_DIV:
716         case CEED_EVAL_CURL:
717           break;  // Caught by QF Assembly
718       }
719     }
720   }
721 
722   // Operator data struct
723   CeedOperator_Hip *impl;
724   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetData(op, &impl));
725   CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(1, &impl->diag));
726   CeedOperatorDiag_Hip *diag = impl->diag;
727   diag->basisin              = basisin;
728   diag->basisout             = basisout;
729   diag->h_emodein            = emodein;
730   diag->h_emodeout           = emodeout;
731   diag->numemodein           = numemodein;
732   diag->numemodeout          = numemodeout;
733 
734   // Assemble kernel
735 
736   char *diagonal_kernel_path, *diagonal_kernel_source;
737   CeedCallBackend(CeedGetJitAbsolutePath(ceed, "ceed/jit-source/hip/hip-ref-operator-assemble-diagonal.h", &diagonal_kernel_path));
738   CeedDebug256(ceed, 2, "----- Loading Diagonal Assembly Kernel Source -----\n");
739   CeedCallBackend(CeedLoadSourceToBuffer(ceed, diagonal_kernel_path, &diagonal_kernel_source));
740   CeedDebug256(ceed, 2, "----- Loading Diagonal Assembly Source Complete! -----\n");
741   CeedInt nnodes, nqpts;
742   CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumNodes(basisin, &nnodes));
743   CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadraturePoints(basisin, &nqpts));
744   diag->nnodes = nnodes;
745   CeedCallBackend(CeedCompileHip(ceed, diagonal_kernel_source, &diag->module, 5, "NUMEMODEIN", numemodein, "NUMEMODEOUT", numemodeout, "NNODES",
746                                  nnodes, "NQPTS", nqpts, "NCOMP", ncomp));
747   CeedCallBackend(CeedGetKernelHip(ceed, diag->module, "linearDiagonal", &diag->linearDiagonal));
748   CeedCallBackend(CeedGetKernelHip(ceed, diag->module, "linearPointBlockDiagonal", &diag->linearPointBlock));
749   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&diagonal_kernel_path));
750   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&diagonal_kernel_source));
751 
752   // Basis matrices
753   const CeedInt     qBytes = nqpts * sizeof(CeedScalar);
754   const CeedInt     iBytes = qBytes * nnodes;
755   const CeedInt     gBytes = qBytes * nnodes * dim;
756   const CeedInt     eBytes = sizeof(CeedEvalMode);
757   const CeedScalar *interpin, *interpout, *gradin, *gradout;
758 
759   // CEED_EVAL_NONE
760   CeedScalar *identity = NULL;
761   bool        evalNone = false;
762   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < numemodein; i++) evalNone = evalNone || (emodein[i] == CEED_EVAL_NONE);
763   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < numemodeout; i++) evalNone = evalNone || (emodeout[i] == CEED_EVAL_NONE);
764   if (evalNone) {
765     CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(nqpts * nnodes, &identity));
766     for (CeedInt i = 0; i < (nnodes < nqpts ? nnodes : nqpts); i++) identity[i * nnodes + i] = 1.0;
767     CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMalloc((void **)&diag->d_identity, iBytes));
768     CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMemcpy(diag->d_identity, identity, iBytes, hipMemcpyHostToDevice));
769   }
770 
771   // CEED_EVAL_INTERP
772   CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetInterp(basisin, &interpin));
773   CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMalloc((void **)&diag->d_interpin, iBytes));
774   CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMemcpy(diag->d_interpin, interpin, iBytes, hipMemcpyHostToDevice));
775   CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetInterp(basisout, &interpout));
776   CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMalloc((void **)&diag->d_interpout, iBytes));
777   CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMemcpy(diag->d_interpout, interpout, iBytes, hipMemcpyHostToDevice));
778 
779   // CEED_EVAL_GRAD
780   CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetGrad(basisin, &gradin));
781   CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMalloc((void **)&diag->d_gradin, gBytes));
782   CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMemcpy(diag->d_gradin, gradin, gBytes, hipMemcpyHostToDevice));
783   CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetGrad(basisout, &gradout));
784   CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMalloc((void **)&diag->d_gradout, gBytes));
785   CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMemcpy(diag->d_gradout, gradout, gBytes, hipMemcpyHostToDevice));
786 
787   // Arrays of emodes
788   CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMalloc((void **)&diag->d_emodein, numemodein * eBytes));
789   CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMemcpy(diag->d_emodein, emodein, numemodein * eBytes, hipMemcpyHostToDevice));
790   CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMalloc((void **)&diag->d_emodeout, numemodeout * eBytes));
791   CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMemcpy(diag->d_emodeout, emodeout, numemodeout * eBytes, hipMemcpyHostToDevice));
792 
793   // Restriction
794   diag->diagrstr = rstrout;
795 
796   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
797 }
798 
799 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
800 // Assemble diagonal common code
801 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
802 static inline int CeedOperatorAssembleDiagonalCore_Hip(CeedOperator op, CeedVector assembled, CeedRequest *request, const bool pointBlock) {
803   Ceed ceed;
804   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetCeed(op, &ceed));
805   CeedOperator_Hip *impl;
806   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetData(op, &impl));
807 
808   // Assemble QFunction
809   CeedVector          assembledqf;
810   CeedElemRestriction rstr;
811   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorLinearAssembleQFunctionBuildOrUpdate(op, &assembledqf, &rstr, request));
812   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&rstr));
813 
814   // Setup
815   if (!impl->diag) CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorAssembleDiagonalSetup_Hip(op, pointBlock));
816   CeedOperatorDiag_Hip *diag = impl->diag;
817   assert(diag != NULL);
818 
819   // Restriction
820   if (pointBlock && !diag->pbdiagrstr) {
821     CeedElemRestriction pbdiagrstr;
822     CeedCallBackend(CreatePBRestriction(diag->diagrstr, &pbdiagrstr));
823     diag->pbdiagrstr = pbdiagrstr;
824   }
825   CeedElemRestriction diagrstr = pointBlock ? diag->pbdiagrstr : diag->diagrstr;
826 
827   // Create diagonal vector
828   CeedVector elemdiag = pointBlock ? diag->pbelemdiag : diag->elemdiag;
829   if (!elemdiag) {
830     // Element diagonal vector
831     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionCreateVector(diagrstr, NULL, &elemdiag));
832     if (pointBlock) diag->pbelemdiag = elemdiag;
833     else diag->elemdiag = elemdiag;
834   }
835   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorSetValue(elemdiag, 0.0));
836 
837   // Assemble element operator diagonals
838   CeedScalar       *elemdiagarray;
839   const CeedScalar *assembledqfarray;
840   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetArray(elemdiag, CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &elemdiagarray));
841   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetArrayRead(assembledqf, CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &assembledqfarray));
842   CeedInt nelem;
843   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetNumElements(diagrstr, &nelem));
844 
845   // Compute the diagonal of B^T D B
846   int   elemsPerBlock = 1;
847   int   grid          = nelem / elemsPerBlock + ((nelem / elemsPerBlock * elemsPerBlock < nelem) ? 1 : 0);
848   void *args[]        = {(void *)&nelem,   &diag->d_identity, &diag->d_interpin, &diag->d_gradin,   &diag->d_interpout,
849                          &diag->d_gradout, &diag->d_emodein,  &diag->d_emodeout, &assembledqfarray, &elemdiagarray};
850   if (pointBlock) {
851     CeedCallBackend(CeedRunKernelDimHip(ceed, diag->linearPointBlock, grid, diag->nnodes, 1, elemsPerBlock, args));
852   } else {
853     CeedCallBackend(CeedRunKernelDimHip(ceed, diag->linearDiagonal, grid, diag->nnodes, 1, elemsPerBlock, args));
854   }
855 
856   // Restore arrays
857   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorRestoreArray(elemdiag, &elemdiagarray));
858   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorRestoreArrayRead(assembledqf, &assembledqfarray));
859 
860   // Assemble local operator diagonal
861   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionApply(diagrstr, CEED_TRANSPOSE, elemdiag, assembled, request));
862 
863   // Cleanup
864   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&assembledqf));
865 
866   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
867 }
868 
869 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
870 // Assemble Linear Diagonal
871 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
872 static int CeedOperatorLinearAssembleAddDiagonal_Hip(CeedOperator op, CeedVector assembled, CeedRequest *request) {
873   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorAssembleDiagonalCore_Hip(op, assembled, request, false));
874   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
875 }
876 
877 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
878 // Assemble Linear Point Block Diagonal
879 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
880 static int CeedOperatorLinearAssembleAddPointBlockDiagonal_Hip(CeedOperator op, CeedVector assembled, CeedRequest *request) {
881   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorAssembleDiagonalCore_Hip(op, assembled, request, true));
882   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
883 }
884 
885 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
886 // Single operator assembly setup
887 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
888 static int CeedSingleOperatorAssembleSetup_Hip(CeedOperator op) {
889   Ceed ceed;
890   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetCeed(op, &ceed));
891   CeedOperator_Hip *impl;
892   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetData(op, &impl));
893 
894   // Get intput and output fields
895   CeedInt            num_input_fields, num_output_fields;
896   CeedOperatorField *input_fields;
897   CeedOperatorField *output_fields;
898   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetFields(op, &num_input_fields, &input_fields, &num_output_fields, &output_fields));
899 
900   // Determine active input basis eval mode
901   CeedQFunction qf;
902   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetQFunction(op, &qf));
903   CeedQFunctionField *qf_fields;
904   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionGetFields(qf, NULL, &qf_fields, NULL, NULL));
905   // Note that the kernel will treat each dimension of a gradient action separately;
906   // i.e., when an active input has a CEED_EVAL_GRAD mode, num_emode_in will increment by dim.
907   // However, for the purposes of loading the B matrices, it will be treated as one mode, and we will load/copy the entire gradient matrix at once, so
908   // num_B_in_mats_to_load will be incremented by 1.
909   CeedInt             num_emode_in = 0, dim = 1, num_B_in_mats_to_load = 0, size_B_in = 0;
910   CeedEvalMode       *eval_mode_in = NULL;  // will be of size num_B_in_mats_load
911   CeedBasis           basis_in     = NULL;
912   CeedInt             nqpts = 0, esize = 0;
913   CeedElemRestriction rstr_in = NULL;
914   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_input_fields; i++) {
915     CeedVector vec;
916     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(input_fields[i], &vec));
917     if (vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) {
918       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(input_fields[i], &basis_in));
919       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetDimension(basis_in, &dim));
920       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadraturePoints(basis_in, &nqpts));
921       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(input_fields[i], &rstr_in));
922       CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetElementSize(rstr_in, &esize));
923       CeedEvalMode eval_mode;
924       CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_fields[i], &eval_mode));
925       if (eval_mode != CEED_EVAL_NONE) {
926         CeedCallBackend(CeedRealloc(num_B_in_mats_to_load + 1, &eval_mode_in));
927         eval_mode_in[num_B_in_mats_to_load] = eval_mode;
928         num_B_in_mats_to_load += 1;
929         if (eval_mode == CEED_EVAL_GRAD) {
930           num_emode_in += dim;
931           size_B_in += dim * esize * nqpts;
932         } else {
933           num_emode_in += 1;
934           size_B_in += esize * nqpts;
935         }
936       }
937     }
938   }
939 
940   // Determine active output basis; basis_out and rstr_out only used if same as input, TODO
941   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionGetFields(qf, NULL, NULL, NULL, &qf_fields));
942   CeedInt             num_emode_out = 0, num_B_out_mats_to_load = 0, size_B_out = 0;
943   CeedEvalMode       *eval_mode_out = NULL;
944   CeedBasis           basis_out     = NULL;
945   CeedElemRestriction rstr_out      = NULL;
946   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_output_fields; i++) {
947     CeedVector vec;
948     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(output_fields[i], &vec));
949     if (vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) {
950       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(output_fields[i], &basis_out));
951       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(output_fields[i], &rstr_out));
952       if (rstr_out && rstr_out != rstr_in) {
953         // LCOV_EXCL_START
954         return CeedError(ceed, CEED_ERROR_BACKEND, "Backend does not implement multi-field non-composite operator assembly");
955         // LCOV_EXCL_STOP
956       }
957       CeedEvalMode eval_mode;
958       CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_fields[i], &eval_mode));
959       if (eval_mode != CEED_EVAL_NONE) {
960         CeedCallBackend(CeedRealloc(num_B_out_mats_to_load + 1, &eval_mode_out));
961         eval_mode_out[num_B_out_mats_to_load] = eval_mode;
962         num_B_out_mats_to_load += 1;
963         if (eval_mode == CEED_EVAL_GRAD) {
964           num_emode_out += dim;
965           size_B_out += dim * esize * nqpts;
966         } else {
967           num_emode_out += 1;
968           size_B_out += esize * nqpts;
969         }
970       }
971     }
972   }
973 
974   if (num_emode_in == 0 || num_emode_out == 0) {
975     // LCOV_EXCL_START
976     return CeedError(ceed, CEED_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED, "Cannot assemble operator without inputs/outputs");
977     // LCOV_EXCL_STOP
978   }
979 
980   CeedInt nelem, ncomp;
981   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetNumElements(rstr_in, &nelem));
982   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetNumComponents(rstr_in, &ncomp));
983 
984   CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(1, &impl->asmb));
985   CeedOperatorAssemble_Hip *asmb = impl->asmb;
986   asmb->nelem                    = nelem;
987 
988   // Compile kernels
989   int elemsPerBlock   = 1;
990   asmb->elemsPerBlock = elemsPerBlock;
991   CeedInt block_size  = esize * esize * elemsPerBlock;
992   char   *assembly_kernel_path, *assembly_kernel_source;
993   CeedCallBackend(CeedGetJitAbsolutePath(ceed, "ceed/jit-source/hip/hip-ref-operator-assemble.h", &assembly_kernel_path));
994   CeedDebug256(ceed, 2, "----- Loading Assembly Kernel Source -----\n");
995   CeedCallBackend(CeedLoadSourceToBuffer(ceed, assembly_kernel_path, &assembly_kernel_source));
996   CeedDebug256(ceed, 2, "----- Loading Assembly Source Complete! -----\n");
997   bool fallback = block_size > 1024;
998   if (fallback) {  // Use fallback kernel with 1D threadblock
999     block_size         = esize * elemsPerBlock;
1000     asmb->block_size_x = esize;
1001     asmb->block_size_y = 1;
1002   } else {  // Use kernel with 2D threadblock
1003     asmb->block_size_x = esize;
1004     asmb->block_size_y = esize;
1005   }
1006   CeedCallBackend(CeedCompileHip(ceed, assembly_kernel_source, &asmb->module, 7, "NELEM", nelem, "NUMEMODEIN", num_emode_in, "NUMEMODEOUT",
1007                                  num_emode_out, "NQPTS", nqpts, "NNODES", esize, "BLOCK_SIZE", block_size, "NCOMP", ncomp));
1008   CeedCallBackend(CeedGetKernelHip(ceed, asmb->module, fallback ? "linearAssembleFallback" : "linearAssemble", &asmb->linearAssemble));
1009   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&assembly_kernel_path));
1010   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&assembly_kernel_source));
1011 
1012   // Build 'full' B matrices (not 1D arrays used for tensor-product matrices)
1013   const CeedScalar *interp_in, *grad_in;
1014   CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetInterp(basis_in, &interp_in));
1015   CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetGrad(basis_in, &grad_in));
1016 
1017   // Load into B_in, in order that they will be used in eval_mode
1018   const CeedInt inBytes   = size_B_in * sizeof(CeedScalar);
1019   CeedInt       mat_start = 0;
1020   CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMalloc((void **)&asmb->d_B_in, inBytes));
1021   for (int i = 0; i < num_B_in_mats_to_load; i++) {
1022     CeedEvalMode eval_mode = eval_mode_in[i];
1023     if (eval_mode == CEED_EVAL_INTERP) {
1024       CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMemcpy(&asmb->d_B_in[mat_start], interp_in, esize * nqpts * sizeof(CeedScalar), hipMemcpyHostToDevice));
1025       mat_start += esize * nqpts;
1026     } else if (eval_mode == CEED_EVAL_GRAD) {
1027       CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMemcpy(&asmb->d_B_in[mat_start], grad_in, dim * esize * nqpts * sizeof(CeedScalar), hipMemcpyHostToDevice));
1028       mat_start += dim * esize * nqpts;
1029     }
1030   }
1031 
1032   const CeedScalar *interp_out, *grad_out;
1033   // Note that this function currently assumes 1 basis, so this should always be true
1034   // for now
1035   if (basis_out == basis_in) {
1036     interp_out = interp_in;
1037     grad_out   = grad_in;
1038   } else {
1039     CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetInterp(basis_out, &interp_out));
1040     CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetGrad(basis_out, &grad_out));
1041   }
1042 
1043   // Load into B_out, in order that they will be used in eval_mode
1044   const CeedInt outBytes = size_B_out * sizeof(CeedScalar);
1045   mat_start              = 0;
1046   CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMalloc((void **)&asmb->d_B_out, outBytes));
1047   for (int i = 0; i < num_B_out_mats_to_load; i++) {
1048     CeedEvalMode eval_mode = eval_mode_out[i];
1049     if (eval_mode == CEED_EVAL_INTERP) {
1050       CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMemcpy(&asmb->d_B_out[mat_start], interp_out, esize * nqpts * sizeof(CeedScalar), hipMemcpyHostToDevice));
1051       mat_start += esize * nqpts;
1052     } else if (eval_mode == CEED_EVAL_GRAD) {
1053       CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMemcpy(&asmb->d_B_out[mat_start], grad_out, dim * esize * nqpts * sizeof(CeedScalar), hipMemcpyHostToDevice));
1054       mat_start += dim * esize * nqpts;
1055     }
1056   }
1057   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
1058 }
1059 
1060 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1061 // Assemble matrix data for COO matrix of assembled operator.
1062 // The sparsity pattern is set by CeedOperatorLinearAssembleSymbolic.
1063 //
1064 // Note that this (and other assembly routines) currently assume only one active input restriction/basis per operator (could have multiple basis eval
1065 // modes).
1066 // TODO: allow multiple active input restrictions/basis objects
1067 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1068 static int CeedSingleOperatorAssemble_Hip(CeedOperator op, CeedInt offset, CeedVector values) {
1069   Ceed ceed;
1070   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetCeed(op, &ceed));
1071   CeedOperator_Hip *impl;
1072   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetData(op, &impl));
1073 
1074   // Setup
1075   if (!impl->asmb) {
1076     CeedCallBackend(CeedSingleOperatorAssembleSetup_Hip(op));
1077     assert(impl->asmb != NULL);
1078   }
1079 
1080   // Assemble QFunction
1081   CeedVector          assembled_qf;
1082   CeedElemRestriction rstr_q;
1083   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorLinearAssembleQFunctionBuildOrUpdate(op, &assembled_qf, &rstr_q, CEED_REQUEST_IMMEDIATE));
1084   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&rstr_q));
1085   CeedScalar *values_array;
1086   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetArrayWrite(values, CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &values_array));
1087   values_array += offset;
1088   const CeedScalar *qf_array;
1089   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetArrayRead(assembled_qf, CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &qf_array));
1090 
1091   // Compute B^T D B
1092   const CeedInt nelem         = impl->asmb->nelem;  // to satisfy clang-tidy
1093   const CeedInt elemsPerBlock = impl->asmb->elemsPerBlock;
1094   const CeedInt grid          = nelem / elemsPerBlock + ((nelem / elemsPerBlock * elemsPerBlock < nelem) ? 1 : 0);
1095   void         *args[]        = {&impl->asmb->d_B_in, &impl->asmb->d_B_out, &qf_array, &values_array};
1096   CeedCallBackend(
1097       CeedRunKernelDimHip(ceed, impl->asmb->linearAssemble, grid, impl->asmb->block_size_x, impl->asmb->block_size_y, elemsPerBlock, args));
1098 
1099   // Restore arrays
1100   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorRestoreArray(values, &values_array));
1101   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorRestoreArrayRead(assembled_qf, &qf_array));
1102 
1103   // Cleanup
1104   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&assembled_qf));
1105 
1106   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
1107 }
1108 
1109 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1110 // Create operator
1111 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1112 int CeedOperatorCreate_Hip(CeedOperator op) {
1113   Ceed ceed;
1114   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetCeed(op, &ceed));
1115   CeedOperator_Hip *impl;
1116 
1117   CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(1, &impl));
1118   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorSetData(op, impl));
1119 
1120   CeedCallBackend(CeedSetBackendFunction(ceed, "Operator", op, "LinearAssembleQFunction", CeedOperatorLinearAssembleQFunction_Hip));
1121   CeedCallBackend(CeedSetBackendFunction(ceed, "Operator", op, "LinearAssembleQFunctionUpdate", CeedOperatorLinearAssembleQFunctionUpdate_Hip));
1122   CeedCallBackend(CeedSetBackendFunction(ceed, "Operator", op, "LinearAssembleAddDiagonal", CeedOperatorLinearAssembleAddDiagonal_Hip));
1123   CeedCallBackend(
1124       CeedSetBackendFunction(ceed, "Operator", op, "LinearAssembleAddPointBlockDiagonal", CeedOperatorLinearAssembleAddPointBlockDiagonal_Hip));
1125   CeedCallBackend(CeedSetBackendFunction(ceed, "Operator", op, "LinearAssembleSingle", CeedSingleOperatorAssemble_Hip));
1126   CeedCallBackend(CeedSetBackendFunction(ceed, "Operator", op, "ApplyAdd", CeedOperatorApplyAdd_Hip));
1127   CeedCallBackend(CeedSetBackendFunction(ceed, "Operator", op, "Destroy", CeedOperatorDestroy_Hip));
1128   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
1129 }
1130 
1131 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1132