xref: /libCEED/backends/hip-ref/ceed-hip-ref-operator.c (revision e984cf9ab7e61f88276fc03d915be3267ae350fc)
1 // Copyright (c) 2017-2022, Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC and other CEED contributors.
2 // All Rights Reserved. See the top-level LICENSE and NOTICE files for details.
3 //
4 // SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
5 //
6 // This file is part of CEED:  http://github.com/ceed
7 
8 #include <ceed.h>
9 #include <ceed/backend.h>
10 #include <ceed/jit-tools.h>
11 #include <assert.h>
12 #include <stdbool.h>
13 #include <string.h>
14 #include <hip/hip_runtime.h>
15 
16 #include "../hip/ceed-hip-common.h"
17 #include "../hip/ceed-hip-compile.h"
18 #include "ceed-hip-ref.h"
19 
20 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
21 // Destroy operator
22 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
23 static int CeedOperatorDestroy_Hip(CeedOperator op) {
24   CeedOperator_Hip *impl;
25   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetData(op, &impl));
26 
27   // Apply data
28   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < impl->numein + impl->numeout; i++) {
29     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&impl->evecs[i]));
30   }
31   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&impl->evecs));
32 
33   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < impl->numein; i++) {
34     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&impl->qvecsin[i]));
35   }
36   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&impl->qvecsin));
37 
38   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < impl->numeout; i++) {
39     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&impl->qvecsout[i]));
40   }
41   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&impl->qvecsout));
42 
43   // QFunction assembly data
44   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < impl->qfnumactivein; i++) {
45     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&impl->qfactivein[i]));
46   }
47   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&impl->qfactivein));
48 
49   // Diag data
50   if (impl->diag) {
51     Ceed ceed;
52     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetCeed(op, &ceed));
53     CeedCallHip(ceed, hipModuleUnload(impl->diag->module));
54     CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&impl->diag->h_emodein));
55     CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&impl->diag->h_emodeout));
56     CeedCallHip(ceed, hipFree(impl->diag->d_emodein));
57     CeedCallHip(ceed, hipFree(impl->diag->d_emodeout));
58     CeedCallHip(ceed, hipFree(impl->diag->d_identity));
59     CeedCallHip(ceed, hipFree(impl->diag->d_interpin));
60     CeedCallHip(ceed, hipFree(impl->diag->d_interpout));
61     CeedCallHip(ceed, hipFree(impl->diag->d_gradin));
62     CeedCallHip(ceed, hipFree(impl->diag->d_gradout));
63     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&impl->diag->pbdiagrstr));
64     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&impl->diag->elemdiag));
65     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&impl->diag->pbelemdiag));
66   }
67   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&impl->diag));
68 
69   if (impl->asmb) {
70     Ceed ceed;
71     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetCeed(op, &ceed));
72     CeedCallHip(ceed, hipModuleUnload(impl->asmb->module));
73     CeedCallHip(ceed, hipFree(impl->asmb->d_B_in));
74     CeedCallHip(ceed, hipFree(impl->asmb->d_B_out));
75   }
76   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&impl->asmb));
77 
78   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&impl));
79   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
80 }
81 
82 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
83 // Setup infields or outfields
84 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
85 static int CeedOperatorSetupFields_Hip(CeedQFunction qf, CeedOperator op, bool isinput, CeedVector *evecs, CeedVector *qvecs, CeedInt starte,
86                                        CeedInt numfields, CeedInt Q, CeedInt numelements) {
87   CeedInt  dim, size;
88   CeedSize q_size;
89   Ceed     ceed;
90   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetCeed(op, &ceed));
91   CeedBasis           basis;
92   CeedElemRestriction Erestrict;
93   CeedOperatorField  *opfields;
94   CeedQFunctionField *qffields;
95   CeedVector          fieldvec;
96   bool                strided;
97   bool                skiprestrict;
98 
99   if (isinput) {
100     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetFields(op, NULL, &opfields, NULL, NULL));
101     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionGetFields(qf, NULL, &qffields, NULL, NULL));
102   } else {
103     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetFields(op, NULL, NULL, NULL, &opfields));
104     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionGetFields(qf, NULL, NULL, NULL, &qffields));
105   }
106 
107   // Loop over fields
108   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < numfields; i++) {
109     CeedEvalMode emode;
110     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qffields[i], &emode));
111 
112     strided      = false;
113     skiprestrict = false;
114     if (emode != CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT) {
115       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(opfields[i], &Erestrict));
116 
117       // Check whether this field can skip the element restriction:
118       // must be passive input, with emode NONE, and have a strided restriction with CEED_STRIDES_BACKEND.
119 
120       // First, check whether the field is input or output:
121       if (isinput) {
122         // Check for passive input:
123         CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(opfields[i], &fieldvec));
124         if (fieldvec != CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) {
125           // Check emode
126           if (emode == CEED_EVAL_NONE) {
127             // Check for strided restriction
128             CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionIsStrided(Erestrict, &strided));
129             if (strided) {
130               // Check if vector is already in preferred backend ordering
131               CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionHasBackendStrides(Erestrict, &skiprestrict));
132             }
133           }
134         }
135       }
136       if (skiprestrict) {
137         // We do not need an E-Vector, but will use the input field vector's data directly in the operator application.
138         evecs[i + starte] = NULL;
139       } else {
140         CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionCreateVector(Erestrict, NULL, &evecs[i + starte]));
141       }
142     }
143 
144     switch (emode) {
145       case CEED_EVAL_NONE:
146         CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetSize(qffields[i], &size));
147         q_size = (CeedSize)numelements * Q * size;
148         CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorCreate(ceed, q_size, &qvecs[i]));
149         break;
150       case CEED_EVAL_INTERP:
151         CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetSize(qffields[i], &size));
152         q_size = (CeedSize)numelements * Q * size;
153         CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorCreate(ceed, q_size, &qvecs[i]));
154         break;
155       case CEED_EVAL_GRAD:
156         CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(opfields[i], &basis));
157         CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetSize(qffields[i], &size));
158         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetDimension(basis, &dim));
159         q_size = (CeedSize)numelements * Q * size;
160         CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorCreate(ceed, q_size, &qvecs[i]));
161         break;
162       case CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT:  // Only on input fields
163         CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(opfields[i], &basis));
164         q_size = (CeedSize)numelements * Q;
165         CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorCreate(ceed, q_size, &qvecs[i]));
166         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisApply(basis, numelements, CEED_NOTRANSPOSE, CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT, CEED_VECTOR_NONE, qvecs[i]));
167         break;
168       case CEED_EVAL_DIV:
169         break;  // TODO: Not implemented
170       case CEED_EVAL_CURL:
171         break;  // TODO: Not implemented
172     }
173   }
174   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
175 }
176 
177 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
178 // CeedOperator needs to connect all the named fields (be they active or passive) to the named inputs and outputs of its CeedQFunction.
179 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
180 static int CeedOperatorSetup_Hip(CeedOperator op) {
181   bool setupdone;
182   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorIsSetupDone(op, &setupdone));
183   if (setupdone) return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
184   Ceed ceed;
185   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetCeed(op, &ceed));
186   CeedOperator_Hip *impl;
187   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetData(op, &impl));
188   CeedQFunction qf;
189   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetQFunction(op, &qf));
190   CeedInt Q, numelements, numinputfields, numoutputfields;
191   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetNumQuadraturePoints(op, &Q));
192   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetNumElements(op, &numelements));
193   CeedOperatorField *opinputfields, *opoutputfields;
194   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetFields(op, &numinputfields, &opinputfields, &numoutputfields, &opoutputfields));
195   CeedQFunctionField *qfinputfields, *qfoutputfields;
196   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionGetFields(qf, NULL, &qfinputfields, NULL, &qfoutputfields));
197 
198   // Allocate
199   CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(numinputfields + numoutputfields, &impl->evecs));
200 
201   CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(CEED_FIELD_MAX, &impl->qvecsin));
202   CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(CEED_FIELD_MAX, &impl->qvecsout));
203 
204   impl->numein  = numinputfields;
205   impl->numeout = numoutputfields;
206 
207   // Set up infield and outfield evecs and qvecs
208   // Infields
209   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorSetupFields_Hip(qf, op, true, impl->evecs, impl->qvecsin, 0, numinputfields, Q, numelements));
210 
211   // Outfields
212   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorSetupFields_Hip(qf, op, false, impl->evecs, impl->qvecsout, numinputfields, numoutputfields, Q, numelements));
213 
214   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorSetSetupDone(op));
215   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
216 }
217 
218 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
219 // Setup Operator Inputs
220 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
221 static inline int CeedOperatorSetupInputs_Hip(CeedInt numinputfields, CeedQFunctionField *qfinputfields, CeedOperatorField *opinputfields,
222                                               CeedVector invec, const bool skipactive, CeedScalar *edata[2 * CEED_FIELD_MAX], CeedOperator_Hip *impl,
223                                               CeedRequest *request) {
224   CeedEvalMode        emode;
225   CeedVector          vec;
226   CeedElemRestriction Erestrict;
227 
228   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < numinputfields; i++) {
229     // Get input vector
230     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(opinputfields[i], &vec));
231     if (vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) {
232       if (skipactive) continue;
233       else vec = invec;
234     }
235 
236     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qfinputfields[i], &emode));
237     if (emode == CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT) {  // Skip
238     } else {
239       // Get input vector
240       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(opinputfields[i], &vec));
241       // Get input element restriction
242       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(opinputfields[i], &Erestrict));
243       if (vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) vec = invec;
244       // Restrict, if necessary
245       if (!impl->evecs[i]) {
246         // No restriction for this field; read data directly from vec.
247         CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetArrayRead(vec, CEED_MEM_DEVICE, (const CeedScalar **)&edata[i]));
248       } else {
249         CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionApply(Erestrict, CEED_NOTRANSPOSE, vec, impl->evecs[i], request));
250         // Get evec
251         CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetArrayRead(impl->evecs[i], CEED_MEM_DEVICE, (const CeedScalar **)&edata[i]));
252       }
253     }
254   }
255   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
256 }
257 
258 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
259 // Input Basis Action
260 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
261 static inline int CeedOperatorInputBasis_Hip(CeedInt numelements, CeedQFunctionField *qfinputfields, CeedOperatorField *opinputfields,
262                                              CeedInt numinputfields, const bool skipactive, CeedScalar *edata[2 * CEED_FIELD_MAX],
263                                              CeedOperator_Hip *impl) {
264   CeedInt             elemsize, size;
265   CeedElemRestriction Erestrict;
266   CeedEvalMode        emode;
267   CeedBasis           basis;
268 
269   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < numinputfields; i++) {
270     // Skip active input
271     if (skipactive) {
272       CeedVector vec;
273       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(opinputfields[i], &vec));
274       if (vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) continue;
275     }
276     // Get elemsize, emode, size
277     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(opinputfields[i], &Erestrict));
278     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetElementSize(Erestrict, &elemsize));
279     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qfinputfields[i], &emode));
280     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetSize(qfinputfields[i], &size));
281     // Basis action
282     switch (emode) {
283       case CEED_EVAL_NONE:
284         CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorSetArray(impl->qvecsin[i], CEED_MEM_DEVICE, CEED_USE_POINTER, edata[i]));
285         break;
286       case CEED_EVAL_INTERP:
287         CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(opinputfields[i], &basis));
288         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisApply(basis, numelements, CEED_NOTRANSPOSE, CEED_EVAL_INTERP, impl->evecs[i], impl->qvecsin[i]));
289         break;
290       case CEED_EVAL_GRAD:
291         CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(opinputfields[i], &basis));
292         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisApply(basis, numelements, CEED_NOTRANSPOSE, CEED_EVAL_GRAD, impl->evecs[i], impl->qvecsin[i]));
293         break;
294       case CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT:
295         break;  // No action
296       case CEED_EVAL_DIV:
297         break;  // TODO: Not implemented
298       case CEED_EVAL_CURL:
299         break;  // TODO: Not implemented
300     }
301   }
302   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
303 }
304 
305 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
306 // Restore Input Vectors
307 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
308 static inline int CeedOperatorRestoreInputs_Hip(CeedInt numinputfields, CeedQFunctionField *qfinputfields, CeedOperatorField *opinputfields,
309                                                 const bool skipactive, CeedScalar *edata[2 * CEED_FIELD_MAX], CeedOperator_Hip *impl) {
310   CeedEvalMode emode;
311   CeedVector   vec;
312 
313   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < numinputfields; i++) {
314     // Skip active input
315     if (skipactive) {
316       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(opinputfields[i], &vec));
317       if (vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) continue;
318     }
319     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qfinputfields[i], &emode));
320     if (emode == CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT) {  // Skip
321     } else {
322       if (!impl->evecs[i]) {  // This was a skiprestrict case
323         CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(opinputfields[i], &vec));
324         CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorRestoreArrayRead(vec, (const CeedScalar **)&edata[i]));
325       } else {
326         CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorRestoreArrayRead(impl->evecs[i], (const CeedScalar **)&edata[i]));
327       }
328     }
329   }
330   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
331 }
332 
333 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
334 // Apply and add to output
335 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
336 static int CeedOperatorApplyAdd_Hip(CeedOperator op, CeedVector invec, CeedVector outvec, CeedRequest *request) {
337   CeedOperator_Hip *impl;
338   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetData(op, &impl));
339   CeedQFunction qf;
340   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetQFunction(op, &qf));
341   CeedInt Q, numelements, elemsize, numinputfields, numoutputfields, size;
342   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetNumQuadraturePoints(op, &Q));
343   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetNumElements(op, &numelements));
344   CeedOperatorField *opinputfields, *opoutputfields;
345   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetFields(op, &numinputfields, &opinputfields, &numoutputfields, &opoutputfields));
346   CeedQFunctionField *qfinputfields, *qfoutputfields;
347   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionGetFields(qf, NULL, &qfinputfields, NULL, &qfoutputfields));
348   CeedEvalMode        emode;
349   CeedVector          vec;
350   CeedBasis           basis;
351   CeedElemRestriction Erestrict;
352   CeedScalar         *edata[2 * CEED_FIELD_MAX] = {NULL};
353 
354   // Setup
355   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorSetup_Hip(op));
356 
357   // Input Evecs and Restriction
358   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorSetupInputs_Hip(numinputfields, qfinputfields, opinputfields, invec, false, edata, impl, request));
359 
360   // Input basis apply if needed
361   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorInputBasis_Hip(numelements, qfinputfields, opinputfields, numinputfields, false, edata, impl));
362 
363   // Output pointers, as necessary
364   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < numoutputfields; i++) {
365     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qfoutputfields[i], &emode));
366     if (emode == CEED_EVAL_NONE) {
367       // Set the output Q-Vector to use the E-Vector data directly.
368       CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetArrayWrite(impl->evecs[i + impl->numein], CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &edata[i + numinputfields]));
369       CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorSetArray(impl->qvecsout[i], CEED_MEM_DEVICE, CEED_USE_POINTER, edata[i + numinputfields]));
370     }
371   }
372 
373   // Q function
374   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionApply(qf, numelements * Q, impl->qvecsin, impl->qvecsout));
375 
376   // Output basis apply if needed
377   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < numoutputfields; i++) {
378     // Get elemsize, emode, size
379     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(opoutputfields[i], &Erestrict));
380     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetElementSize(Erestrict, &elemsize));
381     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qfoutputfields[i], &emode));
382     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetSize(qfoutputfields[i], &size));
383     // Basis action
384     switch (emode) {
385       case CEED_EVAL_NONE:
386         break;
387       case CEED_EVAL_INTERP:
388         CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(opoutputfields[i], &basis));
389         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisApply(basis, numelements, CEED_TRANSPOSE, CEED_EVAL_INTERP, impl->qvecsout[i], impl->evecs[i + impl->numein]));
390         break;
391       case CEED_EVAL_GRAD:
392         CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(opoutputfields[i], &basis));
393         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisApply(basis, numelements, CEED_TRANSPOSE, CEED_EVAL_GRAD, impl->qvecsout[i], impl->evecs[i + impl->numein]));
394         break;
395       // LCOV_EXCL_START
396       case CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT: {
397         Ceed ceed;
398         CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetCeed(op, &ceed));
399         return CeedError(ceed, CEED_ERROR_BACKEND, "CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT cannot be an output evaluation mode");
400         break;  // Should not occur
401       }
402       case CEED_EVAL_DIV:
403         break;  // TODO: Not implemented
404       case CEED_EVAL_CURL:
405         break;  // TODO: Not implemented
406                 // LCOV_EXCL_STOP
407     }
408   }
409 
410   // Output restriction
411   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < numoutputfields; i++) {
412     // Restore evec
413     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qfoutputfields[i], &emode));
414     if (emode == CEED_EVAL_NONE) {
415       CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorRestoreArray(impl->evecs[i + impl->numein], &edata[i + numinputfields]));
416     }
417     // Get output vector
418     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(opoutputfields[i], &vec));
419     // Restrict
420     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(opoutputfields[i], &Erestrict));
421     // Active
422     if (vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) vec = outvec;
423 
424     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionApply(Erestrict, CEED_TRANSPOSE, impl->evecs[i + impl->numein], vec, request));
425   }
426 
427   // Restore input arrays
428   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorRestoreInputs_Hip(numinputfields, qfinputfields, opinputfields, false, edata, impl));
429   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
430 }
431 
432 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
433 // Core code for assembling linear QFunction
434 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
435 static inline int CeedOperatorLinearAssembleQFunctionCore_Hip(CeedOperator op, bool build_objects, CeedVector *assembled, CeedElemRestriction *rstr,
436                                                               CeedRequest *request) {
437   Ceed                ceed, ceedparent;
438   CeedOperator_Hip   *impl;
439   CeedQFunction       qf;
440   CeedQFunctionField *qfinputfields, *qfoutputfields;
441   CeedOperatorField  *opinputfields, *opoutputfields;
442   CeedVector          vec, *activein;
443   CeedInt             numactivein, numactiveout, Q, numelements, numinputfields, numoutputfields, size;
444   CeedSize            q_size;
445   CeedScalar         *a, *tmp, *edata[2 * CEED_FIELD_MAX] = {NULL};
446   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetCeed(op, &ceed));
447   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetFallbackParentCeed(op, &ceedparent));
448   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetData(op, &impl));
449   activein    = impl->qfactivein;
450   numactivein = impl->qfnumactivein, numactiveout = impl->qfnumactiveout;
451   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetQFunction(op, &qf));
452   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetNumQuadraturePoints(op, &Q));
453   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetNumElements(op, &numelements));
454   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionGetFields(qf, NULL, &qfinputfields, NULL, &qfoutputfields));
455   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetFields(op, &numinputfields, &opinputfields, &numoutputfields, &opoutputfields));
456 
457   // Setup
458   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorSetup_Hip(op));
459 
460   // Check for identity
461   bool identityqf;
462   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionIsIdentity(qf, &identityqf));
463   CeedCheck(!identityqf, ceed, CEED_ERROR_BACKEND, "Assembling identity QFunctions not supported");
464 
465   // Input Evecs and Restriction
466   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorSetupInputs_Hip(numinputfields, qfinputfields, opinputfields, NULL, true, edata, impl, request));
467 
468   // Count number of active input fields
469   if (!numactivein) {
470     for (CeedInt i = 0; i < numinputfields; i++) {
471       // Get input vector
472       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(opinputfields[i], &vec));
473       // Check if active input
474       if (vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) {
475         CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetSize(qfinputfields[i], &size));
476         CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorSetValue(impl->qvecsin[i], 0.0));
477         CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetArray(impl->qvecsin[i], CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &tmp));
478         CeedCallBackend(CeedRealloc(numactivein + size, &activein));
479         for (CeedInt field = 0; field < size; field++) {
480           q_size = (CeedSize)Q * numelements;
481           CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorCreate(ceed, q_size, &activein[numactivein + field]));
482           CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorSetArray(activein[numactivein + field], CEED_MEM_DEVICE, CEED_USE_POINTER, &tmp[field * Q * numelements]));
483         }
484         numactivein += size;
485         CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorRestoreArray(impl->qvecsin[i], &tmp));
486       }
487     }
488     impl->qfnumactivein = numactivein;
489     impl->qfactivein    = activein;
490   }
491 
492   // Count number of active output fields
493   if (!numactiveout) {
494     for (CeedInt i = 0; i < numoutputfields; i++) {
495       // Get output vector
496       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(opoutputfields[i], &vec));
497       // Check if active output
498       if (vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) {
499         CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetSize(qfoutputfields[i], &size));
500         numactiveout += size;
501       }
502     }
503     impl->qfnumactiveout = numactiveout;
504   }
505 
506   // Check sizes
507   CeedCheck(numactivein > 0 && numactiveout > 0, ceed, CEED_ERROR_BACKEND, "Cannot assemble QFunction without active inputs and outputs");
508 
509   // Build objects if needed
510   if (build_objects) {
511     // Create output restriction
512     CeedInt strides[3] = {1, numelements * Q, Q}; /* *NOPAD* */
513     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionCreateStrided(ceedparent, numelements, Q, numactivein * numactiveout,
514                                                      numactivein * numactiveout * numelements * Q, strides, rstr));
515     // Create assembled vector
516     CeedSize l_size = (CeedSize)numelements * Q * numactivein * numactiveout;
517     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorCreate(ceedparent, l_size, assembled));
518   }
519   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorSetValue(*assembled, 0.0));
520   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetArray(*assembled, CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &a));
521 
522   // Input basis apply
523   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorInputBasis_Hip(numelements, qfinputfields, opinputfields, numinputfields, true, edata, impl));
524 
525   // Assemble QFunction
526   for (CeedInt in = 0; in < numactivein; in++) {
527     // Set Inputs
528     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorSetValue(activein[in], 1.0));
529     if (numactivein > 1) {
530       CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorSetValue(activein[(in + numactivein - 1) % numactivein], 0.0));
531     }
532     // Set Outputs
533     for (CeedInt out = 0; out < numoutputfields; out++) {
534       // Get output vector
535       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(opoutputfields[out], &vec));
536       // Check if active output
537       if (vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) {
538         CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorSetArray(impl->qvecsout[out], CEED_MEM_DEVICE, CEED_USE_POINTER, a));
539         CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetSize(qfoutputfields[out], &size));
540         a += size * Q * numelements;  // Advance the pointer by the size of the output
541       }
542     }
543     // Apply QFunction
544     CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionApply(qf, Q * numelements, impl->qvecsin, impl->qvecsout));
545   }
546 
547   // Un-set output Qvecs to prevent accidental overwrite of Assembled
548   for (CeedInt out = 0; out < numoutputfields; out++) {
549     // Get output vector
550     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(opoutputfields[out], &vec));
551     // Check if active output
552     if (vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) {
553       CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorTakeArray(impl->qvecsout[out], CEED_MEM_DEVICE, NULL));
554     }
555   }
556 
557   // Restore input arrays
558   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorRestoreInputs_Hip(numinputfields, qfinputfields, opinputfields, true, edata, impl));
559 
560   // Restore output
561   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorRestoreArray(*assembled, &a));
562 
563   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
564 }
565 
566 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
567 // Assemble Linear QFunction
568 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
569 static int CeedOperatorLinearAssembleQFunction_Hip(CeedOperator op, CeedVector *assembled, CeedElemRestriction *rstr, CeedRequest *request) {
570   return CeedOperatorLinearAssembleQFunctionCore_Hip(op, true, assembled, rstr, request);
571 }
572 
573 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
574 // Update Assembled Linear QFunction
575 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
576 static int CeedOperatorLinearAssembleQFunctionUpdate_Hip(CeedOperator op, CeedVector assembled, CeedElemRestriction rstr, CeedRequest *request) {
577   return CeedOperatorLinearAssembleQFunctionCore_Hip(op, false, &assembled, &rstr, request);
578 }
579 
580 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
581 // Create point block restriction
582 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
583 static int CreatePBRestriction(CeedElemRestriction rstr, CeedElemRestriction *pbRstr) {
584   Ceed ceed;
585   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetCeed(rstr, &ceed));
586   const CeedInt *offsets;
587   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetOffsets(rstr, CEED_MEM_HOST, &offsets));
588 
589   // Expand offsets
590   CeedInt  nelem, ncomp, elemsize, compstride, *pbOffsets;
591   CeedSize l_size;
592   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetNumElements(rstr, &nelem));
593   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetNumComponents(rstr, &ncomp));
594   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetElementSize(rstr, &elemsize));
595   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetCompStride(rstr, &compstride));
596   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetLVectorSize(rstr, &l_size));
597   CeedInt shift = ncomp;
598   if (compstride != 1) shift *= ncomp;
599   CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(nelem * elemsize, &pbOffsets));
600   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < nelem * elemsize; i++) {
601     pbOffsets[i] = offsets[i] * shift;
602   }
603 
604   // Create new restriction
605   CeedCallBackend(
606       CeedElemRestrictionCreate(ceed, nelem, elemsize, ncomp * ncomp, 1, l_size * ncomp, CEED_MEM_HOST, CEED_OWN_POINTER, pbOffsets, pbRstr));
607 
608   // Cleanup
609   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionRestoreOffsets(rstr, &offsets));
610 
611   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
612 }
613 
614 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
615 // Assemble diagonal setup
616 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
617 static inline int CeedOperatorAssembleDiagonalSetup_Hip(CeedOperator op, const bool pointBlock, CeedInt use_ceedsize_idx) {
618   Ceed ceed;
619   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetCeed(op, &ceed));
620   CeedQFunction qf;
621   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetQFunction(op, &qf));
622   CeedInt numinputfields, numoutputfields;
623   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionGetNumArgs(qf, &numinputfields, &numoutputfields));
624 
625   // Determine active input basis
626   CeedOperatorField  *opfields;
627   CeedQFunctionField *qffields;
628   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetFields(op, NULL, &opfields, NULL, NULL));
629   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionGetFields(qf, NULL, &qffields, NULL, NULL));
630   CeedInt             numemodein = 0, ncomp = 0, dim = 1;
631   CeedEvalMode       *emodein = NULL;
632   CeedBasis           basisin = NULL;
633   CeedElemRestriction rstrin  = NULL;
634   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < numinputfields; i++) {
635     CeedVector vec;
636     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(opfields[i], &vec));
637     if (vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) {
638       CeedElemRestriction rstr;
639       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(opfields[i], &basisin));
640       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumComponents(basisin, &ncomp));
641       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetDimension(basisin, &dim));
642       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(opfields[i], &rstr));
643       CeedCheck(!rstrin || rstrin == rstr, ceed, CEED_ERROR_BACKEND,
644                 "Backend does not implement multi-field non-composite operator diagonal assembly");
645       rstrin = rstr;
646       CeedEvalMode emode;
647       CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qffields[i], &emode));
648       switch (emode) {
649         case CEED_EVAL_NONE:
650         case CEED_EVAL_INTERP:
651           CeedCallBackend(CeedRealloc(numemodein + 1, &emodein));
652           emodein[numemodein] = emode;
653           numemodein += 1;
654           break;
655         case CEED_EVAL_GRAD:
656           CeedCallBackend(CeedRealloc(numemodein + dim, &emodein));
657           for (CeedInt d = 0; d < dim; d++) emodein[numemodein + d] = emode;
658           numemodein += dim;
659           break;
660         case CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT:
661         case CEED_EVAL_DIV:
662         case CEED_EVAL_CURL:
663           break;  // Caught by QF Assembly
664       }
665     }
666   }
667 
668   // Determine active output basis
669   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetFields(op, NULL, NULL, NULL, &opfields));
670   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionGetFields(qf, NULL, NULL, NULL, &qffields));
671   CeedInt             numemodeout = 0;
672   CeedEvalMode       *emodeout    = NULL;
673   CeedBasis           basisout    = NULL;
674   CeedElemRestriction rstrout     = NULL;
675   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < numoutputfields; i++) {
676     CeedVector vec;
677     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(opfields[i], &vec));
678     if (vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) {
679       CeedElemRestriction rstr;
680       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(opfields[i], &basisout));
681       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(opfields[i], &rstr));
682       CeedCheck(!rstrout || rstrout == rstr, ceed, CEED_ERROR_BACKEND,
683                 "Backend does not implement multi-field non-composite operator diagonal assembly");
684       rstrout = rstr;
685       CeedEvalMode emode;
686       CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qffields[i], &emode));
687       switch (emode) {
688         case CEED_EVAL_NONE:
689         case CEED_EVAL_INTERP:
690           CeedCallBackend(CeedRealloc(numemodeout + 1, &emodeout));
691           emodeout[numemodeout] = emode;
692           numemodeout += 1;
693           break;
694         case CEED_EVAL_GRAD:
695           CeedCallBackend(CeedRealloc(numemodeout + dim, &emodeout));
696           for (CeedInt d = 0; d < dim; d++) emodeout[numemodeout + d] = emode;
697           numemodeout += dim;
698           break;
699         case CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT:
700         case CEED_EVAL_DIV:
701         case CEED_EVAL_CURL:
702           break;  // Caught by QF Assembly
703       }
704     }
705   }
706 
707   // Operator data struct
708   CeedOperator_Hip *impl;
709   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetData(op, &impl));
710   CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(1, &impl->diag));
711   CeedOperatorDiag_Hip *diag = impl->diag;
712   diag->basisin              = basisin;
713   diag->basisout             = basisout;
714   diag->h_emodein            = emodein;
715   diag->h_emodeout           = emodeout;
716   diag->numemodein           = numemodein;
717   diag->numemodeout          = numemodeout;
718 
719   // Assemble kernel
720 
721   char *diagonal_kernel_path, *diagonal_kernel_source;
722   CeedCallBackend(CeedGetJitAbsolutePath(ceed, "ceed/jit-source/hip/hip-ref-operator-assemble-diagonal.h", &diagonal_kernel_path));
723   CeedDebug256(ceed, CEED_DEBUG_COLOR_SUCCESS, "----- Loading Diagonal Assembly Kernel Source -----\n");
724   CeedCallBackend(CeedLoadSourceToBuffer(ceed, diagonal_kernel_path, &diagonal_kernel_source));
725   CeedDebug256(ceed, CEED_DEBUG_COLOR_SUCCESS, "----- Loading Diagonal Assembly Source Complete! -----\n");
726   CeedInt nnodes, nqpts;
727   CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumNodes(basisin, &nnodes));
728   CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadraturePoints(basisin, &nqpts));
729   diag->nnodes = nnodes;
730   CeedCallBackend(CeedCompile_Hip(ceed, diagonal_kernel_source, &diag->module, 6, "NUMEMODEIN", numemodein, "NUMEMODEOUT", numemodeout, "NNODES",
731                                   nnodes, "NQPTS", nqpts, "NCOMP", ncomp, "CEEDSIZE", use_ceedsize_idx));
732   CeedCallBackend(CeedGetKernel_Hip(ceed, diag->module, "linearDiagonal", &diag->linearDiagonal));
733   CeedCallBackend(CeedGetKernel_Hip(ceed, diag->module, "linearPointBlockDiagonal", &diag->linearPointBlock));
734   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&diagonal_kernel_path));
735   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&diagonal_kernel_source));
736 
737   // Basis matrices
738   const CeedInt     qBytes = nqpts * sizeof(CeedScalar);
739   const CeedInt     iBytes = qBytes * nnodes;
740   const CeedInt     gBytes = qBytes * nnodes * dim;
741   const CeedInt     eBytes = sizeof(CeedEvalMode);
742   const CeedScalar *interpin, *interpout, *gradin, *gradout;
743 
744   // CEED_EVAL_NONE
745   CeedScalar *identity = NULL;
746   bool        evalNone = false;
747   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < numemodein; i++) evalNone = evalNone || (emodein[i] == CEED_EVAL_NONE);
748   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < numemodeout; i++) evalNone = evalNone || (emodeout[i] == CEED_EVAL_NONE);
749   if (evalNone) {
750     CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(nqpts * nnodes, &identity));
751     for (CeedInt i = 0; i < (nnodes < nqpts ? nnodes : nqpts); i++) identity[i * nnodes + i] = 1.0;
752     CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMalloc((void **)&diag->d_identity, iBytes));
753     CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMemcpy(diag->d_identity, identity, iBytes, hipMemcpyHostToDevice));
754   }
755 
756   // CEED_EVAL_INTERP
757   CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetInterp(basisin, &interpin));
758   CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMalloc((void **)&diag->d_interpin, iBytes));
759   CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMemcpy(diag->d_interpin, interpin, iBytes, hipMemcpyHostToDevice));
760   CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetInterp(basisout, &interpout));
761   CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMalloc((void **)&diag->d_interpout, iBytes));
762   CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMemcpy(diag->d_interpout, interpout, iBytes, hipMemcpyHostToDevice));
763 
764   // CEED_EVAL_GRAD
765   CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetGrad(basisin, &gradin));
766   CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMalloc((void **)&diag->d_gradin, gBytes));
767   CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMemcpy(diag->d_gradin, gradin, gBytes, hipMemcpyHostToDevice));
768   CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetGrad(basisout, &gradout));
769   CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMalloc((void **)&diag->d_gradout, gBytes));
770   CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMemcpy(diag->d_gradout, gradout, gBytes, hipMemcpyHostToDevice));
771 
772   // Arrays of emodes
773   CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMalloc((void **)&diag->d_emodein, numemodein * eBytes));
774   CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMemcpy(diag->d_emodein, emodein, numemodein * eBytes, hipMemcpyHostToDevice));
775   CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMalloc((void **)&diag->d_emodeout, numemodeout * eBytes));
776   CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMemcpy(diag->d_emodeout, emodeout, numemodeout * eBytes, hipMemcpyHostToDevice));
777 
778   // Restriction
779   diag->diagrstr = rstrout;
780 
781   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
782 }
783 
784 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
785 // Assemble diagonal common code
786 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
787 static inline int CeedOperatorAssembleDiagonalCore_Hip(CeedOperator op, CeedVector assembled, CeedRequest *request, const bool pointBlock) {
788   Ceed ceed;
789   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetCeed(op, &ceed));
790   CeedOperator_Hip *impl;
791   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetData(op, &impl));
792 
793   // Assemble QFunction
794   CeedVector          assembledqf = NULL;
795   CeedElemRestriction rstr        = NULL;
796   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorLinearAssembleQFunctionBuildOrUpdate(op, &assembledqf, &rstr, request));
797   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&rstr));
798 
799   CeedSize assembled_length = 0, assembledqf_length = 0;
800   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetLength(assembled, &assembled_length));
801   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetLength(assembledqf, &assembledqf_length));
802   CeedInt use_ceedsize_idx = 0;
803   if ((assembled_length > INT_MAX) || (assembledqf_length > INT_MAX)) use_ceedsize_idx = 1;
804 
805   // Setup
806   if (!impl->diag) CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorAssembleDiagonalSetup_Hip(op, pointBlock, use_ceedsize_idx));
807   CeedOperatorDiag_Hip *diag = impl->diag;
808   assert(diag != NULL);
809 
810   // Restriction
811   if (pointBlock && !diag->pbdiagrstr) {
812     CeedElemRestriction pbdiagrstr;
813     CeedCallBackend(CreatePBRestriction(diag->diagrstr, &pbdiagrstr));
814     diag->pbdiagrstr = pbdiagrstr;
815   }
816   CeedElemRestriction diagrstr = pointBlock ? diag->pbdiagrstr : diag->diagrstr;
817 
818   // Create diagonal vector
819   CeedVector elemdiag = pointBlock ? diag->pbelemdiag : diag->elemdiag;
820   if (!elemdiag) {
821     // Element diagonal vector
822     CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionCreateVector(diagrstr, NULL, &elemdiag));
823     if (pointBlock) diag->pbelemdiag = elemdiag;
824     else diag->elemdiag = elemdiag;
825   }
826   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorSetValue(elemdiag, 0.0));
827 
828   // Assemble element operator diagonals
829   CeedScalar       *elemdiagarray;
830   const CeedScalar *assembledqfarray;
831   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetArray(elemdiag, CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &elemdiagarray));
832   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetArrayRead(assembledqf, CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &assembledqfarray));
833   CeedInt nelem;
834   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetNumElements(diagrstr, &nelem));
835 
836   // Compute the diagonal of B^T D B
837   int   elemsPerBlock = 1;
838   int   grid          = nelem / elemsPerBlock + ((nelem / elemsPerBlock * elemsPerBlock < nelem) ? 1 : 0);
839   void *args[]        = {(void *)&nelem,   &diag->d_identity, &diag->d_interpin, &diag->d_gradin,   &diag->d_interpout,
840                          &diag->d_gradout, &diag->d_emodein,  &diag->d_emodeout, &assembledqfarray, &elemdiagarray};
841   if (pointBlock) {
842     CeedCallBackend(CeedRunKernelDim_Hip(ceed, diag->linearPointBlock, grid, diag->nnodes, 1, elemsPerBlock, args));
843   } else {
844     CeedCallBackend(CeedRunKernelDim_Hip(ceed, diag->linearDiagonal, grid, diag->nnodes, 1, elemsPerBlock, args));
845   }
846 
847   // Restore arrays
848   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorRestoreArray(elemdiag, &elemdiagarray));
849   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorRestoreArrayRead(assembledqf, &assembledqfarray));
850 
851   // Assemble local operator diagonal
852   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionApply(diagrstr, CEED_TRANSPOSE, elemdiag, assembled, request));
853 
854   // Cleanup
855   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&assembledqf));
856 
857   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
858 }
859 
860 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
861 // Assemble Linear Diagonal
862 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
863 static int CeedOperatorLinearAssembleAddDiagonal_Hip(CeedOperator op, CeedVector assembled, CeedRequest *request) {
864   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorAssembleDiagonalCore_Hip(op, assembled, request, false));
865   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
866 }
867 
868 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
869 // Assemble Linear Point Block Diagonal
870 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
871 static int CeedOperatorLinearAssembleAddPointBlockDiagonal_Hip(CeedOperator op, CeedVector assembled, CeedRequest *request) {
872   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorAssembleDiagonalCore_Hip(op, assembled, request, true));
873   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
874 }
875 
876 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
877 // Single operator assembly setup
878 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
879 static int CeedSingleOperatorAssembleSetup_Hip(CeedOperator op, CeedInt use_ceedsize_idx) {
880   Ceed ceed;
881   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetCeed(op, &ceed));
882   CeedOperator_Hip *impl;
883   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetData(op, &impl));
884 
885   // Get intput and output fields
886   CeedInt            num_input_fields, num_output_fields;
887   CeedOperatorField *input_fields;
888   CeedOperatorField *output_fields;
889   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetFields(op, &num_input_fields, &input_fields, &num_output_fields, &output_fields));
890 
891   // Determine active input basis eval mode
892   CeedQFunction qf;
893   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetQFunction(op, &qf));
894   CeedQFunctionField *qf_fields;
895   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionGetFields(qf, NULL, &qf_fields, NULL, NULL));
896   // Note that the kernel will treat each dimension of a gradient action separately;
897   // i.e., when an active input has a CEED_EVAL_GRAD mode, num_emode_in will increment by dim.
898   // However, for the purposes of loading the B matrices, it will be treated as one mode, and we will load/copy the entire gradient matrix at once, so
899   // num_B_in_mats_to_load will be incremented by 1.
900   CeedInt             num_emode_in = 0, dim = 1, num_B_in_mats_to_load = 0, size_B_in = 0;
901   CeedEvalMode       *eval_mode_in = NULL;  // will be of size num_B_in_mats_load
902   CeedBasis           basis_in     = NULL;
903   CeedInt             nqpts = 0, esize = 0;
904   CeedElemRestriction rstr_in = NULL;
905   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_input_fields; i++) {
906     CeedVector vec;
907     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(input_fields[i], &vec));
908     if (vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) {
909       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(input_fields[i], &basis_in));
910       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetDimension(basis_in, &dim));
911       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumQuadraturePoints(basis_in, &nqpts));
912       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(input_fields[i], &rstr_in));
913       CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetElementSize(rstr_in, &esize));
914       CeedEvalMode eval_mode;
915       CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_fields[i], &eval_mode));
916       if (eval_mode != CEED_EVAL_NONE) {
917         CeedCallBackend(CeedRealloc(num_B_in_mats_to_load + 1, &eval_mode_in));
918         eval_mode_in[num_B_in_mats_to_load] = eval_mode;
919         num_B_in_mats_to_load += 1;
920         if (eval_mode == CEED_EVAL_GRAD) {
921           num_emode_in += dim;
922           size_B_in += dim * esize * nqpts;
923         } else {
924           num_emode_in += 1;
925           size_B_in += esize * nqpts;
926         }
927       }
928     }
929   }
930 
931   // Determine active output basis; basis_out and rstr_out only used if same as input, TODO
932   CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionGetFields(qf, NULL, NULL, NULL, &qf_fields));
933   CeedInt             num_emode_out = 0, num_B_out_mats_to_load = 0, size_B_out = 0;
934   CeedEvalMode       *eval_mode_out = NULL;
935   CeedBasis           basis_out     = NULL;
936   CeedElemRestriction rstr_out      = NULL;
937   for (CeedInt i = 0; i < num_output_fields; i++) {
938     CeedVector vec;
939     CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(output_fields[i], &vec));
940     if (vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) {
941       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(output_fields[i], &basis_out));
942       CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(output_fields[i], &rstr_out));
943       CeedCheck(!rstr_out || rstr_out == rstr_in, ceed, CEED_ERROR_BACKEND, "Backend does not implement multi-field non-composite operator assembly");
944       CeedEvalMode eval_mode;
945       CeedCallBackend(CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf_fields[i], &eval_mode));
946       if (eval_mode != CEED_EVAL_NONE) {
947         CeedCallBackend(CeedRealloc(num_B_out_mats_to_load + 1, &eval_mode_out));
948         eval_mode_out[num_B_out_mats_to_load] = eval_mode;
949         num_B_out_mats_to_load += 1;
950         if (eval_mode == CEED_EVAL_GRAD) {
951           num_emode_out += dim;
952           size_B_out += dim * esize * nqpts;
953         } else {
954           num_emode_out += 1;
955           size_B_out += esize * nqpts;
956         }
957       }
958     }
959   }
960 
961   CeedCheck(num_emode_in > 0 && num_emode_out > 0, ceed, CEED_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED, "Cannot assemble operator without inputs/outputs");
962 
963   CeedInt nelem, ncomp;
964   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetNumElements(rstr_in, &nelem));
965   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionGetNumComponents(rstr_in, &ncomp));
966 
967   CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(1, &impl->asmb));
968   CeedOperatorAssemble_Hip *asmb = impl->asmb;
969   asmb->nelem                    = nelem;
970 
971   // Compile kernels
972   int elemsPerBlock   = 1;
973   asmb->elemsPerBlock = elemsPerBlock;
974   CeedInt block_size  = esize * esize * elemsPerBlock;
975   char   *assembly_kernel_path, *assembly_kernel_source;
976   CeedCallBackend(CeedGetJitAbsolutePath(ceed, "ceed/jit-source/hip/hip-ref-operator-assemble.h", &assembly_kernel_path));
977   CeedDebug256(ceed, CEED_DEBUG_COLOR_SUCCESS, "----- Loading Assembly Kernel Source -----\n");
978   CeedCallBackend(CeedLoadSourceToBuffer(ceed, assembly_kernel_path, &assembly_kernel_source));
979   CeedDebug256(ceed, CEED_DEBUG_COLOR_SUCCESS, "----- Loading Assembly Source Complete! -----\n");
980   bool fallback = block_size > 1024;
981   if (fallback) {  // Use fallback kernel with 1D threadblock
982     block_size         = esize * elemsPerBlock;
983     asmb->block_size_x = esize;
984     asmb->block_size_y = 1;
985   } else {  // Use kernel with 2D threadblock
986     asmb->block_size_x = esize;
987     asmb->block_size_y = esize;
988   }
989   CeedCallBackend(CeedCompile_Hip(ceed, assembly_kernel_source, &asmb->module, 8, "NELEM", nelem, "NUMEMODEIN", num_emode_in, "NUMEMODEOUT",
990                                   num_emode_out, "NQPTS", nqpts, "NNODES", esize, "BLOCK_SIZE", block_size, "NCOMP", ncomp, "CEEDSIZE",
991                                   use_ceedsize_idx));
992   CeedCallBackend(CeedGetKernel_Hip(ceed, asmb->module, fallback ? "linearAssembleFallback" : "linearAssemble", &asmb->linearAssemble));
993   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&assembly_kernel_path));
994   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&assembly_kernel_source));
995 
996   // Build 'full' B matrices (not 1D arrays used for tensor-product matrices)
997   const CeedScalar *interp_in, *grad_in;
998   CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetInterp(basis_in, &interp_in));
999   CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetGrad(basis_in, &grad_in));
1000 
1001   // Load into B_in, in order that they will be used in eval_mode
1002   const CeedInt inBytes   = size_B_in * sizeof(CeedScalar);
1003   CeedInt       mat_start = 0;
1004   CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMalloc((void **)&asmb->d_B_in, inBytes));
1005   for (int i = 0; i < num_B_in_mats_to_load; i++) {
1006     CeedEvalMode eval_mode = eval_mode_in[i];
1007     if (eval_mode == CEED_EVAL_INTERP) {
1008       CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMemcpy(&asmb->d_B_in[mat_start], interp_in, esize * nqpts * sizeof(CeedScalar), hipMemcpyHostToDevice));
1009       mat_start += esize * nqpts;
1010     } else if (eval_mode == CEED_EVAL_GRAD) {
1011       CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMemcpy(&asmb->d_B_in[mat_start], grad_in, dim * esize * nqpts * sizeof(CeedScalar), hipMemcpyHostToDevice));
1012       mat_start += dim * esize * nqpts;
1013     }
1014   }
1015 
1016   const CeedScalar *interp_out, *grad_out;
1017   // Note that this function currently assumes 1 basis, so this should always be true
1018   // for now
1019   if (basis_out == basis_in) {
1020     interp_out = interp_in;
1021     grad_out   = grad_in;
1022   } else {
1023     CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetInterp(basis_out, &interp_out));
1024     CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetGrad(basis_out, &grad_out));
1025   }
1026 
1027   // Load into B_out, in order that they will be used in eval_mode
1028   const CeedInt outBytes = size_B_out * sizeof(CeedScalar);
1029   mat_start              = 0;
1030   CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMalloc((void **)&asmb->d_B_out, outBytes));
1031   for (int i = 0; i < num_B_out_mats_to_load; i++) {
1032     CeedEvalMode eval_mode = eval_mode_out[i];
1033     if (eval_mode == CEED_EVAL_INTERP) {
1034       CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMemcpy(&asmb->d_B_out[mat_start], interp_out, esize * nqpts * sizeof(CeedScalar), hipMemcpyHostToDevice));
1035       mat_start += esize * nqpts;
1036     } else if (eval_mode == CEED_EVAL_GRAD) {
1037       CeedCallHip(ceed, hipMemcpy(&asmb->d_B_out[mat_start], grad_out, dim * esize * nqpts * sizeof(CeedScalar), hipMemcpyHostToDevice));
1038       mat_start += dim * esize * nqpts;
1039     }
1040   }
1041   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
1042 }
1043 
1044 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1045 // Assemble matrix data for COO matrix of assembled operator.
1046 // The sparsity pattern is set by CeedOperatorLinearAssembleSymbolic.
1047 //
1048 // Note that this (and other assembly routines) currently assume only one active input restriction/basis per operator (could have multiple basis eval
1049 // modes).
1050 // TODO: allow multiple active input restrictions/basis objects
1051 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1052 static int CeedSingleOperatorAssemble_Hip(CeedOperator op, CeedInt offset, CeedVector values) {
1053   Ceed ceed;
1054   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetCeed(op, &ceed));
1055   CeedOperator_Hip *impl;
1056   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetData(op, &impl));
1057 
1058   // Assemble QFunction
1059   CeedVector          assembled_qf = NULL;
1060   CeedElemRestriction rstr_q       = NULL;
1061   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorLinearAssembleQFunctionBuildOrUpdate(op, &assembled_qf, &rstr_q, CEED_REQUEST_IMMEDIATE));
1062   CeedCallBackend(CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&rstr_q));
1063   CeedScalar *values_array;
1064   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetArray(values, CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &values_array));
1065   values_array += offset;
1066   const CeedScalar *qf_array;
1067   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetArrayRead(assembled_qf, CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &qf_array));
1068 
1069   CeedSize values_length = 0, assembled_qf_length = 0;
1070   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetLength(values, &values_length));
1071   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetLength(assembled_qf, &assembled_qf_length));
1072   CeedInt use_ceedsize_idx = 0;
1073   if ((values_length > INT_MAX) || (assembled_qf_length > INT_MAX)) use_ceedsize_idx = 1;
1074   // Setup
1075   if (!impl->asmb) {
1076     CeedCallBackend(CeedSingleOperatorAssembleSetup_Hip(op, use_ceedsize_idx));
1077     assert(impl->asmb != NULL);
1078   }
1079 
1080   // Compute B^T D B
1081   const CeedInt nelem         = impl->asmb->nelem;
1082   const CeedInt elemsPerBlock = impl->asmb->elemsPerBlock;
1083   const CeedInt grid          = nelem / elemsPerBlock + ((nelem / elemsPerBlock * elemsPerBlock < nelem) ? 1 : 0);
1084   void         *args[]        = {&impl->asmb->d_B_in, &impl->asmb->d_B_out, &qf_array, &values_array};
1085   CeedCallBackend(
1086       CeedRunKernelDim_Hip(ceed, impl->asmb->linearAssemble, grid, impl->asmb->block_size_x, impl->asmb->block_size_y, elemsPerBlock, args));
1087 
1088   // Restore arrays
1089   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorRestoreArray(values, &values_array));
1090   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorRestoreArrayRead(assembled_qf, &qf_array));
1091 
1092   // Cleanup
1093   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorDestroy(&assembled_qf));
1094 
1095   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
1096 }
1097 
1098 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1099 // Create operator
1100 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1101 int CeedOperatorCreate_Hip(CeedOperator op) {
1102   Ceed ceed;
1103   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorGetCeed(op, &ceed));
1104   CeedOperator_Hip *impl;
1105 
1106   CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(1, &impl));
1107   CeedCallBackend(CeedOperatorSetData(op, impl));
1108 
1109   CeedCallBackend(CeedSetBackendFunction(ceed, "Operator", op, "LinearAssembleQFunction", CeedOperatorLinearAssembleQFunction_Hip));
1110   CeedCallBackend(CeedSetBackendFunction(ceed, "Operator", op, "LinearAssembleQFunctionUpdate", CeedOperatorLinearAssembleQFunctionUpdate_Hip));
1111   CeedCallBackend(CeedSetBackendFunction(ceed, "Operator", op, "LinearAssembleAddDiagonal", CeedOperatorLinearAssembleAddDiagonal_Hip));
1112   CeedCallBackend(
1113       CeedSetBackendFunction(ceed, "Operator", op, "LinearAssembleAddPointBlockDiagonal", CeedOperatorLinearAssembleAddPointBlockDiagonal_Hip));
1114   CeedCallBackend(CeedSetBackendFunction(ceed, "Operator", op, "LinearAssembleSingle", CeedSingleOperatorAssemble_Hip));
1115   CeedCallBackend(CeedSetBackendFunction(ceed, "Operator", op, "ApplyAdd", CeedOperatorApplyAdd_Hip));
1116   CeedCallBackend(CeedSetBackendFunction(ceed, "Operator", op, "Destroy", CeedOperatorDestroy_Hip));
1117   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
1118 }
1119 
1120 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1121