xref: /libCEED/examples/fluids/navierstokes.c (revision 3661185ec24cb7db8be31791839e73c243a7fbe2)
1 // Copyright (c) 2017, Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC. Produced at
2 // the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. LLNL-CODE-734707. All Rights
3 // reserved. See files LICENSE and NOTICE for details.
4 //
5 // This file is part of CEED, a collection of benchmarks, miniapps, software
6 // libraries and APIs for efficient high-order finite element and spectral
7 // element discretizations for exascale applications. For more information and
8 // source code availability see http://github.com/ceed.
9 //
10 // The CEED research is supported by the Exascale Computing Project 17-SC-20-SC,
11 // a collaborative effort of two U.S. Department of Energy organizations (Office
12 // of Science and the National Nuclear Security Administration) responsible for
13 // the planning and preparation of a capable exascale ecosystem, including
14 // software, applications, hardware, advanced system engineering and early
15 // testbed platforms, in support of the nation's exascale computing imperative.
16 
17 //                        libCEED + PETSc Example: Navier-Stokes
18 //
19 // This example demonstrates a simple usage of libCEED with PETSc to solve a
20 // Navier-Stokes problem.
21 //
22 // The code is intentionally "raw", using only low-level communication
23 // primitives.
24 //
25 // Build with:
26 //
27 //     make [PETSC_DIR=</path/to/petsc>] [CEED_DIR=</path/to/libceed>] navierstokes
28 //
29 // Sample runs:
30 //
31 //     ./navierstokes -ceed /cpu/self -problem density_current -degree 1
32 //     ./navierstokes -ceed /gpu/occa -problem advection -degree 1
33 //
34 //TESTARGS -ceed {ceed_resource} -test -degree 1
35 
36 /// @file
37 /// Navier-Stokes example using PETSc
38 
39 const char help[] = "Solve Navier-Stokes using PETSc and libCEED\n";
40 
41 #include <petscts.h>
42 #include <petscdmplex.h>
43 #include <ceed.h>
44 #include <stdbool.h>
45 #include <petscsys.h>
46 #include "common.h"
47 #include "advection.h"
48 #include "advection2d.h"
49 #include "densitycurrent.h"
50 
51 // Problem Options
52 typedef enum {
53   NS_DENSITY_CURRENT = 0,
54   NS_ADVECTION = 1,
55   NS_ADVECTION2D = 2,
56 } problemType;
57 static const char *const problemTypes[] = {
58   "density_current",
59   "advection",
60   "advection2d",
61   "problemType","NS_",0
62 };
63 
64 typedef enum {
65   STAB_NONE = 0,
66   STAB_SU = 1,   // Streamline Upwind
67   STAB_SUPG = 2, // Streamline Upwind Petrov-Galerkin
68 } StabilizationType;
69 static const char *const StabilizationTypes[] = {
70   "NONE",
71   "SU",
72   "SUPG",
73   "StabilizationType", "STAB_", NULL
74 };
75 
76 // Problem specific data
77 typedef struct {
78   CeedInt dim, qdatasize;
79   CeedQFunctionUser setup, ics, apply_rhs, apply_ifunction;
80   PetscErrorCode (*bc)(PetscInt, PetscReal, const PetscReal[], PetscInt,
81                        PetscScalar[], void *);
82   const char *setup_loc, *ics_loc, *apply_rhs_loc, *apply_ifunction_loc;
83   const bool non_zero_time;
84 } problemData;
85 
86 problemData problemOptions[] = {
87   [NS_DENSITY_CURRENT] = {
88     .dim                 = 3,
89     .qdatasize           = 10,
90     .setup               = Setup,
91     .setup_loc           = Setup_loc,
92     .ics                 = ICsDC,
93     .ics_loc             = ICsDC_loc,
94     .apply_rhs           = DC,
95     .apply_rhs_loc       = DC_loc,
96     .apply_ifunction     = IFunction_DC,
97     .apply_ifunction_loc = IFunction_DC_loc,
98     .bc                  = Exact_DC,
99     .non_zero_time       = false,
100   },
101   [NS_ADVECTION] = {
102     .dim                 = 3,
103     .qdatasize           = 10,
104     .setup               = Setup,
105     .setup_loc           = Setup_loc,
106     .ics                 = ICsAdvection,
107     .ics_loc             = ICsAdvection_loc,
108     .apply_rhs           = Advection,
109     .apply_rhs_loc       = Advection_loc,
110     .apply_ifunction     = IFunction_Advection,
111     .apply_ifunction_loc = IFunction_Advection_loc,
112     .bc                  = Exact_Advection,
113     .non_zero_time       = true,
114   },
115   [NS_ADVECTION2D] = {
116     .dim                 = 2,
117     .qdatasize           = 5,
118     .setup               = Setup2d,
119     .setup_loc           = Setup2d_loc,
120     .ics                 = ICsAdvection2d,
121     .ics_loc             = ICsAdvection2d_loc,
122     .apply_rhs           = Advection2d,
123     .apply_rhs_loc       = Advection2d_loc,
124     .apply_ifunction     = IFunction_Advection2d,
125     .apply_ifunction_loc = IFunction_Advection2d_loc,
126     .bc                  = Exact_Advection2d,
127     .non_zero_time       = true,
128   },
129 };
130 
131 // PETSc user data
132 typedef struct User_ *User;
133 typedef struct Units_ *Units;
134 
135 struct User_ {
136   MPI_Comm comm;
137   PetscInt outputfreq;
138   DM dm;
139   DM dmviz;
140   Mat interpviz;
141   Ceed ceed;
142   Units units;
143   CeedVector qceed, qdotceed, gceed;
144   CeedOperator op_rhs, op_ifunction;
145   Vec M;
146   char outputfolder[PETSC_MAX_PATH_LEN];
147   PetscInt contsteps;
148 };
149 
150 struct Units_ {
151   // fundamental units
152   PetscScalar meter;
153   PetscScalar kilogram;
154   PetscScalar second;
155   PetscScalar Kelvin;
156   // derived units
157   PetscScalar Pascal;
158   PetscScalar JperkgK;
159   PetscScalar mpersquareds;
160   PetscScalar WpermK;
161   PetscScalar kgpercubicm;
162   PetscScalar kgpersquaredms;
163   PetscScalar Joulepercubicm;
164 };
165 
166 typedef struct SimpleBC_ *SimpleBC;
167 struct SimpleBC_ {
168   PetscInt nwall, nslip[3];
169   PetscInt walls[10], slips[3][10];
170 };
171 
172 // Essential BC dofs are encoded in closure indices as -(i+1).
173 static PetscInt Involute(PetscInt i) {
174   return i >= 0 ? i : -(i+1);
175 }
176 
177 // Utility function to create local CEED restriction
178 static PetscErrorCode CreateRestrictionFromPlex(Ceed ceed, DM dm, CeedInt P,
179     CeedElemRestriction *Erestrict) {
180 
181   PetscSection   section;
182   PetscInt       c, cStart, cEnd, Nelem, Ndof, *erestrict, eoffset, nfields, dim;
183   PetscErrorCode ierr;
184   Vec Uloc;
185 
186   PetscFunctionBeginUser;
187   ierr = DMGetDimension(dm, &dim); CHKERRQ(ierr);
188   ierr = DMGetLocalSection(dm,&section); CHKERRQ(ierr);
189   ierr = PetscSectionGetNumFields(section, &nfields); CHKERRQ(ierr);
190   PetscInt ncomp[nfields], fieldoff[nfields+1];
191   fieldoff[0] = 0;
192   for (PetscInt f=0; f<nfields; f++) {
193     ierr = PetscSectionGetFieldComponents(section, f, &ncomp[f]); CHKERRQ(ierr);
194     fieldoff[f+1] = fieldoff[f] + ncomp[f];
195   }
196 
197   ierr = DMPlexGetHeightStratum(dm,0,&cStart,&cEnd); CHKERRQ(ierr);
198   Nelem = cEnd - cStart;
199   ierr = PetscMalloc1(Nelem*PetscPowInt(P, dim), &erestrict); CHKERRQ(ierr);
200   for (c=cStart,eoffset=0; c<cEnd; c++) {
201     PetscInt numindices, *indices, nnodes;
202     ierr = DMPlexGetClosureIndices(dm, section, section, c, &numindices,
203                                    &indices, NULL); CHKERRQ(ierr);
204     if (numindices % fieldoff[nfields]) SETERRQ1(PETSC_COMM_SELF,
205           PETSC_ERR_ARG_INCOMP, "Number of closure indices not compatible with Cell %D",
206           c);
207     nnodes = numindices / fieldoff[nfields];
208     for (PetscInt i=0; i<nnodes; i++) {
209       // Check that indices are blocked by node and thus can be coalesced as a single field with
210       // fieldoff[nfields] = sum(ncomp) components.
211       for (PetscInt f=0; f<nfields; f++) {
212         for (PetscInt j=0; j<ncomp[f]; j++) {
213           if (Involute(indices[fieldoff[f]*nnodes + i*ncomp[f] + j])
214               != Involute(indices[i*ncomp[0]]) + fieldoff[f] + j)
215             SETERRQ4(PETSC_COMM_SELF,PETSC_ERR_ARG_INCOMP,
216                      "Cell %D closure indices not interlaced for node %D field %D component %D",
217                      c, i, f, j);
218         }
219       }
220       // Essential boundary conditions are encoded as -(loc+1), but we don't care so we decode.
221       PetscInt loc = Involute(indices[i*ncomp[0]]);
222       erestrict[eoffset++] = loc;
223     }
224     ierr = DMPlexRestoreClosureIndices(dm, section, section, c, &numindices,
225                                        &indices, NULL); CHKERRQ(ierr);
226   }
227   if (eoffset != Nelem*PetscPowInt(P, dim)) SETERRQ3(PETSC_COMM_SELF,
228         PETSC_ERR_LIB,"ElemRestriction of size (%D,%D) initialized %D nodes", Nelem,
229         PetscPowInt(P, dim),eoffset);
230   ierr = DMGetLocalVector(dm, &Uloc); CHKERRQ(ierr);
231   ierr = VecGetLocalSize(Uloc, &Ndof); CHKERRQ(ierr);
232   ierr = DMRestoreLocalVector(dm, &Uloc); CHKERRQ(ierr);
233   CeedElemRestrictionCreate(ceed, Nelem, PetscPowInt(P, dim), fieldoff[nfields],
234                             1, Ndof, CEED_MEM_HOST, CEED_COPY_VALUES, erestrict,
235                             Erestrict);
236   ierr = PetscFree(erestrict); CHKERRQ(ierr);
237   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
238 }
239 
240 static int CreateVectorFromPetscVec(Ceed ceed, Vec p, CeedVector *v) {
241   PetscErrorCode ierr;
242   PetscInt m;
243 
244   PetscFunctionBeginUser;
245   ierr = VecGetLocalSize(p, &m); CHKERRQ(ierr);
246   ierr = CeedVectorCreate(ceed, m, v); CHKERRQ(ierr);
247   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
248 }
249 
250 static int VectorPlacePetscVec(CeedVector c, Vec p) {
251   PetscErrorCode ierr;
252   PetscInt mceed,mpetsc;
253   PetscScalar *a;
254 
255   PetscFunctionBeginUser;
256   ierr = CeedVectorGetLength(c, &mceed); CHKERRQ(ierr);
257   ierr = VecGetLocalSize(p, &mpetsc); CHKERRQ(ierr);
258   if (mceed != mpetsc) SETERRQ2(PETSC_COMM_SELF,PETSC_ERR_ARG_INCOMP,
259                                   "Cannot place PETSc Vec of length %D in CeedVector of length %D",mpetsc,mceed);
260   ierr = VecGetArray(p, &a); CHKERRQ(ierr);
261   CeedVectorSetArray(c, CEED_MEM_HOST, CEED_USE_POINTER, a);
262   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
263 }
264 
265 static PetscErrorCode DMPlexInsertBoundaryValues_NS(DM dm,
266     PetscBool insertEssential, Vec Qloc, PetscReal time, Vec faceGeomFVM,
267     Vec cellGeomFVM, Vec gradFVM) {
268   PetscErrorCode ierr;
269   Vec Qbc;
270 
271   PetscFunctionBegin;
272   ierr = DMGetNamedLocalVector(dm, "Qbc", &Qbc); CHKERRQ(ierr);
273   ierr = VecAXPY(Qloc, 1., Qbc); CHKERRQ(ierr);
274   ierr = DMRestoreNamedLocalVector(dm, "Qbc", &Qbc); CHKERRQ(ierr);
275   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
276 }
277 
278 // This is the RHS of the ODE, given as u_t = G(t,u)
279 // This function takes in a state vector Q and writes into G
280 static PetscErrorCode RHS_NS(TS ts, PetscReal t, Vec Q, Vec G, void *userData) {
281   PetscErrorCode ierr;
282   User user = *(User *)userData;
283   PetscScalar *q, *g;
284   Vec Qloc, Gloc;
285 
286   // Global-to-local
287   PetscFunctionBeginUser;
288   ierr = DMGetLocalVector(user->dm, &Qloc); CHKERRQ(ierr);
289   ierr = DMGetLocalVector(user->dm, &Gloc); CHKERRQ(ierr);
290   ierr = VecZeroEntries(Qloc); CHKERRQ(ierr);
291   ierr = DMGlobalToLocal(user->dm, Q, INSERT_VALUES, Qloc); CHKERRQ(ierr);
292   ierr = DMPlexInsertBoundaryValues(user->dm, PETSC_TRUE, Qloc, 0.0,
293                                     NULL, NULL, NULL); CHKERRQ(ierr);
294   ierr = VecZeroEntries(Gloc); CHKERRQ(ierr);
295 
296   // Ceed Vectors
297   ierr = VecGetArrayRead(Qloc, (const PetscScalar **)&q); CHKERRQ(ierr);
298   ierr = VecGetArray(Gloc, &g); CHKERRQ(ierr);
299   CeedVectorSetArray(user->qceed, CEED_MEM_HOST, CEED_USE_POINTER, q);
300   CeedVectorSetArray(user->gceed, CEED_MEM_HOST, CEED_USE_POINTER, g);
301 
302   // Apply CEED operator
303   CeedOperatorApply(user->op_rhs, user->qceed, user->gceed,
304                     CEED_REQUEST_IMMEDIATE);
305 
306   // Restore vectors
307   ierr = VecRestoreArrayRead(Qloc, (const PetscScalar **)&q); CHKERRQ(ierr);
308   ierr = VecRestoreArray(Gloc, &g); CHKERRQ(ierr);
309 
310   ierr = VecZeroEntries(G); CHKERRQ(ierr);
311   ierr = DMLocalToGlobal(user->dm, Gloc, ADD_VALUES, G); CHKERRQ(ierr);
312 
313   // Inverse of the lumped mass matrix
314   ierr = VecPointwiseMult(G, G, user->M); // M is Minv
315   CHKERRQ(ierr);
316 
317   ierr = DMRestoreLocalVector(user->dm, &Qloc); CHKERRQ(ierr);
318   ierr = DMRestoreLocalVector(user->dm, &Gloc); CHKERRQ(ierr);
319   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
320 }
321 
322 static PetscErrorCode IFunction_NS(TS ts, PetscReal t, Vec Q, Vec Qdot, Vec G,
323                                    void *userData) {
324   PetscErrorCode ierr;
325   User user = *(User *)userData;
326   const PetscScalar *q, *qdot;
327   PetscScalar *g;
328   Vec Qloc, Qdotloc, Gloc;
329 
330   // Global-to-local
331   PetscFunctionBeginUser;
332   ierr = DMGetLocalVector(user->dm, &Qloc); CHKERRQ(ierr);
333   ierr = DMGetLocalVector(user->dm, &Qdotloc); CHKERRQ(ierr);
334   ierr = DMGetLocalVector(user->dm, &Gloc); CHKERRQ(ierr);
335   ierr = VecZeroEntries(Qloc); CHKERRQ(ierr);
336   ierr = DMGlobalToLocal(user->dm, Q, INSERT_VALUES, Qloc); CHKERRQ(ierr);
337   ierr = DMPlexInsertBoundaryValues(user->dm, PETSC_TRUE, Qloc, 0.0,
338                                     NULL, NULL, NULL); CHKERRQ(ierr);
339   ierr = VecZeroEntries(Qdotloc); CHKERRQ(ierr);
340   ierr = DMGlobalToLocal(user->dm, Qdot, INSERT_VALUES, Qdotloc); CHKERRQ(ierr);
341   ierr = VecZeroEntries(Gloc); CHKERRQ(ierr);
342 
343   // Ceed Vectors
344   ierr = VecGetArrayRead(Qloc, &q); CHKERRQ(ierr);
345   ierr = VecGetArrayRead(Qdotloc, &qdot); CHKERRQ(ierr);
346   ierr = VecGetArray(Gloc, &g); CHKERRQ(ierr);
347   CeedVectorSetArray(user->qceed, CEED_MEM_HOST, CEED_USE_POINTER,
348                      (PetscScalar *)q);
349   CeedVectorSetArray(user->qdotceed, CEED_MEM_HOST, CEED_USE_POINTER,
350                      (PetscScalar *)qdot);
351   CeedVectorSetArray(user->gceed, CEED_MEM_HOST, CEED_USE_POINTER, g);
352 
353   // Apply CEED operator
354   CeedOperatorApply(user->op_ifunction, user->qceed, user->gceed,
355                     CEED_REQUEST_IMMEDIATE);
356 
357   // Restore vectors
358   ierr = VecRestoreArrayRead(Qloc, &q); CHKERRQ(ierr);
359   ierr = VecRestoreArrayRead(Qdotloc, &qdot); CHKERRQ(ierr);
360   ierr = VecRestoreArray(Gloc, &g); CHKERRQ(ierr);
361 
362   ierr = VecZeroEntries(G); CHKERRQ(ierr);
363   ierr = DMLocalToGlobal(user->dm, Gloc, ADD_VALUES, G); CHKERRQ(ierr);
364 
365   ierr = DMRestoreLocalVector(user->dm, &Qloc); CHKERRQ(ierr);
366   ierr = DMRestoreLocalVector(user->dm, &Qdotloc); CHKERRQ(ierr);
367   ierr = DMRestoreLocalVector(user->dm, &Gloc); CHKERRQ(ierr);
368   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
369 }
370 
371 // User provided TS Monitor
372 static PetscErrorCode TSMonitor_NS(TS ts, PetscInt stepno, PetscReal time,
373                                    Vec Q, void *ctx) {
374   User user = ctx;
375   Vec Qloc;
376   char filepath[PETSC_MAX_PATH_LEN];
377   PetscViewer viewer;
378   PetscErrorCode ierr;
379 
380   // Set up output
381   PetscFunctionBeginUser;
382   // Print every 'outputfreq' steps
383   if (stepno % user->outputfreq != 0)
384     PetscFunctionReturn(0);
385   ierr = DMGetLocalVector(user->dm, &Qloc); CHKERRQ(ierr);
386   ierr = PetscObjectSetName((PetscObject)Qloc, "StateVec"); CHKERRQ(ierr);
387   ierr = VecZeroEntries(Qloc); CHKERRQ(ierr);
388   ierr = DMGlobalToLocal(user->dm, Q, INSERT_VALUES, Qloc); CHKERRQ(ierr);
389 
390   // Output
391   ierr = PetscSNPrintf(filepath, sizeof filepath, "%s/ns-%03D.vtu",
392                        user->outputfolder, stepno + user->contsteps);
393   CHKERRQ(ierr);
394   ierr = PetscViewerVTKOpen(PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)Q), filepath,
395                             FILE_MODE_WRITE, &viewer); CHKERRQ(ierr);
396   ierr = VecView(Qloc, viewer); CHKERRQ(ierr);
397   if (user->dmviz) {
398     Vec Qrefined, Qrefined_loc;
399     char filepath_refined[PETSC_MAX_PATH_LEN];
400     PetscViewer viewer_refined;
401 
402     ierr = DMGetGlobalVector(user->dmviz, &Qrefined); CHKERRQ(ierr);
403     ierr = DMGetLocalVector(user->dmviz, &Qrefined_loc); CHKERRQ(ierr);
404     ierr = PetscObjectSetName((PetscObject)Qrefined_loc, "Refined");
405     CHKERRQ(ierr);
406     ierr = MatInterpolate(user->interpviz, Q, Qrefined); CHKERRQ(ierr);
407     ierr = VecZeroEntries(Qrefined_loc); CHKERRQ(ierr);
408     ierr = DMGlobalToLocal(user->dmviz, Qrefined, INSERT_VALUES, Qrefined_loc);
409     CHKERRQ(ierr);
410     ierr = PetscSNPrintf(filepath_refined, sizeof filepath_refined,
411                          "%s/nsrefined-%03D.vtu",
412                          user->outputfolder, stepno + user->contsteps);
413     CHKERRQ(ierr);
414     ierr = PetscViewerVTKOpen(PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)Qrefined),
415                               filepath_refined,
416                               FILE_MODE_WRITE, &viewer_refined); CHKERRQ(ierr);
417     ierr = VecView(Qrefined_loc, viewer_refined); CHKERRQ(ierr);
418     ierr = DMRestoreLocalVector(user->dmviz, &Qrefined_loc); CHKERRQ(ierr);
419     ierr = DMRestoreGlobalVector(user->dmviz, &Qrefined); CHKERRQ(ierr);
420     ierr = PetscViewerDestroy(&viewer_refined); CHKERRQ(ierr);
421   }
422   ierr = PetscViewerDestroy(&viewer); CHKERRQ(ierr);
423   ierr = DMRestoreLocalVector(user->dm, &Qloc); CHKERRQ(ierr);
424 
425   // Save data in a binary file for continuation of simulations
426   ierr = PetscSNPrintf(filepath, sizeof filepath, "%s/ns-solution.bin",
427                        user->outputfolder); CHKERRQ(ierr);
428   ierr = PetscViewerBinaryOpen(user->comm, filepath, FILE_MODE_WRITE, &viewer);
429   CHKERRQ(ierr);
430   ierr = VecView(Q, viewer); CHKERRQ(ierr);
431   ierr = PetscViewerDestroy(&viewer); CHKERRQ(ierr);
432 
433   // Save time stamp
434   // Dimensionalize time back
435   time /= user->units->second;
436   ierr = PetscSNPrintf(filepath, sizeof filepath, "%s/ns-time.bin",
437                        user->outputfolder); CHKERRQ(ierr);
438   ierr = PetscViewerBinaryOpen(user->comm, filepath, FILE_MODE_WRITE, &viewer);
439   CHKERRQ(ierr);
440   #if PETSC_VERSION_GE(3,13,0)
441   ierr = PetscViewerBinaryWrite(viewer, &time, 1, PETSC_REAL);
442   #else
443   ierr = PetscViewerBinaryWrite(viewer, &time, 1, PETSC_REAL, true);
444   #endif
445   CHKERRQ(ierr);
446   ierr = PetscViewerDestroy(&viewer); CHKERRQ(ierr);
447 
448   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
449 }
450 
451 static PetscErrorCode ICs_PetscMultiplicity(CeedOperator op_ics,
452     CeedVector xcorners, CeedVector q0ceed, DM dm, Vec Qloc, Vec Q,
453     CeedElemRestriction restrictq, SetupContext ctxSetup, CeedScalar time) {
454   PetscErrorCode ierr;
455   CeedVector multlvec;
456   Vec Multiplicity, MultiplicityLoc;
457 
458   ctxSetup->time = time;
459   ierr = VecZeroEntries(Qloc); CHKERRQ(ierr);
460   ierr = VectorPlacePetscVec(q0ceed, Qloc); CHKERRQ(ierr);
461   CeedOperatorApply(op_ics, xcorners, q0ceed, CEED_REQUEST_IMMEDIATE);
462   ierr = VecZeroEntries(Q); CHKERRQ(ierr);
463   ierr = DMLocalToGlobal(dm, Qloc, ADD_VALUES, Q); CHKERRQ(ierr);
464 
465   // Fix multiplicity for output of ICs
466   ierr = DMGetLocalVector(dm, &MultiplicityLoc); CHKERRQ(ierr);
467   CeedElemRestrictionCreateVector(restrictq, &multlvec, NULL);
468   ierr = VectorPlacePetscVec(multlvec, MultiplicityLoc); CHKERRQ(ierr);
469   CeedElemRestrictionGetMultiplicity(restrictq, multlvec);
470   CeedVectorDestroy(&multlvec);
471   ierr = DMGetGlobalVector(dm, &Multiplicity); CHKERRQ(ierr);
472   ierr = VecZeroEntries(Multiplicity); CHKERRQ(ierr);
473   ierr = DMLocalToGlobal(dm, MultiplicityLoc, ADD_VALUES, Multiplicity);
474   CHKERRQ(ierr);
475   ierr = VecPointwiseDivide(Q, Q, Multiplicity); CHKERRQ(ierr);
476   ierr = VecPointwiseDivide(Qloc, Qloc, MultiplicityLoc); CHKERRQ(ierr);
477   ierr = DMRestoreLocalVector(dm, &MultiplicityLoc); CHKERRQ(ierr);
478   ierr = DMRestoreGlobalVector(dm, &Multiplicity); CHKERRQ(ierr);
479 
480   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
481 }
482 
483 static PetscErrorCode ComputeLumpedMassMatrix(Ceed ceed, DM dm,
484     CeedElemRestriction restrictq, CeedBasis basisq,
485     CeedElemRestriction restrictqdi, CeedVector qdata, Vec M) {
486   PetscErrorCode ierr;
487   CeedQFunction qf_mass;
488   CeedOperator op_mass;
489   CeedVector mceed;
490   Vec Mloc;
491   CeedInt ncompq, qdatasize;
492 
493   PetscFunctionBeginUser;
494   CeedElemRestrictionGetNumComponents(restrictq, &ncompq);
495   CeedElemRestrictionGetNumComponents(restrictqdi, &qdatasize);
496   // Create the Q-function that defines the action of the mass operator
497   CeedQFunctionCreateInterior(ceed, 1, Mass, Mass_loc, &qf_mass);
498   CeedQFunctionAddInput(qf_mass, "q", ncompq, CEED_EVAL_INTERP);
499   CeedQFunctionAddInput(qf_mass, "qdata", qdatasize, CEED_EVAL_NONE);
500   CeedQFunctionAddOutput(qf_mass, "v", ncompq, CEED_EVAL_INTERP);
501 
502   // Create the mass operator
503   CeedOperatorCreate(ceed, qf_mass, NULL, NULL, &op_mass);
504   CeedOperatorSetField(op_mass, "q", restrictq, basisq, CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE);
505   CeedOperatorSetField(op_mass, "qdata", restrictqdi,
506                        CEED_BASIS_COLLOCATED, qdata);
507   CeedOperatorSetField(op_mass, "v", restrictq, basisq, CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE);
508 
509   ierr = DMGetLocalVector(dm, &Mloc); CHKERRQ(ierr);
510   ierr = VecZeroEntries(Mloc); CHKERRQ(ierr);
511   CeedElemRestrictionCreateVector(restrictq, &mceed, NULL);
512   ierr = VectorPlacePetscVec(mceed, Mloc); CHKERRQ(ierr);
513 
514   {
515     // Compute a lumped mass matrix
516     CeedVector onesvec;
517     CeedElemRestrictionCreateVector(restrictq, &onesvec, NULL);
518     CeedVectorSetValue(onesvec, 1.0);
519     CeedOperatorApply(op_mass, onesvec, mceed, CEED_REQUEST_IMMEDIATE);
520     CeedVectorDestroy(&onesvec);
521     CeedOperatorDestroy(&op_mass);
522     CeedVectorDestroy(&mceed);
523   }
524   CeedQFunctionDestroy(&qf_mass);
525 
526   ierr = VecZeroEntries(M); CHKERRQ(ierr);
527   ierr = DMLocalToGlobal(dm, Mloc, ADD_VALUES, M); CHKERRQ(ierr);
528   ierr = DMRestoreLocalVector(dm, &Mloc); CHKERRQ(ierr);
529 
530   // Invert diagonally lumped mass vector for RHS function
531   ierr = VecReciprocal(M); CHKERRQ(ierr);
532   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
533 }
534 
535 PetscErrorCode SetUpDM(DM dm, problemData *problem, PetscInt degree,
536                        SimpleBC bc, void *ctxSetup) {
537   PetscErrorCode ierr;
538 
539   PetscFunctionBeginUser;
540   {
541     // Configure the finite element space and boundary conditions
542     PetscFE fe;
543     PetscSpace fespace;
544     PetscInt ncompq = 5;
545     ierr = PetscFECreateLagrange(PETSC_COMM_SELF, problem->dim, ncompq,
546                                  PETSC_FALSE, degree, PETSC_DECIDE,
547                                  &fe);
548     ierr = PetscObjectSetName((PetscObject)fe, "Q"); CHKERRQ(ierr);
549     ierr = DMAddField(dm,NULL,(PetscObject)fe); CHKERRQ(ierr);
550     ierr = DMCreateDS(dm); CHKERRQ(ierr);
551     /* Wall boundary conditions are zero velocity and zero flux for density and energy */
552     {
553       PetscInt comps[3] = {1, 2, 3};
554       ierr = DMAddBoundary(dm, DM_BC_ESSENTIAL, "wall", "Face Sets", 0,
555                            3, comps, (void(*)(void))problem->bc,
556                            bc->nwall, bc->walls, ctxSetup); CHKERRQ(ierr);
557     }
558     {
559       PetscInt comps[1] = {1};
560       ierr = DMAddBoundary(dm, DM_BC_ESSENTIAL, "slipx", "Face Sets", 0,
561                            1, comps, (void(*)(void))NULL, bc->nslip[0],
562                            bc->slips[0], ctxSetup); CHKERRQ(ierr);
563       comps[0] = 2;
564       ierr = DMAddBoundary(dm, DM_BC_ESSENTIAL, "slipy", "Face Sets", 0,
565                            1, comps, (void(*)(void))NULL, bc->nslip[1],
566                            bc->slips[1], ctxSetup); CHKERRQ(ierr);
567       comps[0] = 3;
568       ierr = DMAddBoundary(dm, DM_BC_ESSENTIAL, "slipz", "Face Sets", 0,
569                            1, comps, (void(*)(void))NULL, bc->nslip[2],
570                            bc->slips[2], ctxSetup); CHKERRQ(ierr);
571     }
572     ierr = DMPlexSetClosurePermutationTensor(dm,PETSC_DETERMINE,NULL);
573     CHKERRQ(ierr);
574     ierr = PetscFEGetBasisSpace(fe, &fespace); CHKERRQ(ierr);
575     ierr = PetscFEDestroy(&fe); CHKERRQ(ierr);
576   }
577   {
578     // Empty name for conserved field (because there is only one field)
579     PetscSection section;
580     ierr = DMGetLocalSection(dm, &section); CHKERRQ(ierr);
581     ierr = PetscSectionSetFieldName(section, 0, ""); CHKERRQ(ierr);
582     ierr = PetscSectionSetComponentName(section, 0, 0, "Density");
583     CHKERRQ(ierr);
584     ierr = PetscSectionSetComponentName(section, 0, 1, "MomentumX");
585     CHKERRQ(ierr);
586     ierr = PetscSectionSetComponentName(section, 0, 2, "MomentumY");
587     CHKERRQ(ierr);
588     ierr = PetscSectionSetComponentName(section, 0, 3, "MomentumZ");
589     CHKERRQ(ierr);
590     ierr = PetscSectionSetComponentName(section, 0, 4, "EnergyDensity");
591     CHKERRQ(ierr);
592   }
593   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
594 }
595 
596 int main(int argc, char **argv) {
597   PetscInt ierr;
598   MPI_Comm comm;
599   DM dm, dmcoord, dmviz, dmvizfine;
600   Mat interpviz;
601   TS ts;
602   TSAdapt adapt;
603   User user;
604   Units units;
605   char ceedresource[4096] = "/cpu/self";
606   PetscInt cStart, cEnd, localNelem, lnodes, steps;
607   const PetscInt ncompq = 5;
608   PetscMPIInt rank;
609   PetscScalar ftime;
610   Vec Q, Qloc, Xloc;
611   Ceed ceed;
612   CeedInt numP, numQ;
613   CeedVector xcorners, qdata, q0ceed;
614   CeedBasis basisx, basisxc, basisq;
615   CeedElemRestriction restrictx, restrictxcoord, restrictq, restrictqdi;
616   CeedQFunction qf_setup, qf_ics, qf_rhs, qf_ifunction;
617   CeedOperator op_setup, op_ics;
618   CeedScalar Rd;
619   PetscScalar WpermK, Pascal, JperkgK, mpersquareds, kgpercubicm,
620               kgpersquaredms, Joulepercubicm;
621   problemType problemChoice;
622   problemData *problem = NULL;
623   StabilizationType stab;
624   PetscBool   test, implicit;
625   PetscInt    viz_refine = 0;
626   struct SimpleBC_ bc = {
627     .nwall = 6,
628     .walls = {1,2,3,4,5,6},
629   };
630   double start, cpu_time_used;
631 
632   // Create the libCEED contexts
633   PetscScalar meter     = 1e-2;     // 1 meter in scaled length units
634   PetscScalar second    = 1e-2;     // 1 second in scaled time units
635   PetscScalar kilogram  = 1e-6;     // 1 kilogram in scaled mass units
636   PetscScalar Kelvin    = 1;        // 1 Kelvin in scaled temperature units
637   CeedScalar theta0     = 300.;     // K
638   CeedScalar thetaC     = -15.;     // K
639   CeedScalar P0         = 1.e5;     // Pa
640   CeedScalar N          = 0.01;     // 1/s
641   CeedScalar cv         = 717.;     // J/(kg K)
642   CeedScalar cp         = 1004.;    // J/(kg K)
643   CeedScalar g          = 9.81;     // m/s^2
644   CeedScalar lambda     = -2./3.;   // -
645   CeedScalar mu         = 75.;      // Pa s, dynamic viscosity
646   // mu = 75 is not physical for air, but is good for numerical stability
647   CeedScalar k          = 0.02638;  // W/(m K)
648   CeedScalar CtauS      = 0.;       // dimensionless
649   CeedScalar strong_form = 0.;      // [0,1]
650   PetscScalar lx        = 8000.;    // m
651   PetscScalar ly        = 8000.;    // m
652   PetscScalar lz        = 4000.;    // m
653   CeedScalar rc         = 1000.;    // m (Radius of bubble)
654   PetscScalar resx      = 1000.;    // m (resolution in x)
655   PetscScalar resy      = 1000.;    // m (resolution in y)
656   PetscScalar resz      = 1000.;    // m (resolution in z)
657   PetscInt outputfreq   = 10;       // -
658   PetscInt contsteps    = 0;        // -
659   PetscInt degree       = 1;        // -
660   PetscInt qextra       = 2;        // -
661   DMBoundaryType periodicity[] = {DM_BOUNDARY_NONE, DM_BOUNDARY_NONE,
662                                   DM_BOUNDARY_NONE
663                                  };
664   PetscReal center[3], dc_axis[3] = {0, 0, 0};
665 
666   ierr = PetscInitialize(&argc, &argv, NULL, help);
667   if (ierr) return ierr;
668 
669   // Allocate PETSc context
670   ierr = PetscCalloc1(1, &user); CHKERRQ(ierr);
671   ierr = PetscMalloc1(1, &units); CHKERRQ(ierr);
672 
673   // Parse command line options
674   comm = PETSC_COMM_WORLD;
675   ierr = PetscOptionsBegin(comm, NULL, "Navier-Stokes in PETSc with libCEED",
676                            NULL); CHKERRQ(ierr);
677   ierr = PetscOptionsString("-ceed", "CEED resource specifier",
678                             NULL, ceedresource, ceedresource,
679                             sizeof(ceedresource), NULL); CHKERRQ(ierr);
680   ierr = PetscOptionsBool("-test", "Run in test mode",
681                           NULL, test=PETSC_FALSE, &test, NULL); CHKERRQ(ierr);
682   problemChoice = NS_DENSITY_CURRENT;
683   ierr = PetscOptionsEnum("-problem", "Problem to solve", NULL,
684                           problemTypes, (PetscEnum)problemChoice,
685                           (PetscEnum *)&problemChoice, NULL); CHKERRQ(ierr);
686   problem = &problemOptions[problemChoice];
687   ierr = PetscOptionsEnum("-stab", "Stabilization method", NULL,
688                           StabilizationTypes, (PetscEnum)(stab = STAB_NONE),
689                           (PetscEnum *)&stab, NULL); CHKERRQ(ierr);
690   ierr = PetscOptionsBool("-implicit", "Use implicit (IFunction) formulation",
691                           NULL, implicit=PETSC_FALSE, &implicit, NULL);
692   CHKERRQ(ierr);
693   {
694     PetscInt len;
695     PetscBool flg;
696     ierr = PetscOptionsIntArray("-bc_wall",
697                                 "Use wall boundary conditions on this list of faces",
698                                 NULL, bc.walls,
699                                 (len = sizeof(bc.walls) / sizeof(bc.walls[0]),
700                                  &len), &flg); CHKERRQ(ierr);
701     if (flg) bc.nwall = len;
702     for (PetscInt j=0; j<3; j++) {
703       const char *flags[3] = {"-bc_slip_x", "-bc_slip_y", "-bc_slip_z"};
704       ierr = PetscOptionsIntArray(flags[j],
705                                   "Use slip boundary conditions on this list of faces",
706                                   NULL, bc.slips[j],
707                                   (len = sizeof(bc.slips[j]) / sizeof(bc.slips[j][0]),
708                                    &len), &flg);
709       CHKERRQ(ierr);
710       if (flg) bc.nslip[j] = len;
711     }
712   }
713   ierr = PetscOptionsInt("-viz_refine",
714                          "Regular refinement levels for visualization",
715                          NULL, viz_refine, &viz_refine, NULL);
716   CHKERRQ(ierr);
717   ierr = PetscOptionsScalar("-units_meter", "1 meter in scaled length units",
718                             NULL, meter, &meter, NULL); CHKERRQ(ierr);
719   meter = fabs(meter);
720   ierr = PetscOptionsScalar("-units_second","1 second in scaled time units",
721                             NULL, second, &second, NULL); CHKERRQ(ierr);
722   second = fabs(second);
723   ierr = PetscOptionsScalar("-units_kilogram","1 kilogram in scaled mass units",
724                             NULL, kilogram, &kilogram, NULL); CHKERRQ(ierr);
725   kilogram = fabs(kilogram);
726   ierr = PetscOptionsScalar("-units_Kelvin",
727                             "1 Kelvin in scaled temperature units",
728                             NULL, Kelvin, &Kelvin, NULL); CHKERRQ(ierr);
729   Kelvin = fabs(Kelvin);
730   ierr = PetscOptionsScalar("-theta0", "Reference potential temperature",
731                             NULL, theta0, &theta0, NULL); CHKERRQ(ierr);
732   ierr = PetscOptionsScalar("-thetaC", "Perturbation of potential temperature",
733                             NULL, thetaC, &thetaC, NULL); CHKERRQ(ierr);
734   ierr = PetscOptionsScalar("-P0", "Atmospheric pressure",
735                             NULL, P0, &P0, NULL); CHKERRQ(ierr);
736   ierr = PetscOptionsScalar("-N", "Brunt-Vaisala frequency",
737                             NULL, N, &N, NULL); CHKERRQ(ierr);
738   ierr = PetscOptionsScalar("-cv", "Heat capacity at constant volume",
739                             NULL, cv, &cv, NULL); CHKERRQ(ierr);
740   ierr = PetscOptionsScalar("-cp", "Heat capacity at constant pressure",
741                             NULL, cp, &cp, NULL); CHKERRQ(ierr);
742   ierr = PetscOptionsScalar("-g", "Gravitational acceleration",
743                             NULL, g, &g, NULL); CHKERRQ(ierr);
744   ierr = PetscOptionsScalar("-lambda",
745                             "Stokes hypothesis second viscosity coefficient",
746                             NULL, lambda, &lambda, NULL); CHKERRQ(ierr);
747   ierr = PetscOptionsScalar("-mu", "Shear dynamic viscosity coefficient",
748                             NULL, mu, &mu, NULL); CHKERRQ(ierr);
749   ierr = PetscOptionsScalar("-k", "Thermal conductivity",
750                             NULL, k, &k, NULL); CHKERRQ(ierr);
751   ierr = PetscOptionsScalar("-CtauS",
752                             "Scale coefficient for tau (nondimensional)",
753                             NULL, CtauS, &CtauS, NULL); CHKERRQ(ierr);
754   ierr = PetscOptionsScalar("-strong_form",
755                             "Strong (1) or weak/integrated by parts (0) advection residual",
756                             NULL, strong_form, &strong_form, NULL);
757   CHKERRQ(ierr);
758   ierr = PetscOptionsScalar("-lx", "Length scale in x direction",
759                             NULL, lx, &lx, NULL); CHKERRQ(ierr);
760   ierr = PetscOptionsScalar("-ly", "Length scale in y direction",
761                             NULL, ly, &ly, NULL); CHKERRQ(ierr);
762   ierr = PetscOptionsScalar("-lz", "Length scale in z direction",
763                             NULL, lz, &lz, NULL); CHKERRQ(ierr);
764   ierr = PetscOptionsScalar("-rc", "Characteristic radius of thermal bubble",
765                             NULL, rc, &rc, NULL); CHKERRQ(ierr);
766   ierr = PetscOptionsScalar("-resx","Target resolution in x",
767                             NULL, resx, &resx, NULL); CHKERRQ(ierr);
768   ierr = PetscOptionsScalar("-resy","Target resolution in y",
769                             NULL, resy, &resy, NULL); CHKERRQ(ierr);
770   ierr = PetscOptionsScalar("-resz","Target resolution in z",
771                             NULL, resz, &resz, NULL); CHKERRQ(ierr);
772   PetscInt n = problem->dim;
773   ierr = PetscOptionsEnumArray("-periodicity", "Periodicity per direction",
774                                NULL, DMBoundaryTypes, (PetscEnum *)periodicity,
775                                &n, NULL); CHKERRQ(ierr);
776   n = problem->dim;
777   center[0] = 0.5 * lx;
778   center[1] = 0.5 * ly;
779   center[2] = 0.5 * lz;
780   ierr = PetscOptionsRealArray("-center", "Location of bubble center",
781                                NULL, center, &n, NULL); CHKERRQ(ierr);
782   n = problem->dim;
783   ierr = PetscOptionsRealArray("-dc_axis",
784                                "Axis of density current cylindrical anomaly, or {0,0,0} for spherically symmetric",
785                                NULL, dc_axis, &n, NULL); CHKERRQ(ierr);
786   {
787     PetscReal norm = PetscSqrtReal(PetscSqr(dc_axis[0]) +
788                                    PetscSqr(dc_axis[1]) + PetscSqr(dc_axis[2]));
789     if (norm > 0) {
790       for (int i=0; i<3; i++) dc_axis[i] /= norm;
791     }
792   }
793   ierr = PetscOptionsInt("-output_freq",
794                          "Frequency of output, in number of steps",
795                          NULL, outputfreq, &outputfreq, NULL); CHKERRQ(ierr);
796   ierr = PetscOptionsInt("-continue", "Continue from previous solution",
797                          NULL, contsteps, &contsteps, NULL); CHKERRQ(ierr);
798   ierr = PetscOptionsInt("-degree", "Polynomial degree of finite elements",
799                          NULL, degree, &degree, NULL); CHKERRQ(ierr);
800   ierr = PetscOptionsInt("-qextra", "Number of extra quadrature points",
801                          NULL, qextra, &qextra, NULL); CHKERRQ(ierr);
802   PetscStrncpy(user->outputfolder, ".", 2);
803   ierr = PetscOptionsString("-of", "Output folder",
804                             NULL, user->outputfolder, user->outputfolder,
805                             sizeof(user->outputfolder), NULL); CHKERRQ(ierr);
806   ierr = PetscOptionsEnd(); CHKERRQ(ierr);
807 
808   // Define derived units
809   Pascal = kilogram / (meter * PetscSqr(second));
810   JperkgK =  PetscSqr(meter) / (PetscSqr(second) * Kelvin);
811   mpersquareds = meter / PetscSqr(second);
812   WpermK = kilogram * meter / (pow(second,3) * Kelvin);
813   kgpercubicm = kilogram / pow(meter,3);
814   kgpersquaredms = kilogram / (PetscSqr(meter) * second);
815   Joulepercubicm = kilogram / (meter * PetscSqr(second));
816 
817   // Scale variables to desired units
818   theta0 *= Kelvin;
819   thetaC *= Kelvin;
820   P0 *= Pascal;
821   N *= (1./second);
822   cv *= JperkgK;
823   cp *= JperkgK;
824   Rd = cp - cv;
825   g *= mpersquareds;
826   mu *= Pascal * second;
827   k *= WpermK;
828   lx = fabs(lx) * meter;
829   ly = fabs(ly) * meter;
830   lz = fabs(lz) * meter;
831   rc = fabs(rc) * meter;
832   resx = fabs(resx) * meter;
833   resy = fabs(resy) * meter;
834   resz = fabs(resz) * meter;
835   for (int i=0; i<3; i++) center[i] *= meter;
836 
837   const CeedInt dim = problem->dim, ncompx = problem->dim,
838                 qdatasize = problem->qdatasize;
839   // Set up the libCEED context
840   struct SetupContext_ ctxSetup =  {
841     .theta0 = theta0,
842     .thetaC = thetaC,
843     .P0 = P0,
844     .N = N,
845     .cv = cv,
846     .cp = cp,
847     .Rd = Rd,
848     .g = g,
849     .rc = rc,
850     .lx = lx,
851     .ly = ly,
852     .lz = lz,
853     .periodicity0 = periodicity[0],
854     .periodicity1 = periodicity[1],
855     .periodicity2 = periodicity[2],
856     .center[0] = center[0],
857     .center[1] = center[1],
858     .center[2] = center[2],
859     .dc_axis[0] = dc_axis[0],
860     .dc_axis[1] = dc_axis[1],
861     .dc_axis[2] = dc_axis[2],
862     .time = 0,
863   };
864 
865   {
866     const PetscReal scale[3] = {lx, ly, lz};
867     ierr = DMPlexCreateBoxMesh(comm, dim, PETSC_FALSE, NULL, NULL, scale,
868                                periodicity, PETSC_TRUE, &dm);
869     CHKERRQ(ierr);
870   }
871   if (1) {
872     DM               dmDist = NULL;
873     PetscPartitioner part;
874 
875     ierr = DMPlexGetPartitioner(dm, &part); CHKERRQ(ierr);
876     ierr = PetscPartitionerSetFromOptions(part); CHKERRQ(ierr);
877     ierr = DMPlexDistribute(dm, 0, NULL, &dmDist); CHKERRQ(ierr);
878     if (dmDist) {
879       ierr = DMDestroy(&dm); CHKERRQ(ierr);
880       dm  = dmDist;
881     }
882   }
883   ierr = DMViewFromOptions(dm, NULL, "-dm_view"); CHKERRQ(ierr);
884 
885   ierr = DMLocalizeCoordinates(dm); CHKERRQ(ierr);
886   ierr = DMSetFromOptions(dm); CHKERRQ(ierr);
887   ierr = SetUpDM(dm, problem, degree, &bc, &ctxSetup); CHKERRQ(ierr);
888   if (!test) {
889     ierr = PetscPrintf(PETSC_COMM_WORLD,
890                        "Degree of FEM Space: %D\n",
891                        degree); CHKERRQ(ierr);
892   }
893   dmviz = NULL;
894   interpviz = NULL;
895   if (viz_refine) {
896     DM dmhierarchy[viz_refine+1];
897 
898     ierr = DMPlexSetRefinementUniform(dm, PETSC_TRUE); CHKERRQ(ierr);
899     dmhierarchy[0] = dm;
900     for (PetscInt i = 0, d = degree; i < viz_refine; i++) {
901       Mat interp_next;
902 
903       ierr = DMRefine(dmhierarchy[i], MPI_COMM_NULL, &dmhierarchy[i+1]);
904       CHKERRQ(ierr);
905       ierr = DMSetCoarseDM(dmhierarchy[i+1], dmhierarchy[i]); CHKERRQ(ierr);
906       d = (d + 1) / 2;
907       if (i + 1 == viz_refine) d = 1;
908       ierr = SetUpDM(dmhierarchy[i+1], problem, d, &bc, &ctxSetup); CHKERRQ(ierr);
909       ierr = DMCreateInterpolation(dmhierarchy[i], dmhierarchy[i+1],
910                                    &interp_next, NULL); CHKERRQ(ierr);
911       if (!i) interpviz = interp_next;
912       else {
913         Mat C;
914         ierr = MatMatMult(interp_next, interpviz, MAT_INITIAL_MATRIX,
915                           PETSC_DECIDE, &C); CHKERRQ(ierr);
916         ierr = MatDestroy(&interp_next); CHKERRQ(ierr);
917         ierr = MatDestroy(&interpviz); CHKERRQ(ierr);
918         interpviz = C;
919       }
920     }
921     for (PetscInt i=1; i<viz_refine; i++) {
922       ierr = DMDestroy(&dmhierarchy[i]); CHKERRQ(ierr);
923     }
924     dmviz = dmhierarchy[viz_refine];
925   }
926   ierr = DMCreateGlobalVector(dm, &Q); CHKERRQ(ierr);
927   ierr = DMGetLocalVector(dm, &Qloc); CHKERRQ(ierr);
928   ierr = VecGetSize(Qloc, &lnodes); CHKERRQ(ierr);
929   lnodes /= ncompq;
930 
931   {
932     // Print grid information
933     CeedInt gdofs, odofs;
934     int comm_size;
935     char box_faces_str[PETSC_MAX_PATH_LEN] = "NONE";
936     ierr = VecGetSize(Q, &gdofs); CHKERRQ(ierr);
937     ierr = VecGetLocalSize(Q, &odofs); CHKERRQ(ierr);
938     ierr = MPI_Comm_size(comm, &comm_size); CHKERRQ(ierr);
939     ierr = PetscOptionsGetString(NULL, NULL, "-dm_plex_box_faces", box_faces_str,
940                                  sizeof(box_faces_str), NULL); CHKERRQ(ierr);
941     if (!test) {
942       ierr = PetscPrintf(comm, "Global FEM dofs: %D (%D owned) on %d ranks\n",
943                          gdofs, odofs, comm_size); CHKERRQ(ierr);
944       ierr = PetscPrintf(comm, "Local FEM nodes: %D\n", lnodes); CHKERRQ(ierr);
945       ierr = PetscPrintf(comm, "dm_plex_box_faces: %s\n", box_faces_str);
946       CHKERRQ(ierr);
947     }
948 
949   }
950 
951   // Set up global mass vector
952   ierr = VecDuplicate(Q,&user->M); CHKERRQ(ierr);
953 
954   // Set up CEED
955   // CEED Bases
956   CeedInit(ceedresource, &ceed);
957   numP = degree + 1;
958   numQ = numP + qextra;
959   CeedBasisCreateTensorH1Lagrange(ceed, dim, ncompq, numP, numQ, CEED_GAUSS,
960                                   &basisq);
961   CeedBasisCreateTensorH1Lagrange(ceed, dim, ncompx, 2, numQ, CEED_GAUSS,
962                                   &basisx);
963   CeedBasisCreateTensorH1Lagrange(ceed, dim, ncompx, 2, numP,
964                                   CEED_GAUSS_LOBATTO, &basisxc);
965 
966   ierr = DMGetCoordinateDM(dm, &dmcoord); CHKERRQ(ierr);
967   ierr = DMPlexSetClosurePermutationTensor(dmcoord, PETSC_DETERMINE, NULL);
968   CHKERRQ(ierr);
969 
970   // CEED Restrictions
971   ierr = CreateRestrictionFromPlex(ceed, dm, degree+1, &restrictq);
972   CHKERRQ(ierr);
973   ierr = CreateRestrictionFromPlex(ceed, dmcoord, 2, &restrictx); CHKERRQ(ierr);
974   DMPlexGetHeightStratum(dm, 0, &cStart, &cEnd); CHKERRQ(ierr);
975   localNelem = cEnd - cStart;
976   CeedInt numQdim = CeedIntPow(numQ, dim);
977   CeedElemRestrictionCreateStrided(ceed, localNelem, numQdim,
978                                    qdatasize, qdatasize*localNelem*numQdim,
979                                    CEED_STRIDES_BACKEND, &restrictqdi);
980   CeedElemRestrictionCreateStrided(ceed, localNelem, PetscPowInt(numP, dim),
981                                    ncompx,
982                                    ncompx*localNelem*PetscPowInt(numP, dim),
983                                    CEED_STRIDES_BACKEND, &restrictxcoord);
984 
985   ierr = DMGetCoordinatesLocal(dm, &Xloc); CHKERRQ(ierr);
986   ierr = CreateVectorFromPetscVec(ceed, Xloc, &xcorners); CHKERRQ(ierr);
987 
988   // Create the CEED vectors that will be needed in setup
989   CeedInt Nqpts;
990   CeedBasisGetNumQuadraturePoints(basisq, &Nqpts);
991   CeedInt Ndofs = 1;
992   for (int d=0; d<3; d++) Ndofs *= numP;
993   CeedVectorCreate(ceed, qdatasize*localNelem*Nqpts, &qdata);
994   CeedElemRestrictionCreateVector(restrictq, &q0ceed, NULL);
995 
996   // Create the Q-function that builds the quadrature data for the NS operator
997   CeedQFunctionCreateInterior(ceed, 1, problem->setup, problem->setup_loc,
998                               &qf_setup);
999   CeedQFunctionAddInput(qf_setup, "dx", ncompx*dim, CEED_EVAL_GRAD);
1000   CeedQFunctionAddInput(qf_setup, "weight", 1, CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT);
1001   CeedQFunctionAddOutput(qf_setup, "qdata", qdatasize, CEED_EVAL_NONE);
1002 
1003   // Create the Q-function that sets the ICs of the operator
1004   CeedQFunctionCreateInterior(ceed, 1, problem->ics, problem->ics_loc, &qf_ics);
1005   CeedQFunctionAddInput(qf_ics, "x", ncompx, CEED_EVAL_INTERP);
1006   CeedQFunctionAddOutput(qf_ics, "q0", ncompq, CEED_EVAL_NONE);
1007 
1008   qf_rhs = NULL;
1009   if (problem->apply_rhs) { // Create the Q-function that defines the action of the RHS operator
1010     CeedQFunctionCreateInterior(ceed, 1, problem->apply_rhs,
1011                                 problem->apply_rhs_loc, &qf_rhs);
1012     CeedQFunctionAddInput(qf_rhs, "q", ncompq, CEED_EVAL_INTERP);
1013     CeedQFunctionAddInput(qf_rhs, "dq", ncompq*dim, CEED_EVAL_GRAD);
1014     CeedQFunctionAddInput(qf_rhs, "qdata", qdatasize, CEED_EVAL_NONE);
1015     CeedQFunctionAddInput(qf_rhs, "x", ncompx, CEED_EVAL_INTERP);
1016     CeedQFunctionAddOutput(qf_rhs, "v", ncompq, CEED_EVAL_INTERP);
1017     CeedQFunctionAddOutput(qf_rhs, "dv", ncompq*dim, CEED_EVAL_GRAD);
1018   }
1019 
1020   qf_ifunction = NULL;
1021   if (problem->apply_ifunction) { // Create the Q-function that defines the action of the IFunction
1022     CeedQFunctionCreateInterior(ceed, 1, problem->apply_ifunction,
1023                                 problem->apply_ifunction_loc, &qf_ifunction);
1024     CeedQFunctionAddInput(qf_ifunction, "q", ncompq, CEED_EVAL_INTERP);
1025     CeedQFunctionAddInput(qf_ifunction, "dq", ncompq*dim, CEED_EVAL_GRAD);
1026     CeedQFunctionAddInput(qf_ifunction, "qdot", ncompq, CEED_EVAL_INTERP);
1027     CeedQFunctionAddInput(qf_ifunction, "qdata", qdatasize, CEED_EVAL_NONE);
1028     CeedQFunctionAddInput(qf_ifunction, "x", ncompx, CEED_EVAL_INTERP);
1029     CeedQFunctionAddOutput(qf_ifunction, "v", ncompq, CEED_EVAL_INTERP);
1030     CeedQFunctionAddOutput(qf_ifunction, "dv", ncompq*dim, CEED_EVAL_GRAD);
1031   }
1032 
1033   // Create the operator that builds the quadrature data for the NS operator
1034   CeedOperatorCreate(ceed, qf_setup, NULL, NULL, &op_setup);
1035   CeedOperatorSetField(op_setup, "dx", restrictx, basisx, CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE);
1036   CeedOperatorSetField(op_setup, "weight", CEED_ELEMRESTRICTION_NONE,
1037                        basisx, CEED_VECTOR_NONE);
1038   CeedOperatorSetField(op_setup, "qdata", restrictqdi,
1039                        CEED_BASIS_COLLOCATED, CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE);
1040 
1041   // Create the operator that sets the ICs
1042   CeedOperatorCreate(ceed, qf_ics, NULL, NULL, &op_ics);
1043   CeedOperatorSetField(op_ics, "x", restrictx, basisxc, CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE);
1044   CeedOperatorSetField(op_ics, "q0", restrictq,
1045                        CEED_BASIS_COLLOCATED, CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE);
1046 
1047   CeedElemRestrictionCreateVector(restrictq, &user->qceed, NULL);
1048   CeedElemRestrictionCreateVector(restrictq, &user->qdotceed, NULL);
1049   CeedElemRestrictionCreateVector(restrictq, &user->gceed, NULL);
1050 
1051   if (qf_rhs) { // Create the RHS physics operator
1052     CeedOperator op;
1053     CeedOperatorCreate(ceed, qf_rhs, NULL, NULL, &op);
1054     CeedOperatorSetField(op, "q", restrictq, basisq, CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE);
1055     CeedOperatorSetField(op, "dq", restrictq, basisq, CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE);
1056     CeedOperatorSetField(op, "qdata", restrictqdi,
1057                          CEED_BASIS_COLLOCATED, qdata);
1058     CeedOperatorSetField(op, "x", restrictx, basisx, xcorners);
1059     CeedOperatorSetField(op, "v", restrictq, basisq, CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE);
1060     CeedOperatorSetField(op, "dv", restrictq, basisq, CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE);
1061     user->op_rhs = op;
1062   }
1063 
1064   if (qf_ifunction) { // Create the IFunction operator
1065     CeedOperator op;
1066     CeedOperatorCreate(ceed, qf_ifunction, NULL, NULL, &op);
1067     CeedOperatorSetField(op, "q", restrictq, basisq, CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE);
1068     CeedOperatorSetField(op, "dq", restrictq, basisq, CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE);
1069     CeedOperatorSetField(op, "qdot", restrictq, basisq, user->qdotceed);
1070     CeedOperatorSetField(op, "qdata", restrictqdi,
1071                          CEED_BASIS_COLLOCATED, qdata);
1072     CeedOperatorSetField(op, "x", restrictx, basisx, xcorners);
1073     CeedOperatorSetField(op, "v", restrictq, basisq, CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE);
1074     CeedOperatorSetField(op, "dv", restrictq, basisq, CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE);
1075     user->op_ifunction = op;
1076   }
1077 
1078   CeedQFunctionSetContext(qf_ics, &ctxSetup, sizeof ctxSetup);
1079   CeedScalar ctxNS[8] = {lambda, mu, k, cv, cp, g, Rd};
1080   struct Advection2dContext_ ctxAdvection2d = {
1081     .CtauS = CtauS,
1082     .strong_form = strong_form,
1083     .stabilization = stab,
1084   };
1085   switch (problemChoice) {
1086   case NS_DENSITY_CURRENT:
1087     if (qf_rhs) CeedQFunctionSetContext(qf_rhs, &ctxNS, sizeof ctxNS);
1088     if (qf_ifunction) CeedQFunctionSetContext(qf_ifunction, &ctxNS,
1089           sizeof ctxNS);
1090     break;
1091   case NS_ADVECTION:
1092   case NS_ADVECTION2D:
1093     if (qf_rhs) CeedQFunctionSetContext(qf_rhs, &ctxAdvection2d,
1094                                           sizeof ctxAdvection2d);
1095     if (qf_ifunction) CeedQFunctionSetContext(qf_ifunction, &ctxAdvection2d,
1096           sizeof ctxAdvection2d);
1097   }
1098 
1099   // Set up PETSc context
1100   // Set up units structure
1101   units->meter = meter;
1102   units->kilogram = kilogram;
1103   units->second = second;
1104   units->Kelvin = Kelvin;
1105   units->Pascal = Pascal;
1106   units->JperkgK = JperkgK;
1107   units->mpersquareds = mpersquareds;
1108   units->WpermK = WpermK;
1109   units->kgpercubicm = kgpercubicm;
1110   units->kgpersquaredms = kgpersquaredms;
1111   units->Joulepercubicm = Joulepercubicm;
1112 
1113   // Set up user structure
1114   user->comm = comm;
1115   user->outputfreq = outputfreq;
1116   user->contsteps = contsteps;
1117   user->units = units;
1118   user->dm = dm;
1119   user->dmviz = dmviz;
1120   user->interpviz = interpviz;
1121   user->ceed = ceed;
1122 
1123   // Calculate qdata and ICs
1124   // Set up state global and local vectors
1125   ierr = VecZeroEntries(Q); CHKERRQ(ierr);
1126 
1127   ierr = VectorPlacePetscVec(q0ceed, Qloc); CHKERRQ(ierr);
1128 
1129   // Apply Setup Ceed Operators
1130   ierr = VectorPlacePetscVec(xcorners, Xloc); CHKERRQ(ierr);
1131   CeedOperatorApply(op_setup, xcorners, qdata, CEED_REQUEST_IMMEDIATE);
1132   ierr = ComputeLumpedMassMatrix(ceed, dm, restrictq, basisq, restrictqdi, qdata,
1133                                  user->M); CHKERRQ(ierr);
1134 
1135   ierr = ICs_PetscMultiplicity(op_ics, xcorners, q0ceed, dm, Qloc, Q, restrictq,
1136                                &ctxSetup, 0.0);
1137   if (1) { // Record boundary values from initial condition and override DMPlexInsertBoundaryValues()
1138     // We use this for the main simulation DM because the reference DMPlexInsertBoundaryValues() is very slow.  If we
1139     // disable this, we should still get the same results due to the problem->bc function, but with potentially much
1140     // slower execution.
1141     Vec Qbc;
1142     ierr = DMGetNamedLocalVector(dm, "Qbc", &Qbc); CHKERRQ(ierr);
1143     ierr = VecCopy(Qloc, Qbc); CHKERRQ(ierr);
1144     ierr = VecZeroEntries(Qloc); CHKERRQ(ierr);
1145     ierr = DMGlobalToLocal(dm, Q, INSERT_VALUES, Qloc); CHKERRQ(ierr);
1146     ierr = VecAXPY(Qbc, -1., Qloc); CHKERRQ(ierr);
1147     ierr = DMRestoreNamedLocalVector(dm, "Qbc", &Qbc); CHKERRQ(ierr);
1148     ierr = PetscObjectComposeFunction((PetscObject)dm,
1149                                       "DMPlexInsertBoundaryValues_C",DMPlexInsertBoundaryValues_NS); CHKERRQ(ierr);
1150   }
1151 
1152   MPI_Comm_rank(comm, &rank);
1153   if (!rank) {ierr = PetscMkdir(user->outputfolder); CHKERRQ(ierr);}
1154   // Gather initial Q values
1155   // In case of continuation of simulation, set up initial values from binary file
1156   if (contsteps) { // continue from existent solution
1157     PetscViewer viewer;
1158     char filepath[PETSC_MAX_PATH_LEN];
1159     // Read input
1160     ierr = PetscSNPrintf(filepath, sizeof filepath, "%s/ns-solution.bin",
1161                          user->outputfolder);
1162     CHKERRQ(ierr);
1163     ierr = PetscViewerBinaryOpen(comm, filepath, FILE_MODE_READ, &viewer);
1164     CHKERRQ(ierr);
1165     ierr = VecLoad(Q, viewer); CHKERRQ(ierr);
1166     ierr = PetscViewerDestroy(&viewer); CHKERRQ(ierr);
1167   } else {
1168     //ierr = DMLocalToGlobal(dm, Qloc, INSERT_VALUES, Q);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1169   }
1170   ierr = DMRestoreLocalVector(dm, &Qloc); CHKERRQ(ierr);
1171 
1172   // Create and setup TS
1173   ierr = TSCreate(comm, &ts); CHKERRQ(ierr);
1174   ierr = TSSetDM(ts, dm); CHKERRQ(ierr);
1175   if (implicit) {
1176     ierr = TSSetType(ts, TSBDF); CHKERRQ(ierr);
1177     if (user->op_ifunction) {
1178       ierr = TSSetIFunction(ts, NULL, IFunction_NS, &user); CHKERRQ(ierr);
1179     } else {                    // Implicit integrators can fall back to using an RHSFunction
1180       ierr = TSSetRHSFunction(ts, NULL, RHS_NS, &user); CHKERRQ(ierr);
1181     }
1182   } else {
1183     if (!user->op_rhs) SETERRQ(comm,PETSC_ERR_ARG_NULL,
1184                                  "Problem does not provide RHSFunction");
1185     ierr = TSSetType(ts, TSRK); CHKERRQ(ierr);
1186     ierr = TSRKSetType(ts, TSRK5F); CHKERRQ(ierr);
1187     ierr = TSSetRHSFunction(ts, NULL, RHS_NS, &user); CHKERRQ(ierr);
1188   }
1189   ierr = TSSetMaxTime(ts, 500. * units->second); CHKERRQ(ierr);
1190   ierr = TSSetExactFinalTime(ts, TS_EXACTFINALTIME_STEPOVER); CHKERRQ(ierr);
1191   ierr = TSSetTimeStep(ts, 1.e-2 * units->second); CHKERRQ(ierr);
1192   if (test) {ierr = TSSetMaxSteps(ts, 1); CHKERRQ(ierr);}
1193   ierr = TSGetAdapt(ts, &adapt); CHKERRQ(ierr);
1194   ierr = TSAdaptSetStepLimits(adapt,
1195                               1.e-12 * units->second,
1196                               1.e2 * units->second); CHKERRQ(ierr);
1197   ierr = TSSetFromOptions(ts); CHKERRQ(ierr);
1198   if (!contsteps) { // print initial condition
1199     if (!test) {
1200       ierr = TSMonitor_NS(ts, 0, 0., Q, user); CHKERRQ(ierr);
1201     }
1202   } else { // continue from time of last output
1203     PetscReal time;
1204     PetscInt count;
1205     PetscViewer viewer;
1206     char filepath[PETSC_MAX_PATH_LEN];
1207     ierr = PetscSNPrintf(filepath, sizeof filepath, "%s/ns-time.bin",
1208                          user->outputfolder); CHKERRQ(ierr);
1209     ierr = PetscViewerBinaryOpen(comm, filepath, FILE_MODE_READ, &viewer);
1210     CHKERRQ(ierr);
1211     ierr = PetscViewerBinaryRead(viewer, &time, 1, &count, PETSC_REAL);
1212     CHKERRQ(ierr);
1213     ierr = PetscViewerDestroy(&viewer); CHKERRQ(ierr);
1214     ierr = TSSetTime(ts, time * user->units->second); CHKERRQ(ierr);
1215   }
1216   if (!test) {
1217     ierr = TSMonitorSet(ts, TSMonitor_NS, user, NULL); CHKERRQ(ierr);
1218   }
1219 
1220   // Solve
1221   start = MPI_Wtime();
1222   ierr = PetscBarrier((PetscObject)ts); CHKERRQ(ierr);
1223   ierr = TSSolve(ts, Q); CHKERRQ(ierr);
1224   cpu_time_used = MPI_Wtime() - start;
1225   ierr = TSGetSolveTime(ts,&ftime); CHKERRQ(ierr);
1226   ierr = MPI_Allreduce(MPI_IN_PLACE, &cpu_time_used, 1, MPI_DOUBLE, MPI_MIN,
1227                        comm); CHKERRQ(ierr);
1228   if (!test) {
1229     ierr = PetscPrintf(PETSC_COMM_WORLD,
1230                        "Time taken for solution: %g\n",
1231                        (double)cpu_time_used); CHKERRQ(ierr);
1232   }
1233 
1234   // Get error
1235   if (problem->non_zero_time && !test) {
1236     Vec Qexact, Qexactloc;
1237     PetscReal norm;
1238     ierr = DMCreateGlobalVector(dm, &Qexact); CHKERRQ(ierr);
1239     ierr = DMGetLocalVector(dm, &Qexactloc); CHKERRQ(ierr);
1240     ierr = VecGetSize(Qexactloc, &lnodes); CHKERRQ(ierr);
1241 
1242     ierr = ICs_PetscMultiplicity(op_ics, xcorners, q0ceed, dm, Qexactloc, Qexact,
1243                                  restrictq, &ctxSetup, ftime); CHKERRQ(ierr);
1244 
1245     ierr = VecAXPY(Q, -1.0, Qexact);  CHKERRQ(ierr);
1246     ierr = VecNorm(Q, NORM_MAX, &norm); CHKERRQ(ierr);
1247     CeedVectorDestroy(&q0ceed);
1248     ierr = PetscPrintf(PETSC_COMM_WORLD,
1249                        "Max Error: %g\n",
1250                        (double)norm); CHKERRQ(ierr);
1251   }
1252 
1253   // Output Statistics
1254   ierr = TSGetStepNumber(ts,&steps); CHKERRQ(ierr);
1255   if (!test) {
1256     ierr = PetscPrintf(PETSC_COMM_WORLD,
1257                        "Time integrator took %D time steps to reach final time %g\n",
1258                        steps,(double)ftime); CHKERRQ(ierr);
1259   }
1260 
1261   // Clean up libCEED
1262   CeedVectorDestroy(&qdata);
1263   CeedVectorDestroy(&user->qceed);
1264   CeedVectorDestroy(&user->qdotceed);
1265   CeedVectorDestroy(&user->gceed);
1266   CeedVectorDestroy(&xcorners);
1267   CeedBasisDestroy(&basisq);
1268   CeedBasisDestroy(&basisx);
1269   CeedBasisDestroy(&basisxc);
1270   CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&restrictq);
1271   CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&restrictx);
1272   CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&restrictqdi);
1273   CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&restrictxcoord);
1274   CeedQFunctionDestroy(&qf_setup);
1275   CeedQFunctionDestroy(&qf_ics);
1276   CeedQFunctionDestroy(&qf_rhs);
1277   CeedQFunctionDestroy(&qf_ifunction);
1278   CeedOperatorDestroy(&op_setup);
1279   CeedOperatorDestroy(&op_ics);
1280   CeedOperatorDestroy(&user->op_rhs);
1281   CeedOperatorDestroy(&user->op_ifunction);
1282   CeedDestroy(&ceed);
1283 
1284   // Clean up PETSc
1285   ierr = VecDestroy(&Q); CHKERRQ(ierr);
1286   ierr = VecDestroy(&user->M); CHKERRQ(ierr);
1287   ierr = MatDestroy(&interpviz); CHKERRQ(ierr);
1288   ierr = DMDestroy(&dmviz); CHKERRQ(ierr);
1289   ierr = TSDestroy(&ts); CHKERRQ(ierr);
1290   ierr = DMDestroy(&dm); CHKERRQ(ierr);
1291   ierr = PetscFree(units); CHKERRQ(ierr);
1292   ierr = PetscFree(user); CHKERRQ(ierr);
1293   return PetscFinalize();
1294 }
1295 
1296