xref: /libCEED/examples/petsc/bps.c (revision ee07ded2da68b589c1255126ba09102d164f666f)
1 // Copyright (c) 2017, Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC. Produced at
2 // the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. LLNL-CODE-734707. All Rights
3 // reserved. See files LICENSE and NOTICE for details.
4 //
5 // This file is part of CEED, a collection of benchmarks, miniapps, software
6 // libraries and APIs for efficient high-order finite element and spectral
7 // element discretizations for exascale applications. For more information and
8 // source code availability see http://github.com/ceed.
9 //
10 // The CEED research is supported by the Exascale Computing Project 17-SC-20-SC,
11 // a collaborative effort of two U.S. Department of Energy organizations (Office
12 // of Science and the National Nuclear Security Administration) responsible for
13 // the planning and preparation of a capable exascale ecosystem, including
14 // software, applications, hardware, advanced system engineering and early
15 // testbed platforms, in support of the nation's exascale computing imperative.
16 
17 //                        libCEED + PETSc Example: CEED BPs
18 //
19 // This example demonstrates a simple usage of libCEED with PETSc to solve the
20 // CEED BP benchmark problems, see http://ceed.exascaleproject.org/bps.
21 //
22 // The code is intentionally "raw", using only low-level communication
23 // primitives.
24 //
25 // Build with:
26 //
27 //     make bps [PETSC_DIR=</path/to/petsc>] [CEED_DIR=</path/to/libceed>]
28 //
29 // Sample runs:
30 //
31 //     bps -problem bp1
32 //     bps -problem bp2 -ceed /cpu/self
33 //     bps -problem bp3 -ceed /gpu/occa
34 //     bps -problem bp4 -ceed /cpu/occa
35 //     bps -problem bp5 -ceed /omp/occa
36 //     bps -problem bp6 -ceed /ocl/occa
37 //
38 //TESTARGS -ceed {ceed_resource} -test -problem bp2
39 
40 /// @file
41 /// CEED BPs example using PETSc
42 /// See bpsdmplex.c for an implementation using DMPlex unstructured grids.
43 const char help[] = "Solve CEED BPs using PETSc\n";
44 
45 #include <stdbool.h>
46 #include <string.h>
47 #include <petscksp.h>
48 #include <ceed.h>
49 #include "common.h"
50 #include "bp1.h"
51 #include "bp2.h"
52 #include "bp3.h"
53 #include "bp4.h"
54 
55 static void Split3(PetscInt size, PetscInt m[3], bool reverse) {
56   for (PetscInt d=0,sizeleft=size; d<3; d++) {
57     PetscInt try = (PetscInt)PetscCeilReal(PetscPowReal(sizeleft, 1./(3 - d)));
58     while (try * (sizeleft / try) != sizeleft) try++;
59     m[reverse ? 2-d : d] = try;
60     sizeleft /= try;
61   }
62 }
63 
64 static PetscInt Max3(const PetscInt a[3]) {
65   return PetscMax(a[0], PetscMax(a[1], a[2]));
66 }
67 static PetscInt Min3(const PetscInt a[3]) {
68   return PetscMin(a[0], PetscMin(a[1], a[2]));
69 }
70 static void GlobalNodes(const PetscInt p[3], const PetscInt irank[3],
71                       PetscInt degree, const PetscInt melem[3],
72                       PetscInt mnodes[3]) {
73   for (int d=0; d<3; d++)
74     mnodes[d] = degree*melem[d] + (irank[d] == p[d]-1);
75 }
76 static PetscInt GlobalStart(const PetscInt p[3], const PetscInt irank[3],
77                             PetscInt degree, const PetscInt melem[3]) {
78   PetscInt start = 0;
79   // Dumb brute-force is easier to read
80   for (PetscInt i=0; i<p[0]; i++) {
81     for (PetscInt j=0; j<p[1]; j++) {
82       for (PetscInt k=0; k<p[2]; k++) {
83         PetscInt mnodes[3], ijkrank[] = {i,j,k};
84         if (i == irank[0] && j == irank[1] && k == irank[2]) return start;
85         GlobalNodes(p, ijkrank, degree, melem, mnodes);
86         start += mnodes[0] * mnodes[1] * mnodes[2];
87       }
88     }
89   }
90   return -1;
91 }
92 static int CreateRestriction(Ceed ceed, const CeedInt melem[3],
93                              CeedInt P, CeedInt ncomp,
94                              CeedElemRestriction *Erestrict) {
95   const PetscInt nelem = melem[0]*melem[1]*melem[2];
96   PetscInt mnodes[3], *idx, *idxp;
97 
98   // Get indicies
99   for (int d=0; d<3; d++) mnodes[d] = melem[d]*(P-1) + 1;
100   idxp = idx = malloc(nelem*P*P*P*sizeof idx[0]);
101   for (CeedInt i=0; i<melem[0]; i++) {
102     for (CeedInt j=0; j<melem[1]; j++) {
103       for (CeedInt k=0; k<melem[2]; k++,idxp += P*P*P) {
104         for (CeedInt ii=0; ii<P; ii++) {
105           for (CeedInt jj=0; jj<P; jj++) {
106             for (CeedInt kk=0; kk<P; kk++) {
107               if (0) { // This is the C-style (i,j,k) ordering that I prefer
108                 idxp[(ii*P+jj)*P+kk] = (((i*(P-1)+ii)*mnodes[1]
109                                          + (j*(P-1)+jj))*mnodes[2]
110                                         + (k*(P-1)+kk));
111               } else { // (k,j,i) ordering for consistency with MFEM example
112                 idxp[ii+P*(jj+P*kk)] = (((i*(P-1)+ii)*mnodes[1]
113                                          + (j*(P-1)+jj))*mnodes[2]
114                                         + (k*(P-1)+kk));
115               }
116             }
117           }
118         }
119       }
120     }
121   }
122 
123   // Setup CEED restriction
124   CeedElemRestrictionCreate(ceed, nelem, P*P*P, mnodes[0]*mnodes[1]*mnodes[2], ncomp,
125                             CEED_MEM_HOST, CEED_OWN_POINTER, idx, Erestrict);
126 
127   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
128 }
129 
130 // Data for PETSc
131 typedef struct User_ *User;
132 struct User_ {
133   MPI_Comm comm;
134   VecScatter ltog;              // Scatter for all entries
135   VecScatter ltog0;             // Skip Dirichlet values
136   VecScatter gtogD;             // global-to-global; only Dirichlet values
137   Vec Xloc, Yloc;
138   CeedVector xceed, yceed;
139   CeedOperator op;
140   CeedVector rho;
141   Ceed ceed;
142 };
143 
144 // BP Options
145 typedef enum {
146   CEED_BP1 = 0, CEED_BP2 = 1, CEED_BP3 = 2,
147   CEED_BP4 = 3, CEED_BP5 = 4, CEED_BP6 = 5
148 } bpType;
149 static const char *const bpTypes[] = {"bp1","bp2","bp3","bp4","bp5","bp6",
150                                       "bpType","CEED_BP",0
151                                      };
152 
153 // BP specific data
154 typedef struct {
155   CeedInt ncompu, qdatasize, qextra;
156   CeedQFunctionUser setup, apply, error;
157   const char *setupfname, *applyfname, *errorfname;
158   CeedEvalMode inmode, outmode;
159   CeedQuadMode qmode;
160 } bpData;
161 
162 bpData bpOptions[6] = {
163   [CEED_BP1] = {
164     .ncompu = 1,
165     .qdatasize = 1,
166     .qextra = 1,
167     .setup = SetupMass,
168     .apply = Mass,
169     .error = Error,
170     .setupfname = SetupMass_loc,
171     .applyfname = Mass_loc,
172     .errorfname = Error_loc,
173     .inmode = CEED_EVAL_INTERP,
174     .outmode = CEED_EVAL_INTERP,
175     .qmode = CEED_GAUSS
176   },
177   [CEED_BP2] = {
178     .ncompu = 3,
179     .qdatasize = 1,
180     .qextra = 1,
181     .setup = SetupMass3,
182     .apply = Mass3,
183     .error = Error3,
184     .setupfname = SetupMass3_loc,
185     .applyfname = Mass3_loc,
186     .errorfname = Error3_loc,
187     .inmode = CEED_EVAL_INTERP,
188     .outmode = CEED_EVAL_INTERP,
189     .qmode = CEED_GAUSS
190   },
191   [CEED_BP3] = {
192     .ncompu = 1,
193     .qdatasize = 6,
194     .qextra = 1,
195     .setup = SetupDiff,
196     .apply = Diff,
197     .error = Error,
198     .setupfname = SetupDiff_loc,
199     .applyfname = Diff_loc,
200     .errorfname = Error_loc,
201     .inmode = CEED_EVAL_GRAD,
202     .outmode = CEED_EVAL_GRAD,
203     .qmode = CEED_GAUSS
204   },
205   [CEED_BP4] = {
206     .ncompu = 3,
207     .qdatasize = 6,
208     .qextra = 1,
209     .setup = SetupDiff3,
210     .apply = Diff3,
211     .error = Error3,
212     .setupfname = SetupDiff3_loc,
213     .applyfname = Diff3_loc,
214     .errorfname = Error3_loc,
215     .inmode = CEED_EVAL_GRAD,
216     .outmode = CEED_EVAL_GRAD,
217     .qmode = CEED_GAUSS
218   },
219   [CEED_BP5] = {
220     .ncompu = 1,
221     .qdatasize = 6,
222     .qextra = 0,
223     .setup = SetupDiff,
224     .apply = Diff,
225     .error = Error,
226     .setupfname = SetupDiff_loc,
227     .applyfname = Diff_loc,
228     .errorfname = Error_loc,
229     .inmode = CEED_EVAL_GRAD,
230     .outmode = CEED_EVAL_GRAD,
231     .qmode = CEED_GAUSS_LOBATTO
232   },
233   [CEED_BP6] = {
234     .ncompu = 3,
235     .qdatasize = 6,
236     .qextra = 0,
237     .setup = SetupDiff3,
238     .apply = Diff3,
239     .error = Error3,
240     .setupfname = SetupDiff3_loc,
241     .applyfname = Diff3_loc,
242     .errorfname = Error3_loc,
243     .inmode = CEED_EVAL_GRAD,
244     .outmode = CEED_EVAL_GRAD,
245     .qmode = CEED_GAUSS_LOBATTO
246   }
247 };
248 
249 // This function uses libCEED to compute the action of the mass matrix
250 static PetscErrorCode MatMult_Mass(Mat A, Vec X, Vec Y) {
251   PetscErrorCode ierr;
252   User user;
253   PetscScalar *x, *y;
254 
255   PetscFunctionBeginUser;
256   ierr = MatShellGetContext(A, &user); CHKERRQ(ierr);
257   ierr = VecScatterBegin(user->ltog, X, user->Xloc, INSERT_VALUES,
258                          SCATTER_REVERSE); CHKERRQ(ierr);
259   ierr = VecScatterEnd(user->ltog, X, user->Xloc, INSERT_VALUES, SCATTER_REVERSE);
260   CHKERRQ(ierr);
261   ierr = VecZeroEntries(user->Yloc); CHKERRQ(ierr);
262 
263   ierr = VecGetArrayRead(user->Xloc, (const PetscScalar **)&x); CHKERRQ(ierr);
264   ierr = VecGetArray(user->Yloc, &y); CHKERRQ(ierr);
265   CeedVectorSetArray(user->xceed, CEED_MEM_HOST, CEED_USE_POINTER, x);
266   CeedVectorSetArray(user->yceed, CEED_MEM_HOST, CEED_USE_POINTER, y);
267 
268   CeedOperatorApply(user->op, user->xceed, user->yceed,
269                     CEED_REQUEST_IMMEDIATE);
270   ierr = CeedVectorSyncArray(user->yceed, CEED_MEM_HOST); CHKERRQ(ierr);
271 
272   ierr = VecRestoreArrayRead(user->Xloc, (const PetscScalar **)&x); CHKERRQ(ierr);
273   ierr = VecRestoreArray(user->Yloc, &y); CHKERRQ(ierr);
274 
275   if (Y) {
276     ierr = VecZeroEntries(Y); CHKERRQ(ierr);
277     ierr = VecScatterBegin(user->ltog, user->Yloc, Y, ADD_VALUES, SCATTER_FORWARD);
278     CHKERRQ(ierr);
279     ierr = VecScatterEnd(user->ltog, user->Yloc, Y, ADD_VALUES, SCATTER_FORWARD);
280     CHKERRQ(ierr);
281   }
282   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
283 }
284 
285 // This function uses libCEED to compute the action of the Laplacian with
286 // Dirichlet boundary conditions
287 static PetscErrorCode MatMult_Diff(Mat A, Vec X, Vec Y) {
288   PetscErrorCode ierr;
289   User user;
290   PetscScalar *x, *y;
291 
292   PetscFunctionBeginUser;
293   ierr = MatShellGetContext(A, &user); CHKERRQ(ierr);
294 
295   // Global-to-local
296   ierr = VecScatterBegin(user->ltog0, X, user->Xloc, INSERT_VALUES,
297                          SCATTER_REVERSE); CHKERRQ(ierr);
298   ierr = VecScatterEnd(user->ltog0, X, user->Xloc, INSERT_VALUES,
299                        SCATTER_REVERSE);
300   CHKERRQ(ierr);
301   ierr = VecZeroEntries(user->Yloc); CHKERRQ(ierr);
302 
303   // Setup CEED vectors
304   ierr = VecGetArrayRead(user->Xloc, (const PetscScalar **)&x); CHKERRQ(ierr);
305   ierr = VecGetArray(user->Yloc, &y); CHKERRQ(ierr);
306   CeedVectorSetArray(user->xceed, CEED_MEM_HOST, CEED_USE_POINTER, x);
307   CeedVectorSetArray(user->yceed, CEED_MEM_HOST, CEED_USE_POINTER, y);
308 
309   // Apply CEED operator
310   CeedOperatorApply(user->op, user->xceed, user->yceed,
311                     CEED_REQUEST_IMMEDIATE);
312   ierr = CeedVectorSyncArray(user->yceed, CEED_MEM_HOST); CHKERRQ(ierr);
313 
314   // Restore PETSc vectors
315   ierr = VecRestoreArrayRead(user->Xloc, (const PetscScalar **)&x); CHKERRQ(ierr);
316   ierr = VecRestoreArray(user->Yloc, &y); CHKERRQ(ierr);
317 
318   // Local-to-global
319   ierr = VecZeroEntries(Y); CHKERRQ(ierr);
320   ierr = VecScatterBegin(user->gtogD, X, Y, INSERT_VALUES, SCATTER_FORWARD);
321   CHKERRQ(ierr);
322   ierr = VecScatterEnd(user->gtogD, X, Y, INSERT_VALUES, SCATTER_FORWARD);
323   CHKERRQ(ierr);
324   ierr = VecScatterBegin(user->ltog0, user->Yloc, Y, ADD_VALUES, SCATTER_FORWARD);
325   CHKERRQ(ierr);
326   ierr = VecScatterEnd(user->ltog0, user->Yloc, Y, ADD_VALUES, SCATTER_FORWARD);
327   CHKERRQ(ierr);
328 
329   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
330 }
331 
332 // This function calculates the error in the final solution
333 static PetscErrorCode ComputeErrorMax(User user, CeedOperator op_error, Vec X,
334                                       CeedVector target, PetscReal *maxerror) {
335   PetscErrorCode ierr;
336   PetscScalar *x;
337   CeedVector collocated_error;
338   CeedInt length;
339 
340   PetscFunctionBeginUser;
341   CeedVectorGetLength(target, &length);
342   CeedVectorCreate(user->ceed, length, &collocated_error);
343 
344   // Global-to-local
345   ierr = VecScatterBegin(user->ltog, X, user->Xloc, INSERT_VALUES,
346                          SCATTER_REVERSE); CHKERRQ(ierr);
347   ierr = VecScatterEnd(user->ltog, X, user->Xloc, INSERT_VALUES, SCATTER_REVERSE);
348   CHKERRQ(ierr);
349 
350   // Setup CEED vector
351   ierr = VecGetArrayRead(user->Xloc, (const PetscScalar **)&x); CHKERRQ(ierr);
352   CeedVectorSetArray(user->xceed, CEED_MEM_HOST, CEED_USE_POINTER, x);
353 
354   // Apply CEED operator
355   CeedOperatorApply(op_error, user->xceed, collocated_error,
356                     CEED_REQUEST_IMMEDIATE);
357 
358   // Restore PETSc vector
359   VecRestoreArrayRead(user->Xloc, (const PetscScalar **)&x); CHKERRQ(ierr);
360 
361   // Reduce max error
362   *maxerror = 0;
363   const CeedScalar *e;
364   CeedVectorGetArrayRead(collocated_error, CEED_MEM_HOST, &e);
365   for (CeedInt i=0; i<length; i++) {
366     *maxerror = PetscMax(*maxerror, PetscAbsScalar(e[i]));
367   }
368   CeedVectorRestoreArrayRead(collocated_error, &e);
369   ierr = MPI_Allreduce(MPI_IN_PLACE, maxerror,
370                        1, MPIU_REAL, MPIU_MAX, user->comm); CHKERRQ(ierr);
371 
372   // Cleanup
373   CeedVectorDestroy(&collocated_error);
374 
375   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
376 }
377 
378 int main(int argc, char **argv) {
379   PetscInt ierr;
380   MPI_Comm comm;
381   char ceedresource[PETSC_MAX_PATH_LEN] = "/cpu/self";
382   double my_rt_start, my_rt, rt_min, rt_max;
383   PetscInt degree, qextra, localnodes, localelem, melem[3], mnodes[3], p[3],
384            irank[3], lnodes[3], lsize, ncompu = 1;
385   PetscScalar *r;
386   PetscBool test_mode, benchmark_mode, write_solution;
387   PetscMPIInt size, rank;
388   Vec X, Xloc, rhs, rhsloc;
389   Mat mat;
390   KSP ksp;
391   VecScatter ltog, ltog0, gtogD;
392   User user;
393   Ceed ceed;
394   CeedBasis basisx, basisu;
395   CeedElemRestriction Erestrictx, Erestrictu, Erestrictxi, Erestrictui,
396                       Erestrictqdi;
397   CeedQFunction qf_setup, qf_apply, qf_error;
398   CeedOperator op_setup, op_apply, op_error;
399   CeedVector xcoord, rho, rhsceed, target;
400   CeedInt P, Q;
401   const CeedInt dim = 3, ncompx = 3;
402   bpType bpChoice;
403 
404   ierr = PetscInitialize(&argc, &argv, NULL, help);
405   if (ierr) return ierr;
406   comm = PETSC_COMM_WORLD;
407   ierr = PetscOptionsBegin(comm, NULL, "CEED BPs in PETSc", NULL); CHKERRQ(ierr);
408   bpChoice = CEED_BP1;
409   ierr = PetscOptionsEnum("-problem",
410                           "CEED benchmark problem to solve", NULL,
411                           bpTypes, (PetscEnum)bpChoice, (PetscEnum *)&bpChoice,
412                           NULL); CHKERRQ(ierr);
413   ncompu = bpOptions[bpChoice].ncompu;
414   test_mode = PETSC_FALSE;
415   ierr = PetscOptionsBool("-test",
416                           "Testing mode (do not print unless error is large)",
417                           NULL, test_mode, &test_mode, NULL); CHKERRQ(ierr);
418   benchmark_mode = PETSC_FALSE;
419   ierr = PetscOptionsBool("-benchmark",
420                           "Benchmarking mode (prints benchmark statistics)",
421                           NULL, benchmark_mode, &benchmark_mode, NULL);
422   CHKERRQ(ierr);
423   write_solution = PETSC_FALSE;
424   ierr = PetscOptionsBool("-write_solution",
425                           "Write solution for visualization",
426                           NULL, write_solution, &write_solution, NULL);
427   CHKERRQ(ierr);
428   degree = test_mode ? 3 : 1;
429   ierr = PetscOptionsInt("-degree", "Polynomial degree of tensor product basis",
430                          NULL, degree, &degree, NULL); CHKERRQ(ierr);
431   qextra = bpOptions[bpChoice].qextra;
432   ierr = PetscOptionsInt("-qextra", "Number of extra quadrature points",
433                          NULL, qextra, &qextra, NULL); CHKERRQ(ierr);
434   ierr = PetscOptionsString("-ceed", "CEED resource specifier",
435                             NULL, ceedresource, ceedresource,
436                             sizeof(ceedresource), NULL); CHKERRQ(ierr);
437   localnodes = 1000;
438   ierr = PetscOptionsInt("-local",
439                          "Target number of locally owned nodes per process",
440                          NULL, localnodes, &localnodes, NULL); CHKERRQ(ierr);
441   ierr = PetscOptionsEnd(); CHKERRQ(ierr);
442   P = degree + 1;
443   Q = P + qextra;
444 
445   // Determine size of process grid
446   ierr = MPI_Comm_size(comm, &size); CHKERRQ(ierr);
447   Split3(size, p, false);
448 
449   // Find a nicely composite number of elements no less than localnodes
450   for (localelem = PetscMax(1, localnodes / (degree*degree*degree)); ;
451        localelem++) {
452     Split3(localelem, melem, true);
453     if (Max3(melem) / Min3(melem) <= 2) break;
454   }
455 
456   // Find my location in the process grid
457   ierr = MPI_Comm_rank(comm, &rank); CHKERRQ(ierr);
458   for (int d=0,rankleft=rank; d<dim; d++) {
459     const int pstride[3] = {p[1] *p[2], p[2], 1};
460     irank[d] = rankleft / pstride[d];
461     rankleft -= irank[d] * pstride[d];
462   }
463 
464   GlobalNodes(p, irank, degree, melem, mnodes);
465 
466   // Setup global vector
467   ierr = VecCreate(comm, &X); CHKERRQ(ierr);
468   ierr = VecSetSizes(X, mnodes[0]*mnodes[1]*mnodes[2]*ncompu, PETSC_DECIDE);
469   CHKERRQ(ierr);
470   ierr = VecSetUp(X); CHKERRQ(ierr);
471 
472   // Print summary
473   if (!test_mode) {
474     CeedInt gsize;
475     ierr = VecGetSize(X, &gsize); CHKERRQ(ierr);
476     ierr = PetscPrintf(comm,
477                        "\n-- CEED Benchmark Problem %d -- libCEED + PETSc --\n"
478                        "  libCEED:\n"
479                        "    libCEED Backend                    : %s\n"
480                        "  Mesh:\n"
481                        "    Number of 1D Basis Nodes (p)       : %d\n"
482                        "    Number of 1D Quadrature Points (q) : %d\n"
483                        "    Global nodes                       : %D\n"
484                        "    Process Decomposition              : %D %D %D\n"
485                        "    Local Elements                     : %D = %D %D %D\n"
486                        "    Owned nodes                        : %D = %D %D %D\n",
487                        bpChoice+1, ceedresource, P, Q,  gsize/ncompu, p[0],
488                        p[1], p[2], localelem, melem[0], melem[1], melem[2],
489                        mnodes[0]*mnodes[1]*mnodes[2], mnodes[0], mnodes[1], mnodes[2]);
490     CHKERRQ(ierr);
491   }
492 
493   {
494     lsize = 1;
495     for (int d=0; d<dim; d++) {
496       lnodes[d] = melem[d]*degree + 1;
497       lsize *= lnodes[d];
498     }
499     ierr = VecCreate(PETSC_COMM_SELF, &Xloc); CHKERRQ(ierr);
500     ierr = VecSetSizes(Xloc, lsize*ncompu, PETSC_DECIDE); CHKERRQ(ierr);
501     ierr = VecSetUp(Xloc); CHKERRQ(ierr);
502 
503     // Create local-to-global scatter
504     PetscInt *ltogind, *ltogind0, *locind, l0count;
505     IS ltogis, ltogis0, locis;
506     PetscInt gstart[2][2][2], gmnodes[2][2][2][dim];
507 
508     for (int i=0; i<2; i++) {
509       for (int j=0; j<2; j++) {
510         for (int k=0; k<2; k++) {
511           PetscInt ijkrank[3] = {irank[0]+i, irank[1]+j, irank[2]+k};
512           gstart[i][j][k] = GlobalStart(p, ijkrank, degree, melem);
513           GlobalNodes(p, ijkrank, degree, melem, gmnodes[i][j][k]);
514         }
515       }
516     }
517 
518     ierr = PetscMalloc1(lsize, &ltogind); CHKERRQ(ierr);
519     ierr = PetscMalloc1(lsize, &ltogind0); CHKERRQ(ierr);
520     ierr = PetscMalloc1(lsize, &locind); CHKERRQ(ierr);
521     l0count = 0;
522     for (PetscInt i=0,ir,ii; ir=i>=mnodes[0], ii=i-ir*mnodes[0], i<lnodes[0]; i++) {
523       for (PetscInt j=0,jr,jj; jr=j>=mnodes[1], jj=j-jr*mnodes[1], j<lnodes[1]; j++) {
524         for (PetscInt k=0,kr,kk; kr=k>=mnodes[2], kk=k-kr*mnodes[2], k<lnodes[2]; k++) {
525           PetscInt here = (i*lnodes[1]+j)*lnodes[2]+k;
526           ltogind[here] =
527             gstart[ir][jr][kr] + (ii*gmnodes[ir][jr][kr][1]+jj)*gmnodes[ir][jr][kr][2]+kk;
528           if ((irank[0] == 0 && i == 0)
529               || (irank[1] == 0 && j == 0)
530               || (irank[2] == 0 && k == 0)
531               || (irank[0]+1 == p[0] && i+1 == lnodes[0])
532               || (irank[1]+1 == p[1] && j+1 == lnodes[1])
533               || (irank[2]+1 == p[2] && k+1 == lnodes[2]))
534             continue;
535           ltogind0[l0count] = ltogind[here];
536           locind[l0count++] = here;
537         }
538       }
539     }
540     ierr = ISCreateBlock(comm, ncompu, lsize, ltogind, PETSC_OWN_POINTER,
541                          &ltogis); CHKERRQ(ierr);
542     ierr = VecScatterCreate(Xloc, NULL, X, ltogis, &ltog); CHKERRQ(ierr);
543     CHKERRQ(ierr);
544     ierr = ISCreateBlock(comm, ncompu, l0count, ltogind0, PETSC_OWN_POINTER,
545                          &ltogis0); CHKERRQ(ierr);
546     ierr = ISCreateBlock(comm, ncompu, l0count, locind, PETSC_OWN_POINTER,
547                          &locis); CHKERRQ(ierr);
548     ierr = VecScatterCreate(Xloc, locis, X, ltogis0, &ltog0); CHKERRQ(ierr);
549     {
550       // Create global-to-global scatter for Dirichlet values (everything not in
551       // ltogis0, which is the range of ltog0)
552       PetscInt xstart, xend, *indD, countD = 0;
553       IS isD;
554       const PetscScalar *x;
555       ierr = VecZeroEntries(Xloc); CHKERRQ(ierr);
556       ierr = VecSet(X, 1.0); CHKERRQ(ierr);
557       ierr = VecScatterBegin(ltog0, Xloc, X, INSERT_VALUES, SCATTER_FORWARD);
558       CHKERRQ(ierr);
559       ierr = VecScatterEnd(ltog0, Xloc, X, INSERT_VALUES, SCATTER_FORWARD);
560       CHKERRQ(ierr);
561       ierr = VecGetOwnershipRange(X, &xstart, &xend); CHKERRQ(ierr);
562       ierr = PetscMalloc1(xend-xstart, &indD); CHKERRQ(ierr);
563       ierr = VecGetArrayRead(X, &x); CHKERRQ(ierr);
564       for (PetscInt i=0; i<xend-xstart; i++) {
565         if (x[i] == 1.) indD[countD++] = xstart + i;
566       }
567       ierr = VecRestoreArrayRead(X, &x); CHKERRQ(ierr);
568       ierr = ISCreateGeneral(comm, countD, indD, PETSC_COPY_VALUES, &isD);
569       CHKERRQ(ierr);
570       ierr = PetscFree(indD); CHKERRQ(ierr);
571       ierr = VecScatterCreate(X, isD, X, isD, &gtogD); CHKERRQ(ierr);
572       ierr = ISDestroy(&isD); CHKERRQ(ierr);
573     }
574     ierr = ISDestroy(&ltogis); CHKERRQ(ierr);
575     ierr = ISDestroy(&ltogis0); CHKERRQ(ierr);
576     ierr = ISDestroy(&locis); CHKERRQ(ierr);
577   }
578 
579   // Set up libCEED
580   CeedInit(ceedresource, &ceed);
581 
582   // CEED bases
583   CeedBasisCreateTensorH1Lagrange(ceed, dim, ncompu, P, Q,
584                                   bpOptions[bpChoice].qmode, &basisu);
585   CeedBasisCreateTensorH1Lagrange(ceed, dim, ncompx, 2, Q,
586                                   bpOptions[bpChoice].qmode, &basisx);
587 
588   // CEED restrictions
589   CreateRestriction(ceed, melem, P, ncompu, &Erestrictu);
590   CreateRestriction(ceed, melem, 2, dim, &Erestrictx);
591   CeedInt nelem = melem[0]*melem[1]*melem[2];
592   CeedElemRestrictionCreateIdentity(ceed, nelem, Q*Q*Q, nelem*Q*Q*Q, ncompu,
593                                     &Erestrictui);
594   CeedElemRestrictionCreateIdentity(ceed, nelem,
595                                     Q*Q*Q,
596                                     nelem*Q*Q*Q,
597                                     bpOptions[bpChoice].qdatasize, &Erestrictqdi);
598   CeedElemRestrictionCreateIdentity(ceed, nelem, Q*Q*Q, nelem*Q*Q*Q, 1,
599                                     &Erestrictxi);
600   {
601     CeedScalar *xloc;
602     CeedInt shape[3] = {melem[0]+1, melem[1]+1, melem[2]+1}, len =
603                          shape[0]*shape[1]*shape[2];
604     xloc = malloc(len*ncompx*sizeof xloc[0]);
605     for (CeedInt i=0; i<shape[0]; i++) {
606       for (CeedInt j=0; j<shape[1]; j++) {
607         for (CeedInt k=0; k<shape[2]; k++) {
608           xloc[((i*shape[1]+j)*shape[2]+k) + 0*len] = 1.*(irank[0]*melem[0]+i) /
609               (p[0]*melem[0]);
610           xloc[((i*shape[1]+j)*shape[2]+k) + 1*len] = 1.*(irank[1]*melem[1]+j) /
611               (p[1]*melem[1]);
612           xloc[((i*shape[1]+j)*shape[2]+k) + 2*len] = 1.*(irank[2]*melem[2]+k) /
613               (p[2]*melem[2]);
614         }
615       }
616     }
617     CeedVectorCreate(ceed, len*ncompx, &xcoord);
618     CeedVectorSetArray(xcoord, CEED_MEM_HOST, CEED_OWN_POINTER, xloc);
619   }
620 
621   // Create the Q-function that builds the operator (i.e. computes its
622   // quadrature data) and set its context data
623   CeedQFunctionCreateInterior(ceed, 1, bpOptions[bpChoice].setup,
624                               bpOptions[bpChoice].setupfname, &qf_setup);
625   CeedQFunctionAddInput(qf_setup, "x", ncompx, CEED_EVAL_INTERP);
626   CeedQFunctionAddInput(qf_setup, "dx", ncompx*dim, CEED_EVAL_GRAD);
627   CeedQFunctionAddInput(qf_setup, "weight", 1, CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT);
628   CeedQFunctionAddOutput(qf_setup, "rho", bpOptions[bpChoice].qdatasize,
629                          CEED_EVAL_NONE);
630   CeedQFunctionAddOutput(qf_setup, "true_soln", ncompu, CEED_EVAL_NONE);
631   CeedQFunctionAddOutput(qf_setup, "rhs", ncompu, CEED_EVAL_INTERP);
632 
633   // Set up PDE operator
634   CeedQFunctionCreateInterior(ceed, 1, bpOptions[bpChoice].apply,
635                               bpOptions[bpChoice].applyfname, &qf_apply);
636   // Add inputs and outputs
637   CeedInt gradInScale = bpOptions[bpChoice].inmode==CEED_EVAL_GRAD ? 3 : 1;
638   CeedInt gradOutScale = bpOptions[bpChoice].outmode==CEED_EVAL_GRAD ? 3 : 1;
639   CeedQFunctionAddInput(qf_apply, "u", ncompu*gradInScale,
640                          bpOptions[bpChoice].inmode);
641   CeedQFunctionAddInput(qf_apply, "rho", bpOptions[bpChoice].qdatasize,
642                         CEED_EVAL_NONE);
643   CeedQFunctionAddOutput(qf_apply, "v", ncompu*gradOutScale,
644                          bpOptions[bpChoice].outmode);
645 
646   // Create the error qfunction
647   CeedQFunctionCreateInterior(ceed, 1, bpOptions[bpChoice].error,
648                               bpOptions[bpChoice].errorfname, &qf_error);
649   CeedQFunctionAddInput(qf_error, "u", ncompu, CEED_EVAL_INTERP);
650   CeedQFunctionAddInput(qf_error, "true_soln", ncompu, CEED_EVAL_NONE);
651   CeedQFunctionAddOutput(qf_error, "error", ncompu, CEED_EVAL_NONE);
652 
653   // Create the persistent vectors that will be needed in setup
654   CeedInt nqpts;
655   CeedBasisGetNumQuadraturePoints(basisu, &nqpts);
656   CeedVectorCreate(ceed, bpOptions[bpChoice].qdatasize*nelem*nqpts, &rho);
657   CeedVectorCreate(ceed, nelem*nqpts*ncompu, &target);
658   CeedVectorCreate(ceed, lsize*ncompu, &rhsceed);
659 
660   // Create the operator that builds the quadrature data for the ceed operator
661   CeedOperatorCreate(ceed, qf_setup, NULL, NULL, &op_setup);
662   CeedOperatorSetField(op_setup, "x", Erestrictx, CEED_NOTRANSPOSE,
663                        basisx, CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE);
664   CeedOperatorSetField(op_setup, "dx", Erestrictx, CEED_NOTRANSPOSE,
665                        basisx, CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE);
666   CeedOperatorSetField(op_setup, "weight", Erestrictxi, CEED_NOTRANSPOSE,
667                        basisx, CEED_VECTOR_NONE);
668   CeedOperatorSetField(op_setup, "rho", Erestrictqdi, CEED_NOTRANSPOSE,
669                        CEED_BASIS_COLLOCATED, CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE);
670   CeedOperatorSetField(op_setup, "true_soln", Erestrictui, CEED_NOTRANSPOSE,
671                        CEED_BASIS_COLLOCATED, target);
672   CeedOperatorSetField(op_setup, "rhs", Erestrictu, CEED_TRANSPOSE,
673                        basisu, rhsceed);
674 
675   // Create the mass or diff operator
676   CeedOperatorCreate(ceed, qf_apply, NULL, NULL, &op_apply);
677   CeedOperatorSetField(op_apply, "u", Erestrictu, CEED_TRANSPOSE,
678                        basisu, CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE);
679   CeedOperatorSetField(op_apply, "rho", Erestrictqdi, CEED_NOTRANSPOSE,
680                        CEED_BASIS_COLLOCATED, rho);
681   CeedOperatorSetField(op_apply, "v", Erestrictu, CEED_TRANSPOSE,
682                        basisu, CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE);
683 
684   // Create the error operator
685   CeedOperatorCreate(ceed, qf_error, NULL, NULL, &op_error);
686   CeedOperatorSetField(op_error, "u", Erestrictu, CEED_TRANSPOSE,
687                        basisu, CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE);
688   CeedOperatorSetField(op_error, "true_soln", Erestrictui, CEED_NOTRANSPOSE,
689                        CEED_BASIS_COLLOCATED, target);
690   CeedOperatorSetField(op_error, "error", Erestrictui, CEED_NOTRANSPOSE,
691                        CEED_BASIS_COLLOCATED, CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE);
692 
693 
694   // Set up Mat
695   ierr = PetscMalloc1(1, &user); CHKERRQ(ierr);
696   user->comm = comm;
697   user->ltog = ltog;
698   if (bpChoice != CEED_BP1 && bpChoice != CEED_BP2) {
699     user->ltog0 = ltog0;
700     user->gtogD = gtogD;
701   }
702   user->Xloc = Xloc;
703   ierr = VecDuplicate(Xloc, &user->Yloc); CHKERRQ(ierr);
704   CeedVectorCreate(ceed, lsize*ncompu, &user->xceed);
705   CeedVectorCreate(ceed, lsize*ncompu, &user->yceed);
706   user->op = op_apply;
707   user->rho = rho;
708   user->ceed = ceed;
709 
710   ierr = MatCreateShell(comm, mnodes[0]*mnodes[1]*mnodes[2]*ncompu,
711                         mnodes[0]*mnodes[1]*mnodes[2]*ncompu,
712                         PETSC_DECIDE, PETSC_DECIDE, user, &mat); CHKERRQ(ierr);
713   if (bpChoice == CEED_BP1 || bpChoice == CEED_BP2) {
714     ierr = MatShellSetOperation(mat, MATOP_MULT, (void(*)(void))MatMult_Mass);
715     CHKERRQ(ierr);
716   } else {
717     ierr = MatShellSetOperation(mat, MATOP_MULT, (void(*)(void))MatMult_Diff);
718     CHKERRQ(ierr);
719   }
720   ierr = MatCreateVecs(mat, &rhs, NULL); CHKERRQ(ierr);
721 
722   // Get RHS vector
723   ierr = VecDuplicate(Xloc, &rhsloc); CHKERRQ(ierr);
724   ierr = VecZeroEntries(rhsloc); CHKERRQ(ierr);
725   ierr = VecGetArray(rhsloc, &r); CHKERRQ(ierr);
726   CeedVectorSetArray(rhsceed, CEED_MEM_HOST, CEED_USE_POINTER, r);
727 
728   // Setup rho, rhs, and target
729   CeedOperatorApply(op_setup, xcoord, rho, CEED_REQUEST_IMMEDIATE);
730   ierr = CeedVectorSyncArray(rhsceed, CEED_MEM_HOST); CHKERRQ(ierr);
731   CeedVectorDestroy(&xcoord);
732 
733   // Gather RHS
734   ierr = VecRestoreArray(rhsloc, &r); CHKERRQ(ierr);
735   ierr = VecZeroEntries(rhs); CHKERRQ(ierr);
736   ierr = VecScatterBegin(ltog, rhsloc, rhs, ADD_VALUES, SCATTER_FORWARD);
737   CHKERRQ(ierr);
738   ierr = VecScatterEnd(ltog, rhsloc, rhs, ADD_VALUES, SCATTER_FORWARD);
739   CHKERRQ(ierr);
740   CeedVectorDestroy(&rhsceed);
741 
742   ierr = KSPCreate(comm, &ksp); CHKERRQ(ierr);
743   {
744     PC pc;
745     ierr = KSPGetPC(ksp, &pc); CHKERRQ(ierr);
746     if (bpChoice == CEED_BP1 || bpChoice == CEED_BP2) {
747       ierr = PCSetType(pc, PCJACOBI); CHKERRQ(ierr);
748       ierr = PCJacobiSetType(pc, PC_JACOBI_ROWSUM); CHKERRQ(ierr);
749     } else {
750       ierr = PCSetType(pc, PCNONE); CHKERRQ(ierr);
751     }
752     ierr = KSPSetType(ksp, KSPCG); CHKERRQ(ierr);
753     ierr = KSPSetNormType(ksp, KSP_NORM_NATURAL); CHKERRQ(ierr);
754     ierr = KSPSetTolerances(ksp, 1e-10, PETSC_DEFAULT, PETSC_DEFAULT,
755                             PETSC_DEFAULT); CHKERRQ(ierr);
756   }
757   ierr = KSPSetFromOptions(ksp); CHKERRQ(ierr);
758   ierr = KSPSetOperators(ksp, mat, mat); CHKERRQ(ierr);
759   // First run, if benchmarking
760   if (benchmark_mode) {
761     ierr = KSPSetTolerances(ksp, 1e-10, PETSC_DEFAULT, PETSC_DEFAULT, 1);
762     CHKERRQ(ierr);
763     my_rt_start = MPI_Wtime();
764     ierr = KSPSolve(ksp, rhs, X); CHKERRQ(ierr);
765     my_rt = MPI_Wtime() - my_rt_start;
766     // Set maxits based on first iteration timing
767     if (my_rt > 0.02) {
768       ierr = KSPSetTolerances(ksp, 1e-10, PETSC_DEFAULT, PETSC_DEFAULT, 5);
769       CHKERRQ(ierr);
770     } else {
771       ierr = KSPSetTolerances(ksp, 1e-10, PETSC_DEFAULT, PETSC_DEFAULT, 20);
772       CHKERRQ(ierr);
773     }
774   }
775   // Timed solve
776   my_rt_start = MPI_Wtime();
777   ierr = KSPSolve(ksp, rhs, X); CHKERRQ(ierr);
778   my_rt = MPI_Wtime() - my_rt_start;
779   {
780     KSPType ksptype;
781     KSPConvergedReason reason;
782     PetscReal rnorm;
783     PetscInt its;
784     ierr = KSPGetType(ksp, &ksptype); CHKERRQ(ierr);
785     ierr = KSPGetConvergedReason(ksp, &reason); CHKERRQ(ierr);
786     ierr = KSPGetIterationNumber(ksp, &its); CHKERRQ(ierr);
787     ierr = KSPGetResidualNorm(ksp, &rnorm); CHKERRQ(ierr);
788     if (!test_mode || reason < 0 || rnorm > 1e-8) {
789       ierr = PetscPrintf(comm,
790                          "  KSP:\n"
791                          "    KSP Type                           : %s\n"
792                          "    KSP Convergence                    : %s\n"
793                          "    Total KSP Iterations               : %D\n"
794                          "    Final rnorm                        : %e\n",
795                          ksptype, KSPConvergedReasons[reason], its,
796                          (double)rnorm); CHKERRQ(ierr);
797     }
798     if (benchmark_mode && (!test_mode)) {
799       CeedInt gsize;
800       ierr = VecGetSize(X, &gsize); CHKERRQ(ierr);
801       MPI_Reduce(&my_rt, &rt_min, 1, MPI_DOUBLE, MPI_MIN, 0, comm);
802       MPI_Reduce(&my_rt, &rt_max, 1, MPI_DOUBLE, MPI_MAX, 0, comm);
803       ierr = PetscPrintf(comm,
804                          "  Performance:\n"
805                          "    CG Solve Time                      : %g (%g) sec\n"
806                          "    DoFs/Sec in CG                     : %g (%g) million\n",
807                          rt_max, rt_min, 1e-6*gsize*its/rt_max,
808                          1e-6*gsize*its/rt_min); CHKERRQ(ierr);
809     }
810   }
811 
812   {
813     PetscReal maxerror;
814     ierr = ComputeErrorMax(user, op_error, X, target, &maxerror); CHKERRQ(ierr);
815     PetscReal tol = (bpChoice == CEED_BP1 || bpChoice == CEED_BP2) ? 5e-3 : 5e-2;
816     if (!test_mode || maxerror > tol) {
817       ierr = PetscPrintf(comm,
818                          "    Pointwise Error (max)              : %e\n",
819                          (double)maxerror); CHKERRQ(ierr);
820     }
821   }
822 
823   if (write_solution) {
824     PetscViewer vtkviewersoln;
825 
826     ierr = PetscViewerCreate(comm, &vtkviewersoln); CHKERRQ(ierr);
827     ierr = PetscViewerSetType(vtkviewersoln, PETSCVIEWERVTK); CHKERRQ(ierr);
828     ierr = PetscViewerFileSetName(vtkviewersoln, "solution.vtk"); CHKERRQ(ierr);
829     ierr = VecView(X, vtkviewersoln); CHKERRQ(ierr);
830     ierr = PetscViewerDestroy(&vtkviewersoln); CHKERRQ(ierr);
831   }
832 
833   ierr = VecDestroy(&rhs); CHKERRQ(ierr);
834   ierr = VecDestroy(&rhsloc); CHKERRQ(ierr);
835   ierr = VecDestroy(&X); CHKERRQ(ierr);
836   ierr = VecDestroy(&user->Xloc); CHKERRQ(ierr);
837   ierr = VecDestroy(&user->Yloc); CHKERRQ(ierr);
838   ierr = VecScatterDestroy(&ltog); CHKERRQ(ierr);
839   ierr = VecScatterDestroy(&ltog0); CHKERRQ(ierr);
840   ierr = VecScatterDestroy(&gtogD); CHKERRQ(ierr);
841   ierr = MatDestroy(&mat); CHKERRQ(ierr);
842   ierr = KSPDestroy(&ksp); CHKERRQ(ierr);
843 
844   CeedVectorDestroy(&user->xceed);
845   CeedVectorDestroy(&user->yceed);
846   CeedVectorDestroy(&user->rho);
847   CeedVectorDestroy(&target);
848   CeedOperatorDestroy(&op_setup);
849   CeedOperatorDestroy(&op_apply);
850   CeedOperatorDestroy(&op_error);
851   CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&Erestrictu);
852   CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&Erestrictx);
853   CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&Erestrictui);
854   CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&Erestrictxi);
855   CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&Erestrictqdi);
856   CeedQFunctionDestroy(&qf_setup);
857   CeedQFunctionDestroy(&qf_apply);
858   CeedQFunctionDestroy(&qf_error);
859   CeedBasisDestroy(&basisu);
860   CeedBasisDestroy(&basisx);
861   CeedDestroy(&ceed);
862   ierr = PetscFree(user); CHKERRQ(ierr);
863   return PetscFinalize();
864 }
865