xref: /libCEED/examples/petsc/bpsraw.c (revision 9e201c85545dd39529c090846df629a32c15659b)
1 // Copyright (c) 2017-2022, Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC and other CEED contributors.
2 // All Rights Reserved. See the top-level LICENSE and NOTICE files for details.
3 //
4 // SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
5 //
6 // This file is part of CEED:  http://github.com/ceed
7 
8 //                        libCEED + PETSc Example: CEED BPs
9 //
10 // This example demonstrates a simple usage of libCEED with PETSc to solve the
11 // CEED BP benchmark problems, see http://ceed.exascaleproject.org/bps.
12 //
13 // The code is intentionally "raw", using only low-level communication
14 // primitives.
15 //
16 // Build with:
17 //
18 //     make bpsraw [PETSC_DIR=</path/to/petsc>] [CEED_DIR=</path/to/libceed>]
19 //
20 // Sample runs:
21 //
22 //     ./bpsraw -problem bp1
23 //     ./bpsraw -problem bp2
24 //     ./bpsraw -problem bp3
25 //     ./bpsraw -problem bp4
26 //     ./bpsraw -problem bp5 -ceed /cpu/self
27 //     ./bpsraw -problem bp6 -ceed /gpu/cuda
28 //
29 //TESTARGS -ceed {ceed_resource} -test -problem bp2 -degree 5 -q_extra 1 -ksp_max_it_clip 15,15
30 
31 /// @file
32 /// CEED BPs example using PETSc
33 /// See bps.c for an implementation using DMPlex unstructured grids.
34 const char help[] = "Solve CEED BPs using PETSc\n";
35 
36 #include <ceed.h>
37 #include <petscksp.h>
38 #include <petscsys.h>
39 #include <stdbool.h>
40 #include <string.h>
41 #include "qfunctions/bps/bp1.h"
42 #include "qfunctions/bps/bp2.h"
43 #include "qfunctions/bps/bp3.h"
44 #include "qfunctions/bps/bp4.h"
45 #include "qfunctions/bps/common.h"
46 
47 #if PETSC_VERSION_LT(3,12,0)
48 #ifdef PETSC_HAVE_CUDA
49 #include <petsccuda.h>
50 // Note: With PETSc prior to version 3.12.0, providing the source path to
51 //       include 'cublas_v2.h' will be needed to use 'petsccuda.h'.
52 #endif
53 #endif
54 
55 static CeedMemType MemTypeP2C(PetscMemType mem_type) {
56   return PetscMemTypeDevice(mem_type) ? CEED_MEM_DEVICE : CEED_MEM_HOST;
57 }
58 
59 static void Split3(PetscInt size, PetscInt m[3], bool reverse) {
60   for (PetscInt d=0, size_left=size; d<3; d++) {
61     PetscInt try = (PetscInt)PetscCeilReal(PetscPowReal(size_left, 1./(3 - d)));
62     while (try * (size_left / try) != size_left) try++;
63     m[reverse ? 2-d : d] = try;
64     size_left /= try;
65   }
66 }
67 
68 static PetscInt Max3(const PetscInt a[3]) {
69   return PetscMax(a[0], PetscMax(a[1], a[2]));
70 }
71 static PetscInt Min3(const PetscInt a[3]) {
72   return PetscMin(a[0], PetscMin(a[1], a[2]));
73 }
74 static void GlobalNodes(const PetscInt p[3], const PetscInt i_rank[3],
75                         PetscInt degree, const PetscInt mesh_elem[3],
76                         PetscInt m_nodes[3]) {
77   for (int d=0; d<3; d++)
78     m_nodes[d] = degree*mesh_elem[d] + (i_rank[d] == p[d]-1);
79 }
80 static PetscInt GlobalStart(const PetscInt p[3], const PetscInt i_rank[3],
81                             PetscInt degree, const PetscInt mesh_elem[3]) {
82   PetscInt start = 0;
83   // Dumb brute-force is easier to read
84   for (PetscInt i=0; i<p[0]; i++) {
85     for (PetscInt j=0; j<p[1]; j++) {
86       for (PetscInt k=0; k<p[2]; k++) {
87         PetscInt m_nodes[3], ijk_rank[] = {i,j,k};
88         if (i == i_rank[0] && j == i_rank[1] && k == i_rank[2]) return start;
89         GlobalNodes(p, ijk_rank, degree, mesh_elem, m_nodes);
90         start += m_nodes[0] * m_nodes[1] * m_nodes[2];
91       }
92     }
93   }
94   return -1;
95 }
96 static PetscErrorCode CreateRestriction(Ceed ceed, const CeedInt mesh_elem[3],
97                                         CeedInt P,
98                                         CeedInt num_comp, CeedElemRestriction *elem_restr) {
99   const PetscInt num_elem = mesh_elem[0]*mesh_elem[1]*mesh_elem[2];
100   PetscInt m_nodes[3], *idx, *idx_p;
101 
102   PetscFunctionBeginUser;
103   // Get indicies
104   for (int d=0; d<3; d++) m_nodes[d] = mesh_elem[d]*(P-1) + 1;
105   idx_p = idx = malloc(num_elem*P*P*P*sizeof idx[0]);
106   for (CeedInt i=0; i<mesh_elem[0]; i++)
107     for (CeedInt j=0; j<mesh_elem[1]; j++)
108       for (CeedInt k=0; k<mesh_elem[2]; k++,idx_p += P*P*P)
109         for (CeedInt ii=0; ii<P; ii++)
110           for (CeedInt jj=0; jj<P; jj++)
111             for (CeedInt kk=0; kk<P; kk++) {
112               if (0) { // This is the C-style (i,j,k) ordering that I prefer
113                 idx_p[(ii*P+jj)*P+kk] = num_comp*(((i*(P-1)+ii)*m_nodes[1]
114                                                    + (j*(P-1)+jj))*m_nodes[2]
115                                                   + (k*(P-1)+kk));
116               } else { // (k,j,i) ordering for consistency with MFEM example
117                 idx_p[ii+P*(jj+P*kk)] = num_comp*(((i*(P-1)+ii)*m_nodes[1]
118                                                    + (j*(P-1)+jj))*m_nodes[2]
119                                                   + (k*(P-1)+kk));
120               }
121             }
122 
123   // Setup CEED restriction
124   CeedElemRestrictionCreate(ceed, num_elem, P*P*P, num_comp, 1,
125                             m_nodes[0]*m_nodes[1]*m_nodes[2]*num_comp,
126                             CEED_MEM_HOST, CEED_OWN_POINTER, idx, elem_restr);
127 
128   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
129 }
130 
131 // Data for PETSc
132 typedef struct User_ *User;
133 struct User_ {
134   MPI_Comm comm;
135   VecScatter l_to_g;              // Scatter for all entries
136   VecScatter l_to_g_0;            // Skip Dirichlet values
137   VecScatter g_to_g_D;            // global-to-global; only Dirichlet values
138   Vec X_loc, Y_loc;
139   CeedVector x_ceed, y_ceed;
140   CeedOperator op;
141   CeedVector q_data;
142   Ceed ceed;
143 };
144 
145 // BP Options
146 typedef enum {
147   CEED_BP1 = 0, CEED_BP2 = 1, CEED_BP3 = 2,
148   CEED_BP4 = 3, CEED_BP5 = 4, CEED_BP6 = 5
149 } BPType;
150 static const char *const bp_types[] = {"bp1","bp2","bp3","bp4","bp5","bp6",
151                                        "BPType","CEED_BP",0
152                                       };
153 
154 // BP specific data
155 typedef struct {
156   CeedInt num_comp_u, q_data_size, q_extra;
157   CeedQFunctionUser setup_geo, setup_rhs, apply, error;
158   const char *setup_geo_loc, *setup_rhs_loc, *apply_loc, *error_loc;
159   CeedEvalMode in_mode, out_mode;
160   CeedQuadMode q_mode;
161 } BPData;
162 
163 BPData bp_options[6] = {
164   [CEED_BP1] = {
165     .num_comp_u = 1,
166     .q_data_size = 1,
167     .q_extra = 1,
168     .setup_geo = SetupMassGeo,
169     .setup_rhs = SetupMassRhs,
170     .apply = Mass,
171     .error = Error,
172     .setup_geo_loc = SetupMassGeo_loc,
173     .setup_rhs_loc = SetupMassRhs_loc,
174     .apply_loc = Mass_loc,
175     .error_loc = Error_loc,
176     .in_mode = CEED_EVAL_INTERP,
177     .out_mode = CEED_EVAL_INTERP,
178     .q_mode = CEED_GAUSS
179   },
180   [CEED_BP2] = {
181     .num_comp_u = 3,
182     .q_data_size = 1,
183     .q_extra = 1,
184     .setup_geo = SetupMassGeo,
185     .setup_rhs = SetupMassRhs3,
186     .apply = Mass3,
187     .error = Error3,
188     .setup_geo_loc = SetupMassGeo_loc,
189     .setup_rhs_loc = SetupMassRhs3_loc,
190     .apply_loc = Mass3_loc,
191     .error_loc = Error3_loc,
192     .in_mode = CEED_EVAL_INTERP,
193     .out_mode = CEED_EVAL_INTERP,
194     .q_mode = CEED_GAUSS
195   },
196   [CEED_BP3] = {
197     .num_comp_u = 1,
198     .q_data_size = 7,
199     .q_extra = 1,
200     .setup_geo = SetupDiffGeo,
201     .setup_rhs = SetupDiffRhs,
202     .apply = Diff,
203     .error = Error,
204     .setup_geo_loc = SetupDiffGeo_loc,
205     .setup_rhs_loc = SetupDiffRhs_loc,
206     .apply_loc = Diff_loc,
207     .error_loc = Error_loc,
208     .in_mode = CEED_EVAL_GRAD,
209     .out_mode = CEED_EVAL_GRAD,
210     .q_mode = CEED_GAUSS
211   },
212   [CEED_BP4] = {
213     .num_comp_u = 3,
214     .q_data_size = 7,
215     .q_extra = 1,
216     .setup_geo = SetupDiffGeo,
217     .setup_rhs = SetupDiffRhs3,
218     .apply = Diff3,
219     .error = Error3,
220     .setup_geo_loc = SetupDiffGeo_loc,
221     .setup_rhs_loc = SetupDiffRhs3_loc,
222     .apply_loc = Diff3_loc,
223     .error_loc = Error3_loc,
224     .in_mode = CEED_EVAL_GRAD,
225     .out_mode = CEED_EVAL_GRAD,
226     .q_mode = CEED_GAUSS
227   },
228   [CEED_BP5] = {
229     .num_comp_u = 1,
230     .q_data_size = 7,
231     .q_extra = 0,
232     .setup_geo = SetupDiffGeo,
233     .setup_rhs = SetupDiffRhs,
234     .apply = Diff,
235     .error = Error,
236     .setup_geo_loc = SetupDiffGeo_loc,
237     .setup_rhs_loc = SetupDiffRhs_loc,
238     .apply_loc = Diff_loc,
239     .error_loc = Error_loc,
240     .in_mode = CEED_EVAL_GRAD,
241     .out_mode = CEED_EVAL_GRAD,
242     .q_mode = CEED_GAUSS_LOBATTO
243   },
244   [CEED_BP6] = {
245     .num_comp_u = 3,
246     .q_data_size = 7,
247     .q_extra = 0,
248     .setup_geo = SetupDiffGeo,
249     .setup_rhs = SetupDiffRhs3,
250     .apply = Diff3,
251     .error = Error3,
252     .setup_geo_loc = SetupDiffGeo_loc,
253     .setup_rhs_loc = SetupDiffRhs3_loc,
254     .apply_loc = Diff3_loc,
255     .error_loc = Error3_loc,
256     .in_mode = CEED_EVAL_GRAD,
257     .out_mode = CEED_EVAL_GRAD,
258     .q_mode = CEED_GAUSS_LOBATTO
259   }
260 };
261 
262 // This function uses libCEED to compute the action of the mass matrix
263 static PetscErrorCode MatMult_Mass(Mat A, Vec X, Vec Y) {
264   PetscErrorCode ierr;
265   User user;
266   PetscScalar *x, *y;
267   PetscMemType x_mem_type, y_mem_type;
268 
269   PetscFunctionBeginUser;
270 
271   ierr = MatShellGetContext(A, &user); CHKERRQ(ierr);
272 
273   // Global-to-local
274   ierr = VecScatterBegin(user->l_to_g, X, user->X_loc, INSERT_VALUES,
275                          SCATTER_REVERSE); CHKERRQ(ierr);
276   ierr = VecScatterEnd(user->l_to_g, X, user->X_loc, INSERT_VALUES,
277                        SCATTER_REVERSE); CHKERRQ(ierr);
278 
279   // Setup libCEED vectors
280   ierr = VecGetArrayReadAndMemType(user->X_loc, (const PetscScalar **)&x,
281                                    &x_mem_type); CHKERRQ(ierr);
282   ierr = VecGetArrayAndMemType(user->Y_loc, &y, &y_mem_type); CHKERRQ(ierr);
283   CeedVectorSetArray(user->x_ceed, MemTypeP2C(x_mem_type), CEED_USE_POINTER, x);
284   CeedVectorSetArray(user->y_ceed, MemTypeP2C(y_mem_type), CEED_USE_POINTER, y);
285 
286   // Apply libCEED operator
287   CeedOperatorApply(user->op, user->x_ceed, user->y_ceed,
288                     CEED_REQUEST_IMMEDIATE);
289 
290   // Restore PETSc vectors
291   CeedVectorTakeArray(user->x_ceed, MemTypeP2C(x_mem_type), NULL);
292   CeedVectorTakeArray(user->y_ceed, MemTypeP2C(y_mem_type), NULL);
293   ierr = VecRestoreArrayReadAndMemType(user->X_loc, (const PetscScalar **)&x);
294   CHKERRQ(ierr);
295   ierr = VecRestoreArrayAndMemType(user->Y_loc, &y); CHKERRQ(ierr);
296 
297   // Local-to-global
298   if (Y) {
299     ierr = VecZeroEntries(Y); CHKERRQ(ierr);
300     ierr = VecScatterBegin(user->l_to_g, user->Y_loc, Y, ADD_VALUES,
301                            SCATTER_FORWARD); CHKERRQ(ierr);
302     ierr = VecScatterEnd(user->l_to_g, user->Y_loc, Y, ADD_VALUES,
303                          SCATTER_FORWARD); CHKERRQ(ierr);
304   }
305   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
306 }
307 
308 // This function uses libCEED to compute the action of the Laplacian with
309 // Dirichlet boundary conditions
310 static PetscErrorCode MatMult_Diff(Mat A, Vec X, Vec Y) {
311   PetscErrorCode ierr;
312   User user;
313   PetscScalar *x, *y;
314   PetscMemType x_mem_type, y_mem_type;
315 
316   PetscFunctionBeginUser;
317 
318   ierr = MatShellGetContext(A, &user); CHKERRQ(ierr);
319 
320   // Global-to-local
321   ierr = VecScatterBegin(user->l_to_g_0, X, user->X_loc, INSERT_VALUES,
322                          SCATTER_REVERSE); CHKERRQ(ierr);
323   ierr = VecScatterEnd(user->l_to_g_0, X, user->X_loc, INSERT_VALUES,
324                        SCATTER_REVERSE);
325   CHKERRQ(ierr);
326 
327   // Setup libCEED vectors
328   ierr = VecGetArrayReadAndMemType(user->X_loc, (const PetscScalar **)&x,
329                                    &x_mem_type); CHKERRQ(ierr);
330   ierr = VecGetArrayAndMemType(user->Y_loc, &y, &y_mem_type); CHKERRQ(ierr);
331   CeedVectorSetArray(user->x_ceed, MemTypeP2C(x_mem_type), CEED_USE_POINTER, x);
332   CeedVectorSetArray(user->y_ceed, MemTypeP2C(y_mem_type), CEED_USE_POINTER, y);
333 
334   // Apply libCEED operator
335   CeedOperatorApply(user->op, user->x_ceed, user->y_ceed,
336                     CEED_REQUEST_IMMEDIATE);
337 
338   // Restore PETSc vectors
339   CeedVectorTakeArray(user->x_ceed, MemTypeP2C(x_mem_type), NULL);
340   CeedVectorTakeArray(user->y_ceed, MemTypeP2C(y_mem_type), NULL);
341   ierr = VecRestoreArrayReadAndMemType(user->X_loc, (const PetscScalar **)&x);
342   CHKERRQ(ierr);
343   ierr = VecRestoreArrayAndMemType(user->Y_loc, &y); CHKERRQ(ierr);
344 
345   // Local-to-global
346   ierr = VecZeroEntries(Y); CHKERRQ(ierr);
347   ierr = VecScatterBegin(user->g_to_g_D, X, Y, INSERT_VALUES, SCATTER_FORWARD);
348   CHKERRQ(ierr);
349   ierr = VecScatterEnd(user->g_to_g_D, X, Y, INSERT_VALUES, SCATTER_FORWARD);
350   CHKERRQ(ierr);
351   ierr = VecScatterBegin(user->l_to_g_0, user->Y_loc, Y, ADD_VALUES,
352                          SCATTER_FORWARD); CHKERRQ(ierr);
353   ierr = VecScatterEnd(user->l_to_g_0, user->Y_loc, Y, ADD_VALUES,
354                        SCATTER_FORWARD);
355   CHKERRQ(ierr);
356 
357   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
358 }
359 
360 // This function calculates the error in the final solution
361 static PetscErrorCode ComputeErrorMax(User user, CeedOperator op_error, Vec X,
362                                       CeedVector target, PetscReal *max_error) {
363   PetscErrorCode ierr;
364   PetscScalar *x;
365   PetscMemType mem_type;
366   CeedVector collocated_error;
367   CeedSize length;
368 
369   PetscFunctionBeginUser;
370 
371   CeedVectorGetLength(target, &length);
372   CeedVectorCreate(user->ceed, length, &collocated_error);
373 
374   // Global-to-local
375   ierr = VecScatterBegin(user->l_to_g, X, user->X_loc, INSERT_VALUES,
376                          SCATTER_REVERSE); CHKERRQ(ierr);
377   ierr = VecScatterEnd(user->l_to_g, X, user->X_loc, INSERT_VALUES,
378                        SCATTER_REVERSE); CHKERRQ(ierr);
379 
380   // Setup libCEED vector
381   ierr = VecGetArrayReadAndMemType(user->X_loc, (const PetscScalar **)&x,
382                                    &mem_type); CHKERRQ(ierr);
383   CeedVectorSetArray(user->x_ceed, MemTypeP2C(mem_type), CEED_USE_POINTER, x);
384 
385   // Apply libCEED operator
386   CeedOperatorApply(op_error, user->x_ceed, collocated_error,
387                     CEED_REQUEST_IMMEDIATE);
388 
389   // Restore PETSc vector
390   CeedVectorTakeArray(user->x_ceed, MemTypeP2C(mem_type), NULL);
391   ierr = VecRestoreArrayReadAndMemType(user->X_loc, (const PetscScalar **)&x);
392   CHKERRQ(ierr);
393 
394   // Reduce max error
395   *max_error = 0;
396   const CeedScalar *e;
397   CeedVectorGetArrayRead(collocated_error, CEED_MEM_HOST, &e);
398   for (CeedInt i=0; i<length; i++) {
399     *max_error = PetscMax(*max_error, PetscAbsScalar(e[i]));
400   }
401   CeedVectorRestoreArrayRead(collocated_error, &e);
402   ierr = MPI_Allreduce(MPI_IN_PLACE, max_error, 1, MPIU_REAL, MPIU_MAX,
403                        user->comm); CHKERRQ(ierr);
404 
405   // Cleanup
406   CeedVectorDestroy(&collocated_error);
407 
408   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
409 }
410 
411 int main(int argc, char **argv) {
412   PetscInt ierr;
413   MPI_Comm comm;
414   char ceed_resource[PETSC_MAX_PATH_LEN] = "/cpu/self";
415   double my_rt_start, my_rt, rt_min, rt_max;
416   PetscInt degree, q_extra, local_nodes, local_elem, mesh_elem[3], m_nodes[3],
417            p[3],
418            i_rank[3], l_nodes[3], l_size, num_comp_u = 1, ksp_max_it_clip[2];
419   PetscScalar *r;
420   PetscBool test_mode, benchmark_mode, write_solution;
421   PetscMPIInt size, rank;
422   PetscLogStage solve_stage;
423   Vec X, X_loc, rhs, rhs_loc;
424   Mat mat;
425   KSP ksp;
426   VecScatter l_to_g, l_to_g_0, g_to_g_D;
427   PetscMemType mem_type;
428   User user;
429   Ceed ceed;
430   CeedBasis basis_x, basis_u;
431   CeedElemRestriction elem_restr_x, elem_restr_u, elem_restr_u_i, elem_restr_qd_i;
432   CeedQFunction qf_setup_geo, qf_setup_rhs, qf_apply, qf_error;
433   CeedOperator op_setup_geo, op_setup_rhs, op_apply, op_error;
434   CeedVector x_coord, q_data, rhs_ceed, target;
435   CeedInt P, Q;
436   const CeedInt dim = 3, num_comp_x = 3;
437   BPType bp_choice;
438 
439   ierr = PetscInitialize(&argc, &argv, NULL, help);
440   if (ierr) return ierr;
441   comm = PETSC_COMM_WORLD;
442 
443   // Read command line options
444   PetscOptionsBegin(comm, NULL, "CEED BPs in PETSc", NULL);
445   bp_choice = CEED_BP1;
446   ierr = PetscOptionsEnum("-problem",
447                           "CEED benchmark problem to solve", NULL,
448                           bp_types, (PetscEnum)bp_choice, (PetscEnum *)&bp_choice,
449                           NULL); CHKERRQ(ierr);
450   num_comp_u = bp_options[bp_choice].num_comp_u;
451   test_mode = PETSC_FALSE;
452   ierr = PetscOptionsBool("-test",
453                           "Testing mode (do not print unless error is large)",
454                           NULL, test_mode, &test_mode, NULL); CHKERRQ(ierr);
455   benchmark_mode = PETSC_FALSE;
456   ierr = PetscOptionsBool("-benchmark",
457                           "Benchmarking mode (prints benchmark statistics)",
458                           NULL, benchmark_mode, &benchmark_mode, NULL);
459   CHKERRQ(ierr);
460   write_solution = PETSC_FALSE;
461   ierr = PetscOptionsBool("-write_solution",
462                           "Write solution for visualization",
463                           NULL, write_solution, &write_solution, NULL);
464   CHKERRQ(ierr);
465   degree = test_mode ? 3 : 1;
466   ierr = PetscOptionsInt("-degree", "Polynomial degree of tensor product basis",
467                          NULL, degree, &degree, NULL); CHKERRQ(ierr);
468   q_extra = bp_options[bp_choice].q_extra;
469   ierr = PetscOptionsInt("-q_extra", "Number of extra quadrature points",
470                          NULL, q_extra, &q_extra, NULL); CHKERRQ(ierr);
471   ierr = PetscOptionsString("-ceed", "CEED resource specifier",
472                             NULL, ceed_resource, ceed_resource,
473                             sizeof(ceed_resource), NULL); CHKERRQ(ierr);
474   local_nodes = 1000;
475   ierr = PetscOptionsInt("-local",
476                          "Target number of locally owned nodes per process",
477                          NULL, local_nodes, &local_nodes, NULL); CHKERRQ(ierr);
478   PetscInt two = 2;
479   ksp_max_it_clip[0] = 5;
480   ksp_max_it_clip[1] = 20;
481   ierr = PetscOptionsIntArray("-ksp_max_it_clip",
482                               "Min and max number of iterations to use during benchmarking",
483                               NULL, ksp_max_it_clip, &two, NULL);
484   CHKERRQ(ierr);
485   PetscOptionsEnd();
486   P = degree + 1;
487   Q = P + q_extra;
488 
489   // Set up libCEED
490   CeedInit(ceed_resource, &ceed);
491   CeedMemType mem_type_backend;
492   CeedGetPreferredMemType(ceed, &mem_type_backend);
493 
494   VecType default_vec_type = NULL, vec_type;
495   switch (mem_type_backend) {
496   case CEED_MEM_HOST: default_vec_type = VECSTANDARD; break;
497   case CEED_MEM_DEVICE: {
498     const char *resolved;
499     CeedGetResource(ceed, &resolved);
500     if (strstr(resolved, "/gpu/cuda")) default_vec_type = VECCUDA;
501     else if (strstr(resolved, "/gpu/hip/occa"))
502       default_vec_type = VECSTANDARD; // https://github.com/CEED/libCEED/issues/678
503     else if (strstr(resolved, "/gpu/hip")) default_vec_type = VECHIP;
504     else default_vec_type = VECSTANDARD;
505   }
506   }
507 
508   // Determine size of process grid
509   ierr = MPI_Comm_size(comm, &size); CHKERRQ(ierr);
510   Split3(size, p, false);
511 
512   // Find a nicely composite number of elements no less than local_nodes
513   for (local_elem = PetscMax(1, local_nodes / (degree*degree*degree)); ;
514        local_elem++) {
515     Split3(local_elem, mesh_elem, true);
516     if (Max3(mesh_elem) / Min3(mesh_elem) <= 2) break;
517   }
518 
519   // Find my location in the process grid
520   ierr = MPI_Comm_rank(comm, &rank); CHKERRQ(ierr);
521   for (int d=0, rank_left=rank; d<dim; d++) {
522     const int pstride[3] = {p[1] *p[2], p[2], 1};
523     i_rank[d] = rank_left / pstride[d];
524     rank_left -= i_rank[d] * pstride[d];
525   }
526 
527   GlobalNodes(p, i_rank, degree, mesh_elem, m_nodes);
528 
529   // Setup global vector
530   ierr = VecCreate(comm, &X); CHKERRQ(ierr);
531   ierr = VecSetType(X, default_vec_type); CHKERRQ(ierr);
532   ierr = VecSetSizes(X, m_nodes[0]*m_nodes[1]*m_nodes[2]*num_comp_u,
533                      PETSC_DECIDE);
534   CHKERRQ(ierr);
535   ierr = VecSetFromOptions(X); CHKERRQ(ierr);
536   ierr = VecSetUp(X); CHKERRQ(ierr);
537 
538   // Set up libCEED
539   CeedInit(ceed_resource, &ceed);
540 
541   // Print summary
542   CeedInt gsize;
543   ierr = VecGetSize(X, &gsize); CHKERRQ(ierr);
544   if (!test_mode) {
545     const char *used_resource;
546     CeedGetResource(ceed, &used_resource);
547 
548     ierr = VecGetType(X, &vec_type); CHKERRQ(ierr);
549 
550     ierr = PetscPrintf(comm,
551                        "\n-- CEED Benchmark Problem %" CeedInt_FMT " -- libCEED + PETSc --\n"
552                        "  PETSc:\n"
553                        "    PETSc Vec Type                     : %s\n"
554                        "  libCEED:\n"
555                        "    libCEED Backend                    : %s\n"
556                        "    libCEED Backend MemType            : %s\n"
557                        "  Mesh:\n"
558                        "    Number of 1D Basis Nodes (P)       : %" CeedInt_FMT "\n"
559                        "    Number of 1D Quadrature Points (Q) : %" CeedInt_FMT "\n"
560                        "    Global nodes                       : %" PetscInt_FMT "\n"
561                        "    Process Decomposition              : %" PetscInt_FMT
562                        " %" PetscInt_FMT " %" PetscInt_FMT "\n"
563                        "    Local Elements                     : %" PetscInt_FMT
564                        " = %" PetscInt_FMT " %" PetscInt_FMT " %" PetscInt_FMT "\n"
565                        "    Owned nodes                        : %" PetscInt_FMT
566                        " = %" PetscInt_FMT " %" PetscInt_FMT " %" PetscInt_FMT "\n"
567                        "    DoF per node                       : %" PetscInt_FMT "\n",
568                        bp_choice+1, vec_type, used_resource,
569                        CeedMemTypes[mem_type_backend],
570                        P, Q,  gsize/num_comp_u, p[0], p[1], p[2], local_elem,
571                        mesh_elem[0], mesh_elem[1], mesh_elem[2],
572                        m_nodes[0]*m_nodes[1]*m_nodes[2], m_nodes[0], m_nodes[1],
573                        m_nodes[2], num_comp_u); CHKERRQ(ierr);
574   }
575 
576   {
577     l_size = 1;
578     for (int d=0; d<dim; d++) {
579       l_nodes[d] = mesh_elem[d]*degree + 1;
580       l_size *= l_nodes[d];
581     }
582     ierr = VecCreate(PETSC_COMM_SELF, &X_loc); CHKERRQ(ierr);
583     ierr = VecSetType(X_loc, default_vec_type); CHKERRQ(ierr);
584     ierr = VecSetSizes(X_loc, l_size*num_comp_u, PETSC_DECIDE); CHKERRQ(ierr);
585     ierr = VecSetFromOptions(X_loc); CHKERRQ(ierr);
586     ierr = VecSetUp(X_loc); CHKERRQ(ierr);
587 
588     // Create local-to-global scatter
589     PetscInt *l_to_g_ind, *l_to_g_ind_0, *loc_ind, l_0_count;
590     IS l_to_g_is, l_to_g_is_0, loc_is;
591     PetscInt g_start[2][2][2], g_m_nodes[2][2][2][dim];
592 
593     for (int i=0; i<2; i++) {
594       for (int j=0; j<2; j++) {
595         for (int k=0; k<2; k++) {
596           PetscInt ijk_rank[3] = {i_rank[0]+i, i_rank[1]+j, i_rank[2]+k};
597           g_start[i][j][k] = GlobalStart(p, ijk_rank, degree, mesh_elem);
598           GlobalNodes(p, ijk_rank, degree, mesh_elem, g_m_nodes[i][j][k]);
599         }
600       }
601     }
602 
603     ierr = PetscMalloc1(l_size, &l_to_g_ind); CHKERRQ(ierr);
604     ierr = PetscMalloc1(l_size, &l_to_g_ind_0); CHKERRQ(ierr);
605     ierr = PetscMalloc1(l_size, &loc_ind); CHKERRQ(ierr);
606     l_0_count = 0;
607     for (PetscInt i=0,ir,ii; ir=i>=m_nodes[0], ii=i-ir*m_nodes[0], i<l_nodes[0];
608          i++)
609       for (PetscInt j=0,jr,jj; jr=j>=m_nodes[1], jj=j-jr*m_nodes[1], j<l_nodes[1];
610            j++)
611         for (PetscInt k=0,kr,kk; kr=k>=m_nodes[2], kk=k-kr*m_nodes[2], k<l_nodes[2];
612              k++) {
613           PetscInt here = (i*l_nodes[1]+j)*l_nodes[2]+k;
614           l_to_g_ind[here] =
615             g_start[ir][jr][kr] + (ii*g_m_nodes[ir][jr][kr][1]+jj)*g_m_nodes[ir][jr][kr][2]
616             +kk;
617           if ((i_rank[0] == 0 && i == 0)
618               || (i_rank[1] == 0 && j == 0)
619               || (i_rank[2] == 0 && k == 0)
620               || (i_rank[0]+1 == p[0] && i+1 == l_nodes[0])
621               || (i_rank[1]+1 == p[1] && j+1 == l_nodes[1])
622               || (i_rank[2]+1 == p[2] && k+1 == l_nodes[2]))
623             continue;
624           l_to_g_ind_0[l_0_count] = l_to_g_ind[here];
625           loc_ind[l_0_count++] = here;
626         }
627     ierr = ISCreateBlock(comm, num_comp_u, l_size, l_to_g_ind, PETSC_OWN_POINTER,
628                          &l_to_g_is); CHKERRQ(ierr);
629     ierr = VecScatterCreate(X_loc, NULL, X, l_to_g_is, &l_to_g); CHKERRQ(ierr);
630     CHKERRQ(ierr);
631     ierr = ISCreateBlock(comm, num_comp_u, l_0_count, l_to_g_ind_0,
632                          PETSC_OWN_POINTER,
633                          &l_to_g_is_0); CHKERRQ(ierr);
634     ierr = ISCreateBlock(comm, num_comp_u, l_0_count, loc_ind, PETSC_OWN_POINTER,
635                          &loc_is); CHKERRQ(ierr);
636     ierr = VecScatterCreate(X_loc, loc_is, X, l_to_g_is_0, &l_to_g_0);
637     CHKERRQ(ierr);
638     {
639       // Create global-to-global scatter for Dirichlet values (everything not in
640       // l_to_g_is_0, which is the range of l_to_g_0)
641       PetscInt x_start, x_end, *ind_D, count_D = 0;
642       IS is_D;
643       const PetscScalar *x;
644       ierr = VecZeroEntries(X_loc); CHKERRQ(ierr);
645       ierr = VecSet(X, 1.0); CHKERRQ(ierr);
646       ierr = VecScatterBegin(l_to_g_0, X_loc, X, INSERT_VALUES, SCATTER_FORWARD);
647       CHKERRQ(ierr);
648       ierr = VecScatterEnd(l_to_g_0, X_loc, X, INSERT_VALUES, SCATTER_FORWARD);
649       CHKERRQ(ierr);
650       ierr = VecGetOwnershipRange(X, &x_start, &x_end); CHKERRQ(ierr);
651       ierr = PetscMalloc1(x_end-x_start, &ind_D); CHKERRQ(ierr);
652       ierr = VecGetArrayRead(X, &x); CHKERRQ(ierr);
653       for (PetscInt i=0; i<x_end-x_start; i++) {
654         if (x[i] == 1.) ind_D[count_D++] = x_start + i;
655       }
656       ierr = VecRestoreArrayRead(X, &x); CHKERRQ(ierr);
657       ierr = ISCreateGeneral(comm, count_D, ind_D, PETSC_COPY_VALUES, &is_D);
658       CHKERRQ(ierr);
659       ierr = PetscFree(ind_D); CHKERRQ(ierr);
660       ierr = VecScatterCreate(X, is_D, X, is_D, &g_to_g_D); CHKERRQ(ierr);
661       ierr = ISDestroy(&is_D); CHKERRQ(ierr);
662     }
663     ierr = ISDestroy(&l_to_g_is); CHKERRQ(ierr);
664     ierr = ISDestroy(&l_to_g_is_0); CHKERRQ(ierr);
665     ierr = ISDestroy(&loc_is); CHKERRQ(ierr);
666   }
667 
668   // CEED bases
669   CeedBasisCreateTensorH1Lagrange(ceed, dim, num_comp_u, P, Q,
670                                   bp_options[bp_choice].q_mode, &basis_u);
671   CeedBasisCreateTensorH1Lagrange(ceed, dim, num_comp_x, 2, Q,
672                                   bp_options[bp_choice].q_mode, &basis_x);
673 
674   // CEED restrictions
675   CreateRestriction(ceed, mesh_elem, P, num_comp_u, &elem_restr_u);
676   CreateRestriction(ceed, mesh_elem, 2, dim, &elem_restr_x);
677   CeedInt num_elem = mesh_elem[0]*mesh_elem[1]*mesh_elem[2];
678   CeedElemRestrictionCreateStrided(ceed, num_elem, Q*Q*Q, num_comp_u,
679                                    num_comp_u*num_elem*Q*Q*Q,
680                                    CEED_STRIDES_BACKEND, &elem_restr_u_i);
681   CeedElemRestrictionCreateStrided(ceed, num_elem, Q*Q*Q,
682                                    bp_options[bp_choice].q_data_size,
683                                    bp_options[bp_choice].q_data_size*num_elem*Q*Q*Q,
684                                    CEED_STRIDES_BACKEND, &elem_restr_qd_i);
685   {
686     CeedScalar *x_loc;
687     CeedInt shape[3] = {mesh_elem[0]+1, mesh_elem[1]+1, mesh_elem[2]+1}, len =
688                          shape[0]*shape[1]*shape[2];
689     x_loc = malloc(len*num_comp_x*sizeof x_loc[0]);
690     for (CeedInt i=0; i<shape[0]; i++) {
691       for (CeedInt j=0; j<shape[1]; j++) {
692         for (CeedInt k=0; k<shape[2]; k++) {
693           x_loc[dim*((i*shape[1]+j)*shape[2]+k) + 0] = 1.*(i_rank[0]*mesh_elem[0]+i) /
694               (p[0]*mesh_elem[0]);
695           x_loc[dim*((i*shape[1]+j)*shape[2]+k) + 1] = 1.*(i_rank[1]*mesh_elem[1]+j) /
696               (p[1]*mesh_elem[1]);
697           x_loc[dim*((i*shape[1]+j)*shape[2]+k) + 2] = 1.*(i_rank[2]*mesh_elem[2]+k) /
698               (p[2]*mesh_elem[2]);
699         }
700       }
701     }
702     CeedVectorCreate(ceed, len*num_comp_x, &x_coord);
703     CeedVectorSetArray(x_coord, CEED_MEM_HOST, CEED_OWN_POINTER, x_loc);
704   }
705 
706   // Create the QFunction that builds the operator quadrature data
707   CeedQFunctionCreateInterior(ceed, 1, bp_options[bp_choice].setup_geo,
708                               bp_options[bp_choice].setup_geo_loc, &qf_setup_geo);
709   CeedQFunctionAddInput(qf_setup_geo, "x", num_comp_x, CEED_EVAL_INTERP);
710   CeedQFunctionAddInput(qf_setup_geo, "dx", num_comp_x*dim, CEED_EVAL_GRAD);
711   CeedQFunctionAddInput(qf_setup_geo, "weight", 1, CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT);
712   CeedQFunctionAddOutput(qf_setup_geo, "q_data",
713                          bp_options[bp_choice].q_data_size,
714                          CEED_EVAL_NONE);
715 
716   // Create the QFunction that sets up the RHS and true solution
717   CeedQFunctionCreateInterior(ceed, 1, bp_options[bp_choice].setup_rhs,
718                               bp_options[bp_choice].setup_rhs_loc, &qf_setup_rhs);
719   CeedQFunctionAddInput(qf_setup_rhs, "x", num_comp_x, CEED_EVAL_INTERP);
720   CeedQFunctionAddInput(qf_setup_rhs, "q_data", bp_options[bp_choice].q_data_size,
721                         CEED_EVAL_NONE);
722   CeedQFunctionAddOutput(qf_setup_rhs, "true_soln", num_comp_u, CEED_EVAL_NONE);
723   CeedQFunctionAddOutput(qf_setup_rhs, "rhs", num_comp_u, CEED_EVAL_INTERP);
724 
725   // Set up PDE operator
726   CeedQFunctionCreateInterior(ceed, 1, bp_options[bp_choice].apply,
727                               bp_options[bp_choice].apply_loc, &qf_apply);
728   // Add inputs and outputs
729   CeedInt in_scale = bp_options[bp_choice].in_mode==CEED_EVAL_GRAD ? 3 : 1;
730   CeedInt out_scale = bp_options[bp_choice].out_mode==CEED_EVAL_GRAD ? 3 : 1;
731   CeedQFunctionAddInput(qf_apply, "u", num_comp_u*in_scale,
732                         bp_options[bp_choice].in_mode);
733   CeedQFunctionAddInput(qf_apply, "q_data", bp_options[bp_choice].q_data_size,
734                         CEED_EVAL_NONE);
735   CeedQFunctionAddOutput(qf_apply, "v", num_comp_u*out_scale,
736                          bp_options[bp_choice].out_mode);
737 
738   // Create the error qfunction
739   CeedQFunctionCreateInterior(ceed, 1, bp_options[bp_choice].error,
740                               bp_options[bp_choice].error_loc, &qf_error);
741   CeedQFunctionAddInput(qf_error, "u", num_comp_u, CEED_EVAL_INTERP);
742   CeedQFunctionAddInput(qf_error, "true_soln", num_comp_u, CEED_EVAL_NONE);
743   CeedQFunctionAddOutput(qf_error, "error", num_comp_u, CEED_EVAL_NONE);
744 
745   // Create the persistent vectors that will be needed in setup
746   CeedInt num_qpts;
747   CeedBasisGetNumQuadraturePoints(basis_u, &num_qpts);
748   CeedVectorCreate(ceed, bp_options[bp_choice].q_data_size*num_elem*num_qpts,
749                    &q_data);
750   CeedVectorCreate(ceed, num_elem*num_qpts*num_comp_u, &target);
751   CeedVectorCreate(ceed, l_size*num_comp_u, &rhs_ceed);
752 
753   // Create the operator that builds the quadrature data for the ceed operator
754   CeedOperatorCreate(ceed, qf_setup_geo, CEED_QFUNCTION_NONE,
755                      CEED_QFUNCTION_NONE, &op_setup_geo);
756   CeedOperatorSetField(op_setup_geo, "x", elem_restr_x, basis_x,
757                        CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE);
758   CeedOperatorSetField(op_setup_geo, "dx", elem_restr_x, basis_x,
759                        CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE);
760   CeedOperatorSetField(op_setup_geo, "weight", CEED_ELEMRESTRICTION_NONE, basis_x,
761                        CEED_VECTOR_NONE);
762   CeedOperatorSetField(op_setup_geo, "q_data", elem_restr_qd_i,
763                        CEED_BASIS_COLLOCATED, CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE);
764 
765   // Create the operator that builds the RHS and true solution
766   CeedOperatorCreate(ceed, qf_setup_rhs, CEED_QFUNCTION_NONE,
767                      CEED_QFUNCTION_NONE, &op_setup_rhs);
768   CeedOperatorSetField(op_setup_rhs, "x", elem_restr_x, basis_x,
769                        CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE);
770   CeedOperatorSetField(op_setup_rhs, "q_data", elem_restr_qd_i,
771                        CEED_BASIS_COLLOCATED,
772                        q_data);
773   CeedOperatorSetField(op_setup_rhs, "true_soln", elem_restr_u_i,
774                        CEED_BASIS_COLLOCATED, target);
775   CeedOperatorSetField(op_setup_rhs, "rhs", elem_restr_u, basis_u,
776                        CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE);
777 
778   // Create the mass or diff operator
779   CeedOperatorCreate(ceed, qf_apply, CEED_QFUNCTION_NONE, CEED_QFUNCTION_NONE,
780                      &op_apply);
781   CeedOperatorSetField(op_apply, "u", elem_restr_u, basis_u, CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE);
782   CeedOperatorSetField(op_apply, "q_data", elem_restr_qd_i, CEED_BASIS_COLLOCATED,
783                        q_data);
784   CeedOperatorSetField(op_apply, "v", elem_restr_u, basis_u, CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE);
785 
786   // Create the error operator
787   CeedOperatorCreate(ceed, qf_error, CEED_QFUNCTION_NONE, CEED_QFUNCTION_NONE,
788                      &op_error);
789   CeedOperatorSetField(op_error, "u", elem_restr_u, basis_u, CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE);
790   CeedOperatorSetField(op_error, "true_soln", elem_restr_u_i,
791                        CEED_BASIS_COLLOCATED, target);
792   CeedOperatorSetField(op_error, "error", elem_restr_u_i, CEED_BASIS_COLLOCATED,
793                        CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE);
794 
795   // Set up Mat
796   ierr = PetscMalloc1(1, &user); CHKERRQ(ierr);
797   user->comm = comm;
798   user->l_to_g = l_to_g;
799   if (bp_choice != CEED_BP1 && bp_choice != CEED_BP2) {
800     user->l_to_g_0 = l_to_g_0;
801     user->g_to_g_D = g_to_g_D;
802   }
803   user->X_loc = X_loc;
804   ierr = VecDuplicate(X_loc, &user->Y_loc); CHKERRQ(ierr);
805   CeedVectorCreate(ceed, l_size*num_comp_u, &user->x_ceed);
806   CeedVectorCreate(ceed, l_size*num_comp_u, &user->y_ceed);
807   user->op = op_apply;
808   user->q_data = q_data;
809   user->ceed = ceed;
810 
811   ierr = MatCreateShell(comm, m_nodes[0]*m_nodes[1]*m_nodes[2]*num_comp_u,
812                         m_nodes[0]*m_nodes[1]*m_nodes[2]*num_comp_u,
813                         PETSC_DECIDE, PETSC_DECIDE, user, &mat); CHKERRQ(ierr);
814   if (bp_choice == CEED_BP1 || bp_choice == CEED_BP2) {
815     ierr = MatShellSetOperation(mat, MATOP_MULT, (void(*)(void))MatMult_Mass);
816     CHKERRQ(ierr);
817   } else {
818     ierr = MatShellSetOperation(mat, MATOP_MULT, (void(*)(void))MatMult_Diff);
819     CHKERRQ(ierr);
820   }
821   ierr = VecGetType(X, &vec_type); CHKERRQ(ierr);
822   ierr = MatShellSetVecType(mat, vec_type); CHKERRQ(ierr);
823 
824   // Get RHS vector
825   ierr = VecDuplicate(X, &rhs); CHKERRQ(ierr);
826   ierr = VecDuplicate(X_loc, &rhs_loc); CHKERRQ(ierr);
827   ierr = VecZeroEntries(rhs_loc); CHKERRQ(ierr);
828   ierr = VecGetArrayAndMemType(rhs_loc, &r, &mem_type); CHKERRQ(ierr);
829   CeedVectorSetArray(rhs_ceed, MemTypeP2C(mem_type), CEED_USE_POINTER, r);
830 
831   // Setup q_data, rhs, and target
832   CeedOperatorApply(op_setup_geo, x_coord, q_data, CEED_REQUEST_IMMEDIATE);
833   CeedOperatorApply(op_setup_rhs, x_coord, rhs_ceed, CEED_REQUEST_IMMEDIATE);
834   CeedVectorDestroy(&x_coord);
835 
836   // Gather RHS
837   ierr = CeedVectorTakeArray(rhs_ceed, MemTypeP2C(mem_type), NULL); CHKERRQ(ierr);
838   ierr = VecRestoreArrayAndMemType(rhs_loc, &r); CHKERRQ(ierr);
839   ierr = VecZeroEntries(rhs); CHKERRQ(ierr);
840   ierr = VecScatterBegin(l_to_g, rhs_loc, rhs, ADD_VALUES, SCATTER_FORWARD);
841   CHKERRQ(ierr);
842   ierr = VecScatterEnd(l_to_g, rhs_loc, rhs, ADD_VALUES, SCATTER_FORWARD);
843   CHKERRQ(ierr);
844   CeedVectorDestroy(&rhs_ceed);
845 
846   ierr = KSPCreate(comm, &ksp); CHKERRQ(ierr);
847   {
848     PC pc;
849     ierr = KSPGetPC(ksp, &pc); CHKERRQ(ierr);
850     if (bp_choice == CEED_BP1 || bp_choice == CEED_BP2) {
851       ierr = PCSetType(pc, PCJACOBI); CHKERRQ(ierr);
852       ierr = PCJacobiSetType(pc, PC_JACOBI_ROWSUM); CHKERRQ(ierr);
853     } else {
854       ierr = PCSetType(pc, PCNONE); CHKERRQ(ierr);
855     }
856     ierr = KSPSetType(ksp, KSPCG); CHKERRQ(ierr);
857     ierr = KSPSetNormType(ksp, KSP_NORM_NATURAL); CHKERRQ(ierr);
858     ierr = KSPSetTolerances(ksp, 1e-10, PETSC_DEFAULT, PETSC_DEFAULT,
859                             PETSC_DEFAULT); CHKERRQ(ierr);
860   }
861   ierr = KSPSetOperators(ksp, mat, mat); CHKERRQ(ierr);
862   // First run's performance log is not considered for benchmarking purposes
863   ierr = KSPSetTolerances(ksp, 1e-10, PETSC_DEFAULT, PETSC_DEFAULT, 1);
864   CHKERRQ(ierr);
865   my_rt_start = MPI_Wtime();
866   ierr = KSPSolve(ksp, rhs, X); CHKERRQ(ierr);
867   my_rt = MPI_Wtime() - my_rt_start;
868   ierr = MPI_Allreduce(MPI_IN_PLACE, &my_rt, 1, MPI_DOUBLE, MPI_MIN, comm);
869   CHKERRQ(ierr);
870   // Set maxits based on first iteration timing
871   if (my_rt > 0.02) {
872     ierr = KSPSetTolerances(ksp, 1e-10, PETSC_DEFAULT, PETSC_DEFAULT,
873                             ksp_max_it_clip[0]); CHKERRQ(ierr);
874   } else {
875     ierr = KSPSetTolerances(ksp, 1e-10, PETSC_DEFAULT, PETSC_DEFAULT,
876                             ksp_max_it_clip[1]); CHKERRQ(ierr);
877   }
878   ierr = KSPSetFromOptions(ksp); CHKERRQ(ierr);
879 
880   // Timed solve
881   ierr = VecZeroEntries(X); CHKERRQ(ierr);
882   ierr = PetscBarrier((PetscObject)ksp); CHKERRQ(ierr);
883 
884   // -- Performance logging
885   ierr = PetscLogStageRegister("Solve Stage", &solve_stage); CHKERRQ(ierr);
886   ierr = PetscLogStagePush(solve_stage); CHKERRQ(ierr);
887 
888   // -- Solve
889   my_rt_start = MPI_Wtime();
890   ierr = KSPSolve(ksp, rhs, X); CHKERRQ(ierr);
891   my_rt = MPI_Wtime() - my_rt_start;
892 
893   // -- Performance logging
894   ierr = PetscLogStagePop();
895 
896   // Output results
897   {
898     KSPType ksp_type;
899     KSPConvergedReason reason;
900     PetscReal rnorm;
901     PetscInt its;
902     ierr = KSPGetType(ksp, &ksp_type); CHKERRQ(ierr);
903     ierr = KSPGetConvergedReason(ksp, &reason); CHKERRQ(ierr);
904     ierr = KSPGetIterationNumber(ksp, &its); CHKERRQ(ierr);
905     ierr = KSPGetResidualNorm(ksp, &rnorm); CHKERRQ(ierr);
906     if (!test_mode || reason < 0 || rnorm > 1e-8) {
907       ierr = PetscPrintf(comm,
908                          "  KSP:\n"
909                          "    KSP Type                           : %s\n"
910                          "    KSP Convergence                    : %s\n"
911                          "    Total KSP Iterations               : %" PetscInt_FMT "\n"
912                          "    Final rnorm                        : %e\n",
913                          ksp_type, KSPConvergedReasons[reason], its,
914                          (double)rnorm); CHKERRQ(ierr);
915     }
916     if (!test_mode) {
917       ierr = PetscPrintf(comm,"  Performance:\n"); CHKERRQ(ierr);
918     }
919     {
920       PetscReal max_error;
921       ierr = ComputeErrorMax(user, op_error, X, target, &max_error);
922       CHKERRQ(ierr);
923       PetscReal tol = 5e-2;
924       if (!test_mode || max_error > tol) {
925         ierr = MPI_Allreduce(&my_rt, &rt_min, 1, MPI_DOUBLE, MPI_MIN, comm);
926         CHKERRQ(ierr);
927         ierr = MPI_Allreduce(&my_rt, &rt_max, 1, MPI_DOUBLE, MPI_MAX, comm);
928         CHKERRQ(ierr);
929         ierr = PetscPrintf(comm,
930                            "    Pointwise Error (max)              : %e\n"
931                            "    CG Solve Time                      : %g (%g) sec\n",
932                            (double)max_error, rt_max, rt_min); CHKERRQ(ierr);
933       }
934     }
935     if (!test_mode) {
936       ierr = PetscPrintf(comm,
937                          "    DoFs/Sec in CG                     : %g (%g) million\n",
938                          1e-6*gsize*its/rt_max,
939                          1e-6*gsize*its/rt_min); CHKERRQ(ierr);
940     }
941   }
942 
943   if (write_solution) {
944     PetscViewer vtk_viewer_soln;
945 
946     ierr = PetscViewerCreate(comm, &vtk_viewer_soln); CHKERRQ(ierr);
947     ierr = PetscViewerSetType(vtk_viewer_soln, PETSCVIEWERVTK); CHKERRQ(ierr);
948     ierr = PetscViewerFileSetName(vtk_viewer_soln, "solution.vtu"); CHKERRQ(ierr);
949     ierr = VecView(X, vtk_viewer_soln); CHKERRQ(ierr);
950     ierr = PetscViewerDestroy(&vtk_viewer_soln); CHKERRQ(ierr);
951   }
952 
953   ierr = VecDestroy(&rhs); CHKERRQ(ierr);
954   ierr = VecDestroy(&rhs_loc); CHKERRQ(ierr);
955   ierr = VecDestroy(&X); CHKERRQ(ierr);
956   ierr = VecDestroy(&user->X_loc); CHKERRQ(ierr);
957   ierr = VecDestroy(&user->Y_loc); CHKERRQ(ierr);
958   ierr = VecScatterDestroy(&l_to_g); CHKERRQ(ierr);
959   ierr = VecScatterDestroy(&l_to_g_0); CHKERRQ(ierr);
960   ierr = VecScatterDestroy(&g_to_g_D); CHKERRQ(ierr);
961   ierr = MatDestroy(&mat); CHKERRQ(ierr);
962   ierr = KSPDestroy(&ksp); CHKERRQ(ierr);
963 
964   CeedVectorDestroy(&user->x_ceed);
965   CeedVectorDestroy(&user->y_ceed);
966   CeedVectorDestroy(&user->q_data);
967   CeedVectorDestroy(&target);
968   CeedOperatorDestroy(&op_setup_geo);
969   CeedOperatorDestroy(&op_setup_rhs);
970   CeedOperatorDestroy(&op_apply);
971   CeedOperatorDestroy(&op_error);
972   CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&elem_restr_u);
973   CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&elem_restr_x);
974   CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&elem_restr_u_i);
975   CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&elem_restr_qd_i);
976   CeedQFunctionDestroy(&qf_setup_geo);
977   CeedQFunctionDestroy(&qf_setup_rhs);
978   CeedQFunctionDestroy(&qf_apply);
979   CeedQFunctionDestroy(&qf_error);
980   CeedBasisDestroy(&basis_u);
981   CeedBasisDestroy(&basis_x);
982   CeedDestroy(&ceed);
983   ierr = PetscFree(user); CHKERRQ(ierr);
984   return PetscFinalize();
985 }
986