xref: /libCEED/interface/ceed-operator.c (revision 5107b09fcb4710dffb8bf2363d6d7d4be3d24cc9)

// Copyright (c) 2017, Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC. Produced at
// the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. LLNL-CODE-734707. All Rights
// reserved. See files LICENSE and NOTICE for details.
//
// This file is part of CEED, a collection of benchmarks, miniapps, software
// libraries and APIs for efficient high-order finite element and spectral
// element discretizations for exascale applications. For more information and
// source code availability see http://github.com/ceed.
//
// The CEED research is supported by the Exascale Computing Project 17-SC-20-SC,
// a collaborative effort of two U.S. Department of Energy organizations (Office
// of Science and the National Nuclear Security Administration) responsible for
// the planning and preparation of a capable exascale ecosystem, including
// software, applications, hardware, advanced system engineering and early
// testbed platforms, in support of the nation's exascale computing imperative.

#include <ceed-impl.h>
#include <ceed-backend.h>
#include <string.h>

/// @file
/// Implementation of public CeedOperator interfaces
///
/// @addtogroup CeedOperator
///   @{

/**
  @brief Create a CeedOperator and associate a CeedQFunction. A CeedBasis and
           CeedElemRestriction can be associated with CeedQFunction fields with
           \ref CeedOperatorSetField.

  @param ceed    A Ceed object where the CeedOperator will be created
  @param qf      QFunction defining the action of the operator at quadrature points
  @param dqf     QFunction defining the action of the Jacobian of @a qf (or NULL)
  @param dqfT    QFunction defining the action of the transpose of the Jacobian
                   of @a qf (or NULL)
  @param[out] op Address of the variable where the newly created
                     CeedOperator will be stored

  @return An error code: 0 - success, otherwise - failure

  @ref Basic
 */
int CeedOperatorCreate(Ceed ceed, CeedQFunction qf, CeedQFunction dqf,
                       CeedQFunction dqfT, CeedOperator *op) {
  int ierr;

  if (!ceed->OperatorCreate) {
    Ceed delegate;
    ierr = CeedGetObjectDelegate(ceed, &delegate, "Operator"); CeedChk(ierr);

    if (!delegate)
      // LCOV_EXCL_START
      return CeedError(ceed, 1, "Backend does not support OperatorCreate");
    // LCOV_EXCL_STOP

    ierr = CeedOperatorCreate(delegate, qf, dqf, dqfT, op); CeedChk(ierr);
    return 0;
  }

  ierr = CeedCalloc(1, op); CeedChk(ierr);
  (*op)->ceed = ceed;
  ceed->refcount++;
  (*op)->refcount = 1;
  if (qf == CEED_QFUNCTION_NONE)
    // LCOV_EXCL_START
    return CeedError(ceed, 1, "Operator must have a valid QFunction.");
  // LCOV_EXCL_STOP
  (*op)->qf = qf;
  qf->refcount++;
  if (dqf && dqf != CEED_QFUNCTION_NONE) {
    (*op)->dqf = dqf;
    dqf->refcount++;
  }
  if (dqfT && dqfT != CEED_QFUNCTION_NONE) {
    (*op)->dqfT = dqfT;
    dqfT->refcount++;
  }
  ierr = CeedCalloc(16, &(*op)->inputfields); CeedChk(ierr);
  ierr = CeedCalloc(16, &(*op)->outputfields); CeedChk(ierr);
  ierr = ceed->OperatorCreate(*op); CeedChk(ierr);
  return 0;
}

/**
  @brief Create an operator that composes the action of several operators

  @param ceed    A Ceed object where the CeedOperator will be created
  @param[out] op Address of the variable where the newly created
                     Composite CeedOperator will be stored

  @return An error code: 0 - success, otherwise - failure

  @ref Basic
 */
int CeedCompositeOperatorCreate(Ceed ceed, CeedOperator *op) {
  int ierr;

  if (!ceed->CompositeOperatorCreate) {
    Ceed delegate;
    ierr = CeedGetObjectDelegate(ceed, &delegate, "Operator"); CeedChk(ierr);

    if (!delegate)
      // LCOV_EXCL_START
      return CeedError(ceed, 1, "Backend does not support "
                       "CompositeOperatorCreate");
    // LCOV_EXCL_STOP

    ierr = CeedCompositeOperatorCreate(delegate, op); CeedChk(ierr);
    return 0;
  }

  ierr = CeedCalloc(1,op); CeedChk(ierr);
  (*op)->ceed = ceed;
  ceed->refcount++;
  (*op)->composite = true;
  ierr = CeedCalloc(16, &(*op)->suboperators); CeedChk(ierr);
  ierr = ceed->CompositeOperatorCreate(*op); CeedChk(ierr);
  return 0;
}

/**
  @brief Provide a field to a CeedOperator for use by its CeedQFunction

  This function is used to specify both active and passive fields to a
  CeedOperator.  For passive fields, a vector @arg v must be provided.  Passive
  fields can inputs or outputs (updated in-place when operator is applied).

  Active fields must be specified using this function, but their data (in a
  CeedVector) is passed in CeedOperatorApply().  There can be at most one active
  input and at most one active output.

  @param op         CeedOperator on which to provide the field
  @param fieldname  Name of the field (to be matched with the name used by
                      CeedQFunction)
  @param r          CeedElemRestriction
  @param lmode      CeedTransposeMode which specifies the ordering of the
                      components of the l-vector used by this CeedOperatorField,
                      CEED_NOTRANSPOSE indicates the component is the
                      outermost index and CEED_TRANSPOSE indicates the component
                      is the innermost index in ordering of the l-vector
  @param b          CeedBasis in which the field resides or CEED_BASIS_COLLOCATED
                      if collocated with quadrature points
  @param v          CeedVector to be used by CeedOperator or CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE
                      if field is active or CEED_VECTOR_NONE if using
                      CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT in the QFunction

  @return An error code: 0 - success, otherwise - failure

  @ref Basic
**/
int CeedOperatorSetField(CeedOperator op, const char *fieldname,
                         CeedElemRestriction r, CeedTransposeMode lmode,
                         CeedBasis b, CeedVector v) {
  int ierr;
  if (op->composite)
    // LCOV_EXCL_START
    return CeedError(op->ceed, 1, "Cannot add field to composite operator.");
  // LCOV_EXCL_STOP
  if (!r)
    // LCOV_EXCL_START
    return CeedError(op->ceed, 1,
                     "ElemRestriction r for field \"%s\" must be non-NULL.",
                     fieldname);
  // LCOV_EXCL_STOP
  if (!b)
    // LCOV_EXCL_START
    return CeedError(op->ceed, 1, "Basis b for field \"%s\" must be non-NULL.",
                     fieldname);
  // LCOV_EXCL_STOP
  if (!v)
    // LCOV_EXCL_START
    return CeedError(op->ceed, 1, "Vector v for field \"%s\" must be non-NULL.",
                     fieldname);
  // LCOV_EXCL_STOP

  CeedInt numelements;
  ierr = CeedElemRestrictionGetNumElements(r, &numelements); CeedChk(ierr);
  if (op->hasrestriction && op->numelements != numelements)
    // LCOV_EXCL_START
    return CeedError(op->ceed, 1,
                     "ElemRestriction with %d elements incompatible with prior "
                     "%d elements", numelements, op->numelements);
  // LCOV_EXCL_STOP
  op->numelements = numelements;
  op->hasrestriction = true; // Restriction set, but numelements may be 0

  if (b != CEED_BASIS_COLLOCATED) {
    CeedInt numqpoints;
    ierr = CeedBasisGetNumQuadraturePoints(b, &numqpoints); CeedChk(ierr);
    if (op->numqpoints && op->numqpoints != numqpoints)
      // LCOV_EXCL_START
      return CeedError(op->ceed, 1, "Basis with %d quadrature points "
                       "incompatible with prior %d points", numqpoints,
                       op->numqpoints);
    // LCOV_EXCL_STOP
    op->numqpoints = numqpoints;
  }
  CeedOperatorField *ofield;
  for (CeedInt i=0; i<op->qf->numinputfields; i++) {
    if (!strcmp(fieldname, (*op->qf->inputfields[i]).fieldname)) {
      ofield = &op->inputfields[i];
      goto found;
    }
  }
  for (CeedInt i=0; i<op->qf->numoutputfields; i++) {
    if (!strcmp(fieldname, (*op->qf->outputfields[i]).fieldname)) {
      ofield = &op->outputfields[i];
      goto found;
    }
  }
  // LCOV_EXCL_START
  return CeedError(op->ceed, 1, "QFunction has no knowledge of field '%s'",
                   fieldname);
  // LCOV_EXCL_STOP
found:
  ierr = CeedCalloc(1, ofield); CeedChk(ierr);
  (*ofield)->Erestrict = r;
  r->refcount += 1;
  (*ofield)->lmode = lmode;
  (*ofield)->basis = b;
  if (b != CEED_BASIS_COLLOCATED)
    b->refcount += 1;
  (*ofield)->vec = v;
  if (v != CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE && v != CEED_VECTOR_NONE)
    v->refcount += 1;
  op->nfields += 1;
  return 0;
}

/**
  @brief Add a sub-operator to a composite CeedOperator

  @param[out] compositeop Address of the composite CeedOperator
  @param      subop       Address of the sub-operator CeedOperator

  @return An error code: 0 - success, otherwise - failure

  @ref Basic
 */
int CeedCompositeOperatorAddSub(CeedOperator compositeop, CeedOperator subop) {
  if (!compositeop->composite)
    // LCOV_EXCL_START
    return CeedError(compositeop->ceed, 1, "CeedOperator is not a composite "
                     "operator");
  // LCOV_EXCL_STOP

  if (compositeop->numsub == CEED_COMPOSITE_MAX)
    // LCOV_EXCL_START
    return CeedError(compositeop->ceed, 1, "Cannot add additional suboperators");
  // LCOV_EXCL_STOP

  compositeop->suboperators[compositeop->numsub] = subop;
  subop->refcount++;
  compositeop->numsub++;
  return 0;
}

/**
  @brief Duplicate a CeedOperator with a reference Ceed to fallback for advanced
           CeedOperator functionality

  @param op           CeedOperator to create fallback for

  @return An error code: 0 - success, otherwise - failure

  @ref Developer
**/
int CeedOperatorCreateFallback(CeedOperator op) {
  int ierr;

  // Fallback Ceed
  const char *resource, *fallbackresource;
  ierr = CeedGetResource(op->ceed, &resource); CeedChk(ierr);
  ierr = CeedGetOperatorFallbackResource(op->ceed, &fallbackresource);
  CeedChk(ierr);
  if (!strcmp(resource, fallbackresource))
    // LCOV_EXCL_START
    return CeedError(op->ceed, 1, "Backend %s cannot create an operator"
                     "fallback to resource %s", resource, fallbackresource);
  // LCOV_EXCL_STOP

  Ceed ceedref;
  ierr = CeedInit(fallbackresource, &ceedref); CeedChk(ierr);
  ceedref->opfallbackparent = op->ceed;
  op->ceed->opfallbackceed = ceedref;

  // Clone Op
  CeedOperator opref;
  ierr = CeedCalloc(1, &opref); CeedChk(ierr);
  memcpy(opref, op, sizeof(*opref)); CeedChk(ierr);
  opref->data = NULL;
  opref->setupdone = 0;
  opref->ceed = ceedref;
  ierr = ceedref->OperatorCreate(opref); CeedChk(ierr);
  op->opfallback = opref;

  // Clone QF
  CeedQFunction qfref;
  ierr = CeedCalloc(1, &qfref); CeedChk(ierr);
  memcpy(qfref, (op->qf), sizeof(*qfref)); CeedChk(ierr);
  qfref->data = NULL;
  qfref->ceed = ceedref;
  ierr = ceedref->QFunctionCreate(qfref); CeedChk(ierr);
  opref->qf = qfref;
  op->qffallback = qfref;

  return 0;
}

/**
  @brief Assemble a linear CeedQFunction associated with a CeedOperator

  This returns a CeedVector containing a matrix at each quadrature point
    providing the action of the CeedQFunction associated with the CeedOperator.
    The vector 'assembled' is of shape
      [num_elements, num_input_fields, num_output_fields, num_quad_points]
    and contains column-major matrices representing the action of the
    CeedQFunction for a corresponding quadrature point on an element. Inputs and
    outputs are in the order provided by the user when adding CeedOperator fields.
    For example, a QFunction with inputs 'u' and 'gradu' and outputs 'gradv' and
    'v', provided in that order, would result in an assembled QFunction that
    consists of (1 + dim) x (dim + 1) matrices at each quadrature point acting
    on the input [u, du_0, du_1] and producing the output [dv_0, dv_1, v].

  @param op             CeedOperator to assemble CeedQFunction
  @param[out] assembled CeedVector to store assembled CeedQFunction at
                          quadrature points
  @param[out] rstr      CeedElemRestriction for CeedVector containing assembled
                          CeedQFunction
  @param request        Address of CeedRequest for non-blocking completion, else
                          CEED_REQUEST_IMMEDIATE

  @return An error code: 0 - success, otherwise - failure

  @ref Basic
**/
int CeedOperatorAssembleLinearQFunction(CeedOperator op, CeedVector *assembled,
                                        CeedElemRestriction *rstr,
                                        CeedRequest *request) {
  int ierr;
  Ceed ceed = op->ceed;
  CeedQFunction qf = op->qf;

  if (op->composite) {
    // LCOV_EXCL_START
    return CeedError(ceed, 1, "Cannot assemble QFunction for composite operator");
    // LCOV_EXCL_STOP
  } else {
    if (op->nfields == 0)
      // LCOV_EXCL_START
      return CeedError(ceed, 1, "No operator fields set");
    // LCOV_EXCL_STOP
    if (op->nfields < qf->numinputfields + qf->numoutputfields)
      // LCOV_EXCL_START
      return CeedError( ceed, 1, "Not all operator fields set");
    // LCOV_EXCL_STOP
    if (!op->hasrestriction)
      // LCOV_EXCL_START
      return CeedError(ceed, 1, "At least one restriction required");
    // LCOV_EXCL_STOP
    if (op->numqpoints == 0)
      // LCOV_EXCL_START
      return CeedError(ceed, 1, "At least one non-collocated basis required");
    // LCOV_EXCL_STOP
  }
  if (op->AssembleLinearQFunction) {
    ierr = op->AssembleLinearQFunction(op, assembled, rstr, request);
    CeedChk(ierr);
  } else {
    // Fallback to reference Ceed
    if (!op->opfallback) {
      ierr = CeedOperatorCreateFallback(op); CeedChk(ierr);
    }
    // Assemble
    ierr = op->opfallback->AssembleLinearQFunction(op->opfallback, assembled,
           rstr, request); CeedChk(ierr);
  }
  return 0;
}

/**
  @brief Assemble the diagonal of a square linear Operator

  This returns a CeedVector containing the diagonal of a linear CeedOperator.

  @param op             CeedOperator to assemble CeedQFunction
  @param[out] assembled CeedVector to store assembled CeedOperator diagonal
  @param request        Address of CeedRequest for non-blocking completion, else
                          CEED_REQUEST_IMMEDIATE

  @return An error code: 0 - success, otherwise - failure

  @ref Basic
**/
int CeedOperatorAssembleLinearDiagonal(CeedOperator op, CeedVector *assembled,
                                       CeedRequest *request) {
  int ierr;
  Ceed ceed = op->ceed;
  CeedQFunction qf = op->qf;

  if (op->composite) {
    // LCOV_EXCL_START
    return CeedError(ceed, 1, "Cannot assemble QFunction for composite operator");
    // LCOV_EXCL_STOP
  } else {
    if (op->nfields == 0)
      // LCOV_EXCL_START
      return CeedError(ceed, 1, "No operator fields set");
    // LCOV_EXCL_STOP
    if (op->nfields < qf->numinputfields + qf->numoutputfields)
      // LCOV_EXCL_START
      return CeedError( ceed, 1, "Not all operator fields set");
    // LCOV_EXCL_STOP
    if (!op->hasrestriction)
      // LCOV_EXCL_START
      return CeedError(ceed, 1, "At least one restriction required");
    // LCOV_EXCL_STOP
    if (op->numqpoints == 0)
      // LCOV_EXCL_START
      return CeedError(ceed, 1, "At least one non-collocated basis required");
    // LCOV_EXCL_STOP
  }

  // Use backend version, if available
  if (op->AssembleLinearDiagonal) {
    ierr = op->AssembleLinearDiagonal(op, assembled, request); CeedChk(ierr);
    return 0;
  }

  // Assemble QFunction
  CeedVector assembledqf;
  CeedElemRestriction rstr;
  ierr = CeedOperatorAssembleLinearQFunction(op,  &assembledqf, &rstr, request);
  CeedChk(ierr);
  ierr = CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&rstr); CeedChk(ierr);

  // Determine active input basis
  CeedInt numemodein = 0, ncomp, dim = 1;
  CeedEvalMode *emodein = NULL;
  CeedBasis basisin = NULL;
  CeedElemRestriction rstrin = NULL;
  for (CeedInt i=0; i<qf->numinputfields; i++)
    if (op->inputfields[i]->vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) {
      ierr = CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(op->inputfields[i], &basisin);
      CeedChk(ierr);
      ierr = CeedBasisGetNumComponents(basisin, &ncomp); CeedChk(ierr);
      ierr = CeedBasisGetDimension(basisin, &dim); CeedChk(ierr);
      ierr = CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(op->inputfields[i], &rstrin);
      CeedChk(ierr);
      CeedEvalMode emode;
      ierr = CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf->inputfields[i], &emode);
      CeedChk(ierr);
      switch (emode) {
      case CEED_EVAL_NONE:
      case CEED_EVAL_INTERP:
        ierr = CeedRealloc(numemodein + 1, &emodein); CeedChk(ierr);
        emodein[numemodein] = emode;
        numemodein += 1;
        break;
      case CEED_EVAL_GRAD:
        ierr = CeedRealloc(numemodein + dim, &emodein); CeedChk(ierr);
        for (CeedInt d=0; d<dim; d++)
          emodein[numemodein+d] = emode;
        numemodein += dim;
        break;
      case CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT:
      case CEED_EVAL_DIV:
      case CEED_EVAL_CURL:
        break; // Caught by QF Assembly
      }
    }

  // Determine active output basis
  CeedInt numemodeout = 0;
  CeedEvalMode *emodeout = NULL;
  CeedBasis basisout = NULL;
  CeedElemRestriction rstrout = NULL;
  CeedTransposeMode lmodeout = CEED_NOTRANSPOSE;
  for (CeedInt i=0; i<qf->numoutputfields; i++)
    if (op->outputfields[i]->vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE) {
      ierr = CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(op->outputfields[i], &basisout);
      CeedChk(ierr);
      ierr = CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(op->outputfields[i], &rstrout);
      CeedChk(ierr);
      ierr = CeedOperatorFieldGetLMode(op->outputfields[i], &lmodeout);
      CeedChk(ierr);
      CeedEvalMode emode;
      ierr = CeedQFunctionFieldGetEvalMode(qf->outputfields[i], &emode);
      CeedChk(ierr);
      switch (emode) {
      case CEED_EVAL_NONE:
      case CEED_EVAL_INTERP:
        ierr = CeedRealloc(numemodeout + 1, &emodeout); CeedChk(ierr);
        emodeout[numemodeout] = emode;
        numemodeout += 1;
        break;
      case CEED_EVAL_GRAD:
        ierr = CeedRealloc(numemodeout + dim, &emodeout); CeedChk(ierr);
        for (CeedInt d=0; d<dim; d++)
          emodeout[numemodeout+d] = emode;
        numemodeout += dim;
        break;
      case CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT:
      case CEED_EVAL_DIV:
      case CEED_EVAL_CURL:
        break; // Caught by QF Assembly
      }
    }

  // Create diagonal vector
  CeedVector elemdiag;
  ierr = CeedElemRestrictionCreateVector(rstrin, assembled, &elemdiag);
  CeedChk(ierr);

  // Assemble element operator diagonals
  CeedScalar *elemdiagarray, *assembledqfarray;
  ierr = CeedVectorSetValue(elemdiag, 0.0); CeedChk(ierr);
  ierr = CeedVectorGetArray(elemdiag, CEED_MEM_HOST, &elemdiagarray);
  CeedChk(ierr);
  ierr = CeedVectorGetArray(assembledqf, CEED_MEM_HOST, &assembledqfarray);
  CeedChk(ierr);
  CeedInt nelem, nnodes, nqpts;
  ierr = CeedElemRestrictionGetNumElements(rstrin, &nelem); CeedChk(ierr);
  ierr = CeedBasisGetNumNodes(basisin, &nnodes); CeedChk(ierr);
  ierr = CeedBasisGetNumQuadraturePoints(basisin, &nqpts); CeedChk(ierr);
  // Compute the diagonal of B^T D B
  // Each node, qpt pair
  for (CeedInt n=0; n<nnodes; n++)
    for (CeedInt q=0; q<nqpts; q++) {
      CeedInt dout = -1;
      // Each basis eval mode pair
      for (CeedInt eout=0; eout<numemodeout; eout++) {
        CeedScalar bt = 1.0;
        if (emodeout[eout] == CEED_EVAL_GRAD)
          dout += 1;
        ierr = CeedBasisGetValue(basisout, emodeout[eout], q, n, dout, &bt);
        CeedChk(ierr);
        CeedInt din = -1;
        for (CeedInt ein=0; ein<numemodein; ein++) {
          CeedScalar b = 0.0;
          if (emodein[ein] == CEED_EVAL_GRAD)
            din += 1;
          ierr = CeedBasisGetValue(basisin, emodein[ein], q, n, din, &b);
          CeedChk(ierr);
          // Each element and component
          for (CeedInt e=0; e<nelem; e++)
            for (CeedInt cout=0; cout<ncomp; cout++) {
              CeedScalar db = 0.0;
              for (CeedInt cin=0; cin<ncomp; cin++)
                db += assembledqfarray[((((e*numemodein+ein)*ncomp+cin)*
                                         numemodeout+eout)*ncomp+cout)*nqpts+q]*b;
              elemdiagarray[(e*ncomp+cout)*nnodes+n] += bt * db;
            }
        }
      }
    }

  ierr = CeedVectorRestoreArray(elemdiag, &elemdiagarray); CeedChk(ierr);
  ierr = CeedVectorRestoreArray(assembledqf, &assembledqfarray); CeedChk(ierr);

  // Assemble local operator diagonal
  ierr = CeedVectorSetValue(*assembled, 0.0); CeedChk(ierr);
  ierr = CeedElemRestrictionApply(rstrout, CEED_TRANSPOSE, lmodeout, elemdiag,
                                  *assembled, request); CeedChk(ierr);

  // Cleanup
  ierr = CeedVectorDestroy(&assembledqf); CeedChk(ierr);
  ierr = CeedVectorDestroy(&elemdiag); CeedChk(ierr);
  ierr = CeedFree(&emodein); CeedChk(ierr);
  ierr = CeedFree(&emodeout); CeedChk(ierr);

  return 0;
}

/**
  @brief Apply CeedOperator to a vector

  This computes the action of the operator on the specified (active) input,
  yielding its (active) output.  All inputs and outputs must be specified using
  CeedOperatorSetField().

  @param op        CeedOperator to apply
  @param[in] in    CeedVector containing input state or NULL if there are no
                     active inputs
  @param[out] out  CeedVector to store result of applying operator (must be
                     distinct from @a in) or NULL if there are no active outputs
  @param request   Address of CeedRequest for non-blocking completion, else
                     CEED_REQUEST_IMMEDIATE

  @return An error code: 0 - success, otherwise - failure

  @ref Basic
**/
int CeedOperatorApply(CeedOperator op, CeedVector in, CeedVector out,
                      CeedRequest *request) {
  int ierr;
  Ceed ceed = op->ceed;
  CeedQFunction qf = op->qf;

  if (op->composite) {
    if (!op->numsub)
      // LCOV_EXCL_START
      return CeedError(ceed, 1, "No suboperators set");
    // LCOV_EXCL_STOP
  } else {
    if (op->nfields == 0)
      // LCOV_EXCL_START
      return CeedError(ceed, 1, "No operator fields set");
    // LCOV_EXCL_STOP
    if (op->nfields < qf->numinputfields + qf->numoutputfields)
      // LCOV_EXCL_START
      return CeedError(ceed, 1, "Not all operator fields set");
    // LCOV_EXCL_STOP
    if (!op->hasrestriction)
      // LCOV_EXCL_START
      return CeedError(ceed, 1,"At least one restriction required");
    // LCOV_EXCL_STOP
    if (op->numqpoints == 0)
      // LCOV_EXCL_START
      return CeedError(ceed, 1,"At least one non-collocated basis required");
    // LCOV_EXCL_STOP
  }
  if (op->numelements || op->composite) {
    ierr = op->Apply(op, in != CEED_VECTOR_NONE ? in : NULL,
                     out != CEED_VECTOR_NONE ? out : NULL, request);
    CeedChk(ierr);
  }
  return 0;
}

/**
  @brief Get the Ceed associated with a CeedOperator

  @param op              CeedOperator
  @param[out] ceed       Variable to store Ceed

  @return An error code: 0 - success, otherwise - failure

  @ref Advanced
**/

int CeedOperatorGetCeed(CeedOperator op, Ceed *ceed) {
  *ceed = op->ceed;
  return 0;
}

/**
  @brief Get the number of elements associated with a CeedOperator

  @param op              CeedOperator
  @param[out] numelem    Variable to store number of elements

  @return An error code: 0 - success, otherwise - failure

  @ref Advanced
**/

int CeedOperatorGetNumElements(CeedOperator op, CeedInt *numelem) {
  if (op->composite)
    // LCOV_EXCL_START
    return CeedError(op->ceed, 1, "Not defined for composite operator");
  // LCOV_EXCL_STOP

  *numelem = op->numelements;
  return 0;
}

/**
  @brief Get the number of quadrature points associated with a CeedOperator

  @param op              CeedOperator
  @param[out] numqpts    Variable to store vector number of quadrature points

  @return An error code: 0 - success, otherwise - failure

  @ref Advanced
**/

int CeedOperatorGetNumQuadraturePoints(CeedOperator op, CeedInt *numqpts) {
  if (op->composite)
    // LCOV_EXCL_START
    return CeedError(op->ceed, 1, "Not defined for composite operator");
  // LCOV_EXCL_STOP

  *numqpts = op->numqpoints;
  return 0;
}

/**
  @brief Get the number of arguments associated with a CeedOperator

  @param op              CeedOperator
  @param[out] numargs    Variable to store vector number of arguments

  @return An error code: 0 - success, otherwise - failure

  @ref Advanced
**/

int CeedOperatorGetNumArgs(CeedOperator op, CeedInt *numargs) {
  if (op->composite)
    // LCOV_EXCL_START
    return CeedError(op->ceed, 1, "Not defined for composite operators");
  // LCOV_EXCL_STOP

  *numargs = op->nfields;
  return 0;
}

/**
  @brief Get the setup status of a CeedOperator

  @param op             CeedOperator
  @param[out] setupdone Variable to store setup status

  @return An error code: 0 - success, otherwise - failure

  @ref Advanced
**/

int CeedOperatorGetSetupStatus(CeedOperator op, bool *setupdone) {
  *setupdone = op->setupdone;
  return 0;
}

/**
  @brief Get the QFunction associated with a CeedOperator

  @param op              CeedOperator
  @param[out] qf         Variable to store QFunction

  @return An error code: 0 - success, otherwise - failure

  @ref Advanced
**/

int CeedOperatorGetQFunction(CeedOperator op, CeedQFunction *qf) {
  if (op->composite)
    // LCOV_EXCL_START
    return CeedError(op->ceed, 1, "Not defined for composite operator");
  // LCOV_EXCL_STOP

  *qf = op->qf;
  return 0;
}

/**
  @brief Get the number of suboperators associated with a CeedOperator

  @param op              CeedOperator
  @param[out] numsub     Variable to store number of suboperators

  @return An error code: 0 - success, otherwise - failure

  @ref Advanced
**/

int CeedOperatorGetNumSub(CeedOperator op, CeedInt *numsub) {
  if (!op->composite)
    // LCOV_EXCL_START
    return CeedError(op->ceed, 1, "Not a composite operator");
  // LCOV_EXCL_STOP

  *numsub = op->numsub;
  return 0;
}

/**
  @brief Get the list of suboperators associated with a CeedOperator

  @param op                CeedOperator
  @param[out] suboperators Variable to store list of suboperators

  @return An error code: 0 - success, otherwise - failure

  @ref Advanced
**/

int CeedOperatorGetSubList(CeedOperator op, CeedOperator **suboperators) {
  if (!op->composite)
    // LCOV_EXCL_START
    return CeedError(op->ceed, 1, "Not a composite operator");
  // LCOV_EXCL_STOP

  *suboperators = op->suboperators;
  return 0;
}

/**
  @brief Set the backend data of a CeedOperator

  @param[out] op         CeedOperator
  @param data            Data to set

  @return An error code: 0 - success, otherwise - failure

  @ref Advanced
**/

int CeedOperatorSetData(CeedOperator op, void **data) {
  op->data = *data;
  return 0;
}

/**
  @brief Get the backend data of a CeedOperator

  @param op              CeedOperator
  @param[out] data       Variable to store data

  @return An error code: 0 - success, otherwise - failure

  @ref Advanced
**/

int CeedOperatorGetData(CeedOperator op, void **data) {
  *data = op->data;
  return 0;
}

/**
  @brief Set the setup flag of a CeedOperator to True

  @param op              CeedOperator

  @return An error code: 0 - success, otherwise - failure

  @ref Advanced
**/

int CeedOperatorSetSetupDone(CeedOperator op) {
  op->setupdone = 1;
  return 0;
}

/**
  @brief View a field of a CeedOperator

  @param[in] field       Operator field to view
  @param[in] fieldnumber Number of field being viewed
  @param[in] stream      Stream to view to, e.g., stdout

  @return An error code: 0 - success, otherwise - failure

  @ref Utility
**/
static int CeedOperatorFieldView(CeedOperatorField field,
                                 CeedQFunctionField qffield,
                                 CeedInt fieldnumber, bool sub, bool in,
                                 FILE *stream) {
  const char *pre = sub ? "  " : "";
  const char *inout = in ? "Input" : "Output";

  fprintf(stream, "%s    %s Field [%d]:\n"
          "%s      Name: \"%s\"\n"
          "%s      Lmode: \"%s\"\n",
          pre, inout, fieldnumber, pre, qffield->fieldname,
          pre, CeedTransposeModes[field->lmode]);

  if (field->basis == CEED_BASIS_COLLOCATED)
    fprintf(stream, "%s      Collocated basis\n", pre);

  if (field->vec == CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE)
    fprintf(stream, "%s      Active vector\n", pre);
  else if (field->vec == CEED_VECTOR_NONE)
    fprintf(stream, "%s      No vector\n", pre);

  return 0;
}

/**
  @brief View a single CeedOperator

  @param[in] op     CeedOperator to view
  @param[in] stream Stream to write; typically stdout/stderr or a file

  @return Error code: 0 - success, otherwise - failure

  @ref Utility
**/
int CeedOperatorSingleView(CeedOperator op, bool sub, FILE *stream) {
  int ierr;
  const char *pre = sub ? "  " : "";

  CeedInt totalfields;
  ierr = CeedOperatorGetNumArgs(op, &totalfields); CeedChk(ierr);

  fprintf(stream, "%s  %d Field%s\n", pre, totalfields, totalfields>1 ? "s" : "");

  fprintf(stream, "%s  %d Input Field%s:\n", pre, op->qf->numinputfields,
          op->qf->numinputfields>1 ? "s" : "");
  for (CeedInt i=0; i<op->qf->numinputfields; i++) {
    ierr = CeedOperatorFieldView(op->inputfields[i], op->qf->inputfields[i],
                                 i, sub, 1, stream); CeedChk(ierr);
  }

  fprintf(stream, "%s  %d Output Field%s:\n", pre, op->qf->numoutputfields,
          op->qf->numoutputfields>1 ? "s" : "");
  for (CeedInt i=0; i<op->qf->numoutputfields; i++) {
    ierr = CeedOperatorFieldView(op->outputfields[i], op->qf->inputfields[i],
                                 i, sub, 0, stream); CeedChk(ierr);
  }

  return 0;
}

/**
  @brief View a CeedOperator

  @param[in] op     CeedOperator to view
  @param[in] stream Stream to write; typically stdout/stderr or a file

  @return Error code: 0 - success, otherwise - failure

  @ref Utility
**/
int CeedOperatorView(CeedOperator op, FILE *stream) {
  int ierr;

  if (op->composite) {
    fprintf(stream, "Composite CeedOperator\n");

    for (CeedInt i=0; i<op->numsub; i++) {
      fprintf(stream, "  SubOperator [%d]:\n", i);
      ierr = CeedOperatorSingleView(op->suboperators[i], 1, stream);
      CeedChk(ierr);
    }
  } else {
    fprintf(stream, "CeedOperator\n");
    ierr = CeedOperatorSingleView(op, 0, stream); CeedChk(ierr);
  }

  return 0;
}

/**
  @brief Get the CeedOperatorFields of a CeedOperator

  @param op                 CeedOperator
  @param[out] inputfields   Variable to store inputfields
  @param[out] outputfields  Variable to store outputfields

  @return An error code: 0 - success, otherwise - failure

  @ref Advanced
**/

int CeedOperatorGetFields(CeedOperator op, CeedOperatorField **inputfields,
                          CeedOperatorField **outputfields) {
  if (op->composite)
    // LCOV_EXCL_START
    return CeedError(op->ceed, 1, "Not defined for composite operator");
  // LCOV_EXCL_STOP

  if (inputfields) *inputfields = op->inputfields;
  if (outputfields) *outputfields = op->outputfields;
  return 0;
}

/**
  @brief Get the L vector CeedTransposeMode of a CeedOperatorField

  @param opfield         CeedOperatorField
  @param[out] lmode      Variable to store CeedTransposeMode

  @return An error code: 0 - success, otherwise - failure

  @ref Advanced
**/

int CeedOperatorFieldGetLMode(CeedOperatorField opfield,
                              CeedTransposeMode *lmode) {
  *lmode = opfield->lmode;
  return 0;
}

/**
  @brief Get the CeedElemRestriction of a CeedOperatorField

  @param opfield         CeedOperatorField
  @param[out] rstr       Variable to store CeedElemRestriction

  @return An error code: 0 - success, otherwise - failure

  @ref Advanced
**/

int CeedOperatorFieldGetElemRestriction(CeedOperatorField opfield,
                                        CeedElemRestriction *rstr) {
  *rstr = opfield->Erestrict;
  return 0;
}

/**
  @brief Get the CeedBasis of a CeedOperatorField

  @param opfield         CeedOperatorField
  @param[out] basis      Variable to store CeedBasis

  @return An error code: 0 - success, otherwise - failure

  @ref Advanced
**/

int CeedOperatorFieldGetBasis(CeedOperatorField opfield, CeedBasis *basis) {
  *basis = opfield->basis;
  return 0;
}

/**
  @brief Get the CeedVector of a CeedOperatorField

  @param opfield         CeedOperatorField
  @param[out] vec        Variable to store CeedVector

  @return An error code: 0 - success, otherwise - failure

  @ref Advanced
**/

int CeedOperatorFieldGetVector(CeedOperatorField opfield, CeedVector *vec) {
  *vec = opfield->vec;
  return 0;
}

/**
  @brief Destroy a CeedOperator

  @param op CeedOperator to destroy

  @return An error code: 0 - success, otherwise - failure

  @ref Basic
**/
int CeedOperatorDestroy(CeedOperator *op) {
  int ierr;

  if (!*op || --(*op)->refcount > 0) return 0;
  if ((*op)->Destroy) {
    ierr = (*op)->Destroy(*op); CeedChk(ierr);
  }
  ierr = CeedDestroy(&(*op)->ceed); CeedChk(ierr);
  // Free fields
  for (int i=0; i<(*op)->nfields; i++)
    if ((*op)->inputfields[i]) {
      ierr = CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&(*op)->inputfields[i]->Erestrict);
      CeedChk(ierr);
      if ((*op)->inputfields[i]->basis != CEED_BASIS_COLLOCATED) {
        ierr = CeedBasisDestroy(&(*op)->inputfields[i]->basis); CeedChk(ierr);
      }
      if ((*op)->inputfields[i]->vec != CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE &&
          (*op)->inputfields[i]->vec != CEED_VECTOR_NONE ) {
        ierr = CeedVectorDestroy(&(*op)->inputfields[i]->vec); CeedChk(ierr);
      }
      ierr = CeedFree(&(*op)->inputfields[i]); CeedChk(ierr);
    }
  for (int i=0; i<(*op)->nfields; i++)
    if ((*op)->outputfields[i]) {
      ierr = CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&(*op)->outputfields[i]->Erestrict);
      CeedChk(ierr);
      if ((*op)->outputfields[i]->basis != CEED_BASIS_COLLOCATED) {
        ierr = CeedBasisDestroy(&(*op)->outputfields[i]->basis); CeedChk(ierr);
      }
      if ((*op)->outputfields[i]->vec != CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE &&
          (*op)->outputfields[i]->vec != CEED_VECTOR_NONE ) {
        ierr = CeedVectorDestroy(&(*op)->outputfields[i]->vec); CeedChk(ierr);
      }
      ierr = CeedFree(&(*op)->outputfields[i]); CeedChk(ierr);
    }
  // Destroy suboperators
  for (int i=0; i<(*op)->numsub; i++)
    if ((*op)->suboperators[i]) {
      ierr = CeedOperatorDestroy(&(*op)->suboperators[i]); CeedChk(ierr);
    }
  ierr = CeedQFunctionDestroy(&(*op)->qf); CeedChk(ierr);
  ierr = CeedQFunctionDestroy(&(*op)->dqf); CeedChk(ierr);
  ierr = CeedQFunctionDestroy(&(*op)->dqfT); CeedChk(ierr);

  // Destroy fallback
  if ((*op)->opfallback) {
    ierr = (*op)->qffallback->Destroy((*op)->qffallback); CeedChk(ierr);
    ierr = CeedFree(&(*op)->qffallback); CeedChk(ierr);
    ierr = (*op)->opfallback->Destroy((*op)->opfallback); CeedChk(ierr);
    ierr = CeedFree(&(*op)->opfallback); CeedChk(ierr);
  }

  ierr = CeedFree(&(*op)->inputfields); CeedChk(ierr);
  ierr = CeedFree(&(*op)->outputfields); CeedChk(ierr);
  ierr = CeedFree(&(*op)->suboperators); CeedChk(ierr);
  ierr = CeedFree(op); CeedChk(ierr);
  return 0;
}

/// @}