xref: /libCEED/rust/libceed-sys/c-src/backends/sycl-ref/ceed-sycl-ref-basis.sycl.cpp (revision 6ca0f394dabdca92269b68ec74be8bebae3befa4)
1 // Copyright (c) 2017-2022, Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC and other CEED contributors.
2 // All Rights Reserved. See the top-level LICENSE and NOTICE files for details.
3 //
4 // SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
5 //
6 // This file is part of CEED:  http://github.com/ceed
7 
8 #include <ceed/backend.h>
9 #include <ceed/ceed.h>
10 #include <ceed/jit-tools.h>
11 
12 #include <sycl/sycl.hpp>
13 #include <vector>
14 
15 #include "../sycl/ceed-sycl-compile.hpp"
16 #include "ceed-sycl-ref.hpp"
17 
18 template <int>
19 class CeedBasisSyclInterp;
20 template <int>
21 class CeedBasisSyclGrad;
22 class CeedBasisSyclWeight;
23 
24 class CeedBasisSyclInterpNT;
25 class CeedBasisSyclGradNT;
26 class CeedBasisSyclWeightNT;
27 
28 using SpecID = sycl::specialization_id<CeedInt>;
29 
30 static constexpr SpecID BASIS_DIM_ID;
31 static constexpr SpecID BASIS_NUM_COMP_ID;
32 static constexpr SpecID BASIS_P_1D_ID;
33 static constexpr SpecID BASIS_Q_1D_ID;
34 
35 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
36 // Interpolation kernel - tensor
37 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
38 template <int transpose>
39 static int CeedBasisApplyInterp_Sycl(sycl::queue &sycl_queue, const SyclModule_t &sycl_module, CeedInt num_elem, const CeedBasis_Sycl *impl,
40                                      const CeedScalar *u, CeedScalar *v) {
41   const CeedInt     buf_len   = impl->buf_len;
42   const CeedInt     op_len    = impl->op_len;
43   const CeedScalar *interp_1d = impl->d_interp_1d;
44 
45   const sycl::device &sycl_device         = sycl_queue.get_device();
46   const CeedInt       max_work_group_size = 32;
47   const CeedInt       work_group_size     = CeedIntMin(impl->num_qpts, max_work_group_size);
48   sycl::range<1>      local_range(work_group_size);
49   sycl::range<1>      global_range(num_elem * work_group_size);
50   sycl::nd_range<1>   kernel_range(global_range, local_range);
51 
52   // Order queue
53   sycl::event e = sycl_queue.ext_oneapi_submit_barrier();
54   sycl_queue.submit([&](sycl::handler &cgh) {
55     cgh.depends_on({e});
56     cgh.use_kernel_bundle(sycl_module);
57 
58     sycl::local_accessor<CeedScalar> s_mem(op_len + 2 * buf_len, cgh);
59 
60     cgh.parallel_for<CeedBasisSyclInterp<transpose>>(kernel_range, [=](sycl::nd_item<1> work_item, sycl::kernel_handler kh) {
61       //-------------------------------------------------------------->
62       // Retrieve spec constant values
63       const CeedInt dim      = kh.get_specialization_constant<BASIS_DIM_ID>();
64       const CeedInt num_comp = kh.get_specialization_constant<BASIS_NUM_COMP_ID>();
65       const CeedInt P_1d     = kh.get_specialization_constant<BASIS_P_1D_ID>();
66       const CeedInt Q_1d     = kh.get_specialization_constant<BASIS_Q_1D_ID>();
67       //-------------------------------------------------------------->
68       const CeedInt num_nodes     = CeedIntPow(P_1d, dim);
69       const CeedInt num_qpts      = CeedIntPow(Q_1d, dim);
70       const CeedInt P             = transpose ? Q_1d : P_1d;
71       const CeedInt Q             = transpose ? P_1d : Q_1d;
72       const CeedInt stride_0      = transpose ? 1 : P_1d;
73       const CeedInt stride_1      = transpose ? P_1d : 1;
74       const CeedInt u_stride      = transpose ? num_qpts : num_nodes;
75       const CeedInt v_stride      = transpose ? num_nodes : num_qpts;
76       const CeedInt u_comp_stride = num_elem * u_stride;
77       const CeedInt v_comp_stride = num_elem * v_stride;
78       const CeedInt u_size        = u_stride;
79 
80       sycl::group   work_group = work_item.get_group();
81       const CeedInt i          = work_item.get_local_linear_id();
82       const CeedInt group_size = work_group.get_local_linear_range();
83       const CeedInt elem       = work_group.get_group_linear_id();
84 
85       CeedScalar *s_interp_1d = s_mem.get_pointer();
86       CeedScalar *s_buffer_1  = s_interp_1d + Q * P;
87       CeedScalar *s_buffer_2  = s_buffer_1 + buf_len;
88 
89       for (CeedInt k = i; k < P * Q; k += group_size) {
90         s_interp_1d[k] = interp_1d[k];
91       }
92 
93       // Apply basis element by element
94       for (CeedInt comp = 0; comp < num_comp; comp++) {
95         const CeedScalar *cur_u = u + elem * u_stride + comp * u_comp_stride;
96         CeedScalar       *cur_v = v + elem * v_stride + comp * v_comp_stride;
97 
98         for (CeedInt k = i; k < u_size; k += group_size) {
99           s_buffer_1[k] = cur_u[k];
100         }
101 
102         CeedInt pre  = u_size;
103         CeedInt post = 1;
104 
105         for (CeedInt d = 0; d < dim; d++) {
106           // Use older version of sycl workgroup barrier for performance reasons
107           // Can be updated in future to align with SYCL2020 spec if performance bottleneck is removed
108           // sycl::group_barrier(work_group);
109           work_item.barrier(sycl::access::fence_space::local_space);
110 
111           pre /= P;
112           const CeedScalar *in  = d % 2 ? s_buffer_2 : s_buffer_1;
113           CeedScalar       *out = d == dim - 1 ? cur_v : (d % 2 ? s_buffer_1 : s_buffer_2);
114 
115           // Contract along middle index
116           const CeedInt writeLen = pre * post * Q;
117           for (CeedInt k = i; k < writeLen; k += group_size) {
118             const CeedInt c = k % post;
119             const CeedInt j = (k / post) % Q;
120             const CeedInt a = k / (post * Q);
121 
122             CeedScalar vk = 0;
123             for (CeedInt b = 0; b < P; b++) {
124               vk += s_interp_1d[j * stride_0 + b * stride_1] * in[(a * P + b) * post + c];
125             }
126             out[k] = vk;
127           }
128           post *= Q;
129         }
130       }
131     });
132   });
133   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
134 }
135 
136 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
137 // Gradient kernel - tensor
138 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
139 template <int transpose>
140 static int CeedBasisApplyGrad_Sycl(sycl::queue &sycl_queue, const SyclModule_t &sycl_module, CeedInt num_elem, const CeedBasis_Sycl *impl,
141                                    const CeedScalar *u, CeedScalar *v) {
142   const CeedInt     buf_len   = impl->buf_len;
143   const CeedInt     op_len    = impl->op_len;
144   const CeedScalar *interp_1d = impl->d_interp_1d;
145   const CeedScalar *grad_1d   = impl->d_grad_1d;
146 
147   const sycl::device &sycl_device     = sycl_queue.get_device();
148   const CeedInt       work_group_size = 32;
149   sycl::range<1>      local_range(work_group_size);
150   sycl::range<1>      global_range(num_elem * work_group_size);
151   sycl::nd_range<1>   kernel_range(global_range, local_range);
152 
153   // Order queue
154   sycl::event e = sycl_queue.ext_oneapi_submit_barrier();
155   sycl_queue.submit([&](sycl::handler &cgh) {
156     cgh.depends_on({e});
157     cgh.use_kernel_bundle(sycl_module);
158 
159     sycl::local_accessor<CeedScalar> s_mem(2 * (op_len + buf_len), cgh);
160 
161     cgh.parallel_for<CeedBasisSyclGrad<transpose>>(kernel_range, [=](sycl::nd_item<1> work_item, sycl::kernel_handler kh) {
162       //-------------------------------------------------------------->
163       // Retrieve spec constant values
164       const CeedInt dim      = kh.get_specialization_constant<BASIS_DIM_ID>();
165       const CeedInt num_comp = kh.get_specialization_constant<BASIS_NUM_COMP_ID>();
166       const CeedInt P_1d     = kh.get_specialization_constant<BASIS_P_1D_ID>();
167       const CeedInt Q_1d     = kh.get_specialization_constant<BASIS_Q_1D_ID>();
168       //-------------------------------------------------------------->
169       const CeedInt num_nodes     = CeedIntPow(P_1d, dim);
170       const CeedInt num_qpts      = CeedIntPow(Q_1d, dim);
171       const CeedInt P             = transpose ? Q_1d : P_1d;
172       const CeedInt Q             = transpose ? P_1d : Q_1d;
173       const CeedInt stride_0      = transpose ? 1 : P_1d;
174       const CeedInt stride_1      = transpose ? P_1d : 1;
175       const CeedInt u_stride      = transpose ? num_qpts : num_nodes;
176       const CeedInt v_stride      = transpose ? num_nodes : num_qpts;
177       const CeedInt u_comp_stride = num_elem * u_stride;
178       const CeedInt v_comp_stride = num_elem * v_stride;
179       const CeedInt u_dim_stride  = transpose ? num_elem * num_qpts * num_comp : 0;
180       const CeedInt v_dim_stride  = transpose ? 0 : num_elem * num_qpts * num_comp;
181       sycl::group   work_group    = work_item.get_group();
182       const CeedInt i             = work_item.get_local_linear_id();
183       const CeedInt group_size    = work_group.get_local_linear_range();
184       const CeedInt elem          = work_group.get_group_linear_id();
185 
186       CeedScalar *s_interp_1d = s_mem.get_pointer();
187       CeedScalar *s_grad_1d   = s_interp_1d + P * Q;
188       CeedScalar *s_buffer_1  = s_grad_1d + P * Q;
189       CeedScalar *s_buffer_2  = s_buffer_1 + buf_len;
190 
191       for (CeedInt k = i; k < P * Q; k += group_size) {
192         s_interp_1d[k] = interp_1d[k];
193         s_grad_1d[k]   = grad_1d[k];
194       }
195 
196       // Apply basis element by element
197       for (CeedInt comp = 0; comp < num_comp; comp++) {
198         for (CeedInt dim_1 = 0; dim_1 < dim; dim_1++) {
199           CeedInt           pre   = transpose ? num_qpts : num_nodes;
200           CeedInt           post  = 1;
201           const CeedScalar *cur_u = u + elem * u_stride + dim_1 * u_dim_stride + comp * u_comp_stride;
202           CeedScalar       *cur_v = v + elem * v_stride + dim_1 * v_dim_stride + comp * v_comp_stride;
203 
204           for (CeedInt dim_2 = 0; dim_2 < dim; dim_2++) {
205             // Use older version of sycl workgroup barrier for performance reasons
206             // Can be updated in future to align with SYCL2020 spec if performance bottleneck is removed
207             // sycl::group_barrier(work_group);
208             work_item.barrier(sycl::access::fence_space::local_space);
209 
210             pre /= P;
211             const CeedScalar *op  = dim_1 == dim_2 ? s_grad_1d : s_interp_1d;
212             const CeedScalar *in  = (dim_2 == 0 ? cur_u : (dim_2 % 2 ? s_buffer_2 : s_buffer_1));
213             CeedScalar       *out = dim_2 == dim - 1 ? cur_v : (dim_2 % 2 ? s_buffer_1 : s_buffer_2);
214 
215             // Contract along middle index
216             const CeedInt writeLen = pre * post * Q;
217             for (CeedInt k = i; k < writeLen; k += group_size) {
218               const CeedInt c = k % post;
219               const CeedInt j = (k / post) % Q;
220               const CeedInt a = k / (post * Q);
221 
222               CeedScalar v_k = 0;
223               for (CeedInt b = 0; b < P; b++) v_k += op[j * stride_0 + b * stride_1] * in[(a * P + b) * post + c];
224 
225               if (transpose && dim_2 == dim - 1) out[k] += v_k;
226               else out[k] = v_k;
227             }
228 
229             post *= Q;
230           }
231         }
232       }
233     });
234   });
235   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
236 }
237 
238 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
239 // Weight kernel - tensor
240 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
241 static int CeedBasisApplyWeight_Sycl(sycl::queue &sycl_queue, CeedInt num_elem, const CeedBasis_Sycl *impl, CeedScalar *w) {
242   const CeedInt     dim         = impl->dim;
243   const CeedInt     Q_1d        = impl->Q_1d;
244   const CeedScalar *q_weight_1d = impl->d_q_weight_1d;
245 
246   const CeedInt  num_quad_x = Q_1d;
247   const CeedInt  num_quad_y = (dim > 1) ? Q_1d : 1;
248   const CeedInt  num_quad_z = (dim > 2) ? Q_1d : 1;
249   sycl::range<3> kernel_range(num_elem * num_quad_z, num_quad_y, num_quad_x);
250 
251   // Order queue
252   sycl::event e = sycl_queue.ext_oneapi_submit_barrier();
253   sycl_queue.parallel_for<CeedBasisSyclWeight>(kernel_range, {e}, [=](sycl::item<3> work_item) {
254     if (dim == 1) w[work_item.get_linear_id()] = q_weight_1d[work_item[2]];
255     if (dim == 2) w[work_item.get_linear_id()] = q_weight_1d[work_item[2]] * q_weight_1d[work_item[1]];
256     if (dim == 3) w[work_item.get_linear_id()] = q_weight_1d[work_item[2]] * q_weight_1d[work_item[1]] * q_weight_1d[work_item[0] % Q_1d];
257   });
258   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
259 }
260 
261 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
262 // Basis apply - tensor
263 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
264 static int CeedBasisApply_Sycl(CeedBasis basis, const CeedInt num_elem, CeedTransposeMode t_mode, CeedEvalMode eval_mode, CeedVector u,
265                                CeedVector v) {
266   Ceed ceed;
267   CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetCeed(basis, &ceed));
268   Ceed_Sycl *data;
269   CeedCallBackend(CeedGetData(ceed, &data));
270   CeedBasis_Sycl *impl;
271   CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetData(basis, &impl));
272 
273   const CeedInt transpose = t_mode == CEED_TRANSPOSE;
274 
275   // Read vectors
276   const CeedScalar *d_u;
277   CeedScalar       *d_v;
278   if (eval_mode != CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT) {
279     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetArrayRead(u, CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &d_u));
280   }
281   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetArrayWrite(v, CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &d_v));
282 
283   // Clear v for transpose operation
284   if (t_mode == CEED_TRANSPOSE) {
285     CeedSize length;
286     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetLength(v, &length));
287     // Order queue
288     sycl::event e = data->sycl_queue.ext_oneapi_submit_barrier();
289     data->sycl_queue.fill<CeedScalar>(d_v, 0, length, {e});
290   }
291 
292   // Basis action
293   switch (eval_mode) {
294     case CEED_EVAL_INTERP: {
295       if (transpose) {
296         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisApplyInterp_Sycl<CEED_TRANSPOSE>(data->sycl_queue, *impl->sycl_module, num_elem, impl, d_u, d_v));
297       } else {
298         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisApplyInterp_Sycl<CEED_NOTRANSPOSE>(data->sycl_queue, *impl->sycl_module, num_elem, impl, d_u, d_v));
299       }
300     } break;
301     case CEED_EVAL_GRAD: {
302       if (transpose) {
303         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisApplyGrad_Sycl<1>(data->sycl_queue, *impl->sycl_module, num_elem, impl, d_u, d_v));
304       } else {
305         CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisApplyGrad_Sycl<0>(data->sycl_queue, *impl->sycl_module, num_elem, impl, d_u, d_v));
306       }
307     } break;
308     case CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT: {
309       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisApplyWeight_Sycl(data->sycl_queue, num_elem, impl, d_v));
310     } break;
311     // LCOV_EXCL_START
312     // Evaluate the divergence to/from the quadrature points
313     case CEED_EVAL_DIV:
314       return CeedError(ceed, CEED_ERROR_BACKEND, "CEED_EVAL_DIV not supported");
315     // Evaluate the curl to/from the quadrature points
316     case CEED_EVAL_CURL:
317       return CeedError(ceed, CEED_ERROR_BACKEND, "CEED_EVAL_CURL not supported");
318     // Take no action, BasisApply should not have been called
319     case CEED_EVAL_NONE:
320       return CeedError(ceed, CEED_ERROR_BACKEND, "CEED_EVAL_NONE does not make sense in this context");
321       // LCOV_EXCL_STOP
322   }
323 
324   // Restore vectors
325   if (eval_mode != CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT) {
326     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorRestoreArrayRead(u, &d_u));
327   }
328   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorRestoreArray(v, &d_v));
329   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
330 }
331 
332 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
333 // Interpolation kernel - non-tensor
334 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
335 static int CeedBasisApplyNonTensorInterp_Sycl(sycl::queue &sycl_queue, CeedInt num_elem, CeedInt transpose, const CeedBasisNonTensor_Sycl *impl,
336                                               const CeedScalar *d_U, CeedScalar *d_V) {
337   const CeedInt     num_comp      = impl->num_comp;
338   const CeedInt     P             = transpose ? impl->num_qpts : impl->num_nodes;
339   const CeedInt     Q             = transpose ? impl->num_nodes : impl->num_qpts;
340   const CeedInt     stride_0      = transpose ? 1 : impl->num_nodes;
341   const CeedInt     stride_1      = transpose ? impl->num_nodes : 1;
342   const CeedInt     u_stride      = P;
343   const CeedInt     v_stride      = Q;
344   const CeedInt     u_comp_stride = u_stride * num_elem;
345   const CeedInt     v_comp_stride = v_stride * num_elem;
346   const CeedInt     u_size        = P;
347   const CeedInt     v_size        = Q;
348   const CeedScalar *d_B           = impl->d_interp;
349 
350   sycl::range<2> kernel_range(num_elem, v_size);
351 
352   // Order queue
353   sycl::event e = sycl_queue.ext_oneapi_submit_barrier();
354   sycl_queue.parallel_for<CeedBasisSyclInterpNT>(kernel_range, {e}, [=](sycl::id<2> indx) {
355     const CeedInt i    = indx[1];
356     const CeedInt elem = indx[0];
357 
358     for (CeedInt comp = 0; comp < num_comp; comp++) {
359       const CeedScalar *U = d_U + elem * u_stride + comp * u_comp_stride;
360       CeedScalar        V = 0.0;
361 
362       for (CeedInt j = 0; j < u_size; ++j) {
363         V += d_B[i * stride_0 + j * stride_1] * U[j];
364       }
365       d_V[i + elem * v_stride + comp * v_comp_stride] = V;
366     }
367   });
368   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
369 }
370 
371 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
372 // Gradient kernel - non-tensor
373 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
374 static int CeedBasisApplyNonTensorGrad_Sycl(sycl::queue &sycl_queue, CeedInt num_elem, CeedInt transpose, const CeedBasisNonTensor_Sycl *impl,
375                                             const CeedScalar *d_U, CeedScalar *d_V) {
376   const CeedInt     num_comp      = impl->num_comp;
377   const CeedInt     P             = transpose ? impl->num_qpts : impl->num_nodes;
378   const CeedInt     Q             = transpose ? impl->num_nodes : impl->num_qpts;
379   const CeedInt     stride_0      = transpose ? 1 : impl->num_nodes;
380   const CeedInt     stride_1      = transpose ? impl->num_nodes : 1;
381   const CeedInt     g_dim_stride  = P * Q;
382   const CeedInt     u_stride      = P;
383   const CeedInt     v_stride      = Q;
384   const CeedInt     u_comp_stride = u_stride * num_elem;
385   const CeedInt     v_comp_stride = v_stride * num_elem;
386   const CeedInt     u_dim_stride  = u_comp_stride * num_comp;
387   const CeedInt     v_dim_stride  = v_comp_stride * num_comp;
388   const CeedInt     u_size        = P;
389   const CeedInt     v_size        = Q;
390   const CeedInt     in_dim        = transpose ? impl->dim : 1;
391   const CeedInt     out_dim       = transpose ? 1 : impl->dim;
392   const CeedScalar *d_G           = impl->d_grad;
393 
394   sycl::range<2> kernel_range(num_elem, v_size);
395 
396   // Order queue
397   sycl::event e = sycl_queue.ext_oneapi_submit_barrier();
398   sycl_queue.parallel_for<CeedBasisSyclGradNT>(kernel_range, {e}, [=](sycl::id<2> indx) {
399     const CeedInt i    = indx[1];
400     const CeedInt elem = indx[0];
401 
402     for (CeedInt comp = 0; comp < num_comp; comp++) {
403       CeedScalar V[3] = {0.0, 0.0, 0.0};
404 
405       for (CeedInt d1 = 0; d1 < in_dim; ++d1) {
406         const CeedScalar *U = d_U + elem * u_stride + comp * u_comp_stride + d1 * u_dim_stride;
407         const CeedScalar *G = d_G + i * stride_0 + d1 * g_dim_stride;
408 
409         for (CeedInt j = 0; j < u_size; ++j) {
410           const CeedScalar Uj = U[j];
411 
412           for (CeedInt d0 = 0; d0 < out_dim; ++d0) {
413             V[d0] += G[j * stride_1 + d0 * g_dim_stride] * Uj;
414           }
415         }
416       }
417       for (CeedInt d0 = 0; d0 < out_dim; ++d0) {
418         d_V[i + elem * v_stride + comp * v_comp_stride + d0 * v_dim_stride] = V[d0];
419       }
420     }
421   });
422   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
423 }
424 
425 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
426 // Weight kernel - non-tensor
427 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
428 static int CeedBasisApplyNonTensorWeight_Sycl(sycl::queue &sycl_queue, CeedInt num_elem, const CeedBasisNonTensor_Sycl *impl, CeedScalar *d_V) {
429   const CeedInt     num_qpts = impl->num_qpts;
430   const CeedScalar *q_weight = impl->d_q_weight;
431 
432   sycl::range<2> kernel_range(num_elem, num_qpts);
433 
434   // Order queue
435   sycl::event e = sycl_queue.ext_oneapi_submit_barrier();
436   sycl_queue.parallel_for<CeedBasisSyclWeightNT>(kernel_range, {e}, [=](sycl::id<2> indx) {
437     const CeedInt i          = indx[1];
438     const CeedInt elem       = indx[0];
439     d_V[i + elem * num_qpts] = q_weight[i];
440   });
441   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
442 }
443 
444 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
445 // Basis apply - non-tensor
446 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
447 static int CeedBasisApplyNonTensor_Sycl(CeedBasis basis, const CeedInt num_elem, CeedTransposeMode t_mode, CeedEvalMode eval_mode, CeedVector u,
448                                         CeedVector v) {
449   Ceed ceed;
450   CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetCeed(basis, &ceed));
451   CeedBasisNonTensor_Sycl *impl;
452   CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetData(basis, &impl));
453   Ceed_Sycl *data;
454   CeedCallBackend(CeedGetData(ceed, &data));
455 
456   const CeedInt transpose = t_mode == CEED_TRANSPOSE;
457 
458   // Read vectors
459   const CeedScalar *d_u;
460   CeedScalar       *d_v;
461   if (eval_mode != CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT) {
462     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetArrayRead(u, CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &d_u));
463   }
464   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetArrayWrite(v, CEED_MEM_DEVICE, &d_v));
465 
466   // Clear v for transpose operation
467   if (transpose) {
468     CeedSize length;
469     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorGetLength(v, &length));
470     // Order queue
471     sycl::event e = data->sycl_queue.ext_oneapi_submit_barrier();
472     data->sycl_queue.fill<CeedScalar>(d_v, 0, length, {e});
473   }
474 
475   // Apply basis operation
476   switch (eval_mode) {
477     case CEED_EVAL_INTERP: {
478       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisApplyNonTensorInterp_Sycl(data->sycl_queue, num_elem, transpose, impl, d_u, d_v));
479     } break;
480     case CEED_EVAL_GRAD: {
481       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisApplyNonTensorGrad_Sycl(data->sycl_queue, num_elem, transpose, impl, d_u, d_v));
482     } break;
483     case CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT: {
484       CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisApplyNonTensorWeight_Sycl(data->sycl_queue, num_elem, impl, d_v));
485     } break;
486     // LCOV_EXCL_START
487     // Evaluate the divergence to/from the quadrature points
488     case CEED_EVAL_DIV:
489       return CeedError(ceed, CEED_ERROR_BACKEND, "CEED_EVAL_DIV not supported");
490     // Evaluate the curl to/from the quadrature points
491     case CEED_EVAL_CURL:
492       return CeedError(ceed, CEED_ERROR_BACKEND, "CEED_EVAL_CURL not supported");
493     // Take no action, BasisApply should not have been called
494     case CEED_EVAL_NONE:
495       return CeedError(ceed, CEED_ERROR_BACKEND, "CEED_EVAL_NONE does not make sense in this context");
496       // LCOV_EXCL_STOP
497   }
498 
499   // Restore vectors
500   if (eval_mode != CEED_EVAL_WEIGHT) {
501     CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorRestoreArrayRead(u, &d_u));
502   }
503 
504   CeedCallBackend(CeedVectorRestoreArray(v, &d_v));
505   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
506 }
507 
508 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
509 // Destroy tensor basis
510 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
511 static int CeedBasisDestroy_Sycl(CeedBasis basis) {
512   Ceed ceed;
513   CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetCeed(basis, &ceed));
514   CeedBasis_Sycl *impl;
515   CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetData(basis, &impl));
516   Ceed_Sycl *data;
517   CeedCallBackend(CeedGetData(ceed, &data));
518 
519   // Wait for all work to finish before freeing memory
520   CeedCallSycl(ceed, data->sycl_queue.wait_and_throw());
521 
522   CeedCallSycl(ceed, sycl::free(impl->d_q_weight_1d, data->sycl_context));
523   CeedCallSycl(ceed, sycl::free(impl->d_interp_1d, data->sycl_context));
524   CeedCallSycl(ceed, sycl::free(impl->d_grad_1d, data->sycl_context));
525 
526   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&impl));
527 
528   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
529 }
530 
531 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
532 // Destroy non-tensor basis
533 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
534 static int CeedBasisDestroyNonTensor_Sycl(CeedBasis basis) {
535   Ceed ceed;
536   CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetCeed(basis, &ceed));
537   CeedBasisNonTensor_Sycl *impl;
538   CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetData(basis, &impl));
539   Ceed_Sycl *data;
540   CeedCallBackend(CeedGetData(ceed, &data));
541 
542   // Wait for all work to finish before freeing memory
543   CeedCallSycl(ceed, data->sycl_queue.wait_and_throw());
544 
545   CeedCallSycl(ceed, sycl::free(impl->d_q_weight, data->sycl_context));
546   CeedCallSycl(ceed, sycl::free(impl->d_interp, data->sycl_context));
547   CeedCallSycl(ceed, sycl::free(impl->d_grad, data->sycl_context));
548 
549   CeedCallBackend(CeedFree(&impl));
550 
551   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
552 }
553 
554 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
555 // Create tensor
556 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
557 int CeedBasisCreateTensorH1_Sycl(CeedInt dim, CeedInt P_1d, CeedInt Q_1d, const CeedScalar *interp_1d, const CeedScalar *grad_1d,
558                                  const CeedScalar *q_ref_1d, const CeedScalar *q_weight_1d, CeedBasis basis) {
559   Ceed ceed;
560   CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetCeed(basis, &ceed));
561   CeedBasis_Sycl *impl;
562   CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(1, &impl));
563   Ceed_Sycl *data;
564   CeedCallBackend(CeedGetData(ceed, &data));
565 
566   CeedInt num_comp;
567   CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumComponents(basis, &num_comp));
568 
569   const CeedInt num_nodes = CeedIntPow(P_1d, dim);
570   const CeedInt num_qpts  = CeedIntPow(Q_1d, dim);
571 
572   impl->dim       = dim;
573   impl->P_1d      = P_1d;
574   impl->Q_1d      = Q_1d;
575   impl->num_comp  = num_comp;
576   impl->num_nodes = num_nodes;
577   impl->num_qpts  = num_qpts;
578   impl->buf_len   = num_comp * CeedIntMax(num_nodes, num_qpts);
579   impl->op_len    = Q_1d * P_1d;
580 
581   // Order queue
582   sycl::event e = data->sycl_queue.ext_oneapi_submit_barrier();
583 
584   CeedCallSycl(ceed, impl->d_q_weight_1d = sycl::malloc_device<CeedScalar>(Q_1d, data->sycl_device, data->sycl_context));
585   sycl::event copy_weight = data->sycl_queue.copy<CeedScalar>(q_weight_1d, impl->d_q_weight_1d, Q_1d, {e});
586 
587   const CeedInt interp_length = Q_1d * P_1d;
588   CeedCallSycl(ceed, impl->d_interp_1d = sycl::malloc_device<CeedScalar>(interp_length, data->sycl_device, data->sycl_context));
589   sycl::event copy_interp = data->sycl_queue.copy<CeedScalar>(interp_1d, impl->d_interp_1d, interp_length, {e});
590 
591   CeedCallSycl(ceed, impl->d_grad_1d = sycl::malloc_device<CeedScalar>(interp_length, data->sycl_device, data->sycl_context));
592   sycl::event copy_grad = data->sycl_queue.copy<CeedScalar>(grad_1d, impl->d_grad_1d, interp_length, {e});
593 
594   CeedCallSycl(ceed, sycl::event::wait_and_throw({copy_weight, copy_interp, copy_grad}));
595 
596   std::vector<sycl::kernel_id> kernel_ids = {sycl::get_kernel_id<CeedBasisSyclInterp<1>>(), sycl::get_kernel_id<CeedBasisSyclInterp<0>>(),
597                                              sycl::get_kernel_id<CeedBasisSyclGrad<1>>(), sycl::get_kernel_id<CeedBasisSyclGrad<0>>()};
598 
599   sycl::kernel_bundle<sycl::bundle_state::input> input_bundle = sycl::get_kernel_bundle<sycl::bundle_state::input>(data->sycl_context, kernel_ids);
600   input_bundle.set_specialization_constant<BASIS_DIM_ID>(dim);
601   input_bundle.set_specialization_constant<BASIS_NUM_COMP_ID>(num_comp);
602   input_bundle.set_specialization_constant<BASIS_Q_1D_ID>(Q_1d);
603   input_bundle.set_specialization_constant<BASIS_P_1D_ID>(P_1d);
604 
605   CeedCallSycl(ceed, impl->sycl_module = new SyclModule_t(sycl::build(input_bundle)));
606 
607   CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisSetData(basis, impl));
608 
609   // Register backend functions
610   CeedCallBackend(CeedSetBackendFunctionCpp(ceed, "Basis", basis, "Apply", CeedBasisApply_Sycl));
611   CeedCallBackend(CeedSetBackendFunctionCpp(ceed, "Basis", basis, "Destroy", CeedBasisDestroy_Sycl));
612   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
613 }
614 
615 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
616 // Create non-tensor
617 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
618 int CeedBasisCreateH1_Sycl(CeedElemTopology topo, CeedInt dim, CeedInt num_nodes, CeedInt num_qpts, const CeedScalar *interp, const CeedScalar *grad,
619                            const CeedScalar *qref, const CeedScalar *q_weight, CeedBasis basis) {
620   Ceed ceed;
621   CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetCeed(basis, &ceed));
622   CeedBasisNonTensor_Sycl *impl;
623   CeedCallBackend(CeedCalloc(1, &impl));
624   Ceed_Sycl *data;
625   CeedCallBackend(CeedGetData(ceed, &data));
626 
627   CeedInt num_comp;
628   CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisGetNumComponents(basis, &num_comp));
629 
630   impl->dim       = dim;
631   impl->num_comp  = num_comp;
632   impl->num_nodes = num_nodes;
633   impl->num_qpts  = num_qpts;
634 
635   // Order queue
636   sycl::event e = data->sycl_queue.ext_oneapi_submit_barrier();
637 
638   CeedCallSycl(ceed, impl->d_q_weight = sycl::malloc_device<CeedScalar>(num_qpts, data->sycl_device, data->sycl_context));
639   sycl::event copy_weight = data->sycl_queue.copy<CeedScalar>(q_weight, impl->d_q_weight, num_qpts, {e});
640 
641   const CeedInt interp_length = num_qpts * num_nodes;
642   CeedCallSycl(ceed, impl->d_interp = sycl::malloc_device<CeedScalar>(interp_length, data->sycl_device, data->sycl_context));
643   sycl::event copy_interp = data->sycl_queue.copy<CeedScalar>(interp, impl->d_interp, interp_length, {e});
644 
645   const CeedInt grad_length = num_qpts * num_nodes * dim;
646   CeedCallSycl(ceed, impl->d_grad = sycl::malloc_device<CeedScalar>(grad_length, data->sycl_device, data->sycl_context));
647   sycl::event copy_grad = data->sycl_queue.copy<CeedScalar>(grad, impl->d_grad, grad_length, {e});
648 
649   CeedCallSycl(ceed, sycl::event::wait_and_throw({copy_weight, copy_interp, copy_grad}));
650 
651   CeedCallBackend(CeedBasisSetData(basis, impl));
652 
653   // Register backend functions
654   CeedCallBackend(CeedSetBackendFunctionCpp(ceed, "Basis", basis, "Apply", CeedBasisApplyNonTensor_Sycl));
655   CeedCallBackend(CeedSetBackendFunctionCpp(ceed, "Basis", basis, "Destroy", CeedBasisDestroyNonTensor_Sycl));
656   return CEED_ERROR_SUCCESS;
657 }
658 
659 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
660