xref: /petsc/include/petscmacros.h (revision 0462cc06d86a4b04d8da7c4dbbe0d29bc6def07a)
1 #ifndef PETSC_PREPROCESSOR_MACROS_H
2 #define PETSC_PREPROCESSOR_MACROS_H
3 
4 #include <petscconf.h>
5 #include <petscconf_poison.h> /* for PetscDefined() error checking */
6 
7 /* SUBMANSEC = Sys */
8 
9 #if defined(__cplusplus)
10   #if __cplusplus <= 201103L
11     #define PETSC_CPP_VERSION 11
12   #elif __cplusplus <= 201402L
13     #define PETSC_CPP_VERSION 14
14   #elif __cplusplus <= 201703L
15     #define PETSC_CPP_VERSION 17
16   #elif __cplusplus <= 202002L
17     #define PETSC_CPP_VERSION 20
18   #else
19     #define PETSC_CPP_VERSION 22 // current year, or date of c++2b ratification
20   #endif
21 #endif // __cplusplus
22 
23 #ifndef PETSC_CPP_VERSION
24   #define PETSC_CPP_VERSION 0
25 #endif
26 
27 #if defined(__STDC_VERSION__)
28   #if __STDC_VERSION__ <= 199901L
29     // C99 except that 99 is >= 11 or 17 so we shorten it to 9 instead
30     #define PETSC_C_VERSION 9
31   #elif __STDC_VERSION__ <= 201112L
32     #define PETSC_C_VERSION 11
33   #elif __STDC_VERSION__ <= 201710L
34     #define PETSC_C_VERSION 17
35   #else
36     #define PETSC_C_VERSION 22 // current year, or date of c2b ratification
37   #endif
38 #endif // __STDC_VERSION__
39 
40 #ifndef PETSC_C_VERSION
41   #define PETSC_C_VERSION 0
42 #endif
43 
44 /* ========================================================================== */
45 /* This facilitates using the C version of PETSc from C++ and the C++ version from C. */
46 #if defined(__cplusplus)
47   #define PETSC_FUNCTION_NAME PETSC_FUNCTION_NAME_CXX
48 #else
49   #define PETSC_FUNCTION_NAME PETSC_FUNCTION_NAME_C
50 #endif
51 
52 /* ========================================================================== */
53 /* Since PETSc manages its own extern "C" handling users should never include PETSc include
54  * files within extern "C". This will generate a compiler error if a user does put the include
55  * file within an extern "C".
56  */
57 #if defined(__cplusplus)
58 void assert_never_put_petsc_headers_inside_an_extern_c(int);
59 void assert_never_put_petsc_headers_inside_an_extern_c(double);
60 #endif
61 
62 #if defined(__cplusplus)
63   #define PETSC_RESTRICT PETSC_CXX_RESTRICT
64 #else
65   #define PETSC_RESTRICT restrict
66 #endif
67 
68 #define PETSC_INLINE        PETSC_DEPRECATED_MACRO("GCC warning \"PETSC_INLINE is deprecated (since version 3.17)\"") inline
69 #define PETSC_STATIC_INLINE PETSC_DEPRECATED_MACRO("GCC warning \"PETSC_STATIC_INLINE is deprecated (since version 3.17)\"") static inline
70 
71 #if defined(_WIN32) && defined(PETSC_USE_SHARED_LIBRARIES) /* For Win32 shared libraries */
72   #define PETSC_DLLEXPORT __declspec(dllexport)
73   #define PETSC_DLLIMPORT __declspec(dllimport)
74   #define PETSC_VISIBILITY_INTERNAL
75 #elif defined(__cplusplus) && defined(PETSC_USE_VISIBILITY_CXX)
76   #define PETSC_DLLEXPORT           __attribute__((visibility("default")))
77   #define PETSC_DLLIMPORT           __attribute__((visibility("default")))
78   #define PETSC_VISIBILITY_INTERNAL __attribute__((visibility("hidden")))
79 #elif !defined(__cplusplus) && defined(PETSC_USE_VISIBILITY_C)
80   #define PETSC_DLLEXPORT           __attribute__((visibility("default")))
81   #define PETSC_DLLIMPORT           __attribute__((visibility("default")))
82   #define PETSC_VISIBILITY_INTERNAL __attribute__((visibility("hidden")))
83 #else
84   #define PETSC_DLLEXPORT
85   #define PETSC_DLLIMPORT
86   #define PETSC_VISIBILITY_INTERNAL
87 #endif
88 
89 #if defined(petsc_EXPORTS) /* CMake defines this when building the shared library */
90   #define PETSC_VISIBILITY_PUBLIC PETSC_DLLEXPORT
91 #else /* Win32 users need this to import symbols from petsc.dll */
92   #define PETSC_VISIBILITY_PUBLIC PETSC_DLLIMPORT
93 #endif
94 
95 /* Functions tagged with PETSC_EXTERN in the header files are always defined as extern "C" when
96  * compiled with C++ so they may be used from C and are always visible in the shared libraries
97  */
98 #if defined(__cplusplus)
99   #define PETSC_EXTERN         extern "C" PETSC_VISIBILITY_PUBLIC
100   #define PETSC_EXTERN_TYPEDEF extern "C"
101   #define PETSC_INTERN         extern "C" PETSC_VISIBILITY_INTERNAL
102 #else
103   #define PETSC_EXTERN extern PETSC_VISIBILITY_PUBLIC
104   #define PETSC_EXTERN_TYPEDEF
105   #define PETSC_INTERN extern PETSC_VISIBILITY_INTERNAL
106 #endif
107 
108 #if defined(PETSC_USE_SINGLE_LIBRARY)
109   #define PETSC_SINGLE_LIBRARY_INTERN PETSC_INTERN
110 #else
111   #define PETSC_SINGLE_LIBRARY_INTERN PETSC_EXTERN
112 #endif
113 
114 #if !defined(__has_feature)
115   #define __has_feature(x) 0
116 #endif
117 
118 /*MC
119   PetscHasAttribute - Determine whether a particular __attribute__ is supported by the compiler
120 
121   Synopsis:
122   #include <petscmacros.h>
123   int PetscHasAttribute(name)
124 
125   Input Parameter:
126 . name - The name of the attribute to test
127 
128   Notes:
129   name should be identical to what you might pass to the __attribute__ declaration itself --
130   plain, unbroken text.
131 
132   As `PetscHasAttribute()` is wrapper over the function-like macro `__has_attribute()`, the
133   exact type and value returned is implementation defined. In practice however, it usually
134   returns `1` if the attribute is supported and `0` if the attribute is not supported.
135 
136   Example Usage:
137   Typical usage is using the preprocessor
138 
139 .vb
140   #if PetscHasAttribute(always_inline)
141   #  define MY_ALWAYS_INLINE __attribute__((always_inline))
142   #else
143   #  define MY_ALWAYS_INLINE
144   #endif
145 
146   void foo(void) MY_ALWAYS_INLINE;
147 .ve
148 
149   but it can also be used in regular code
150 
151 .vb
152   if (PetscHasAttribute(some_attribute)) {
153     foo();
154   } else {
155     bar();
156   }
157 .ve
158 
159   Level: intermediate
160 
161 .seealso: `PetscHasBuiltin()`, `PetscDefined()`, `PetscLikely()`, `PetscUnlikely()`,
162 `PETSC_ATTRIBUTE_FORMAT`
163 M*/
164 #if !defined(__has_attribute)
165   #define __has_attribute(x) 0
166 #endif
167 #define PetscHasAttribute(name) __has_attribute(name)
168 
169 /*MC
170   PetscHasBuiltin - Determine whether a particular builtin method is supported by the compiler
171 
172   Synopsis:
173   #include <petscmacros.h>
174   int PetscHasBuiltin(name)
175 
176   Input Parameter:
177 . name - the name of the builtin routine
178 
179   Notes:
180   Evaluates to `1` if the builtin is supported and `0` otherwise. Note the term "evaluates"
181   (vs "expands") is deliberate; even though `PetscHasBuiltin()` is a macro the underlying
182   detector is itself is a compiler extension with implementation-defined return type and
183   semantics. Some compilers implement it as a macro, others as a compiler function. In practice
184   however, all supporting compilers return an integer boolean as described.
185 
186   Example Usage:
187   Typical usage is in preprocessor directives
188 
189 .vb
190   #if PetscHasBuiltin(__builtin_trap)
191   __builtin_trap();
192   #else
193   abort();
194   #endif
195 .ve
196 
197   But it may also be used in regular code
198 
199 .vb
200   if (PetscHasBuiltin(__builtin_alloca)) {
201     foo();
202   } else {
203     bar();
204   }
205 .ve
206 
207   Level: intermediate
208 
209 .seealso: `PetscHasAttribute()`, `PetscAssume()`
210 M*/
211 #if !defined(__has_builtin)
212   #define __has_builtin(x) 0
213 #endif
214 // clangs __has_builtin prior to clang 10 did not properly handle non-function builtins such as
215 // __builtin_types_compatible_p which take types or other non-functiony things as
216 // arguments. The correct way to detect these then is to use __is_identifier (also a clang
217 // extension). GCC has always worked as expected. see https://stackoverflow.com/a/45043153
218 #if defined(__clang__) && defined(__clang_major__) && (__clang_major__ < 10) && defined(__is_identifier)
219   #define PetscHasBuiltin(name) __is_identifier(name)
220 #else
221   #define PetscHasBuiltin(name) __has_builtin(name)
222 #endif
223 
224 #if !defined(PETSC_SKIP_ATTRIBUTE_MPI_TYPE_TAG)
225   /*
226    Support for Clang (>=3.2) matching type tag arguments with void* buffer types.
227    This allows the compiler to detect cases where the MPI datatype argument passed to a MPI routine
228    does not match the actual type of the argument being passed in
229 */
230   #if PetscHasAttribute(pointer_with_type_tag)
231     #define PETSC_ATTRIBUTE_MPI_POINTER_WITH_TYPE(bufno, typeno) __attribute__((pointer_with_type_tag(MPI, bufno, typeno)))
232   #endif
233 
234   #if PetscHasAttribute(type_tag_for_datatype)
235     #define PETSC_ATTRIBUTE_MPI_TYPE_TAG(type)                   __attribute__((type_tag_for_datatype(MPI, type)))
236     #define PETSC_ATTRIBUTE_MPI_TYPE_TAG_LAYOUT_COMPATIBLE(type) __attribute__((type_tag_for_datatype(MPI, type, layout_compatible)))
237   #endif
238 #endif // PETSC_SKIP_ATTRIBUTE_MPI_TYPE_TAG
239 
240 #ifndef PETSC_ATTRIBUTE_MPI_POINTER_WITH_TYPE
241   #define PETSC_ATTRIBUTE_MPI_POINTER_WITH_TYPE(bufno, typeno)
242 #endif
243 
244 #ifndef PETSC_ATTRIBUTE_MPI_TYPE_TAG
245   #define PETSC_ATTRIBUTE_MPI_TYPE_TAG(type)
246 #endif
247 
248 #ifndef PETSC_ATTRIBUTE_MPI_TYPE_TAG_LAYOUT_COMPATIBLE
249   #define PETSC_ATTRIBUTE_MPI_TYPE_TAG_LAYOUT_COMPATIBLE(type)
250 #endif
251 
252 /*MC
253   PETSC_ATTRIBUTE_FORMAT - Indicate to the compiler that specified arguments should be treated
254   as format specifiers and checked for validity
255 
256   Synopsis:
257   #include <petscmacros.h>
258   <attribute declaration> PETSC_ATTRIBUTE_FORMAT(int strIdx, int vaArgIdx)
259 
260   Input Parameters:
261 + strIdx   - The (1-indexed) location of the format string in the argument list
262 - vaArgIdx - The (1-indexed) location of the first formattable argument in the argument list
263 
264   Notes:
265   This function attribute causes the compiler to issue warnings when the format specifier does
266   not match the type of the variable that will be formatted, or when there exists a mismatch
267   between the number of format specifiers and variables to be formatted. It is safe to use this
268   macro if your compiler does not support format specifier checking (though this is
269   exceeedingly rare).
270 
271   Both strIdx and vaArgIdx must be compile-time constant integer literals and cannot have the
272   same value.
273 
274   The arguments to be formatted (and therefore checked by the compiler) must be "contiguous" in
275   the argument list, that is, there is no way to indicate gaps which should not be checked.
276 
277   Definition is suppressed by defining `PETSC_SKIP_ATTRIBUTE_FORMAT` prior to including PETSc
278   header files. In this case the macro will expand empty.
279 
280   Example Usage:
281 .vb
282   // format string is 2nd argument, variable argument list containing args is 3rd argument
283   void my_printf(void *obj, const char *fmt_string, ...) PETSC_ATTRIBUTE_FORMAT(2,3)
284 
285   int    x = 1;
286   double y = 50.0;
287 
288   my_printf(NULL,"%g",x);      // WARNING, format specifier does not match for 'int'!
289   my_printf(NULL,"%d",x,y);    // WARNING, more arguments than format specifiers!
290   my_printf(NULL,"%d %g",x,y); // OK
291 .ve
292 
293   Level: developer
294 
295 .seealso: `PETSC_ATTRIBUTE_COLD`, `PetscHasAttribute()`
296 M*/
297 #if PetscHasAttribute(format) && !defined(PETSC_SKIP_ATTRIBUTE_FORMAT)
298   #define PETSC_ATTRIBUTE_FORMAT(strIdx, vaArgIdx) __attribute__((format(printf, strIdx, vaArgIdx)))
299 #else
300   #define PETSC_ATTRIBUTE_FORMAT(strIdx, vaArgIdx)
301 #endif
302 
303 /*MC
304   PETSC_ATTRIBUTE_COLD - Indicate to the compiler that a function is very unlikely to be
305   executed
306 
307   Notes:
308   The marked function is often optimized for size rather than speed and may be grouped alongside
309   other equally frigid routines improving code locality of lukewarm or hotter parts of program.
310 
311   The paths leading to cold functions are usually automatically marked as unlikely by the
312   compiler. It may thus be useful to mark functions used to handle unlikely conditions -- such
313   as error handlers -- as cold to improve optimization of the surrounding temperate functions.
314 
315   Example Usage:
316 .vb
317   void my_error_handler(...) PETSC_ATTRIBUTE_COLD;
318 
319   if (temperature < 0) {
320     return my_error_handler(...); // chilly!
321   }
322 .ve
323 
324   Level: intermediate
325 
326 .seealso: `PetscUnlikely()`, `PetscUnlikelyDebug()`, `PetscLikely()`, `PetscLikelyDebug()`,
327           `PetscUnreachable()`, `PETSC_ATTRIBUTE_FORMAT`
328 M*/
329 #if PetscHasAttribute(__cold__)
330   #define PETSC_ATTRIBUTE_COLD __attribute__((__cold__))
331 #elif PetscHasAttribute(cold) /* some implementations (old gcc) use no underscores */
332   #define PETSC_ATTRIBUTE_COLD __attribute__((cold))
333 #else
334   #define PETSC_ATTRIBUTE_COLD
335 #endif
336 
337 /*MC
338   PETSC_NULLPTR - Standard way of indicating a null value or pointer
339 
340   No Fortran Support
341 
342   Level: beginner
343 
344   Notes:
345   Equivalent to `NULL` in C source, and nullptr in C++ source. Note that for the purposes of
346   interoperability between C and C++, setting a pointer to `PETSC_NULLPTR` in C++ is functonially
347   equivalent to setting the same pointer to `NULL` in C. That is to say that the following
348   expressions are equivalent\:
349 
350 .vb
351   ptr == PETSC_NULLPTR
352   ptr == NULL
353   ptr == 0
354   !ptr
355 
356   ptr = PETSC_NULLPTR
357   ptr = NULL
358   ptr = 0
359 .ve
360 
361   and for completeness' sake\:
362 
363 .vb
364   PETSC_NULLPTR == NULL
365 .ve
366 
367   Example Usage:
368 .vb
369   // may be used in place of '\0' or other such teminators in the definition of char arrays
370   const char *const MyEnumTypes[] = {
371     "foo",
372     "bar",
373     PETSC_NULLPTR
374   };
375 
376   // may be used to nullify objects
377   PetscObject obj = PETSC_NULLPTR;
378 
379   // may be used in any function expecting NULL
380   PetscInfo(PETSC_NULLPTR,"Lorem Ipsum Dolor");
381 .ve
382 
383   Developer Notes:
384   `PETSC_NULLPTR` must be used in place of NULL in all C++ source files. Using NULL in source
385   files compiled with a C++ compiler may lead to unexpected side-effects in function overload
386   resolution and/or compiler warnings.
387 
388 .seealso: `PETSC_CONSTEXPR_14`, `PETSC_NODISCARD`
389 M*/
390 
391 /*MC
392   PETSC_CONSTEXPR_14 - C++14 constexpr
393 
394   No Fortran Support
395 
396   Level: beginner
397 
398   Notes:
399   Equivalent to constexpr when using a C++ compiler that supports C++14. Expands to nothing
400   if the C++ compiler does not support C++14 or when not compiling with a C++ compiler. Note
401   that this cannot be used in cases where an empty expansion would result in invalid code. It
402   is safe to use this in C source files.
403 
404   Example Usage:
405 .vb
406   PETSC_CONSTEXPR_14 int factorial(int n)
407   {
408     int r = 1;
409 
410     do {
411       r *= n;
412     } while (--n);
413     return r;
414   }
415 .ve
416 
417 .seealso: `PETSC_NULLPTR`, `PETSC_NODISCARD`
418 M*/
419 
420 /*MC
421   PETSC_NODISCARD - Mark the return value of a function as non-discardable
422 
423   Not available in Fortran
424 
425   Level: beginner
426 
427   Notes:
428   Hints to the compiler that the return value of a function must be captured. A diagnostic may
429   (but is not required to) be emitted if the value is discarded. It is safe to use this in both
430   C and C++ source files.
431 
432   Example Usage:
433 .vb
434   class Foo
435   {
436     int x;
437 
438   public:
439     PETSC_NODISCARD Foo(int y) : x(y) { }
440   };
441 
442   PETSC_NODISCARD int factorial(int n)
443   {
444     return n <= 1 ? 1 : (n * factorial(n - 1));
445   }
446 
447   auto x = factorial(10); // OK, capturing return value
448   factorial(10);          // Warning: ignoring return value of function declared 'nodiscard'
449 
450   auto f = Foo(x); // OK, capturing constructed object
451   Foo(x);          // Warning: Ignoring temporary created by a constructor declared 'nodiscard'
452 .ve
453 
454 .seealso: `PETSC_NULLPTR`, `PETSC_CONSTEXPR_14`
455 M*/
456 
457 /* C++11 features */
458 #if defined(__cplusplus) || (PETSC_C_VERSION >= 23)
459   #define PETSC_NULLPTR nullptr
460 #else
461   #define PETSC_NULLPTR NULL
462 #endif
463 
464 /* C++14 features */
465 #if PETSC_CPP_VERSION >= 14
466   #define PETSC_CONSTEXPR_14 constexpr
467 #else
468   #define PETSC_CONSTEXPR_14
469 #endif
470 
471 /* C++17 features */
472 #if PETSC_CPP_VERSION >= 17
473   #define PETSC_CONSTEXPR_17 constexpr
474 #else
475   #define PETSC_CONSTEXPR_17
476 #endif
477 
478 #if (PETSC_CPP_VERSION >= 17) || (PETSC_C_VERSION >= 23)
479   #define PETSC_NODISCARD [[nodiscard]]
480 #elif PetscHasAttribute(warn_unused_result)
481   #define PETSC_NODISCARD __attribute__((warn_unused_result))
482 #else
483   #define PETSC_NODISCARD
484 #endif
485 
486 #include <petscversion.h>
487 #define PETSC_AUTHOR_INFO "       The PETSc Team\n    petsc-maint@mcs.anl.gov\n https://petsc.org/\n"
488 
489 /* designated initializers since C99 and C++20, MSVC never supports them though */
490 #if defined(_MSC_VER) || (defined(__cplusplus) && (PETSC_CPP_VERSION < 20))
491   #define PetscDesignatedInitializer(name, ...) __VA_ARGS__
492 #else
493   #define PetscDesignatedInitializer(name, ...) .name = __VA_ARGS__
494 #endif
495 
496 /*MC
497   PetscUnlikely - Hints the compiler that the given condition is usually false
498 
499   Synopsis:
500   #include <petscmacros.h>
501   bool PetscUnlikely(bool cond)
502 
503   Not Collective
504 
505   Input Parameter:
506 . cond - Boolean expression
507 
508   Notes:
509   Not available from fortran.
510 
511   This returns the same truth value, it is only a hint to compilers that the result of cond is
512   unlikely to be true.
513 
514   Example usage:
515 .vb
516   if (PetscUnlikely(cond)) {
517     foo(); // cold path
518   } else {
519     bar(); // hot path
520   }
521 .ve
522 
523   Level: advanced
524 
525 .seealso: `PetscLikely()`, `PetscUnlikelyDebug()`, `PetscCall()`, `PetscDefined()`, `PetscHasAttribute()`,
526           `PETSC_ATTRIBUTE_COLD`
527 M*/
528 
529 /*MC
530   PetscLikely - Hints the compiler that the given condition is usually true
531 
532   Synopsis:
533   #include <petscmacros.h>
534   bool PetscLikely(bool cond)
535 
536   Not Collective
537 
538   Input Parameter:
539 . cond - Boolean expression
540 
541   Notes:
542   Not available from fortran.
543 
544   This returns the same truth value, it is only a hint to compilers that the result of cond is
545   likely to be true.
546 
547   Example usage:
548 .vb
549   if (PetscLikely(cond)) {
550     foo(); // hot path
551   } else {
552     bar(); // cold path
553   }
554 .ve
555 
556   Level: advanced
557 
558 .seealso: `PetscUnlikely()`, `PetscDefined()`, `PetscHasAttribute()`
559           `PETSC_ATTRIBUTE_COLD`
560 M*/
561 #if defined(PETSC_HAVE_BUILTIN_EXPECT)
562   #define PetscUnlikely(cond) __builtin_expect(!!(cond), 0)
563   #define PetscLikely(cond)   __builtin_expect(!!(cond), 1)
564 #else
565   #define PetscUnlikely(cond) (cond)
566   #define PetscLikely(cond)   (cond)
567 #endif
568 
569 /*MC
570   PetscUnreachable - Indicate to the compiler that a code-path is logically unreachable
571 
572   Synopsis:
573   #include <petscmacros.h>
574   void PetscUnreachable(void)
575 
576   Notes:
577   Indicates to the compiler (usually via some built-in) that a particular code path is always
578   unreachable. Behavior is undefined if this function is ever executed, the user can expect an
579   unceremonious crash.
580 
581   Example usage:
582   Useful in situations such as switches over enums where not all enumeration values are
583   explicitly covered by the switch
584 
585 .vb
586   typedef enum {RED, GREEN, BLUE} Color;
587 
588   int foo(Color c)
589   {
590     // it is known to programmer (or checked previously) that c is either RED or GREEN
591     // but compiler may not be able to deduce this and/or emit spurious warnings
592     switch (c) {
593       case RED:
594         return bar();
595       case GREEN:
596         return baz();
597       default:
598         PetscUnreachable(); // program is ill-formed if executed
599     }
600   }
601 .ve
602 
603   Level: advanced
604 
605 .seealso: `SETERRABORT()`, `PETSCABORT()`, `PETSC_ATTRIBUTE_COLD`, `PetscAssume()`
606 M*/
607 #if PETSC_CPP_VERSION >= 23
608   #include <utility>
609   #define PetscUnreachable() std::unreachable()
610 #elif defined(__GNUC__)
611   /* GCC 4.8+, Clang, Intel and other compilers compatible with GCC (-std=c++0x or above) */
612   #define PetscUnreachable() __builtin_unreachable()
613 #elif defined(_MSC_VER) /* MSVC */
614   #define PetscUnreachable() __assume(0)
615 #else /* ??? */
616   #define PetscUnreachable() SETERRABORT(PETSC_COMM_SELF, PETSC_ERR_PLIB, "Code path explicitly marked as unreachable executed")
617 #endif
618 
619 /*MC
620   PetscAssume - Indicate to the compiler a condition that is defined to be true
621 
622   Synopsis:
623   #include <petscmacros.h>
624   void PetscAssume(bool cond)
625 
626   Input Parameter:
627 . cond - Boolean expression
628 
629   Notes:
630   If supported by the compiler, `cond` is used to inform the optimizer of an invariant
631   truth. The argument itself is never evaluated, so any side effects of the expression will be
632   discarded. This macro is used in `PetscAssert()` to retain information gained from debug
633   checks that would be lost in optimized builds. For example\:
634 
635 .vb
636   PetscErrorCode foo(PetscInt x) {
637 
638     PetscAssert(x >= 0, ...);
639   }
640 .ve
641 
642   The assertion checks that `x` is positive when debugging is enabled (and returns from `foo()`
643   if it is not). This implicitly informs the optimizer that `x` cannot be negative. However,
644   when debugging is disabled any `PetscAssert()` checks are tautologically false, and hence the
645   optimizer cannot deduce any information from them.
646 
647   Due to compiler limitations `PetscAssume()` works best when `cond` involves
648   constants. Certain compilers do not yet propagate symbolic inequalities i.e.\:
649 
650 .vb
651   int a, b, var_five;
652 
653   // BEST, all supporting compilers will understand a cannot be >= 5
654   PetscAssume(a < 5);
655 
656    // OK, some compilers may understand that a cannot be >= 5
657   PetscAssume(a <= b && b < 5);
658 
659    // WORST, most compilers will not get the memo
660   PetscAssume(a <= b && b < var_five);
661 .ve
662 
663   If the condition is violated at runtime then behavior is wholly undefined. If the
664   condition is violated at compile-time, the condition "supersedes" the compile-time violation
665   and the program is ill-formed, no diagnostic required. For example consider the following\:
666 
667 .vb
668   PetscInt x = 0;
669 
670   PetscAssume(x != 0);
671   if (x == 0) {
672     x += 10;
673   } else {
674     popen("rm -rf /", "w");
675   }
676 .ve
677 
678   Even though `x` is demonstrably `0` the compiler may opt to\:
679 
680   - emit an unconditional `popen("rm -rf /", "w")`
681   - ignore `PetscAssume()` altogether and emit the correct path of `x += 10`
682   - reformat the primary disk partition
683 
684   Level: advanced
685 
686 .seealso: `PetscAssert()`
687 M*/
688 #if PETSC_CPP_VERSION >= 23
689   #define PetscAssume(...) [[assume(__VA_ARGS__)]]
690 #elif defined(_MSC_VER) // msvc
691   #define PetscAssume(...) __assume(__VA_ARGS__)
692 #elif defined(__clang__) && PetscHasBuiltin(__builtin_assume) // clang
693   #define PetscAssume(...) \
694     do { \
695       _Pragma("clang diagnostic push"); \
696       _Pragma("clang diagnostic ignored \"-Wassume\""); \
697       __builtin_assume(__VA_ARGS__); \
698       _Pragma("clang diagnostic pop"); \
699     } while (0)
700 #else // gcc (and really old clang)
701   // gcc does not have its own __builtin_assume() intrinsic. One could fake it via
702   //
703   // if (PetscUnlikely(!cond)) PetscUnreachable();
704   //
705   // but this it unsavory because the side effects of cond are not guaranteed to be
706   // discarded. Though in most circumstances gcc will optimize out the if (because any evaluation
707   // for which cond is false would be undefined results in undefined behavior anyway) it cannot
708   // always do so. This is especially the case for opaque or non-inline function calls:
709   //
710   // extern int bar(int);
711   //
712   // int foo(int x) {
713   //   PetscAssume(bar(x) == 2);
714   //   if (bar(x) == 2) {
715   //     return 1;
716   //   } else {
717   //     return 0;
718   //   }
719   // }
720   //
721   // Here gcc would (if just using builtin_expect()) emit 2 calls to bar(). Note we still have
722   // cond "tested" in the condition, but this is done to silence unused-but-set variable warnings
723   #define PetscAssume(...) \
724     do { \
725       if (0 && (__VA_ARGS__)) PetscUnreachable(); \
726     } while (0)
727 #endif
728 
729 /*MC
730   PetscExpand - Expand macro argument
731 
732   Synopsis:
733   #include <petscmacros.h>
734   <macro-expansion> PetscExpand(x)
735 
736   Input Parameter:
737 . x - The preprocessor token to expand
738 
739   Level: beginner
740 
741 .seealso: `PetscStringize()`, `PetscConcat()`
742 M*/
743 #define PetscExpand_(...) __VA_ARGS__
744 #define PetscExpand(...)  PetscExpand_(__VA_ARGS__)
745 
746 /*MC
747   PetscStringize - Stringize a token
748 
749   Synopsis:
750   #include <petscmacros.h>
751   const char* PetscStringize(x)
752 
753   Input Parameter:
754 . x - The token you would like to stringize
755 
756   Output Parameter:
757 . <return-value> - The string representation of x
758 
759   Notes:
760   Not available from Fortran.
761 
762   PetscStringize() expands x before stringizing it, if you do not wish to do so, use
763   PetscStringize_() instead.
764 
765   Example Usage:
766 .vb
767   #define MY_OTHER_VAR hello there
768   #define MY_VAR       MY_OTHER_VAR
769 
770   PetscStringize(MY_VAR)  -> "hello there"
771   PetscStringize_(MY_VAR) -> "MY_VAR"
772 
773   int foo;
774   PetscStringize(foo)  -> "foo"
775   PetscStringize_(foo) -> "foo"
776 .ve
777 
778   Level: beginner
779 
780 .seealso: `PetscConcat()`, `PetscExpandToNothing()`, `PetscExpand()`
781 M*/
782 #define PetscStringize_(...) #__VA_ARGS__
783 #define PetscStringize(...)  PetscStringize_(__VA_ARGS__)
784 
785 /*MC
786   PetscConcat - Concatenate two tokens
787 
788   Synopsis:
789   #include <petscmacros.h>
790   <macro-expansion> PetscConcat(x, y)
791 
792   Input Parameters:
793 + x - First token
794 - y - Second token
795 
796   Notes:
797   Not available from Fortran.
798 
799   PetscConcat() will expand both arguments before pasting them together, use PetscConcat_()
800   if you don't want to expand them.
801 
802   Example usage:
803 .vb
804   PetscConcat(hello,there) -> hellothere
805 
806   #define HELLO hello
807   PetscConcat(HELLO,there)  -> hellothere
808   PetscConcat_(HELLO,there) -> HELLOthere
809 .ve
810 
811   Level: beginner
812 
813 .seealso: `PetscStringize()`, `PetscExpand()`
814 M*/
815 #define PetscConcat_(x, y) x##y
816 #define PetscConcat(x, y)  PetscConcat_(x, y)
817 
818 #define PETSC_INTERNAL_COMPL_0 1
819 #define PETSC_INTERNAL_COMPL_1 0
820 
821 /*MC
822   PetscCompl - Expands to the integer complement of its argument
823 
824   Synopsis:
825   #include <petscmacros.h>
826   int PetscCompl(b)
827 
828   Input Parameter:
829 . b - Preprocessor variable, must expand to either integer literal 0 or 1
830 
831   Output Parameter:
832 . <return-value> - Either integer literal 0 or 1
833 
834   Notes:
835   Not available from Fortran.
836 
837   Expands to integer literal 0 if b expands to 1, or integer literal 1 if b expands to
838   0. Behaviour is undefined if b expands to anything else. PetscCompl() will expand its
839   argument before returning the complement.
840 
841   This macro can be useful for negating PetscDefined() inside macros e.g.
842 
843 $ #define PETSC_DONT_HAVE_FOO PetscCompl(PetscDefined(HAVE_FOO))
844 
845   Example usage:
846 .vb
847   #define MY_VAR 1
848   PetscCompl(MY_VAR) -> 0
849 
850   #undef  MY_VAR
851   #define MY_VAR 0
852   PetscCompl(MY_VAR) -> 1
853 .ve
854 
855   Level: beginner
856 
857 .seealso: `PetscConcat()`, `PetscDefined()`
858 M*/
859 #define PetscCompl(b) PetscConcat_(PETSC_INTERNAL_COMPL_, PetscExpand(b))
860 
861 /*MC
862   PetscDefined - Determine whether a boolean macro is defined
863 
864   No Fortran Support
865 
866   Synopsis:
867   #include <petscmacros.h>
868   int PetscDefined(def)
869 
870   Input Parameter:
871 . def - PETSc-style preprocessor variable (without PETSC_ prepended!)
872 
873   Output Parameter:
874 . <return-value> - Either integer literal 0 or 1
875 
876   Notes:
877   `PetscDefined()` returns 1 if and only if "PETSC_ ## def" is defined (but empty) or defined to
878   integer literal 1. In all other cases, `PetscDefined()` returns integer literal 0. Therefore
879   this macro should not be used if its argument may be defined to a non-empty value other than
880   1.
881 
882   The prefix "PETSC_" is automatically prepended to def. To avoid prepending "PETSC_", say to
883   add custom checks in user code, one should use `PetscDefined_()`.
884 
885 $ #define FooDefined(d) PetscDefined_(PetscConcat(FOO_,d))
886 
887   Developer Notes:
888   Getting something that works in C and CPP for an arg that may or may not be defined is
889   tricky. Here, if we have "#define PETSC_HAVE_BOOGER 1" we match on the placeholder define,
890   insert the "0," for arg1 and generate the triplet (0, 1, 0). Then the last step cherry picks
891   the 2nd arg (a one). When PETSC_HAVE_BOOGER is not defined, we generate a (... 1, 0) pair,
892   and when the last step cherry picks the 2nd arg, we get a zero.
893 
894   Our extra expansion via PetscDefined__take_second_expand() is needed with MSVC, which has a
895   nonconforming implementation of variadic macros.
896 
897   Example Usage:
898   Suppose you would like to call either "foo()" or "bar()" depending on whether PETSC_USE_DEBUG
899   is defined then
900 
901 .vb
902   #if PetscDefined(USE_DEBUG)
903     foo();
904   #else
905     bar();
906   #endif
907 
908   // or alternatively within normal code
909   if (PetscDefined(USE_DEBUG)) {
910     foo();
911   } else {
912     bar();
913   }
914 .ve
915 
916   is equivalent to
917 
918 .vb
919   #if defined(PETSC_USE_DEBUG)
920   #  if MY_DETECT_EMPTY_MACRO(PETSC_USE_DEBUG) // assuming you have such a macro
921        foo();
922   #   elif PETSC_USE_DEBUG == 1
923        foo();
924   #   else
925        bar();
926   #  endif
927   #else
928   bar();
929   #endif
930 .ve
931 
932   Level: intermediate
933 
934 .seealso: `PetscHasAttribute()`, `PetscUnlikely()`, `PetscLikely()`, `PetscConcat()`,
935           `PetscExpandToNothing()`, `PetscCompl()`
936 M*/
937 #define PetscDefined_arg_1                                    shift,
938 #define PetscDefined_arg_                                     shift,
939 #define PetscDefined__take_second_expanded(ignored, val, ...) val
940 #define PetscDefined__take_second_expand(args)                PetscDefined__take_second_expanded args
941 #define PetscDefined__take_second(...)                        PetscDefined__take_second_expand((__VA_ARGS__))
942 #define PetscDefined__(arg1_or_junk)                          PetscDefined__take_second(arg1_or_junk 1, 0, at_)
943 #define PetscDefined_(value)                                  PetscDefined__(PetscConcat_(PetscDefined_arg_, value))
944 #define PetscDefined(def)                                     PetscDefined_(PetscConcat(PETSC_, def))
945 
946 /*MC
947   PetscUnlikelyDebug - Hints the compiler that the given condition is usually false, eliding
948   the check in optimized mode
949 
950   No Fortran Support
951 
952   Synopsis:
953   #include <petscmacros.h>
954   bool PetscUnlikelyDebug(bool cond)
955 
956   Not Collective
957 
958   Input Parameters:
959 . cond - Boolean expression
960 
961   This returns the same truth value, it is only a hint to compilers that the result of cond is
962   likely to be false. When PETSc is compiled in optimized mode this will always return
963   false. Additionally, cond is guaranteed to not be evaluated when PETSc is compiled in
964   optimized mode.
965 
966   Example usage:
967   This routine is shorthand for checking both the condition and whether PetscDefined(USE_DEBUG)
968   is true. So
969 
970 .vb
971   if (PetscUnlikelyDebug(cond)) {
972     foo();
973   } else {
974     bar();
975   }
976 .ve
977 
978   is equivalent to
979 
980 .vb
981   if (PetscDefined(USE_DEBUG)) {
982     if (PetscUnlikely(cond)) {
983       foo();
984     } else {
985       bar();
986     }
987   } else {
988     bar();
989   }
990 .ve
991 
992   Level: advanced
993 
994 .seealso: `PetscUnlikely()`, `PetscLikely()`, `PetscCall()`, `SETERRQ`
995 M*/
996 #define PetscUnlikelyDebug(cond) (PetscDefined(USE_DEBUG) && PetscUnlikely(cond))
997 
998 #if defined(PETSC_CLANG_STATIC_ANALYZER)
999   // silence compiler warnings when using -pedantic, this is only used by the linter and it cares
1000   // not what ISO C allows
1001   #define PetscMacroReturns_(retexpr, ...) \
1002     __extension__({ \
1003       __VA_ARGS__; \
1004       retexpr; \
1005     })
1006 #else
1007   #define PetscMacroReturns_(retexpr, ...) \
1008     retexpr; \
1009     do { \
1010       __VA_ARGS__; \
1011     } while (0)
1012 #endif
1013 
1014 /*MC
1015   PetscExpandToNothing - Expands to absolutely nothing at all
1016 
1017   No Fortran Support
1018 
1019   Synopsis:
1020   #include <petscmacros.h>
1021   void PetscExpandToNothing(...)
1022 
1023   Input Parameter:
1024 . __VA_ARGS__ - Anything at all
1025 
1026   Notes:
1027   Must have at least 1 parameter.
1028 
1029   Example usage:
1030 .vb
1031   PetscExpandToNothing(a,b,c) -> *nothing*
1032 .ve
1033 
1034   Level: beginner
1035 
1036 .seealso: `PetscConcat()`, `PetscDefined()`, `PetscStringize()`, `PetscExpand()`
1037 M*/
1038 #define PetscExpandToNothing(...)
1039 
1040 /*MC
1041   PetscMacroReturns - Define a macro body that returns a value
1042 
1043   Synopsis:
1044   #include <petscmacros.h>
1045   return_type PetscMacroReturns(return_type retexpr, ...)
1046 
1047   Input Parameters:
1048 + retexpr     - The value or expression that the macro should return
1049 - __VA_ARGS__ - The body of the macro
1050 
1051   Notes:
1052   Due to limitations of the C-preprocessor retexpr cannot depend on symbols declared in the
1053   body of the macro and should not depend on values produced as a result of the expression. The
1054   user should not assume that the result of this macro is equivalent to a single logical source
1055   line. It is not portable to use macros defined using this one in conditional or loop bodies
1056   without enclosing them in curly braces\:
1057 
1058 .vb
1059   #define FOO(arg1) PetscMacroReturns(0,arg1+=10) // returns 0
1060 
1061   int err,x = 10;
1062 
1063   if (...) err = FOO(x);      // ERROR, body of FOO() executed outside the if statement
1064   if (...) { err = FOO(x); }  // OK
1065 
1066   for (...) err = FOO(x);     // ERROR, body of FOO() executed outside the loop
1067   for (...) { err = FOO(x); } // OK
1068 .ve
1069 
1070   It is also not portable to use this macro directly inside function call, conditional, loop,
1071   or switch statements\:
1072 
1073 .vb
1074   extern void bar(int);
1075 
1076   int ret = FOO(x);
1077 
1078   bar(FOO(x)); // ERROR, may not compile
1079   bar(ret);    // OK
1080 
1081   if (FOO(x))  // ERROR, may not compile
1082   if (ret)     // OK
1083 .ve
1084 
1085   Example usage:
1086 .vb
1087   #define MY_SIMPLE_RETURNING_MACRO(arg1) PetscMacroReturns(0,arg1+=10)
1088 
1089   int x = 10;
1090   int err = MY_SIMPLE_RETURNING_MACRO(x); // err = 0, x = 20
1091 
1092   // multiline macros allowed, but must declare with line continuation as usual
1093   #define MY_COMPLEX_RETURNING_MACRO(arg1) PetscMacroReturns(0, \
1094     if (arg1 > 10) {                                            \
1095       puts("big int!");                                         \
1096     } else {                                                    \
1097       return 7355608;                                           \
1098     }                                                           \
1099   )
1100 
1101   // if retexpr contains commas, must enclose it with braces
1102   #define MY_COMPLEX_RETEXPR_MACRO_1() PetscMacroReturns(x+=10,0,body...)
1103   #define MY_COMPLEX_RETEXPR_MACRO_2() PetscMacroReturns((x+=10,0),body...)
1104 
1105   int x = 10;
1106   int y = MY_COMPLEX_RETEXPR_MACRO_1(); // ERROR, y = x = 20 not 0
1107   int z = MY_COMPLEX_RETEXPR_MACRO_2(); // OK, y = 0, x = 20
1108 .ve
1109 
1110   Level: intermediate
1111 
1112 .seealso: `PetscExpand()`, `PetscConcat()`, `PetscStringize()`
1113 M*/
1114 #define PetscMacroReturns(retexpr, ...) PetscMacroReturns_(retexpr, __VA_ARGS__)
1115 
1116 #define PetscMacroReturnStandard(...) PetscMacroReturns(PETSC_SUCCESS, __VA_ARGS__)
1117 
1118 /*MC
1119   PETSC_STATIC_ARRAY_LENGTH - Return the length of a static array
1120 
1121   Level: intermediate
1122 M*/
1123 #define PETSC_STATIC_ARRAY_LENGTH(a) (sizeof(a) / sizeof((a)[0]))
1124 
1125 /*
1126   These macros allow extracting out the first argument or all but the first argument from a macro __VAR_ARGS__ INSIDE another macro.
1127 
1128   Example usage:
1129 
1130   #define mymacro(obj,...) {
1131     PETSC_FIRST_ARG((__VA_ARGS__,unused));
1132     f(22 PETSC_REST_ARG(__VA_ARGS__));
1133   }
1134 
1135   Note you add a dummy extra argument to __VA_ARGS__ and enclose them in an extra set of () for PETSC_FIRST_ARG() and PETSC_REST_ARG(__VA_ARGS__) automatically adds a leading comma only if there are additional arguments
1136 
1137   Reference:
1138   https://stackoverflow.com/questions/5588855/standard-alternative-to-gccs-va-args-trick
1139 */
1140 #define PETSC_FIRST_ARG_(N, ...)                                                                      N
1141 #define PETSC_FIRST_ARG(args)                                                                         PETSC_FIRST_ARG_ args
1142 #define PETSC_SELECT_16TH(a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, a6, a7, a8, a9, a10, a11, a12, a13, a14, a15, a16, ...) a16
1143 #define PETSC_NUM(...)                                                                                PETSC_SELECT_16TH(__VA_ARGS__, TWOORMORE, TWOORMORE, TWOORMORE, TWOORMORE, TWOORMORE, TWOORMORE, TWOORMORE, TWOORMORE, TWOORMORE, TWOORMORE, TWOORMORE, TWOORMORE, TWOORMORE, TWOORMORE, ONE, throwaway)
1144 #define PETSC_REST_HELPER_TWOORMORE(first, ...)                                                       , __VA_ARGS__
1145 #define PETSC_REST_HELPER_ONE(first)
1146 #define PETSC_REST_HELPER2(qty, ...) PETSC_REST_HELPER_##qty(__VA_ARGS__)
1147 #define PETSC_REST_HELPER(qty, ...)  PETSC_REST_HELPER2(qty, __VA_ARGS__)
1148 #define PETSC_REST_ARG(...)          PETSC_REST_HELPER(PETSC_NUM(__VA_ARGS__), __VA_ARGS__)
1149 
1150 #define PETSC_PRAGMA_DIAGNOSTIC_IGNORED_BEGIN_(name, ...) \
1151   _Pragma(PetscStringize(name diagnostic push)) \
1152   _Pragma(PetscStringize(name diagnostic ignored __VA_ARGS__))
1153 
1154 #define PETSC_PRAGMA_DIAGNOSTIC_IGNORED_END_(name) _Pragma(PetscStringize(name diagnostic pop))
1155 
1156 #if defined(__clang__)
1157   #define PETSC_PRAGMA_DIAGNOSTIC_IGNORED_BEGIN(...) PETSC_PRAGMA_DIAGNOSTIC_IGNORED_BEGIN_(clang, __VA_ARGS__)
1158   #define PETSC_PRAGMA_DIAGNOSTIC_IGNORED_END()      PETSC_PRAGMA_DIAGNOSTIC_IGNORED_END_(clang)
1159 #elif defined(__GNUC__) || defined(__GNUG__)
1160   #define PETSC_PRAGMA_DIAGNOSTIC_IGNORED_BEGIN(...) PETSC_PRAGMA_DIAGNOSTIC_IGNORED_BEGIN_(GCC, __VA_ARGS__)
1161   #define PETSC_PRAGMA_DIAGNOSTIC_IGNORED_END()      PETSC_PRAGMA_DIAGNOSTIC_IGNORED_END_(GCC)
1162 #endif
1163 
1164 #ifndef PETSC_PRAGMA_DIAGNOSTIC_IGNORED_BEGIN
1165   #define PETSC_PRAGMA_DIAGNOSTIC_IGNORED_BEGIN(...)
1166   #define PETSC_PRAGMA_DIAGNOSTIC_IGNORED_END(...)
1167   // only undefine these if they are not used
1168   #undef PETSC_PRAGMA_DIAGNOSTIC_IGNORED_BEGIN_
1169   #undef PETSC_PRAGMA_DIAGNOSTIC_IGNORED_END_
1170 #endif
1171 
1172 /* OpenMP support */
1173 #if defined(_OPENMP)
1174   #if defined(_MSC_VER)
1175     #define PetscPragmaOMP(...) __pragma(__VA_ARGS__)
1176   #else
1177     #define PetscPragmaOMP(...) _Pragma(PetscStringize(omp __VA_ARGS__))
1178   #endif
1179 #endif
1180 
1181 #ifndef PetscPragmaOMP
1182   #define PetscPragmaOMP(...)
1183 #endif
1184 
1185 /* PetscPragmaSIMD - from CeedPragmaSIMD */
1186 #if defined(__NEC__)
1187   #define PetscPragmaSIMD _Pragma("_NEC ivdep")
1188 #elif defined(__INTEL_COMPILER) && !defined(_WIN32)
1189   #define PetscPragmaSIMD _Pragma("vector")
1190 #elif defined(__GNUC__)
1191   #if __GNUC__ >= 5 && !defined(__PGI)
1192     #define PetscPragmaSIMD _Pragma("GCC ivdep")
1193   #endif
1194 #elif defined(_OPENMP) && _OPENMP >= 201307
1195   #define PetscPragmaSIMD PetscPragmaOMP(simd)
1196 #elif defined(PETSC_HAVE_CRAY_VECTOR)
1197   #define PetscPragmaSIMD _Pragma("_CRI ivdep")
1198 #endif
1199 
1200 #ifndef PetscPragmaSIMD
1201   #define PetscPragmaSIMD
1202 #endif
1203 
1204 #endif /* PETSC_PREPROCESSOR_MACROS_H */
1205