xref: /petsc/src/dm/dt/interface/dtprob.c (revision 89669be4d29968dc8d4c19ce1b69194a6a561ea4)
1 #include <petscdt.h> /*I "petscdt.h" I*/
2 
3 #include <petscvec.h>
4 #include <petscdraw.h>
5 #include <petsc/private/petscimpl.h>
6 
7 const char * const DTProbDensityTypes[] = {"constant", "gaussian", "maxwell_boltzmann", "DTProb Density", "DTPROB_DENSITY_", NULL};
8 
9 /*@
10   PetscPDFMaxwellBoltzmann1D - PDF for the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution in 1D
11 
12   Not collective
13 
14   Input Parameter:
15 . x - Speed in [0, \infty]
16 
17   Output Parameter:
18 . p - The probability density at x
19 
20   Level: beginner
21 
22 .seealso: `PetscCDFMaxwellBoltzmann1D`
23 @*/
24 PetscErrorCode PetscPDFMaxwellBoltzmann1D(const PetscReal x[], const PetscReal dummy[], PetscReal p[])
25 {
26   p[0] = PetscSqrtReal(2. / PETSC_PI) * PetscExpReal(-0.5 * PetscSqr(x[0]));
27   return 0;
28 }
29 
30 /*@
31   PetscCDFMaxwellBoltzmann1D - CDF for the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution in 1D
32 
33   Not collective
34 
35   Input Parameter:
36 . x - Speed in [0, \infty]
37 
38   Output Parameter:
39 . p - The probability density at x
40 
41   Level: beginner
42 
43 .seealso: `PetscPDFMaxwellBoltzmann1D`
44 @*/
45 PetscErrorCode PetscCDFMaxwellBoltzmann1D(const PetscReal x[], const PetscReal dummy[], PetscReal p[])
46 {
47   p[0] = PetscErfReal(x[0] / PETSC_SQRT2);
48   return 0;
49 }
50 
51 /*@
52   PetscPDFMaxwellBoltzmann2D - PDF for the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution in 2D
53 
54   Not collective
55 
56   Input Parameter:
57 . x - Speed in [0, \infty]
58 
59   Output Parameter:
60 . p - The probability density at x
61 
62   Level: beginner
63 
64 .seealso: `PetscCDFMaxwellBoltzmann2D`
65 @*/
66 PetscErrorCode PetscPDFMaxwellBoltzmann2D(const PetscReal x[], const PetscReal dummy[], PetscReal p[])
67 {
68   p[0] = x[0] * PetscExpReal(-0.5 * PetscSqr(x[0]));
69   return 0;
70 }
71 
72 /*@
73   PetscCDFMaxwellBoltzmann2D - CDF for the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution in 2D
74 
75   Not collective
76 
77   Input Parameter:
78 . x - Speed in [0, \infty]
79 
80   Output Parameter:
81 . p - The probability density at x
82 
83   Level: beginner
84 
85 .seealso: `PetscPDFMaxwellBoltzmann2D`
86 @*/
87 PetscErrorCode PetscCDFMaxwellBoltzmann2D(const PetscReal x[], const PetscReal dummy[], PetscReal p[])
88 {
89   p[0] = 1. - PetscExpReal(-0.5 * PetscSqr(x[0]));
90   return 0;
91 }
92 
93 /*@
94   PetscPDFMaxwellBoltzmann3D - PDF for the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution in 3D
95 
96   Not collective
97 
98   Input Parameter:
99 . x - Speed in [0, \infty]
100 
101   Output Parameter:
102 . p - The probability density at x
103 
104   Level: beginner
105 
106 .seealso: `PetscCDFMaxwellBoltzmann3D`
107 @*/
108 PetscErrorCode PetscPDFMaxwellBoltzmann3D(const PetscReal x[], const PetscReal dummy[], PetscReal p[])
109 {
110   p[0] = PetscSqrtReal(2. / PETSC_PI) * PetscSqr(x[0]) * PetscExpReal(-0.5 * PetscSqr(x[0]));
111   return 0;
112 }
113 
114 /*@
115   PetscCDFMaxwellBoltzmann3D - CDF for the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution in 3D
116 
117   Not collective
118 
119   Input Parameter:
120 . x - Speed in [0, \infty]
121 
122   Output Parameter:
123 . p - The probability density at x
124 
125   Level: beginner
126 
127 .seealso: `PetscPDFMaxwellBoltzmann3D`
128 @*/
129 PetscErrorCode PetscCDFMaxwellBoltzmann3D(const PetscReal x[], const PetscReal dummy[], PetscReal p[])
130 {
131   p[0] = PetscErfReal(x[0] / PETSC_SQRT2) - PetscSqrtReal(2. / PETSC_PI) * x[0] * PetscExpReal(-0.5 * PetscSqr(x[0]));
132   return 0;
133 }
134 
135 /*@
136   PetscPDFGaussian1D - PDF for the Gaussian distribution in 1D
137 
138   Not collective
139 
140   Input Parameter:
141 . x - Coordinate in [-\infty, \infty]
142 
143   Output Parameter:
144 . p - The probability density at x
145 
146   Level: beginner
147 
148 .seealso: `PetscPDFMaxwellBoltzmann3D`
149 @*/
150 PetscErrorCode PetscPDFGaussian1D(const PetscReal x[], const PetscReal scale[], PetscReal p[])
151 {
152   const PetscReal sigma = scale ? scale[0] : 1.;
153   p[0] = PetscSqrtReal(1. / (2.*PETSC_PI)) * PetscExpReal(-0.5 * PetscSqr(x[0] / sigma)) / sigma;
154   return 0;
155 }
156 
157 PetscErrorCode PetscCDFGaussian1D(const PetscReal x[], const PetscReal scale[], PetscReal p[])
158 {
159   const PetscReal sigma = scale ? scale[0] : 1.;
160   p[0] = 0.5 * (1. + PetscErfReal(x[0] / PETSC_SQRT2 / sigma));
161   return 0;
162 }
163 
164 /*@
165   PetscPDFSampleGaussian1D - Sample uniformly from a Gaussian distribution in 1D
166 
167   Not collective
168 
169   Input Parameters:
170 + p - A uniform variable on [0, 1]
171 - dummy - ignored
172 
173   Output Parameter:
174 . x - Coordinate in [-\infty, \infty]
175 
176   Level: beginner
177 
178   Note: http://www.mimirgames.com/articles/programming/approximations-of-the-inverse-error-function/
179   https://stackoverflow.com/questions/27229371/inverse-error-function-in-c
180 @*/
181 PetscErrorCode PetscPDFSampleGaussian1D(const PetscReal p[], const PetscReal dummy[], PetscReal x[])
182 {
183   const PetscReal q = 2*p[0] - 1.;
184   const PetscInt  maxIter = 100;
185   PetscReal       ck[100], r = 0.;
186   PetscInt        k, m;
187 
188   PetscFunctionBeginHot;
189   /* Transform input to [-1, 1] since the code below computes the inverse error function */
190   for (k = 0; k < maxIter; ++k) ck[k] = 0.;
191   ck[0] = 1;
192   r = ck[0]* (PetscSqrtReal(PETSC_PI) / 2.) * q;
193   for (k = 1; k < maxIter; ++k) {
194     const PetscReal temp = 2.*k + 1.;
195 
196     for (m = 0; m <= k-1; ++m) {
197       PetscReal denom = (m + 1.)*(2.*m + 1.);
198 
199       ck[k] += (ck[m]*ck[k-1-m])/denom;
200     }
201     r += (ck[k]/temp) * PetscPowReal((PetscSqrtReal(PETSC_PI)/2.) * q, 2.*k+1.);
202   }
203   /* Scale erfinv() by \sqrt{\pi/2} */
204   x[0] = PetscSqrtReal(PETSC_PI * 0.5) * r;
205   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
206 }
207 
208 /*@
209   PetscPDFGaussian2D - PDF for the Gaussian distribution in 2D
210 
211   Not collective
212 
213   Input Parameters:
214 + x - Coordinate in [-\infty, \infty]^2
215 - dummy - ignored
216 
217   Output Parameter:
218 . p - The probability density at x
219 
220   Level: beginner
221 
222 .seealso: `PetscPDFSampleGaussian2D()`, `PetscPDFMaxwellBoltzmann3D()`
223 @*/
224 PetscErrorCode PetscPDFGaussian2D(const PetscReal x[], const PetscReal dummy[], PetscReal p[])
225 {
226   p[0] = (1. / PETSC_PI) * PetscExpReal(-0.5 * (PetscSqr(x[0]) + PetscSqr(x[1])));
227   return 0;
228 }
229 
230 /*@
231   PetscPDFSampleGaussian2D - Sample uniformly from a Gaussian distribution in 2D
232 
233   Not collective
234 
235   Input Parameters:
236 + p - A uniform variable on [0, 1]^2
237 - dummy - ignored
238 
239   Output Parameter:
240 . x - Coordinate in [-\infty, \infty]^2
241 
242   Level: beginner
243 
244   Note: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Box%E2%80%93Muller_transform
245 
246 .seealso: `PetscPDFGaussian2D()`, `PetscPDFMaxwellBoltzmann3D()`
247 @*/
248 PetscErrorCode PetscPDFSampleGaussian2D(const PetscReal p[], const PetscReal dummy[], PetscReal x[])
249 {
250   const PetscReal mag = PetscSqrtReal(-2.0 * PetscLogReal(p[0]));
251   x[0] = mag * PetscCosReal(2.0 * PETSC_PI * p[1]);
252   x[1] = mag * PetscSinReal(2.0 * PETSC_PI * p[1]);
253   return 0;
254 }
255 
256 /*@
257   PetscPDFGaussian3D - PDF for the Gaussian distribution in 3D
258 
259   Not collective
260 
261   Input Parameters:
262 + x - Coordinate in [-\infty, \infty]^3
263 - dummy - ignored
264 
265   Output Parameter:
266 . p - The probability density at x
267 
268   Level: beginner
269 
270 .seealso: `PetscPDFSampleGaussian3D()`, `PetscPDFMaxwellBoltzmann3D()`
271 @*/
272 PetscErrorCode PetscPDFGaussian3D(const PetscReal x[], const PetscReal dummy[], PetscReal p[])
273 {
274   p[0] = (1. / PETSC_PI*PetscSqrtReal(PETSC_PI)) * PetscExpReal(-0.5 * (PetscSqr(x[0]) + PetscSqr(x[1]) + PetscSqr(x[2])));
275   return 0;
276 }
277 
278 /*@
279   PetscPDFSampleGaussian3D - Sample uniformly from a Gaussian distribution in 3D
280 
281   Not collective
282 
283   Input Parameters:
284 + p - A uniform variable on [0, 1]^3
285 - dummy - ignored
286 
287   Output Parameter:
288 . x - Coordinate in [-\infty, \infty]^3
289 
290   Level: beginner
291 
292   Note: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Box%E2%80%93Muller_transform
293 
294 .seealso: `PetscPDFGaussian3D()`, `PetscPDFMaxwellBoltzmann3D()`
295 @*/
296 PetscErrorCode PetscPDFSampleGaussian3D(const PetscReal p[], const PetscReal dummy[], PetscReal x[])
297 {
298   PetscCall(PetscPDFSampleGaussian1D(p, dummy, x));
299   PetscCall(PetscPDFSampleGaussian2D(&p[1], dummy, &x[1]));
300   return 0;
301 }
302 
303 /*@
304   PetscPDFConstant1D - PDF for the uniform distribution in 1D
305 
306   Not collective
307 
308   Input Parameter:
309 . x - Coordinate in [-1, 1]
310 
311   Output Parameter:
312 . p - The probability density at x
313 
314   Level: beginner
315 
316 .seealso: `PetscCDFConstant1D()`, `PetscPDFSampleConstant1D()`, `PetscPDFConstant2D()`, `PetscPDFConstant3D()`
317 @*/
318 PetscErrorCode PetscPDFConstant1D(const PetscReal x[], const PetscReal dummy[], PetscReal p[])
319 {
320   p[0] = x[0] > -1. && x[0] <= 1. ? 0.5 : 0.;
321   return 0;
322 }
323 
324 /*@
325   PetscCDFConstant1D - CDF for the uniform distribution in 1D
326 
327   Not collective
328 
329   Input Parameter:
330 . x - Coordinate in [-1, 1]
331 
332   Output Parameter:
333 . p - The cumulative probability at x
334 
335   Level: beginner
336 
337 .seealso: `PetscPDFConstant1D()`, `PetscPDFSampleConstant1D()`, `PetscCDFConstant2D()`, `PetscCDFConstant3D()`
338 @*/
339 PetscErrorCode PetscCDFConstant1D(const PetscReal x[], const PetscReal dummy[], PetscReal p[])
340 {
341   p[0] = x[0] <= -1. ? 0. : (x[0] > 1. ? 1. : 0.5*(x[0] + 1.));
342   return 0;
343 }
344 
345 /*@
346   PetscPDFSampleConstant1D - Sample uniformly from a uniform distribution on [-1, 1] in 1D
347 
348   Not collective
349 
350   Input Parameter:
351 . p - A uniform variable on [0, 1]
352 
353   Output Parameter:
354 . x - Coordinate in [-1, 1]
355 
356   Level: beginner
357 
358 .seealso: `PetscPDFConstant1D()`, `PetscCDFConstant1D()`, `PetscPDFSampleConstant2D()`, `PetscPDFSampleConstant3D()`
359 @*/
360 PetscErrorCode PetscPDFSampleConstant1D(const PetscReal p[], const PetscReal dummy[], PetscReal x[])
361 {
362   x[0] = 2.*p[0] - 1.;
363   return 0;
364 }
365 
366 /*@
367   PetscPDFConstant2D - PDF for the uniform distribution in 2D
368 
369   Not collective
370 
371   Input Parameter:
372 . x - Coordinate in [-1, 1] x [-1, 1]
373 
374   Output Parameter:
375 . p - The probability density at x
376 
377   Level: beginner
378 
379 .seealso: `PetscCDFConstant2D()`, `PetscPDFSampleConstant2D()`, `PetscPDFConstant1D()`, `PetscPDFConstant3D()`
380 @*/
381 PetscErrorCode PetscPDFConstant2D(const PetscReal x[], const PetscReal dummy[], PetscReal p[])
382 {
383   p[0] = x[0] > -1. && x[0] <= 1. && x[1] > -1. && x[1] <= 1. ? 0.25 : 0.;
384   return 0;
385 }
386 
387 /*@
388   PetscCDFConstant2D - CDF for the uniform distribution in 2D
389 
390   Not collective
391 
392   Input Parameter:
393 . x - Coordinate in [-1, 1] x [-1, 1]
394 
395   Output Parameter:
396 . p - The cumulative probability at x
397 
398   Level: beginner
399 
400 .seealso: `PetscPDFConstant2D()`, `PetscPDFSampleConstant2D()`, `PetscCDFConstant1D()`, `PetscCDFConstant3D()`
401 @*/
402 PetscErrorCode PetscCDFConstant2D(const PetscReal x[], const PetscReal dummy[], PetscReal p[])
403 {
404   p[0] = x[0] <= -1. || x[1] <= -1. ? 0. : (x[0] > 1. ? 1. : 0.5*(x[0] + 1.))*(x[1] > 1. ? 1. : 0.5*(x[1] + 1.));
405   return 0;
406 }
407 
408 /*@
409   PetscPDFSampleConstant2D - Sample uniformly from a uniform distribution on [-1, 1] x [-1, 1] in 2D
410 
411   Not collective
412 
413   Input Parameter:
414 . p - Two uniform variables on [0, 1]
415 
416   Output Parameter:
417 . x - Coordinate in [-1, 1] x [-1, 1]
418 
419   Level: beginner
420 
421 .seealso: `PetscPDFConstant2D()`, `PetscCDFConstant2D()`, `PetscPDFSampleConstant1D()`, `PetscPDFSampleConstant3D()`
422 @*/
423 PetscErrorCode PetscPDFSampleConstant2D(const PetscReal p[], const PetscReal dummy[], PetscReal x[])
424 {
425   x[0] = 2.*p[0] - 1.;
426   x[1] = 2.*p[1] - 1.;
427   return 0;
428 }
429 
430 /*@
431   PetscPDFConstant3D - PDF for the uniform distribution in 3D
432 
433   Not collective
434 
435   Input Parameter:
436 . x - Coordinate in [-1, 1] x [-1, 1] x [-1, 1]
437 
438   Output Parameter:
439 . p - The probability density at x
440 
441   Level: beginner
442 
443 .seealso: `PetscCDFConstant3D()`, `PetscPDFSampleConstant3D()`, `PetscPDFSampleConstant1D()`, `PetscPDFSampleConstant2D()`
444 @*/
445 PetscErrorCode PetscPDFConstant3D(const PetscReal x[], const PetscReal dummy[], PetscReal p[])
446 {
447   p[0] = x[0] > -1. && x[0] <= 1. && x[1] > -1. && x[1] <= 1. && x[2] > -1. && x[2] <= 1. ? 0.125 : 0.;
448   return 0;
449 }
450 
451 /*@
452   PetscCDFConstant3D - CDF for the uniform distribution in 3D
453 
454   Not collective
455 
456   Input Parameter:
457 . x - Coordinate in [-1, 1] x [-1, 1] x [-1, 1]
458 
459   Output Parameter:
460 . p - The cumulative probability at x
461 
462   Level: beginner
463 
464 .seealso: `PetscPDFConstant3D()`, `PetscPDFSampleConstant3D()`, `PetscCDFConstant1D()`, `PetscCDFConstant2D()`
465 @*/
466 PetscErrorCode PetscCDFConstant3D(const PetscReal x[], const PetscReal dummy[], PetscReal p[])
467 {
468   p[0] = x[0] <= -1. || x[1] <= -1. || x[2] <= -1. ? 0. : (x[0] > 1. ? 1. : 0.5*(x[0] + 1.))*(x[1] > 1. ? 1. : 0.5*(x[1] + 1.))*(x[2] > 1. ? 1. : 0.5*(x[2] + 1.));
469   return 0;
470 }
471 
472 /*@
473   PetscPDFSampleConstant3D - Sample uniformly from a uniform distribution on [-1, 1] x [-1, 1] in 3D
474 
475   Not collective
476 
477   Input Parameter:
478 . p - Three uniform variables on [0, 1]
479 
480   Output Parameter:
481 . x - Coordinate in [-1, 1] x [-1, 1] x [-1, 1]
482 
483   Level: beginner
484 
485 .seealso: `PetscPDFConstant3D()`, `PetscCDFConstant3D()`, `PetscPDFSampleConstant1D()`, `PetscPDFSampleConstant2D()`
486 @*/
487 PetscErrorCode PetscPDFSampleConstant3D(const PetscReal p[], const PetscReal dummy[], PetscReal x[])
488 {
489   x[0] = 2.*p[0] - 1.;
490   x[1] = 2.*p[1] - 1.;
491   x[2] = 2.*p[2] - 1.;
492   return 0;
493 }
494 
495 /*@C
496   PetscProbCreateFromOptions - Return the probability distribution specified by the argumetns and options
497 
498   Not collective
499 
500   Input Parameters:
501 + dim    - The dimension of sample points
502 . prefix - The options prefix, or NULL
503 - name   - The option name for the probility distribution type
504 
505   Output Parameters:
506 + pdf - The PDF of this type
507 . cdf - The CDF of this type
508 - sampler - The PDF sampler of this type
509 
510   Level: intermediate
511 
512 .seealso: `PetscPDFMaxwellBoltzmann1D()`, `PetscPDFGaussian1D()`, `PetscPDFConstant1D()`
513 @*/
514 PetscErrorCode PetscProbCreateFromOptions(PetscInt dim, const char prefix[], const char name[], PetscProbFunc *pdf, PetscProbFunc *cdf, PetscProbFunc *sampler)
515 {
516   DTProbDensityType den = DTPROB_DENSITY_GAUSSIAN;
517 
518   PetscFunctionBegin;
519   PetscOptionsBegin(PETSC_COMM_SELF, prefix, "PetscProb Options", "DT");
520   PetscCall(PetscOptionsEnum(name, "Method to compute PDF <constant, gaussian>", "", DTProbDensityTypes, (PetscEnum) den, (PetscEnum *) &den, NULL));
521   PetscOptionsEnd();
522 
523   if (pdf) {PetscValidPointer(pdf, 4); *pdf = NULL;}
524   if (cdf) {PetscValidPointer(cdf, 5); *cdf = NULL;}
525   if (sampler) {PetscValidPointer(sampler, 6); *sampler = NULL;}
526   switch (den) {
527     case DTPROB_DENSITY_CONSTANT:
528       switch (dim) {
529         case 1:
530           if (pdf) *pdf = PetscPDFConstant1D;
531           if (cdf) *cdf = PetscCDFConstant1D;
532           if (sampler) *sampler = PetscPDFSampleConstant1D;
533           break;
534         case 2:
535           if (pdf) *pdf = PetscPDFConstant2D;
536           if (cdf) *cdf = PetscCDFConstant2D;
537           if (sampler) *sampler = PetscPDFSampleConstant2D;
538           break;
539         case 3:
540           if (pdf) *pdf = PetscPDFConstant3D;
541           if (cdf) *cdf = PetscCDFConstant3D;
542           if (sampler) *sampler = PetscPDFSampleConstant3D;
543           break;
544         default: SETERRQ(PETSC_COMM_SELF, PETSC_ERR_ARG_OUTOFRANGE, "Dimension %" PetscInt_FMT " not supported for density type %s", dim, DTProbDensityTypes[den]);
545       }
546       break;
547     case DTPROB_DENSITY_GAUSSIAN:
548       switch (dim) {
549         case 1:
550           if (pdf) *pdf = PetscPDFGaussian1D;
551           if (cdf) *cdf = PetscCDFGaussian1D;
552           if (sampler) *sampler = PetscPDFSampleGaussian1D;
553           break;
554         case 2:
555           if (pdf) *pdf = PetscPDFGaussian2D;
556           if (sampler) *sampler = PetscPDFSampleGaussian2D;
557           break;
558         case 3:
559           if (pdf) *pdf = PetscPDFGaussian3D;
560           if (sampler) *sampler = PetscPDFSampleGaussian3D;
561           break;
562         default: SETERRQ(PETSC_COMM_SELF, PETSC_ERR_ARG_OUTOFRANGE, "Dimension %" PetscInt_FMT " not supported for density type %s", dim, DTProbDensityTypes[den]);
563       }
564       break;
565     case DTPROB_DENSITY_MAXWELL_BOLTZMANN:
566       switch (dim) {
567         case 1:
568           if (pdf) *pdf = PetscPDFMaxwellBoltzmann1D;
569           if (cdf) *cdf = PetscCDFMaxwellBoltzmann1D;
570           break;
571         case 2:
572           if (pdf) *pdf = PetscPDFMaxwellBoltzmann2D;
573           if (cdf) *cdf = PetscCDFMaxwellBoltzmann2D;
574           break;
575         case 3:
576           if (pdf) *pdf = PetscPDFMaxwellBoltzmann3D;
577           if (cdf) *cdf = PetscCDFMaxwellBoltzmann3D;
578           break;
579         default: SETERRQ(PETSC_COMM_SELF, PETSC_ERR_ARG_OUTOFRANGE, "Dimension %" PetscInt_FMT " not supported for density type %s", dim, DTProbDensityTypes[den]);
580       }
581       break;
582     default: SETERRQ(PETSC_COMM_SELF, PETSC_ERR_SUP, "Density type %s is not supported", DTProbDensityTypes[PetscMax(0, PetscMin(den, DTPROB_NUM_DENSITY))]);
583   }
584   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
585 }
586 
587 #ifdef PETSC_HAVE_KS
588 EXTERN_C_BEGIN
589 #include <KolmogorovSmirnovDist.h>
590 EXTERN_C_END
591 #endif
592 
593 /*@C
594   PetscProbComputeKSStatistic - Compute the Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistic for the empirical distribution for an input vector, compared to an analytic CDF.
595 
596   Collective on v
597 
598   Input Parameters:
599 + v   - The data vector, blocksize is the sample dimension
600 - cdf - The analytic CDF
601 
602   Output Parameter:
603 . alpha - The KS statisic
604 
605   Level: advanced
606 
607   Note: The Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistic for a given cumulative distribution function $F(x)$ is
608 $
609 $    D_n = \sup_x \left| F_n(x) - F(x) \right|
610 $
611 where $\sup_x$ is the supremum of the set of distances, and the empirical distribution
612 function $F_n(x)$ is discrete, and given by
613 $
614 $    F_n =  # of samples <= x / n
615 $
616 The empirical distribution function $F_n(x)$ is discrete, and thus had a ``stairstep''
617 cumulative distribution, making $n$ the number of stairs. Intuitively, the statistic takes
618 the largest absolute difference between the two distribution functions across all $x$ values.
619 
620 .seealso: `PetscProbFunc`
621 @*/
622 PetscErrorCode PetscProbComputeKSStatistic(Vec v, PetscProbFunc cdf, PetscReal *alpha)
623 {
624 #if !defined(PETSC_HAVE_KS)
625   SETERRQ(PetscObjectComm((PetscObject) v), PETSC_ERR_SUP, "No support for Kolmogorov-Smirnov test.\nReconfigure using --download-ks");
626 #else
627   PetscViewer        viewer = NULL;
628   PetscViewerFormat  format;
629   PetscDraw          draw;
630   PetscDrawLG        lg;
631   PetscDrawAxis      axis;
632   const PetscScalar *a;
633   PetscReal         *speed, Dn = PETSC_MIN_REAL;
634   PetscBool          isascii = PETSC_FALSE, isdraw = PETSC_FALSE, flg;
635   PetscInt           n, p, dim, d;
636   PetscMPIInt        size;
637   const char        *names[2] = {"Analytic", "Empirical"};
638   char               title[PETSC_MAX_PATH_LEN];
639   PetscOptions       options;
640   const char        *prefix;
641   MPI_Comm           comm;
642 
643   PetscFunctionBegin;
644   PetscCall(PetscObjectGetComm((PetscObject) v, &comm));
645   PetscCall(PetscObjectGetOptionsPrefix((PetscObject) v, &prefix));
646   PetscCall(PetscObjectGetOptions((PetscObject) v, &options));
647   PetscCall(PetscOptionsGetViewer(comm, options, prefix, "-ks_monitor", &viewer, &format, &flg));
648   if (flg) {
649     PetscCall(PetscObjectTypeCompare((PetscObject) viewer, PETSCVIEWERASCII, &isascii));
650     PetscCall(PetscObjectTypeCompare((PetscObject) viewer, PETSCVIEWERDRAW,  &isdraw));
651   }
652   if (isascii) {
653     PetscCall(PetscViewerPushFormat(viewer, format));
654   } else if (isdraw) {
655     PetscCall(PetscViewerPushFormat(viewer, format));
656     PetscCall(PetscViewerDrawGetDraw(viewer, 0, &draw));
657     PetscCall(PetscDrawLGCreate(draw, 2, &lg));
658     PetscCall(PetscDrawLGSetLegend(lg, names));
659   }
660 
661   PetscCallMPI(MPI_Comm_size(PetscObjectComm((PetscObject) v), &size));
662   PetscCall(VecGetLocalSize(v, &n));
663   PetscCall(VecGetBlockSize(v, &dim));
664   n   /= dim;
665   /* TODO Parallel algorithm is harder */
666   if (size == 1) {
667     PetscCall(PetscMalloc1(n, &speed));
668     PetscCall(VecGetArrayRead(v, &a));
669     for (p = 0; p < n; ++p) {
670       PetscReal mag = 0.;
671 
672       for (d = 0; d < dim; ++d) mag += PetscSqr(PetscRealPart(a[p*dim+d]));
673       speed[p] = PetscSqrtReal(mag);
674     }
675     PetscCall(PetscSortReal(n, speed));
676     PetscCall(VecRestoreArrayRead(v, &a));
677     for (p = 0; p < n; ++p) {
678       const PetscReal x = speed[p], Fn = ((PetscReal) p) / n;
679       PetscReal       F, vals[2];
680 
681       PetscCall(cdf(&x, NULL, &F));
682       Dn = PetscMax(PetscAbsReal(Fn - F), Dn);
683       if (isascii) PetscCall(PetscViewerASCIIPrintf(viewer, "x: %g F: %g Fn: %g Dn: %.2g\n", x, F, Fn, Dn));
684       if (isdraw)  {vals[0] = F; vals[1] = Fn; PetscCall(PetscDrawLGAddCommonPoint(lg, x, vals));}
685     }
686     if (speed[n-1] < 6.) {
687       const PetscReal k = (PetscInt) (6. - speed[n-1]) + 1, dx = (6. - speed[n-1])/k;
688       for (p = 0; p <= k; ++p) {
689         const PetscReal x = speed[n-1] + p*dx, Fn = 1.0;
690         PetscReal       F, vals[2];
691 
692         PetscCall(cdf(&x, NULL, &F));
693         Dn = PetscMax(PetscAbsReal(Fn - F), Dn);
694         if (isascii) PetscCall(PetscViewerASCIIPrintf(viewer, "x: %g F: %g Fn: %g Dn: %.2g\n", x, F, Fn, Dn));
695         if (isdraw)  {vals[0] = F; vals[1] = Fn; PetscCall(PetscDrawLGAddCommonPoint(lg, x, vals));}
696       }
697     }
698     PetscCall(PetscFree(speed));
699   }
700   if (isdraw) {
701     PetscCall(PetscDrawLGGetAxis(lg, &axis));
702     PetscCall(PetscSNPrintf(title, PETSC_MAX_PATH_LEN, "Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test (Dn %.2g)", Dn));
703     PetscCall(PetscDrawAxisSetLabels(axis, title, "x", "CDF(x)"));
704     PetscCall(PetscDrawLGDraw(lg));
705     PetscCall(PetscDrawLGDestroy(&lg));
706   }
707   if (viewer) {
708     PetscCall(PetscViewerFlush(viewer));
709     PetscCall(PetscViewerPopFormat(viewer));
710     PetscCall(PetscViewerDestroy(&viewer));
711   }
712   *alpha = KSfbar((int) n, (double) Dn);
713   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
714 #endif
715 }
716