xref: /petsc/src/dm/impls/plex/plexorient.c (revision 3db8ccc792d4bd10df0da905a21f07b40f720d8c)
1 #include <petsc/private/dmpleximpl.h> /*I      "petscdmplex.h"   I*/
2 #include <petscsf.h>
3 
4 /*@
5   DMPlexOrientPoint - Act with the given orientation on the cone points of this mesh point, and update its use in the mesh.
6 
7   Not Collective
8 
9   Input Parameters:
10 + dm - The `DM`
11 . p  - The mesh point
12 - o  - The orientation
13 
14   Level: intermediate
15 
16 .seealso: [](ch_unstructured), `DM`, `DMPLEX`, `DMPlexOrient()`, `DMPlexGetCone()`, `DMPlexGetConeOrientation()`, `DMPlexInterpolate()`, `DMPlexGetChart()`
17 @*/
18 PetscErrorCode DMPlexOrientPoint(DM dm, PetscInt p, PetscInt o)
19 {
20   DMPolytopeType  ct;
21   const PetscInt *arr, *cone, *ornt, *support;
22   PetscInt       *newcone, *newornt;
23   PetscInt        coneSize, c, supportSize, s;
24 
25   PetscFunctionBegin;
26   PetscValidHeaderSpecific(dm, DM_CLASSID, 1);
27   PetscCall(DMPlexGetCellType(dm, p, &ct));
28   arr = DMPolytopeTypeGetArrangement(ct, o);
29   if (!arr) PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
30   PetscCall(DMPlexGetConeSize(dm, p, &coneSize));
31   PetscCall(DMPlexGetCone(dm, p, &cone));
32   PetscCall(DMPlexGetConeOrientation(dm, p, &ornt));
33   PetscCall(DMGetWorkArray(dm, coneSize, MPIU_INT, &newcone));
34   PetscCall(DMGetWorkArray(dm, coneSize, MPIU_INT, &newornt));
35   for (c = 0; c < coneSize; ++c) {
36     DMPolytopeType ft;
37     PetscInt       nO;
38 
39     PetscCall(DMPlexGetCellType(dm, cone[c], &ft));
40     nO         = DMPolytopeTypeGetNumArrangements(ft) / 2;
41     newcone[c] = cone[arr[c * 2 + 0]];
42     newornt[c] = DMPolytopeTypeComposeOrientation(ft, arr[c * 2 + 1], ornt[arr[c * 2 + 0]]);
43     PetscCheck(!newornt[c] || !(newornt[c] >= nO || newornt[c] < -nO), PETSC_COMM_SELF, PETSC_ERR_PLIB, "Invalid orientation %" PetscInt_FMT " not in [%" PetscInt_FMT ",%" PetscInt_FMT ") for %s %" PetscInt_FMT, newornt[c], -nO, nO, DMPolytopeTypes[ft], cone[c]);
44   }
45   PetscCall(DMPlexSetCone(dm, p, newcone));
46   PetscCall(DMPlexSetConeOrientation(dm, p, newornt));
47   PetscCall(DMRestoreWorkArray(dm, coneSize, MPIU_INT, &newcone));
48   PetscCall(DMRestoreWorkArray(dm, coneSize, MPIU_INT, &newornt));
49   /* Update orientation of this point in the support points */
50   PetscCall(DMPlexGetSupportSize(dm, p, &supportSize));
51   PetscCall(DMPlexGetSupport(dm, p, &support));
52   for (s = 0; s < supportSize; ++s) {
53     PetscCall(DMPlexGetConeSize(dm, support[s], &coneSize));
54     PetscCall(DMPlexGetCone(dm, support[s], &cone));
55     PetscCall(DMPlexGetConeOrientation(dm, support[s], &ornt));
56     for (c = 0; c < coneSize; ++c) {
57       PetscInt po;
58 
59       if (cone[c] != p) continue;
60       /* ornt[c] * 0 = target = po * o so that po = ornt[c] * o^{-1} */
61       po = DMPolytopeTypeComposeOrientationInv(ct, ornt[c], o);
62       PetscCall(DMPlexInsertConeOrientation(dm, support[s], c, po));
63     }
64   }
65   PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
66 }
67 
68 static PetscInt GetPointIndex(PetscInt point, PetscInt pStart, PetscInt pEnd, const PetscInt points[])
69 {
70   if (points) {
71     PetscInt loc;
72 
73     PetscCallAbort(PETSC_COMM_SELF, PetscFindInt(point, pEnd - pStart, points, &loc));
74     if (loc >= 0) return loc;
75   } else {
76     if (point >= pStart && point < pEnd) return point - pStart;
77   }
78   return -1;
79 }
80 
81 /*
82   - Checks face match
83     - Flips non-matching
84   - Inserts faces of support cells in FIFO
85 */
86 static PetscErrorCode DMPlexCheckFace_Internal(DM dm, PetscInt *faceFIFO, PetscInt *fTop, PetscInt *fBottom, IS cellIS, IS faceIS, PetscBT seenCells, PetscBT flippedCells, PetscBT seenFaces)
87 {
88   const PetscInt *supp, *coneA, *coneB, *coneOA, *coneOB;
89   PetscInt        suppSize, Ns = 0, coneSizeA, coneSizeB, posA = -1, posB = -1;
90   PetscInt        face, dim, indC[3], indS[3], seenA, flippedA, seenB, flippedB, mismatch;
91   const PetscInt *cells, *faces;
92   PetscInt        cStart, cEnd, fStart, fEnd;
93 
94   PetscFunctionBegin;
95   face = faceFIFO[(*fTop)++];
96   PetscCall(ISGetPointRange(cellIS, &cStart, &cEnd, &cells));
97   PetscCall(ISGetPointRange(faceIS, &fStart, &fEnd, &faces));
98   PetscCall(DMPlexGetPointDepth(dm, cells ? cells[cStart] : cStart, &dim));
99   PetscCall(DMPlexGetSupportSize(dm, face, &suppSize));
100   PetscCall(DMPlexGetSupport(dm, face, &supp));
101   // Filter the support
102   for (PetscInt s = 0; s < suppSize; ++s) {
103     // Filter support
104     indC[Ns] = GetPointIndex(supp[s], cStart, cEnd, cells);
105     indS[Ns] = s;
106     if (indC[Ns] >= 0) ++Ns;
107   }
108   if (Ns < 2) PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
109   PetscCheck(Ns == 2, PETSC_COMM_SELF, PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONG, "Faces should separate only two cells, not %" PetscInt_FMT, Ns);
110   PetscCheck(indC[0] >= 0 && indC[1] >= 0, PETSC_COMM_SELF, PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONG, "Support cells %" PetscInt_FMT " (%" PetscInt_FMT ") and %" PetscInt_FMT " (%" PetscInt_FMT ") are not both valid", supp[0], indC[0], supp[1], indC[1]);
111   seenA    = PetscBTLookup(seenCells, indC[0]);
112   flippedA = PetscBTLookup(flippedCells, indC[0]) ? 1 : 0;
113   seenB    = PetscBTLookup(seenCells, indC[1]);
114   flippedB = PetscBTLookup(flippedCells, indC[1]) ? 1 : 0;
115 
116   PetscCall(DMPlexGetConeSize(dm, supp[indS[0]], &coneSizeA));
117   PetscCall(DMPlexGetConeSize(dm, supp[indS[1]], &coneSizeB));
118   PetscCall(DMPlexGetCone(dm, supp[indS[0]], &coneA));
119   PetscCall(DMPlexGetCone(dm, supp[indS[1]], &coneB));
120   PetscCall(DMPlexGetConeOrientation(dm, supp[indS[0]], &coneOA));
121   PetscCall(DMPlexGetConeOrientation(dm, supp[indS[1]], &coneOB));
122   for (PetscInt c = 0; c < coneSizeA; ++c) {
123     const PetscInt indF = GetPointIndex(coneA[c], fStart, fEnd, faces);
124 
125     // Filter cone
126     if (indF < 0) continue;
127     if (!PetscBTLookup(seenFaces, indF)) {
128       faceFIFO[(*fBottom)++] = coneA[c];
129       PetscCall(PetscBTSet(seenFaces, indF));
130     }
131     if (coneA[c] == face) posA = c;
132     PetscCheck(*fBottom <= fEnd - fStart, PETSC_COMM_SELF, PETSC_ERR_PLIB, "Face %" PetscInt_FMT " was pushed exceeding capacity %" PetscInt_FMT " > %" PetscInt_FMT, coneA[c], *fBottom, fEnd - fStart);
133   }
134   PetscCheck(posA >= 0, PETSC_COMM_SELF, PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONG, "Face %" PetscInt_FMT " could not be located in cell %" PetscInt_FMT, face, supp[indS[0]]);
135   for (PetscInt c = 0; c < coneSizeB; ++c) {
136     const PetscInt indF = GetPointIndex(coneB[c], fStart, fEnd, faces);
137 
138     // Filter cone
139     if (indF < 0) continue;
140     if (!PetscBTLookup(seenFaces, indF)) {
141       faceFIFO[(*fBottom)++] = coneB[c];
142       PetscCall(PetscBTSet(seenFaces, indF));
143     }
144     if (coneB[c] == face) posB = c;
145     PetscCheck(*fBottom <= fEnd - fStart, PETSC_COMM_SELF, PETSC_ERR_PLIB, "Face %" PetscInt_FMT " was pushed exceeding capacity %" PetscInt_FMT " > %" PetscInt_FMT, coneA[c], *fBottom, fEnd - fStart);
146   }
147   PetscCheck(posB >= 0, PETSC_COMM_SELF, PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONG, "Face %" PetscInt_FMT " could not be located in cell %" PetscInt_FMT, face, supp[indS[1]]);
148 
149   if (dim == 1) {
150     mismatch = posA == posB;
151   } else {
152     mismatch = coneOA[posA] == coneOB[posB];
153   }
154 
155   if (mismatch ^ (flippedA ^ flippedB)) {
156     PetscCheck(!seenA || !seenB, PETSC_COMM_SELF, PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONG, "Previously seen cells %" PetscInt_FMT " and %" PetscInt_FMT " do not match: Fault mesh is non-orientable", supp[indS[0]], supp[indS[1]]);
157     if (!seenA && !flippedA) {
158       PetscCall(PetscBTSet(flippedCells, indC[0]));
159     } else if (!seenB && !flippedB) {
160       PetscCall(PetscBTSet(flippedCells, indC[1]));
161     } else SETERRQ(PETSC_COMM_SELF, PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONG, "Inconsistent mesh orientation: Fault mesh is non-orientable");
162   } else PetscCheck(!mismatch || !flippedA || !flippedB, PETSC_COMM_SELF, PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONG, "Attempt to flip already flipped cell: Fault mesh is non-orientable");
163   PetscCall(PetscBTSet(seenCells, indC[0]));
164   PetscCall(PetscBTSet(seenCells, indC[1]));
165   PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
166 }
167 
168 static PetscErrorCode DMPlexCheckFace_Old_Internal(DM dm, PetscInt *faceFIFO, PetscInt *fTop, PetscInt *fBottom, PetscInt cStart, PetscInt fStart, PetscInt fEnd, PetscBT seenCells, PetscBT flippedCells, PetscBT seenFaces)
169 {
170   const PetscInt *support, *coneA, *coneB, *coneOA, *coneOB;
171   PetscInt        supportSize, coneSizeA, coneSizeB, posA = -1, posB = -1;
172   PetscInt        face, dim, seenA, flippedA, seenB, flippedB, mismatch, c;
173 
174   PetscFunctionBegin;
175   face = faceFIFO[(*fTop)++];
176   PetscCall(DMGetDimension(dm, &dim));
177   PetscCall(DMPlexGetSupportSize(dm, face, &supportSize));
178   PetscCall(DMPlexGetSupport(dm, face, &support));
179   if (supportSize < 2) PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
180   PetscCheck(supportSize == 2, PETSC_COMM_SELF, PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONG, "Faces should separate only two cells, not %" PetscInt_FMT, supportSize);
181   seenA    = PetscBTLookup(seenCells, support[0] - cStart);
182   flippedA = PetscBTLookup(flippedCells, support[0] - cStart) ? 1 : 0;
183   seenB    = PetscBTLookup(seenCells, support[1] - cStart);
184   flippedB = PetscBTLookup(flippedCells, support[1] - cStart) ? 1 : 0;
185 
186   PetscCall(DMPlexGetConeSize(dm, support[0], &coneSizeA));
187   PetscCall(DMPlexGetConeSize(dm, support[1], &coneSizeB));
188   PetscCall(DMPlexGetCone(dm, support[0], &coneA));
189   PetscCall(DMPlexGetCone(dm, support[1], &coneB));
190   PetscCall(DMPlexGetConeOrientation(dm, support[0], &coneOA));
191   PetscCall(DMPlexGetConeOrientation(dm, support[1], &coneOB));
192   for (c = 0; c < coneSizeA; ++c) {
193     if (!PetscBTLookup(seenFaces, coneA[c] - fStart)) {
194       faceFIFO[(*fBottom)++] = coneA[c];
195       PetscCall(PetscBTSet(seenFaces, coneA[c] - fStart));
196     }
197     if (coneA[c] == face) posA = c;
198     PetscCheck(*fBottom <= fEnd - fStart, PETSC_COMM_SELF, PETSC_ERR_PLIB, "Face %" PetscInt_FMT " was pushed exceeding capacity %" PetscInt_FMT " > %" PetscInt_FMT, coneA[c], *fBottom, fEnd - fStart);
199   }
200   PetscCheck(posA >= 0, PETSC_COMM_SELF, PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONG, "Face %" PetscInt_FMT " could not be located in cell %" PetscInt_FMT, face, support[0]);
201   for (c = 0; c < coneSizeB; ++c) {
202     if (!PetscBTLookup(seenFaces, coneB[c] - fStart)) {
203       faceFIFO[(*fBottom)++] = coneB[c];
204       PetscCall(PetscBTSet(seenFaces, coneB[c] - fStart));
205     }
206     if (coneB[c] == face) posB = c;
207     PetscCheck(*fBottom <= fEnd - fStart, PETSC_COMM_SELF, PETSC_ERR_PLIB, "Face %" PetscInt_FMT " was pushed exceeding capacity %" PetscInt_FMT " > %" PetscInt_FMT, coneA[c], *fBottom, fEnd - fStart);
208   }
209   PetscCheck(posB >= 0, PETSC_COMM_SELF, PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONG, "Face %" PetscInt_FMT " could not be located in cell %" PetscInt_FMT, face, support[1]);
210 
211   if (dim == 1) {
212     mismatch = posA == posB;
213   } else {
214     mismatch = coneOA[posA] == coneOB[posB];
215   }
216 
217   if (mismatch ^ (flippedA ^ flippedB)) {
218     PetscCheck(!seenA || !seenB, PETSC_COMM_SELF, PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONG, "Previously seen cells %" PetscInt_FMT " and %" PetscInt_FMT " do not match: Fault mesh is non-orientable", support[0], support[1]);
219     if (!seenA && !flippedA) {
220       PetscCall(PetscBTSet(flippedCells, support[0] - cStart));
221     } else if (!seenB && !flippedB) {
222       PetscCall(PetscBTSet(flippedCells, support[1] - cStart));
223     } else SETERRQ(PETSC_COMM_SELF, PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONG, "Inconsistent mesh orientation: Fault mesh is non-orientable");
224   } else PetscCheck(!mismatch || !flippedA || !flippedB, PETSC_COMM_SELF, PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONG, "Attempt to flip already flipped cell: Fault mesh is non-orientable");
225   PetscCall(PetscBTSet(seenCells, support[0] - cStart));
226   PetscCall(PetscBTSet(seenCells, support[1] - cStart));
227   PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
228 }
229 
230 /*
231   DMPlexOrient_Serial - Compute valid orientation for local connected components
232 
233   Not collective
234 
235   Input Parameters:
236   + dm         - The `DM`
237   - cellHeight - The height of k-cells to be oriented
238 
239   Output Parameters:
240   + Ncomp        - The number of connected component
241   . cellComp     - The connected component for each local cell
242   . faceComp     - The connected component for each local face
243   - flippedCells - Marked cells should be inverted
244 
245   Level: developer
246 
247 .seealso: `DMPlexOrient()`
248 */
249 static PetscErrorCode DMPlexOrient_Serial(DM dm, IS cellIS, IS faceIS, PetscInt *Ncomp, PetscInt cellComp[], PetscInt faceComp[], PetscBT flippedCells)
250 {
251   PetscBT         seenCells, seenFaces;
252   PetscInt       *faceFIFO;
253   const PetscInt *cells = NULL, *faces = NULL;
254   PetscInt        cStart = 0, cEnd = 0, fStart = 0, fEnd = 0;
255 
256   PetscFunctionBegin;
257   if (cellIS) PetscCall(ISGetPointRange(cellIS, &cStart, &cEnd, &cells));
258   if (faceIS) PetscCall(ISGetPointRange(faceIS, &fStart, &fEnd, &faces));
259   PetscCall(PetscBTCreate(cEnd - cStart, &seenCells));
260   PetscCall(PetscBTMemzero(cEnd - cStart, seenCells));
261   PetscCall(PetscBTCreate(fEnd - fStart, &seenFaces));
262   PetscCall(PetscBTMemzero(fEnd - fStart, seenFaces));
263   PetscCall(PetscMalloc1(fEnd - fStart, &faceFIFO));
264   *Ncomp = 0;
265   for (PetscInt c = 0; c < cEnd - cStart; ++c) cellComp[c] = -1;
266   do {
267     PetscInt cc, fTop, fBottom;
268 
269     // Look for first unmarked cell
270     for (cc = cStart; cc < cEnd; ++cc)
271       if (cellComp[cc - cStart] < 0) break;
272     if (cc >= cEnd) break;
273     // Initialize FIFO with first cell in component
274     {
275       const PetscInt  cell = cells ? cells[cc] : cc;
276       const PetscInt *cone;
277       PetscInt        coneSize;
278 
279       fTop = fBottom = 0;
280       PetscCall(DMPlexGetConeSize(dm, cell, &coneSize));
281       PetscCall(DMPlexGetCone(dm, cell, &cone));
282       for (PetscInt c = 0; c < coneSize; ++c) {
283         // Cell faces are guaranteed to be in the face set
284         faceFIFO[fBottom++] = cone[c];
285         PetscCall(PetscBTSet(seenFaces, GetPointIndex(cone[c], fStart, fEnd, faces)));
286       }
287       PetscCall(PetscBTSet(seenCells, cc - cStart));
288     }
289     // Consider each face in FIFO
290     while (fTop < fBottom) PetscCall(DMPlexCheckFace_Internal(dm, faceFIFO, &fTop, &fBottom, cellIS, faceIS, seenCells, flippedCells, seenFaces));
291     // Set component for cells and faces
292     for (PetscInt c = 0; c < cEnd - cStart; ++c) {
293       if (PetscBTLookup(seenCells, c)) cellComp[c] = *Ncomp;
294     }
295     for (PetscInt f = 0; f < fEnd - fStart; ++f) {
296       if (PetscBTLookup(seenFaces, f)) faceComp[f] = *Ncomp;
297     }
298     // Wipe seenCells and seenFaces for next component
299     PetscCall(PetscBTMemzero(fEnd - fStart, seenFaces));
300     PetscCall(PetscBTMemzero(cEnd - cStart, seenCells));
301     ++(*Ncomp);
302   } while (1);
303   PetscCall(PetscBTDestroy(&seenCells));
304   PetscCall(PetscBTDestroy(&seenFaces));
305   PetscCall(PetscFree(faceFIFO));
306   PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
307 }
308 
309 /*@
310   DMPlexOrient - Give a consistent orientation to the input mesh
311 
312   Input Parameter:
313 . dm - The `DM`
314 
315   Note:
316   The orientation data for the `DM` are change in-place.
317 
318   This routine will fail for non-orientable surfaces, such as the Moebius strip.
319 
320   Level: advanced
321 
322 .seealso: [](ch_unstructured), `DM`, `DMPLEX`, `DMCreate()`
323 @*/
324 PetscErrorCode DMPlexOrient(DM dm)
325 {
326 #if 0
327   IS cellIS, faceIS;
328 
329   PetscFunctionBegin;
330   PetscCall(DMPlexGetAllCells_Internal(dm, &cellIS));
331   PetscCall(DMPlexGetAllFaces_Internal(dm, &faceIS));
332   PetscCall(DMPlexOrientCells_Internal(dm, cellIS, faceIS));
333   PetscCall(ISDestroy(&cellIS));
334   PetscCall(ISDestroy(&faceIS));
335   PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
336 #else
337   MPI_Comm           comm;
338   PetscSF            sf;
339   const PetscInt    *lpoints;
340   const PetscSFNode *rpoints;
341   PetscSFNode       *rorntComp = NULL, *lorntComp = NULL;
342   PetscInt          *numNeighbors, **neighbors, *locSupport = NULL;
343   PetscSFNode       *nrankComp;
344   PetscBool         *match, *flipped;
345   PetscBT            seenCells, flippedCells, seenFaces;
346   PetscInt          *faceFIFO, fTop, fBottom, *cellComp, *faceComp;
347   PetscInt           numLeaves, numRoots, dim, h, cStart, cEnd, c, cell, fStart, fEnd, face, off, totNeighbors = 0;
348   PetscMPIInt        rank, size, numComponents, comp = 0;
349   PetscBool          flg, flg2;
350   PetscViewer        viewer = NULL, selfviewer = NULL;
351 
352   PetscFunctionBegin;
353   PetscCall(PetscObjectGetComm((PetscObject)dm, &comm));
354   PetscCallMPI(MPI_Comm_rank(comm, &rank));
355   PetscCallMPI(MPI_Comm_size(comm, &size));
356   PetscCall(PetscOptionsHasName(((PetscObject)dm)->options, ((PetscObject)dm)->prefix, "-orientation_view", &flg));
357   PetscCall(PetscOptionsHasName(((PetscObject)dm)->options, ((PetscObject)dm)->prefix, "-orientation_view_synchronized", &flg2));
358   PetscCall(DMGetPointSF(dm, &sf));
359   PetscCall(PetscSFGetGraph(sf, &numRoots, &numLeaves, &lpoints, &rpoints));
360   /* Truth Table
361      mismatch    flips   do action   mismatch   flipA ^ flipB   action
362          F       0 flips     no         F             F           F
363          F       1 flip      yes        F             T           T
364          F       2 flips     no         T             F           T
365          T       0 flips     yes        T             T           F
366          T       1 flip      no
367          T       2 flips     yes
368   */
369   PetscCall(DMGetDimension(dm, &dim));
370   PetscCall(DMPlexGetVTKCellHeight(dm, &h));
371   PetscCall(DMPlexGetHeightStratum(dm, h, &cStart, &cEnd));
372   PetscCall(DMPlexGetHeightStratum(dm, h + 1, &fStart, &fEnd));
373   PetscCall(PetscBTCreate(cEnd - cStart, &seenCells));
374   PetscCall(PetscBTMemzero(cEnd - cStart, seenCells));
375   PetscCall(PetscBTCreate(cEnd - cStart, &flippedCells));
376   PetscCall(PetscBTMemzero(cEnd - cStart, flippedCells));
377   PetscCall(PetscBTCreate(fEnd - fStart, &seenFaces));
378   PetscCall(PetscBTMemzero(fEnd - fStart, seenFaces));
379   PetscCall(PetscCalloc3(fEnd - fStart, &faceFIFO, cEnd - cStart, &cellComp, fEnd - fStart, &faceComp));
380   /*
381    OLD STYLE
382    - Add an integer array over cells and faces (component) for connected component number
383    Foreach component
384      - Mark the initial cell as seen
385      - Process component as usual
386      - Set component for all seenCells
387      - Wipe seenCells and seenFaces (flippedCells can stay)
388    - Generate parallel adjacency for component using SF and seenFaces
389    - Collect numComponents adj data from each proc to 0
390    - Build same serial graph
391    - Use same solver
392    - Use Scatterv to send back flipped flags for each component
393    - Negate flippedCells by component
394 
395    NEW STYLE
396    - Create the adj on each process
397    - Bootstrap to complete graph on proc 0
398   */
399   /* Loop over components */
400   for (cell = cStart; cell < cEnd; ++cell) cellComp[cell - cStart] = -1;
401   do {
402     /* Look for first unmarked cell */
403     for (cell = cStart; cell < cEnd; ++cell)
404       if (cellComp[cell - cStart] < 0) break;
405     if (cell >= cEnd) break;
406     /* Initialize FIFO with first cell in component */
407     {
408       const PetscInt *cone;
409       PetscInt        coneSize;
410 
411       fTop = fBottom = 0;
412       PetscCall(DMPlexGetConeSize(dm, cell, &coneSize));
413       PetscCall(DMPlexGetCone(dm, cell, &cone));
414       for (c = 0; c < coneSize; ++c) {
415         faceFIFO[fBottom++] = cone[c];
416         PetscCall(PetscBTSet(seenFaces, cone[c] - fStart));
417       }
418       PetscCall(PetscBTSet(seenCells, cell - cStart));
419     }
420     /* Consider each face in FIFO */
421     while (fTop < fBottom) PetscCall(DMPlexCheckFace_Old_Internal(dm, faceFIFO, &fTop, &fBottom, cStart, fStart, fEnd, seenCells, flippedCells, seenFaces));
422     /* Set component for cells and faces */
423     for (cell = 0; cell < cEnd - cStart; ++cell) {
424       if (PetscBTLookup(seenCells, cell)) cellComp[cell] = comp;
425     }
426     for (face = 0; face < fEnd - fStart; ++face) {
427       if (PetscBTLookup(seenFaces, face)) faceComp[face] = comp;
428     }
429     /* Wipe seenCells and seenFaces for next component */
430     PetscCall(PetscBTMemzero(fEnd - fStart, seenFaces));
431     PetscCall(PetscBTMemzero(cEnd - cStart, seenCells));
432     ++comp;
433   } while (1);
434   numComponents = comp;
435   if (flg) {
436     PetscViewer v;
437 
438     PetscCall(PetscViewerASCIIGetStdout(comm, &v));
439     PetscCall(PetscViewerASCIIPushSynchronized(v));
440     PetscCall(PetscViewerASCIISynchronizedPrintf(v, "[%d]BT for serial flipped cells:\n", rank));
441     PetscCall(PetscBTView(cEnd - cStart, flippedCells, v));
442     PetscCall(PetscViewerFlush(v));
443     PetscCall(PetscViewerASCIIPopSynchronized(v));
444   }
445   /* Now all subdomains are oriented, but we need a consistent parallel orientation */
446   if (numLeaves >= 0) {
447     PetscInt maxSupportSize, neighbor;
448 
449     /* Store orientations of boundary faces*/
450     PetscCall(DMPlexGetMaxSizes(dm, NULL, &maxSupportSize));
451     PetscCall(PetscCalloc3(numRoots, &rorntComp, numRoots, &lorntComp, maxSupportSize, &locSupport));
452     for (face = fStart; face < fEnd; ++face) {
453       const PetscInt *cone, *support, *ornt;
454       PetscInt        coneSize, supportSize, Ns = 0, s, l;
455 
456       PetscCall(DMPlexGetSupportSize(dm, face, &supportSize));
457       /* Ignore overlapping cells */
458       PetscCall(DMPlexGetSupport(dm, face, &support));
459       for (s = 0; s < supportSize; ++s) {
460         PetscCall(PetscFindInt(support[s], numLeaves, lpoints, &l));
461         if (l >= 0) continue;
462         locSupport[Ns++] = support[s];
463       }
464       if (Ns != 1) continue;
465       neighbor = locSupport[0];
466       PetscCall(DMPlexGetCone(dm, neighbor, &cone));
467       PetscCall(DMPlexGetConeSize(dm, neighbor, &coneSize));
468       PetscCall(DMPlexGetConeOrientation(dm, neighbor, &ornt));
469       for (c = 0; c < coneSize; ++c)
470         if (cone[c] == face) break;
471       if (dim == 1) {
472         /* Use cone position instead, shifted to -1 or 1 */
473         if (PetscBTLookup(flippedCells, neighbor - cStart)) rorntComp[face].rank = 1 - c * 2;
474         else rorntComp[face].rank = c * 2 - 1;
475       } else {
476         if (PetscBTLookup(flippedCells, neighbor - cStart)) rorntComp[face].rank = ornt[c] < 0 ? -1 : 1;
477         else rorntComp[face].rank = ornt[c] < 0 ? 1 : -1;
478       }
479       rorntComp[face].index = faceComp[face - fStart];
480     }
481     /* Communicate boundary edge orientations */
482     PetscCall(PetscSFBcastBegin(sf, MPIU_SF_NODE, rorntComp, lorntComp, MPI_REPLACE));
483     PetscCall(PetscSFBcastEnd(sf, MPIU_SF_NODE, rorntComp, lorntComp, MPI_REPLACE));
484   }
485   /* Get process adjacency */
486   PetscCall(PetscMalloc2(numComponents, &numNeighbors, numComponents, &neighbors));
487   viewer = PETSC_VIEWER_STDOUT_(PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)dm));
488   if (flg2) PetscCall(PetscViewerASCIIPushSynchronized(viewer));
489   PetscCall(PetscViewerGetSubViewer(viewer, PETSC_COMM_SELF, &selfviewer));
490   for (comp = 0; comp < numComponents; ++comp) {
491     PetscInt l, n;
492 
493     numNeighbors[comp] = 0;
494     PetscCall(PetscMalloc1(PetscMax(numLeaves, 0), &neighbors[comp]));
495     /* I know this is p^2 time in general, but for bounded degree its alright */
496     for (l = 0; l < numLeaves; ++l) {
497       const PetscInt face = lpoints[l];
498 
499       /* Find a representative face (edge) separating pairs of procs */
500       if ((face >= fStart) && (face < fEnd) && (faceComp[face - fStart] == comp) && rorntComp[face].rank) {
501         const PetscInt rrank = rpoints[l].rank;
502         const PetscInt rcomp = lorntComp[face].index;
503 
504         for (n = 0; n < numNeighbors[comp]; ++n)
505           if ((rrank == rpoints[neighbors[comp][n]].rank) && (rcomp == lorntComp[lpoints[neighbors[comp][n]]].index)) break;
506         if (n >= numNeighbors[comp]) {
507           PetscInt supportSize;
508 
509           PetscCall(DMPlexGetSupportSize(dm, face, &supportSize));
510           PetscCheck(supportSize == 1, PETSC_COMM_SELF, PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONG, "Boundary faces should see one cell, not %" PetscInt_FMT, supportSize);
511           if (flg)
512             PetscCall(PetscViewerASCIIPrintf(selfviewer, "[%d]: component %d, Found representative leaf %" PetscInt_FMT " (face %" PetscInt_FMT ") connecting to face %" PetscInt_FMT " on (%" PetscInt_FMT ", %" PetscInt_FMT ") with orientation %" PetscInt_FMT "\n", rank, comp, l, face,
513                                              rpoints[l].index, rrank, rcomp, lorntComp[face].rank));
514           neighbors[comp][numNeighbors[comp]++] = l;
515         }
516       }
517     }
518     totNeighbors += numNeighbors[comp];
519   }
520   PetscCall(PetscViewerRestoreSubViewer(viewer, PETSC_COMM_SELF, &selfviewer));
521   if (flg2) PetscCall(PetscViewerASCIIPopSynchronized(viewer));
522   PetscCall(PetscMalloc2(totNeighbors, &nrankComp, totNeighbors, &match));
523   for (comp = 0, off = 0; comp < numComponents; ++comp) {
524     PetscInt n;
525 
526     for (n = 0; n < numNeighbors[comp]; ++n, ++off) {
527       const PetscInt face = lpoints[neighbors[comp][n]];
528       const PetscInt o    = rorntComp[face].rank * lorntComp[face].rank;
529 
530       if (o < 0) match[off] = PETSC_TRUE;
531       else if (o > 0) match[off] = PETSC_FALSE;
532       else SETERRQ(PETSC_COMM_SELF, PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONG, "Invalid face %" PetscInt_FMT " (%" PetscInt_FMT ", %" PetscInt_FMT ") neighbor: %" PetscInt_FMT " comp: %d", face, rorntComp[face].rank, lorntComp[face].rank, neighbors[comp][n], comp);
533       nrankComp[off].rank  = rpoints[neighbors[comp][n]].rank;
534       nrankComp[off].index = lorntComp[lpoints[neighbors[comp][n]]].index;
535     }
536     PetscCall(PetscFree(neighbors[comp]));
537   }
538   /* Collect the graph on 0 */
539   if (numLeaves >= 0) {
540     Mat          G;
541     PetscBT      seenProcs, flippedProcs;
542     PetscInt    *procFIFO, pTop, pBottom;
543     PetscInt    *N          = NULL, *Noff;
544     PetscSFNode *adj        = NULL;
545     PetscBool   *val        = NULL;
546     PetscMPIInt *recvcounts = NULL, *displs = NULL, *Nc, p, o, itotNeighbors;
547     PetscMPIInt  size = 0;
548 
549     PetscCall(PetscCalloc1(numComponents, &flipped));
550     if (rank == 0) PetscCallMPI(MPI_Comm_size(comm, &size));
551     PetscCall(PetscCalloc4(size, &recvcounts, size + 1, &displs, size, &Nc, size + 1, &Noff));
552     PetscCallMPI(MPI_Gather(&numComponents, 1, MPI_INT, Nc, 1, MPI_INT, 0, comm));
553     for (p = 0; p < size; ++p) displs[p + 1] = displs[p] + Nc[p];
554     if (rank == 0) PetscCall(PetscMalloc1(displs[size], &N));
555     PetscCallMPI(MPI_Gatherv(numNeighbors, numComponents, MPIU_INT, N, Nc, displs, MPIU_INT, 0, comm));
556     for (p = 0, o = 0; p < size; ++p) {
557       recvcounts[p] = 0;
558       for (c = 0; c < Nc[p]; ++c, ++o) recvcounts[p] += N[o];
559       displs[p + 1] = displs[p] + recvcounts[p];
560     }
561     if (rank == 0) PetscCall(PetscMalloc2(displs[size], &adj, displs[size], &val));
562     PetscCall(PetscMPIIntCast(totNeighbors, &itotNeighbors));
563     PetscCallMPI(MPI_Gatherv(nrankComp, itotNeighbors, MPIU_SF_NODE, adj, recvcounts, displs, MPIU_SF_NODE, 0, comm));
564     PetscCallMPI(MPI_Gatherv(match, itotNeighbors, MPIU_BOOL, val, recvcounts, displs, MPIU_BOOL, 0, comm));
565     PetscCall(PetscFree2(numNeighbors, neighbors));
566     if (rank == 0) {
567       for (p = 1; p <= size; ++p) Noff[p] = Noff[p - 1] + Nc[p - 1];
568       if (flg) {
569         PetscInt n;
570 
571         for (p = 0, off = 0; p < size; ++p) {
572           for (c = 0; c < Nc[p]; ++c) {
573             PetscCall(PetscPrintf(PETSC_COMM_SELF, "Proc %d Comp %" PetscInt_FMT ":\n", p, c));
574             for (n = 0; n < N[Noff[p] + c]; ++n, ++off) PetscCall(PetscPrintf(PETSC_COMM_SELF, "  edge (%" PetscInt_FMT ", %" PetscInt_FMT ") (%s):\n", adj[off].rank, adj[off].index, PetscBools[val[off]]));
575           }
576         }
577       }
578       /* Symmetrize the graph */
579       PetscCall(MatCreate(PETSC_COMM_SELF, &G));
580       PetscCall(MatSetSizes(G, Noff[size], Noff[size], Noff[size], Noff[size]));
581       PetscCall(MatSetUp(G));
582       for (p = 0, off = 0; p < size; ++p) {
583         for (c = 0; c < Nc[p]; ++c) {
584           const PetscInt r = Noff[p] + c;
585           PetscInt       n;
586 
587           for (n = 0; n < N[r]; ++n, ++off) {
588             const PetscInt    q = Noff[adj[off].rank] + adj[off].index;
589             const PetscScalar o = val[off] ? 1.0 : 0.0;
590 
591             PetscCall(MatSetValues(G, 1, &r, 1, &q, &o, INSERT_VALUES));
592             PetscCall(MatSetValues(G, 1, &q, 1, &r, &o, INSERT_VALUES));
593           }
594         }
595       }
596       PetscCall(MatAssemblyBegin(G, MAT_FINAL_ASSEMBLY));
597       PetscCall(MatAssemblyEnd(G, MAT_FINAL_ASSEMBLY));
598 
599       PetscCall(PetscBTCreate(Noff[size], &seenProcs));
600       PetscCall(PetscBTMemzero(Noff[size], seenProcs));
601       PetscCall(PetscBTCreate(Noff[size], &flippedProcs));
602       PetscCall(PetscBTMemzero(Noff[size], flippedProcs));
603       PetscCall(PetscMalloc1(Noff[size], &procFIFO));
604       pTop = pBottom = 0;
605       for (p = 0; p < Noff[size]; ++p) {
606         if (PetscBTLookup(seenProcs, p)) continue;
607         /* Initialize FIFO with next proc */
608         procFIFO[pBottom++] = p;
609         PetscCall(PetscBTSet(seenProcs, p));
610         /* Consider each proc in FIFO */
611         while (pTop < pBottom) {
612           const PetscScalar *ornt;
613           const PetscInt    *neighbors;
614           PetscInt           proc, nproc, seen, flippedA, flippedB, mismatch, numNeighbors, n;
615 
616           proc     = procFIFO[pTop++];
617           flippedA = PetscBTLookup(flippedProcs, proc) ? 1 : 0;
618           PetscCall(MatGetRow(G, proc, &numNeighbors, &neighbors, &ornt));
619           /* Loop over neighboring procs */
620           for (n = 0; n < numNeighbors; ++n) {
621             nproc    = neighbors[n];
622             mismatch = PetscRealPart(ornt[n]) > 0.5 ? 0 : 1;
623             seen     = PetscBTLookup(seenProcs, nproc);
624             flippedB = PetscBTLookup(flippedProcs, nproc) ? 1 : 0;
625 
626             if (mismatch ^ (flippedA ^ flippedB)) {
627               PetscCheck(!seen, PETSC_COMM_SELF, PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONG, "Previously seen procs %" PetscInt_FMT " and %" PetscInt_FMT " do not match: Fault mesh is non-orientable", proc, nproc);
628               if (!flippedB) {
629                 PetscCall(PetscBTSet(flippedProcs, nproc));
630               } else SETERRQ(PETSC_COMM_SELF, PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONG, "Inconsistent mesh orientation: Fault mesh is non-orientable");
631             } else PetscCheck(!mismatch || !flippedA || !flippedB, PETSC_COMM_SELF, PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONG, "Attempt to flip already flipped cell: Fault mesh is non-orientable");
632             if (!seen) {
633               procFIFO[pBottom++] = nproc;
634               PetscCall(PetscBTSet(seenProcs, nproc));
635             }
636           }
637         }
638       }
639       PetscCall(PetscFree(procFIFO));
640       PetscCall(MatDestroy(&G));
641       PetscCall(PetscFree2(adj, val));
642       PetscCall(PetscBTDestroy(&seenProcs));
643     }
644     /* Scatter flip flags */
645     {
646       PetscBool *flips = NULL;
647 
648       if (rank == 0) {
649         PetscCall(PetscMalloc1(Noff[size], &flips));
650         for (p = 0; p < Noff[size]; ++p) {
651           flips[p] = PetscBTLookup(flippedProcs, p) ? PETSC_TRUE : PETSC_FALSE;
652           if (flg && flips[p]) PetscCall(PetscPrintf(comm, "Flipping Proc+Comp %d:\n", p));
653         }
654         for (p = 0; p < size; ++p) displs[p + 1] = displs[p] + Nc[p];
655       }
656       PetscCallMPI(MPI_Scatterv(flips, Nc, displs, MPIU_BOOL, flipped, numComponents, MPIU_BOOL, 0, comm));
657       PetscCall(PetscFree(flips));
658     }
659     if (rank == 0) PetscCall(PetscBTDestroy(&flippedProcs));
660     PetscCall(PetscFree(N));
661     PetscCall(PetscFree4(recvcounts, displs, Nc, Noff));
662     PetscCall(PetscFree2(nrankComp, match));
663 
664     /* Decide whether to flip cells in each component */
665     for (c = 0; c < cEnd - cStart; ++c) {
666       if (flipped[cellComp[c]]) PetscCall(PetscBTNegate(flippedCells, c));
667     }
668     PetscCall(PetscFree(flipped));
669   }
670   if (flg) {
671     PetscViewer v;
672 
673     PetscCall(PetscViewerASCIIGetStdout(comm, &v));
674     PetscCall(PetscViewerASCIIPushSynchronized(v));
675     PetscCall(PetscViewerASCIISynchronizedPrintf(v, "[%d]BT for parallel flipped cells:\n", rank));
676     PetscCall(PetscBTView(cEnd - cStart, flippedCells, v));
677     PetscCall(PetscViewerFlush(v));
678     PetscCall(PetscViewerASCIIPopSynchronized(v));
679   }
680   /* Reverse flipped cells in the mesh */
681   for (c = cStart; c < cEnd; ++c) {
682     if (PetscBTLookup(flippedCells, c - cStart)) PetscCall(DMPlexOrientPoint(dm, c, -1));
683   }
684   PetscCall(PetscBTDestroy(&seenCells));
685   PetscCall(PetscBTDestroy(&flippedCells));
686   PetscCall(PetscBTDestroy(&seenFaces));
687   PetscCall(PetscFree2(numNeighbors, neighbors));
688   PetscCall(PetscFree3(rorntComp, lorntComp, locSupport));
689   PetscCall(PetscFree3(faceFIFO, cellComp, faceComp));
690   PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
691 #endif
692 }
693 
694 static PetscErrorCode CreateCellAndFaceIS_Private(DM dm, DMLabel label, IS *cellIS, IS *faceIS)
695 {
696   IS              valueIS;
697   const PetscInt *values;
698   PetscInt        Nv, depth = 0;
699 
700   PetscFunctionBegin;
701   PetscCall(DMLabelGetValueIS(label, &valueIS));
702   PetscCall(ISGetLocalSize(valueIS, &Nv));
703   PetscCall(ISGetIndices(valueIS, &values));
704   for (PetscInt v = 0; v < Nv; ++v) {
705     const PetscInt val = values[v] < 0 || values[v] >= 100 ? 0 : values[v];
706     PetscInt       n;
707 
708     PetscCall(DMLabelGetStratumSize(label, val, &n));
709     if (!n) continue;
710     depth = PetscMax(val, depth);
711   }
712   PetscCall(ISDestroy(&valueIS));
713   PetscCheck(depth >= 1 || !Nv, PETSC_COMM_SELF, PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONG, "Depth for interface must be at least 1, not %" PetscInt_FMT, depth);
714   PetscCall(DMLabelGetStratumIS(label, depth, cellIS));
715   PetscCall(DMLabelGetStratumIS(label, depth - 1, faceIS));
716   if (!*cellIS) PetscCall(ISCreateStride(PETSC_COMM_SELF, 0, 0, 1, cellIS));
717   if (!*faceIS) PetscCall(ISCreateStride(PETSC_COMM_SELF, 0, 0, 1, faceIS));
718   PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
719 }
720 
721 PetscErrorCode DMPlexOrientLabel(DM dm, DMLabel label)
722 {
723   IS cellIS, faceIS;
724 
725   PetscFunctionBegin;
726   PetscCall(CreateCellAndFaceIS_Private(dm, label, &cellIS, &faceIS));
727   PetscCall(DMPlexOrientCells_Internal(dm, cellIS, faceIS));
728   PetscCall(ISDestroy(&cellIS));
729   PetscCall(ISDestroy(&faceIS));
730   PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
731 }
732 
733 PetscErrorCode DMPlexOrientCells_Internal(DM dm, IS cellIS, IS faceIS)
734 {
735   MPI_Comm           comm;
736   PetscSF            sf;
737   const PetscInt    *lpoints;
738   const PetscSFNode *rpoints;
739   PetscSFNode       *rorntComp = NULL, *lorntComp = NULL;
740   PetscInt          *numNeighbors, **neighbors, *locSupp = NULL;
741   PetscSFNode       *nrankComp;
742   PetscBool         *match, *flipped;
743   PetscBT            flippedCells;
744   PetscInt          *cellComp, *faceComp;
745   const PetscInt    *cells = NULL, *faces = NULL;
746   PetscInt           cStart = 0, cEnd = 0, fStart = 0, fEnd = 0;
747   PetscInt           numLeaves, numRoots, dim, Ncomp, totNeighbors = 0;
748   PetscMPIInt        rank, size;
749   PetscBool          view, viewSync;
750   PetscViewer        viewer = NULL, selfviewer = NULL;
751 
752   PetscFunctionBegin;
753   PetscCall(PetscObjectGetComm((PetscObject)dm, &comm));
754   PetscCallMPI(MPI_Comm_rank(comm, &rank));
755   PetscCallMPI(MPI_Comm_size(comm, &size));
756   PetscCall(PetscOptionsHasName(((PetscObject)dm)->options, ((PetscObject)dm)->prefix, "-orientation_view", &view));
757   PetscCall(PetscOptionsHasName(((PetscObject)dm)->options, ((PetscObject)dm)->prefix, "-orientation_view_synchronized", &viewSync));
758 
759   if (cellIS) PetscCall(ISGetPointRange(cellIS, &cStart, &cEnd, &cells));
760   if (faceIS) PetscCall(ISGetPointRange(faceIS, &fStart, &fEnd, &faces));
761   PetscCall(DMGetPointSF(dm, &sf));
762   PetscCall(PetscSFGetGraph(sf, &numRoots, &numLeaves, &lpoints, &rpoints));
763   /* Truth Table
764      mismatch    flips   do action   mismatch   flipA ^ flipB   action
765          F       0 flips     no         F             F           F
766          F       1 flip      yes        F             T           T
767          F       2 flips     no         T             F           T
768          T       0 flips     yes        T             T           F
769          T       1 flip      no
770          T       2 flips     yes
771   */
772   PetscCall(DMGetDimension(dm, &dim));
773   PetscCall(PetscBTCreate(cEnd - cStart, &flippedCells));
774   PetscCall(PetscBTMemzero(cEnd - cStart, flippedCells));
775   PetscCall(PetscCalloc2(cEnd - cStart, &cellComp, fEnd - fStart, &faceComp));
776   /*
777    OLD STYLE
778    - Add an integer array over cells and faces (component) for connected component number
779    Foreach component
780      - Mark the initial cell as seen
781      - Process component as usual
782      - Set component for all seenCells
783      - Wipe seenCells and seenFaces (flippedCells can stay)
784    - Generate parallel adjacency for component using SF and seenFaces
785    - Collect Ncomp adj data from each proc to 0
786    - Build same serial graph
787    - Use same solver
788    - Use Scatterv to send back flipped flags for each component
789    - Negate flippedCells by component
790 
791    NEW STYLE
792    - Create the adj on each process
793    - Bootstrap to complete graph on proc 0
794   */
795   PetscCall(DMPlexOrient_Serial(dm, cellIS, faceIS, &Ncomp, cellComp, faceComp, flippedCells));
796   if (view) {
797     PetscViewer v;
798     PetscInt    cdepth = -1;
799 
800     PetscCall(PetscViewerASCIIGetStdout(comm, &v));
801     PetscCall(PetscViewerASCIIPushSynchronized(v));
802     if (cEnd > cStart) PetscCall(DMPlexGetPointDepth(dm, cells ? cells[cStart] : cStart, &cdepth));
803     PetscCall(PetscViewerASCIISynchronizedPrintf(v, "[%d]New Orientation %" PetscInt_FMT " cells (depth %" PetscInt_FMT ") and %" PetscInt_FMT " faces\n", rank, cEnd - cStart, cdepth, fEnd - fStart));
804     PetscCall(PetscViewerASCIISynchronizedPrintf(v, "[%d]BT for serial flipped cells:\n", rank));
805     PetscCall(PetscBTView(cEnd - cStart, flippedCells, v));
806     PetscCall(PetscViewerFlush(v));
807     PetscCall(PetscViewerASCIIPopSynchronized(v));
808   }
809   /* Now all subdomains are oriented, but we need a consistent parallel orientation */
810   // TODO: This all has to be rewritten to filter cones/supports to the ISes
811   if (numLeaves >= 0) {
812     PetscInt maxSuppSize, neighbor;
813 
814     // Store orientations of boundary faces
815     PetscCall(DMPlexGetMaxSizes(dm, NULL, &maxSuppSize));
816     PetscCall(PetscCalloc3(numRoots, &rorntComp, numRoots, &lorntComp, maxSuppSize, &locSupp));
817     for (PetscInt f = fStart; f < fEnd; ++f) {
818       const PetscInt  face = faces ? faces[f] : f;
819       const PetscInt *cone, *supp, *ornt;
820       PetscInt        coneSize, suppSize, nind, c, Ns = 0;
821 
822       PetscCall(DMPlexGetSupportSize(dm, face, &suppSize));
823       PetscCall(DMPlexGetSupport(dm, face, &supp));
824       for (PetscInt s = 0; s < suppSize; ++s) {
825         PetscInt ind, l;
826 
827         // Filter support
828         ind = GetPointIndex(supp[s], cStart, cEnd, cells);
829         if (ind < 0) continue;
830         // Ignore overlapping cells
831         PetscCall(PetscFindInt(supp[s], numLeaves, lpoints, &l));
832         if (l >= 0) continue;
833         locSupp[Ns++] = supp[s];
834       }
835       PetscCheck(Ns < maxSuppSize, PETSC_COMM_SELF, PETSC_ERR_PLIB, "Index %" PetscInt_FMT " exceeds array size %" PetscInt_FMT, Ns, maxSuppSize);
836       if (Ns != 1) continue;
837       neighbor = locSupp[0];
838       nind     = GetPointIndex(neighbor, cStart, cEnd, cells);
839       PetscCall(DMPlexGetCone(dm, neighbor, &cone));
840       PetscCall(DMPlexGetConeSize(dm, neighbor, &coneSize));
841       PetscCall(DMPlexGetConeOrientation(dm, neighbor, &ornt));
842       for (c = 0; c < coneSize; ++c)
843         if (cone[c] == face) break;
844       if (dim == 1) {
845         /* Use cone position instead, shifted to -1 or 1 */
846         if (PetscBTLookup(flippedCells, nind)) rorntComp[face].rank = 1 - c * 2;
847         else rorntComp[face].rank = c * 2 - 1;
848       } else {
849         if (PetscBTLookup(flippedCells, nind)) rorntComp[face].rank = ornt[c] < 0 ? -1 : 1;
850         else rorntComp[face].rank = ornt[c] < 0 ? 1 : -1;
851       }
852       rorntComp[face].index = faceComp[GetPointIndex(face, fStart, fEnd, faces)];
853     }
854     // Communicate boundary edge orientations
855     PetscCall(PetscSFBcastBegin(sf, MPIU_SF_NODE, rorntComp, lorntComp, MPI_REPLACE));
856     PetscCall(PetscSFBcastEnd(sf, MPIU_SF_NODE, rorntComp, lorntComp, MPI_REPLACE));
857   }
858   /* Get process adjacency */
859   PetscCall(PetscMalloc2(Ncomp, &numNeighbors, Ncomp, &neighbors));
860   viewer = PETSC_VIEWER_STDOUT_(PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)dm));
861   if (viewSync) PetscCall(PetscViewerASCIIPushSynchronized(viewer));
862   PetscCall(PetscViewerGetSubViewer(viewer, PETSC_COMM_SELF, &selfviewer));
863   for (PetscInt comp = 0; comp < Ncomp; ++comp) {
864     PetscInt n;
865 
866     numNeighbors[comp] = 0;
867     PetscCall(PetscMalloc1(PetscMax(numLeaves, 0), &neighbors[comp]));
868     /* I know this is p^2 time in general, but for bounded degree its alright */
869     for (PetscInt l = 0; l < numLeaves; ++l) {
870       const PetscInt face = lpoints[l];
871       PetscInt       find;
872 
873       /* Find a representative face (edge) separating pairs of procs */
874       find = GetPointIndex(face, fStart, fEnd, faces);
875       if ((find >= 0) && (faceComp[find] == comp) && rorntComp[face].rank) {
876         const PetscInt rrank = rpoints[l].rank;
877         const PetscInt rcomp = lorntComp[face].index;
878 
879         for (n = 0; n < numNeighbors[comp]; ++n)
880           if ((rrank == rpoints[neighbors[comp][n]].rank) && (rcomp == lorntComp[lpoints[neighbors[comp][n]]].index)) break;
881         if (n >= numNeighbors[comp]) {
882           const PetscInt *supp;
883           PetscInt        suppSize, Ns = 0;
884 
885           PetscCall(DMPlexGetSupport(dm, face, &supp));
886           PetscCall(DMPlexGetSupportSize(dm, face, &suppSize));
887           for (PetscInt s = 0; s < suppSize; ++s) {
888             // Filter support
889             if (GetPointIndex(supp[s], cStart, cEnd, cells) >= 0) ++Ns;
890           }
891           PetscCheck(Ns == 1, PETSC_COMM_SELF, PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONG, "Boundary face %" PetscInt_FMT " should see one cell, not %" PetscInt_FMT, face, Ns);
892           if (view)
893             PetscCall(PetscViewerASCIIPrintf(selfviewer, "[%d]: component %" PetscInt_FMT ", Found representative leaf %" PetscInt_FMT " (face %" PetscInt_FMT ") connecting to face %" PetscInt_FMT " on (%" PetscInt_FMT ", %" PetscInt_FMT ") with orientation %" PetscInt_FMT "\n", rank, comp, l, face,
894                                              rpoints[l].index, rrank, rcomp, lorntComp[face].rank));
895           neighbors[comp][numNeighbors[comp]++] = l;
896         }
897       }
898     }
899     totNeighbors += numNeighbors[comp];
900   }
901   PetscCall(PetscViewerRestoreSubViewer(viewer, PETSC_COMM_SELF, &selfviewer));
902   if (viewSync) PetscCall(PetscViewerASCIIPopSynchronized(viewer));
903   PetscCall(PetscMalloc2(totNeighbors, &nrankComp, totNeighbors, &match));
904   for (PetscInt comp = 0, off = 0; comp < Ncomp; ++comp) {
905     for (PetscInt n = 0; n < numNeighbors[comp]; ++n, ++off) {
906       const PetscInt face = lpoints[neighbors[comp][n]];
907       const PetscInt o    = rorntComp[face].rank * lorntComp[face].rank;
908 
909       if (o < 0) match[off] = PETSC_TRUE;
910       else if (o > 0) match[off] = PETSC_FALSE;
911       else
912         SETERRQ(PETSC_COMM_SELF, PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONG, "Invalid face %" PetscInt_FMT " (%" PetscInt_FMT ", %" PetscInt_FMT ") neighbor: %" PetscInt_FMT " comp: %" PetscInt_FMT, face, rorntComp[face].rank, lorntComp[face].rank, neighbors[comp][n], comp);
913       nrankComp[off].rank  = rpoints[neighbors[comp][n]].rank;
914       nrankComp[off].index = lorntComp[lpoints[neighbors[comp][n]]].index;
915     }
916     PetscCall(PetscFree(neighbors[comp]));
917   }
918   /* Collect the graph on 0 */
919   if (numLeaves >= 0) {
920     Mat          G;
921     PetscBT      seenProcs, flippedProcs;
922     PetscInt    *procFIFO, pTop, pBottom;
923     PetscInt    *N          = NULL, *Noff;
924     PetscSFNode *adj        = NULL;
925     PetscBool   *val        = NULL;
926     PetscMPIInt *recvcounts = NULL, *displs = NULL, *Nc;
927     PetscMPIInt  size = 0, iNcomp, itotNeighbors;
928 
929     PetscCall(PetscCalloc1(Ncomp, &flipped));
930     if (rank == 0) PetscCallMPI(MPI_Comm_size(comm, &size));
931     PetscCall(PetscCalloc4(size, &recvcounts, size + 1, &displs, size, &Nc, size + 1, &Noff));
932     PetscCallMPI(MPI_Gather(&Ncomp, 1, MPI_INT, Nc, 1, MPI_INT, 0, comm));
933     for (PetscInt p = 0; p < size; ++p) displs[p + 1] = displs[p] + Nc[p];
934     if (rank == 0) PetscCall(PetscMalloc1(displs[size], &N));
935     PetscCall(PetscMPIIntCast(Ncomp, &iNcomp));
936     PetscCallMPI(MPI_Gatherv(numNeighbors, iNcomp, MPIU_INT, N, Nc, displs, MPIU_INT, 0, comm));
937     for (PetscInt p = 0, o = 0; p < size; ++p) {
938       recvcounts[p] = 0;
939       for (PetscInt c = 0; c < Nc[p]; ++c, ++o) recvcounts[p] += N[o];
940       displs[p + 1] = displs[p] + recvcounts[p];
941     }
942     if (rank == 0) PetscCall(PetscMalloc2(displs[size], &adj, displs[size], &val));
943     PetscCall(PetscMPIIntCast(totNeighbors, &itotNeighbors));
944     PetscCallMPI(MPI_Gatherv(nrankComp, itotNeighbors, MPIU_SF_NODE, adj, recvcounts, displs, MPIU_SF_NODE, 0, comm));
945     PetscCallMPI(MPI_Gatherv(match, itotNeighbors, MPIU_BOOL, val, recvcounts, displs, MPIU_BOOL, 0, comm));
946     PetscCall(PetscFree2(numNeighbors, neighbors));
947     if (rank == 0) {
948       for (PetscInt p = 1; p <= size; ++p) Noff[p] = Noff[p - 1] + Nc[p - 1];
949       if (view) {
950         for (PetscInt p = 0, off = 0; p < size; ++p) {
951           for (PetscInt c = 0; c < Nc[p]; ++c) {
952             PetscCall(PetscPrintf(PETSC_COMM_SELF, "Proc %" PetscInt_FMT " Comp %" PetscInt_FMT ":\n", p, c));
953             for (PetscInt n = 0; n < N[Noff[p] + c]; ++n, ++off) PetscCall(PetscPrintf(PETSC_COMM_SELF, "  edge (%" PetscInt_FMT ", %" PetscInt_FMT ") (%s):\n", adj[off].rank, adj[off].index, PetscBools[val[off]]));
954           }
955         }
956       }
957       /* Symmetrize the graph */
958       PetscCall(MatCreate(PETSC_COMM_SELF, &G));
959       PetscCall(MatSetSizes(G, Noff[size], Noff[size], Noff[size], Noff[size]));
960       PetscCall(MatSetUp(G));
961       for (PetscInt p = 0, off = 0; p < size; ++p) {
962         for (PetscInt c = 0; c < Nc[p]; ++c) {
963           const PetscInt r = Noff[p] + c;
964 
965           for (PetscInt n = 0; n < N[r]; ++n, ++off) {
966             const PetscInt    q = Noff[adj[off].rank] + adj[off].index;
967             const PetscScalar o = val[off] ? 1.0 : 0.0;
968 
969             PetscCall(MatSetValues(G, 1, &r, 1, &q, &o, INSERT_VALUES));
970             PetscCall(MatSetValues(G, 1, &q, 1, &r, &o, INSERT_VALUES));
971           }
972         }
973       }
974       PetscCall(MatAssemblyBegin(G, MAT_FINAL_ASSEMBLY));
975       PetscCall(MatAssemblyEnd(G, MAT_FINAL_ASSEMBLY));
976 
977       PetscCall(PetscBTCreate(Noff[size], &seenProcs));
978       PetscCall(PetscBTMemzero(Noff[size], seenProcs));
979       PetscCall(PetscBTCreate(Noff[size], &flippedProcs));
980       PetscCall(PetscBTMemzero(Noff[size], flippedProcs));
981       PetscCall(PetscMalloc1(Noff[size], &procFIFO));
982       pTop = pBottom = 0;
983       for (PetscInt p = 0; p < Noff[size]; ++p) {
984         if (PetscBTLookup(seenProcs, p)) continue;
985         /* Initialize FIFO with next proc */
986         procFIFO[pBottom++] = p;
987         PetscCall(PetscBTSet(seenProcs, p));
988         /* Consider each proc in FIFO */
989         while (pTop < pBottom) {
990           const PetscScalar *ornt;
991           const PetscInt    *neighbors;
992           PetscInt           proc, nproc, seen, flippedA, flippedB, mismatch, numNeighbors;
993 
994           proc     = procFIFO[pTop++];
995           flippedA = PetscBTLookup(flippedProcs, proc) ? 1 : 0;
996           PetscCall(MatGetRow(G, proc, &numNeighbors, &neighbors, &ornt));
997           /* Loop over neighboring procs */
998           for (PetscInt n = 0; n < numNeighbors; ++n) {
999             nproc    = neighbors[n];
1000             mismatch = PetscRealPart(ornt[n]) > 0.5 ? 0 : 1;
1001             seen     = PetscBTLookup(seenProcs, nproc);
1002             flippedB = PetscBTLookup(flippedProcs, nproc) ? 1 : 0;
1003 
1004             if (mismatch ^ (flippedA ^ flippedB)) {
1005               PetscCheck(!seen, PETSC_COMM_SELF, PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONG, "Previously seen procs %" PetscInt_FMT " and %" PetscInt_FMT " do not match: Fault mesh is non-orientable", proc, nproc);
1006               if (!flippedB) {
1007                 PetscCall(PetscBTSet(flippedProcs, nproc));
1008               } else SETERRQ(PETSC_COMM_SELF, PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONG, "Inconsistent mesh orientation: Fault mesh is non-orientable");
1009             } else PetscCheck(!mismatch || !flippedA || !flippedB, PETSC_COMM_SELF, PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONG, "Attempt to flip already flipped cell: Fault mesh is non-orientable");
1010             if (!seen) {
1011               procFIFO[pBottom++] = nproc;
1012               PetscCall(PetscBTSet(seenProcs, nproc));
1013             }
1014           }
1015         }
1016       }
1017       PetscCall(PetscFree(procFIFO));
1018       PetscCall(MatDestroy(&G));
1019       PetscCall(PetscFree2(adj, val));
1020       PetscCall(PetscBTDestroy(&seenProcs));
1021     }
1022     /* Scatter flip flags */
1023     {
1024       PetscBool *flips = NULL;
1025 
1026       if (rank == 0) {
1027         PetscCall(PetscMalloc1(Noff[size], &flips));
1028         for (PetscInt p = 0; p < Noff[size]; ++p) {
1029           flips[p] = PetscBTLookup(flippedProcs, p) ? PETSC_TRUE : PETSC_FALSE;
1030           if (view && flips[p]) PetscCall(PetscPrintf(comm, "Flipping Proc+Comp %" PetscInt_FMT ":\n", p));
1031         }
1032         for (PetscInt p = 0; p < size; ++p) displs[p + 1] = displs[p] + Nc[p];
1033       }
1034       PetscCall(PetscMPIIntCast(Ncomp, &iNcomp));
1035       PetscCallMPI(MPI_Scatterv(flips, Nc, displs, MPIU_BOOL, flipped, iNcomp, MPIU_BOOL, 0, comm));
1036       PetscCall(PetscFree(flips));
1037     }
1038     if (rank == 0) PetscCall(PetscBTDestroy(&flippedProcs));
1039     PetscCall(PetscFree(N));
1040     PetscCall(PetscFree4(recvcounts, displs, Nc, Noff));
1041     PetscCall(PetscFree2(nrankComp, match));
1042 
1043     /* Decide whether to flip cells in each component */
1044     for (PetscInt c = 0; c < cEnd - cStart; ++c) {
1045       if (flipped[cellComp[c]]) PetscCall(PetscBTNegate(flippedCells, c));
1046     }
1047     PetscCall(PetscFree(flipped));
1048   }
1049   if (view) {
1050     PetscViewer v;
1051 
1052     PetscCall(PetscViewerASCIIGetStdout(comm, &v));
1053     PetscCall(PetscViewerASCIIPushSynchronized(v));
1054     PetscCall(PetscViewerASCIISynchronizedPrintf(v, "[%d]BT for parallel flipped cells:\n", rank));
1055     PetscCall(PetscBTView(cEnd - cStart, flippedCells, v));
1056     PetscCall(PetscViewerFlush(v));
1057     PetscCall(PetscViewerASCIIPopSynchronized(v));
1058   }
1059   // Reverse flipped cells in the mesh
1060   PetscViewer     v;
1061   const PetscInt *degree = NULL;
1062   PetscInt       *points;
1063   PetscInt        pStart, pEnd;
1064 
1065   if (view) {
1066     PetscCall(PetscViewerASCIIGetStdout(comm, &v));
1067     PetscCall(PetscViewerASCIIPushSynchronized(v));
1068   }
1069   PetscCall(DMPlexGetChart(dm, &pStart, &pEnd));
1070   if (numRoots >= 0) {
1071     PetscCall(PetscSFComputeDegreeBegin(sf, &degree));
1072     PetscCall(PetscSFComputeDegreeEnd(sf, &degree));
1073   }
1074   PetscCall(PetscCalloc1(pEnd - pStart, &points));
1075   for (PetscInt c = cStart; c < cEnd; ++c) {
1076     if (PetscBTLookup(flippedCells, c - cStart)) {
1077       const PetscInt cell = cells ? cells[c] : c;
1078 
1079       PetscCall(DMPlexOrientPoint(dm, cell, -1));
1080       if (degree && degree[cell]) points[cell] = 1;
1081       if (view) PetscCall(PetscViewerASCIISynchronizedPrintf(v, "[%d]Flipping cell %" PetscInt_FMT "%s\n", rank, cell, degree && degree[cell] ? " and sending to overlap" : ""));
1082     }
1083   }
1084   // Must propagate flips for cells in the overlap
1085   if (numRoots >= 0) {
1086     PetscCall(PetscSFBcastBegin(sf, MPIU_INT, points, points, MPI_SUM));
1087     PetscCall(PetscSFBcastEnd(sf, MPIU_INT, points, points, MPI_SUM));
1088   }
1089   for (PetscInt c = cStart; c < cEnd; ++c) {
1090     const PetscInt cell = cells ? cells[c] : c;
1091 
1092     if (points[cell] && !PetscBTLookup(flippedCells, c - cStart)) {
1093       PetscCall(DMPlexOrientPoint(dm, cell, -1));
1094       if (view) PetscCall(PetscViewerASCIISynchronizedPrintf(v, "[%d]Flipping cell %" PetscInt_FMT " through overlap\n", rank, cell));
1095     }
1096   }
1097   if (view) {
1098     PetscCall(PetscViewerFlush(v));
1099     PetscCall(PetscViewerASCIIPopSynchronized(v));
1100   }
1101   PetscCall(PetscFree(points));
1102   PetscCall(PetscBTDestroy(&flippedCells));
1103   PetscCall(PetscFree2(numNeighbors, neighbors));
1104   PetscCall(PetscFree3(rorntComp, lorntComp, locSupp));
1105   PetscCall(PetscFree2(cellComp, faceComp));
1106   PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
1107 }
1108