mat/interface/matrix.c

/*
   This is where the abstract matrix operations are defined
   Portions of this code are under:
   Copyright (c) 2022 Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. All rights reserved.
*/

#include <petsc/private/matimpl.h> /*I "petscmat.h" I*/
#include <petsc/private/isimpl.h>
#include <petsc/private/vecimpl.h>

/* Logging support */
PetscClassId MAT_CLASSID;
PetscClassId MAT_COLORING_CLASSID;
PetscClassId MAT_FDCOLORING_CLASSID;
PetscClassId MAT_TRANSPOSECOLORING_CLASSID;

PetscLogEvent MAT_Mult, MAT_Mults, MAT_MultAdd, MAT_MultTranspose;
PetscLogEvent MAT_MultTransposeAdd, MAT_Solve, MAT_Solves, MAT_SolveAdd, MAT_SolveTranspose, MAT_MatSolve, MAT_MatTrSolve;
PetscLogEvent MAT_SolveTransposeAdd, MAT_SOR, MAT_ForwardSolve, MAT_BackwardSolve, MAT_LUFactor, MAT_LUFactorSymbolic;
PetscLogEvent MAT_LUFactorNumeric, MAT_CholeskyFactor, MAT_CholeskyFactorSymbolic, MAT_CholeskyFactorNumeric, MAT_ILUFactor;
PetscLogEvent MAT_ILUFactorSymbolic, MAT_ICCFactorSymbolic, MAT_Copy, MAT_Convert, MAT_Scale, MAT_AssemblyBegin;
PetscLogEvent MAT_QRFactorNumeric, MAT_QRFactorSymbolic, MAT_QRFactor;
PetscLogEvent MAT_AssemblyEnd, MAT_SetValues, MAT_GetValues, MAT_GetRow, MAT_GetRowIJ, MAT_CreateSubMats, MAT_GetOrdering, MAT_RedundantMat, MAT_GetSeqNonzeroStructure;
PetscLogEvent MAT_IncreaseOverlap, MAT_Partitioning, MAT_PartitioningND, MAT_Coarsen, MAT_ZeroEntries, MAT_Load, MAT_View, MAT_AXPY, MAT_FDColoringCreate;
PetscLogEvent MAT_FDColoringSetUp, MAT_FDColoringApply, MAT_Transpose, MAT_FDColoringFunction, MAT_CreateSubMat;
PetscLogEvent MAT_TransposeColoringCreate;
PetscLogEvent MAT_MatMult, MAT_MatMultSymbolic, MAT_MatMultNumeric;
PetscLogEvent MAT_PtAP, MAT_PtAPSymbolic, MAT_PtAPNumeric, MAT_RARt, MAT_RARtSymbolic, MAT_RARtNumeric;
PetscLogEvent MAT_MatTransposeMult, MAT_MatTransposeMultSymbolic, MAT_MatTransposeMultNumeric;
PetscLogEvent MAT_TransposeMatMult, MAT_TransposeMatMultSymbolic, MAT_TransposeMatMultNumeric;
PetscLogEvent MAT_MatMatMult, MAT_MatMatMultSymbolic, MAT_MatMatMultNumeric;
PetscLogEvent MAT_MultHermitianTranspose, MAT_MultHermitianTransposeAdd;
PetscLogEvent MAT_Getsymtranspose, MAT_Getsymtransreduced, MAT_GetBrowsOfAcols;
PetscLogEvent MAT_GetBrowsOfAocols, MAT_Getlocalmat, MAT_Getlocalmatcondensed, MAT_Seqstompi, MAT_Seqstompinum, MAT_Seqstompisym;
PetscLogEvent MAT_Applypapt, MAT_Applypapt_numeric, MAT_Applypapt_symbolic, MAT_GetSequentialNonzeroStructure;
PetscLogEvent MAT_GetMultiProcBlock;
PetscLogEvent MAT_CUSPARSECopyToGPU, MAT_CUSPARSECopyFromGPU, MAT_CUSPARSEGenerateTranspose, MAT_CUSPARSESolveAnalysis;
PetscLogEvent MAT_HIPSPARSECopyToGPU, MAT_HIPSPARSECopyFromGPU, MAT_HIPSPARSEGenerateTranspose, MAT_HIPSPARSESolveAnalysis;
PetscLogEvent MAT_PreallCOO, MAT_SetVCOO;
PetscLogEvent MAT_SetValuesBatch;
PetscLogEvent MAT_ViennaCLCopyToGPU;
PetscLogEvent MAT_DenseCopyToGPU, MAT_DenseCopyFromGPU;
PetscLogEvent MAT_Merge, MAT_Residual, MAT_SetRandom;
PetscLogEvent MAT_FactorFactS, MAT_FactorInvS;
PetscLogEvent MATCOLORING_Apply, MATCOLORING_Comm, MATCOLORING_Local, MATCOLORING_ISCreate, MATCOLORING_SetUp, MATCOLORING_Weights;
PetscLogEvent MAT_H2Opus_Build, MAT_H2Opus_Compress, MAT_H2Opus_Orthog, MAT_H2Opus_LR;

const char *const MatFactorTypes[] = {"NONE", "LU", "CHOLESKY", "ILU", "ICC", "ILUDT", "QR", "MatFactorType", "MAT_FACTOR_", NULL};

/*@
   MatSetRandom - Sets all components of a matrix to random numbers.

   Logically Collective

   Input Parameters:
+  x  - the matrix
-  rctx - the `PetscRandom` object, formed by `PetscRandomCreate()`, or `NULL` and
          it will create one internally.

   Output Parameter:
.  x  - the matrix

   Example:
.vb
     PetscRandomCreate(PETSC_COMM_WORLD,&rctx);
     MatSetRandom(x,rctx);
     PetscRandomDestroy(rctx);
.ve

   Level: intermediate

   Notes:
   For sparse matrices that have been preallocated but not been assembled it randomly selects appropriate locations,

   for sparse matrices that already have locations it fills the locations with random numbers.

   It generates an error if used on sparse matrices that have not been preallocated.

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `PetscRandom`, `PetscRandomCreate()`, `MatZeroEntries()`, `MatSetValues()`, `PetscRandomCreate()`, `PetscRandomDestroy()`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatSetRandom(Mat x, PetscRandom rctx)
{
  PetscRandom randObj = NULL;

  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(x, MAT_CLASSID, 1);
  if (rctx) PetscValidHeaderSpecific(rctx, PETSC_RANDOM_CLASSID, 2);
  PetscValidType(x, 1);
  MatCheckPreallocated(x, 1);

  if (!rctx) {
    MPI_Comm comm;
    PetscCall(PetscObjectGetComm((PetscObject)x, &comm));
    PetscCall(PetscRandomCreate(comm, &randObj));
    PetscCall(PetscRandomSetType(randObj, x->defaultrandtype));
    PetscCall(PetscRandomSetFromOptions(randObj));
    rctx = randObj;
  }
  PetscCall(PetscLogEventBegin(MAT_SetRandom, x, rctx, 0, 0));
  PetscUseTypeMethod(x, setrandom, rctx);
  PetscCall(PetscLogEventEnd(MAT_SetRandom, x, rctx, 0, 0));

  PetscCall(MatAssemblyBegin(x, MAT_FINAL_ASSEMBLY));
  PetscCall(MatAssemblyEnd(x, MAT_FINAL_ASSEMBLY));
  PetscCall(PetscRandomDestroy(&randObj));
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@
   MatFactorGetErrorZeroPivot - returns the pivot value that was determined to be zero and the row it occurred in

   Logically Collective

   Input Parameter:
.  mat - the factored matrix

   Output Parameters:
+  pivot - the pivot value computed
-  row - the row that the zero pivot occurred. This row value must be interpreted carefully due to row reorderings and which processes
         the share the matrix

   Level: advanced

   Notes:
    This routine does not work for factorizations done with external packages.

    This routine should only be called if `MatGetFactorError()` returns a value of `MAT_FACTOR_NUMERIC_ZEROPIVOT`

    This can also be called on non-factored matrices that come from, for example, matrices used in SOR.

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `MatZeroEntries()`, `MatFactor()`, `MatGetFactor()`, `MatLUFactorSymbolic()`, `MatCholeskyFactorSymbolic()`, `MatFactorClearError()`, `MatFactorGetErrorZeroPivot()`,
          `MAT_FACTOR_NUMERIC_ZEROPIVOT`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatFactorGetErrorZeroPivot(Mat mat, PetscReal *pivot, PetscInt *row)
{
  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(mat, MAT_CLASSID, 1);
  PetscValidRealPointer(pivot, 2);
  PetscValidIntPointer(row, 3);
  *pivot = mat->factorerror_zeropivot_value;
  *row   = mat->factorerror_zeropivot_row;
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@
   MatFactorGetError - gets the error code from a factorization

   Logically Collective

   Input Parameters:
.  mat - the factored matrix

   Output Parameter:
.  err  - the error code

   Level: advanced

   Note:
    This can also be called on non-factored matrices that come from, for example, matrices used in SOR.

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `MatZeroEntries()`, `MatFactor()`, `MatGetFactor()`, `MatLUFactorSymbolic()`, `MatCholeskyFactorSymbolic()`,
          `MatFactorClearError()`, `MatFactorGetErrorZeroPivot()`, `MatFactorError`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatFactorGetError(Mat mat, MatFactorError *err)
{
  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(mat, MAT_CLASSID, 1);
  PetscValidPointer(err, 2);
  *err = mat->factorerrortype;
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@
   MatFactorClearError - clears the error code in a factorization

   Logically Collective

   Input Parameter:
.  mat - the factored matrix

   Level: developer

   Note:
    This can also be called on non-factored matrices that come from, for example, matrices used in SOR.

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `MatZeroEntries()`, `MatFactor()`, `MatGetFactor()`, `MatLUFactorSymbolic()`, `MatCholeskyFactorSymbolic()`, `MatFactorGetError()`, `MatFactorGetErrorZeroPivot()`,
          `MatGetErrorCode()`, `MatFactorError`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatFactorClearError(Mat mat)
{
  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(mat, MAT_CLASSID, 1);
  mat->factorerrortype             = MAT_FACTOR_NOERROR;
  mat->factorerror_zeropivot_value = 0.0;
  mat->factorerror_zeropivot_row   = 0;
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

PETSC_INTERN PetscErrorCode MatFindNonzeroRowsOrCols_Basic(Mat mat, PetscBool cols, PetscReal tol, IS *nonzero)
{
  Vec                r, l;
  const PetscScalar *al;
  PetscInt           i, nz, gnz, N, n;

  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscCall(MatCreateVecs(mat, &r, &l));
  if (!cols) { /* nonzero rows */
    PetscCall(MatGetSize(mat, &N, NULL));
    PetscCall(MatGetLocalSize(mat, &n, NULL));
    PetscCall(VecSet(l, 0.0));
    PetscCall(VecSetRandom(r, NULL));
    PetscCall(MatMult(mat, r, l));
    PetscCall(VecGetArrayRead(l, &al));
  } else { /* nonzero columns */
    PetscCall(MatGetSize(mat, NULL, &N));
    PetscCall(MatGetLocalSize(mat, NULL, &n));
    PetscCall(VecSet(r, 0.0));
    PetscCall(VecSetRandom(l, NULL));
    PetscCall(MatMultTranspose(mat, l, r));
    PetscCall(VecGetArrayRead(r, &al));
  }
  if (tol <= 0.0) {
    for (i = 0, nz = 0; i < n; i++)
      if (al[i] != 0.0) nz++;
  } else {
    for (i = 0, nz = 0; i < n; i++)
      if (PetscAbsScalar(al[i]) > tol) nz++;
  }
  PetscCall(MPIU_Allreduce(&nz, &gnz, 1, MPIU_INT, MPI_SUM, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat)));
  if (gnz != N) {
    PetscInt *nzr;
    PetscCall(PetscMalloc1(nz, &nzr));
    if (nz) {
      if (tol < 0) {
        for (i = 0, nz = 0; i < n; i++)
          if (al[i] != 0.0) nzr[nz++] = i;
      } else {
        for (i = 0, nz = 0; i < n; i++)
          if (PetscAbsScalar(al[i]) > tol) nzr[nz++] = i;
      }
    }
    PetscCall(ISCreateGeneral(PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), nz, nzr, PETSC_OWN_POINTER, nonzero));
  } else *nonzero = NULL;
  if (!cols) { /* nonzero rows */
    PetscCall(VecRestoreArrayRead(l, &al));
  } else {
    PetscCall(VecRestoreArrayRead(r, &al));
  }
  PetscCall(VecDestroy(&l));
  PetscCall(VecDestroy(&r));
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@
      MatFindNonzeroRows - Locate all rows that are not completely zero in the matrix

  Input Parameter:
.    A  - the matrix

  Output Parameter:
.    keptrows - the rows that are not completely zero

  Level: intermediate

  Note:
    `keptrows` is set to `NULL` if all rows are nonzero.

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `MatFindZeroRows()`
 @*/
PetscErrorCode MatFindNonzeroRows(Mat mat, IS *keptrows)
{
  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(mat, MAT_CLASSID, 1);
  PetscValidType(mat, 1);
  PetscValidPointer(keptrows, 2);
  PetscCheck(mat->assembled, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONGSTATE, "Not for unassembled matrix");
  PetscCheck(!mat->factortype, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONGSTATE, "Not for factored matrix");
  if (mat->ops->findnonzerorows) PetscUseTypeMethod(mat, findnonzerorows, keptrows);
  else PetscCall(MatFindNonzeroRowsOrCols_Basic(mat, PETSC_FALSE, 0.0, keptrows));
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@
      MatFindZeroRows - Locate all rows that are completely zero in the matrix

  Input Parameter:
.    A  - the matrix

  Output Parameter:
.    zerorows - the rows that are completely zero

  Level: intermediate

  Note:
    `zerorows` is set to `NULL` if no rows are zero.

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `MatFindNonzeroRows()`
 @*/
PetscErrorCode MatFindZeroRows(Mat mat, IS *zerorows)
{
  IS       keptrows;
  PetscInt m, n;

  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(mat, MAT_CLASSID, 1);
  PetscValidType(mat, 1);
  PetscValidPointer(zerorows, 2);
  PetscCall(MatFindNonzeroRows(mat, &keptrows));
  /* MatFindNonzeroRows sets keptrows to NULL if there are no zero rows.
     In keeping with this convention, we set zerorows to NULL if there are no zero
     rows. */
  if (keptrows == NULL) {
    *zerorows = NULL;
  } else {
    PetscCall(MatGetOwnershipRange(mat, &m, &n));
    PetscCall(ISComplement(keptrows, m, n, zerorows));
    PetscCall(ISDestroy(&keptrows));
  }
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@
   MatGetDiagonalBlock - Returns the part of the matrix associated with the on-process coupling

   Not Collective

   Input Parameters:
.   A - the matrix

   Output Parameters:
.   a - the diagonal part (which is a SEQUENTIAL matrix)

   Level: advanced

   Notes:
   See `MatCreateAIJ()` for more information on the "diagonal part" of the matrix.

   Use caution, as the reference count on the returned matrix is not incremented and it is used as part of `A`'s normal operation.

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `MatCreateAIJ()`, `MATAIJ`, `MATBAIJ`, `MATSBAIJ`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatGetDiagonalBlock(Mat A, Mat *a)
{
  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(A, MAT_CLASSID, 1);
  PetscValidType(A, 1);
  PetscValidPointer(a, 2);
  PetscCheck(!A->factortype, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)A), PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONGSTATE, "Not for factored matrix");
  if (A->ops->getdiagonalblock) PetscUseTypeMethod(A, getdiagonalblock, a);
  else {
    PetscMPIInt size;

    PetscCallMPI(MPI_Comm_size(PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)A), &size));
    PetscCheck(size == 1, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)A), PETSC_ERR_SUP, "Not for parallel matrix type %s", ((PetscObject)A)->type_name);
    *a = A;
  }
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@
   MatGetTrace - Gets the trace of a matrix. The sum of the diagonal entries.

   Collective

   Input Parameters:
.  mat - the matrix

   Output Parameter:
.   trace - the sum of the diagonal entries

   Level: advanced

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatGetTrace(Mat mat, PetscScalar *trace)
{
  Vec diag;

  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(mat, MAT_CLASSID, 1);
  PetscValidScalarPointer(trace, 2);
  PetscCall(MatCreateVecs(mat, &diag, NULL));
  PetscCall(MatGetDiagonal(mat, diag));
  PetscCall(VecSum(diag, trace));
  PetscCall(VecDestroy(&diag));
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@
   MatRealPart - Zeros out the imaginary part of the matrix

   Logically Collective

   Input Parameters:
.  mat - the matrix

   Level: advanced

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `MatImaginaryPart()`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatRealPart(Mat mat)
{
  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(mat, MAT_CLASSID, 1);
  PetscValidType(mat, 1);
  PetscCheck(mat->assembled, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONGSTATE, "Not for unassembled matrix");
  PetscCheck(!mat->factortype, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONGSTATE, "Not for factored matrix");
  MatCheckPreallocated(mat, 1);
  PetscUseTypeMethod(mat, realpart);
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@C
   MatGetGhosts - Get the global indices of all ghost nodes defined by the sparse matrix

   Collective

   Input Parameter:
.  mat - the matrix

   Output Parameters:
+   nghosts - number of ghosts (for `MATBAIJ` and `MATSBAIJ` matrices there is one ghost for each block)
-   ghosts - the global indices of the ghost points

   Level: advanced

   Note:
   `nghosts` and `ghosts` are suitable to pass into `VecCreateGhost()`

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `VecCreateGhost()`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatGetGhosts(Mat mat, PetscInt *nghosts, const PetscInt *ghosts[])
{
  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(mat, MAT_CLASSID, 1);
  PetscValidType(mat, 1);
  PetscCheck(mat->assembled, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONGSTATE, "Not for unassembled matrix");
  PetscCheck(!mat->factortype, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONGSTATE, "Not for factored matrix");
  if (mat->ops->getghosts) PetscUseTypeMethod(mat, getghosts, nghosts, ghosts);
  else {
    if (nghosts) *nghosts = 0;
    if (ghosts) *ghosts = NULL;
  }
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@
   MatImaginaryPart - Moves the imaginary part of the matrix to the real part and zeros the imaginary part

   Logically Collective

   Input Parameters:
.  mat - the matrix

   Level: advanced

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `MatRealPart()`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatImaginaryPart(Mat mat)
{
  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(mat, MAT_CLASSID, 1);
  PetscValidType(mat, 1);
  PetscCheck(mat->assembled, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONGSTATE, "Not for unassembled matrix");
  PetscCheck(!mat->factortype, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONGSTATE, "Not for factored matrix");
  MatCheckPreallocated(mat, 1);
  PetscUseTypeMethod(mat, imaginarypart);
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@
   MatMissingDiagonal - Determine if sparse matrix is missing a diagonal entry (or block entry for `MATBAIJ` and `MATSBAIJ` matrices)

   Not Collective

   Input Parameter:
.  mat - the matrix

   Output Parameters:
+  missing - is any diagonal missing
-  dd - first diagonal entry that is missing (optional) on this process

   Level: advanced

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatMissingDiagonal(Mat mat, PetscBool *missing, PetscInt *dd)
{
  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(mat, MAT_CLASSID, 1);
  PetscValidType(mat, 1);
  PetscValidBoolPointer(missing, 2);
  PetscCheck(mat->assembled, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONGSTATE, "Not for unassembled matrix %s", ((PetscObject)mat)->type_name);
  PetscCheck(!mat->factortype, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONGSTATE, "Not for factored matrix");
  PetscUseTypeMethod(mat, missingdiagonal, missing, dd);
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@C
   MatGetRow - Gets a row of a matrix.  You MUST call `MatRestoreRow()`
   for each row that you get to ensure that your application does
   not bleed memory.

   Not Collective

   Input Parameters:
+  mat - the matrix
-  row - the row to get

   Output Parameters:
+  ncols -  if not `NULL`, the number of nonzeros in the row
.  cols - if not `NULL`, the column numbers
-  vals - if not `NULL`, the values

   Level: advanced

   Notes:
   This routine is provided for people who need to have direct access
   to the structure of a matrix.  We hope that we provide enough
   high-level matrix routines that few users will need it.

   `MatGetRow()` always returns 0-based column indices, regardless of
   whether the internal representation is 0-based (default) or 1-based.

   For better efficiency, set cols and/or vals to `NULL` if you do
   not wish to extract these quantities.

   The user can only examine the values extracted with `MatGetRow()`;
   the values cannot be altered.  To change the matrix entries, one
   must use `MatSetValues()`.

   You can only have one call to `MatGetRow()` outstanding for a particular
   matrix at a time, per processor. `MatGetRow()` can only obtain rows
   associated with the given processor, it cannot get rows from the
   other processors; for that we suggest using `MatCreateSubMatrices()`, then
   MatGetRow() on the submatrix. The row index passed to `MatGetRow()`
   is in the global number of rows.

   Use `MatGetRowIJ()` and `MatRestoreRowIJ()` to access all the local indices of the sparse matrix.

   Use `MatSeqAIJGetArray()` and similar functions to access the numerical values for certain matrix types directly.

   Fortran Note:
   The calling sequence is
.vb
   MatGetRow(matrix,row,ncols,cols,values,ierr)
         Mat     matrix (input)
         integer row    (input)
         integer ncols  (output)
         integer cols(maxcols) (output)
         double precision (or double complex) values(maxcols) output
.ve
   where maxcols >= maximum nonzeros in any row of the matrix.

   Caution:
   Do not try to change the contents of the output arrays (cols and vals).
   In some cases, this may corrupt the matrix.

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `MatRestoreRow()`, `MatSetValues()`, `MatGetValues()`, `MatCreateSubMatrices()`, `MatGetDiagonal()`, `MatGetRowIJ()`, `MatRestoreRowIJ()`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatGetRow(Mat mat, PetscInt row, PetscInt *ncols, const PetscInt *cols[], const PetscScalar *vals[])
{
  PetscInt incols;

  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(mat, MAT_CLASSID, 1);
  PetscValidType(mat, 1);
  PetscCheck(mat->assembled, PETSC_COMM_SELF, PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONGSTATE, "Not for unassembled matrix");
  PetscCheck(!mat->factortype, PETSC_COMM_SELF, PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONGSTATE, "Not for factored matrix");
  MatCheckPreallocated(mat, 1);
  PetscCheck(row >= mat->rmap->rstart && row < mat->rmap->rend, PETSC_COMM_SELF, PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONGSTATE, "Only for local rows, %" PetscInt_FMT " not in [%" PetscInt_FMT ",%" PetscInt_FMT ")", row, mat->rmap->rstart, mat->rmap->rend);
  PetscCall(PetscLogEventBegin(MAT_GetRow, mat, 0, 0, 0));
  PetscCall((*mat->ops->getrow)(mat, row, &incols, (PetscInt **)cols, (PetscScalar **)vals));
  if (ncols) *ncols = incols;
  PetscCall(PetscLogEventEnd(MAT_GetRow, mat, 0, 0, 0));
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@
   MatConjugate - replaces the matrix values with their complex conjugates

   Logically Collective

   Input Parameters:
.  mat - the matrix

   Level: advanced

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `MatRealPart()`, `MatImaginaryPart()`, `VecConjugate()`, `MatTranspose()`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatConjugate(Mat mat)
{
  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(mat, MAT_CLASSID, 1);
  PetscCheck(mat->assembled, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONGSTATE, "Not for unassembled matrix");
  if (PetscDefined(USE_COMPLEX) && mat->hermitian != PETSC_BOOL3_TRUE) {
    PetscUseTypeMethod(mat, conjugate);
    PetscCall(PetscObjectStateIncrease((PetscObject)mat));
  }
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@C
   MatRestoreRow - Frees any temporary space allocated by `MatGetRow()`.

   Not Collective

   Input Parameters:
+  mat - the matrix
.  row - the row to get
.  ncols, cols - the number of nonzeros and their columns
-  vals - if nonzero the column values

   Level: advanced

   Notes:
   This routine should be called after you have finished examining the entries.

   This routine zeros out `ncols`, `cols`, and `vals`. This is to prevent accidental
   us of the array after it has been restored. If you pass `NULL`, it will
   not zero the pointers.  Use of `cols` or `vals` after `MatRestoreRow()` is invalid.

   Fortran Notes:
   The calling sequence is
.vb
   MatRestoreRow(matrix,row,ncols,cols,values,ierr)
      Mat     matrix (input)
      integer row    (input)
      integer ncols  (output)
      integer cols(maxcols) (output)
      double precision (or double complex) values(maxcols) output
.ve
   Where maxcols >= maximum nonzeros in any row of the matrix.

   In Fortran `MatRestoreRow()` MUST be called after `MatGetRow()`
   before another call to `MatGetRow()` can be made.

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `MatGetRow()`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatRestoreRow(Mat mat, PetscInt row, PetscInt *ncols, const PetscInt *cols[], const PetscScalar *vals[])
{
  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(mat, MAT_CLASSID, 1);
  if (ncols) PetscValidIntPointer(ncols, 3);
  PetscCheck(mat->assembled, PETSC_COMM_SELF, PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONGSTATE, "Not for unassembled matrix");
  if (!mat->ops->restorerow) PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
  PetscCall((*mat->ops->restorerow)(mat, row, ncols, (PetscInt **)cols, (PetscScalar **)vals));
  if (ncols) *ncols = 0;
  if (cols) *cols = NULL;
  if (vals) *vals = NULL;
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@
   MatGetRowUpperTriangular - Sets a flag to enable calls to `MatGetRow()` for matrix in `MATSBAIJ` format.
   You should call `MatRestoreRowUpperTriangular()` after calling` MatGetRow()` and `MatRestoreRow()` to disable the flag.

   Not Collective

   Input Parameters:
.  mat - the matrix

   Level: advanced

   Note:
   The flag is to ensure that users are aware that `MatGetRow()` only provides the upper triangular part of the row for the matrices in `MATSBAIJ` format.

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `MATSBAIJ`, `MatRestoreRowUpperTriangular()`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatGetRowUpperTriangular(Mat mat)
{
  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(mat, MAT_CLASSID, 1);
  PetscValidType(mat, 1);
  PetscCheck(mat->assembled, PETSC_COMM_SELF, PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONGSTATE, "Not for unassembled matrix");
  PetscCheck(!mat->factortype, PETSC_COMM_SELF, PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONGSTATE, "Not for factored matrix");
  MatCheckPreallocated(mat, 1);
  if (!mat->ops->getrowuppertriangular) PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
  PetscUseTypeMethod(mat, getrowuppertriangular);
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@
   MatRestoreRowUpperTriangular - Disable calls to `MatGetRow()` for matrix in `MATSBAIJ` format.

   Not Collective

   Input Parameters:
.  mat - the matrix

   Level: advanced

   Note:
   This routine should be called after you have finished calls to `MatGetRow()` and `MatRestoreRow()`.

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `MATSBAIJ`, `MatGetRowUpperTriangular()`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatRestoreRowUpperTriangular(Mat mat)
{
  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(mat, MAT_CLASSID, 1);
  PetscValidType(mat, 1);
  PetscCheck(mat->assembled, PETSC_COMM_SELF, PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONGSTATE, "Not for unassembled matrix");
  PetscCheck(!mat->factortype, PETSC_COMM_SELF, PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONGSTATE, "Not for factored matrix");
  MatCheckPreallocated(mat, 1);
  if (!mat->ops->restorerowuppertriangular) PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
  PetscUseTypeMethod(mat, restorerowuppertriangular);
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@C
   MatSetOptionsPrefix - Sets the prefix used for searching for all
   `Mat` options in the database.

   Logically Collective

   Input Parameters:
+  A - the matrix
-  prefix - the prefix to prepend to all option names

   Level: advanced

   Notes:
   A hyphen (-) must NOT be given at the beginning of the prefix name.
   The first character of all runtime options is AUTOMATICALLY the hyphen.

   This is NOT used for options for the factorization of the matrix. Normally the
   prefix is automatically passed in from the PC calling the factorization. To set
   it directly use  `MatSetOptionsPrefixFactor()`

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `MatSetFromOptions()`, `MatSetOptionsPrefixFactor()`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatSetOptionsPrefix(Mat A, const char prefix[])
{
  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(A, MAT_CLASSID, 1);
  PetscCall(PetscObjectSetOptionsPrefix((PetscObject)A, prefix));
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@C
   MatSetOptionsPrefixFactor - Sets the prefix used for searching for all matrix factor options in the database for
   for matrices created with `MatGetFactor()`

   Logically Collective

   Input Parameters:
+  A - the matrix
-  prefix - the prefix to prepend to all option names for the factored matrix

   Level: developer

   Notes:
   A hyphen (-) must NOT be given at the beginning of the prefix name.
   The first character of all runtime options is AUTOMATICALLY the hyphen.

   Normally the prefix is automatically passed in from the `PC` calling the factorization. To set
   it directly when not using `KSP`/`PC` use  `MatSetOptionsPrefixFactor()`

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`,   [Matrix Factorization](sec_matfactor), `MatGetFactor()`, `MatSetFromOptions()`, `MatSetOptionsPrefix()`, `MatAppendOptionsPrefixFactor()`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatSetOptionsPrefixFactor(Mat A, const char prefix[])
{
  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(A, MAT_CLASSID, 1);
  if (prefix) {
    PetscValidCharPointer(prefix, 2);
    PetscCheck(prefix[0] != '-', PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)A), PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONG, "Options prefix should not begin with a hyphen");
    if (prefix != A->factorprefix) {
      PetscCall(PetscFree(A->factorprefix));
      PetscCall(PetscStrallocpy(prefix, &A->factorprefix));
    }
  } else PetscCall(PetscFree(A->factorprefix));
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@C
   MatAppendOptionsPrefixFactor - Appends to the prefix used for searching for all matrix factor options in the database for
   for matrices created with `MatGetFactor()`

   Logically Collective

   Input Parameters:
+  A - the matrix
-  prefix - the prefix to prepend to all option names for the factored matrix

   Level: developer

   Notes:
   A hyphen (-) must NOT be given at the beginning of the prefix name.
   The first character of all runtime options is AUTOMATICALLY the hyphen.

   Normally the prefix is automatically passed in from the `PC` calling the factorization. To set
   it directly when not using `KSP`/`PC` use  `MatAppendOptionsPrefixFactor()`

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, [Matrix Factorization](sec_matfactor), `MatGetFactor()`, PetscOptionsCreate()`, `PetscOptionsDestroy()`, `PetscObjectSetOptionsPrefix()`, `PetscObjectPrependOptionsPrefix()`,
          `PetscObjectGetOptionsPrefix()`, `TSAppendOptionsPrefix()`, `SNESAppendOptionsPrefix()`, `KSPAppendOptionsPrefix()`, `MatSetOptionsPrefixFactor()`,
          `MatSetOptionsPrefix()`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatAppendOptionsPrefixFactor(Mat A, const char prefix[])
{
  char  *buf = A->factorprefix;
  size_t len1, len2;

  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidHeader(A, 1);
  if (!prefix) PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
  if (!buf) {
    PetscCall(MatSetOptionsPrefixFactor(A, prefix));
    PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
  }
  PetscCheck(prefix[0] != '-', PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)A), PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONG, "Options prefix should not begin with a hyphen");

  PetscCall(PetscStrlen(prefix, &len1));
  PetscCall(PetscStrlen(buf, &len2));
  PetscCall(PetscMalloc1(1 + len1 + len2, &A->factorprefix));
  PetscCall(PetscStrcpy(A->factorprefix, buf));
  PetscCall(PetscStrcat(A->factorprefix, prefix));
  PetscCall(PetscFree(buf));
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@C
   MatAppendOptionsPrefix - Appends to the prefix used for searching for all
   matrix options in the database.

   Logically Collective

   Input Parameters:
+  A - the matrix
-  prefix - the prefix to prepend to all option names

   Level: advanced

   Note:
   A hyphen (-) must NOT be given at the beginning of the prefix name.
   The first character of all runtime options is AUTOMATICALLY the hyphen.

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `MatGetOptionsPrefix()`, `MatAppendOptionsPrefixFactor()`, `MatSetOptionsPrefix()`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatAppendOptionsPrefix(Mat A, const char prefix[])
{
  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(A, MAT_CLASSID, 1);
  PetscCall(PetscObjectAppendOptionsPrefix((PetscObject)A, prefix));
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@C
   MatGetOptionsPrefix - Gets the prefix used for searching for all
   matrix options in the database.

   Not Collective

   Input Parameter:
.  A - the matrix

   Output Parameter:
.  prefix - pointer to the prefix string used

   Level: advanced

   Fortran Note:
   The user should pass in a string `prefix` of
   sufficient length to hold the prefix.

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `MatAppendOptionsPrefix()`, `MatSetOptionsPrefix()`, `MatAppendOptionsPrefixFactor()`, `MatSetOptionsPrefixFactor()`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatGetOptionsPrefix(Mat A, const char *prefix[])
{
  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(A, MAT_CLASSID, 1);
  PetscValidPointer(prefix, 2);
  PetscCall(PetscObjectGetOptionsPrefix((PetscObject)A, prefix));
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@
   MatResetPreallocation - Reset matrix to use the original nonzero pattern provided by users.

   Collective

   Input Parameters:
.  A - the matrix

   Level: beginner

   Notes:
   The allocated memory will be shrunk after calling `MatAssemblyBegin()` and `MatAssemblyEnd()` with `MAT_FINAL_ASSEMBLY`.

   Users can reset the preallocation to access the original memory.

   Currently only supported for  `MATAIJ` matrices.

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `MatSeqAIJSetPreallocation()`, `MatMPIAIJSetPreallocation()`, `MatXAIJSetPreallocation()`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatResetPreallocation(Mat A)
{
  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(A, MAT_CLASSID, 1);
  PetscValidType(A, 1);
  PetscUseMethod(A, "MatResetPreallocation_C", (Mat), (A));
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@
   MatSetUp - Sets up the internal matrix data structures for later use.

   Collective

   Input Parameters:
.  A - the matrix

   Level: intermediate

   Notes:
   If the user has not set preallocation for this matrix then an efficient algorithm will be used for the first round of
   setting values in the matrix.

   If a suitable preallocation routine is used, this function does not need to be called.

   This routine is called internally by other matrix functions when needed so rarely needs to be called by users

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `MatMult()`, `MatCreate()`, `MatDestroy()`, `MatXAIJSetPreallocation()`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatSetUp(Mat A)
{
  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(A, MAT_CLASSID, 1);
  if (!((PetscObject)A)->type_name) {
    PetscMPIInt size;

    PetscCallMPI(MPI_Comm_size(PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)A), &size));
    PetscCall(MatSetType(A, size == 1 ? MATSEQAIJ : MATMPIAIJ));
  }
  if (!A->preallocated) PetscTryTypeMethod(A, setup);
  PetscCall(PetscLayoutSetUp(A->rmap));
  PetscCall(PetscLayoutSetUp(A->cmap));
  A->preallocated = PETSC_TRUE;
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

#if defined(PETSC_HAVE_SAWS)
  #include <petscviewersaws.h>
#endif

/*@C
   MatViewFromOptions - View properties of the matrix based on options set in the options database

   Collective

   Input Parameters:
+  A - the matrix
.  obj - optional additional object that provides the options prefix to use
-  name - command line option

  Options Database Key:
.  -mat_view [viewertype]:... - the viewer and its options

   Level: intermediate

  Notes:
.vb
    If no value is provided ascii:stdout is used
       ascii[:[filename][:[format][:append]]]    defaults to stdout - format can be one of ascii_info, ascii_info_detail, or ascii_matlab,
                                                  for example ascii::ascii_info prints just the information about the object not all details
                                                  unless :append is given filename opens in write mode, overwriting what was already there
       binary[:[filename][:[format][:append]]]   defaults to the file binaryoutput
       draw[:drawtype[:filename]]                for example, draw:tikz, draw:tikz:figure.tex  or draw:x
       socket[:port]                             defaults to the standard output port
       saws[:communicatorname]                    publishes object to the Scientific Application Webserver (SAWs)
.ve

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `MatView()`, `PetscObjectViewFromOptions()`, `MatCreate()`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatViewFromOptions(Mat A, PetscObject obj, const char name[])
{
  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(A, MAT_CLASSID, 1);
  PetscCall(PetscObjectViewFromOptions((PetscObject)A, obj, name));
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@C
   MatView - display information about a matrix in a variety ways

   Collective

   Input Parameters:
+  mat - the matrix
-  viewer - visualization context

  Notes:
  The available visualization contexts include
+    `PETSC_VIEWER_STDOUT_SELF` - for sequential matrices
.    `PETSC_VIEWER_STDOUT_WORLD` - for parallel matrices created on `PETSC_COMM_WORLD`
.    `PETSC_VIEWER_STDOUT_`(comm) - for matrices created on MPI communicator comm
-     `PETSC_VIEWER_DRAW_WORLD` - graphical display of nonzero structure

   The user can open alternative visualization contexts with
+    `PetscViewerASCIIOpen()` - Outputs matrix to a specified file
.    `PetscViewerBinaryOpen()` - Outputs matrix in binary to a
         specified file; corresponding input uses MatLoad()
.    `PetscViewerDrawOpen()` - Outputs nonzero matrix structure to
         an X window display
-    `PetscViewerSocketOpen()` - Outputs matrix to Socket viewer.
         Currently only the sequential dense and AIJ
         matrix types support the Socket viewer.

   The user can call `PetscViewerPushFormat()` to specify the output
   format of ASCII printed objects (when using `PETSC_VIEWER_STDOUT_SELF`,
   `PETSC_VIEWER_STDOUT_WORLD` and `PetscViewerASCIIOpen()`).  Available formats include
+    `PETSC_VIEWER_DEFAULT` - default, prints matrix contents
.    `PETSC_VIEWER_ASCII_MATLAB` - prints matrix contents in Matlab format
.    `PETSC_VIEWER_ASCII_DENSE` - prints entire matrix including zeros
.    `PETSC_VIEWER_ASCII_COMMON` - prints matrix contents, using a sparse
         format common among all matrix types
.    `PETSC_VIEWER_ASCII_IMPL` - prints matrix contents, using an implementation-specific
         format (which is in many cases the same as the default)
.    `PETSC_VIEWER_ASCII_INFO` - prints basic information about the matrix
         size and structure (not the matrix entries)
-    `PETSC_VIEWER_ASCII_INFO_DETAIL` - prints more detailed information about
         the matrix structure

   Options Database Keys:
+  -mat_view ::ascii_info - Prints info on matrix at conclusion of `MatAssemblyEnd()`
.  -mat_view ::ascii_info_detail - Prints more detailed info
.  -mat_view - Prints matrix in ASCII format
.  -mat_view ::ascii_matlab - Prints matrix in Matlab format
.  -mat_view draw - PetscDraws nonzero structure of matrix, using `MatView()` and `PetscDrawOpenX()`.
.  -display <name> - Sets display name (default is host)
.  -draw_pause <sec> - Sets number of seconds to pause after display
.  -mat_view socket - Sends matrix to socket, can be accessed from Matlab (see Users-Manual: ch_matlab for details)
.  -viewer_socket_machine <machine> -
.  -viewer_socket_port <port> -
.  -mat_view binary - save matrix to file in binary format
-  -viewer_binary_filename <name> -

   Level: beginner

   Notes:
    The ASCII viewers are only recommended for small matrices on at most a moderate number of processes,
    the program will seemingly hang and take hours for larger matrices, for larger matrices one should use the binary format.

    In the debugger you can do "call MatView(mat,0)" to display the matrix. (The same holds for any PETSc object viewer).

    See the manual page for `MatLoad()` for the exact format of the binary file when the binary
      viewer is used.

      See share/petsc/matlab/PetscBinaryRead.m for a Matlab code that can read in the binary file when the binary
      viewer is used and lib/petsc/bin/PetscBinaryIO.py for loading them into Python.

      One can use '-mat_view draw -draw_pause -1' to pause the graphical display of matrix nonzero structure,
      and then use the following mouse functions.
.vb
  left mouse: zoom in
  middle mouse: zoom out
  right mouse: continue with the simulation
.ve

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `PetscViewerPushFormat()`, `PetscViewerASCIIOpen()`, `PetscViewerDrawOpen()`, `PetscViewer`,
          `PetscViewerSocketOpen()`, `PetscViewerBinaryOpen()`, `MatLoad()`, `MatViewFromOptions()`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatView(Mat mat, PetscViewer viewer)
{
  PetscInt          rows, cols, rbs, cbs;
  PetscBool         isascii, isstring, issaws;
  PetscViewerFormat format;
  PetscMPIInt       size;

  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(mat, MAT_CLASSID, 1);
  PetscValidType(mat, 1);
  if (!viewer) PetscCall(PetscViewerASCIIGetStdout(PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), &viewer));
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(viewer, PETSC_VIEWER_CLASSID, 2);
  PetscCheckSameComm(mat, 1, viewer, 2);

  PetscCall(PetscViewerGetFormat(viewer, &format));
  PetscCallMPI(MPI_Comm_size(PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), &size));
  if (size == 1 && format == PETSC_VIEWER_LOAD_BALANCE) PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);

  PetscCall(PetscObjectTypeCompare((PetscObject)viewer, PETSCVIEWERSTRING, &isstring));
  PetscCall(PetscObjectTypeCompare((PetscObject)viewer, PETSCVIEWERASCII, &isascii));
  PetscCall(PetscObjectTypeCompare((PetscObject)viewer, PETSCVIEWERSAWS, &issaws));
  PetscCheck((isascii && (format == PETSC_VIEWER_ASCII_INFO || format == PETSC_VIEWER_ASCII_INFO_DETAIL)) || !mat->factortype, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONGSTATE, "No viewers for factored matrix except ASCII, info, or info_detail");

  PetscCall(PetscLogEventBegin(MAT_View, mat, viewer, 0, 0));
  if (isascii) {
    if (!mat->preallocated) {
      PetscCall(PetscViewerASCIIPrintf(viewer, "Matrix has not been preallocated yet\n"));
      PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
    }
    if (!mat->assembled) {
      PetscCall(PetscViewerASCIIPrintf(viewer, "Matrix has not been assembled yet\n"));
      PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
    }
    PetscCall(PetscObjectPrintClassNamePrefixType((PetscObject)mat, viewer));
    if (format == PETSC_VIEWER_ASCII_INFO || format == PETSC_VIEWER_ASCII_INFO_DETAIL) {
      MatNullSpace nullsp, transnullsp;

      PetscCall(PetscViewerASCIIPushTab(viewer));
      PetscCall(MatGetSize(mat, &rows, &cols));
      PetscCall(MatGetBlockSizes(mat, &rbs, &cbs));
      if (rbs != 1 || cbs != 1) {
        if (rbs != cbs) PetscCall(PetscViewerASCIIPrintf(viewer, "rows=%" PetscInt_FMT ", cols=%" PetscInt_FMT ", rbs=%" PetscInt_FMT ", cbs=%" PetscInt_FMT "\n", rows, cols, rbs, cbs));
        else PetscCall(PetscViewerASCIIPrintf(viewer, "rows=%" PetscInt_FMT ", cols=%" PetscInt_FMT ", bs=%" PetscInt_FMT "\n", rows, cols, rbs));
      } else PetscCall(PetscViewerASCIIPrintf(viewer, "rows=%" PetscInt_FMT ", cols=%" PetscInt_FMT "\n", rows, cols));
      if (mat->factortype) {
        MatSolverType solver;
        PetscCall(MatFactorGetSolverType(mat, &solver));
        PetscCall(PetscViewerASCIIPrintf(viewer, "package used to perform factorization: %s\n", solver));
      }
      if (mat->ops->getinfo) {
        MatInfo info;
        PetscCall(MatGetInfo(mat, MAT_GLOBAL_SUM, &info));
        PetscCall(PetscViewerASCIIPrintf(viewer, "total: nonzeros=%.f, allocated nonzeros=%.f\n", info.nz_used, info.nz_allocated));
        if (!mat->factortype) PetscCall(PetscViewerASCIIPrintf(viewer, "total number of mallocs used during MatSetValues calls=%" PetscInt_FMT "\n", (PetscInt)info.mallocs));
      }
      PetscCall(MatGetNullSpace(mat, &nullsp));
      PetscCall(MatGetTransposeNullSpace(mat, &transnullsp));
      if (nullsp) PetscCall(PetscViewerASCIIPrintf(viewer, "  has attached null space\n"));
      if (transnullsp && transnullsp != nullsp) PetscCall(PetscViewerASCIIPrintf(viewer, "  has attached transposed null space\n"));
      PetscCall(MatGetNearNullSpace(mat, &nullsp));
      if (nullsp) PetscCall(PetscViewerASCIIPrintf(viewer, "  has attached near null space\n"));
      PetscCall(PetscViewerASCIIPushTab(viewer));
      PetscCall(MatProductView(mat, viewer));
      PetscCall(PetscViewerASCIIPopTab(viewer));
    }
  } else if (issaws) {
#if defined(PETSC_HAVE_SAWS)
    PetscMPIInt rank;

    PetscCall(PetscObjectName((PetscObject)mat));
    PetscCallMPI(MPI_Comm_rank(PETSC_COMM_WORLD, &rank));
    if (!((PetscObject)mat)->amsmem && rank == 0) PetscCall(PetscObjectViewSAWs((PetscObject)mat, viewer));
#endif
  } else if (isstring) {
    const char *type;
    PetscCall(MatGetType(mat, &type));
    PetscCall(PetscViewerStringSPrintf(viewer, " MatType: %-7.7s", type));
    PetscTryTypeMethod(mat, view, viewer);
  }
  if ((format == PETSC_VIEWER_NATIVE || format == PETSC_VIEWER_LOAD_BALANCE) && mat->ops->viewnative) {
    PetscCall(PetscViewerASCIIPushTab(viewer));
    PetscUseTypeMethod(mat, viewnative, viewer);
    PetscCall(PetscViewerASCIIPopTab(viewer));
  } else if (mat->ops->view) {
    PetscCall(PetscViewerASCIIPushTab(viewer));
    PetscUseTypeMethod(mat, view, viewer);
    PetscCall(PetscViewerASCIIPopTab(viewer));
  }
  if (isascii) {
    PetscCall(PetscViewerGetFormat(viewer, &format));
    if (format == PETSC_VIEWER_ASCII_INFO || format == PETSC_VIEWER_ASCII_INFO_DETAIL) PetscCall(PetscViewerASCIIPopTab(viewer));
  }
  PetscCall(PetscLogEventEnd(MAT_View, mat, viewer, 0, 0));
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

#if defined(PETSC_USE_DEBUG)
  #include <../src/sys/totalview/tv_data_display.h>
PETSC_UNUSED static int TV_display_type(const struct _p_Mat *mat)
{
  TV_add_row("Local rows", "int", &mat->rmap->n);
  TV_add_row("Local columns", "int", &mat->cmap->n);
  TV_add_row("Global rows", "int", &mat->rmap->N);
  TV_add_row("Global columns", "int", &mat->cmap->N);
  TV_add_row("Typename", TV_ascii_string_type, ((PetscObject)mat)->type_name);
  return TV_format_OK;
}
#endif

/*@C
   MatLoad - Loads a matrix that has been stored in binary/HDF5 format
   with `MatView()`.  The matrix format is determined from the options database.
   Generates a parallel MPI matrix if the communicator has more than one
   processor.  The default matrix type is `MATAIJ`.

   Collective

   Input Parameters:
+  mat - the newly loaded matrix, this needs to have been created with `MatCreate()`
            or some related function before a call to `MatLoad()`
-  viewer - binary/HDF5 file viewer

   Options Database Keys:
   Used with block matrix formats (`MATSEQBAIJ`,  ...) to specify
   block size
.    -matload_block_size <bs> - set block size

   Level: beginner

   Notes:
   If the `Mat` type has not yet been given then `MATAIJ` is used, call `MatSetFromOptions()` on the
   `Mat` before calling this routine if you wish to set it from the options database.

   `MatLoad()` automatically loads into the options database any options
   given in the file filename.info where filename is the name of the file
   that was passed to the `PetscViewerBinaryOpen()`. The options in the info
   file will be ignored if you use the -viewer_binary_skip_info option.

   If the type or size of mat is not set before a call to `MatLoad()`, PETSc
   sets the default matrix type AIJ and sets the local and global sizes.
   If type and/or size is already set, then the same are used.

   In parallel, each processor can load a subset of rows (or the
   entire matrix).  This routine is especially useful when a large
   matrix is stored on disk and only part of it is desired on each
   processor.  For example, a parallel solver may access only some of
   the rows from each processor.  The algorithm used here reads
   relatively small blocks of data rather than reading the entire
   matrix and then subsetting it.

   Viewer's `PetscViewerType` must be either `PETSCVIEWERBINARY` or `PETSCVIEWERHDF5`.
   Such viewer can be created using `PetscViewerBinaryOpen()` or `PetscViewerHDF5Open()`,
   or the sequence like
.vb
    `PetscViewer` v;
    `PetscViewerCreate`(`PETSC_COMM_WORLD`,&v);
    `PetscViewerSetType`(v,`PETSCVIEWERBINARY`);
    `PetscViewerSetFromOptions`(v);
    `PetscViewerFileSetMode`(v,`FILE_MODE_READ`);
    `PetscViewerFileSetName`(v,"datafile");
.ve
   The optional `PetscViewerSetFromOptions()` call allows overriding `PetscViewerSetType()` using the option
$ -viewer_type {binary,hdf5}

   See the example src/ksp/ksp/tutorials/ex27.c with the first approach,
   and src/mat/tutorials/ex10.c with the second approach.

   Notes:
   In case of `PETSCVIEWERBINARY`, a native PETSc binary format is used. Each of the blocks
   is read onto rank 0 and then shipped to its destination rank, one after another.
   Multiple objects, both matrices and vectors, can be stored within the same file.
   Their PetscObject name is ignored; they are loaded in the order of their storage.

   Most users should not need to know the details of the binary storage
   format, since `MatLoad()` and `MatView()` completely hide these details.
   But for anyone who's interested, the standard binary matrix storage
   format is

.vb
    PetscInt    MAT_FILE_CLASSID
    PetscInt    number of rows
    PetscInt    number of columns
    PetscInt    total number of nonzeros
    PetscInt    *number nonzeros in each row
    PetscInt    *column indices of all nonzeros (starting index is zero)
    PetscScalar *values of all nonzeros
.ve

   PETSc automatically does the byte swapping for
machines that store the bytes reversed. Thus if you write your own binary
read/write routines you have to swap the bytes; see `PetscBinaryRead()`
and `PetscBinaryWrite()` to see how this may be done.

   Notes:
   In case of `PETSCVIEWERHDF5`, a parallel HDF5 reader is used.
   Each processor's chunk is loaded independently by its owning rank.
   Multiple objects, both matrices and vectors, can be stored within the same file.
   They are looked up by their PetscObject name.

   As the MATLAB MAT-File Version 7.3 format is also a HDF5 flavor, we decided to use
   by default the same structure and naming of the AIJ arrays and column count
   within the HDF5 file. This means that a MAT file saved with -v7.3 flag, e.g.
$    save example.mat A b -v7.3
   can be directly read by this routine (see Reference 1 for details).

   Depending on your MATLAB version, this format might be a default,
   otherwise you can set it as default in Preferences.

   Unless -nocompression flag is used to save the file in MATLAB,
   PETSc must be configured with ZLIB package.

   See also examples src/mat/tutorials/ex10.c and src/ksp/ksp/tutorials/ex27.c

   This reader currently supports only real `MATSEQAIJ`, `MATMPIAIJ`, `MATSEQDENSE` and `MATMPIDENSE` matrices for `PETSCVIEWERHDF5`

   Corresponding `MatView()` is not yet implemented.

   The loaded matrix is actually a transpose of the original one in MATLAB,
   unless you push `PETSC_VIEWER_HDF5_MAT` format (see examples above).
   With this format, matrix is automatically transposed by PETSc,
   unless the matrix is marked as SPD or symmetric
   (see `MatSetOption()`, `MAT_SPD`, `MAT_SYMMETRIC`).

   References:
.  * - MATLAB(R) Documentation, manual page of save(), https://www.mathworks.com/help/matlab/ref/save.html#btox10b-1-version

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `PetscViewerBinaryOpen()`, `PetscViewerSetType()`, `MatView()`, `VecLoad()`
 @*/
PetscErrorCode MatLoad(Mat mat, PetscViewer viewer)
{
  PetscBool flg;

  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(mat, MAT_CLASSID, 1);
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(viewer, PETSC_VIEWER_CLASSID, 2);

  if (!((PetscObject)mat)->type_name) PetscCall(MatSetType(mat, MATAIJ));

  flg = PETSC_FALSE;
  PetscCall(PetscOptionsGetBool(((PetscObject)mat)->options, ((PetscObject)mat)->prefix, "-matload_symmetric", &flg, NULL));
  if (flg) {
    PetscCall(MatSetOption(mat, MAT_SYMMETRIC, PETSC_TRUE));
    PetscCall(MatSetOption(mat, MAT_SYMMETRY_ETERNAL, PETSC_TRUE));
  }
  flg = PETSC_FALSE;
  PetscCall(PetscOptionsGetBool(((PetscObject)mat)->options, ((PetscObject)mat)->prefix, "-matload_spd", &flg, NULL));
  if (flg) PetscCall(MatSetOption(mat, MAT_SPD, PETSC_TRUE));

  PetscCall(PetscLogEventBegin(MAT_Load, mat, viewer, 0, 0));
  PetscUseTypeMethod(mat, load, viewer);
  PetscCall(PetscLogEventEnd(MAT_Load, mat, viewer, 0, 0));
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

static PetscErrorCode MatDestroy_Redundant(Mat_Redundant **redundant)
{
  Mat_Redundant *redund = *redundant;

  PetscFunctionBegin;
  if (redund) {
    if (redund->matseq) { /* via MatCreateSubMatrices()  */
      PetscCall(ISDestroy(&redund->isrow));
      PetscCall(ISDestroy(&redund->iscol));
      PetscCall(MatDestroySubMatrices(1, &redund->matseq));
    } else {
      PetscCall(PetscFree2(redund->send_rank, redund->recv_rank));
      PetscCall(PetscFree(redund->sbuf_j));
      PetscCall(PetscFree(redund->sbuf_a));
      for (PetscInt i = 0; i < redund->nrecvs; i++) {
        PetscCall(PetscFree(redund->rbuf_j[i]));
        PetscCall(PetscFree(redund->rbuf_a[i]));
      }
      PetscCall(PetscFree4(redund->sbuf_nz, redund->rbuf_nz, redund->rbuf_j, redund->rbuf_a));
    }

    if (redund->subcomm) PetscCall(PetscCommDestroy(&redund->subcomm));
    PetscCall(PetscFree(redund));
  }
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@C
   MatDestroy - Frees space taken by a matrix.

   Collective

   Input Parameter:
.  A - the matrix

   Level: beginner

   Developer Note:
   Some special arrays of matrices are not destroyed in this routine but instead by the routines called by
   `MatDestroySubMatrices()`. Thus one must be sure that any changes here must also be made in those routines.
   `MatHeaderMerge()` and `MatHeaderReplace()` also manipulate the data in the `Mat` object and likely need changes
   if changes are needed here.

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `MatCreate()`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatDestroy(Mat *A)
{
  PetscFunctionBegin;
  if (!*A) PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(*A, MAT_CLASSID, 1);
  if (--((PetscObject)(*A))->refct > 0) {
    *A = NULL;
    PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
  }

  /* if memory was published with SAWs then destroy it */
  PetscCall(PetscObjectSAWsViewOff((PetscObject)*A));
  PetscTryTypeMethod((*A), destroy);

  PetscCall(PetscFree((*A)->factorprefix));
  PetscCall(PetscFree((*A)->defaultvectype));
  PetscCall(PetscFree((*A)->defaultrandtype));
  PetscCall(PetscFree((*A)->bsizes));
  PetscCall(PetscFree((*A)->solvertype));
  for (PetscInt i = 0; i < MAT_FACTOR_NUM_TYPES; i++) PetscCall(PetscFree((*A)->preferredordering[i]));
  if ((*A)->redundant && (*A)->redundant->matseq[0] == *A) (*A)->redundant->matseq[0] = NULL;
  PetscCall(MatDestroy_Redundant(&(*A)->redundant));
  PetscCall(MatProductClear(*A));
  PetscCall(MatNullSpaceDestroy(&(*A)->nullsp));
  PetscCall(MatNullSpaceDestroy(&(*A)->transnullsp));
  PetscCall(MatNullSpaceDestroy(&(*A)->nearnullsp));
  PetscCall(MatDestroy(&(*A)->schur));
  PetscCall(PetscLayoutDestroy(&(*A)->rmap));
  PetscCall(PetscLayoutDestroy(&(*A)->cmap));
  PetscCall(PetscHeaderDestroy(A));
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@C
   MatSetValues - Inserts or adds a block of values into a matrix.
   These values may be cached, so `MatAssemblyBegin()` and `MatAssemblyEnd()`
   MUST be called after all calls to `MatSetValues()` have been completed.

   Not Collective

   Input Parameters:
+  mat - the matrix
.  v - a logically two-dimensional array of values
.  m, idxm - the number of rows and their global indices
.  n, idxn - the number of columns and their global indices
-  addv - either `ADD_VALUES` to add values to any existing entries, or `INSERT_VALUES` to replace existing entries with new values

   Level: beginner

   Notes:
   By default the values, `v`, are stored row-oriented. See `MatSetOption()` for other options.

   Calls to `MatSetValues()` with the `INSERT_VALUES` and `ADD_VALUES`
   options cannot be mixed without intervening calls to the assembly
   routines.

   `MatSetValues()` uses 0-based row and column numbers in Fortran
   as well as in C.

   Negative indices may be passed in `idxm` and `idxn`, these rows and columns are
   simply ignored. This allows easily inserting element stiffness matrices
   with homogeneous Dirchlet boundary conditions that you don't want represented
   in the matrix.

   Efficiency Alert:
   The routine `MatSetValuesBlocked()` may offer much better efficiency
   for users of block sparse formats (`MATSEQBAIJ` and `MATMPIBAIJ`).

   Developer Note:
   This is labeled with C so does not automatically generate Fortran stubs and interfaces
   because it requires multiple Fortran interfaces depending on which arguments are scalar or arrays.

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `MatSetOption()`, `MatAssemblyBegin()`, `MatAssemblyEnd()`, `MatSetValuesBlocked()`, `MatSetValuesLocal()`,
          `InsertMode`, `INSERT_VALUES`, `ADD_VALUES`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatSetValues(Mat mat, PetscInt m, const PetscInt idxm[], PetscInt n, const PetscInt idxn[], const PetscScalar v[], InsertMode addv)
{
  PetscFunctionBeginHot;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(mat, MAT_CLASSID, 1);
  PetscValidType(mat, 1);
  if (!m || !n) PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS); /* no values to insert */
  PetscValidIntPointer(idxm, 3);
  PetscValidIntPointer(idxn, 5);
  MatCheckPreallocated(mat, 1);

  if (mat->insertmode == NOT_SET_VALUES) mat->insertmode = addv;
  else PetscCheck(mat->insertmode == addv, PETSC_COMM_SELF, PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONGSTATE, "Cannot mix add values and insert values");

  if (PetscDefined(USE_DEBUG)) {
    PetscInt i, j;

    PetscCheck(!mat->factortype, PETSC_COMM_SELF, PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONGSTATE, "Not for factored matrix");
    for (i = 0; i < m; i++) {
      for (j = 0; j < n; j++) {
        if (mat->erroriffailure && PetscIsInfOrNanScalar(v[i * n + j]))
#if defined(PETSC_USE_COMPLEX)
          SETERRQ(PETSC_COMM_SELF, PETSC_ERR_FP, "Inserting %g+i%g at matrix entry (%" PetscInt_FMT ",%" PetscInt_FMT ")", (double)PetscRealPart(v[i * n + j]), (double)PetscImaginaryPart(v[i * n + j]), idxm[i], idxn[j]);
#else
          SETERRQ(PETSC_COMM_SELF, PETSC_ERR_FP, "Inserting %g at matrix entry (%" PetscInt_FMT ",%" PetscInt_FMT ")", (double)v[i * n + j], idxm[i], idxn[j]);
#endif
      }
    }
    for (i = 0; i < m; i++) PetscCheck(idxm[i] < mat->rmap->N, PETSC_COMM_SELF, PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONG, "Cannot insert in row %" PetscInt_FMT ", maximum is %" PetscInt_FMT, idxm[i], mat->rmap->N - 1);
    for (i = 0; i < n; i++) PetscCheck(idxn[i] < mat->cmap->N, PETSC_COMM_SELF, PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONG, "Cannot insert in column %" PetscInt_FMT ", maximum is %" PetscInt_FMT, idxn[i], mat->cmap->N - 1);
  }

  if (mat->assembled) {
    mat->was_assembled = PETSC_TRUE;
    mat->assembled     = PETSC_FALSE;
  }
  PetscCall(PetscLogEventBegin(MAT_SetValues, mat, 0, 0, 0));
  PetscUseTypeMethod(mat, setvalues, m, idxm, n, idxn, v, addv);
  PetscCall(PetscLogEventEnd(MAT_SetValues, mat, 0, 0, 0));
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@C
   MatSetValuesIS - Inserts or adds a block of values into a matrix using an `IS` to indicate the rows and columns
   These values may be cached, so `MatAssemblyBegin()` and `MatAssemblyEnd()`
   MUST be called after all calls to `MatSetValues()` have been completed.

   Not Collective

   Input Parameters:
+  mat - the matrix
.  v - a logically two-dimensional array of values
.  ism - the rows to provide
.  isn - the columns to provide
-  addv - either `ADD_VALUES` to add values to any existing entries, or `INSERT_VALUES` to replace existing entries with new values

   Level: beginner

   Notes:
   By default the values, `v`, are stored row-oriented. See `MatSetOption()` for other options.

   Calls to `MatSetValues()` with the `INSERT_VALUES` and `ADD_VALUES`
   options cannot be mixed without intervening calls to the assembly
   routines.

   `MatSetValues()` uses 0-based row and column numbers in Fortran
   as well as in C.

   Negative indices may be passed in `ism` and `isn`, these rows and columns are
   simply ignored. This allows easily inserting element stiffness matrices
   with homogeneous Dirchlet boundary conditions that you don't want represented
   in the matrix.

   Efficiency Alert:
   The routine `MatSetValuesBlocked()` may offer much better efficiency
   for users of block sparse formats (`MATSEQBAIJ` and `MATMPIBAIJ`).

    This is currently not optimized for any particular `ISType`

   Developer Notes:
    This is labeled with C so does not automatically generate Fortran stubs and interfaces
                    because it requires multiple Fortran interfaces depending on which arguments are scalar or arrays.

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `MatSetOption()`, `MatSetValues()`, `MatAssemblyBegin()`, `MatAssemblyEnd()`, `MatSetValuesBlocked()`, `MatSetValuesLocal()`,
          `InsertMode`, `INSERT_VALUES`, `ADD_VALUES`, `MatSetValues()`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatSetValuesIS(Mat mat, IS ism, IS isn, const PetscScalar v[], InsertMode addv)
{
  PetscInt        m, n;
  const PetscInt *rows, *cols;

  PetscFunctionBeginHot;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(mat, MAT_CLASSID, 1);
  PetscCall(ISGetIndices(ism, &rows));
  PetscCall(ISGetIndices(isn, &cols));
  PetscCall(ISGetLocalSize(ism, &m));
  PetscCall(ISGetLocalSize(isn, &n));
  PetscCall(MatSetValues(mat, m, rows, n, cols, v, addv));
  PetscCall(ISRestoreIndices(ism, &rows));
  PetscCall(ISRestoreIndices(isn, &cols));
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@
   MatSetValuesRowLocal - Inserts a row (block row for `MATBAIJ` matrices) of nonzero
        values into a matrix

   Not Collective

   Input Parameters:
+  mat - the matrix
.  row - the (block) row to set
-  v - a logically two-dimensional array of values

   Level: intermediate

   Notes:
   The values, `v`, are column-oriented (for the block version) and sorted

   All the nonzeros in the row must be provided

   The matrix must have previously had its column indices set, likely by having been assembled.

   The row must belong to this process

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `MatSetOption()`, `MatAssemblyBegin()`, `MatAssemblyEnd()`, `MatSetValuesBlocked()`, `MatSetValuesLocal()`,
          `InsertMode`, `INSERT_VALUES`, `ADD_VALUES`, `MatSetValues()`, `MatSetValuesRow()`, `MatSetLocalToGlobalMapping()`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatSetValuesRowLocal(Mat mat, PetscInt row, const PetscScalar v[])
{
  PetscInt globalrow;

  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(mat, MAT_CLASSID, 1);
  PetscValidType(mat, 1);
  PetscValidScalarPointer(v, 3);
  PetscCall(ISLocalToGlobalMappingApply(mat->rmap->mapping, 1, &row, &globalrow));
  PetscCall(MatSetValuesRow(mat, globalrow, v));
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@
   MatSetValuesRow - Inserts a row (block row for `MATBAIJ` matrices) of nonzero
        values into a matrix

   Not Collective

   Input Parameters:
+  mat - the matrix
.  row - the (block) row to set
-  v - a logically two-dimensional (column major) array of values for  block matrices with blocksize larger than one, otherwise a one dimensional array of values

   Level: advanced

   Notes:
   The values, `v`, are column-oriented for the block version.

   All the nonzeros in the row must be provided

   THE MATRIX MUST HAVE PREVIOUSLY HAD ITS COLUMN INDICES SET. IT IS RARE THAT THIS ROUTINE IS USED, usually `MatSetValues()` is used.

   The row must belong to this process

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `MatSetValues()`, `MatSetOption()`, `MatAssemblyBegin()`, `MatAssemblyEnd()`, `MatSetValuesBlocked()`, `MatSetValuesLocal()`,
          `InsertMode`, `INSERT_VALUES`, `ADD_VALUES`, `MatSetValues()`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatSetValuesRow(Mat mat, PetscInt row, const PetscScalar v[])
{
  PetscFunctionBeginHot;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(mat, MAT_CLASSID, 1);
  PetscValidType(mat, 1);
  MatCheckPreallocated(mat, 1);
  PetscValidScalarPointer(v, 3);
  PetscCheck(mat->insertmode != ADD_VALUES, PETSC_COMM_SELF, PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONGSTATE, "Cannot mix add and insert values");
  PetscCheck(!mat->factortype, PETSC_COMM_SELF, PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONGSTATE, "Not for factored matrix");
  mat->insertmode = INSERT_VALUES;

  if (mat->assembled) {
    mat->was_assembled = PETSC_TRUE;
    mat->assembled     = PETSC_FALSE;
  }
  PetscCall(PetscLogEventBegin(MAT_SetValues, mat, 0, 0, 0));
  PetscUseTypeMethod(mat, setvaluesrow, row, v);
  PetscCall(PetscLogEventEnd(MAT_SetValues, mat, 0, 0, 0));
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@
   MatSetValuesStencil - Inserts or adds a block of values into a matrix.
     Using structured grid indexing

   Not Collective

   Input Parameters:
+  mat - the matrix
.  m - number of rows being entered
.  idxm - grid coordinates (and component number when dof > 1) for matrix rows being entered
.  n - number of columns being entered
.  idxn - grid coordinates (and component number when dof > 1) for matrix columns being entered
.  v - a logically two-dimensional array of values
-  addv - either `ADD_VALUES` to add to existing entries at that location or `INSERT_VALUES` to replace existing entries with new values

   Level: beginner

   Notes:
   By default the values, `v`, are row-oriented.  See `MatSetOption()` for other options.

   Calls to `MatSetValuesStencil()` with the `INSERT_VALUES` and `ADD_VALUES`
   options cannot be mixed without intervening calls to the assembly
   routines.

   The grid coordinates are across the entire grid, not just the local portion

   `MatSetValuesStencil()` uses 0-based row and column numbers in Fortran
   as well as in C.

   For setting/accessing vector values via array coordinates you can use the `DMDAVecGetArray()` routine

   In order to use this routine you must either obtain the matrix with `DMCreateMatrix()`
   or call `MatSetLocalToGlobalMapping()` and `MatSetStencil()` first.

   The columns and rows in the stencil passed in MUST be contained within the
   ghost region of the given process as set with DMDACreateXXX() or `MatSetStencil()`. For example,
   if you create a `DMDA` with an overlap of one grid level and on a particular process its first
   local nonghost x logical coordinate is 6 (so its first ghost x logical coordinate is 5) the
   first i index you can use in your column and row indices in `MatSetStencil()` is 5.

   For periodic boundary conditions use negative indices for values to the left (below 0; that are to be
   obtained by wrapping values from right edge). For values to the right of the last entry using that index plus one
   etc to obtain values that obtained by wrapping the values from the left edge. This does not work for anything but the
   `DM_BOUNDARY_PERIODIC` boundary type.

   For indices that don't mean anything for your case (like the k index when working in 2d) or the c index when you have
   a single value per point) you can skip filling those indices.

   Inspired by the structured grid interface to the HYPRE package
   (https://computation.llnl.gov/projects/hypre-scalable-linear-solvers-multigrid-methods)

   Efficiency Alert:
   The routine `MatSetValuesBlockedStencil()` may offer much better efficiency
   for users of block sparse formats (`MATSEQBAIJ` and `MATMPIBAIJ`).

   Fortran Note:
   `idxm` and `idxn` should be declared as
$     MatStencil idxm(4,m),idxn(4,n)
   and the values inserted using
.vb
    idxm(MatStencil_i,1) = i
    idxm(MatStencil_j,1) = j
    idxm(MatStencil_k,1) = k
    idxm(MatStencil_c,1) = c
    etc
.ve

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `DMDA`, `MatSetOption()`, `MatAssemblyBegin()`, `MatAssemblyEnd()`, `MatSetValuesBlocked()`, `MatSetValuesLocal()`
          `MatSetValues()`, `MatSetValuesBlockedStencil()`, `MatSetStencil()`, `DMCreateMatrix()`, `DMDAVecGetArray()`, `MatStencil`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatSetValuesStencil(Mat mat, PetscInt m, const MatStencil idxm[], PetscInt n, const MatStencil idxn[], const PetscScalar v[], InsertMode addv)
{
  PetscInt  buf[8192], *bufm = NULL, *bufn = NULL, *jdxm, *jdxn;
  PetscInt  j, i, dim = mat->stencil.dim, *dims = mat->stencil.dims + 1, tmp;
  PetscInt *starts = mat->stencil.starts, *dxm = (PetscInt *)idxm, *dxn = (PetscInt *)idxn, sdim = dim - (1 - (PetscInt)mat->stencil.noc);

  PetscFunctionBegin;
  if (!m || !n) PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS); /* no values to insert */
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(mat, MAT_CLASSID, 1);
  PetscValidType(mat, 1);
  PetscValidPointer(idxm, 3);
  PetscValidPointer(idxn, 5);

  if ((m + n) <= (PetscInt)(sizeof(buf) / sizeof(PetscInt))) {
    jdxm = buf;
    jdxn = buf + m;
  } else {
    PetscCall(PetscMalloc2(m, &bufm, n, &bufn));
    jdxm = bufm;
    jdxn = bufn;
  }
  for (i = 0; i < m; i++) {
    for (j = 0; j < 3 - sdim; j++) dxm++;
    tmp = *dxm++ - starts[0];
    for (j = 0; j < dim - 1; j++) {
      if ((*dxm++ - starts[j + 1]) < 0 || tmp < 0) tmp = -1;
      else tmp = tmp * dims[j] + *(dxm - 1) - starts[j + 1];
    }
    if (mat->stencil.noc) dxm++;
    jdxm[i] = tmp;
  }
  for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
    for (j = 0; j < 3 - sdim; j++) dxn++;
    tmp = *dxn++ - starts[0];
    for (j = 0; j < dim - 1; j++) {
      if ((*dxn++ - starts[j + 1]) < 0 || tmp < 0) tmp = -1;
      else tmp = tmp * dims[j] + *(dxn - 1) - starts[j + 1];
    }
    if (mat->stencil.noc) dxn++;
    jdxn[i] = tmp;
  }
  PetscCall(MatSetValuesLocal(mat, m, jdxm, n, jdxn, v, addv));
  PetscCall(PetscFree2(bufm, bufn));
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@
   MatSetValuesBlockedStencil - Inserts or adds a block of values into a matrix.
     Using structured grid indexing

   Not Collective

   Input Parameters:
+  mat - the matrix
.  m - number of rows being entered
.  idxm - grid coordinates for matrix rows being entered
.  n - number of columns being entered
.  idxn - grid coordinates for matrix columns being entered
.  v - a logically two-dimensional array of values
-  addv - either `ADD_VALUES` to add to existing entries or `INSERT_VALUES` to replace existing entries with new values

   Level: beginner

   Notes:
   By default the values, `v`, are row-oriented and unsorted.
   See `MatSetOption()` for other options.

   Calls to `MatSetValuesBlockedStencil()` with the `INSERT_VALUES` and `ADD_VALUES`
   options cannot be mixed without intervening calls to the assembly
   routines.

   The grid coordinates are across the entire grid, not just the local portion

   `MatSetValuesBlockedStencil()` uses 0-based row and column numbers in Fortran
   as well as in C.

   For setting/accessing vector values via array coordinates you can use the `DMDAVecGetArray()` routine

   In order to use this routine you must either obtain the matrix with `DMCreateMatrix()`
   or call `MatSetBlockSize()`, `MatSetLocalToGlobalMapping()` and `MatSetStencil()` first.

   The columns and rows in the stencil passed in MUST be contained within the
   ghost region of the given process as set with DMDACreateXXX() or `MatSetStencil()`. For example,
   if you create a `DMDA` with an overlap of one grid level and on a particular process its first
   local nonghost x logical coordinate is 6 (so its first ghost x logical coordinate is 5) the
   first i index you can use in your column and row indices in `MatSetStencil()` is 5.

   Negative indices may be passed in idxm and idxn, these rows and columns are
   simply ignored. This allows easily inserting element stiffness matrices
   with homogeneous Dirchlet boundary conditions that you don't want represented
   in the matrix.

   Inspired by the structured grid interface to the HYPRE package
   (https://computation.llnl.gov/projects/hypre-scalable-linear-solvers-multigrid-methods)

   Fortran Note:
   `idxm` and `idxn` should be declared as
$     MatStencil idxm(4,m),idxn(4,n)
   and the values inserted using
.vb
    idxm(MatStencil_i,1) = i
    idxm(MatStencil_j,1) = j
    idxm(MatStencil_k,1) = k
   etc
.ve

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `DMDA`, `MatSetOption()`, `MatAssemblyBegin()`, `MatAssemblyEnd()`, `MatSetValuesBlocked()`, `MatSetValuesLocal()`
          `MatSetValues()`, `MatSetValuesStencil()`, `MatSetStencil()`, `DMCreateMatrix()`, `DMDAVecGetArray()`, `MatStencil`,
          `MatSetBlockSize()`, `MatSetLocalToGlobalMapping()`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatSetValuesBlockedStencil(Mat mat, PetscInt m, const MatStencil idxm[], PetscInt n, const MatStencil idxn[], const PetscScalar v[], InsertMode addv)
{
  PetscInt  buf[8192], *bufm = NULL, *bufn = NULL, *jdxm, *jdxn;
  PetscInt  j, i, dim = mat->stencil.dim, *dims = mat->stencil.dims + 1, tmp;
  PetscInt *starts = mat->stencil.starts, *dxm = (PetscInt *)idxm, *dxn = (PetscInt *)idxn, sdim = dim - (1 - (PetscInt)mat->stencil.noc);

  PetscFunctionBegin;
  if (!m || !n) PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS); /* no values to insert */
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(mat, MAT_CLASSID, 1);
  PetscValidType(mat, 1);
  PetscValidPointer(idxm, 3);
  PetscValidPointer(idxn, 5);
  PetscValidScalarPointer(v, 6);

  if ((m + n) <= (PetscInt)(sizeof(buf) / sizeof(PetscInt))) {
    jdxm = buf;
    jdxn = buf + m;
  } else {
    PetscCall(PetscMalloc2(m, &bufm, n, &bufn));
    jdxm = bufm;
    jdxn = bufn;
  }
  for (i = 0; i < m; i++) {
    for (j = 0; j < 3 - sdim; j++) dxm++;
    tmp = *dxm++ - starts[0];
    for (j = 0; j < sdim - 1; j++) {
      if ((*dxm++ - starts[j + 1]) < 0 || tmp < 0) tmp = -1;
      else tmp = tmp * dims[j] + *(dxm - 1) - starts[j + 1];
    }
    dxm++;
    jdxm[i] = tmp;
  }
  for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
    for (j = 0; j < 3 - sdim; j++) dxn++;
    tmp = *dxn++ - starts[0];
    for (j = 0; j < sdim - 1; j++) {
      if ((*dxn++ - starts[j + 1]) < 0 || tmp < 0) tmp = -1;
      else tmp = tmp * dims[j] + *(dxn - 1) - starts[j + 1];
    }
    dxn++;
    jdxn[i] = tmp;
  }
  PetscCall(MatSetValuesBlockedLocal(mat, m, jdxm, n, jdxn, v, addv));
  PetscCall(PetscFree2(bufm, bufn));
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@
   MatSetStencil - Sets the grid information for setting values into a matrix via
        `MatSetValuesStencil()`

   Not Collective

   Input Parameters:
+  mat - the matrix
.  dim - dimension of the grid 1, 2, or 3
.  dims - number of grid points in x, y, and z direction, including ghost points on your processor
.  starts - starting point of ghost nodes on your processor in x, y, and z direction
-  dof - number of degrees of freedom per node

   Level: beginner

   Notes:
   Inspired by the structured grid interface to the HYPRE package
   (www.llnl.gov/CASC/hyper)

   For matrices generated with `DMCreateMatrix()` this routine is automatically called and so not needed by the
   user.

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `MatStencil`, `MatSetOption()`, `MatAssemblyBegin()`, `MatAssemblyEnd()`, `MatSetValuesBlocked()`, `MatSetValuesLocal()`
          `MatSetValues()`, `MatSetValuesBlockedStencil()`, `MatSetValuesStencil()`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatSetStencil(Mat mat, PetscInt dim, const PetscInt dims[], const PetscInt starts[], PetscInt dof)
{
  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(mat, MAT_CLASSID, 1);
  PetscValidIntPointer(dims, 3);
  PetscValidIntPointer(starts, 4);

  mat->stencil.dim = dim + (dof > 1);
  for (PetscInt i = 0; i < dim; i++) {
    mat->stencil.dims[i]   = dims[dim - i - 1]; /* copy the values in backwards */
    mat->stencil.starts[i] = starts[dim - i - 1];
  }
  mat->stencil.dims[dim]   = dof;
  mat->stencil.starts[dim] = 0;
  mat->stencil.noc         = (PetscBool)(dof == 1);
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@C
   MatSetValuesBlocked - Inserts or adds a block of values into a matrix.

   Not Collective

   Input Parameters:
+  mat - the matrix
.  v - a logically two-dimensional array of values
.  m  - the number of block rows
.  idxm - the global block indices
.  n - the number of block columns
.  idxn - the global block indices
-  addv - either `ADD_VALUES` to add values to any existing entries, or `INSERT_VALUES` replaces existing entries with new values

   Level: intermediate

   Notes:
   If you create the matrix yourself (that is not with a call to `DMCreateMatrix()`) then you MUST call
   MatXXXXSetPreallocation() or `MatSetUp()` before using this routine.

   The `m` and `n` count the NUMBER of blocks in the row direction and column direction,
   NOT the total number of rows/columns; for example, if the block size is 2 and
   you are passing in values for rows 2,3,4,5  then m would be 2 (not 4).
   The values in idxm would be 1 2; that is the first index for each block divided by
   the block size.

   You must call `MatSetBlockSize()` when constructing this matrix (before
   preallocating it).

   By default the values, `v`, are row-oriented, so the layout of
   `v` is the same as for `MatSetValues()`. See `MatSetOption()` for other options.

   Calls to `MatSetValuesBlocked()` with the `INSERT_VALUES` and `ADD_VALUES`
   options cannot be mixed without intervening calls to the assembly
   routines.

   `MatSetValuesBlocked()` uses 0-based row and column numbers in Fortran
   as well as in C.

   Negative indices may be passed in `idxm` and `idxn`, these rows and columns are
   simply ignored. This allows easily inserting element stiffness matrices
   with homogeneous Dirchlet boundary conditions that you don't want represented
   in the matrix.

   Each time an entry is set within a sparse matrix via `MatSetValues()`,
   internal searching must be done to determine where to place the
   data in the matrix storage space.  By instead inserting blocks of
   entries via `MatSetValuesBlocked()`, the overhead of matrix assembly is
   reduced.

   Example:
.vb
   Suppose m=n=2 and block size(bs) = 2 The array is

   1  2  | 3  4
   5  6  | 7  8
   - - - | - - -
   9  10 | 11 12
   13 14 | 15 16

   v[] should be passed in like
   v[] = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16]

  If you are not using row oriented storage of v (that is you called MatSetOption(mat,MAT_ROW_ORIENTED,PETSC_FALSE)) then
   v[] = [1,5,9,13,2,6,10,14,3,7,11,15,4,8,12,16]
.ve

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `MatSetBlockSize()`, `MatSetOption()`, `MatAssemblyBegin()`, `MatAssemblyEnd()`, `MatSetValues()`, `MatSetValuesBlockedLocal()`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatSetValuesBlocked(Mat mat, PetscInt m, const PetscInt idxm[], PetscInt n, const PetscInt idxn[], const PetscScalar v[], InsertMode addv)
{
  PetscFunctionBeginHot;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(mat, MAT_CLASSID, 1);
  PetscValidType(mat, 1);
  if (!m || !n) PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS); /* no values to insert */
  PetscValidIntPointer(idxm, 3);
  PetscValidIntPointer(idxn, 5);
  MatCheckPreallocated(mat, 1);
  if (mat->insertmode == NOT_SET_VALUES) mat->insertmode = addv;
  else PetscCheck(mat->insertmode == addv, PETSC_COMM_SELF, PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONGSTATE, "Cannot mix add values and insert values");
  if (PetscDefined(USE_DEBUG)) {
    PetscCheck(!mat->factortype, PETSC_COMM_SELF, PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONGSTATE, "Not for factored matrix");
    PetscCheck(mat->ops->setvaluesblocked || mat->ops->setvalues, PETSC_COMM_SELF, PETSC_ERR_SUP, "Mat type %s", ((PetscObject)mat)->type_name);
  }
  if (PetscDefined(USE_DEBUG)) {
    PetscInt rbs, cbs, M, N, i;
    PetscCall(MatGetBlockSizes(mat, &rbs, &cbs));
    PetscCall(MatGetSize(mat, &M, &N));
    for (i = 0; i < m; i++) PetscCheck(idxm[i] * rbs < M, PETSC_COMM_SELF, PETSC_ERR_ARG_OUTOFRANGE, "Row block index %" PetscInt_FMT " (index %" PetscInt_FMT ") greater than row length %" PetscInt_FMT, i, idxm[i], M);
    for (i = 0; i < n; i++) PetscCheck(idxn[i] * cbs < N, PETSC_COMM_SELF, PETSC_ERR_ARG_OUTOFRANGE, "Column block index %" PetscInt_FMT " (index %" PetscInt_FMT ") great than column length %" PetscInt_FMT, i, idxn[i], N);
  }
  if (mat->assembled) {
    mat->was_assembled = PETSC_TRUE;
    mat->assembled     = PETSC_FALSE;
  }
  PetscCall(PetscLogEventBegin(MAT_SetValues, mat, 0, 0, 0));
  if (mat->ops->setvaluesblocked) {
    PetscUseTypeMethod(mat, setvaluesblocked, m, idxm, n, idxn, v, addv);
  } else {
    PetscInt buf[8192], *bufr = NULL, *bufc = NULL, *iidxm, *iidxn;
    PetscInt i, j, bs, cbs;

    PetscCall(MatGetBlockSizes(mat, &bs, &cbs));
    if (m * bs + n * cbs <= (PetscInt)(sizeof(buf) / sizeof(PetscInt))) {
      iidxm = buf;
      iidxn = buf + m * bs;
    } else {
      PetscCall(PetscMalloc2(m * bs, &bufr, n * cbs, &bufc));
      iidxm = bufr;
      iidxn = bufc;
    }
    for (i = 0; i < m; i++) {
      for (j = 0; j < bs; j++) iidxm[i * bs + j] = bs * idxm[i] + j;
    }
    if (m != n || bs != cbs || idxm != idxn) {
      for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        for (j = 0; j < cbs; j++) iidxn[i * cbs + j] = cbs * idxn[i] + j;
      }
    } else iidxn = iidxm;
    PetscCall(MatSetValues(mat, m * bs, iidxm, n * cbs, iidxn, v, addv));
    PetscCall(PetscFree2(bufr, bufc));
  }
  PetscCall(PetscLogEventEnd(MAT_SetValues, mat, 0, 0, 0));
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@C
   MatGetValues - Gets a block of local values from a matrix.

   Not Collective; can only return values that are owned by the give process

   Input Parameters:
+  mat - the matrix
.  v - a logically two-dimensional array for storing the values
.  m  - the number of rows
.  idxm - the  global indices of the rows
.  n - the number of columns
-  idxn - the global indices of the columns

   Level: advanced

   Notes:
     The user must allocate space (m*n `PetscScalar`s) for the values, `v`.
     The values, `v`, are then returned in a row-oriented format,
     analogous to that used by default in `MatSetValues()`.

     `MatGetValues()` uses 0-based row and column numbers in
     Fortran as well as in C.

     `MatGetValues()` requires that the matrix has been assembled
     with `MatAssemblyBegin()`/`MatAssemblyEnd()`.  Thus, calls to
     `MatSetValues()` and `MatGetValues()` CANNOT be made in succession
     without intermediate matrix assembly.

     Negative row or column indices will be ignored and those locations in `v` will be
     left unchanged.

     For the standard row-based matrix formats, `idxm` can only contain rows owned by the requesting MPI rank.
     That is, rows with global index greater than or equal to rstart and less than rend where rstart and rend are obtainable
     from `MatGetOwnershipRange`(mat,&rstart,&rend).

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `MatGetRow()`, `MatCreateSubMatrices()`, `MatSetValues()`, `MatGetOwnershipRange()`, `MatGetValuesLocal()`, `MatGetValue()`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatGetValues(Mat mat, PetscInt m, const PetscInt idxm[], PetscInt n, const PetscInt idxn[], PetscScalar v[])
{
  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(mat, MAT_CLASSID, 1);
  PetscValidType(mat, 1);
  if (!m || !n) PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
  PetscValidIntPointer(idxm, 3);
  PetscValidIntPointer(idxn, 5);
  PetscValidScalarPointer(v, 6);
  PetscCheck(mat->assembled, PETSC_COMM_SELF, PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONGSTATE, "Not for unassembled matrix");
  PetscCheck(!mat->factortype, PETSC_COMM_SELF, PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONGSTATE, "Not for factored matrix");
  MatCheckPreallocated(mat, 1);

  PetscCall(PetscLogEventBegin(MAT_GetValues, mat, 0, 0, 0));
  PetscUseTypeMethod(mat, getvalues, m, idxm, n, idxn, v);
  PetscCall(PetscLogEventEnd(MAT_GetValues, mat, 0, 0, 0));
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@C
   MatGetValuesLocal - retrieves values from certain locations in a matrix using the local numbering of the indices
     defined previously by `MatSetLocalToGlobalMapping()`

   Not Collective

   Input Parameters:
+  mat - the matrix
.  nrow - number of rows
.  irow - the row local indices
.  ncol - number of columns
-  icol - the column local indices

   Output Parameter:
.  y -  a logically two-dimensional array of values

   Level: advanced

   Notes:
     If you create the matrix yourself (that is not with a call to `DMCreateMatrix()`) then you MUST call `MatSetLocalToGlobalMapping()` before using this routine.

     This routine can only return values that are owned by the requesting MPI rank. That is, for standard matrix formats, rows that, in the global numbering,
     are greater than or equal to rstart and less than rend where rstart and rend are obtainable from `MatGetOwnershipRange`(mat,&rstart,&rend). One can
     determine if the resulting global row associated with the local row r is owned by the requesting MPI rank by applying the `ISLocalToGlobalMapping` set
     with `MatSetLocalToGlobalMapping()`.

   Developer Note:
      This is labelled with C so does not automatically generate Fortran stubs and interfaces
      because it requires multiple Fortran interfaces depending on which arguments are scalar or arrays.

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `MatAssemblyBegin()`, `MatAssemblyEnd()`, `MatSetValues()`, `MatSetLocalToGlobalMapping()`,
          `MatSetValuesLocal()`, `MatGetValues()`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatGetValuesLocal(Mat mat, PetscInt nrow, const PetscInt irow[], PetscInt ncol, const PetscInt icol[], PetscScalar y[])
{
  PetscFunctionBeginHot;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(mat, MAT_CLASSID, 1);
  PetscValidType(mat, 1);
  MatCheckPreallocated(mat, 1);
  if (!nrow || !ncol) PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS); /* no values to retrieve */
  PetscValidIntPointer(irow, 3);
  PetscValidIntPointer(icol, 5);
  if (PetscDefined(USE_DEBUG)) {
    PetscCheck(!mat->factortype, PETSC_COMM_SELF, PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONGSTATE, "Not for factored matrix");
    PetscCheck(mat->ops->getvalueslocal || mat->ops->getvalues, PETSC_COMM_SELF, PETSC_ERR_SUP, "Mat type %s", ((PetscObject)mat)->type_name);
  }
  PetscCheck(mat->assembled, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONGSTATE, "Not for unassembled matrix");
  PetscCall(PetscLogEventBegin(MAT_GetValues, mat, 0, 0, 0));
  if (mat->ops->getvalueslocal) PetscUseTypeMethod(mat, getvalueslocal, nrow, irow, ncol, icol, y);
  else {
    PetscInt buf[8192], *bufr = NULL, *bufc = NULL, *irowm, *icolm;
    if ((nrow + ncol) <= (PetscInt)(sizeof(buf) / sizeof(PetscInt))) {
      irowm = buf;
      icolm = buf + nrow;
    } else {
      PetscCall(PetscMalloc2(nrow, &bufr, ncol, &bufc));
      irowm = bufr;
      icolm = bufc;
    }
    PetscCheck(mat->rmap->mapping, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONGSTATE, "MatGetValuesLocal() cannot proceed without local-to-global row mapping (See MatSetLocalToGlobalMapping()).");
    PetscCheck(mat->cmap->mapping, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONGSTATE, "MatGetValuesLocal() cannot proceed without local-to-global column mapping (See MatSetLocalToGlobalMapping()).");
    PetscCall(ISLocalToGlobalMappingApply(mat->rmap->mapping, nrow, irow, irowm));
    PetscCall(ISLocalToGlobalMappingApply(mat->cmap->mapping, ncol, icol, icolm));
    PetscCall(MatGetValues(mat, nrow, irowm, ncol, icolm, y));
    PetscCall(PetscFree2(bufr, bufc));
  }
  PetscCall(PetscLogEventEnd(MAT_GetValues, mat, 0, 0, 0));
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@
  MatSetValuesBatch - Adds (`ADD_VALUES`) many blocks of values into a matrix at once. The blocks must all be square and
  the same size. Currently, this can only be called once and creates the given matrix.

  Not Collective

  Input Parameters:
+ mat - the matrix
. nb - the number of blocks
. bs - the number of rows (and columns) in each block
. rows - a concatenation of the rows for each block
- v - a concatenation of logically two-dimensional arrays of values

  Level: advanced

  Note:
  `MatSetPreallocationCOO()` and `MatSetValuesCOO()` may be a better way to provide the values

  In the future, we will extend this routine to handle rectangular blocks, and to allow multiple calls for a given matrix.

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `MatSetOption()`, `MatAssemblyBegin()`, `MatAssemblyEnd()`, `MatSetValuesBlocked()`, `MatSetValuesLocal()`,
          `InsertMode`, `INSERT_VALUES`, `ADD_VALUES`, `MatSetValues()`, `MatSetPreallocationCOO()`, `MatSetValuesCOO()`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatSetValuesBatch(Mat mat, PetscInt nb, PetscInt bs, PetscInt rows[], const PetscScalar v[])
{
  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(mat, MAT_CLASSID, 1);
  PetscValidType(mat, 1);
  PetscValidIntPointer(rows, 4);
  PetscValidScalarPointer(v, 5);
  PetscAssert(!mat->factortype, PETSC_COMM_SELF, PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONGSTATE, "Not for factored matrix");

  PetscCall(PetscLogEventBegin(MAT_SetValuesBatch, mat, 0, 0, 0));
  if (mat->ops->setvaluesbatch) PetscUseTypeMethod(mat, setvaluesbatch, nb, bs, rows, v);
  else {
    for (PetscInt b = 0; b < nb; ++b) PetscCall(MatSetValues(mat, bs, &rows[b * bs], bs, &rows[b * bs], &v[b * bs * bs], ADD_VALUES));
  }
  PetscCall(PetscLogEventEnd(MAT_SetValuesBatch, mat, 0, 0, 0));
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@
   MatSetLocalToGlobalMapping - Sets a local-to-global numbering for use by
   the routine `MatSetValuesLocal()` to allow users to insert matrix entries
   using a local (per-processor) numbering.

   Not Collective

   Input Parameters:
+  x - the matrix
.  rmapping - row mapping created with `ISLocalToGlobalMappingCreate()` or `ISLocalToGlobalMappingCreateIS()`
-  cmapping - column mapping

   Level: intermediate

   Note:
   If the matrix is obtained with `DMCreateMatrix()` then this may already have been called on the matrix

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `DM`, `DMCreateMatrix()`, `MatGetLocalToGlobalMapping()`, `MatAssemblyBegin()`, `MatAssemblyEnd()`, `MatSetValues()`, `MatSetValuesLocal()`, `MatGetValuesLocal()`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatSetLocalToGlobalMapping(Mat x, ISLocalToGlobalMapping rmapping, ISLocalToGlobalMapping cmapping)
{
  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(x, MAT_CLASSID, 1);
  PetscValidType(x, 1);
  if (rmapping) PetscValidHeaderSpecific(rmapping, IS_LTOGM_CLASSID, 2);
  if (cmapping) PetscValidHeaderSpecific(cmapping, IS_LTOGM_CLASSID, 3);
  if (x->ops->setlocaltoglobalmapping) PetscUseTypeMethod(x, setlocaltoglobalmapping, rmapping, cmapping);
  else {
    PetscCall(PetscLayoutSetISLocalToGlobalMapping(x->rmap, rmapping));
    PetscCall(PetscLayoutSetISLocalToGlobalMapping(x->cmap, cmapping));
  }
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@
   MatGetLocalToGlobalMapping - Gets the local-to-global numbering set by `MatSetLocalToGlobalMapping()`

   Not Collective

   Input Parameter:
.  A - the matrix

   Output Parameters:
+ rmapping - row mapping
- cmapping - column mapping

   Level: advanced

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `MatSetLocalToGlobalMapping()`, `MatSetValuesLocal()`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatGetLocalToGlobalMapping(Mat A, ISLocalToGlobalMapping *rmapping, ISLocalToGlobalMapping *cmapping)
{
  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(A, MAT_CLASSID, 1);
  PetscValidType(A, 1);
  if (rmapping) {
    PetscValidPointer(rmapping, 2);
    *rmapping = A->rmap->mapping;
  }
  if (cmapping) {
    PetscValidPointer(cmapping, 3);
    *cmapping = A->cmap->mapping;
  }
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@
   MatSetLayouts - Sets the `PetscLayout` objects for rows and columns of a matrix

   Logically Collective

   Input Parameters:
+  A - the matrix
. rmap - row layout
- cmap - column layout

   Level: advanced

   Note:
   The `PetscLayout` objects are usually created automatically for the matrix so this routine rarely needs to be called.

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `PetscLayout`, `MatCreateVecs()`, `MatGetLocalToGlobalMapping()`, `MatGetLayouts()`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatSetLayouts(Mat A, PetscLayout rmap, PetscLayout cmap)
{
  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(A, MAT_CLASSID, 1);
  PetscCall(PetscLayoutReference(rmap, &A->rmap));
  PetscCall(PetscLayoutReference(cmap, &A->cmap));
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@
   MatGetLayouts - Gets the `PetscLayout` objects for rows and columns

   Not Collective

   Input Parameter:
.  A - the matrix

   Output Parameters:
+ rmap - row layout
- cmap - column layout

   Level: advanced

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, [Matrix Layouts](sec_matlayout), `PetscLayout`, `MatCreateVecs()`, `MatGetLocalToGlobalMapping()`, `MatSetLayouts()`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatGetLayouts(Mat A, PetscLayout *rmap, PetscLayout *cmap)
{
  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(A, MAT_CLASSID, 1);
  PetscValidType(A, 1);
  if (rmap) {
    PetscValidPointer(rmap, 2);
    *rmap = A->rmap;
  }
  if (cmap) {
    PetscValidPointer(cmap, 3);
    *cmap = A->cmap;
  }
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@C
   MatSetValuesLocal - Inserts or adds values into certain locations of a matrix,
   using a local numbering of the nodes.

   Not Collective

   Input Parameters:
+  mat - the matrix
.  nrow - number of rows
.  irow - the row local indices
.  ncol - number of columns
.  icol - the column local indices
.  y -  a logically two-dimensional array of values
-  addv - either `INSERT_VALUES` to add values to any existing entries, or `INSERT_VALUES` to replace existing entries with new values

   Level: intermediate

   Notes:
   If you create the matrix yourself (that is not with a call to `DMCreateMatrix()`) then you MUST call MatXXXXSetPreallocation() or
      `MatSetUp()` before using this routine

   If you create the matrix yourself (that is not with a call to `DMCreateMatrix()`) then you MUST call `MatSetLocalToGlobalMapping()` before using this routine

   Calls to `MatSetValuesLocal()` with the `INSERT_VALUES` and `ADD_VALUES`
   options cannot be mixed without intervening calls to the assembly
   routines.

   These values may be cached, so `MatAssemblyBegin()` and `MatAssemblyEnd()`
   MUST be called after all calls to `MatSetValuesLocal()` have been completed.

   Developer Note:
    This is labeled with C so does not automatically generate Fortran stubs and interfaces
                    because it requires multiple Fortran interfaces depending on which arguments are scalar or arrays.

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `MatAssemblyBegin()`, `MatAssemblyEnd()`, `MatSetValues()`, `MatSetLocalToGlobalMapping()`,
          `MatGetValuesLocal()`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatSetValuesLocal(Mat mat, PetscInt nrow, const PetscInt irow[], PetscInt ncol, const PetscInt icol[], const PetscScalar y[], InsertMode addv)
{
  PetscFunctionBeginHot;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(mat, MAT_CLASSID, 1);
  PetscValidType(mat, 1);
  MatCheckPreallocated(mat, 1);
  if (!nrow || !ncol) PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS); /* no values to insert */
  PetscValidIntPointer(irow, 3);
  PetscValidIntPointer(icol, 5);
  if (mat->insertmode == NOT_SET_VALUES) mat->insertmode = addv;
  else PetscCheck(mat->insertmode == addv, PETSC_COMM_SELF, PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONGSTATE, "Cannot mix add values and insert values");
  if (PetscDefined(USE_DEBUG)) {
    PetscCheck(!mat->factortype, PETSC_COMM_SELF, PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONGSTATE, "Not for factored matrix");
    PetscCheck(mat->ops->setvalueslocal || mat->ops->setvalues, PETSC_COMM_SELF, PETSC_ERR_SUP, "Mat type %s", ((PetscObject)mat)->type_name);
  }

  if (mat->assembled) {
    mat->was_assembled = PETSC_TRUE;
    mat->assembled     = PETSC_FALSE;
  }
  PetscCall(PetscLogEventBegin(MAT_SetValues, mat, 0, 0, 0));
  if (mat->ops->setvalueslocal) PetscUseTypeMethod(mat, setvalueslocal, nrow, irow, ncol, icol, y, addv);
  else {
    PetscInt        buf[8192], *bufr = NULL, *bufc = NULL;
    const PetscInt *irowm, *icolm;

    if ((!mat->rmap->mapping && !mat->cmap->mapping) || (nrow + ncol) <= (PetscInt)(sizeof(buf) / sizeof(PetscInt))) {
      bufr  = buf;
      bufc  = buf + nrow;
      irowm = bufr;
      icolm = bufc;
    } else {
      PetscCall(PetscMalloc2(nrow, &bufr, ncol, &bufc));
      irowm = bufr;
      icolm = bufc;
    }
    if (mat->rmap->mapping) PetscCall(ISLocalToGlobalMappingApply(mat->rmap->mapping, nrow, irow, bufr));
    else irowm = irow;
    if (mat->cmap->mapping) {
      if (mat->cmap->mapping != mat->rmap->mapping || ncol != nrow || icol != irow) {
        PetscCall(ISLocalToGlobalMappingApply(mat->cmap->mapping, ncol, icol, bufc));
      } else icolm = irowm;
    } else icolm = icol;
    PetscCall(MatSetValues(mat, nrow, irowm, ncol, icolm, y, addv));
    if (bufr != buf) PetscCall(PetscFree2(bufr, bufc));
  }
  PetscCall(PetscLogEventEnd(MAT_SetValues, mat, 0, 0, 0));
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@C
   MatSetValuesBlockedLocal - Inserts or adds values into certain locations of a matrix,
   using a local ordering of the nodes a block at a time.

   Not Collective

   Input Parameters:
+  x - the matrix
.  nrow - number of rows
.  irow - the row local indices
.  ncol - number of columns
.  icol - the column local indices
.  y -  a logically two-dimensional array of values
-  addv - either `ADD_VALUES` to add values to any existing entries, or `INSERT_VALUES` to replace existing entries with new values

   Level: intermediate

   Notes:
   If you create the matrix yourself (that is not with a call to `DMCreateMatrix()`) then you MUST call MatXXXXSetPreallocation() or
      `MatSetUp()` before using this routine

   If you create the matrix yourself (that is not with a call to `DMCreateMatrix()`) then you MUST call `MatSetBlockSize()` and `MatSetLocalToGlobalMapping()`
      before using this routineBefore calling `MatSetValuesLocal()`, the user must first set the

   Calls to `MatSetValuesBlockedLocal()` with the `INSERT_VALUES` and `ADD_VALUES`
   options cannot be mixed without intervening calls to the assembly
   routines.

   These values may be cached, so `MatAssemblyBegin()` and `MatAssemblyEnd()`
   MUST be called after all calls to `MatSetValuesBlockedLocal()` have been completed.

   Developer Note:
    This is labeled with C so does not automatically generate Fortran stubs and interfaces
                    because it requires multiple Fortran interfaces depending on which arguments are scalar or arrays.

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `MatSetBlockSize()`, `MatSetLocalToGlobalMapping()`, `MatAssemblyBegin()`, `MatAssemblyEnd()`,
          `MatSetValuesLocal()`, `MatSetValuesBlocked()`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatSetValuesBlockedLocal(Mat mat, PetscInt nrow, const PetscInt irow[], PetscInt ncol, const PetscInt icol[], const PetscScalar y[], InsertMode addv)
{
  PetscFunctionBeginHot;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(mat, MAT_CLASSID, 1);
  PetscValidType(mat, 1);
  MatCheckPreallocated(mat, 1);
  if (!nrow || !ncol) PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS); /* no values to insert */
  PetscValidIntPointer(irow, 3);
  PetscValidIntPointer(icol, 5);
  if (mat->insertmode == NOT_SET_VALUES) mat->insertmode = addv;
  else PetscCheck(mat->insertmode == addv, PETSC_COMM_SELF, PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONGSTATE, "Cannot mix add values and insert values");
  if (PetscDefined(USE_DEBUG)) {
    PetscCheck(!mat->factortype, PETSC_COMM_SELF, PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONGSTATE, "Not for factored matrix");
    PetscCheck(mat->ops->setvaluesblockedlocal || mat->ops->setvaluesblocked || mat->ops->setvalueslocal || mat->ops->setvalues, PETSC_COMM_SELF, PETSC_ERR_SUP, "Mat type %s", ((PetscObject)mat)->type_name);
  }

  if (mat->assembled) {
    mat->was_assembled = PETSC_TRUE;
    mat->assembled     = PETSC_FALSE;
  }
  if (PetscUnlikelyDebug(mat->rmap->mapping)) { /* Condition on the mapping existing, because MatSetValuesBlockedLocal_IS does not require it to be set. */
    PetscInt irbs, rbs;
    PetscCall(MatGetBlockSizes(mat, &rbs, NULL));
    PetscCall(ISLocalToGlobalMappingGetBlockSize(mat->rmap->mapping, &irbs));
    PetscCheck(rbs == irbs, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_SUP, "Different row block sizes! mat %" PetscInt_FMT ", row l2g map %" PetscInt_FMT, rbs, irbs);
  }
  if (PetscUnlikelyDebug(mat->cmap->mapping)) {
    PetscInt icbs, cbs;
    PetscCall(MatGetBlockSizes(mat, NULL, &cbs));
    PetscCall(ISLocalToGlobalMappingGetBlockSize(mat->cmap->mapping, &icbs));
    PetscCheck(cbs == icbs, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_SUP, "Different col block sizes! mat %" PetscInt_FMT ", col l2g map %" PetscInt_FMT, cbs, icbs);
  }
  PetscCall(PetscLogEventBegin(MAT_SetValues, mat, 0, 0, 0));
  if (mat->ops->setvaluesblockedlocal) PetscUseTypeMethod(mat, setvaluesblockedlocal, nrow, irow, ncol, icol, y, addv);
  else {
    PetscInt        buf[8192], *bufr = NULL, *bufc = NULL;
    const PetscInt *irowm, *icolm;

    if ((!mat->rmap->mapping && !mat->cmap->mapping) || (nrow + ncol) <= (PetscInt)(sizeof(buf) / sizeof(PetscInt))) {
      bufr  = buf;
      bufc  = buf + nrow;
      irowm = bufr;
      icolm = bufc;
    } else {
      PetscCall(PetscMalloc2(nrow, &bufr, ncol, &bufc));
      irowm = bufr;
      icolm = bufc;
    }
    if (mat->rmap->mapping) PetscCall(ISLocalToGlobalMappingApplyBlock(mat->rmap->mapping, nrow, irow, bufr));
    else irowm = irow;
    if (mat->cmap->mapping) {
      if (mat->cmap->mapping != mat->rmap->mapping || ncol != nrow || icol != irow) {
        PetscCall(ISLocalToGlobalMappingApplyBlock(mat->cmap->mapping, ncol, icol, bufc));
      } else icolm = irowm;
    } else icolm = icol;
    PetscCall(MatSetValuesBlocked(mat, nrow, irowm, ncol, icolm, y, addv));
    if (bufr != buf) PetscCall(PetscFree2(bufr, bufc));
  }
  PetscCall(PetscLogEventEnd(MAT_SetValues, mat, 0, 0, 0));
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@
   MatMultDiagonalBlock - Computes the matrix-vector product, y = Dx. Where D is defined by the inode or block structure of the diagonal

   Collective

   Input Parameters:
+  mat - the matrix
-  x   - the vector to be multiplied

   Output Parameters:
.  y - the result

   Level: developer

   Note:
   The vectors `x` and `y` cannot be the same.  I.e., one cannot
   call `MatMultDiagonalBlock`(A,y,y).

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `MatMult()`, `MatMultTranspose()`, `MatMultAdd()`, `MatMultTransposeAdd()`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatMultDiagonalBlock(Mat mat, Vec x, Vec y)
{
  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(mat, MAT_CLASSID, 1);
  PetscValidType(mat, 1);
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(x, VEC_CLASSID, 2);
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(y, VEC_CLASSID, 3);

  PetscCheck(mat->assembled, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONGSTATE, "Not for unassembled matrix");
  PetscCheck(!mat->factortype, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONGSTATE, "Not for factored matrix");
  PetscCheck(x != y, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONGSTATE, "x and y must be different vectors");
  MatCheckPreallocated(mat, 1);

  PetscUseTypeMethod(mat, multdiagonalblock, x, y);
  PetscCall(PetscObjectStateIncrease((PetscObject)y));
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@
   MatMult - Computes the matrix-vector product, y = Ax.

   Neighbor-wise Collective

   Input Parameters:
+  mat - the matrix
-  x   - the vector to be multiplied

   Output Parameters:
.  y - the result

   Level: beginner

   Note:
   The vectors `x` and `y` cannot be the same.  I.e., one cannot
   call `MatMult`(A,y,y).

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `MatMultTranspose()`, `MatMultAdd()`, `MatMultTransposeAdd()`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatMult(Mat mat, Vec x, Vec y)
{
  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(mat, MAT_CLASSID, 1);
  PetscValidType(mat, 1);
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(x, VEC_CLASSID, 2);
  VecCheckAssembled(x);
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(y, VEC_CLASSID, 3);
  PetscCheck(mat->assembled, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONGSTATE, "Not for unassembled matrix");
  PetscCheck(!mat->factortype, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONGSTATE, "Not for factored matrix");
  PetscCheck(x != y, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONGSTATE, "x and y must be different vectors");
  PetscCheck(mat->cmap->N == x->map->N, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_ARG_SIZ, "Mat mat,Vec x: global dim %" PetscInt_FMT " %" PetscInt_FMT, mat->cmap->N, x->map->N);
  PetscCheck(mat->rmap->N == y->map->N, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_ARG_SIZ, "Mat mat,Vec y: global dim %" PetscInt_FMT " %" PetscInt_FMT, mat->rmap->N, y->map->N);
  PetscCheck(mat->cmap->n == x->map->n, PETSC_COMM_SELF, PETSC_ERR_ARG_SIZ, "Mat mat,Vec x: local dim %" PetscInt_FMT " %" PetscInt_FMT, mat->cmap->n, x->map->n);
  PetscCheck(mat->rmap->n == y->map->n, PETSC_COMM_SELF, PETSC_ERR_ARG_SIZ, "Mat mat,Vec y: local dim %" PetscInt_FMT " %" PetscInt_FMT, mat->rmap->n, y->map->n);
  PetscCall(VecSetErrorIfLocked(y, 3));
  if (mat->erroriffailure) PetscCall(VecValidValues_Internal(x, 2, PETSC_TRUE));
  MatCheckPreallocated(mat, 1);

  PetscCall(VecLockReadPush(x));
  PetscCall(PetscLogEventBegin(MAT_Mult, mat, x, y, 0));
  PetscUseTypeMethod(mat, mult, x, y);
  PetscCall(PetscLogEventEnd(MAT_Mult, mat, x, y, 0));
  if (mat->erroriffailure) PetscCall(VecValidValues_Internal(y, 3, PETSC_FALSE));
  PetscCall(VecLockReadPop(x));
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@
   MatMultTranspose - Computes matrix transpose times a vector y = A^T * x.

   Neighbor-wise Collective

   Input Parameters:
+  mat - the matrix
-  x   - the vector to be multiplied

   Output Parameters:
.  y - the result

   Level: beginner

   Notes:
   The vectors `x` and `y` cannot be the same.  I.e., one cannot
   call `MatMultTranspose`(A,y,y).

   For complex numbers this does NOT compute the Hermitian (complex conjugate) transpose multiple,
   use `MatMultHermitianTranspose()`

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `MatMult()`, `MatMultAdd()`, `MatMultTransposeAdd()`, `MatMultHermitianTranspose()`, `MatTranspose()`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatMultTranspose(Mat mat, Vec x, Vec y)
{
  PetscErrorCode (*op)(Mat, Vec, Vec) = NULL;

  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(mat, MAT_CLASSID, 1);
  PetscValidType(mat, 1);
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(x, VEC_CLASSID, 2);
  VecCheckAssembled(x);
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(y, VEC_CLASSID, 3);

  PetscCheck(mat->assembled, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONGSTATE, "Not for unassembled matrix");
  PetscCheck(!mat->factortype, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONGSTATE, "Not for factored matrix");
  PetscCheck(x != y, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONGSTATE, "x and y must be different vectors");
  PetscCheck(mat->cmap->N == y->map->N, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_ARG_SIZ, "Mat mat,Vec y: global dim %" PetscInt_FMT " %" PetscInt_FMT, mat->cmap->N, y->map->N);
  PetscCheck(mat->rmap->N == x->map->N, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_ARG_SIZ, "Mat mat,Vec x: global dim %" PetscInt_FMT " %" PetscInt_FMT, mat->rmap->N, x->map->N);
  PetscCheck(mat->cmap->n == y->map->n, PETSC_COMM_SELF, PETSC_ERR_ARG_SIZ, "Mat mat,Vec y: local dim %" PetscInt_FMT " %" PetscInt_FMT, mat->cmap->n, y->map->n);
  PetscCheck(mat->rmap->n == x->map->n, PETSC_COMM_SELF, PETSC_ERR_ARG_SIZ, "Mat mat,Vec x: local dim %" PetscInt_FMT " %" PetscInt_FMT, mat->rmap->n, x->map->n);
  if (mat->erroriffailure) PetscCall(VecValidValues_Internal(x, 2, PETSC_TRUE));
  MatCheckPreallocated(mat, 1);

  if (!mat->ops->multtranspose) {
    if (mat->symmetric == PETSC_BOOL3_TRUE && mat->ops->mult) op = mat->ops->mult;
    PetscCheck(op, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_SUP, "Matrix type %s does not have a multiply transpose defined or is symmetric and does not have a multiply defined", ((PetscObject)mat)->type_name);
  } else op = mat->ops->multtranspose;
  PetscCall(PetscLogEventBegin(MAT_MultTranspose, mat, x, y, 0));
  PetscCall(VecLockReadPush(x));
  PetscCall((*op)(mat, x, y));
  PetscCall(VecLockReadPop(x));
  PetscCall(PetscLogEventEnd(MAT_MultTranspose, mat, x, y, 0));
  PetscCall(PetscObjectStateIncrease((PetscObject)y));
  if (mat->erroriffailure) PetscCall(VecValidValues_Internal(y, 3, PETSC_FALSE));
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@
   MatMultHermitianTranspose - Computes matrix Hermitian transpose times a vector.

   Neighbor-wise Collective

   Input Parameters:
+  mat - the matrix
-  x   - the vector to be multilplied

   Output Parameters:
.  y - the result

   Level: beginner

   Notes:
   The vectors `x` and `y` cannot be the same.  I.e., one cannot
   call `MatMultHermitianTranspose`(A,y,y).

   Also called the conjugate transpose, complex conjugate transpose, or adjoint.

   For real numbers `MatMultTranspose()` and `MatMultHermitianTranspose()` are identical.

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `MatMult()`, `MatMultAdd()`, `MatMultHermitianTransposeAdd()`, `MatMultTranspose()`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatMultHermitianTranspose(Mat mat, Vec x, Vec y)
{
  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(mat, MAT_CLASSID, 1);
  PetscValidType(mat, 1);
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(x, VEC_CLASSID, 2);
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(y, VEC_CLASSID, 3);

  PetscCheck(mat->assembled, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONGSTATE, "Not for unassembled matrix");
  PetscCheck(!mat->factortype, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONGSTATE, "Not for factored matrix");
  PetscCheck(x != y, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONGSTATE, "x and y must be different vectors");
  PetscCheck(mat->cmap->N == y->map->N, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_ARG_SIZ, "Mat mat,Vec y: global dim %" PetscInt_FMT " %" PetscInt_FMT, mat->cmap->N, y->map->N);
  PetscCheck(mat->rmap->N == x->map->N, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_ARG_SIZ, "Mat mat,Vec x: global dim %" PetscInt_FMT " %" PetscInt_FMT, mat->rmap->N, x->map->N);
  PetscCheck(mat->cmap->n == y->map->n, PETSC_COMM_SELF, PETSC_ERR_ARG_SIZ, "Mat mat,Vec y: local dim %" PetscInt_FMT " %" PetscInt_FMT, mat->cmap->n, y->map->n);
  PetscCheck(mat->rmap->n == x->map->n, PETSC_COMM_SELF, PETSC_ERR_ARG_SIZ, "Mat mat,Vec x: local dim %" PetscInt_FMT " %" PetscInt_FMT, mat->rmap->n, x->map->n);
  MatCheckPreallocated(mat, 1);

  PetscCall(PetscLogEventBegin(MAT_MultHermitianTranspose, mat, x, y, 0));
#if defined(PETSC_USE_COMPLEX)
  if (mat->ops->multhermitiantranspose || (mat->hermitian == PETSC_BOOL3_TRUE && mat->ops->mult)) {
    PetscCall(VecLockReadPush(x));
    if (mat->ops->multhermitiantranspose) PetscUseTypeMethod(mat, multhermitiantranspose, x, y);
    else PetscUseTypeMethod(mat, mult, x, y);
    PetscCall(VecLockReadPop(x));
  } else {
    Vec w;
    PetscCall(VecDuplicate(x, &w));
    PetscCall(VecCopy(x, w));
    PetscCall(VecConjugate(w));
    PetscCall(MatMultTranspose(mat, w, y));
    PetscCall(VecDestroy(&w));
    PetscCall(VecConjugate(y));
  }
  PetscCall(PetscObjectStateIncrease((PetscObject)y));
#else
  PetscCall(MatMultTranspose(mat, x, y));
#endif
  PetscCall(PetscLogEventEnd(MAT_MultHermitianTranspose, mat, x, y, 0));
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@
    MatMultAdd -  Computes v3 = v2 + A * v1.

    Neighbor-wise Collective

    Input Parameters:
+   mat - the matrix
-   v1, v2 - the vectors

    Output Parameters:
.   v3 - the result

    Level: beginner

    Note:
    The vectors `v1` and `v3` cannot be the same.  I.e., one cannot
    call `MatMultAdd`(A,v1,v2,v1).

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `MatMultTranspose()`, `MatMult()`, `MatMultTransposeAdd()`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatMultAdd(Mat mat, Vec v1, Vec v2, Vec v3)
{
  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(mat, MAT_CLASSID, 1);
  PetscValidType(mat, 1);
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(v1, VEC_CLASSID, 2);
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(v2, VEC_CLASSID, 3);
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(v3, VEC_CLASSID, 4);

  PetscCheck(mat->assembled, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONGSTATE, "Not for unassembled matrix");
  PetscCheck(!mat->factortype, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONGSTATE, "Not for factored matrix");
  PetscCheck(mat->cmap->N == v1->map->N, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_ARG_SIZ, "Mat mat,Vec v1: global dim %" PetscInt_FMT " %" PetscInt_FMT, mat->cmap->N, v1->map->N);
  /* PetscCheck(mat->rmap->N == v2->map->N,PETSC_COMM_SELF,PETSC_ERR_ARG_SIZ,"Mat mat,Vec v2: global dim %" PetscInt_FMT " %" PetscInt_FMT,mat->rmap->N,v2->map->N);
     PetscCheck(mat->rmap->N == v3->map->N,PETSC_COMM_SELF,PETSC_ERR_ARG_SIZ,"Mat mat,Vec v3: global dim %" PetscInt_FMT " %" PetscInt_FMT,mat->rmap->N,v3->map->N); */
  PetscCheck(mat->rmap->n == v3->map->n, PETSC_COMM_SELF, PETSC_ERR_ARG_SIZ, "Mat mat,Vec v3: local dim %" PetscInt_FMT " %" PetscInt_FMT, mat->rmap->n, v3->map->n);
  PetscCheck(mat->rmap->n == v2->map->n, PETSC_COMM_SELF, PETSC_ERR_ARG_SIZ, "Mat mat,Vec v2: local dim %" PetscInt_FMT " %" PetscInt_FMT, mat->rmap->n, v2->map->n);
  PetscCheck(v1 != v3, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_ARG_IDN, "v1 and v3 must be different vectors");
  MatCheckPreallocated(mat, 1);

  PetscCall(PetscLogEventBegin(MAT_MultAdd, mat, v1, v2, v3));
  PetscCall(VecLockReadPush(v1));
  PetscUseTypeMethod(mat, multadd, v1, v2, v3);
  PetscCall(VecLockReadPop(v1));
  PetscCall(PetscLogEventEnd(MAT_MultAdd, mat, v1, v2, v3));
  PetscCall(PetscObjectStateIncrease((PetscObject)v3));
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@
   MatMultTransposeAdd - Computes v3 = v2 + A' * v1.

   Neighbor-wise Collective

   Input Parameters:
+  mat - the matrix
-  v1, v2 - the vectors

   Output Parameters:
.  v3 - the result

   Level: beginner

   Note:
   The vectors `v1` and `v3` cannot be the same.  I.e., one cannot
   call `MatMultTransposeAdd`(A,v1,v2,v1).

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `MatMultTranspose()`, `MatMultAdd()`, `MatMult()`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatMultTransposeAdd(Mat mat, Vec v1, Vec v2, Vec v3)
{
  PetscErrorCode (*op)(Mat, Vec, Vec, Vec) = (!mat->ops->multtransposeadd && mat->symmetric) ? mat->ops->multadd : mat->ops->multtransposeadd;

  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(mat, MAT_CLASSID, 1);
  PetscValidType(mat, 1);
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(v1, VEC_CLASSID, 2);
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(v2, VEC_CLASSID, 3);
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(v3, VEC_CLASSID, 4);

  PetscCheck(mat->assembled, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONGSTATE, "Not for unassembled matrix");
  PetscCheck(!mat->factortype, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONGSTATE, "Not for factored matrix");
  PetscCheck(mat->rmap->N == v1->map->N, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_ARG_SIZ, "Mat mat,Vec v1: global dim %" PetscInt_FMT " %" PetscInt_FMT, mat->rmap->N, v1->map->N);
  PetscCheck(mat->cmap->N == v2->map->N, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_ARG_SIZ, "Mat mat,Vec v2: global dim %" PetscInt_FMT " %" PetscInt_FMT, mat->cmap->N, v2->map->N);
  PetscCheck(mat->cmap->N == v3->map->N, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_ARG_SIZ, "Mat mat,Vec v3: global dim %" PetscInt_FMT " %" PetscInt_FMT, mat->cmap->N, v3->map->N);
  PetscCheck(v1 != v3, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_ARG_IDN, "v1 and v3 must be different vectors");
  PetscCheck(op, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_SUP, "Mat type %s", ((PetscObject)mat)->type_name);
  MatCheckPreallocated(mat, 1);

  PetscCall(PetscLogEventBegin(MAT_MultTransposeAdd, mat, v1, v2, v3));
  PetscCall(VecLockReadPush(v1));
  PetscCall((*op)(mat, v1, v2, v3));
  PetscCall(VecLockReadPop(v1));
  PetscCall(PetscLogEventEnd(MAT_MultTransposeAdd, mat, v1, v2, v3));
  PetscCall(PetscObjectStateIncrease((PetscObject)v3));
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@
   MatMultHermitianTransposeAdd - Computes v3 = v2 + A^H * v1.

   Neighbor-wise Collective

   Input Parameters:
+  mat - the matrix
-  v1, v2 - the vectors

   Output Parameters:
.  v3 - the result

   Level: beginner

   Note:
   The vectors `v1` and `v3` cannot be the same.  I.e., one cannot
   call `MatMultHermitianTransposeAdd`(A,v1,v2,v1).

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `MatMultHermitianTranspose()`, `MatMultTranspose()`, `MatMultAdd()`, `MatMult()`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatMultHermitianTransposeAdd(Mat mat, Vec v1, Vec v2, Vec v3)
{
  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(mat, MAT_CLASSID, 1);
  PetscValidType(mat, 1);
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(v1, VEC_CLASSID, 2);
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(v2, VEC_CLASSID, 3);
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(v3, VEC_CLASSID, 4);

  PetscCheck(mat->assembled, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONGSTATE, "Not for unassembled matrix");
  PetscCheck(!mat->factortype, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONGSTATE, "Not for factored matrix");
  PetscCheck(v1 != v3, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_ARG_IDN, "v1 and v3 must be different vectors");
  PetscCheck(mat->rmap->N == v1->map->N, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_ARG_SIZ, "Mat mat,Vec v1: global dim %" PetscInt_FMT " %" PetscInt_FMT, mat->rmap->N, v1->map->N);
  PetscCheck(mat->cmap->N == v2->map->N, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_ARG_SIZ, "Mat mat,Vec v2: global dim %" PetscInt_FMT " %" PetscInt_FMT, mat->cmap->N, v2->map->N);
  PetscCheck(mat->cmap->N == v3->map->N, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_ARG_SIZ, "Mat mat,Vec v3: global dim %" PetscInt_FMT " %" PetscInt_FMT, mat->cmap->N, v3->map->N);
  MatCheckPreallocated(mat, 1);

  PetscCall(PetscLogEventBegin(MAT_MultHermitianTransposeAdd, mat, v1, v2, v3));
  PetscCall(VecLockReadPush(v1));
  if (mat->ops->multhermitiantransposeadd) PetscUseTypeMethod(mat, multhermitiantransposeadd, v1, v2, v3);
  else {
    Vec w, z;
    PetscCall(VecDuplicate(v1, &w));
    PetscCall(VecCopy(v1, w));
    PetscCall(VecConjugate(w));
    PetscCall(VecDuplicate(v3, &z));
    PetscCall(MatMultTranspose(mat, w, z));
    PetscCall(VecDestroy(&w));
    PetscCall(VecConjugate(z));
    if (v2 != v3) {
      PetscCall(VecWAXPY(v3, 1.0, v2, z));
    } else {
      PetscCall(VecAXPY(v3, 1.0, z));
    }
    PetscCall(VecDestroy(&z));
  }
  PetscCall(VecLockReadPop(v1));
  PetscCall(PetscLogEventEnd(MAT_MultHermitianTransposeAdd, mat, v1, v2, v3));
  PetscCall(PetscObjectStateIncrease((PetscObject)v3));
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@C
   MatGetFactorType - gets the type of factorization it is

   Not Collective

   Input Parameters:
.  mat - the matrix

   Output Parameters:
.  t - the type, one of `MAT_FACTOR_NONE`, `MAT_FACTOR_LU`, `MAT_FACTOR_CHOLESKY`, `MAT_FACTOR_ILU`, `MAT_FACTOR_ICC,MAT_FACTOR_ILUDT`, `MAT_FACTOR_QR`

   Level: intermediate

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, [Matrix Factorization](sec_matfactor), `MatFactorType`, `MatGetFactor()`, `MatSetFactorType()`, `MAT_FACTOR_NONE`, `MAT_FACTOR_LU`, `MAT_FACTOR_CHOLESKY`, `MAT_FACTOR_ILU`,
          `MAT_FACTOR_ICC,MAT_FACTOR_ILUDT`, `MAT_FACTOR_QR`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatGetFactorType(Mat mat, MatFactorType *t)
{
  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(mat, MAT_CLASSID, 1);
  PetscValidType(mat, 1);
  PetscValidPointer(t, 2);
  *t = mat->factortype;
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@C
   MatSetFactorType - sets the type of factorization it is

   Logically Collective

   Input Parameters:
+  mat - the matrix
-  t - the type, one of `MAT_FACTOR_NONE`, `MAT_FACTOR_LU`, `MAT_FACTOR_CHOLESKY`, `MAT_FACTOR_ILU`, `MAT_FACTOR_ICC,MAT_FACTOR_ILUDT`, `MAT_FACTOR_QR`

   Level: intermediate

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, [Matrix Factorization](sec_matfactor), `MatFactorType`, `MatGetFactor()`, `MatGetFactorType()`, `MAT_FACTOR_NONE`, `MAT_FACTOR_LU`, `MAT_FACTOR_CHOLESKY`, `MAT_FACTOR_ILU`,
          `MAT_FACTOR_ICC,MAT_FACTOR_ILUDT`, `MAT_FACTOR_QR`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatSetFactorType(Mat mat, MatFactorType t)
{
  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(mat, MAT_CLASSID, 1);
  PetscValidType(mat, 1);
  mat->factortype = t;
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@C
   MatGetInfo - Returns information about matrix storage (number of
   nonzeros, memory, etc.).

   Collective if `MAT_GLOBAL_MAX` or `MAT_GLOBAL_SUM` is used as the flag

   Input Parameters:
+  mat - the matrix
-  flag - flag indicating the type of parameters to be returned (`MAT_LOCAL` - local matrix, `MAT_GLOBAL_MAX` - maximum over all processors, `MAT_GLOBAL_SUM` - sum over all processors)

   Output Parameters:
.  info - matrix information context

   Notes:
   The `MatInfo` context contains a variety of matrix data, including
   number of nonzeros allocated and used, number of mallocs during
   matrix assembly, etc.  Additional information for factored matrices
   is provided (such as the fill ratio, number of mallocs during
   factorization, etc.).  Much of this info is printed to `PETSC_STDOUT`
   when using the runtime options
$       -info -mat_view ::ascii_info

   Example:
   See the file ${PETSC_DIR}/include/petscmat.h for a complete list of
   data within the MatInfo context.  For example,
.vb
      MatInfo info;
      Mat     A;
      double  mal, nz_a, nz_u;

      MatGetInfo(A,MAT_LOCAL,&info);
      mal  = info.mallocs;
      nz_a = info.nz_allocated;
.ve

   Fortran users should declare info as a double precision
   array of dimension `MAT_INFO_SIZE`, and then extract the parameters
   of interest.  See the file ${PETSC_DIR}/include/petsc/finclude/petscmat.h
   a complete list of parameter names.
.vb
      double  precision info(MAT_INFO_SIZE)
      double  precision mal, nz_a
      Mat     A
      integer ierr

      call MatGetInfo(A,MAT_LOCAL,info,ierr)
      mal = info(MAT_INFO_MALLOCS)
      nz_a = info(MAT_INFO_NZ_ALLOCATED)
.ve

    Level: intermediate

    Developer Note:
    The Fortran interface is not autogenerated as the
    interface definition cannot be generated correctly [due to `MatInfo` argument]

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `MatInfo`, `MatStashGetInfo()`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatGetInfo(Mat mat, MatInfoType flag, MatInfo *info)
{
  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(mat, MAT_CLASSID, 1);
  PetscValidType(mat, 1);
  PetscValidPointer(info, 3);
  MatCheckPreallocated(mat, 1);
  PetscUseTypeMethod(mat, getinfo, flag, info);
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*
   This is used by external packages where it is not easy to get the info from the actual
   matrix factorization.
*/
PetscErrorCode MatGetInfo_External(Mat A, MatInfoType flag, MatInfo *info)
{
  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscCall(PetscMemzero(info, sizeof(MatInfo)));
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@C
   MatLUFactor - Performs in-place LU factorization of matrix.

   Collective

   Input Parameters:
+  mat - the matrix
.  row - row permutation
.  col - column permutation
-  info - options for factorization, includes
.vb
          fill - expected fill as ratio of original fill.
          dtcol - pivot tolerance (0 no pivot, 1 full column pivoting)
                   Run with the option -info to determine an optimal value to use
.ve
   Level: developer

   Notes:
   Most users should employ the `KSP` interface for linear solvers
   instead of working directly with matrix algebra routines such as this.
   See, e.g., `KSPCreate()`.

   This changes the state of the matrix to a factored matrix; it cannot be used
   for example with `MatSetValues()` unless one first calls `MatSetUnfactored()`.

   This is really in-place only for dense matrices, the preferred approach is to use `MatGetFactor()`, `MatLUFactorSymbolic()`, and `MatLUFactorNumeric()`
   when not using `KSP`.

   Developer Note:
   The Fortran interface is not autogenerated as the
   interface definition cannot be generated correctly [due to `MatFactorInfo`]

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), [Matrix Factorization](sec_matfactor), `Mat`, `MatFactorType`, `MatLUFactorSymbolic()`, `MatLUFactorNumeric()`, `MatCholeskyFactor()`,
          `MatGetOrdering()`, `MatSetUnfactored()`, `MatFactorInfo`, `MatGetFactor()`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatLUFactor(Mat mat, IS row, IS col, const MatFactorInfo *info)
{
  MatFactorInfo tinfo;

  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(mat, MAT_CLASSID, 1);
  if (row) PetscValidHeaderSpecific(row, IS_CLASSID, 2);
  if (col) PetscValidHeaderSpecific(col, IS_CLASSID, 3);
  if (info) PetscValidPointer(info, 4);
  PetscValidType(mat, 1);
  PetscCheck(mat->assembled, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONGSTATE, "Not for unassembled matrix");
  PetscCheck(!mat->factortype, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONGSTATE, "Not for factored matrix");
  MatCheckPreallocated(mat, 1);
  if (!info) {
    PetscCall(MatFactorInfoInitialize(&tinfo));
    info = &tinfo;
  }

  PetscCall(PetscLogEventBegin(MAT_LUFactor, mat, row, col, 0));
  PetscUseTypeMethod(mat, lufactor, row, col, info);
  PetscCall(PetscLogEventEnd(MAT_LUFactor, mat, row, col, 0));
  PetscCall(PetscObjectStateIncrease((PetscObject)mat));
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@C
   MatILUFactor - Performs in-place ILU factorization of matrix.

   Collective

   Input Parameters:
+  mat - the matrix
.  row - row permutation
.  col - column permutation
-  info - structure containing
.vb
      levels - number of levels of fill.
      expected fill - as ratio of original fill.
      1 or 0 - indicating force fill on diagonal (improves robustness for matrices
                missing diagonal entries)
.ve

   Level: developer

   Notes:
   Most users should employ the `KSP` interface for linear solvers
   instead of working directly with matrix algebra routines such as this.
   See, e.g., `KSPCreate()`.

   Probably really in-place only when level of fill is zero, otherwise allocates
   new space to store factored matrix and deletes previous memory. The preferred approach is to use `MatGetFactor()`, `MatILUFactorSymbolic()`, and `MatILUFactorNumeric()`
   when not using `KSP`.

   Developer Note:
   The Fortran interface is not autogenerated as the
   interface definition cannot be generated correctly [due to MatFactorInfo]

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, [Matrix Factorization](sec_matfactor), `MatILUFactorSymbolic()`, `MatLUFactorNumeric()`, `MatCholeskyFactor()`, `MatFactorInfo`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatILUFactor(Mat mat, IS row, IS col, const MatFactorInfo *info)
{
  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(mat, MAT_CLASSID, 1);
  if (row) PetscValidHeaderSpecific(row, IS_CLASSID, 2);
  if (col) PetscValidHeaderSpecific(col, IS_CLASSID, 3);
  PetscValidPointer(info, 4);
  PetscValidType(mat, 1);
  PetscCheck(mat->rmap->N == mat->cmap->N, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONG, "matrix must be square");
  PetscCheck(mat->assembled, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONGSTATE, "Not for unassembled matrix");
  PetscCheck(!mat->factortype, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONGSTATE, "Not for factored matrix");
  MatCheckPreallocated(mat, 1);

  PetscCall(PetscLogEventBegin(MAT_ILUFactor, mat, row, col, 0));
  PetscUseTypeMethod(mat, ilufactor, row, col, info);
  PetscCall(PetscLogEventEnd(MAT_ILUFactor, mat, row, col, 0));
  PetscCall(PetscObjectStateIncrease((PetscObject)mat));
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@C
   MatLUFactorSymbolic - Performs symbolic LU factorization of matrix.
   Call this routine before calling `MatLUFactorNumeric()` and after `MatGetFactor()`.

   Collective

   Input Parameters:
+  fact - the factor matrix obtained with `MatGetFactor()`
.  mat - the matrix
.  row, col - row and column permutations
-  info - options for factorization, includes
.vb
          fill - expected fill as ratio of original fill. Run with the option -info to determine an optimal value to use
          dtcol - pivot tolerance (0 no pivot, 1 full column pivoting)
.ve

   Level: developer

   Notes:
    See [Matrix Factorization](sec_matfactor) for additional information about factorizations

   Most users should employ the simplified `KSP` interface for linear solvers
   instead of working directly with matrix algebra routines such as this.
   See, e.g., `KSPCreate()`.

   Developer Note:
   The Fortran interface is not autogenerated as the
   interface definition cannot be generated correctly [due to `MatFactorInfo`]

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, [Matrix Factorization](sec_matfactor), `MatGetFactor()`, `MatLUFactor()`, `MatLUFactorNumeric()`, `MatCholeskyFactor()`, `MatFactorInfo`, `MatFactorInfoInitialize()`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatLUFactorSymbolic(Mat fact, Mat mat, IS row, IS col, const MatFactorInfo *info)
{
  MatFactorInfo tinfo;

  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(mat, MAT_CLASSID, 2);
  if (row) PetscValidHeaderSpecific(row, IS_CLASSID, 3);
  if (col) PetscValidHeaderSpecific(col, IS_CLASSID, 4);
  if (info) PetscValidPointer(info, 5);
  PetscValidType(mat, 2);
  PetscValidPointer(fact, 1);
  PetscCheck(mat->assembled, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONGSTATE, "Not for unassembled matrix");
  PetscCheck(!mat->factortype, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONGSTATE, "Not for factored matrix");
  if (!(fact)->ops->lufactorsymbolic) {
    MatSolverType stype;
    PetscCall(MatFactorGetSolverType(fact, &stype));
    SETERRQ(PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_SUP, "Matrix type %s symbolic LU using solver package %s", ((PetscObject)mat)->type_name, stype);
  }
  MatCheckPreallocated(mat, 2);
  if (!info) {
    PetscCall(MatFactorInfoInitialize(&tinfo));
    info = &tinfo;
  }

  if (!fact->trivialsymbolic) PetscCall(PetscLogEventBegin(MAT_LUFactorSymbolic, mat, row, col, 0));
  PetscCall((fact->ops->lufactorsymbolic)(fact, mat, row, col, info));
  if (!fact->trivialsymbolic) PetscCall(PetscLogEventEnd(MAT_LUFactorSymbolic, mat, row, col, 0));
  PetscCall(PetscObjectStateIncrease((PetscObject)fact));
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@C
   MatLUFactorNumeric - Performs numeric LU factorization of a matrix.
   Call this routine after first calling `MatLUFactorSymbolic()` and `MatGetFactor()`.

   Collective

   Input Parameters:
+  fact - the factor matrix obtained with `MatGetFactor()`
.  mat - the matrix
-  info - options for factorization

   Level: developer

   Notes:
   See `MatLUFactor()` for in-place factorization.  See
   `MatCholeskyFactorNumeric()` for the symmetric, positive definite case.

   Most users should employ the `KSP` interface for linear solvers
   instead of working directly with matrix algebra routines such as this.
   See, e.g., `KSPCreate()`.

    Developer Note:
    The Fortran interface is not autogenerated as the
    interface definition cannot be generated correctly [due to `MatFactorInfo`]

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, [Matrix Factorization](sec_matfactor), `MatGetFactor()`, `MatFactorInfo`, `MatLUFactorSymbolic()`, `MatLUFactor()`, `MatCholeskyFactor()`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatLUFactorNumeric(Mat fact, Mat mat, const MatFactorInfo *info)
{
  MatFactorInfo tinfo;

  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(mat, MAT_CLASSID, 2);
  PetscValidType(mat, 2);
  PetscValidPointer(fact, 1);
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(fact, MAT_CLASSID, 1);
  PetscCheck(mat->assembled, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONGSTATE, "Not for unassembled matrix");
  PetscCheck(mat->rmap->N == (fact)->rmap->N && mat->cmap->N == (fact)->cmap->N, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_ARG_SIZ, "Mat mat,Mat fact: global dimensions are different %" PetscInt_FMT " should = %" PetscInt_FMT " %" PetscInt_FMT " should = %" PetscInt_FMT,
             mat->rmap->N, (fact)->rmap->N, mat->cmap->N, (fact)->cmap->N);

  PetscCheck((fact)->ops->lufactornumeric, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_SUP, "Mat type %s numeric LU", ((PetscObject)mat)->type_name);
  MatCheckPreallocated(mat, 2);
  if (!info) {
    PetscCall(MatFactorInfoInitialize(&tinfo));
    info = &tinfo;
  }

  if (!fact->trivialsymbolic) PetscCall(PetscLogEventBegin(MAT_LUFactorNumeric, mat, fact, 0, 0));
  else PetscCall(PetscLogEventBegin(MAT_LUFactor, mat, fact, 0, 0));
  PetscCall((fact->ops->lufactornumeric)(fact, mat, info));
  if (!fact->trivialsymbolic) PetscCall(PetscLogEventEnd(MAT_LUFactorNumeric, mat, fact, 0, 0));
  else PetscCall(PetscLogEventEnd(MAT_LUFactor, mat, fact, 0, 0));
  PetscCall(MatViewFromOptions(fact, NULL, "-mat_factor_view"));
  PetscCall(PetscObjectStateIncrease((PetscObject)fact));
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@C
   MatCholeskyFactor - Performs in-place Cholesky factorization of a
   symmetric matrix.

   Collective

   Input Parameters:
+  mat - the matrix
.  perm - row and column permutations
-  f - expected fill as ratio of original fill

   Level: developer

   Notes:
   See `MatLUFactor()` for the nonsymmetric case.  See also `MatGetFactor()`,
   `MatCholeskyFactorSymbolic()`, and `MatCholeskyFactorNumeric()`.

   Most users should employ the `KSP` interface for linear solvers
   instead of working directly with matrix algebra routines such as this.
   See, e.g., `KSPCreate()`.

   Developer Note:
   The Fortran interface is not autogenerated as the
   interface definition cannot be generated correctly [due to `MatFactorInfo`]

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, [Matrix Factorization](sec_matfactor), `MatGetFactor()`, `MatFactorInfo`, `MatLUFactor()`, `MatCholeskyFactorSymbolic()`, `MatCholeskyFactorNumeric()`
          `MatGetOrdering()`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatCholeskyFactor(Mat mat, IS perm, const MatFactorInfo *info)
{
  MatFactorInfo tinfo;

  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(mat, MAT_CLASSID, 1);
  PetscValidType(mat, 1);
  if (perm) PetscValidHeaderSpecific(perm, IS_CLASSID, 2);
  if (info) PetscValidPointer(info, 3);
  PetscCheck(mat->rmap->N == mat->cmap->N, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONG, "Matrix must be square");
  PetscCheck(mat->assembled, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONGSTATE, "Not for unassembled matrix");
  PetscCheck(!mat->factortype, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONGSTATE, "Not for factored matrix");
  MatCheckPreallocated(mat, 1);
  if (!info) {
    PetscCall(MatFactorInfoInitialize(&tinfo));
    info = &tinfo;
  }

  PetscCall(PetscLogEventBegin(MAT_CholeskyFactor, mat, perm, 0, 0));
  PetscUseTypeMethod(mat, choleskyfactor, perm, info);
  PetscCall(PetscLogEventEnd(MAT_CholeskyFactor, mat, perm, 0, 0));
  PetscCall(PetscObjectStateIncrease((PetscObject)mat));
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@C
   MatCholeskyFactorSymbolic - Performs symbolic Cholesky factorization
   of a symmetric matrix.

   Collective

   Input Parameters:
+  fact - the factor matrix obtained with `MatGetFactor()`
.  mat - the matrix
.  perm - row and column permutations
-  info - options for factorization, includes
.vb
          fill - expected fill as ratio of original fill.
          dtcol - pivot tolerance (0 no pivot, 1 full column pivoting)
                   Run with the option -info to determine an optimal value to use
.ve

   Level: developer

   Notes:
   See `MatLUFactorSymbolic()` for the nonsymmetric case.  See also
   `MatCholeskyFactor()` and `MatCholeskyFactorNumeric()`.

   Most users should employ the `KSP` interface for linear solvers
   instead of working directly with matrix algebra routines such as this.
   See, e.g., `KSPCreate()`.

   Developer Note:
   The Fortran interface is not autogenerated as the
   interface definition cannot be generated correctly [due to `MatFactorInfo`]

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, [Matrix Factorization](sec_matfactor), `MatFactorInfo`, `MatGetFactor()`, `MatLUFactorSymbolic()`, `MatCholeskyFactor()`, `MatCholeskyFactorNumeric()`
          `MatGetOrdering()`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatCholeskyFactorSymbolic(Mat fact, Mat mat, IS perm, const MatFactorInfo *info)
{
  MatFactorInfo tinfo;

  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(mat, MAT_CLASSID, 2);
  PetscValidType(mat, 2);
  if (perm) PetscValidHeaderSpecific(perm, IS_CLASSID, 3);
  if (info) PetscValidPointer(info, 4);
  PetscValidPointer(fact, 1);
  PetscCheck(mat->rmap->N == mat->cmap->N, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONG, "Matrix must be square");
  PetscCheck(mat->assembled, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONGSTATE, "Not for unassembled matrix");
  PetscCheck(!mat->factortype, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONGSTATE, "Not for factored matrix");
  if (!(fact)->ops->choleskyfactorsymbolic) {
    MatSolverType stype;
    PetscCall(MatFactorGetSolverType(fact, &stype));
    SETERRQ(PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_SUP, "Mat type %s symbolic factor Cholesky using solver package %s", ((PetscObject)mat)->type_name, stype);
  }
  MatCheckPreallocated(mat, 2);
  if (!info) {
    PetscCall(MatFactorInfoInitialize(&tinfo));
    info = &tinfo;
  }

  if (!fact->trivialsymbolic) PetscCall(PetscLogEventBegin(MAT_CholeskyFactorSymbolic, mat, perm, 0, 0));
  PetscCall((fact->ops->choleskyfactorsymbolic)(fact, mat, perm, info));
  if (!fact->trivialsymbolic) PetscCall(PetscLogEventEnd(MAT_CholeskyFactorSymbolic, mat, perm, 0, 0));
  PetscCall(PetscObjectStateIncrease((PetscObject)fact));
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@C
   MatCholeskyFactorNumeric - Performs numeric Cholesky factorization
   of a symmetric matrix. Call this routine after first calling `MatGetFactor()` and
   `MatCholeskyFactorSymbolic()`.

   Collective

   Input Parameters:
+  fact - the factor matrix obtained with `MatGetFactor()`
.  mat - the initial matrix
.  info - options for factorization
-  fact - the symbolic factor of mat

   Level: developer

   Note:
   Most users should employ the `KSP` interface for linear solvers
   instead of working directly with matrix algebra routines such as this.
   See, e.g., `KSPCreate()`.

   Developer Note:
   The Fortran interface is not autogenerated as the
   interface definition cannot be generated correctly [due to `MatFactorInfo`]

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, [Matrix Factorization](sec_matfactor), `MatFactorInfo`, `MatGetFactor()`, `MatCholeskyFactorSymbolic()`, `MatCholeskyFactor()`, `MatLUFactorNumeric()`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatCholeskyFactorNumeric(Mat fact, Mat mat, const MatFactorInfo *info)
{
  MatFactorInfo tinfo;

  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(mat, MAT_CLASSID, 2);
  PetscValidType(mat, 2);
  PetscValidPointer(fact, 1);
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(fact, MAT_CLASSID, 1);
  PetscCheck(mat->assembled, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONGSTATE, "Not for unassembled matrix");
  PetscCheck((fact)->ops->choleskyfactornumeric, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_SUP, "Mat type %s numeric factor Cholesky", ((PetscObject)mat)->type_name);
  PetscCheck(mat->rmap->N == (fact)->rmap->N && mat->cmap->N == (fact)->cmap->N, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_ARG_SIZ, "Mat mat,Mat fact: global dim %" PetscInt_FMT " should = %" PetscInt_FMT " %" PetscInt_FMT " should = %" PetscInt_FMT,
             mat->rmap->N, (fact)->rmap->N, mat->cmap->N, (fact)->cmap->N);
  MatCheckPreallocated(mat, 2);
  if (!info) {
    PetscCall(MatFactorInfoInitialize(&tinfo));
    info = &tinfo;
  }

  if (!fact->trivialsymbolic) PetscCall(PetscLogEventBegin(MAT_CholeskyFactorNumeric, mat, fact, 0, 0));
  else PetscCall(PetscLogEventBegin(MAT_CholeskyFactor, mat, fact, 0, 0));
  PetscCall((fact->ops->choleskyfactornumeric)(fact, mat, info));
  if (!fact->trivialsymbolic) PetscCall(PetscLogEventEnd(MAT_CholeskyFactorNumeric, mat, fact, 0, 0));
  else PetscCall(PetscLogEventEnd(MAT_CholeskyFactor, mat, fact, 0, 0));
  PetscCall(MatViewFromOptions(fact, NULL, "-mat_factor_view"));
  PetscCall(PetscObjectStateIncrease((PetscObject)fact));
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@
   MatQRFactor - Performs in-place QR factorization of matrix.

   Collective

   Input Parameters:
+  mat - the matrix
.  col - column permutation
-  info - options for factorization, includes
.vb
          fill - expected fill as ratio of original fill.
          dtcol - pivot tolerance (0 no pivot, 1 full column pivoting)
                   Run with the option -info to determine an optimal value to use
.ve

   Level: developer

   Notes:
   Most users should employ the `KSP` interface for linear solvers
   instead of working directly with matrix algebra routines such as this.
   See, e.g., `KSPCreate()`.

   This changes the state of the matrix to a factored matrix; it cannot be used
   for example with `MatSetValues()` unless one first calls `MatSetUnfactored()`.

   Developer Note:
   The Fortran interface is not autogenerated as the
   interface definition cannot be generated correctly [due to MatFactorInfo]

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, [Matrix Factorization](sec_matfactor), `MatFactorInfo`, `MatGetFactor()`, `MatQRFactorSymbolic()`, `MatQRFactorNumeric()`, `MatLUFactor()`,
          `MatSetUnfactored()`, `MatFactorInfo`, `MatGetFactor()`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatQRFactor(Mat mat, IS col, const MatFactorInfo *info)
{
  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(mat, MAT_CLASSID, 1);
  if (col) PetscValidHeaderSpecific(col, IS_CLASSID, 2);
  if (info) PetscValidPointer(info, 3);
  PetscValidType(mat, 1);
  PetscCheck(mat->assembled, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONGSTATE, "Not for unassembled matrix");
  PetscCheck(!mat->factortype, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONGSTATE, "Not for factored matrix");
  MatCheckPreallocated(mat, 1);
  PetscCall(PetscLogEventBegin(MAT_QRFactor, mat, col, 0, 0));
  PetscUseMethod(mat, "MatQRFactor_C", (Mat, IS, const MatFactorInfo *), (mat, col, info));
  PetscCall(PetscLogEventEnd(MAT_QRFactor, mat, col, 0, 0));
  PetscCall(PetscObjectStateIncrease((PetscObject)mat));
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@
   MatQRFactorSymbolic - Performs symbolic QR factorization of matrix.
   Call this routine after `MatGetFactor()` but before calling `MatQRFactorNumeric()`.

   Collective

   Input Parameters:
+  fact - the factor matrix obtained with `MatGetFactor()`
.  mat - the matrix
.  col - column permutation
-  info - options for factorization, includes
.vb
          fill - expected fill as ratio of original fill.
          dtcol - pivot tolerance (0 no pivot, 1 full column pivoting)
                   Run with the option -info to determine an optimal value to use
.ve

   Level: developer

   Note:
   Most users should employ the `KSP` interface for linear solvers
   instead of working directly with matrix algebra routines such as this.
   See, e.g., `KSPCreate()`.

   Developer Note:
   The Fortran interface is not autogenerated as the
   interface definition cannot be generated correctly [due to `MatFactorInfo`]

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, [Matrix Factorization](sec_matfactor), `MatGetFactor()`, `MatFactorInfo`, `MatQRFactor()`, `MatQRFactorNumeric()`, `MatLUFactor()`, `MatFactorInfo`, `MatFactorInfoInitialize()`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatQRFactorSymbolic(Mat fact, Mat mat, IS col, const MatFactorInfo *info)
{
  MatFactorInfo tinfo;

  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(mat, MAT_CLASSID, 2);
  if (col) PetscValidHeaderSpecific(col, IS_CLASSID, 3);
  if (info) PetscValidPointer(info, 4);
  PetscValidType(mat, 2);
  PetscValidPointer(fact, 1);
  PetscCheck(mat->assembled, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONGSTATE, "Not for unassembled matrix");
  PetscCheck(!mat->factortype, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONGSTATE, "Not for factored matrix");
  MatCheckPreallocated(mat, 2);
  if (!info) {
    PetscCall(MatFactorInfoInitialize(&tinfo));
    info = &tinfo;
  }

  if (!fact->trivialsymbolic) PetscCall(PetscLogEventBegin(MAT_QRFactorSymbolic, fact, mat, col, 0));
  PetscUseMethod(fact, "MatQRFactorSymbolic_C", (Mat, Mat, IS, const MatFactorInfo *), (fact, mat, col, info));
  if (!fact->trivialsymbolic) PetscCall(PetscLogEventEnd(MAT_QRFactorSymbolic, fact, mat, col, 0));
  PetscCall(PetscObjectStateIncrease((PetscObject)fact));
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@
   MatQRFactorNumeric - Performs numeric QR factorization of a matrix.
   Call this routine after first calling `MatGetFactor()`, and `MatQRFactorSymbolic()`.

   Collective

   Input Parameters:
+  fact - the factor matrix obtained with `MatGetFactor()`
.  mat - the matrix
-  info - options for factorization

   Level: developer

   Notes:
   See `MatQRFactor()` for in-place factorization.

   Most users should employ the `KSP` interface for linear solvers
   instead of working directly with matrix algebra routines such as this.
   See, e.g., `KSPCreate()`.

   Developer Note:
   The Fortran interface is not autogenerated as the
   interface definition cannot be generated correctly [due to `MatFactorInfo`]

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, [Matrix Factorization](sec_matfactor), `MatFactorInfo`, `MatGetFactor()`, `MatQRFactor()`, `MatQRFactorSymbolic()`, `MatLUFactor()`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatQRFactorNumeric(Mat fact, Mat mat, const MatFactorInfo *info)
{
  MatFactorInfo tinfo;

  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(mat, MAT_CLASSID, 2);
  PetscValidType(mat, 2);
  PetscValidPointer(fact, 1);
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(fact, MAT_CLASSID, 1);
  PetscCheck(mat->assembled, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONGSTATE, "Not for unassembled matrix");
  PetscCheck(mat->rmap->N == fact->rmap->N && mat->cmap->N == fact->cmap->N, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_ARG_SIZ, "Mat mat,Mat fact: global dimensions are different %" PetscInt_FMT " should = %" PetscInt_FMT " %" PetscInt_FMT " should = %" PetscInt_FMT,
             mat->rmap->N, (fact)->rmap->N, mat->cmap->N, (fact)->cmap->N);

  MatCheckPreallocated(mat, 2);
  if (!info) {
    PetscCall(MatFactorInfoInitialize(&tinfo));
    info = &tinfo;
  }

  if (!fact->trivialsymbolic) PetscCall(PetscLogEventBegin(MAT_QRFactorNumeric, mat, fact, 0, 0));
  else PetscCall(PetscLogEventBegin(MAT_QRFactor, mat, fact, 0, 0));
  PetscUseMethod(fact, "MatQRFactorNumeric_C", (Mat, Mat, const MatFactorInfo *), (fact, mat, info));
  if (!fact->trivialsymbolic) PetscCall(PetscLogEventEnd(MAT_QRFactorNumeric, mat, fact, 0, 0));
  else PetscCall(PetscLogEventEnd(MAT_QRFactor, mat, fact, 0, 0));
  PetscCall(MatViewFromOptions(fact, NULL, "-mat_factor_view"));
  PetscCall(PetscObjectStateIncrease((PetscObject)fact));
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@
   MatSolve - Solves A x = b, given a factored matrix.

   Neighbor-wise Collective

   Input Parameters:
+  mat - the factored matrix
-  b - the right-hand-side vector

   Output Parameter:
.  x - the result vector

   Level: developer

   Notes:
   The vectors `b` and `x` cannot be the same.  I.e., one cannot
   call `MatSolve`(A,x,x).

   Most users should employ the `KSP` interface for linear solvers
   instead of working directly with matrix algebra routines such as this.
   See, e.g., `KSPCreate()`.

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, [Matrix Factorization](sec_matfactor), `MatGetFactor()`, `MatLUFactor()`, `MatSolveAdd()`, `MatSolveTranspose()`, `MatSolveTransposeAdd()`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatSolve(Mat mat, Vec b, Vec x)
{
  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(mat, MAT_CLASSID, 1);
  PetscValidType(mat, 1);
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(b, VEC_CLASSID, 2);
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(x, VEC_CLASSID, 3);
  PetscCheckSameComm(mat, 1, b, 2);
  PetscCheckSameComm(mat, 1, x, 3);
  PetscCheck(x != b, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_ARG_IDN, "x and b must be different vectors");
  PetscCheck(mat->cmap->N == x->map->N, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_ARG_SIZ, "Mat mat,Vec x: global dim %" PetscInt_FMT " %" PetscInt_FMT, mat->cmap->N, x->map->N);
  PetscCheck(mat->rmap->N == b->map->N, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_ARG_SIZ, "Mat mat,Vec b: global dim %" PetscInt_FMT " %" PetscInt_FMT, mat->rmap->N, b->map->N);
  PetscCheck(mat->rmap->n == b->map->n, PETSC_COMM_SELF, PETSC_ERR_ARG_SIZ, "Mat mat,Vec b: local dim %" PetscInt_FMT " %" PetscInt_FMT, mat->rmap->n, b->map->n);
  if (!mat->rmap->N && !mat->cmap->N) PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
  MatCheckPreallocated(mat, 1);

  PetscCall(PetscLogEventBegin(MAT_Solve, mat, b, x, 0));
  if (mat->factorerrortype) {
    PetscCall(PetscInfo(mat, "MatFactorError %d\n", mat->factorerrortype));
    PetscCall(VecSetInf(x));
  } else PetscUseTypeMethod(mat, solve, b, x);
  PetscCall(PetscLogEventEnd(MAT_Solve, mat, b, x, 0));
  PetscCall(PetscObjectStateIncrease((PetscObject)x));
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

static PetscErrorCode MatMatSolve_Basic(Mat A, Mat B, Mat X, PetscBool trans)
{
  Vec      b, x;
  PetscInt N, i;
  PetscErrorCode (*f)(Mat, Vec, Vec);
  PetscBool Abound, Bneedconv = PETSC_FALSE, Xneedconv = PETSC_FALSE;

  PetscFunctionBegin;
  if (A->factorerrortype) {
    PetscCall(PetscInfo(A, "MatFactorError %d\n", A->factorerrortype));
    PetscCall(MatSetInf(X));
    PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
  }
  f = (!trans || (!A->ops->solvetranspose && A->symmetric)) ? A->ops->solve : A->ops->solvetranspose;
  PetscCheck(f, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)A), PETSC_ERR_SUP, "Mat type %s", ((PetscObject)A)->type_name);
  PetscCall(MatBoundToCPU(A, &Abound));
  if (!Abound) {
    PetscCall(PetscObjectTypeCompareAny((PetscObject)B, &Bneedconv, MATSEQDENSE, MATMPIDENSE, ""));
    PetscCall(PetscObjectTypeCompareAny((PetscObject)X, &Xneedconv, MATSEQDENSE, MATMPIDENSE, ""));
  }
#if defined(PETSC_HAVE_CUDA)
  if (Bneedconv) PetscCall(MatConvert(B, MATDENSECUDA, MAT_INPLACE_MATRIX, &B));
  if (Xneedconv) PetscCall(MatConvert(X, MATDENSECUDA, MAT_INPLACE_MATRIX, &X));
#elif (PETSC_HAVE_HIP)
  if (Bneedconv) PetscCall(MatConvert(B, MATDENSEHIP, MAT_INPLACE_MATRIX, &B));
  if (Xneedconv) PetscCall(MatConvert(X, MATDENSEHIP, MAT_INPLACE_MATRIX, &X));
#endif
  PetscCall(MatGetSize(B, NULL, &N));
  for (i = 0; i < N; i++) {
    PetscCall(MatDenseGetColumnVecRead(B, i, &b));
    PetscCall(MatDenseGetColumnVecWrite(X, i, &x));
    PetscCall((*f)(A, b, x));
    PetscCall(MatDenseRestoreColumnVecWrite(X, i, &x));
    PetscCall(MatDenseRestoreColumnVecRead(B, i, &b));
  }
  if (Bneedconv) PetscCall(MatConvert(B, MATDENSE, MAT_INPLACE_MATRIX, &B));
  if (Xneedconv) PetscCall(MatConvert(X, MATDENSE, MAT_INPLACE_MATRIX, &X));
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@
   MatMatSolve - Solves A X = B, given a factored matrix.

   Neighbor-wise Collective

   Input Parameters:
+  A - the factored matrix
-  B - the right-hand-side matrix `MATDENSE` (or sparse `MATAIJ`-- when using MUMPS)

   Output Parameter:
.  X - the result matrix (dense matrix)

   Level: developer

   Note:
   If `B` is a `MATDENSE` matrix then one can call `MatMatSolve`(A,B,B) except with `MATSOLVERMKL_CPARDISO`;
   otherwise, `B` and `X` cannot be the same.

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, [Matrix Factorization](sec_matfactor), `MatGetFactor()`, `MatSolve()`, `MatMatSolveTranspose()`, `MatLUFactor()`, `MatCholeskyFactor()`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatMatSolve(Mat A, Mat B, Mat X)
{
  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(A, MAT_CLASSID, 1);
  PetscValidType(A, 1);
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(B, MAT_CLASSID, 2);
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(X, MAT_CLASSID, 3);
  PetscCheckSameComm(A, 1, B, 2);
  PetscCheckSameComm(A, 1, X, 3);
  PetscCheck(A->cmap->N == X->rmap->N, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)A), PETSC_ERR_ARG_SIZ, "Mat A,Mat X: global dim %" PetscInt_FMT " %" PetscInt_FMT, A->cmap->N, X->rmap->N);
  PetscCheck(A->rmap->N == B->rmap->N, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)A), PETSC_ERR_ARG_SIZ, "Mat A,Mat B: global dim %" PetscInt_FMT " %" PetscInt_FMT, A->rmap->N, B->rmap->N);
  PetscCheck(X->cmap->N == B->cmap->N, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)A), PETSC_ERR_ARG_SIZ, "Solution matrix must have same number of columns as rhs matrix");
  if (!A->rmap->N && !A->cmap->N) PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
  PetscCheck(A->factortype, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)A), PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONGSTATE, "Unfactored matrix");
  MatCheckPreallocated(A, 1);

  PetscCall(PetscLogEventBegin(MAT_MatSolve, A, B, X, 0));
  if (!A->ops->matsolve) {
    PetscCall(PetscInfo(A, "Mat type %s using basic MatMatSolve\n", ((PetscObject)A)->type_name));
    PetscCall(MatMatSolve_Basic(A, B, X, PETSC_FALSE));
  } else PetscUseTypeMethod(A, matsolve, B, X);
  PetscCall(PetscLogEventEnd(MAT_MatSolve, A, B, X, 0));
  PetscCall(PetscObjectStateIncrease((PetscObject)X));
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@
   MatMatSolveTranspose - Solves A^T X = B, given a factored matrix.

   Neighbor-wise Collective

   Input Parameters:
+  A - the factored matrix
-  B - the right-hand-side matrix  (`MATDENSE` matrix)

   Output Parameter:
.  X - the result matrix (dense matrix)

   Level: developer

   Note:
   The matrices `B` and `X` cannot be the same.  I.e., one cannot
   call `MatMatSolveTranspose`(A,X,X).

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, [Matrix Factorization](sec_matfactor), `MatGetFactor()`, `MatSolveTranspose()`, `MatMatSolve()`, `MatLUFactor()`, `MatCholeskyFactor()`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatMatSolveTranspose(Mat A, Mat B, Mat X)
{
  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(A, MAT_CLASSID, 1);
  PetscValidType(A, 1);
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(B, MAT_CLASSID, 2);
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(X, MAT_CLASSID, 3);
  PetscCheckSameComm(A, 1, B, 2);
  PetscCheckSameComm(A, 1, X, 3);
  PetscCheck(X != B, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)A), PETSC_ERR_ARG_IDN, "X and B must be different matrices");
  PetscCheck(A->cmap->N == X->rmap->N, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)A), PETSC_ERR_ARG_SIZ, "Mat A,Mat X: global dim %" PetscInt_FMT " %" PetscInt_FMT, A->cmap->N, X->rmap->N);
  PetscCheck(A->rmap->N == B->rmap->N, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)A), PETSC_ERR_ARG_SIZ, "Mat A,Mat B: global dim %" PetscInt_FMT " %" PetscInt_FMT, A->rmap->N, B->rmap->N);
  PetscCheck(A->rmap->n == B->rmap->n, PETSC_COMM_SELF, PETSC_ERR_ARG_SIZ, "Mat A,Mat B: local dim %" PetscInt_FMT " %" PetscInt_FMT, A->rmap->n, B->rmap->n);
  PetscCheck(X->cmap->N >= B->cmap->N, PETSC_COMM_SELF, PETSC_ERR_ARG_SIZ, "Solution matrix must have same number of columns as rhs matrix");
  if (!A->rmap->N && !A->cmap->N) PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
  PetscCheck(A->factortype, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)A), PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONGSTATE, "Unfactored matrix");
  MatCheckPreallocated(A, 1);

  PetscCall(PetscLogEventBegin(MAT_MatSolve, A, B, X, 0));
  if (!A->ops->matsolvetranspose) {
    PetscCall(PetscInfo(A, "Mat type %s using basic MatMatSolveTranspose\n", ((PetscObject)A)->type_name));
    PetscCall(MatMatSolve_Basic(A, B, X, PETSC_TRUE));
  } else PetscUseTypeMethod(A, matsolvetranspose, B, X);
  PetscCall(PetscLogEventEnd(MAT_MatSolve, A, B, X, 0));
  PetscCall(PetscObjectStateIncrease((PetscObject)X));
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@
   MatMatTransposeSolve - Solves A X = B^T, given a factored matrix.

   Neighbor-wise Collective

   Input Parameters:
+  A - the factored matrix
-  Bt - the transpose of right-hand-side matrix as a `MATDENSE`

   Output Parameter:
.  X - the result matrix (dense matrix)

   Level: developer

   Note:
   For MUMPS, it only supports centralized sparse compressed column format on the host processor for right hand side matrix. User must create B^T in sparse compressed row
   format on the host processor and call `MatMatTransposeSolve()` to implement MUMPS' `MatMatSolve()`.

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, [Matrix Factorization](sec_matfactor), `MatMatSolve()`, `MatMatSolveTranspose()`, `MatLUFactor()`, `MatCholeskyFactor()`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatMatTransposeSolve(Mat A, Mat Bt, Mat X)
{
  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(A, MAT_CLASSID, 1);
  PetscValidType(A, 1);
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(Bt, MAT_CLASSID, 2);
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(X, MAT_CLASSID, 3);
  PetscCheckSameComm(A, 1, Bt, 2);
  PetscCheckSameComm(A, 1, X, 3);

  PetscCheck(X != Bt, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)A), PETSC_ERR_ARG_IDN, "X and B must be different matrices");
  PetscCheck(A->cmap->N == X->rmap->N, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)A), PETSC_ERR_ARG_SIZ, "Mat A,Mat X: global dim %" PetscInt_FMT " %" PetscInt_FMT, A->cmap->N, X->rmap->N);
  PetscCheck(A->rmap->N == Bt->cmap->N, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)A), PETSC_ERR_ARG_SIZ, "Mat A,Mat Bt: global dim %" PetscInt_FMT " %" PetscInt_FMT, A->rmap->N, Bt->cmap->N);
  PetscCheck(X->cmap->N >= Bt->rmap->N, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)X), PETSC_ERR_ARG_SIZ, "Solution matrix must have same number of columns as row number of the rhs matrix");
  if (!A->rmap->N && !A->cmap->N) PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
  PetscCheck(A->factortype, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)A), PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONGSTATE, "Unfactored matrix");
  MatCheckPreallocated(A, 1);

  PetscCall(PetscLogEventBegin(MAT_MatTrSolve, A, Bt, X, 0));
  PetscUseTypeMethod(A, mattransposesolve, Bt, X);
  PetscCall(PetscLogEventEnd(MAT_MatTrSolve, A, Bt, X, 0));
  PetscCall(PetscObjectStateIncrease((PetscObject)X));
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@
   MatForwardSolve - Solves L x = b, given a factored matrix, A = LU, or
                            U^T*D^(1/2) x = b, given a factored symmetric matrix, A = U^T*D*U,

   Neighbor-wise Collective

   Input Parameters:
+  mat - the factored matrix
-  b - the right-hand-side vector

   Output Parameter:
.  x - the result vector

   Level: developer

   Notes:
   `MatSolve()` should be used for most applications, as it performs
   a forward solve followed by a backward solve.

   The vectors `b` and `x` cannot be the same,  i.e., one cannot
   call `MatForwardSolve`(A,x,x).

   For matrix in `MATSEQBAIJ` format with block size larger than 1,
   the diagonal blocks are not implemented as D = D^(1/2) * D^(1/2) yet.
   `MatForwardSolve()` solves U^T*D y = b, and
   `MatBackwardSolve()` solves U x = y.
   Thus they do not provide a symmetric preconditioner.

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `MatBackwardSolve()`, `MatGetFactor()`, `MatSolve()`, `MatBackwardSolve()`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatForwardSolve(Mat mat, Vec b, Vec x)
{
  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(mat, MAT_CLASSID, 1);
  PetscValidType(mat, 1);
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(b, VEC_CLASSID, 2);
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(x, VEC_CLASSID, 3);
  PetscCheckSameComm(mat, 1, b, 2);
  PetscCheckSameComm(mat, 1, x, 3);
  PetscCheck(x != b, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_ARG_IDN, "x and b must be different vectors");
  PetscCheck(mat->cmap->N == x->map->N, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_ARG_SIZ, "Mat mat,Vec x: global dim %" PetscInt_FMT " %" PetscInt_FMT, mat->cmap->N, x->map->N);
  PetscCheck(mat->rmap->N == b->map->N, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_ARG_SIZ, "Mat mat,Vec b: global dim %" PetscInt_FMT " %" PetscInt_FMT, mat->rmap->N, b->map->N);
  PetscCheck(mat->rmap->n == b->map->n, PETSC_COMM_SELF, PETSC_ERR_ARG_SIZ, "Mat mat,Vec b: local dim %" PetscInt_FMT " %" PetscInt_FMT, mat->rmap->n, b->map->n);
  if (!mat->rmap->N && !mat->cmap->N) PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
  MatCheckPreallocated(mat, 1);

  PetscCall(PetscLogEventBegin(MAT_ForwardSolve, mat, b, x, 0));
  PetscUseTypeMethod(mat, forwardsolve, b, x);
  PetscCall(PetscLogEventEnd(MAT_ForwardSolve, mat, b, x, 0));
  PetscCall(PetscObjectStateIncrease((PetscObject)x));
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@
   MatBackwardSolve - Solves U x = b, given a factored matrix, A = LU.
                             D^(1/2) U x = b, given a factored symmetric matrix, A = U^T*D*U,

   Neighbor-wise Collective

   Input Parameters:
+  mat - the factored matrix
-  b - the right-hand-side vector

   Output Parameter:
.  x - the result vector

   Level: developer

   Notes:
   `MatSolve()` should be used for most applications, as it performs
   a forward solve followed by a backward solve.

   The vectors `b` and `x` cannot be the same.  I.e., one cannot
   call `MatBackwardSolve`(A,x,x).

   For matrix in `MATSEQBAIJ` format with block size larger than 1,
   the diagonal blocks are not implemented as D = D^(1/2) * D^(1/2) yet.
   `MatForwardSolve()` solves U^T*D y = b, and
   `MatBackwardSolve()` solves U x = y.
   Thus they do not provide a symmetric preconditioner.

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `MatForwardSolve()`, `MatGetFactor()`, `MatSolve()`, `MatForwardSolve()`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatBackwardSolve(Mat mat, Vec b, Vec x)
{
  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(mat, MAT_CLASSID, 1);
  PetscValidType(mat, 1);
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(b, VEC_CLASSID, 2);
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(x, VEC_CLASSID, 3);
  PetscCheckSameComm(mat, 1, b, 2);
  PetscCheckSameComm(mat, 1, x, 3);
  PetscCheck(x != b, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_ARG_IDN, "x and b must be different vectors");
  PetscCheck(mat->cmap->N == x->map->N, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_ARG_SIZ, "Mat mat,Vec x: global dim %" PetscInt_FMT " %" PetscInt_FMT, mat->cmap->N, x->map->N);
  PetscCheck(mat->rmap->N == b->map->N, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_ARG_SIZ, "Mat mat,Vec b: global dim %" PetscInt_FMT " %" PetscInt_FMT, mat->rmap->N, b->map->N);
  PetscCheck(mat->rmap->n == b->map->n, PETSC_COMM_SELF, PETSC_ERR_ARG_SIZ, "Mat mat,Vec b: local dim %" PetscInt_FMT " %" PetscInt_FMT, mat->rmap->n, b->map->n);
  if (!mat->rmap->N && !mat->cmap->N) PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
  MatCheckPreallocated(mat, 1);

  PetscCall(PetscLogEventBegin(MAT_BackwardSolve, mat, b, x, 0));
  PetscUseTypeMethod(mat, backwardsolve, b, x);
  PetscCall(PetscLogEventEnd(MAT_BackwardSolve, mat, b, x, 0));
  PetscCall(PetscObjectStateIncrease((PetscObject)x));
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@
   MatSolveAdd - Computes x = y + inv(A)*b, given a factored matrix.

   Neighbor-wise Collective

   Input Parameters:
+  mat - the factored matrix
.  b - the right-hand-side vector
-  y - the vector to be added to

   Output Parameter:
.  x - the result vector

   Level: developer

   Note:
   The vectors `b` and `x` cannot be the same.  I.e., one cannot
   call `MatSolveAdd`(A,x,y,x).

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, [Matrix Factorization](sec_matfactor), `MatSolve()`, `MatGetFactor()`, `MatSolveTranspose()`, `MatSolveTransposeAdd()`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatSolveAdd(Mat mat, Vec b, Vec y, Vec x)
{
  PetscScalar one = 1.0;
  Vec         tmp;

  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(mat, MAT_CLASSID, 1);
  PetscValidType(mat, 1);
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(y, VEC_CLASSID, 3);
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(b, VEC_CLASSID, 2);
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(x, VEC_CLASSID, 4);
  PetscCheckSameComm(mat, 1, b, 2);
  PetscCheckSameComm(mat, 1, y, 3);
  PetscCheckSameComm(mat, 1, x, 4);
  PetscCheck(x != b, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_ARG_IDN, "x and b must be different vectors");
  PetscCheck(mat->cmap->N == x->map->N, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_ARG_SIZ, "Mat mat,Vec x: global dim %" PetscInt_FMT " %" PetscInt_FMT, mat->cmap->N, x->map->N);
  PetscCheck(mat->rmap->N == b->map->N, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_ARG_SIZ, "Mat mat,Vec b: global dim %" PetscInt_FMT " %" PetscInt_FMT, mat->rmap->N, b->map->N);
  PetscCheck(mat->rmap->N == y->map->N, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_ARG_SIZ, "Mat mat,Vec y: global dim %" PetscInt_FMT " %" PetscInt_FMT, mat->rmap->N, y->map->N);
  PetscCheck(mat->rmap->n == b->map->n, PETSC_COMM_SELF, PETSC_ERR_ARG_SIZ, "Mat mat,Vec b: local dim %" PetscInt_FMT " %" PetscInt_FMT, mat->rmap->n, b->map->n);
  PetscCheck(x->map->n == y->map->n, PETSC_COMM_SELF, PETSC_ERR_ARG_SIZ, "Vec x,Vec y: local dim %" PetscInt_FMT " %" PetscInt_FMT, x->map->n, y->map->n);
  if (!mat->rmap->N && !mat->cmap->N) PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
  MatCheckPreallocated(mat, 1);

  PetscCall(PetscLogEventBegin(MAT_SolveAdd, mat, b, x, y));
  if (mat->factorerrortype) {
    PetscCall(PetscInfo(mat, "MatFactorError %d\n", mat->factorerrortype));
    PetscCall(VecSetInf(x));
  } else if (mat->ops->solveadd) {
    PetscUseTypeMethod(mat, solveadd, b, y, x);
  } else {
    /* do the solve then the add manually */
    if (x != y) {
      PetscCall(MatSolve(mat, b, x));
      PetscCall(VecAXPY(x, one, y));
    } else {
      PetscCall(VecDuplicate(x, &tmp));
      PetscCall(VecCopy(x, tmp));
      PetscCall(MatSolve(mat, b, x));
      PetscCall(VecAXPY(x, one, tmp));
      PetscCall(VecDestroy(&tmp));
    }
  }
  PetscCall(PetscLogEventEnd(MAT_SolveAdd, mat, b, x, y));
  PetscCall(PetscObjectStateIncrease((PetscObject)x));
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@
   MatSolveTranspose - Solves A' x = b, given a factored matrix.

   Neighbor-wise Collective

   Input Parameters:
+  mat - the factored matrix
-  b - the right-hand-side vector

   Output Parameter:
.  x - the result vector

   Level: developer

   Notes:
   The vectors `b` and `x` cannot be the same.  I.e., one cannot
   call `MatSolveTranspose`(A,x,x).

   Most users should employ the `KSP` interface for linear solvers
   instead of working directly with matrix algebra routines such as this.
   See, e.g., `KSPCreate()`.

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `MatGetFactor()`, `KSP`, `MatSolve()`, `MatSolveAdd()`, `MatSolveTransposeAdd()`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatSolveTranspose(Mat mat, Vec b, Vec x)
{
  PetscErrorCode (*f)(Mat, Vec, Vec) = (!mat->ops->solvetranspose && mat->symmetric) ? mat->ops->solve : mat->ops->solvetranspose;

  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(mat, MAT_CLASSID, 1);
  PetscValidType(mat, 1);
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(b, VEC_CLASSID, 2);
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(x, VEC_CLASSID, 3);
  PetscCheckSameComm(mat, 1, b, 2);
  PetscCheckSameComm(mat, 1, x, 3);
  PetscCheck(x != b, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_ARG_IDN, "x and b must be different vectors");
  PetscCheck(mat->rmap->N == x->map->N, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_ARG_SIZ, "Mat mat,Vec x: global dim %" PetscInt_FMT " %" PetscInt_FMT, mat->rmap->N, x->map->N);
  PetscCheck(mat->cmap->N == b->map->N, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_ARG_SIZ, "Mat mat,Vec b: global dim %" PetscInt_FMT " %" PetscInt_FMT, mat->cmap->N, b->map->N);
  if (!mat->rmap->N && !mat->cmap->N) PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
  MatCheckPreallocated(mat, 1);
  PetscCall(PetscLogEventBegin(MAT_SolveTranspose, mat, b, x, 0));
  if (mat->factorerrortype) {
    PetscCall(PetscInfo(mat, "MatFactorError %d\n", mat->factorerrortype));
    PetscCall(VecSetInf(x));
  } else {
    PetscCheck(f, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_SUP, "Matrix type %s", ((PetscObject)mat)->type_name);
    PetscCall((*f)(mat, b, x));
  }
  PetscCall(PetscLogEventEnd(MAT_SolveTranspose, mat, b, x, 0));
  PetscCall(PetscObjectStateIncrease((PetscObject)x));
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@
   MatSolveTransposeAdd - Computes x = y + inv(Transpose(A)) b, given a
                      factored matrix.

   Neighbor-wise Collective

   Input Parameters:
+  mat - the factored matrix
.  b - the right-hand-side vector
-  y - the vector to be added to

   Output Parameter:
.  x - the result vector

   Level: developer

   Note:
   The vectors `b` and `x` cannot be the same.  I.e., one cannot
   call `MatSolveTransposeAdd`(A,x,y,x).

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `MatGetFactor()`, `MatSolve()`, `MatSolveAdd()`, `MatSolveTranspose()`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatSolveTransposeAdd(Mat mat, Vec b, Vec y, Vec x)
{
  PetscScalar one = 1.0;
  Vec         tmp;
  PetscErrorCode (*f)(Mat, Vec, Vec, Vec) = (!mat->ops->solvetransposeadd && mat->symmetric) ? mat->ops->solveadd : mat->ops->solvetransposeadd;

  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(mat, MAT_CLASSID, 1);
  PetscValidType(mat, 1);
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(y, VEC_CLASSID, 3);
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(b, VEC_CLASSID, 2);
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(x, VEC_CLASSID, 4);
  PetscCheckSameComm(mat, 1, b, 2);
  PetscCheckSameComm(mat, 1, y, 3);
  PetscCheckSameComm(mat, 1, x, 4);
  PetscCheck(x != b, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_ARG_IDN, "x and b must be different vectors");
  PetscCheck(mat->rmap->N == x->map->N, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_ARG_SIZ, "Mat mat,Vec x: global dim %" PetscInt_FMT " %" PetscInt_FMT, mat->rmap->N, x->map->N);
  PetscCheck(mat->cmap->N == b->map->N, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_ARG_SIZ, "Mat mat,Vec b: global dim %" PetscInt_FMT " %" PetscInt_FMT, mat->cmap->N, b->map->N);
  PetscCheck(mat->cmap->N == y->map->N, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_ARG_SIZ, "Mat mat,Vec y: global dim %" PetscInt_FMT " %" PetscInt_FMT, mat->cmap->N, y->map->N);
  PetscCheck(x->map->n == y->map->n, PETSC_COMM_SELF, PETSC_ERR_ARG_SIZ, "Vec x,Vec y: local dim %" PetscInt_FMT " %" PetscInt_FMT, x->map->n, y->map->n);
  if (!mat->rmap->N && !mat->cmap->N) PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
  MatCheckPreallocated(mat, 1);

  PetscCall(PetscLogEventBegin(MAT_SolveTransposeAdd, mat, b, x, y));
  if (mat->factorerrortype) {
    PetscCall(PetscInfo(mat, "MatFactorError %d\n", mat->factorerrortype));
    PetscCall(VecSetInf(x));
  } else if (f) {
    PetscCall((*f)(mat, b, y, x));
  } else {
    /* do the solve then the add manually */
    if (x != y) {
      PetscCall(MatSolveTranspose(mat, b, x));
      PetscCall(VecAXPY(x, one, y));
    } else {
      PetscCall(VecDuplicate(x, &tmp));
      PetscCall(VecCopy(x, tmp));
      PetscCall(MatSolveTranspose(mat, b, x));
      PetscCall(VecAXPY(x, one, tmp));
      PetscCall(VecDestroy(&tmp));
    }
  }
  PetscCall(PetscLogEventEnd(MAT_SolveTransposeAdd, mat, b, x, y));
  PetscCall(PetscObjectStateIncrease((PetscObject)x));
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@
   MatSOR - Computes relaxation (SOR, Gauss-Seidel) sweeps.

   Neighbor-wise Collective

   Input Parameters:
+  mat - the matrix
.  b - the right hand side
.  omega - the relaxation factor
.  flag - flag indicating the type of SOR (see below)
.  shift -  diagonal shift
.  its - the number of iterations
-  lits - the number of local iterations

   Output Parameter:
.  x - the solution (can contain an initial guess, use option `SOR_ZERO_INITIAL_GUESS` to indicate no guess)

   SOR Flags:
+     `SOR_FORWARD_SWEEP` - forward SOR
.     `SOR_BACKWARD_SWEEP` - backward SOR
.     `SOR_SYMMETRIC_SWEEP` - SSOR (symmetric SOR)
.     `SOR_LOCAL_FORWARD_SWEEP` - local forward SOR
.     `SOR_LOCAL_BACKWARD_SWEEP` - local forward SOR
.     `SOR_LOCAL_SYMMETRIC_SWEEP` - local SSOR
.     `SOR_EISENSTAT` - SOR with Eisenstat trick
.     `SOR_APPLY_UPPER`, `SOR_APPLY_LOWER` - applies
         upper/lower triangular part of matrix to
         vector (with omega)
-     `SOR_ZERO_INITIAL_GUESS` - zero initial guess

   Level: developer

   Notes:
   `SOR_LOCAL_FORWARD_SWEEP`, `SOR_LOCAL_BACKWARD_SWEEP`, and
   `SOR_LOCAL_SYMMETRIC_SWEEP` perform separate independent smoothings
   on each processor.

   Application programmers will not generally use `MatSOR()` directly,
   but instead will employ the `KSP`/`PC` interface.

   For `MATBAIJ`, `MATSBAIJ`, and `MATAIJ` matrices with Inodes this does a block SOR smoothing, otherwise it does a pointwise smoothing

   Most users should employ the `KSP` interface for linear solvers
   instead of working directly with matrix algebra routines such as this.
   See, e.g., `KSPCreate()`.

   Vectors `x` and `b` CANNOT be the same

   The flags are implemented as bitwise inclusive or operations.
   For example, use (`SOR_ZERO_INITIAL_GUESS` | `SOR_SYMMETRIC_SWEEP`)
   to specify a zero initial guess for SSOR.

   Developer Note:
   We should add block SOR support for `MATAIJ` matrices with block size set to great than one and no inodes

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `MatMult()`, `KSP`, `PC`, `MatGetFactor()`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatSOR(Mat mat, Vec b, PetscReal omega, MatSORType flag, PetscReal shift, PetscInt its, PetscInt lits, Vec x)
{
  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(mat, MAT_CLASSID, 1);
  PetscValidType(mat, 1);
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(b, VEC_CLASSID, 2);
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(x, VEC_CLASSID, 8);
  PetscCheckSameComm(mat, 1, b, 2);
  PetscCheckSameComm(mat, 1, x, 8);
  PetscCheck(mat->assembled, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONGSTATE, "Not for unassembled matrix");
  PetscCheck(!mat->factortype, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONGSTATE, "Not for factored matrix");
  PetscCheck(mat->cmap->N == x->map->N, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_ARG_SIZ, "Mat mat,Vec x: global dim %" PetscInt_FMT " %" PetscInt_FMT, mat->cmap->N, x->map->N);
  PetscCheck(mat->rmap->N == b->map->N, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_ARG_SIZ, "Mat mat,Vec b: global dim %" PetscInt_FMT " %" PetscInt_FMT, mat->rmap->N, b->map->N);
  PetscCheck(mat->rmap->n == b->map->n, PETSC_COMM_SELF, PETSC_ERR_ARG_SIZ, "Mat mat,Vec b: local dim %" PetscInt_FMT " %" PetscInt_FMT, mat->rmap->n, b->map->n);
  PetscCheck(its > 0, PETSC_COMM_SELF, PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONG, "Relaxation requires global its %" PetscInt_FMT " positive", its);
  PetscCheck(lits > 0, PETSC_COMM_SELF, PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONG, "Relaxation requires local its %" PetscInt_FMT " positive", lits);
  PetscCheck(b != x, PETSC_COMM_SELF, PETSC_ERR_ARG_IDN, "b and x vector cannot be the same");

  MatCheckPreallocated(mat, 1);
  PetscCall(PetscLogEventBegin(MAT_SOR, mat, b, x, 0));
  PetscUseTypeMethod(mat, sor, b, omega, flag, shift, its, lits, x);
  PetscCall(PetscLogEventEnd(MAT_SOR, mat, b, x, 0));
  PetscCall(PetscObjectStateIncrease((PetscObject)x));
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*
      Default matrix copy routine.
*/
PetscErrorCode MatCopy_Basic(Mat A, Mat B, MatStructure str)
{
  PetscInt           i, rstart = 0, rend = 0, nz;
  const PetscInt    *cwork;
  const PetscScalar *vwork;

  PetscFunctionBegin;
  if (B->assembled) PetscCall(MatZeroEntries(B));
  if (str == SAME_NONZERO_PATTERN) {
    PetscCall(MatGetOwnershipRange(A, &rstart, &rend));
    for (i = rstart; i < rend; i++) {
      PetscCall(MatGetRow(A, i, &nz, &cwork, &vwork));
      PetscCall(MatSetValues(B, 1, &i, nz, cwork, vwork, INSERT_VALUES));
      PetscCall(MatRestoreRow(A, i, &nz, &cwork, &vwork));
    }
  } else {
    PetscCall(MatAYPX(B, 0.0, A, str));
  }
  PetscCall(MatAssemblyBegin(B, MAT_FINAL_ASSEMBLY));
  PetscCall(MatAssemblyEnd(B, MAT_FINAL_ASSEMBLY));
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@
   MatCopy - Copies a matrix to another matrix.

   Collective

   Input Parameters:
+  A - the matrix
-  str - `SAME_NONZERO_PATTERN` or `DIFFERENT_NONZERO_PATTERN`

   Output Parameter:
.  B - where the copy is put

   Level: intermediate

   Notes:
   If you use `SAME_NONZERO_PATTERN` then the two matrices must have the same nonzero pattern or the routine will crash.

   `MatCopy()` copies the matrix entries of a matrix to another existing
   matrix (after first zeroing the second matrix).  A related routine is
   `MatConvert()`, which first creates a new matrix and then copies the data.

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `MatConvert()`, `MatDuplicate()`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatCopy(Mat A, Mat B, MatStructure str)
{
  PetscInt i;

  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(A, MAT_CLASSID, 1);
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(B, MAT_CLASSID, 2);
  PetscValidType(A, 1);
  PetscValidType(B, 2);
  PetscCheckSameComm(A, 1, B, 2);
  MatCheckPreallocated(B, 2);
  PetscCheck(A->assembled, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)A), PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONGSTATE, "Not for unassembled matrix");
  PetscCheck(!A->factortype, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)A), PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONGSTATE, "Not for factored matrix");
  PetscCheck(A->rmap->N == B->rmap->N && A->cmap->N == B->cmap->N, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)A), PETSC_ERR_ARG_SIZ, "Mat A,Mat B: global dim (%" PetscInt_FMT ",%" PetscInt_FMT ") (%" PetscInt_FMT ",%" PetscInt_FMT ")", A->rmap->N, B->rmap->N,
             A->cmap->N, B->cmap->N);
  MatCheckPreallocated(A, 1);
  if (A == B) PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);

  PetscCall(PetscLogEventBegin(MAT_Copy, A, B, 0, 0));
  if (A->ops->copy) PetscUseTypeMethod(A, copy, B, str);
  else PetscCall(MatCopy_Basic(A, B, str));

  B->stencil.dim = A->stencil.dim;
  B->stencil.noc = A->stencil.noc;
  for (i = 0; i <= A->stencil.dim; i++) {
    B->stencil.dims[i]   = A->stencil.dims[i];
    B->stencil.starts[i] = A->stencil.starts[i];
  }

  PetscCall(PetscLogEventEnd(MAT_Copy, A, B, 0, 0));
  PetscCall(PetscObjectStateIncrease((PetscObject)B));
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@C
   MatConvert - Converts a matrix to another matrix, either of the same
   or different type.

   Collective

   Input Parameters:
+  mat - the matrix
.  newtype - new matrix type.  Use `MATSAME` to create a new matrix of the
   same type as the original matrix.
-  reuse - denotes if the destination matrix is to be created or reused.
   Use `MAT_INPLACE_MATRIX` for inplace conversion (that is when you want the input mat to be changed to contain the matrix in the new format), otherwise use
   `MAT_INITIAL_MATRIX` or `MAT_REUSE_MATRIX` (can only be used after the first call was made with `MAT_INITIAL_MATRIX`, causes the matrix space in M to be reused).

   Output Parameter:
.  M - pointer to place new matrix

   Level: intermediate

   Notes:
   `MatConvert()` first creates a new matrix and then copies the data from
   the first matrix.  A related routine is `MatCopy()`, which copies the matrix
   entries of one matrix to another already existing matrix context.

   Cannot be used to convert a sequential matrix to parallel or parallel to sequential,
   the MPI communicator of the generated matrix is always the same as the communicator
   of the input matrix.

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `MatCopy()`, `MatDuplicate()`, `MAT_INITIAL_MATRIX`, `MAT_REUSE_MATRIX`, `MAT_INPLACE_MATRIX`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatConvert(Mat mat, MatType newtype, MatReuse reuse, Mat *M)
{
  PetscBool  sametype, issame, flg;
  PetscBool3 issymmetric, ishermitian;
  char       convname[256], mtype[256];
  Mat        B;

  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(mat, MAT_CLASSID, 1);
  PetscValidType(mat, 1);
  PetscValidPointer(M, 4);
  PetscCheck(mat->assembled, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONGSTATE, "Not for unassembled matrix");
  PetscCheck(!mat->factortype, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONGSTATE, "Not for factored matrix");
  MatCheckPreallocated(mat, 1);

  PetscCall(PetscOptionsGetString(((PetscObject)mat)->options, ((PetscObject)mat)->prefix, "-matconvert_type", mtype, sizeof(mtype), &flg));
  if (flg) newtype = mtype;

  PetscCall(PetscObjectTypeCompare((PetscObject)mat, newtype, &sametype));
  PetscCall(PetscStrcmp(newtype, "same", &issame));
  PetscCheck(!(reuse == MAT_INPLACE_MATRIX) || !(mat != *M), PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_SUP, "MAT_INPLACE_MATRIX requires same input and output matrix");
  PetscCheck(!(reuse == MAT_REUSE_MATRIX) || !(mat == *M), PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_SUP, "MAT_REUSE_MATRIX means reuse matrix in final argument, perhaps you mean MAT_INPLACE_MATRIX");

  if ((reuse == MAT_INPLACE_MATRIX) && (issame || sametype)) {
    PetscCall(PetscInfo(mat, "Early return for inplace %s %d %d\n", ((PetscObject)mat)->type_name, sametype, issame));
    PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
  }

  /* Cache Mat options because some converters use MatHeaderReplace  */
  issymmetric = mat->symmetric;
  ishermitian = mat->hermitian;

  if ((sametype || issame) && (reuse == MAT_INITIAL_MATRIX) && mat->ops->duplicate) {
    PetscCall(PetscInfo(mat, "Calling duplicate for initial matrix %s %d %d\n", ((PetscObject)mat)->type_name, sametype, issame));
    PetscUseTypeMethod(mat, duplicate, MAT_COPY_VALUES, M);
  } else {
    PetscErrorCode (*conv)(Mat, MatType, MatReuse, Mat *) = NULL;
    const char *prefix[3]                                 = {"seq", "mpi", ""};
    PetscInt    i;
    /*
       Order of precedence:
       0) See if newtype is a superclass of the current matrix.
       1) See if a specialized converter is known to the current matrix.
       2) See if a specialized converter is known to the desired matrix class.
       3) See if a good general converter is registered for the desired class
          (as of 6/27/03 only MATMPIADJ falls into this category).
       4) See if a good general converter is known for the current matrix.
       5) Use a really basic converter.
    */

    /* 0) See if newtype is a superclass of the current matrix.
          i.e mat is mpiaij and newtype is aij */
    for (i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
      PetscCall(PetscStrncpy(convname, prefix[i], sizeof(convname)));
      PetscCall(PetscStrlcat(convname, newtype, sizeof(convname)));
      PetscCall(PetscStrcmp(convname, ((PetscObject)mat)->type_name, &flg));
      PetscCall(PetscInfo(mat, "Check superclass %s %s -> %d\n", convname, ((PetscObject)mat)->type_name, flg));
      if (flg) {
        if (reuse == MAT_INPLACE_MATRIX) {
          PetscCall(PetscInfo(mat, "Early return\n"));
          PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
        } else if (reuse == MAT_INITIAL_MATRIX && mat->ops->duplicate) {
          PetscCall(PetscInfo(mat, "Calling MatDuplicate\n"));
          PetscUseTypeMethod(mat, duplicate, MAT_COPY_VALUES, M);
          PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
        } else if (reuse == MAT_REUSE_MATRIX && mat->ops->copy) {
          PetscCall(PetscInfo(mat, "Calling MatCopy\n"));
          PetscCall(MatCopy(mat, *M, SAME_NONZERO_PATTERN));
          PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
        }
      }
    }
    /* 1) See if a specialized converter is known to the current matrix and the desired class */
    for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
      PetscCall(PetscStrncpy(convname, "MatConvert_", sizeof(convname)));
      PetscCall(PetscStrlcat(convname, ((PetscObject)mat)->type_name, sizeof(convname)));
      PetscCall(PetscStrlcat(convname, "_", sizeof(convname)));
      PetscCall(PetscStrlcat(convname, prefix[i], sizeof(convname)));
      PetscCall(PetscStrlcat(convname, issame ? ((PetscObject)mat)->type_name : newtype, sizeof(convname)));
      PetscCall(PetscStrlcat(convname, "_C", sizeof(convname)));
      PetscCall(PetscObjectQueryFunction((PetscObject)mat, convname, &conv));
      PetscCall(PetscInfo(mat, "Check specialized (1) %s (%s) -> %d\n", convname, ((PetscObject)mat)->type_name, !!conv));
      if (conv) goto foundconv;
    }

    /* 2)  See if a specialized converter is known to the desired matrix class. */
    PetscCall(MatCreate(PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), &B));
    PetscCall(MatSetSizes(B, mat->rmap->n, mat->cmap->n, mat->rmap->N, mat->cmap->N));
    PetscCall(MatSetType(B, newtype));
    for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
      PetscCall(PetscStrncpy(convname, "MatConvert_", sizeof(convname)));
      PetscCall(PetscStrlcat(convname, ((PetscObject)mat)->type_name, sizeof(convname)));
      PetscCall(PetscStrlcat(convname, "_", sizeof(convname)));
      PetscCall(PetscStrlcat(convname, prefix[i], sizeof(convname)));
      PetscCall(PetscStrlcat(convname, newtype, sizeof(convname)));
      PetscCall(PetscStrlcat(convname, "_C", sizeof(convname)));
      PetscCall(PetscObjectQueryFunction((PetscObject)B, convname, &conv));
      PetscCall(PetscInfo(mat, "Check specialized (2) %s (%s) -> %d\n", convname, ((PetscObject)B)->type_name, !!conv));
      if (conv) {
        PetscCall(MatDestroy(&B));
        goto foundconv;
      }
    }

    /* 3) See if a good general converter is registered for the desired class */
    conv = B->ops->convertfrom;
    PetscCall(PetscInfo(mat, "Check convertfrom (%s) -> %d\n", ((PetscObject)B)->type_name, !!conv));
    PetscCall(MatDestroy(&B));
    if (conv) goto foundconv;

    /* 4) See if a good general converter is known for the current matrix */
    if (mat->ops->convert) conv = mat->ops->convert;
    PetscCall(PetscInfo(mat, "Check general convert (%s) -> %d\n", ((PetscObject)mat)->type_name, !!conv));
    if (conv) goto foundconv;

    /* 5) Use a really basic converter. */
    PetscCall(PetscInfo(mat, "Using MatConvert_Basic\n"));
    conv = MatConvert_Basic;

  foundconv:
    PetscCall(PetscLogEventBegin(MAT_Convert, mat, 0, 0, 0));
    PetscCall((*conv)(mat, newtype, reuse, M));
    if (mat->rmap->mapping && mat->cmap->mapping && !(*M)->rmap->mapping && !(*M)->cmap->mapping) {
      /* the block sizes must be same if the mappings are copied over */
      (*M)->rmap->bs = mat->rmap->bs;
      (*M)->cmap->bs = mat->cmap->bs;
      PetscCall(PetscObjectReference((PetscObject)mat->rmap->mapping));
      PetscCall(PetscObjectReference((PetscObject)mat->cmap->mapping));
      (*M)->rmap->mapping = mat->rmap->mapping;
      (*M)->cmap->mapping = mat->cmap->mapping;
    }
    (*M)->stencil.dim = mat->stencil.dim;
    (*M)->stencil.noc = mat->stencil.noc;
    for (i = 0; i <= mat->stencil.dim; i++) {
      (*M)->stencil.dims[i]   = mat->stencil.dims[i];
      (*M)->stencil.starts[i] = mat->stencil.starts[i];
    }
    PetscCall(PetscLogEventEnd(MAT_Convert, mat, 0, 0, 0));
  }
  PetscCall(PetscObjectStateIncrease((PetscObject)*M));

  /* Copy Mat options */
  if (issymmetric == PETSC_BOOL3_TRUE) PetscCall(MatSetOption(*M, MAT_SYMMETRIC, PETSC_TRUE));
  else if (issymmetric == PETSC_BOOL3_FALSE) PetscCall(MatSetOption(*M, MAT_SYMMETRIC, PETSC_FALSE));
  if (ishermitian == PETSC_BOOL3_TRUE) PetscCall(MatSetOption(*M, MAT_HERMITIAN, PETSC_TRUE));
  else if (ishermitian == PETSC_BOOL3_FALSE) PetscCall(MatSetOption(*M, MAT_HERMITIAN, PETSC_FALSE));
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@C
   MatFactorGetSolverType - Returns name of the package providing the factorization routines

   Not Collective

   Input Parameter:
.  mat - the matrix, must be a factored matrix

   Output Parameter:
.   type - the string name of the package (do not free this string)

   Level: intermediate

   Fortran Note:
   Pass in an empty string and the package name will be copied into it. Make sure the string is long enough.

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, [Matrix Factorization](sec_matfactor), `MatGetFactor()`, `MatSolverType`, `MatCopy()`, `MatDuplicate()`, `MatGetFactorAvailable()`, `MatGetFactor()`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatFactorGetSolverType(Mat mat, MatSolverType *type)
{
  PetscErrorCode (*conv)(Mat, MatSolverType *);

  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(mat, MAT_CLASSID, 1);
  PetscValidType(mat, 1);
  PetscValidPointer(type, 2);
  PetscCheck(mat->factortype, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONGSTATE, "Only for factored matrix");
  PetscCall(PetscObjectQueryFunction((PetscObject)mat, "MatFactorGetSolverType_C", &conv));
  if (conv) PetscCall((*conv)(mat, type));
  else *type = MATSOLVERPETSC;
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

typedef struct _MatSolverTypeForSpecifcType *MatSolverTypeForSpecifcType;
struct _MatSolverTypeForSpecifcType {
  MatType mtype;
  /* no entry for MAT_FACTOR_NONE */
  PetscErrorCode (*createfactor[MAT_FACTOR_NUM_TYPES - 1])(Mat, MatFactorType, Mat *);
  MatSolverTypeForSpecifcType next;
};

typedef struct _MatSolverTypeHolder *MatSolverTypeHolder;
struct _MatSolverTypeHolder {
  char                       *name;
  MatSolverTypeForSpecifcType handlers;
  MatSolverTypeHolder         next;
};

static MatSolverTypeHolder MatSolverTypeHolders = NULL;

/*@C
   MatSolverTypeRegister - Registers a `MatSolverType` that works for a particular matrix type

   Input Parameters:
+    package - name of the package, for example petsc or superlu
.    mtype - the matrix type that works with this package
.    ftype - the type of factorization supported by the package
-    createfactor - routine that will create the factored matrix ready to be used

    Level: developer

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, [Matrix Factorization](sec_matfactor), `MatFactorGetSolverType()`, `MatCopy()`, `MatDuplicate()`, `MatGetFactorAvailable()`, `MatGetFactor()`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatSolverTypeRegister(MatSolverType package, MatType mtype, MatFactorType ftype, PetscErrorCode (*createfactor)(Mat, MatFactorType, Mat *))
{
  MatSolverTypeHolder         next = MatSolverTypeHolders, prev = NULL;
  PetscBool                   flg;
  MatSolverTypeForSpecifcType inext, iprev = NULL;

  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscCall(MatInitializePackage());
  if (!next) {
    PetscCall(PetscNew(&MatSolverTypeHolders));
    PetscCall(PetscStrallocpy(package, &MatSolverTypeHolders->name));
    PetscCall(PetscNew(&MatSolverTypeHolders->handlers));
    PetscCall(PetscStrallocpy(mtype, (char **)&MatSolverTypeHolders->handlers->mtype));
    MatSolverTypeHolders->handlers->createfactor[(int)ftype - 1] = createfactor;
    PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
  }
  while (next) {
    PetscCall(PetscStrcasecmp(package, next->name, &flg));
    if (flg) {
      PetscCheck(next->handlers, PETSC_COMM_SELF, PETSC_ERR_PLIB, "MatSolverTypeHolder is missing handlers");
      inext = next->handlers;
      while (inext) {
        PetscCall(PetscStrcasecmp(mtype, inext->mtype, &flg));
        if (flg) {
          inext->createfactor[(int)ftype - 1] = createfactor;
          PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
        }
        iprev = inext;
        inext = inext->next;
      }
      PetscCall(PetscNew(&iprev->next));
      PetscCall(PetscStrallocpy(mtype, (char **)&iprev->next->mtype));
      iprev->next->createfactor[(int)ftype - 1] = createfactor;
      PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
    }
    prev = next;
    next = next->next;
  }
  PetscCall(PetscNew(&prev->next));
  PetscCall(PetscStrallocpy(package, &prev->next->name));
  PetscCall(PetscNew(&prev->next->handlers));
  PetscCall(PetscStrallocpy(mtype, (char **)&prev->next->handlers->mtype));
  prev->next->handlers->createfactor[(int)ftype - 1] = createfactor;
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@C
   MatSolverTypeGet - Gets the function that creates the factor matrix if it exist

   Input Parameters:
+    type - name of the package, for example petsc or superlu
.    ftype - the type of factorization supported by the type
-    mtype - the matrix type that works with this type

   Output Parameters:
+   foundtype - `PETSC_TRUE` if the type was registered
.   foundmtype - `PETSC_TRUE` if the type supports the requested mtype
-   createfactor - routine that will create the factored matrix ready to be used or `NULL` if not found

    Level: developer

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `MatFactorType`, `MatType`, `MatCopy()`, `MatDuplicate()`, `MatGetFactorAvailable()`, `MatSolverTypeRegister()`, `MatGetFactor()`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatSolverTypeGet(MatSolverType type, MatType mtype, MatFactorType ftype, PetscBool *foundtype, PetscBool *foundmtype, PetscErrorCode (**createfactor)(Mat, MatFactorType, Mat *))
{
  MatSolverTypeHolder         next = MatSolverTypeHolders;
  PetscBool                   flg;
  MatSolverTypeForSpecifcType inext;

  PetscFunctionBegin;
  if (foundtype) *foundtype = PETSC_FALSE;
  if (foundmtype) *foundmtype = PETSC_FALSE;
  if (createfactor) *createfactor = NULL;

  if (type) {
    while (next) {
      PetscCall(PetscStrcasecmp(type, next->name, &flg));
      if (flg) {
        if (foundtype) *foundtype = PETSC_TRUE;
        inext = next->handlers;
        while (inext) {
          PetscCall(PetscStrbeginswith(mtype, inext->mtype, &flg));
          if (flg) {
            if (foundmtype) *foundmtype = PETSC_TRUE;
            if (createfactor) *createfactor = inext->createfactor[(int)ftype - 1];
            PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
          }
          inext = inext->next;
        }
      }
      next = next->next;
    }
  } else {
    while (next) {
      inext = next->handlers;
      while (inext) {
        PetscCall(PetscStrcmp(mtype, inext->mtype, &flg));
        if (flg && inext->createfactor[(int)ftype - 1]) {
          if (foundtype) *foundtype = PETSC_TRUE;
          if (foundmtype) *foundmtype = PETSC_TRUE;
          if (createfactor) *createfactor = inext->createfactor[(int)ftype - 1];
          PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
        }
        inext = inext->next;
      }
      next = next->next;
    }
    /* try with base classes inext->mtype */
    next = MatSolverTypeHolders;
    while (next) {
      inext = next->handlers;
      while (inext) {
        PetscCall(PetscStrbeginswith(mtype, inext->mtype, &flg));
        if (flg && inext->createfactor[(int)ftype - 1]) {
          if (foundtype) *foundtype = PETSC_TRUE;
          if (foundmtype) *foundmtype = PETSC_TRUE;
          if (createfactor) *createfactor = inext->createfactor[(int)ftype - 1];
          PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
        }
        inext = inext->next;
      }
      next = next->next;
    }
  }
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

PetscErrorCode MatSolverTypeDestroy(void)
{
  MatSolverTypeHolder         next = MatSolverTypeHolders, prev;
  MatSolverTypeForSpecifcType inext, iprev;

  PetscFunctionBegin;
  while (next) {
    PetscCall(PetscFree(next->name));
    inext = next->handlers;
    while (inext) {
      PetscCall(PetscFree(inext->mtype));
      iprev = inext;
      inext = inext->next;
      PetscCall(PetscFree(iprev));
    }
    prev = next;
    next = next->next;
    PetscCall(PetscFree(prev));
  }
  MatSolverTypeHolders = NULL;
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@C
   MatFactorGetCanUseOrdering - Indicates if the factorization can use the ordering provided in `MatLUFactorSymbolic()`, `MatCholeskyFactorSymbolic()`

   Logically Collective

   Input Parameters:
.  mat - the matrix

   Output Parameters:
.  flg - `PETSC_TRUE` if uses the ordering

   Level: developer

   Note:
   Most internal PETSc factorizations use the ordering passed to the factorization routine but external
   packages do not, thus we want to skip generating the ordering when it is not needed or used.

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, [Matrix Factorization](sec_matfactor), `MatCopy()`, `MatDuplicate()`, `MatGetFactorAvailable()`, `MatGetFactor()`, `MatLUFactorSymbolic()`, `MatCholeskyFactorSymbolic()`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatFactorGetCanUseOrdering(Mat mat, PetscBool *flg)
{
  PetscFunctionBegin;
  *flg = mat->canuseordering;
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@C
   MatFactorGetPreferredOrdering - The preferred ordering for a particular matrix factor object

   Logically Collective

   Input Parameters:
.  mat - the matrix obtained with `MatGetFactor()`

   Output Parameters:
.  otype - the preferred type

   Level: developer

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, [Matrix Factorization](sec_matfactor), `MatFactorType`, `MatOrderingType`, `MatCopy()`, `MatDuplicate()`, `MatGetFactorAvailable()`, `MatGetFactor()`, `MatLUFactorSymbolic()`, `MatCholeskyFactorSymbolic()`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatFactorGetPreferredOrdering(Mat mat, MatFactorType ftype, MatOrderingType *otype)
{
  PetscFunctionBegin;
  *otype = mat->preferredordering[ftype];
  PetscCheck(*otype, PETSC_COMM_SELF, PETSC_ERR_PLIB, "MatFactor did not have a preferred ordering");
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@C
   MatGetFactor - Returns a matrix suitable to calls to MatXXFactorSymbolic()

   Collective

   Input Parameters:
+  mat - the matrix
.  type - name of solver type, for example, superlu, petsc (to use PETSc's default)
-  ftype - factor type, `MAT_FACTOR_LU`, `MAT_FACTOR_CHOLESKY`, `MAT_FACTOR_ICC`, `MAT_FACTOR_ILU`, `MAT_FACTOR_QR`

   Output Parameters:
.  f - the factor matrix used with MatXXFactorSymbolic() calls

   Options Database Key:
.  -mat_factor_bind_factorization <host, device> - Where to do matrix factorization? Default is device (might consume more device memory.
                                  One can choose host to save device memory). Currently only supported with `MATSEQAIJCUSPARSE` matrices.

   Level: intermediate

   Notes:
     Users usually access the factorization solvers via `KSP`

      Some PETSc matrix formats have alternative solvers available that are contained in alternative packages
     such as pastix, superlu, mumps etc.

      PETSc must have been ./configure to use the external solver, using the option --download-package

      Some of the packages have options for controlling the factorization, these are in the form -prefix_mat_packagename_packageoption
      where prefix is normally obtained from the calling `KSP`/`PC`. If `MatGetFactor()` is called directly one can set
      call `MatSetOptionsPrefixFactor()` on the originating matrix or  `MatSetOptionsPrefix()` on the resulting factor matrix.

   Developer Note:
      This should actually be called `MatCreateFactor()` since it creates a new factor object

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, [Matrix Factorization](sec_matfactor), `KSP`, `MatSolverType`, `MatFactorType`, `MatCopy()`, `MatDuplicate()`, `MatGetFactorAvailable()`, `MatFactorGetCanUseOrdering()`, `MatSolverTypeRegister()`,
          `MAT_FACTOR_LU`, `MAT_FACTOR_CHOLESKY`, `MAT_FACTOR_ICC`, `MAT_FACTOR_ILU`, `MAT_FACTOR_QR`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatGetFactor(Mat mat, MatSolverType type, MatFactorType ftype, Mat *f)
{
  PetscBool foundtype, foundmtype;
  PetscErrorCode (*conv)(Mat, MatFactorType, Mat *);

  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(mat, MAT_CLASSID, 1);
  PetscValidType(mat, 1);

  PetscCheck(!mat->factortype, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONGSTATE, "Not for factored matrix");
  MatCheckPreallocated(mat, 1);

  PetscCall(MatSolverTypeGet(type, ((PetscObject)mat)->type_name, ftype, &foundtype, &foundmtype, &conv));
  if (!foundtype) {
    if (type) {
      SETERRQ(PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_MISSING_FACTOR, "Could not locate solver type %s for factorization type %s and matrix type %s. Perhaps you must ./configure with --download-%s", type, MatFactorTypes[ftype],
              ((PetscObject)mat)->type_name, type);
    } else {
      SETERRQ(PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_MISSING_FACTOR, "Could not locate a solver type for factorization type %s and matrix type %s.", MatFactorTypes[ftype], ((PetscObject)mat)->type_name);
    }
  }
  PetscCheck(foundmtype, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_MISSING_FACTOR, "MatSolverType %s does not support matrix type %s", type, ((PetscObject)mat)->type_name);
  PetscCheck(conv, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_MISSING_FACTOR, "MatSolverType %s does not support factorization type %s for matrix type %s", type, MatFactorTypes[ftype], ((PetscObject)mat)->type_name);

  PetscCall((*conv)(mat, ftype, f));
  if (mat->factorprefix) PetscCall(MatSetOptionsPrefix(*f, mat->factorprefix));
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@C
   MatGetFactorAvailable - Returns a a flag if matrix supports particular type and factor type

   Not Collective

   Input Parameters:
+  mat - the matrix
.  type - name of solver type, for example, superlu, petsc (to use PETSc's default)
-  ftype - factor type, `MAT_FACTOR_LU`, `MAT_FACTOR_CHOLESKY`, `MAT_FACTOR_ICC`, `MAT_FACTOR_ILU`, `MAT_FACTOR_QR`

   Output Parameter:
.    flg - PETSC_TRUE if the factorization is available

   Level: intermediate

   Notes:
      Some PETSc matrix formats have alternative solvers available that are contained in alternative packages
     such as pastix, superlu, mumps etc.

      PETSc must have been ./configure to use the external solver, using the option --download-package

   Developer Note:
      This should actually be called MatCreateFactorAvailable() since MatGetFactor() creates a new factor object

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, [Matrix Factorization](sec_matfactor), `MatSolverType`, `MatFactorType`, `MatGetFactor()`, `MatCopy()`, `MatDuplicate()`, `MatGetFactor()`, `MatSolverTypeRegister()`,
          `MAT_FACTOR_LU`, `MAT_FACTOR_CHOLESKY`, `MAT_FACTOR_ICC`, `MAT_FACTOR_ILU`, `MAT_FACTOR_QR`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatGetFactorAvailable(Mat mat, MatSolverType type, MatFactorType ftype, PetscBool *flg)
{
  PetscErrorCode (*gconv)(Mat, MatFactorType, Mat *);

  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(mat, MAT_CLASSID, 1);
  PetscValidType(mat, 1);
  PetscValidBoolPointer(flg, 4);

  PetscCheck(!mat->factortype, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONGSTATE, "Not for factored matrix");
  MatCheckPreallocated(mat, 1);

  PetscCall(MatSolverTypeGet(type, ((PetscObject)mat)->type_name, ftype, NULL, NULL, &gconv));
  *flg = gconv ? PETSC_TRUE : PETSC_FALSE;
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@
   MatDuplicate - Duplicates a matrix including the non-zero structure.

   Collective

   Input Parameters:
+  mat - the matrix
-  op - One of `MAT_DO_NOT_COPY_VALUES`, `MAT_COPY_VALUES`, or `MAT_SHARE_NONZERO_PATTERN`.
        See the manual page for `MatDuplicateOption()` for an explanation of these options.

   Output Parameter:
.  M - pointer to place new matrix

   Level: intermediate

   Notes:
    You cannot change the nonzero pattern for the parent or child matrix if you use `MAT_SHARE_NONZERO_PATTERN`.

    May be called with an unassembled input `Mat` if `MAT_DO_NOT_COPY_VALUES` is used, in which case the output `Mat` is unassembled as well.

    When original mat is a product of matrix operation, e.g., an output of `MatMatMult()` or `MatCreateSubMatrix()`, only the simple matrix data structure of mat
    is duplicated and the internal data structures created for the reuse of previous matrix operations are not duplicated.
    User should not use `MatDuplicate()` to create new matrix M if M is intended to be reused as the product of matrix operation.

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `MatCopy()`, `MatConvert()`, `MatDuplicateOption`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatDuplicate(Mat mat, MatDuplicateOption op, Mat *M)
{
  Mat         B;
  VecType     vtype;
  PetscInt    i;
  PetscObject dm;
  void (*viewf)(void);

  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(mat, MAT_CLASSID, 1);
  PetscValidType(mat, 1);
  PetscValidPointer(M, 3);
  PetscCheck(op != MAT_COPY_VALUES || mat->assembled, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONGSTATE, "MAT_COPY_VALUES not allowed for unassembled matrix");
  PetscCheck(!mat->factortype, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONGSTATE, "Not for factored matrix");
  MatCheckPreallocated(mat, 1);

  *M = NULL;
  PetscCall(PetscLogEventBegin(MAT_Convert, mat, 0, 0, 0));
  PetscUseTypeMethod(mat, duplicate, op, M);
  PetscCall(PetscLogEventEnd(MAT_Convert, mat, 0, 0, 0));
  B = *M;

  PetscCall(MatGetOperation(mat, MATOP_VIEW, &viewf));
  if (viewf) PetscCall(MatSetOperation(B, MATOP_VIEW, viewf));
  PetscCall(MatGetVecType(mat, &vtype));
  PetscCall(MatSetVecType(B, vtype));

  B->stencil.dim = mat->stencil.dim;
  B->stencil.noc = mat->stencil.noc;
  for (i = 0; i <= mat->stencil.dim; i++) {
    B->stencil.dims[i]   = mat->stencil.dims[i];
    B->stencil.starts[i] = mat->stencil.starts[i];
  }

  B->nooffproczerorows = mat->nooffproczerorows;
  B->nooffprocentries  = mat->nooffprocentries;

  PetscCall(PetscObjectQuery((PetscObject)mat, "__PETSc_dm", &dm));
  if (dm) PetscCall(PetscObjectCompose((PetscObject)B, "__PETSc_dm", dm));
  PetscCall(PetscObjectStateIncrease((PetscObject)B));
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@
   MatGetDiagonal - Gets the diagonal of a matrix as a `Vec`

   Logically Collective

   Input Parameters:
+  mat - the matrix
-  v - the vector for storing the diagonal

   Output Parameter:
.  v - the diagonal of the matrix

   Level: intermediate

   Note:
   Currently only correct in parallel for square matrices.

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `Vec`, `MatGetRow()`, `MatCreateSubMatrices()`, `MatCreateSubMatrix()`, `MatGetRowMaxAbs()`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatGetDiagonal(Mat mat, Vec v)
{
  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(mat, MAT_CLASSID, 1);
  PetscValidType(mat, 1);
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(v, VEC_CLASSID, 2);
  PetscCheck(mat->assembled, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONGSTATE, "Not for unassembled matrix");
  MatCheckPreallocated(mat, 1);

  PetscUseTypeMethod(mat, getdiagonal, v);
  PetscCall(PetscObjectStateIncrease((PetscObject)v));
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@C
   MatGetRowMin - Gets the minimum value (of the real part) of each
        row of the matrix

   Logically Collective

   Input Parameter:
.  mat - the matrix

   Output Parameters:
+  v - the vector for storing the maximums
-  idx - the indices of the column found for each row (optional)

   Level: intermediate

   Note:
    The result of this call are the same as if one converted the matrix to dense format
      and found the minimum value in each row (i.e. the implicit zeros are counted as zeros).

    This code is only implemented for a couple of matrix formats.

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `MatGetDiagonal()`, `MatCreateSubMatrices()`, `MatCreateSubMatrix()`, `MatGetRowMaxAbs()`, `MatGetRowMinAbs()`,
          `MatGetRowMax()`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatGetRowMin(Mat mat, Vec v, PetscInt idx[])
{
  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(mat, MAT_CLASSID, 1);
  PetscValidType(mat, 1);
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(v, VEC_CLASSID, 2);
  PetscCheck(mat->assembled, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONGSTATE, "Not for unassembled matrix");

  if (!mat->cmap->N) {
    PetscCall(VecSet(v, PETSC_MAX_REAL));
    if (idx) {
      PetscInt i, m = mat->rmap->n;
      for (i = 0; i < m; i++) idx[i] = -1;
    }
  } else {
    MatCheckPreallocated(mat, 1);
  }
  PetscUseTypeMethod(mat, getrowmin, v, idx);
  PetscCall(PetscObjectStateIncrease((PetscObject)v));
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@C
   MatGetRowMinAbs - Gets the minimum value (in absolute value) of each
        row of the matrix

   Logically Collective

   Input Parameter:
.  mat - the matrix

   Output Parameters:
+  v - the vector for storing the minimums
-  idx - the indices of the column found for each row (or `NULL` if not needed)

   Level: intermediate

   Notes:
    if a row is completely empty or has only 0.0 values then the idx[] value for that
    row is 0 (the first column).

    This code is only implemented for a couple of matrix formats.

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `MatGetDiagonal()`, `MatCreateSubMatrices()`, `MatCreateSubMatrix()`, `MatGetRowMax()`, `MatGetRowMaxAbs()`, `MatGetRowMin()`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatGetRowMinAbs(Mat mat, Vec v, PetscInt idx[])
{
  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(mat, MAT_CLASSID, 1);
  PetscValidType(mat, 1);
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(v, VEC_CLASSID, 2);
  PetscCheck(mat->assembled, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONGSTATE, "Not for unassembled matrix");
  PetscCheck(!mat->factortype, PETSC_COMM_SELF, PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONGSTATE, "Not for factored matrix");

  if (!mat->cmap->N) {
    PetscCall(VecSet(v, 0.0));
    if (idx) {
      PetscInt i, m = mat->rmap->n;
      for (i = 0; i < m; i++) idx[i] = -1;
    }
  } else {
    MatCheckPreallocated(mat, 1);
    if (idx) PetscCall(PetscArrayzero(idx, mat->rmap->n));
    PetscUseTypeMethod(mat, getrowminabs, v, idx);
  }
  PetscCall(PetscObjectStateIncrease((PetscObject)v));
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@C
   MatGetRowMax - Gets the maximum value (of the real part) of each
        row of the matrix

   Logically Collective

   Input Parameter:
.  mat - the matrix

   Output Parameters:
+  v - the vector for storing the maximums
-  idx - the indices of the column found for each row (optional)

   Level: intermediate

   Notes:
    The result of this call are the same as if one converted the matrix to dense format
      and found the minimum value in each row (i.e. the implicit zeros are counted as zeros).

    This code is only implemented for a couple of matrix formats.

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `MatGetDiagonal()`, `MatCreateSubMatrices()`, `MatCreateSubMatrix()`, `MatGetRowMaxAbs()`, `MatGetRowMin()`, `MatGetRowMinAbs()`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatGetRowMax(Mat mat, Vec v, PetscInt idx[])
{
  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(mat, MAT_CLASSID, 1);
  PetscValidType(mat, 1);
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(v, VEC_CLASSID, 2);
  PetscCheck(mat->assembled, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONGSTATE, "Not for unassembled matrix");

  if (!mat->cmap->N) {
    PetscCall(VecSet(v, PETSC_MIN_REAL));
    if (idx) {
      PetscInt i, m = mat->rmap->n;
      for (i = 0; i < m; i++) idx[i] = -1;
    }
  } else {
    MatCheckPreallocated(mat, 1);
    PetscUseTypeMethod(mat, getrowmax, v, idx);
  }
  PetscCall(PetscObjectStateIncrease((PetscObject)v));
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@C
   MatGetRowMaxAbs - Gets the maximum value (in absolute value) of each
        row of the matrix

   Logically Collective

   Input Parameter:
.  mat - the matrix

   Output Parameters:
+  v - the vector for storing the maximums
-  idx - the indices of the column found for each row (or `NULL` if not needed)

   Level: intermediate

   Notes:
    if a row is completely empty or has only 0.0 values then the idx[] value for that
    row is 0 (the first column).

    This code is only implemented for a couple of matrix formats.

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `MatGetDiagonal()`, `MatCreateSubMatrices()`, `MatCreateSubMatrix()`, `MatGetRowMax()`, `MatGetRowMin()`, `MatGetRowMinAbs()`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatGetRowMaxAbs(Mat mat, Vec v, PetscInt idx[])
{
  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(mat, MAT_CLASSID, 1);
  PetscValidType(mat, 1);
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(v, VEC_CLASSID, 2);
  PetscCheck(mat->assembled, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONGSTATE, "Not for unassembled matrix");

  if (!mat->cmap->N) {
    PetscCall(VecSet(v, 0.0));
    if (idx) {
      PetscInt i, m = mat->rmap->n;
      for (i = 0; i < m; i++) idx[i] = -1;
    }
  } else {
    MatCheckPreallocated(mat, 1);
    if (idx) PetscCall(PetscArrayzero(idx, mat->rmap->n));
    PetscUseTypeMethod(mat, getrowmaxabs, v, idx);
  }
  PetscCall(PetscObjectStateIncrease((PetscObject)v));
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@
   MatGetRowSum - Gets the sum of each row of the matrix

   Logically or Neighborhood Collective

   Input Parameters:
.  mat - the matrix

   Output Parameter:
.  v - the vector for storing the sum of rows

   Level: intermediate

   Notes:
    This code is slow since it is not currently specialized for different formats

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `MatGetDiagonal()`, `MatCreateSubMatrices()`, `MatCreateSubMatrix()`, `MatGetRowMax()`, `MatGetRowMin()`, `MatGetRowMaxAbs()`, `MatGetRowMinAbs()`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatGetRowSum(Mat mat, Vec v)
{
  Vec ones;

  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(mat, MAT_CLASSID, 1);
  PetscValidType(mat, 1);
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(v, VEC_CLASSID, 2);
  PetscCheck(mat->assembled, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONGSTATE, "Not for unassembled matrix");
  MatCheckPreallocated(mat, 1);
  PetscCall(MatCreateVecs(mat, &ones, NULL));
  PetscCall(VecSet(ones, 1.));
  PetscCall(MatMult(mat, ones, v));
  PetscCall(VecDestroy(&ones));
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@
   MatTransposeSetPrecursor - Set the matrix from which the second matrix will receive numerical transpose data with a call to `MatTranspose`(A,`MAT_REUSE_MATRIX`,&B)
   when B was not obtained with `MatTranspose`(A,`MAT_INITIAL_MATRIX`,&B)

   Collective

   Input Parameter:
.  mat - the matrix to provide the transpose

   Output Parameter:
.  mat - the matrix to contain the transpose; it MUST have the nonzero structure of the transpose of A or the code will crash or generate incorrect results

   Level: advanced

   Note:
   Normally the use of `MatTranspose`(A, `MAT_REUSE_MATRIX`, &B) requires that `B` was obtained with a call to `MatTranspose`(A, `MAT_INITIAL_MATRIX`, &B). This
   routine allows bypassing that call.

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `MatTransposeSymbolic()`, `MatTranspose()`, `MatMultTranspose()`, `MatMultTransposeAdd()`, `MatIsTranspose()`, `MatReuse`, `MAT_INITIAL_MATRIX`, `MAT_REUSE_MATRIX`, `MAT_INPLACE_MATRIX`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatTransposeSetPrecursor(Mat mat, Mat B)
{
  PetscContainer  rB = NULL;
  MatParentState *rb = NULL;

  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscCall(PetscNew(&rb));
  rb->id    = ((PetscObject)mat)->id;
  rb->state = 0;
  PetscCall(MatGetNonzeroState(mat, &rb->nonzerostate));
  PetscCall(PetscContainerCreate(PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)B), &rB));
  PetscCall(PetscContainerSetPointer(rB, rb));
  PetscCall(PetscContainerSetUserDestroy(rB, PetscContainerUserDestroyDefault));
  PetscCall(PetscObjectCompose((PetscObject)B, "MatTransposeParent", (PetscObject)rB));
  PetscCall(PetscObjectDereference((PetscObject)rB));
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@
   MatTranspose - Computes an in-place or out-of-place transpose of a matrix.

   Collective

   Input Parameters:
+  mat - the matrix to transpose
-  reuse - either `MAT_INITIAL_MATRIX`, `MAT_REUSE_MATRIX`, or `MAT_INPLACE_MATRIX`

   Output Parameter:
.  B - the transpose

   Level: intermediate

   Notes:
     If you use `MAT_INPLACE_MATRIX` then you must pass in &mat for B

     `MAT_REUSE_MATRIX` uses the B matrix obtained from a previous call to this function with `MAT_INITIAL_MATRIX`. If you already have a matrix to contain the
     transpose, call `MatTransposeSetPrecursor`(mat,B) before calling this routine.

     If the nonzero structure of mat changed from the previous call to this function with the same matrices an error will be generated for some matrix types.

     Consider using `MatCreateTranspose()` instead if you only need a matrix that behaves like the transpose, but don't need the storage to be changed.

     If mat is unchanged from the last call this function returns immediately without recomputing the result

     If you only need the symbolic transpose, and not the numerical values, use `MatTransposeSymbolic()`

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `MatTransposeSetPrecursor()`, `MatMultTranspose()`, `MatMultTransposeAdd()`, `MatIsTranspose()`, `MatReuse`, `MAT_INITIAL_MATRIX`, `MAT_REUSE_MATRIX`, `MAT_INPLACE_MATRIX`,
          `MatTransposeSymbolic()`, `MatCreateTranspose()`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatTranspose(Mat mat, MatReuse reuse, Mat *B)
{
  PetscContainer  rB = NULL;
  MatParentState *rb = NULL;

  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(mat, MAT_CLASSID, 1);
  PetscValidType(mat, 1);
  PetscCheck(mat->assembled, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONGSTATE, "Not for unassembled matrix");
  PetscCheck(!mat->factortype, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONGSTATE, "Not for factored matrix");
  PetscCheck(reuse != MAT_INPLACE_MATRIX || mat == *B, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_SUP, "MAT_INPLACE_MATRIX requires last matrix to match first");
  PetscCheck(reuse != MAT_REUSE_MATRIX || mat != *B, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_SUP, "Perhaps you mean MAT_INPLACE_MATRIX");
  MatCheckPreallocated(mat, 1);
  if (reuse == MAT_REUSE_MATRIX) {
    PetscCall(PetscObjectQuery((PetscObject)*B, "MatTransposeParent", (PetscObject *)&rB));
    PetscCheck(rB, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)*B), PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONG, "Reuse matrix used was not generated from call to MatTranspose(). Suggest MatTransposeSetPrecursor().");
    PetscCall(PetscContainerGetPointer(rB, (void **)&rb));
    PetscCheck(rb->id == ((PetscObject)mat)->id, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)*B), PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONG, "Reuse matrix used was not generated from input matrix");
    if (rb->state == ((PetscObject)mat)->state) PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
  }

  PetscCall(PetscLogEventBegin(MAT_Transpose, mat, 0, 0, 0));
  if (reuse != MAT_INPLACE_MATRIX || mat->symmetric != PETSC_BOOL3_TRUE) {
    PetscUseTypeMethod(mat, transpose, reuse, B);
    PetscCall(PetscObjectStateIncrease((PetscObject)*B));
  }
  PetscCall(PetscLogEventEnd(MAT_Transpose, mat, 0, 0, 0));

  if (reuse == MAT_INITIAL_MATRIX) PetscCall(MatTransposeSetPrecursor(mat, *B));
  if (reuse != MAT_INPLACE_MATRIX) {
    PetscCall(PetscObjectQuery((PetscObject)*B, "MatTransposeParent", (PetscObject *)&rB));
    PetscCall(PetscContainerGetPointer(rB, (void **)&rb));
    rb->state        = ((PetscObject)mat)->state;
    rb->nonzerostate = mat->nonzerostate;
  }
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@
   MatTransposeSymbolic - Computes the symbolic part of the transpose of a matrix.

   Collective

   Input Parameters:
.  A - the matrix to transpose

   Output Parameter:
.  B - the transpose. This is a complete matrix but the numerical portion is invalid. One can call `MatTranspose`(A,`MAT_REUSE_MATRIX`,&B) to compute the
      numerical portion.

   Level: intermediate

   Note:
   This is not supported for many matrix types, use `MatTranspose()` in those cases

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `MatTransposeSetPrecursor()`, `MatTranspose()`, `MatMultTranspose()`, `MatMultTransposeAdd()`, `MatIsTranspose()`, `MatReuse`, `MAT_INITIAL_MATRIX`, `MAT_REUSE_MATRIX`, `MAT_INPLACE_MATRIX`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatTransposeSymbolic(Mat A, Mat *B)
{
  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(A, MAT_CLASSID, 1);
  PetscValidType(A, 1);
  PetscCheck(A->assembled, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)A), PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONGSTATE, "Not for unassembled matrix");
  PetscCheck(!A->factortype, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)A), PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONGSTATE, "Not for factored matrix");
  PetscCheck(A->ops->transposesymbolic, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)A), PETSC_ERR_SUP, "Mat type %s", ((PetscObject)A)->type_name);
  PetscCall(PetscLogEventBegin(MAT_Transpose, A, 0, 0, 0));
  PetscCall((*A->ops->transposesymbolic)(A, B));
  PetscCall(PetscLogEventEnd(MAT_Transpose, A, 0, 0, 0));

  PetscCall(MatTransposeSetPrecursor(A, *B));
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

PetscErrorCode MatTransposeCheckNonzeroState_Private(Mat A, Mat B)
{
  PetscContainer  rB;
  MatParentState *rb;

  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(A, MAT_CLASSID, 1);
  PetscValidType(A, 1);
  PetscCheck(A->assembled, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)A), PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONGSTATE, "Not for unassembled matrix");
  PetscCheck(!A->factortype, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)A), PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONGSTATE, "Not for factored matrix");
  PetscCall(PetscObjectQuery((PetscObject)B, "MatTransposeParent", (PetscObject *)&rB));
  PetscCheck(rB, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)B), PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONG, "Reuse matrix used was not generated from call to MatTranspose()");
  PetscCall(PetscContainerGetPointer(rB, (void **)&rb));
  PetscCheck(rb->id == ((PetscObject)A)->id, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)B), PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONG, "Reuse matrix used was not generated from input matrix");
  PetscCheck(rb->nonzerostate == A->nonzerostate, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)B), PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONGSTATE, "Reuse matrix has changed nonzero structure");
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@
   MatIsTranspose - Test whether a matrix is another one's transpose,
        or its own, in which case it tests symmetry.

   Collective

   Input Parameters:
+  A - the matrix to test
-  B - the matrix to test against, this can equal the first parameter

   Output Parameters:
.  flg - the result

   Level: intermediate

   Notes:
   Only available for `MATAIJ` matrices.

   The sequential algorithm has a running time of the order of the number of nonzeros; the parallel
   test involves parallel copies of the block-offdiagonal parts of the matrix.

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `MatTranspose()`, `MatIsSymmetric()`, `MatIsHermitian()`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatIsTranspose(Mat A, Mat B, PetscReal tol, PetscBool *flg)
{
  PetscErrorCode (*f)(Mat, Mat, PetscReal, PetscBool *), (*g)(Mat, Mat, PetscReal, PetscBool *);

  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(A, MAT_CLASSID, 1);
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(B, MAT_CLASSID, 2);
  PetscValidBoolPointer(flg, 4);
  PetscCall(PetscObjectQueryFunction((PetscObject)A, "MatIsTranspose_C", &f));
  PetscCall(PetscObjectQueryFunction((PetscObject)B, "MatIsTranspose_C", &g));
  *flg = PETSC_FALSE;
  if (f && g) {
    PetscCheck(f == g, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)A), PETSC_ERR_ARG_NOTSAMETYPE, "Matrices do not have the same comparator for symmetry test");
    PetscCall((*f)(A, B, tol, flg));
  } else {
    MatType mattype;

    PetscCall(MatGetType(f ? B : A, &mattype));
    SETERRQ(PETSC_COMM_SELF, PETSC_ERR_SUP, "Matrix of type %s does not support checking for transpose", mattype);
  }
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@
   MatHermitianTranspose - Computes an in-place or out-of-place Hermitian transpose of a matrix in complex conjugate.

   Collective

   Input Parameters:
+  mat - the matrix to transpose and complex conjugate
-  reuse - either `MAT_INITIAL_MATRIX`, `MAT_REUSE_MATRIX`, or `MAT_INPLACE_MATRIX`

   Output Parameter:
.  B - the Hermitian transpose

   Level: intermediate

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `MatTranspose()`, `MatMultTranspose()`, `MatMultTransposeAdd()`, `MatIsTranspose()`, `MatReuse`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatHermitianTranspose(Mat mat, MatReuse reuse, Mat *B)
{
  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscCall(MatTranspose(mat, reuse, B));
#if defined(PETSC_USE_COMPLEX)
  PetscCall(MatConjugate(*B));
#endif
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@
   MatIsHermitianTranspose - Test whether a matrix is another one's Hermitian transpose,

   Collective

   Input Parameters:
+  A - the matrix to test
-  B - the matrix to test against, this can equal the first parameter

   Output Parameters:
.  flg - the result

   Level: intermediate

   Notes:
   Only available for `MATAIJ` matrices.

   The sequential algorithm
   has a running time of the order of the number of nonzeros; the parallel
   test involves parallel copies of the block-offdiagonal parts of the matrix.

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `MatTranspose()`, `MatIsSymmetric()`, `MatIsHermitian()`, `MatIsTranspose()`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatIsHermitianTranspose(Mat A, Mat B, PetscReal tol, PetscBool *flg)
{
  PetscErrorCode (*f)(Mat, Mat, PetscReal, PetscBool *), (*g)(Mat, Mat, PetscReal, PetscBool *);

  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(A, MAT_CLASSID, 1);
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(B, MAT_CLASSID, 2);
  PetscValidBoolPointer(flg, 4);
  PetscCall(PetscObjectQueryFunction((PetscObject)A, "MatIsHermitianTranspose_C", &f));
  PetscCall(PetscObjectQueryFunction((PetscObject)B, "MatIsHermitianTranspose_C", &g));
  if (f && g) {
    PetscCheck(f != g, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)A), PETSC_ERR_ARG_NOTSAMETYPE, "Matrices do not have the same comparator for Hermitian test");
    PetscCall((*f)(A, B, tol, flg));
  }
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@
   MatPermute - Creates a new matrix with rows and columns permuted from the
   original.

   Collective

   Input Parameters:
+  mat - the matrix to permute
.  row - row permutation, each processor supplies only the permutation for its rows
-  col - column permutation, each processor supplies only the permutation for its columns

   Output Parameters:
.  B - the permuted matrix

   Level: advanced

   Note:
   The index sets map from row/col of permuted matrix to row/col of original matrix.
   The index sets should be on the same communicator as mat and have the same local sizes.

   Developer Note:
     If you want to implement `MatPermute()` for a matrix type, and your approach doesn't
     exploit the fact that row and col are permutations, consider implementing the
     more general `MatCreateSubMatrix()` instead.

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `MatGetOrdering()`, `ISAllGather()`, `MatCreateSubMatrix()`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatPermute(Mat mat, IS row, IS col, Mat *B)
{
  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(mat, MAT_CLASSID, 1);
  PetscValidType(mat, 1);
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(row, IS_CLASSID, 2);
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(col, IS_CLASSID, 3);
  PetscValidPointer(B, 4);
  PetscCheckSameComm(mat, 1, row, 2);
  if (row != col) PetscCheckSameComm(row, 2, col, 3);
  PetscCheck(mat->assembled, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONGSTATE, "Not for unassembled matrix");
  PetscCheck(!mat->factortype, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONGSTATE, "Not for factored matrix");
  PetscCheck(mat->ops->permute || mat->ops->createsubmatrix, PETSC_COMM_SELF, PETSC_ERR_SUP, "MatPermute not available for Mat type %s", ((PetscObject)mat)->type_name);
  MatCheckPreallocated(mat, 1);

  if (mat->ops->permute) {
    PetscUseTypeMethod(mat, permute, row, col, B);
    PetscCall(PetscObjectStateIncrease((PetscObject)*B));
  } else {
    PetscCall(MatCreateSubMatrix(mat, row, col, MAT_INITIAL_MATRIX, B));
  }
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@
   MatEqual - Compares two matrices.

   Collective

   Input Parameters:
+  A - the first matrix
-  B - the second matrix

   Output Parameter:
.  flg - `PETSC_TRUE` if the matrices are equal; `PETSC_FALSE` otherwise.

   Level: intermediate

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatEqual(Mat A, Mat B, PetscBool *flg)
{
  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(A, MAT_CLASSID, 1);
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(B, MAT_CLASSID, 2);
  PetscValidType(A, 1);
  PetscValidType(B, 2);
  PetscValidBoolPointer(flg, 3);
  PetscCheckSameComm(A, 1, B, 2);
  MatCheckPreallocated(A, 1);
  MatCheckPreallocated(B, 2);
  PetscCheck(A->assembled, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)A), PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONGSTATE, "Not for unassembled matrix");
  PetscCheck(B->assembled, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)B), PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONGSTATE, "Not for unassembled matrix");
  PetscCheck(A->rmap->N == B->rmap->N && A->cmap->N == B->cmap->N, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)A), PETSC_ERR_ARG_SIZ, "Mat A,Mat B: global dim %" PetscInt_FMT " %" PetscInt_FMT " %" PetscInt_FMT " %" PetscInt_FMT, A->rmap->N, B->rmap->N, A->cmap->N,
             B->cmap->N);
  if (A->ops->equal && A->ops->equal == B->ops->equal) {
    PetscUseTypeMethod(A, equal, B, flg);
  } else {
    PetscCall(MatMultEqual(A, B, 10, flg));
  }
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@
   MatDiagonalScale - Scales a matrix on the left and right by diagonal
   matrices that are stored as vectors.  Either of the two scaling
   matrices can be `NULL`.

   Collective

   Input Parameters:
+  mat - the matrix to be scaled
.  l - the left scaling vector (or `NULL`)
-  r - the right scaling vector (or `NULL`)

   Level: intermediate

   Note:
   `MatDiagonalScale()` computes A = LAR, where
   L = a diagonal matrix (stored as a vector), R = a diagonal matrix (stored as a vector)
   The L scales the rows of the matrix, the R scales the columns of the matrix.

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `MatScale()`, `MatShift()`, `MatDiagonalSet()`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatDiagonalScale(Mat mat, Vec l, Vec r)
{
  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(mat, MAT_CLASSID, 1);
  PetscValidType(mat, 1);
  if (l) {
    PetscValidHeaderSpecific(l, VEC_CLASSID, 2);
    PetscCheckSameComm(mat, 1, l, 2);
  }
  if (r) {
    PetscValidHeaderSpecific(r, VEC_CLASSID, 3);
    PetscCheckSameComm(mat, 1, r, 3);
  }
  PetscCheck(mat->assembled, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONGSTATE, "Not for unassembled matrix");
  PetscCheck(!mat->factortype, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONGSTATE, "Not for factored matrix");
  MatCheckPreallocated(mat, 1);
  if (!l && !r) PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);

  PetscCall(PetscLogEventBegin(MAT_Scale, mat, 0, 0, 0));
  PetscUseTypeMethod(mat, diagonalscale, l, r);
  PetscCall(PetscLogEventEnd(MAT_Scale, mat, 0, 0, 0));
  PetscCall(PetscObjectStateIncrease((PetscObject)mat));
  if (l != r) mat->symmetric = PETSC_BOOL3_FALSE;
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@
    MatScale - Scales all elements of a matrix by a given number.

    Logically Collective

    Input Parameters:
+   mat - the matrix to be scaled
-   a  - the scaling value

    Output Parameter:
.   mat - the scaled matrix

    Level: intermediate

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `MatDiagonalScale()`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatScale(Mat mat, PetscScalar a)
{
  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(mat, MAT_CLASSID, 1);
  PetscValidType(mat, 1);
  PetscCheck(a == (PetscScalar)1.0 || mat->ops->scale, PETSC_COMM_SELF, PETSC_ERR_SUP, "Mat type %s", ((PetscObject)mat)->type_name);
  PetscCheck(mat->assembled, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONGSTATE, "Not for unassembled matrix");
  PetscCheck(!mat->factortype, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONGSTATE, "Not for factored matrix");
  PetscValidLogicalCollectiveScalar(mat, a, 2);
  MatCheckPreallocated(mat, 1);

  PetscCall(PetscLogEventBegin(MAT_Scale, mat, 0, 0, 0));
  if (a != (PetscScalar)1.0) {
    PetscUseTypeMethod(mat, scale, a);
    PetscCall(PetscObjectStateIncrease((PetscObject)mat));
  }
  PetscCall(PetscLogEventEnd(MAT_Scale, mat, 0, 0, 0));
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@
   MatNorm - Calculates various norms of a matrix.

   Collective

   Input Parameters:
+  mat - the matrix
-  type - the type of norm, `NORM_1`, `NORM_FROBENIUS`, `NORM_INFINITY`

   Output Parameter:
.  nrm - the resulting norm

   Level: intermediate

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatNorm(Mat mat, NormType type, PetscReal *nrm)
{
  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(mat, MAT_CLASSID, 1);
  PetscValidType(mat, 1);
  PetscValidRealPointer(nrm, 3);

  PetscCheck(mat->assembled, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONGSTATE, "Not for unassembled matrix");
  PetscCheck(!mat->factortype, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONGSTATE, "Not for factored matrix");
  MatCheckPreallocated(mat, 1);

  PetscUseTypeMethod(mat, norm, type, nrm);
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*
     This variable is used to prevent counting of MatAssemblyBegin() that
   are called from within a MatAssemblyEnd().
*/
static PetscInt MatAssemblyEnd_InUse = 0;
/*@
   MatAssemblyBegin - Begins assembling the matrix.  This routine should
   be called after completing all calls to `MatSetValues()`.

   Collective

   Input Parameters:
+  mat - the matrix
-  type - type of assembly, either `MAT_FLUSH_ASSEMBLY` or `MAT_FINAL_ASSEMBLY`

   Level: beginner

   Notes:
   `MatSetValues()` generally caches the values that belong to other MPI ranks.  The matrix is ready to
   use only after `MatAssemblyBegin()` and `MatAssemblyEnd()` have been called.

   Use `MAT_FLUSH_ASSEMBLY` when switching between `ADD_VALUES` and `INSERT_VALUES`
   in `MatSetValues()`; use `MAT_FINAL_ASSEMBLY` for the final assembly before
   using the matrix.

   ALL processes that share a matrix MUST call `MatAssemblyBegin()` and `MatAssemblyEnd()` the SAME NUMBER of times, and each time with the
   same flag of `MAT_FLUSH_ASSEMBLY` or `MAT_FINAL_ASSEMBLY` for all processes. Thus you CANNOT locally change from `ADD_VALUES` to `INSERT_VALUES`, that is
   a global collective operation requiring all processes that share the matrix.

   Space for preallocated nonzeros that is not filled by a call to `MatSetValues()` or a related routine are compressed
   out by assembly. If you intend to use that extra space on a subsequent assembly, be sure to insert explicit zeros
   before `MAT_FINAL_ASSEMBLY` so the space is not compressed out.

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `MatAssemblyEnd()`, `MatSetValues()`, `MatAssembled()`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatAssemblyBegin(Mat mat, MatAssemblyType type)
{
  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(mat, MAT_CLASSID, 1);
  PetscValidType(mat, 1);
  MatCheckPreallocated(mat, 1);
  PetscCheck(!mat->factortype, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONGSTATE, "Not for factored matrix.\nDid you forget to call MatSetUnfactored()?");
  if (mat->assembled) {
    mat->was_assembled = PETSC_TRUE;
    mat->assembled     = PETSC_FALSE;
  }

  if (!MatAssemblyEnd_InUse) {
    PetscCall(PetscLogEventBegin(MAT_AssemblyBegin, mat, 0, 0, 0));
    PetscTryTypeMethod(mat, assemblybegin, type);
    PetscCall(PetscLogEventEnd(MAT_AssemblyBegin, mat, 0, 0, 0));
  } else PetscTryTypeMethod(mat, assemblybegin, type);
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@
   MatAssembled - Indicates if a matrix has been assembled and is ready for
     use; for example, in matrix-vector product.

   Not Collective

   Input Parameter:
.  mat - the matrix

   Output Parameter:
.  assembled - `PETSC_TRUE` or `PETSC_FALSE`

   Level: advanced

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `MatAssemblyEnd()`, `MatSetValues()`, `MatAssemblyBegin()`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatAssembled(Mat mat, PetscBool *assembled)
{
  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(mat, MAT_CLASSID, 1);
  PetscValidBoolPointer(assembled, 2);
  *assembled = mat->assembled;
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@
   MatAssemblyEnd - Completes assembling the matrix.  This routine should
   be called after `MatAssemblyBegin()`.

   Collective

   Input Parameters:
+  mat - the matrix
-  type - type of assembly, either `MAT_FLUSH_ASSEMBLY` or `MAT_FINAL_ASSEMBLY`

   Options Database Keys:
+  -mat_view ::ascii_info - Prints info on matrix at conclusion of `MatEndAssembly()`
.  -mat_view ::ascii_info_detail - Prints more detailed info
.  -mat_view - Prints matrix in ASCII format
.  -mat_view ::ascii_matlab - Prints matrix in Matlab format
.  -mat_view draw - draws nonzero structure of matrix, using `MatView()` and `PetscDrawOpenX()`.
.  -display <name> - Sets display name (default is host)
.  -draw_pause <sec> - Sets number of seconds to pause after display
.  -mat_view socket - Sends matrix to socket, can be accessed from Matlab (See [Using MATLAB with PETSc](ch_matlab))
.  -viewer_socket_machine <machine> - Machine to use for socket
.  -viewer_socket_port <port> - Port number to use for socket
-  -mat_view binary:filename[:append] - Save matrix to file in binary format

   Level: beginner

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `MatAssemblyBegin()`, `MatSetValues()`, `PetscDrawOpenX()`, `PetscDrawCreate()`, `MatView()`, `MatAssembled()`, `PetscViewerSocketOpen()`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatAssemblyEnd(Mat mat, MatAssemblyType type)
{
  static PetscInt inassm = 0;
  PetscBool       flg    = PETSC_FALSE;

  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(mat, MAT_CLASSID, 1);
  PetscValidType(mat, 1);

  inassm++;
  MatAssemblyEnd_InUse++;
  if (MatAssemblyEnd_InUse == 1) { /* Do the logging only the first time through */
    PetscCall(PetscLogEventBegin(MAT_AssemblyEnd, mat, 0, 0, 0));
    PetscTryTypeMethod(mat, assemblyend, type);
    PetscCall(PetscLogEventEnd(MAT_AssemblyEnd, mat, 0, 0, 0));
  } else PetscTryTypeMethod(mat, assemblyend, type);

  /* Flush assembly is not a true assembly */
  if (type != MAT_FLUSH_ASSEMBLY) {
    if (mat->num_ass) {
      if (!mat->symmetry_eternal) {
        mat->symmetric = PETSC_BOOL3_UNKNOWN;
        mat->hermitian = PETSC_BOOL3_UNKNOWN;
      }
      if (!mat->structural_symmetry_eternal && mat->ass_nonzerostate != mat->nonzerostate) mat->structurally_symmetric = PETSC_BOOL3_UNKNOWN;
      if (!mat->spd_eternal) mat->spd = PETSC_BOOL3_UNKNOWN;
    }
    mat->num_ass++;
    mat->assembled        = PETSC_TRUE;
    mat->ass_nonzerostate = mat->nonzerostate;
  }

  mat->insertmode = NOT_SET_VALUES;
  MatAssemblyEnd_InUse--;
  PetscCall(PetscObjectStateIncrease((PetscObject)mat));
  if (inassm == 1 && type != MAT_FLUSH_ASSEMBLY) {
    PetscCall(MatViewFromOptions(mat, NULL, "-mat_view"));

    if (mat->checksymmetryonassembly) {
      PetscCall(MatIsSymmetric(mat, mat->checksymmetrytol, &flg));
      if (flg) {
        PetscCall(PetscPrintf(PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), "Matrix is symmetric (tolerance %g)\n", (double)mat->checksymmetrytol));
      } else {
        PetscCall(PetscPrintf(PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), "Matrix is not symmetric (tolerance %g)\n", (double)mat->checksymmetrytol));
      }
    }
    if (mat->nullsp && mat->checknullspaceonassembly) PetscCall(MatNullSpaceTest(mat->nullsp, mat, NULL));
  }
  inassm--;
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@
   MatSetOption - Sets a parameter option for a matrix. Some options
   may be specific to certain storage formats.  Some options
   determine how values will be inserted (or added). Sorted,
   row-oriented input will generally assemble the fastest. The default
   is row-oriented.

   Logically Collective for certain operations, such as `MAT_SPD`, not collective for `MAT_ROW_ORIENTED`, see `MatOption`

   Input Parameters:
+  mat - the matrix
.  option - the option, one of those listed below (and possibly others),
-  flg - turn the option on (`PETSC_TRUE`) or off (`PETSC_FALSE`)

  Options Describing Matrix Structure:
+    `MAT_SPD` - symmetric positive definite
.    `MAT_SYMMETRIC` - symmetric in terms of both structure and value
.    `MAT_HERMITIAN` - transpose is the complex conjugation
.    `MAT_STRUCTURALLY_SYMMETRIC` - symmetric nonzero structure
.    `MAT_SYMMETRY_ETERNAL` - indicates the symmetry (or Hermitian structure) or its absence will persist through any changes to the matrix
.    `MAT_STRUCTURAL_SYMMETRY_ETERNAL` - indicates the structural symmetry or its absence will persist through any changes to the matrix
-    `MAT_SPD_ETERNAL` - indicates the value of `MAT_SPD` (true or false) will persist through any changes to the matrix

   These are not really options of the matrix, they are knowledge about the structure of the matrix that users may provide so that they
   do not need to be computed (usually at a high cost)

   Options For Use with `MatSetValues()`:
   Insert a logically dense subblock, which can be
.    `MAT_ROW_ORIENTED` - row-oriented (default)

   These options reflect the data you pass in with `MatSetValues()`; it has
   nothing to do with how the data is stored internally in the matrix
   data structure.

   When (re)assembling a matrix, we can restrict the input for
   efficiency/debugging purposes.  These options include
+    `MAT_NEW_NONZERO_LOCATIONS` - additional insertions will be allowed if they generate a new nonzero (slow)
.    `MAT_FORCE_DIAGONAL_ENTRIES` - forces diagonal entries to be allocated
.    `MAT_IGNORE_OFF_PROC_ENTRIES` - drops off-processor entries
.    `MAT_NEW_NONZERO_LOCATION_ERR` - generates an error for new matrix entry
.    `MAT_USE_HASH_TABLE` - uses a hash table to speed up matrix assembly
.    `MAT_NO_OFF_PROC_ENTRIES` - you know each process will only set values for its own rows, will generate an error if
        any process sets values for another process. This avoids all reductions in the MatAssembly routines and thus improves
        performance for very large process counts.
-    `MAT_SUBSET_OFF_PROC_ENTRIES` - you know that the first assembly after setting this flag will set a superset
        of the off-process entries required for all subsequent assemblies. This avoids a rendezvous step in the MatAssembly
        functions, instead sending only neighbor messages.

   Level: intermediate

   Notes:
   Except for `MAT_UNUSED_NONZERO_LOCATION_ERR` and  `MAT_ROW_ORIENTED` all processes that share the matrix must pass the same value in flg!

   Some options are relevant only for particular matrix types and
   are thus ignored by others.  Other options are not supported by
   certain matrix types and will generate an error message if set.

   If using Fortran to compute a matrix, one may need to
   use the column-oriented option (or convert to the row-oriented
   format).

   `MAT_NEW_NONZERO_LOCATIONS` set to `PETSC_FALSE` indicates that any add or insertion
   that would generate a new entry in the nonzero structure is instead
   ignored.  Thus, if memory has not already been allocated for this particular
   data, then the insertion is ignored. For dense matrices, in which
   the entire array is allocated, no entries are ever ignored.
   Set after the first `MatAssemblyEnd()`. If this option is set then the MatAssemblyBegin/End() processes has one less global reduction

   `MAT_NEW_NONZERO_LOCATION_ERR` set to PETSC_TRUE indicates that any add or insertion
   that would generate a new entry in the nonzero structure instead produces
   an error. (Currently supported for `MATAIJ` and `MATBAIJ` formats only.) If this option is set then the `MatAssemblyBegin()`/`MatAssemblyEnd()` processes has one less global reduction

   `MAT_NEW_NONZERO_ALLOCATION_ERR` set to `PETSC_TRUE` indicates that any add or insertion
   that would generate a new entry that has not been preallocated will
   instead produce an error. (Currently supported for `MATAIJ` and `MATBAIJ` formats
   only.) This is a useful flag when debugging matrix memory preallocation.
   If this option is set then the `MatAssemblyBegin()`/`MatAssemblyEnd()` processes has one less global reduction

   `MAT_IGNORE_OFF_PROC_ENTRIES` set to `PETSC_TRUE` indicates entries destined for
   other processors should be dropped, rather than stashed.
   This is useful if you know that the "owning" processor is also
   always generating the correct matrix entries, so that PETSc need
   not transfer duplicate entries generated on another processor.

   `MAT_USE_HASH_TABLE` indicates that a hash table be used to improve the
   searches during matrix assembly. When this flag is set, the hash table
   is created during the first matrix assembly. This hash table is
   used the next time through, during `MatSetValues()`/`MatSetValuesBlocked()`
   to improve the searching of indices. `MAT_NEW_NONZERO_LOCATIONS` flag
   should be used with `MAT_USE_HASH_TABLE` flag. This option is currently
   supported by `MATMPIBAIJ` format only.

   `MAT_KEEP_NONZERO_PATTERN` indicates when `MatZeroRows()` is called the zeroed entries
   are kept in the nonzero structure

   `MAT_IGNORE_ZERO_ENTRIES` - for `MATAIJ` and `MATIS` matrices this will stop zero values from creating
   a zero location in the matrix

   `MAT_USE_INODES` - indicates using inode version of the code - works with `MATAIJ` matrix types

   `MAT_NO_OFF_PROC_ZERO_ROWS` - you know each process will only zero its own rows. This avoids all reductions in the
        zero row routines and thus improves performance for very large process counts.

   `MAT_IGNORE_LOWER_TRIANGULAR` - For `MATSBAIJ` matrices will ignore any insertions you make in the lower triangular
        part of the matrix (since they should match the upper triangular part).

   `MAT_SORTED_FULL` - each process provides exactly its local rows; all column indices for a given row are passed in a
                     single call to `MatSetValues()`, preallocation is perfect, row oriented, `INSERT_VALUES` is used. Common
                     with finite difference schemes with non-periodic boundary conditions.

   Developer Note:
   `MAT_SYMMETRY_ETERNAL`, `MAT_STRUCTURAL_SYMMETRY_ETERNAL`, and `MAT_SPD_ETERNAL` are used by `MatAssemblyEnd()` and in other
   places where otherwise the value of `MAT_SYMMETRIC`, `MAT_STRUCTURAL_SYMMETRIC` or `MAT_SPD` would need to be changed back
   to `PETSC_BOOL3_UNKNOWN` because the matrix values had changed so the code cannot be certain that the related property had
   not changed.

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `MatOption`, `Mat`, `MatGetOption()`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatSetOption(Mat mat, MatOption op, PetscBool flg)
{
  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(mat, MAT_CLASSID, 1);
  if (op > 0) {
    PetscValidLogicalCollectiveEnum(mat, op, 2);
    PetscValidLogicalCollectiveBool(mat, flg, 3);
  }

  PetscCheck(((int)op) > MAT_OPTION_MIN && ((int)op) < MAT_OPTION_MAX, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_ARG_OUTOFRANGE, "Options %d is out of range", (int)op);

  switch (op) {
  case MAT_FORCE_DIAGONAL_ENTRIES:
    mat->force_diagonals = flg;
    PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
  case MAT_NO_OFF_PROC_ENTRIES:
    mat->nooffprocentries = flg;
    PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
  case MAT_SUBSET_OFF_PROC_ENTRIES:
    mat->assembly_subset = flg;
    if (!mat->assembly_subset) { /* See the same logic in VecAssembly wrt VEC_SUBSET_OFF_PROC_ENTRIES */
#if !defined(PETSC_HAVE_MPIUNI)
      PetscCall(MatStashScatterDestroy_BTS(&mat->stash));
#endif
      mat->stash.first_assembly_done = PETSC_FALSE;
    }
    PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
  case MAT_NO_OFF_PROC_ZERO_ROWS:
    mat->nooffproczerorows = flg;
    PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
  case MAT_SPD:
    if (flg) {
      mat->spd                    = PETSC_BOOL3_TRUE;
      mat->symmetric              = PETSC_BOOL3_TRUE;
      mat->structurally_symmetric = PETSC_BOOL3_TRUE;
    } else {
      mat->spd = PETSC_BOOL3_FALSE;
    }
    break;
  case MAT_SYMMETRIC:
    mat->symmetric = flg ? PETSC_BOOL3_TRUE : PETSC_BOOL3_FALSE;
    if (flg) mat->structurally_symmetric = PETSC_BOOL3_TRUE;
#if !defined(PETSC_USE_COMPLEX)
    mat->hermitian = flg ? PETSC_BOOL3_TRUE : PETSC_BOOL3_FALSE;
#endif
    break;
  case MAT_HERMITIAN:
    mat->hermitian = flg ? PETSC_BOOL3_TRUE : PETSC_BOOL3_FALSE;
    if (flg) mat->structurally_symmetric = PETSC_BOOL3_TRUE;
#if !defined(PETSC_USE_COMPLEX)
    mat->symmetric = flg ? PETSC_BOOL3_TRUE : PETSC_BOOL3_FALSE;
#endif
    break;
  case MAT_STRUCTURALLY_SYMMETRIC:
    mat->structurally_symmetric = flg ? PETSC_BOOL3_TRUE : PETSC_BOOL3_FALSE;
    break;
  case MAT_SYMMETRY_ETERNAL:
    PetscCheck(mat->symmetric != PETSC_BOOL3_UNKNOWN, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONGSTATE, "Cannot set MAT_SYMMETRY_ETERNAL without first setting MAT_SYMMETRIC to true or false");
    mat->symmetry_eternal = flg;
    if (flg) mat->structural_symmetry_eternal = PETSC_TRUE;
    break;
  case MAT_STRUCTURAL_SYMMETRY_ETERNAL:
    PetscCheck(mat->structurally_symmetric != PETSC_BOOL3_UNKNOWN, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONGSTATE, "Cannot set MAT_STRUCTURAL_SYMMETRY_ETERNAL without first setting MAT_STRUCTURAL_SYMMETRIC to true or false");
    mat->structural_symmetry_eternal = flg;
    break;
  case MAT_SPD_ETERNAL:
    PetscCheck(mat->spd != PETSC_BOOL3_UNKNOWN, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONGSTATE, "Cannot set MAT_SPD_ETERNAL without first setting MAT_SPD to true or false");
    mat->spd_eternal = flg;
    if (flg) {
      mat->structural_symmetry_eternal = PETSC_TRUE;
      mat->symmetry_eternal            = PETSC_TRUE;
    }
    break;
  case MAT_STRUCTURE_ONLY:
    mat->structure_only = flg;
    break;
  case MAT_SORTED_FULL:
    mat->sortedfull = flg;
    break;
  default:
    break;
  }
  PetscTryTypeMethod(mat, setoption, op, flg);
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@
   MatGetOption - Gets a parameter option that has been set for a matrix.

   Logically Collective

   Input Parameters:
+  mat - the matrix
-  option - the option, this only responds to certain options, check the code for which ones

   Output Parameter:
.  flg - turn the option on (`PETSC_TRUE`) or off (`PETSC_FALSE`)

   Level: intermediate

    Notes:
    Can only be called after `MatSetSizes()` and `MatSetType()` have been set.

    Certain option values may be unknown, for those use the routines `MatIsSymmetric()`, `MatIsHermitian()`, `MatIsStructurallySymmetric()`, or
    `MatIsSymmetricKnown()`, `MatIsHermitianKnown()`, `MatIsStructurallySymmetricKnown()`

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `MatOption`, `MatSetOption()`, `MatIsSymmetric()`, `MatIsHermitian()`, `MatIsStructurallySymmetric()`,
    `MatIsSymmetricKnown()`, `MatIsHermitianKnown()`, `MatIsStructurallySymmetricKnown()`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatGetOption(Mat mat, MatOption op, PetscBool *flg)
{
  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(mat, MAT_CLASSID, 1);
  PetscValidType(mat, 1);

  PetscCheck(((int)op) > MAT_OPTION_MIN && ((int)op) < MAT_OPTION_MAX, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_ARG_OUTOFRANGE, "Options %d is out of range", (int)op);
  PetscCheck(((PetscObject)mat)->type_name, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_ARG_TYPENOTSET, "Cannot get options until type and size have been set, see MatSetType() and MatSetSizes()");

  switch (op) {
  case MAT_NO_OFF_PROC_ENTRIES:
    *flg = mat->nooffprocentries;
    break;
  case MAT_NO_OFF_PROC_ZERO_ROWS:
    *flg = mat->nooffproczerorows;
    break;
  case MAT_SYMMETRIC:
    SETERRQ(PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_SUP, "Use MatIsSymmetric() or MatIsSymmetricKnown()");
    break;
  case MAT_HERMITIAN:
    SETERRQ(PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_SUP, "Use MatIsHermitian() or MatIsHermitianKnown()");
    break;
  case MAT_STRUCTURALLY_SYMMETRIC:
    SETERRQ(PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_SUP, "Use MatIsStructurallySymmetric() or MatIsStructurallySymmetricKnown()");
    break;
  case MAT_SPD:
    SETERRQ(PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_SUP, "Use MatIsSPDKnown()");
    break;
  case MAT_SYMMETRY_ETERNAL:
    *flg = mat->symmetry_eternal;
    break;
  case MAT_STRUCTURAL_SYMMETRY_ETERNAL:
    *flg = mat->symmetry_eternal;
    break;
  default:
    break;
  }
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@
   MatZeroEntries - Zeros all entries of a matrix.  For sparse matrices
   this routine retains the old nonzero structure.

   Logically Collective

   Input Parameters:
.  mat - the matrix

   Level: intermediate

   Note:
    If the matrix was not preallocated then a default, likely poor preallocation will be set in the matrix, so this should be called after the preallocation phase.
   See the Performance chapter of the users manual for information on preallocating matrices.

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `MatZeroRows()`, `MatZeroRowsColumns()`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatZeroEntries(Mat mat)
{
  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(mat, MAT_CLASSID, 1);
  PetscValidType(mat, 1);
  PetscCheck(!mat->factortype, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONGSTATE, "Not for factored matrix");
  PetscCheck(mat->insertmode == NOT_SET_VALUES, PETSC_COMM_SELF, PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONGSTATE, "Not for matrices where you have set values but not yet assembled");
  MatCheckPreallocated(mat, 1);

  PetscCall(PetscLogEventBegin(MAT_ZeroEntries, mat, 0, 0, 0));
  PetscUseTypeMethod(mat, zeroentries);
  PetscCall(PetscLogEventEnd(MAT_ZeroEntries, mat, 0, 0, 0));
  PetscCall(PetscObjectStateIncrease((PetscObject)mat));
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@
   MatZeroRowsColumns - Zeros all entries (except possibly the main diagonal)
   of a set of rows and columns of a matrix.

   Collective

   Input Parameters:
+  mat - the matrix
.  numRows - the number of rows/columns to zero
.  rows - the global row indices
.  diag - value put in the diagonal of the eliminated rows
.  x - optional vector of the solution for zeroed rows (other entries in vector are not used), these must be set before this call
-  b - optional vector of the right hand side, that will be adjusted by provided solution entries

   Level: intermediate

   Notes:
   This routine, along with `MatZeroRows()`, is typically used to eliminate known Dirichlet boundary conditions from a linear system.

   For each zeroed row, the value of the corresponding `b` is set to diag times the value of the corresponding `x`.
   The other entries of `b` will be adjusted by the known values of `x` times the corresponding matrix entries in the columns that are being eliminated

   If the resulting linear system is to be solved with `KSP` then one can (but does not have to) call `KSPSetInitialGuessNonzero()` to allow the
   Krylov method to take advantage of the known solution on the zeroed rows.

   For the parallel case, all processes that share the matrix (i.e.,
   those in the communicator used for matrix creation) MUST call this
   routine, regardless of whether any rows being zeroed are owned by
   them.

   Unlike `MatZeroRows()` this does not change the nonzero structure of the matrix, it merely zeros those entries in the matrix.

   Each processor can indicate any rows in the entire matrix to be zeroed (i.e. each process does NOT have to
   list only rows local to itself).

   The option `MAT_NO_OFF_PROC_ZERO_ROWS` does not apply to this routine.

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `MatZeroRowsIS()`, `MatZeroRows()`, `MatZeroRowsLocalIS()`, `MatZeroRowsStencil()`, `MatZeroEntries()`, `MatZeroRowsLocal()`, `MatSetOption()`,
          `MatZeroRowsColumnsLocal()`, `MatZeroRowsColumnsLocalIS()`, `MatZeroRowsColumnsIS()`, `MatZeroRowsColumnsStencil()`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatZeroRowsColumns(Mat mat, PetscInt numRows, const PetscInt rows[], PetscScalar diag, Vec x, Vec b)
{
  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(mat, MAT_CLASSID, 1);
  PetscValidType(mat, 1);
  if (numRows) PetscValidIntPointer(rows, 3);
  PetscCheck(mat->assembled, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONGSTATE, "Not for unassembled matrix");
  PetscCheck(!mat->factortype, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONGSTATE, "Not for factored matrix");
  MatCheckPreallocated(mat, 1);

  PetscUseTypeMethod(mat, zerorowscolumns, numRows, rows, diag, x, b);
  PetscCall(MatViewFromOptions(mat, NULL, "-mat_view"));
  PetscCall(PetscObjectStateIncrease((PetscObject)mat));
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@
   MatZeroRowsColumnsIS - Zeros all entries (except possibly the main diagonal)
   of a set of rows and columns of a matrix.

   Collective

   Input Parameters:
+  mat - the matrix
.  is - the rows to zero
.  diag - value put in all diagonals of eliminated rows (0.0 will even eliminate diagonal entry)
.  x - optional vector of solutions for zeroed rows (other entries in vector are not used)
-  b - optional vector of right hand side, that will be adjusted by provided solution

   Level: intermediate

   Note:
   See `MatZeroRowsColumns()` for details on how this routine operates.

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `MatZeroRowsIS()`, `MatZeroRowsColumns()`, `MatZeroRowsLocalIS()`, `MatZeroRowsStencil()`, `MatZeroEntries()`, `MatZeroRowsLocal()`, `MatSetOption()`,
          `MatZeroRowsColumnsLocal()`, `MatZeroRowsColumnsLocalIS()`, `MatZeroRows()`, `MatZeroRowsColumnsStencil()`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatZeroRowsColumnsIS(Mat mat, IS is, PetscScalar diag, Vec x, Vec b)
{
  PetscInt        numRows;
  const PetscInt *rows;

  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(mat, MAT_CLASSID, 1);
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(is, IS_CLASSID, 2);
  PetscValidType(mat, 1);
  PetscValidType(is, 2);
  PetscCall(ISGetLocalSize(is, &numRows));
  PetscCall(ISGetIndices(is, &rows));
  PetscCall(MatZeroRowsColumns(mat, numRows, rows, diag, x, b));
  PetscCall(ISRestoreIndices(is, &rows));
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@
   MatZeroRows - Zeros all entries (except possibly the main diagonal)
   of a set of rows of a matrix.

   Collective

   Input Parameters:
+  mat - the matrix
.  numRows - the number of rows to zero
.  rows - the global row indices
.  diag - value put in the diagonal of the zeroed rows
.  x - optional vector of solutions for zeroed rows (other entries in vector are not used), these must be set before this call
-  b - optional vector of right hand side, that will be adjusted by provided solution entries

   Level: intermediate

   Notes:
   This routine, along with `MatZeroRowsColumns()`, is typically used to eliminate known Dirichlet boundary conditions from a linear system.

   For each zeroed row, the value of the corresponding `b` is set to `diag` times the value of the corresponding `x`.

   If the resulting linear system is to be solved with `KSP` then one can (but does not have to) call `KSPSetInitialGuessNonzero()` to allow the
   Krylov method to take advantage of the known solution on the zeroed rows.

   May be followed by using a `PC` of type `PCREDISTRIBUTE` to solve the reduced problem (`PCDISTRIBUTE` completely eliminates the zeroed rows and their corresponding columns)
   from the matrix.

   Unlike `MatZeroRowsColumns()` for the `MATAIJ` and `MATBAIJ` matrix formats this removes the old nonzero structure, from the eliminated rows of the matrix
   but does not release memory.  Because of this removal matrix-vector products with the adjusted matrix will be a bit faster. For the dense and block diagonal
   formats this does not alter the nonzero structure.

   If the option `MatSetOption`(mat,`MAT_KEEP_NONZERO_PATTERN`,`PETSC_TRUE`) the nonzero structure
   of the matrix is not changed the values are
   merely zeroed.

   The user can set a value in the diagonal entry (or for the `MATAIJ` format
   formats can optionally remove the main diagonal entry from the
   nonzero structure as well, by passing 0.0 as the final argument).

   For the parallel case, all processes that share the matrix (i.e.,
   those in the communicator used for matrix creation) MUST call this
   routine, regardless of whether any rows being zeroed are owned by
   them.

   Each processor can indicate any rows in the entire matrix to be zeroed (i.e. each process does NOT have to
   list only rows local to itself).

   You can call `MatSetOption`(mat,`MAT_NO_OFF_PROC_ZERO_ROWS`,`PETSC_TRUE`) if each process indicates only rows it
   owns that are to be zeroed. This saves a global synchronization in the implementation.

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `MatZeroRowsIS()`, `MatZeroRowsColumns()`, `MatZeroRowsLocalIS()`, `MatZeroRowsStencil()`, `MatZeroEntries()`, `MatZeroRowsLocal()`, `MatSetOption()`,
          `MatZeroRowsColumnsLocal()`, `MatZeroRowsColumnsLocalIS()`, `MatZeroRowsColumnsIS()`, `MatZeroRowsColumnsStencil()`, `PCREDISTRIBUTE`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatZeroRows(Mat mat, PetscInt numRows, const PetscInt rows[], PetscScalar diag, Vec x, Vec b)
{
  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(mat, MAT_CLASSID, 1);
  PetscValidType(mat, 1);
  if (numRows) PetscValidIntPointer(rows, 3);
  PetscCheck(mat->assembled, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONGSTATE, "Not for unassembled matrix");
  PetscCheck(!mat->factortype, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONGSTATE, "Not for factored matrix");
  MatCheckPreallocated(mat, 1);

  PetscUseTypeMethod(mat, zerorows, numRows, rows, diag, x, b);
  PetscCall(MatViewFromOptions(mat, NULL, "-mat_view"));
  PetscCall(PetscObjectStateIncrease((PetscObject)mat));
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@
   MatZeroRowsIS - Zeros all entries (except possibly the main diagonal)
   of a set of rows of a matrix.

   Collective

   Input Parameters:
+  mat - the matrix
.  is - index set of rows to remove (if `NULL` then no row is removed)
.  diag - value put in all diagonals of eliminated rows
.  x - optional vector of solutions for zeroed rows (other entries in vector are not used)
-  b - optional vector of right hand side, that will be adjusted by provided solution

   Level: intermediate

   Note:
   See `MatZeroRows()` for details on how this routine operates.

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `MatZeroRows()`, `MatZeroRowsColumns()`, `MatZeroRowsLocalIS()`, `MatZeroRowsStencil()`, `MatZeroEntries()`, `MatZeroRowsLocal()`, `MatSetOption()`,
          `MatZeroRowsColumnsLocal()`, `MatZeroRowsColumnsLocalIS()`, `MatZeroRowsColumnsIS()`, `MatZeroRowsColumnsStencil()`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatZeroRowsIS(Mat mat, IS is, PetscScalar diag, Vec x, Vec b)
{
  PetscInt        numRows = 0;
  const PetscInt *rows    = NULL;

  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(mat, MAT_CLASSID, 1);
  PetscValidType(mat, 1);
  if (is) {
    PetscValidHeaderSpecific(is, IS_CLASSID, 2);
    PetscCall(ISGetLocalSize(is, &numRows));
    PetscCall(ISGetIndices(is, &rows));
  }
  PetscCall(MatZeroRows(mat, numRows, rows, diag, x, b));
  if (is) PetscCall(ISRestoreIndices(is, &rows));
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@
   MatZeroRowsStencil - Zeros all entries (except possibly the main diagonal)
   of a set of rows of a matrix. These rows must be local to the process.

   Collective

   Input Parameters:
+  mat - the matrix
.  numRows - the number of rows to remove
.  rows - the grid coordinates (and component number when dof > 1) for matrix rows
.  diag - value put in all diagonals of eliminated rows (0.0 will even eliminate diagonal entry)
.  x - optional vector of solutions for zeroed rows (other entries in vector are not used)
-  b - optional vector of right hand side, that will be adjusted by provided solution

   Level: intermediate

   Notes:
   See `MatZeroRows()` for details on how this routine operates.

   The grid coordinates are across the entire grid, not just the local portion

   For periodic boundary conditions use negative indices for values to the left (below 0; that are to be
   obtained by wrapping values from right edge). For values to the right of the last entry using that index plus one
   etc to obtain values that obtained by wrapping the values from the left edge. This does not work for anything but the
   `DM_BOUNDARY_PERIODIC` boundary type.

   For indices that don't mean anything for your case (like the k index when working in 2d) or the c index when you have
   a single value per point) you can skip filling those indices.

   Fortran Note:
   `idxm` and `idxn` should be declared as
$     MatStencil idxm(4,m)
   and the values inserted using
.vb
    idxm(MatStencil_i,1) = i
    idxm(MatStencil_j,1) = j
    idxm(MatStencil_k,1) = k
    idxm(MatStencil_c,1) = c
   etc
.ve

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `MatZeroRowsIS()`, `MatZeroRowsColumns()`, `MatZeroRowsLocalIS()`, `MatZeroRowsl()`, `MatZeroEntries()`, `MatZeroRowsLocal()`, `MatSetOption()`,
          `MatZeroRowsColumnsLocal()`, `MatZeroRowsColumnsLocalIS()`, `MatZeroRowsColumnsIS()`, `MatZeroRowsColumnsStencil()`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatZeroRowsStencil(Mat mat, PetscInt numRows, const MatStencil rows[], PetscScalar diag, Vec x, Vec b)
{
  PetscInt  dim    = mat->stencil.dim;
  PetscInt  sdim   = dim - (1 - (PetscInt)mat->stencil.noc);
  PetscInt *dims   = mat->stencil.dims + 1;
  PetscInt *starts = mat->stencil.starts;
  PetscInt *dxm    = (PetscInt *)rows;
  PetscInt *jdxm, i, j, tmp, numNewRows = 0;

  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(mat, MAT_CLASSID, 1);
  PetscValidType(mat, 1);
  if (numRows) PetscValidPointer(rows, 3);

  PetscCall(PetscMalloc1(numRows, &jdxm));
  for (i = 0; i < numRows; ++i) {
    /* Skip unused dimensions (they are ordered k, j, i, c) */
    for (j = 0; j < 3 - sdim; ++j) dxm++;
    /* Local index in X dir */
    tmp = *dxm++ - starts[0];
    /* Loop over remaining dimensions */
    for (j = 0; j < dim - 1; ++j) {
      /* If nonlocal, set index to be negative */
      if ((*dxm++ - starts[j + 1]) < 0 || tmp < 0) tmp = PETSC_MIN_INT;
      /* Update local index */
      else tmp = tmp * dims[j] + *(dxm - 1) - starts[j + 1];
    }
    /* Skip component slot if necessary */
    if (mat->stencil.noc) dxm++;
    /* Local row number */
    if (tmp >= 0) jdxm[numNewRows++] = tmp;
  }
  PetscCall(MatZeroRowsLocal(mat, numNewRows, jdxm, diag, x, b));
  PetscCall(PetscFree(jdxm));
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@
   MatZeroRowsColumnsStencil - Zeros all row and column entries (except possibly the main diagonal)
   of a set of rows and columns of a matrix.

   Collective

   Input Parameters:
+  mat - the matrix
.  numRows - the number of rows/columns to remove
.  rows - the grid coordinates (and component number when dof > 1) for matrix rows
.  diag - value put in all diagonals of eliminated rows (0.0 will even eliminate diagonal entry)
.  x - optional vector of solutions for zeroed rows (other entries in vector are not used)
-  b - optional vector of right hand side, that will be adjusted by provided solution

   Level: intermediate

   Notes:
   See `MatZeroRowsColumns()` for details on how this routine operates.

   The grid coordinates are across the entire grid, not just the local portion

   For periodic boundary conditions use negative indices for values to the left (below 0; that are to be
   obtained by wrapping values from right edge). For values to the right of the last entry using that index plus one
   etc to obtain values that obtained by wrapping the values from the left edge. This does not work for anything but the
   `DM_BOUNDARY_PERIODIC` boundary type.

   For indices that don't mean anything for your case (like the k index when working in 2d) or the c index when you have
   a single value per point) you can skip filling those indices.

   Fortran Note:
   `idxm` and `idxn` should be declared as
$     MatStencil idxm(4,m)
   and the values inserted using
.vb
    idxm(MatStencil_i,1) = i
    idxm(MatStencil_j,1) = j
    idxm(MatStencil_k,1) = k
    idxm(MatStencil_c,1) = c
    etc
.ve

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `MatZeroRowsIS()`, `MatZeroRowsColumns()`, `MatZeroRowsLocalIS()`, `MatZeroRowsStencil()`, `MatZeroEntries()`, `MatZeroRowsLocal()`, `MatSetOption()`,
          `MatZeroRowsColumnsLocal()`, `MatZeroRowsColumnsLocalIS()`, `MatZeroRowsColumnsIS()`, `MatZeroRows()`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatZeroRowsColumnsStencil(Mat mat, PetscInt numRows, const MatStencil rows[], PetscScalar diag, Vec x, Vec b)
{
  PetscInt  dim    = mat->stencil.dim;
  PetscInt  sdim   = dim - (1 - (PetscInt)mat->stencil.noc);
  PetscInt *dims   = mat->stencil.dims + 1;
  PetscInt *starts = mat->stencil.starts;
  PetscInt *dxm    = (PetscInt *)rows;
  PetscInt *jdxm, i, j, tmp, numNewRows = 0;

  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(mat, MAT_CLASSID, 1);
  PetscValidType(mat, 1);
  if (numRows) PetscValidPointer(rows, 3);

  PetscCall(PetscMalloc1(numRows, &jdxm));
  for (i = 0; i < numRows; ++i) {
    /* Skip unused dimensions (they are ordered k, j, i, c) */
    for (j = 0; j < 3 - sdim; ++j) dxm++;
    /* Local index in X dir */
    tmp = *dxm++ - starts[0];
    /* Loop over remaining dimensions */
    for (j = 0; j < dim - 1; ++j) {
      /* If nonlocal, set index to be negative */
      if ((*dxm++ - starts[j + 1]) < 0 || tmp < 0) tmp = PETSC_MIN_INT;
      /* Update local index */
      else tmp = tmp * dims[j] + *(dxm - 1) - starts[j + 1];
    }
    /* Skip component slot if necessary */
    if (mat->stencil.noc) dxm++;
    /* Local row number */
    if (tmp >= 0) jdxm[numNewRows++] = tmp;
  }
  PetscCall(MatZeroRowsColumnsLocal(mat, numNewRows, jdxm, diag, x, b));
  PetscCall(PetscFree(jdxm));
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@C
   MatZeroRowsLocal - Zeros all entries (except possibly the main diagonal)
   of a set of rows of a matrix; using local numbering of rows.

   Collective

   Input Parameters:
+  mat - the matrix
.  numRows - the number of rows to remove
.  rows - the local row indices
.  diag - value put in all diagonals of eliminated rows
.  x - optional vector of solutions for zeroed rows (other entries in vector are not used)
-  b - optional vector of right hand side, that will be adjusted by provided solution

   Level: intermediate

   Notes:
   Before calling `MatZeroRowsLocal()`, the user must first set the
   local-to-global mapping by calling MatSetLocalToGlobalMapping(), this is often already set for matrices obtained with `DMCreateMatrix()`.

   See `MatZeroRows()` for details on how this routine operates.

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `MatZeroRowsIS()`, `MatZeroRowsColumns()`, `MatZeroRowsLocalIS()`, `MatZeroRowsStencil()`, `MatZeroEntries()`, `MatZeroRows()`, `MatSetOption()`,
          `MatZeroRowsColumnsLocal()`, `MatZeroRowsColumnsLocalIS()`, `MatZeroRowsColumnsIS()`, `MatZeroRowsColumnsStencil()`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatZeroRowsLocal(Mat mat, PetscInt numRows, const PetscInt rows[], PetscScalar diag, Vec x, Vec b)
{
  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(mat, MAT_CLASSID, 1);
  PetscValidType(mat, 1);
  if (numRows) PetscValidIntPointer(rows, 3);
  PetscCheck(mat->assembled, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONGSTATE, "Not for unassembled matrix");
  PetscCheck(!mat->factortype, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONGSTATE, "Not for factored matrix");
  MatCheckPreallocated(mat, 1);

  if (mat->ops->zerorowslocal) {
    PetscUseTypeMethod(mat, zerorowslocal, numRows, rows, diag, x, b);
  } else {
    IS              is, newis;
    const PetscInt *newRows;

    PetscCheck(mat->rmap->mapping, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONGSTATE, "Need to provide local to global mapping to matrix first");
    PetscCall(ISCreateGeneral(PETSC_COMM_SELF, numRows, rows, PETSC_COPY_VALUES, &is));
    PetscCall(ISLocalToGlobalMappingApplyIS(mat->rmap->mapping, is, &newis));
    PetscCall(ISGetIndices(newis, &newRows));
    PetscUseTypeMethod(mat, zerorows, numRows, newRows, diag, x, b);
    PetscCall(ISRestoreIndices(newis, &newRows));
    PetscCall(ISDestroy(&newis));
    PetscCall(ISDestroy(&is));
  }
  PetscCall(PetscObjectStateIncrease((PetscObject)mat));
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@
   MatZeroRowsLocalIS - Zeros all entries (except possibly the main diagonal)
   of a set of rows of a matrix; using local numbering of rows.

   Collective

   Input Parameters:
+  mat - the matrix
.  is - index set of rows to remove
.  diag - value put in all diagonals of eliminated rows
.  x - optional vector of solutions for zeroed rows (other entries in vector are not used)
-  b - optional vector of right hand side, that will be adjusted by provided solution

   Level: intermediate

   Notes:
   Before calling `MatZeroRowsLocalIS()`, the user must first set the
   local-to-global mapping by calling `MatSetLocalToGlobalMapping()`, this is often already set for matrices obtained with `DMCreateMatrix()`.

   See `MatZeroRows()` for details on how this routine operates.

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `MatZeroRowsIS()`, `MatZeroRowsColumns()`, `MatZeroRows()`, `MatZeroRowsStencil()`, `MatZeroEntries()`, `MatZeroRowsLocal()`, `MatSetOption()`,
          `MatZeroRowsColumnsLocal()`, `MatZeroRowsColumnsLocalIS()`, `MatZeroRowsColumnsIS()`, `MatZeroRowsColumnsStencil()`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatZeroRowsLocalIS(Mat mat, IS is, PetscScalar diag, Vec x, Vec b)
{
  PetscInt        numRows;
  const PetscInt *rows;

  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(mat, MAT_CLASSID, 1);
  PetscValidType(mat, 1);
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(is, IS_CLASSID, 2);
  PetscCheck(mat->assembled, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONGSTATE, "Not for unassembled matrix");
  PetscCheck(!mat->factortype, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONGSTATE, "Not for factored matrix");
  MatCheckPreallocated(mat, 1);

  PetscCall(ISGetLocalSize(is, &numRows));
  PetscCall(ISGetIndices(is, &rows));
  PetscCall(MatZeroRowsLocal(mat, numRows, rows, diag, x, b));
  PetscCall(ISRestoreIndices(is, &rows));
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@
   MatZeroRowsColumnsLocal - Zeros all entries (except possibly the main diagonal)
   of a set of rows and columns of a matrix; using local numbering of rows.

   Collective

   Input Parameters:
+  mat - the matrix
.  numRows - the number of rows to remove
.  rows - the global row indices
.  diag - value put in all diagonals of eliminated rows
.  x - optional vector of solutions for zeroed rows (other entries in vector are not used)
-  b - optional vector of right hand side, that will be adjusted by provided solution

   Level: intermediate

   Notes:
   Before calling `MatZeroRowsColumnsLocal()`, the user must first set the
   local-to-global mapping by calling `MatSetLocalToGlobalMapping()`, this is often already set for matrices obtained with `DMCreateMatrix()`.

   See `MatZeroRowsColumns()` for details on how this routine operates.

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `MatZeroRowsIS()`, `MatZeroRowsColumns()`, `MatZeroRowsLocalIS()`, `MatZeroRowsStencil()`, `MatZeroEntries()`, `MatZeroRowsLocal()`, `MatSetOption()`,
          `MatZeroRows()`, `MatZeroRowsColumnsLocalIS()`, `MatZeroRowsColumnsIS()`, `MatZeroRowsColumnsStencil()`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatZeroRowsColumnsLocal(Mat mat, PetscInt numRows, const PetscInt rows[], PetscScalar diag, Vec x, Vec b)
{
  IS              is, newis;
  const PetscInt *newRows;

  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(mat, MAT_CLASSID, 1);
  PetscValidType(mat, 1);
  if (numRows) PetscValidIntPointer(rows, 3);
  PetscCheck(mat->assembled, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONGSTATE, "Not for unassembled matrix");
  PetscCheck(!mat->factortype, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONGSTATE, "Not for factored matrix");
  MatCheckPreallocated(mat, 1);

  PetscCheck(mat->cmap->mapping, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONGSTATE, "Need to provide local to global mapping to matrix first");
  PetscCall(ISCreateGeneral(PETSC_COMM_SELF, numRows, rows, PETSC_COPY_VALUES, &is));
  PetscCall(ISLocalToGlobalMappingApplyIS(mat->cmap->mapping, is, &newis));
  PetscCall(ISGetIndices(newis, &newRows));
  PetscUseTypeMethod(mat, zerorowscolumns, numRows, newRows, diag, x, b);
  PetscCall(ISRestoreIndices(newis, &newRows));
  PetscCall(ISDestroy(&newis));
  PetscCall(ISDestroy(&is));
  PetscCall(PetscObjectStateIncrease((PetscObject)mat));
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@
   MatZeroRowsColumnsLocalIS - Zeros all entries (except possibly the main diagonal)
   of a set of rows and columns of a matrix; using local numbering of rows.

   Collective

   Input Parameters:
+  mat - the matrix
.  is - index set of rows to remove
.  diag - value put in all diagonals of eliminated rows
.  x - optional vector of solutions for zeroed rows (other entries in vector are not used)
-  b - optional vector of right hand side, that will be adjusted by provided solution

   Level: intermediate

   Notes:
   Before calling `MatZeroRowsColumnsLocalIS()`, the user must first set the
   local-to-global mapping by calling `MatSetLocalToGlobalMapping()`, this is often already set for matrices obtained with `DMCreateMatrix()`.

   See `MatZeroRowsColumns()` for details on how this routine operates.

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `MatZeroRowsIS()`, `MatZeroRowsColumns()`, `MatZeroRowsLocalIS()`, `MatZeroRowsStencil()`, `MatZeroEntries()`, `MatZeroRowsLocal()`, `MatSetOption()`,
          `MatZeroRowsColumnsLocal()`, `MatZeroRows()`, `MatZeroRowsColumnsIS()`, `MatZeroRowsColumnsStencil()`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatZeroRowsColumnsLocalIS(Mat mat, IS is, PetscScalar diag, Vec x, Vec b)
{
  PetscInt        numRows;
  const PetscInt *rows;

  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(mat, MAT_CLASSID, 1);
  PetscValidType(mat, 1);
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(is, IS_CLASSID, 2);
  PetscCheck(mat->assembled, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONGSTATE, "Not for unassembled matrix");
  PetscCheck(!mat->factortype, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONGSTATE, "Not for factored matrix");
  MatCheckPreallocated(mat, 1);

  PetscCall(ISGetLocalSize(is, &numRows));
  PetscCall(ISGetIndices(is, &rows));
  PetscCall(MatZeroRowsColumnsLocal(mat, numRows, rows, diag, x, b));
  PetscCall(ISRestoreIndices(is, &rows));
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@C
   MatGetSize - Returns the numbers of rows and columns in a matrix.

   Not Collective

   Input Parameter:
.  mat - the matrix

   Level: beginner

   Output Parameters:
+  m - the number of global rows
-  n - the number of global columns

   Note:
   Both output parameters can be `NULL` on input.

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `MatSetSizes()`, `MatGetLocalSize()`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatGetSize(Mat mat, PetscInt *m, PetscInt *n)
{
  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(mat, MAT_CLASSID, 1);
  if (m) *m = mat->rmap->N;
  if (n) *n = mat->cmap->N;
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@C
   MatGetLocalSize - For most matrix formats, excluding `MATELEMENTAL` and `MATSCALAPACK`, Returns the number of local rows and local columns
   of a matrix. For all matrices this is the local size of the left and right vectors as returned by `MatCreateVecs()`.

   Not Collective

   Input Parameter:
.  mat - the matrix

   Output Parameters:
+  m - the number of local rows, use `NULL` to not obtain this value
-  n - the number of local columns, use `NULL` to not obtain this value

   Level: beginner

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `MatSetSizes()`, `MatGetSize()`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatGetLocalSize(Mat mat, PetscInt *m, PetscInt *n)
{
  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(mat, MAT_CLASSID, 1);
  if (m) PetscValidIntPointer(m, 2);
  if (n) PetscValidIntPointer(n, 3);
  if (m) *m = mat->rmap->n;
  if (n) *n = mat->cmap->n;
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@C
   MatGetOwnershipRangeColumn - Returns the range of matrix columns associated with rows of a vector one multiplies this matrix by that are owned by
   this processor. (The columns of the "diagonal block" for most sparse matrix formats). See :any:`<sec_matlayout>` for details on matrix layouts.

   Not Collective, unless matrix has not been allocated, then collective

   Input Parameter:
.  mat - the matrix

   Output Parameters:
+  m - the global index of the first local column, use `NULL` to not obtain this value
-  n - one more than the global index of the last local column, use `NULL` to not obtain this value

   Level: developer

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `MatGetOwnershipRange()`, `MatGetOwnershipRanges()`, `MatGetOwnershipRangesColumn()`, `PetscLayout`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatGetOwnershipRangeColumn(Mat mat, PetscInt *m, PetscInt *n)
{
  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(mat, MAT_CLASSID, 1);
  PetscValidType(mat, 1);
  if (m) PetscValidIntPointer(m, 2);
  if (n) PetscValidIntPointer(n, 3);
  MatCheckPreallocated(mat, 1);
  if (m) *m = mat->cmap->rstart;
  if (n) *n = mat->cmap->rend;
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@C
   MatGetOwnershipRange - For matrices that own values by row, excludes `MATELEMENTAL` and `MATSCALAPACK`, returns the range of matrix rows owned by
   this MPI rank. For all matrices  it returns the range of matrix rows associated with rows of a vector that would contain the result of a matrix
   vector product with this matrix. See :any:`<sec_matlayout>` for details on matrix layouts

   Not Collective

   Input Parameter:
.  mat - the matrix

   Output Parameters:
+  m - the global index of the first local row, use `NULL` to not obtain this value
-  n - one more than the global index of the last local row, use `NULL` to not obtain this value

   Level: beginner

   Note:
  This function requires that the matrix be preallocated. If you have not preallocated, consider using
  `PetscSplitOwnership`(`MPI_Comm` comm, `PetscInt` *n, `PetscInt` *N)
  and then `MPI_Scan()` to calculate prefix sums of the local sizes.

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `MatGetOwnershipRanges()`, `MatGetOwnershipRangeColumn()`, `MatGetOwnershipRangesColumn()`, `PetscSplitOwnership()`, `PetscSplitOwnershipBlock()`,
          `PetscLayout`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatGetOwnershipRange(Mat mat, PetscInt *m, PetscInt *n)
{
  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(mat, MAT_CLASSID, 1);
  PetscValidType(mat, 1);
  if (m) PetscValidIntPointer(m, 2);
  if (n) PetscValidIntPointer(n, 3);
  MatCheckPreallocated(mat, 1);
  if (m) *m = mat->rmap->rstart;
  if (n) *n = mat->rmap->rend;
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@C
   MatGetOwnershipRanges - For matrices that own values by row, excludes `MATELEMENTAL` and `MATSCALAPACK`, returns the range of matrix rows owned by
   each process. For all matrices  it returns the ranges of matrix rows associated with rows of a vector that would contain the result of a matrix
   vector product with this matrix. See :any:`<sec_matlayout>` for details on matrix layouts

   Not Collective, unless matrix has not been allocated

   Input Parameters:
.  mat - the matrix

   Output Parameters:
.  ranges - start of each processors portion plus one more than the total length at the end

   Level: beginner

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `MatGetOwnershipRange()`, `MatGetOwnershipRangeColumn()`, `MatGetOwnershipRangesColumn()`, `PetscLayout`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatGetOwnershipRanges(Mat mat, const PetscInt **ranges)
{
  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(mat, MAT_CLASSID, 1);
  PetscValidType(mat, 1);
  MatCheckPreallocated(mat, 1);
  PetscCall(PetscLayoutGetRanges(mat->rmap, ranges));
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@C
   MatGetOwnershipRangesColumn - Returns the ranges of matrix columns associated with rows of a vector one multiplies this vector by that are owned by
   each processor. (The columns of the "diagonal blocks", for most sparse matrix formats). See :any:`<sec_matlayout>` for details on matrix layouts.

   Not Collective, unless matrix has not been allocated

   Input Parameters:
.  mat - the matrix

   Output Parameters:
.  ranges - start of each processors portion plus one more then the total length at the end

   Level: beginner

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `MatGetOwnershipRange()`, `MatGetOwnershipRangeColumn()`, `MatGetOwnershipRanges()`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatGetOwnershipRangesColumn(Mat mat, const PetscInt **ranges)
{
  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(mat, MAT_CLASSID, 1);
  PetscValidType(mat, 1);
  MatCheckPreallocated(mat, 1);
  PetscCall(PetscLayoutGetRanges(mat->cmap, ranges));
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@C
   MatGetOwnershipIS - Get row and column ownership of a matrices' values as index sets. For most matrices, excluding `MATELEMENTAL` and `MATSCALAPACK`, this
   corresponds to values returned by `MatGetOwnershipRange()`, `MatGetOwnershipRangeColumn()`. For `MATELEMENTAL` and `MATSCALAPACK` the ownership
   is more complicated. See :any:`<sec_matlayout>` for details on matrix layouts.

   Not Collective

   Input Parameter:
.  A - matrix

   Output Parameters:
+  rows - rows in which this process owns elements, , use `NULL` to not obtain this value
-  cols - columns in which this process owns elements, use `NULL` to not obtain this value

   Level: intermediate

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `MatGetOwnershipRange()`, `MatGetOwnershipRangeColumn()`, `MatSetValues()`, ``MATELEMENTAL``, ``MATSCALAPACK``
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatGetOwnershipIS(Mat A, IS *rows, IS *cols)
{
  PetscErrorCode (*f)(Mat, IS *, IS *);

  PetscFunctionBegin;
  MatCheckPreallocated(A, 1);
  PetscCall(PetscObjectQueryFunction((PetscObject)A, "MatGetOwnershipIS_C", &f));
  if (f) {
    PetscCall((*f)(A, rows, cols));
  } else { /* Create a standard row-based partition, each process is responsible for ALL columns in their row block */
    if (rows) PetscCall(ISCreateStride(PETSC_COMM_SELF, A->rmap->n, A->rmap->rstart, 1, rows));
    if (cols) PetscCall(ISCreateStride(PETSC_COMM_SELF, A->cmap->N, 0, 1, cols));
  }
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@C
   MatILUFactorSymbolic - Performs symbolic ILU factorization of a matrix obtained with `MatGetFactor()`
   Uses levels of fill only, not drop tolerance. Use `MatLUFactorNumeric()`
   to complete the factorization.

   Collective

   Input Parameters:
+  fact - the factorized matrix obtained with `MatGetFactor()`
.  mat - the matrix
.  row - row permutation
.  column - column permutation
-  info - structure containing
.vb
      levels - number of levels of fill.
      expected fill - as ratio of original fill.
      1 or 0 - indicating force fill on diagonal (improves robustness for matrices
                missing diagonal entries)
.ve

   Output Parameters:
.  fact - new matrix that has been symbolically factored

   Level: developer

   Notes:
   See [Matrix Factorization](sec_matfactor) for additional information.

   Most users should employ the `KSP` interface for linear solvers
   instead of working directly with matrix algebra routines such as this.
   See, e.g., `KSPCreate()`.

   Uses the definition of level of fill as in Y. Saad, 2003

   Developer Note:
   The Fortran interface is not autogenerated as the
   interface definition cannot be generated correctly [due to `MatFactorInfo`]

   References:
.  * - Y. Saad, Iterative methods for sparse linear systems Philadelphia: Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, 2003

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, [Matrix Factorization](sec_matfactor), `MatGetFactor()`, `MatLUFactorSymbolic()`, `MatLUFactorNumeric()`, `MatCholeskyFactor()`
          `MatGetOrdering()`, `MatFactorInfo`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatILUFactorSymbolic(Mat fact, Mat mat, IS row, IS col, const MatFactorInfo *info)
{
  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(mat, MAT_CLASSID, 2);
  PetscValidType(mat, 2);
  if (row) PetscValidHeaderSpecific(row, IS_CLASSID, 3);
  if (col) PetscValidHeaderSpecific(col, IS_CLASSID, 4);
  PetscValidPointer(info, 5);
  PetscValidPointer(fact, 1);
  PetscCheck(info->levels >= 0, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_ARG_OUTOFRANGE, "Levels of fill negative %" PetscInt_FMT, (PetscInt)info->levels);
  PetscCheck(info->fill >= 1.0, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_ARG_OUTOFRANGE, "Expected fill less than 1.0 %g", (double)info->fill);
  if (!fact->ops->ilufactorsymbolic) {
    MatSolverType stype;
    PetscCall(MatFactorGetSolverType(fact, &stype));
    SETERRQ(PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_SUP, "Matrix type %s symbolic ILU using solver type %s", ((PetscObject)mat)->type_name, stype);
  }
  PetscCheck(mat->assembled, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONGSTATE, "Not for unassembled matrix");
  PetscCheck(!mat->factortype, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONGSTATE, "Not for factored matrix");
  MatCheckPreallocated(mat, 2);

  if (!fact->trivialsymbolic) PetscCall(PetscLogEventBegin(MAT_ILUFactorSymbolic, mat, row, col, 0));
  PetscCall((fact->ops->ilufactorsymbolic)(fact, mat, row, col, info));
  if (!fact->trivialsymbolic) PetscCall(PetscLogEventEnd(MAT_ILUFactorSymbolic, mat, row, col, 0));
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@C
   MatICCFactorSymbolic - Performs symbolic incomplete
   Cholesky factorization for a symmetric matrix.  Use
   `MatCholeskyFactorNumeric()` to complete the factorization.

   Collective

   Input Parameters:
+  fact - the factorized matrix obtained with `MatGetFactor()`
.  mat - the matrix to be factored
.  perm - row and column permutation
-  info - structure containing
.vb
      levels - number of levels of fill.
      expected fill - as ratio of original fill.
.ve

   Output Parameter:
.  fact - the factored matrix

   Level: developer

   Notes:
   Most users should employ the `KSP` interface for linear solvers
   instead of working directly with matrix algebra routines such as this.
   See, e.g., `KSPCreate()`.

   This uses the definition of level of fill as in Y. Saad, 2003

   Developer Note:
   The Fortran interface is not autogenerated as the
   interface definition cannot be generated correctly [due to `MatFactorInfo`]

   References:
.  * - Y. Saad, Iterative methods for sparse linear systems Philadelphia: Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, 2003

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `MatGetFactor()`, `MatCholeskyFactorNumeric()`, `MatCholeskyFactor()`, `MatFactorInfo`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatICCFactorSymbolic(Mat fact, Mat mat, IS perm, const MatFactorInfo *info)
{
  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(mat, MAT_CLASSID, 2);
  PetscValidType(mat, 2);
  if (perm) PetscValidHeaderSpecific(perm, IS_CLASSID, 3);
  PetscValidPointer(info, 4);
  PetscValidPointer(fact, 1);
  PetscCheck(!mat->factortype, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONGSTATE, "Not for factored matrix");
  PetscCheck(info->levels >= 0, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_ARG_OUTOFRANGE, "Levels negative %" PetscInt_FMT, (PetscInt)info->levels);
  PetscCheck(info->fill >= 1.0, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_ARG_OUTOFRANGE, "Expected fill less than 1.0 %g", (double)info->fill);
  if (!(fact)->ops->iccfactorsymbolic) {
    MatSolverType stype;
    PetscCall(MatFactorGetSolverType(fact, &stype));
    SETERRQ(PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_SUP, "Matrix type %s symbolic ICC using solver type %s", ((PetscObject)mat)->type_name, stype);
  }
  PetscCheck(mat->assembled, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONGSTATE, "Not for unassembled matrix");
  MatCheckPreallocated(mat, 2);

  if (!fact->trivialsymbolic) PetscCall(PetscLogEventBegin(MAT_ICCFactorSymbolic, mat, perm, 0, 0));
  PetscCall((fact->ops->iccfactorsymbolic)(fact, mat, perm, info));
  if (!fact->trivialsymbolic) PetscCall(PetscLogEventEnd(MAT_ICCFactorSymbolic, mat, perm, 0, 0));
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@C
   MatCreateSubMatrices - Extracts several submatrices from a matrix. If submat
   points to an array of valid matrices, they may be reused to store the new
   submatrices.

   Collective

   Input Parameters:
+  mat - the matrix
.  n   - the number of submatrixes to be extracted (on this processor, may be zero)
.  irow, icol - index sets of rows and columns to extract
-  scall - either `MAT_INITIAL_MATRIX` or `MAT_REUSE_MATRIX`

   Output Parameter:
.  submat - the array of submatrices

   Level: advanced

   Notes:
   `MatCreateSubMatrices()` can extract ONLY sequential submatrices
   (from both sequential and parallel matrices). Use `MatCreateSubMatrix()`
   to extract a parallel submatrix.

   Some matrix types place restrictions on the row and column
   indices, such as that they be sorted or that they be equal to each other.

   The index sets may not have duplicate entries.

   When extracting submatrices from a parallel matrix, each processor can
   form a different submatrix by setting the rows and columns of its
   individual index sets according to the local submatrix desired.

   When finished using the submatrices, the user should destroy
   them with `MatDestroySubMatrices()`.

   `MAT_REUSE_MATRIX` can only be used when the nonzero structure of the
   original matrix has not changed from that last call to `MatCreateSubMatrices()`.

   This routine creates the matrices in submat; you should NOT create them before
   calling it. It also allocates the array of matrix pointers submat.

   For `MATBAIJ` matrices the index sets must respect the block structure, that is if they
   request one row/column in a block, they must request all rows/columns that are in
   that block. For example, if the block size is 2 you cannot request just row 0 and
   column 0.

   Fortran Note:
   The Fortran interface is slightly different from that given below; it
   requires one to pass in as `submat` a `Mat` (integer) array of size at least n+1.

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `MatDestroySubMatrices()`, `MatCreateSubMatrix()`, `MatGetRow()`, `MatGetDiagonal()`, `MatReuse`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatCreateSubMatrices(Mat mat, PetscInt n, const IS irow[], const IS icol[], MatReuse scall, Mat *submat[])
{
  PetscInt  i;
  PetscBool eq;

  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(mat, MAT_CLASSID, 1);
  PetscValidType(mat, 1);
  if (n) {
    PetscValidPointer(irow, 3);
    for (i = 0; i < n; i++) PetscValidHeaderSpecific(irow[i], IS_CLASSID, 3);
    PetscValidPointer(icol, 4);
    for (i = 0; i < n; i++) PetscValidHeaderSpecific(icol[i], IS_CLASSID, 4);
  }
  PetscValidPointer(submat, 6);
  if (n && scall == MAT_REUSE_MATRIX) {
    PetscValidPointer(*submat, 6);
    for (i = 0; i < n; i++) PetscValidHeaderSpecific((*submat)[i], MAT_CLASSID, 6);
  }
  PetscCheck(mat->assembled, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONGSTATE, "Not for unassembled matrix");
  PetscCheck(!mat->factortype, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONGSTATE, "Not for factored matrix");
  MatCheckPreallocated(mat, 1);
  PetscCall(PetscLogEventBegin(MAT_CreateSubMats, mat, 0, 0, 0));
  PetscUseTypeMethod(mat, createsubmatrices, n, irow, icol, scall, submat);
  PetscCall(PetscLogEventEnd(MAT_CreateSubMats, mat, 0, 0, 0));
  for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
    (*submat)[i]->factortype = MAT_FACTOR_NONE; /* in case in place factorization was previously done on submatrix */
    PetscCall(ISEqualUnsorted(irow[i], icol[i], &eq));
    if (eq) PetscCall(MatPropagateSymmetryOptions(mat, (*submat)[i]));
#if defined(PETSC_HAVE_VIENNACL) || defined(PETSC_HAVE_CUDA) || defined(PETSC_HAVE_HIP)
    if (mat->boundtocpu && mat->bindingpropagates) {
      PetscCall(MatBindToCPU((*submat)[i], PETSC_TRUE));
      PetscCall(MatSetBindingPropagates((*submat)[i], PETSC_TRUE));
    }
#endif
  }
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@C
   MatCreateSubMatricesMPI - Extracts MPI submatrices across a sub communicator of mat (by pairs of `IS` that may live on subcomms).

   Collective

   Input Parameters:
+  mat - the matrix
.  n   - the number of submatrixes to be extracted
.  irow, icol - index sets of rows and columns to extract
-  scall - either `MAT_INITIAL_MATRIX` or `MAT_REUSE_MATRIX`

   Output Parameter:
.  submat - the array of submatrices

   Level: advanced

   Note:
   This is used by `PCGASM`

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `PCGASM`, `MatCreateSubMatrices()`, `MatCreateSubMatrix()`, `MatGetRow()`, `MatGetDiagonal()`, `MatReuse`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatCreateSubMatricesMPI(Mat mat, PetscInt n, const IS irow[], const IS icol[], MatReuse scall, Mat *submat[])
{
  PetscInt  i;
  PetscBool eq;

  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(mat, MAT_CLASSID, 1);
  PetscValidType(mat, 1);
  if (n) {
    PetscValidPointer(irow, 3);
    PetscValidHeaderSpecific(*irow, IS_CLASSID, 3);
    PetscValidPointer(icol, 4);
    PetscValidHeaderSpecific(*icol, IS_CLASSID, 4);
  }
  PetscValidPointer(submat, 6);
  if (n && scall == MAT_REUSE_MATRIX) {
    PetscValidPointer(*submat, 6);
    PetscValidHeaderSpecific(**submat, MAT_CLASSID, 6);
  }
  PetscCheck(mat->assembled, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONGSTATE, "Not for unassembled matrix");
  PetscCheck(!mat->factortype, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONGSTATE, "Not for factored matrix");
  MatCheckPreallocated(mat, 1);

  PetscCall(PetscLogEventBegin(MAT_CreateSubMats, mat, 0, 0, 0));
  PetscUseTypeMethod(mat, createsubmatricesmpi, n, irow, icol, scall, submat);
  PetscCall(PetscLogEventEnd(MAT_CreateSubMats, mat, 0, 0, 0));
  for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
    PetscCall(ISEqualUnsorted(irow[i], icol[i], &eq));
    if (eq) PetscCall(MatPropagateSymmetryOptions(mat, (*submat)[i]));
  }
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@C
   MatDestroyMatrices - Destroys an array of matrices.

   Collective

   Input Parameters:
+  n - the number of local matrices
-  mat - the matrices (this is a pointer to the array of matrices)

   Level: advanced

    Note:
    Frees not only the matrices, but also the array that contains the matrices

    Fortran Note:
    This does not free the array.

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `MatCreateSubMatrices()` `MatDestroySubMatrices()`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatDestroyMatrices(PetscInt n, Mat *mat[])
{
  PetscInt i;

  PetscFunctionBegin;
  if (!*mat) PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
  PetscCheck(n >= 0, PETSC_COMM_SELF, PETSC_ERR_ARG_OUTOFRANGE, "Trying to destroy negative number of matrices %" PetscInt_FMT, n);
  PetscValidPointer(mat, 2);

  for (i = 0; i < n; i++) PetscCall(MatDestroy(&(*mat)[i]));

  /* memory is allocated even if n = 0 */
  PetscCall(PetscFree(*mat));
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@C
   MatDestroySubMatrices - Destroys a set of matrices obtained with `MatCreateSubMatrices()`.

   Collective

   Input Parameters:
+  n - the number of local matrices
-  mat - the matrices (this is a pointer to the array of matrices, just to match the calling
                       sequence of `MatCreateSubMatrices()`)

   Level: advanced

    Note:
    Frees not only the matrices, but also the array that contains the matrices

    Fortran Note:
    This does not free the array.

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `MatCreateSubMatrices()`, `MatDestroyMatrices()`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatDestroySubMatrices(PetscInt n, Mat *mat[])
{
  Mat mat0;

  PetscFunctionBegin;
  if (!*mat) PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
  /* mat[] is an array of length n+1, see MatCreateSubMatrices_xxx() */
  PetscCheck(n >= 0, PETSC_COMM_SELF, PETSC_ERR_ARG_OUTOFRANGE, "Trying to destroy negative number of matrices %" PetscInt_FMT, n);
  PetscValidPointer(mat, 2);

  mat0 = (*mat)[0];
  if (mat0 && mat0->ops->destroysubmatrices) {
    PetscCall((mat0->ops->destroysubmatrices)(n, mat));
  } else {
    PetscCall(MatDestroyMatrices(n, mat));
  }
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@C
   MatGetSeqNonzeroStructure - Extracts the nonzero structure from a matrix and stores it, in its entirety, on each process

   Collective

   Input Parameters:
.  mat - the matrix

   Output Parameter:
.  matstruct - the sequential matrix with the nonzero structure of mat

  Level: developer

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `MatDestroySeqNonzeroStructure()`, `MatCreateSubMatrices()`, `MatDestroyMatrices()`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatGetSeqNonzeroStructure(Mat mat, Mat *matstruct)
{
  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(mat, MAT_CLASSID, 1);
  PetscValidPointer(matstruct, 2);

  PetscValidType(mat, 1);
  PetscCheck(!mat->factortype, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONGSTATE, "Not for factored matrix");
  MatCheckPreallocated(mat, 1);

  PetscCall(PetscLogEventBegin(MAT_GetSeqNonzeroStructure, mat, 0, 0, 0));
  PetscUseTypeMethod(mat, getseqnonzerostructure, matstruct);
  PetscCall(PetscLogEventEnd(MAT_GetSeqNonzeroStructure, mat, 0, 0, 0));
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@C
   MatDestroySeqNonzeroStructure - Destroys matrix obtained with `MatGetSeqNonzeroStructure()`.

   Collective

   Input Parameters:
.  mat - the matrix (this is a pointer to the array of matrices, just to match the calling
                       sequence of `MatGetSequentialNonzeroStructure()`)

   Level: advanced

    Note:
    Frees not only the matrices, but also the array that contains the matrices

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `MatGetSeqNonzeroStructure()`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatDestroySeqNonzeroStructure(Mat *mat)
{
  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidPointer(mat, 1);
  PetscCall(MatDestroy(mat));
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@
   MatIncreaseOverlap - Given a set of submatrices indicated by index sets,
   replaces the index sets by larger ones that represent submatrices with
   additional overlap.

   Collective

   Input Parameters:
+  mat - the matrix
.  n   - the number of index sets
.  is  - the array of index sets (these index sets will changed during the call)
-  ov  - the additional overlap requested

   Options Database Key:
.  -mat_increase_overlap_scalable - use a scalable algorithm to compute the overlap (supported by MPIAIJ matrix)

   Level: developer

   Note:
   The computed overlap preserves the matrix block sizes when the blocks are square.
   That is: if a matrix nonzero for a given block would increase the overlap all columns associated with
   that block are included in the overlap regardless of whether each specific column would increase the overlap.

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `PCASM`, `MatSetBlockSize()`, `MatIncreaseOverlapSplit()`, `MatCreateSubMatrices()`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatIncreaseOverlap(Mat mat, PetscInt n, IS is[], PetscInt ov)
{
  PetscInt i, bs, cbs;

  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(mat, MAT_CLASSID, 1);
  PetscValidType(mat, 1);
  PetscValidLogicalCollectiveInt(mat, n, 2);
  PetscCheck(n >= 0, PETSC_COMM_SELF, PETSC_ERR_ARG_OUTOFRANGE, "Must have one or more domains, you have %" PetscInt_FMT, n);
  if (n) {
    PetscValidPointer(is, 3);
    for (i = 0; i < n; i++) PetscValidHeaderSpecific(is[i], IS_CLASSID, 3);
  }
  PetscCheck(mat->assembled, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONGSTATE, "Not for unassembled matrix");
  PetscCheck(!mat->factortype, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONGSTATE, "Not for factored matrix");
  MatCheckPreallocated(mat, 1);

  if (!ov || !n) PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
  PetscCall(PetscLogEventBegin(MAT_IncreaseOverlap, mat, 0, 0, 0));
  PetscUseTypeMethod(mat, increaseoverlap, n, is, ov);
  PetscCall(PetscLogEventEnd(MAT_IncreaseOverlap, mat, 0, 0, 0));
  PetscCall(MatGetBlockSizes(mat, &bs, &cbs));
  if (bs == cbs) {
    for (i = 0; i < n; i++) PetscCall(ISSetBlockSize(is[i], bs));
  }
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

PetscErrorCode MatIncreaseOverlapSplit_Single(Mat, IS *, PetscInt);

/*@
   MatIncreaseOverlapSplit - Given a set of submatrices indicated by index sets across
   a sub communicator, replaces the index sets by larger ones that represent submatrices with
   additional overlap.

   Collective

   Input Parameters:
+  mat - the matrix
.  n   - the number of index sets
.  is  - the array of index sets (these index sets will changed during the call)
-  ov  - the additional overlap requested

`   Options Database Key:
.  -mat_increase_overlap_scalable - use a scalable algorithm to compute the overlap (supported by MPIAIJ matrix)

   Level: developer

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `MatCreateSubMatrices()`, `MatIncreaseOverlap()`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatIncreaseOverlapSplit(Mat mat, PetscInt n, IS is[], PetscInt ov)
{
  PetscInt i;

  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(mat, MAT_CLASSID, 1);
  PetscValidType(mat, 1);
  PetscCheck(n >= 0, PETSC_COMM_SELF, PETSC_ERR_ARG_OUTOFRANGE, "Must have one or more domains, you have %" PetscInt_FMT, n);
  if (n) {
    PetscValidPointer(is, 3);
    PetscValidHeaderSpecific(*is, IS_CLASSID, 3);
  }
  PetscCheck(mat->assembled, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONGSTATE, "Not for unassembled matrix");
  PetscCheck(!mat->factortype, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONGSTATE, "Not for factored matrix");
  MatCheckPreallocated(mat, 1);
  if (!ov) PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
  PetscCall(PetscLogEventBegin(MAT_IncreaseOverlap, mat, 0, 0, 0));
  for (i = 0; i < n; i++) PetscCall(MatIncreaseOverlapSplit_Single(mat, &is[i], ov));
  PetscCall(PetscLogEventEnd(MAT_IncreaseOverlap, mat, 0, 0, 0));
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@
   MatGetBlockSize - Returns the matrix block size.

   Not Collective

   Input Parameter:
.  mat - the matrix

   Output Parameter:
.  bs - block size

   Level: intermediate

   Notes:
    Block row formats are `MATBAIJ` and `MATSBAIJ` ALWAYS have square block storage in the matrix.

   If the block size has not been set yet this routine returns 1.

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `MATBAIJ`, `MATSBAIJ`, `MatCreateSeqBAIJ()`, `MatCreateBAIJ()`, `MatGetBlockSizes()`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatGetBlockSize(Mat mat, PetscInt *bs)
{
  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(mat, MAT_CLASSID, 1);
  PetscValidIntPointer(bs, 2);
  *bs = PetscAbs(mat->rmap->bs);
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@
   MatGetBlockSizes - Returns the matrix block row and column sizes.

   Not Collective

   Input Parameter:
.  mat - the matrix

   Output Parameters:
+  rbs - row block size
-  cbs - column block size

   Level: intermediate

   Notes:
    Block row formats are `MATBAIJ` and `MATSBAIJ` ALWAYS have square block storage in the matrix.
    If you pass a different block size for the columns than the rows, the row block size determines the square block storage.

   If a block size has not been set yet this routine returns 1.

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `MATBAIJ`, `MATSBAIJ`, `MatCreateSeqBAIJ()`, `MatCreateBAIJ()`, `MatGetBlockSize()`, `MatSetBlockSize()`, `MatSetBlockSizes()`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatGetBlockSizes(Mat mat, PetscInt *rbs, PetscInt *cbs)
{
  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(mat, MAT_CLASSID, 1);
  if (rbs) PetscValidIntPointer(rbs, 2);
  if (cbs) PetscValidIntPointer(cbs, 3);
  if (rbs) *rbs = PetscAbs(mat->rmap->bs);
  if (cbs) *cbs = PetscAbs(mat->cmap->bs);
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@
   MatSetBlockSize - Sets the matrix block size.

   Logically Collective

   Input Parameters:
+  mat - the matrix
-  bs - block size

   Level: intermediate

   Notes:
    Block row formats are `MATBAIJ` and `MATSBAIJ` formats ALWAYS have square block storage in the matrix.
    This must be called before `MatSetUp()` or MatXXXSetPreallocation() (or will default to 1) and the block size cannot be changed later.

    For `MATAIJ` matrix format, this function can be called at a later stage, provided that the specified block size
    is compatible with the matrix local sizes.

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `MATBAIJ`, `MATSBAIJ`, `MATAIJ`, `MatCreateSeqBAIJ()`, `MatCreateBAIJ()`, `MatGetBlockSize()`, `MatSetBlockSizes()`, `MatGetBlockSizes()`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatSetBlockSize(Mat mat, PetscInt bs)
{
  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(mat, MAT_CLASSID, 1);
  PetscValidLogicalCollectiveInt(mat, bs, 2);
  PetscCall(MatSetBlockSizes(mat, bs, bs));
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

typedef struct {
  PetscInt         n;
  IS              *is;
  Mat             *mat;
  PetscObjectState nonzerostate;
  Mat              C;
} EnvelopeData;

static PetscErrorCode EnvelopeDataDestroy(EnvelopeData *edata)
{
  for (PetscInt i = 0; i < edata->n; i++) PetscCall(ISDestroy(&edata->is[i]));
  PetscCall(PetscFree(edata->is));
  PetscCall(PetscFree(edata));
  return PETSC_SUCCESS;
}

/*
   MatComputeVariableBlockEnvelope - Given a matrix whose nonzeros are in blocks along the diagonal this computes and stores
         the sizes of these blocks in the matrix. An individual block may lie over several processes.

   Collective

   Input Parameter:
.  mat - the matrix

   Notes:
     There can be zeros within the blocks

     The blocks can overlap between processes, including laying on more than two processes

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `MatInvertVariableBlockEnvelope()`, `MatSetVariableBlockSizes()`
*/
static PetscErrorCode MatComputeVariableBlockEnvelope(Mat mat)
{
  PetscInt           n, *sizes, *starts, i = 0, env = 0, tbs = 0, lblocks = 0, rstart, II, ln = 0, cnt = 0, cstart, cend;
  PetscInt          *diag, *odiag, sc;
  VecScatter         scatter;
  PetscScalar       *seqv;
  const PetscScalar *parv;
  const PetscInt    *ia, *ja;
  PetscBool          set, flag, done;
  Mat                AA = mat, A;
  MPI_Comm           comm;
  PetscMPIInt        rank, size, tag;
  MPI_Status         status;
  PetscContainer     container;
  EnvelopeData      *edata;
  Vec                seq, par;
  IS                 isglobal;

  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(mat, MAT_CLASSID, 1);
  PetscCall(MatIsSymmetricKnown(mat, &set, &flag));
  if (!set || !flag) {
    /* TOO: only needs nonzero structure of transpose */
    PetscCall(MatTranspose(mat, MAT_INITIAL_MATRIX, &AA));
    PetscCall(MatAXPY(AA, 1.0, mat, DIFFERENT_NONZERO_PATTERN));
  }
  PetscCall(MatAIJGetLocalMat(AA, &A));
  PetscCall(MatGetRowIJ(A, 0, PETSC_FALSE, PETSC_FALSE, &n, &ia, &ja, &done));
  PetscCheck(done, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)A), PETSC_ERR_SUP, "Unable to get IJ structure from matrix");

  PetscCall(MatGetLocalSize(mat, &n, NULL));
  PetscCall(PetscObjectGetNewTag((PetscObject)mat, &tag));
  PetscCall(PetscObjectGetComm((PetscObject)mat, &comm));
  PetscCallMPI(MPI_Comm_size(comm, &size));
  PetscCallMPI(MPI_Comm_rank(comm, &rank));

  PetscCall(PetscMalloc2(n, &sizes, n, &starts));

  if (rank > 0) {
    PetscCallMPI(MPI_Recv(&env, 1, MPIU_INT, rank - 1, tag, comm, &status));
    PetscCallMPI(MPI_Recv(&tbs, 1, MPIU_INT, rank - 1, tag, comm, &status));
  }
  PetscCall(MatGetOwnershipRange(mat, &rstart, NULL));
  for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
    env = PetscMax(env, ja[ia[i + 1] - 1]);
    II  = rstart + i;
    if (env == II) {
      starts[lblocks]  = tbs;
      sizes[lblocks++] = 1 + II - tbs;
      tbs              = 1 + II;
    }
  }
  if (rank < size - 1) {
    PetscCallMPI(MPI_Send(&env, 1, MPIU_INT, rank + 1, tag, comm));
    PetscCallMPI(MPI_Send(&tbs, 1, MPIU_INT, rank + 1, tag, comm));
  }

  PetscCall(MatRestoreRowIJ(A, 0, PETSC_FALSE, PETSC_FALSE, &n, &ia, &ja, &done));
  if (!set || !flag) PetscCall(MatDestroy(&AA));
  PetscCall(MatDestroy(&A));

  PetscCall(PetscNew(&edata));
  PetscCall(MatGetNonzeroState(mat, &edata->nonzerostate));
  edata->n = lblocks;
  /* create IS needed for extracting blocks from the original matrix */
  PetscCall(PetscMalloc1(lblocks, &edata->is));
  for (PetscInt i = 0; i < lblocks; i++) PetscCall(ISCreateStride(PETSC_COMM_SELF, sizes[i], starts[i], 1, &edata->is[i]));

  /* Create the resulting inverse matrix structure with preallocation information */
  PetscCall(MatCreate(PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), &edata->C));
  PetscCall(MatSetSizes(edata->C, mat->rmap->n, mat->cmap->n, mat->rmap->N, mat->cmap->N));
  PetscCall(MatSetBlockSizesFromMats(edata->C, mat, mat));
  PetscCall(MatSetType(edata->C, MATAIJ));

  /* Communicate the start and end of each row, from each block to the correct rank */
  /* TODO: Use PetscSF instead of VecScatter */
  for (PetscInt i = 0; i < lblocks; i++) ln += sizes[i];
  PetscCall(VecCreateSeq(PETSC_COMM_SELF, 2 * ln, &seq));
  PetscCall(VecGetArrayWrite(seq, &seqv));
  for (PetscInt i = 0; i < lblocks; i++) {
    for (PetscInt j = 0; j < sizes[i]; j++) {
      seqv[cnt]     = starts[i];
      seqv[cnt + 1] = starts[i] + sizes[i];
      cnt += 2;
    }
  }
  PetscCall(VecRestoreArrayWrite(seq, &seqv));
  PetscCallMPI(MPI_Scan(&cnt, &sc, 1, MPIU_INT, MPI_SUM, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat)));
  sc -= cnt;
  PetscCall(VecCreateMPI(PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), 2 * mat->rmap->n, 2 * mat->rmap->N, &par));
  PetscCall(ISCreateStride(PETSC_COMM_SELF, cnt, sc, 1, &isglobal));
  PetscCall(VecScatterCreate(seq, NULL, par, isglobal, &scatter));
  PetscCall(ISDestroy(&isglobal));
  PetscCall(VecScatterBegin(scatter, seq, par, INSERT_VALUES, SCATTER_FORWARD));
  PetscCall(VecScatterEnd(scatter, seq, par, INSERT_VALUES, SCATTER_FORWARD));
  PetscCall(VecScatterDestroy(&scatter));
  PetscCall(VecDestroy(&seq));
  PetscCall(MatGetOwnershipRangeColumn(mat, &cstart, &cend));
  PetscCall(PetscMalloc2(mat->rmap->n, &diag, mat->rmap->n, &odiag));
  PetscCall(VecGetArrayRead(par, &parv));
  cnt = 0;
  PetscCall(MatGetSize(mat, NULL, &n));
  for (PetscInt i = 0; i < mat->rmap->n; i++) {
    PetscInt start, end, d = 0, od = 0;

    start = (PetscInt)PetscRealPart(parv[cnt]);
    end   = (PetscInt)PetscRealPart(parv[cnt + 1]);
    cnt += 2;

    if (start < cstart) {
      od += cstart - start + n - cend;
      d += cend - cstart;
    } else if (start < cend) {
      od += n - cend;
      d += cend - start;
    } else od += n - start;
    if (end <= cstart) {
      od -= cstart - end + n - cend;
      d -= cend - cstart;
    } else if (end < cend) {
      od -= n - cend;
      d -= cend - end;
    } else od -= n - end;

    odiag[i] = od;
    diag[i]  = d;
  }
  PetscCall(VecRestoreArrayRead(par, &parv));
  PetscCall(VecDestroy(&par));
  PetscCall(MatXAIJSetPreallocation(edata->C, mat->rmap->bs, diag, odiag, NULL, NULL));
  PetscCall(PetscFree2(diag, odiag));
  PetscCall(PetscFree2(sizes, starts));

  PetscCall(PetscContainerCreate(PETSC_COMM_SELF, &container));
  PetscCall(PetscContainerSetPointer(container, edata));
  PetscCall(PetscContainerSetUserDestroy(container, (PetscErrorCode(*)(void *))EnvelopeDataDestroy));
  PetscCall(PetscObjectCompose((PetscObject)mat, "EnvelopeData", (PetscObject)container));
  PetscCall(PetscObjectDereference((PetscObject)container));
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@
  MatInvertVariableBlockEnvelope - set matrix C to be the inverted block diagonal of matrix A

  Collective

  Input Parameters:
. A - the matrix

  Output Parameters:
. C - matrix with inverted block diagonal of A.  This matrix should be created and may have its type set.

  Level: advanced

  Note:
     For efficiency the matrix A should have all the nonzero entries clustered in smallish blocks along the diagonal.

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `MatInvertBlockDiagonal()`, `MatComputeBlockDiagonal()`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatInvertVariableBlockEnvelope(Mat A, MatReuse reuse, Mat *C)
{
  PetscContainer   container;
  EnvelopeData    *edata;
  PetscObjectState nonzerostate;

  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscCall(PetscObjectQuery((PetscObject)A, "EnvelopeData", (PetscObject *)&container));
  if (!container) {
    PetscCall(MatComputeVariableBlockEnvelope(A));
    PetscCall(PetscObjectQuery((PetscObject)A, "EnvelopeData", (PetscObject *)&container));
  }
  PetscCall(PetscContainerGetPointer(container, (void **)&edata));
  PetscCall(MatGetNonzeroState(A, &nonzerostate));
  PetscCheck(nonzerostate <= edata->nonzerostate, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)A), PETSC_ERR_SUP, "Cannot handle changes to matrix nonzero structure");
  PetscCheck(reuse != MAT_REUSE_MATRIX || *C == edata->C, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)A), PETSC_ERR_SUP, "C matrix must be the same as previously output");

  PetscCall(MatCreateSubMatrices(A, edata->n, edata->is, edata->is, MAT_INITIAL_MATRIX, &edata->mat));
  *C = edata->C;

  for (PetscInt i = 0; i < edata->n; i++) {
    Mat          D;
    PetscScalar *dvalues;

    PetscCall(MatConvert(edata->mat[i], MATSEQDENSE, MAT_INITIAL_MATRIX, &D));
    PetscCall(MatSetOption(*C, MAT_ROW_ORIENTED, PETSC_FALSE));
    PetscCall(MatSeqDenseInvert(D));
    PetscCall(MatDenseGetArray(D, &dvalues));
    PetscCall(MatSetValuesIS(*C, edata->is[i], edata->is[i], dvalues, INSERT_VALUES));
    PetscCall(MatDestroy(&D));
  }
  PetscCall(MatDestroySubMatrices(edata->n, &edata->mat));
  PetscCall(MatAssemblyBegin(*C, MAT_FINAL_ASSEMBLY));
  PetscCall(MatAssemblyEnd(*C, MAT_FINAL_ASSEMBLY));
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@
   MatSetVariableBlockSizes - Sets diagonal point-blocks of the matrix that need not be of the same size

   Logically Collective

   Input Parameters:
+  mat - the matrix
.  nblocks - the number of blocks on this process, each block can only exist on a single process
-  bsizes - the block sizes

   Level: intermediate

   Notes:
    Currently used by `PCVPBJACOBI` for `MATAIJ` matrices

    Each variable point-block set of degrees of freedom must live on a single MPI rank. That is a point block cannot straddle two MPI ranks.

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `MatCreateSeqBAIJ()`, `MatCreateBAIJ()`, `MatGetBlockSize()`, `MatSetBlockSizes()`, `MatGetBlockSizes()`, `MatGetVariableBlockSizes()`,
          `MatComputeVariableBlockEnvelope()`, `PCVPBJACOBI`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatSetVariableBlockSizes(Mat mat, PetscInt nblocks, PetscInt *bsizes)
{
  PetscInt i, ncnt = 0, nlocal;

  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(mat, MAT_CLASSID, 1);
  PetscCheck(nblocks >= 0, PETSC_COMM_SELF, PETSC_ERR_ARG_SIZ, "Number of local blocks must be great than or equal to zero");
  PetscCall(MatGetLocalSize(mat, &nlocal, NULL));
  for (i = 0; i < nblocks; i++) ncnt += bsizes[i];
  PetscCheck(ncnt == nlocal, PETSC_COMM_SELF, PETSC_ERR_ARG_SIZ, "Sum of local block sizes %" PetscInt_FMT " does not equal local size of matrix %" PetscInt_FMT, ncnt, nlocal);
  PetscCall(PetscFree(mat->bsizes));
  mat->nblocks = nblocks;
  PetscCall(PetscMalloc1(nblocks, &mat->bsizes));
  PetscCall(PetscArraycpy(mat->bsizes, bsizes, nblocks));
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@C
   MatGetVariableBlockSizes - Gets a diagonal blocks of the matrix that need not be of the same size

   Logically Collective; No Fortran Support

   Input Parameter:
.  mat - the matrix

   Output Parameters:
+  nblocks - the number of blocks on this process
-  bsizes - the block sizes

   Level: intermediate

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `MatCreateSeqBAIJ()`, `MatCreateBAIJ()`, `MatGetBlockSize()`, `MatSetBlockSizes()`, `MatGetBlockSizes()`, `MatSetVariableBlockSizes()`, `MatComputeVariableBlockEnvelope()`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatGetVariableBlockSizes(Mat mat, PetscInt *nblocks, const PetscInt **bsizes)
{
  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(mat, MAT_CLASSID, 1);
  *nblocks = mat->nblocks;
  *bsizes  = mat->bsizes;
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@
   MatSetBlockSizes - Sets the matrix block row and column sizes.

   Logically Collective

   Input Parameters:
+  mat - the matrix
.  rbs - row block size
-  cbs - column block size

   Level: intermediate

   Notes:
    Block row formats are `MATBAIJ` and  `MATSBAIJ`. These formats ALWAYS have square block storage in the matrix.
    If you pass a different block size for the columns than the rows, the row block size determines the square block storage.
    This must be called before `MatSetUp()` or MatXXXSetPreallocation() (or will default to 1) and the block size cannot be changed later.

    For `MATAIJ` matrix this function can be called at a later stage, provided that the specified block sizes
    are compatible with the matrix local sizes.

    The row and column block size determine the blocksize of the "row" and "column" vectors returned by `MatCreateVecs()`.

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `MatCreateSeqBAIJ()`, `MatCreateBAIJ()`, `MatGetBlockSize()`, `MatSetBlockSize()`, `MatGetBlockSizes()`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatSetBlockSizes(Mat mat, PetscInt rbs, PetscInt cbs)
{
  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(mat, MAT_CLASSID, 1);
  PetscValidLogicalCollectiveInt(mat, rbs, 2);
  PetscValidLogicalCollectiveInt(mat, cbs, 3);
  PetscTryTypeMethod(mat, setblocksizes, rbs, cbs);
  if (mat->rmap->refcnt) {
    ISLocalToGlobalMapping l2g  = NULL;
    PetscLayout            nmap = NULL;

    PetscCall(PetscLayoutDuplicate(mat->rmap, &nmap));
    if (mat->rmap->mapping) PetscCall(ISLocalToGlobalMappingDuplicate(mat->rmap->mapping, &l2g));
    PetscCall(PetscLayoutDestroy(&mat->rmap));
    mat->rmap          = nmap;
    mat->rmap->mapping = l2g;
  }
  if (mat->cmap->refcnt) {
    ISLocalToGlobalMapping l2g  = NULL;
    PetscLayout            nmap = NULL;

    PetscCall(PetscLayoutDuplicate(mat->cmap, &nmap));
    if (mat->cmap->mapping) PetscCall(ISLocalToGlobalMappingDuplicate(mat->cmap->mapping, &l2g));
    PetscCall(PetscLayoutDestroy(&mat->cmap));
    mat->cmap          = nmap;
    mat->cmap->mapping = l2g;
  }
  PetscCall(PetscLayoutSetBlockSize(mat->rmap, rbs));
  PetscCall(PetscLayoutSetBlockSize(mat->cmap, cbs));
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@
   MatSetBlockSizesFromMats - Sets the matrix block row and column sizes to match a pair of matrices

   Logically Collective

   Input Parameters:
+  mat - the matrix
.  fromRow - matrix from which to copy row block size
-  fromCol - matrix from which to copy column block size (can be same as fromRow)

   Level: developer

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `MatCreateSeqBAIJ()`, `MatCreateBAIJ()`, `MatGetBlockSize()`, `MatSetBlockSizes()`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatSetBlockSizesFromMats(Mat mat, Mat fromRow, Mat fromCol)
{
  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(mat, MAT_CLASSID, 1);
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(fromRow, MAT_CLASSID, 2);
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(fromCol, MAT_CLASSID, 3);
  if (fromRow->rmap->bs > 0) PetscCall(PetscLayoutSetBlockSize(mat->rmap, fromRow->rmap->bs));
  if (fromCol->cmap->bs > 0) PetscCall(PetscLayoutSetBlockSize(mat->cmap, fromCol->cmap->bs));
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@
   MatResidual - Default routine to calculate the residual r = b - Ax

   Collective

   Input Parameters:
+  mat - the matrix
.  b   - the right-hand-side
-  x   - the approximate solution

   Output Parameter:
.  r - location to store the residual

   Level: developer

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `MatMult()`, `MatMultAdd()`, `PCMGSetResidual()`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatResidual(Mat mat, Vec b, Vec x, Vec r)
{
  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(mat, MAT_CLASSID, 1);
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(b, VEC_CLASSID, 2);
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(x, VEC_CLASSID, 3);
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(r, VEC_CLASSID, 4);
  PetscValidType(mat, 1);
  MatCheckPreallocated(mat, 1);
  PetscCall(PetscLogEventBegin(MAT_Residual, mat, 0, 0, 0));
  if (!mat->ops->residual) {
    PetscCall(MatMult(mat, x, r));
    PetscCall(VecAYPX(r, -1.0, b));
  } else {
    PetscUseTypeMethod(mat, residual, b, x, r);
  }
  PetscCall(PetscLogEventEnd(MAT_Residual, mat, 0, 0, 0));
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*MC
    MatGetRowIJF90 - Obtains the compressed row storage i and j indices for the local rows of a sparse matrix

    Synopsis:
    MatGetRowIJF90(Mat A, PetscInt shift, PetscBool symmetric, PetscBool inodecompressed, PetscInt n, {PetscInt, pointer :: ia(:)}, {PetscInt, pointer :: ja(:)}, PetscBool done,integer ierr)

    Not Collective

    Input Parameters:
+   A - the matrix
.   shift -  0 or 1 indicating we want the indices starting at 0 or 1
.   symmetric - `PETSC_TRUE` or `PETSC_FALSE` indicating the matrix data structure should be symmetrized
-   inodecompressed - `PETSC_TRUE` or `PETSC_FALSE`  indicats if the nonzero structure of the
                 inodes or the nonzero elements is wanted. For `MATBAIJ` matrices the compressed version is
                 always used.

    Output Parameters:
+   n - number of local rows in the (possibly compressed) matrix
.   ia - the row pointers; that is ia[0] = 0, ia[row] = ia[row-1] + number of elements in that row of the matrix
.   ja - the column indices
-   done - indicates if the routine actually worked and returned appropriate ia[] and ja[] arrays; callers
           are responsible for handling the case when done == `PETSC_FALSE` and ia and ja are not set

    Level: developer

    Note:
    Use  `MatRestoreRowIJF90()` when you no longer need access to the data

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), [](sec_fortranarrays), `Mat`, `MATMPIAIJ`, `MatGetRowIJ()`, `MatRestoreRowIJ()`, `MatRestoreRowIJF90()`
M*/

/*MC
    MatRestoreRowIJF90 - restores the compressed row storage i and j indices for the local rows of a sparse matrix obtained with `MatGetRowIJF90()`

    Synopsis:
    MatRestoreRowIJF90(Mat A, PetscInt shift, PetscBool symmetric, PetscBool inodecompressed, PetscInt n, {PetscInt, pointer :: ia(:)}, {PetscInt, pointer :: ja(:)}, PetscBool done,integer ierr)

    Not Collective

    Input Parameters:
+   A - the  matrix
.   shift -  0 or 1 indicating we want the indices starting at 0 or 1
.   symmetric - `PETSC_TRUE` or `PETSC_FALSE` indicating the matrix data structure should be symmetrized
    inodecompressed - `PETSC_TRUE` or `PETSC_FALSE`  indicats if the nonzero structure of the
                 inodes or the nonzero elements is wanted. For `MATBAIJ` matrices the compressed version is
                 always used.
.   n - number of local rows in the (possibly compressed) matrix
.   ia - the row pointers; that is ia[0] = 0, ia[row] = ia[row-1] + number of elements in that row of the matrix
.   ja - the column indices
-   done - indicates if the routine actually worked and returned appropriate ia[] and ja[] arrays; callers
           are responsible for handling the case when done == `PETSC_FALSE` and ia and ja are not set

    Level: developer

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), [](sec_fortranarrays), `Mat`, `MATMPIAIJ`, `MatGetRowIJ()`, `MatRestoreRowIJ()`, `MatGetRowIJF90()`
M*/

/*@C
    MatGetRowIJ - Returns the compressed row storage i and j indices for the local rows of a sparse matrix

   Collective

    Input Parameters:
+   mat - the matrix
.   shift -  0 or 1 indicating we want the indices starting at 0 or 1
.   symmetric - `PETSC_TRUE` or `PETSC_FALSE` indicating the matrix data structure should be symmetrized
-   inodecompressed - `PETSC_TRUE` or `PETSC_FALSE`  indicats if the nonzero structure of the
                 inodes or the nonzero elements is wanted. For `MATBAIJ` matrices the compressed version is
                 always used.

    Output Parameters:
+   n - number of local rows in the (possibly compressed) matrix, use `NULL` if not needed
.   ia - the row pointers; that is ia[0] = 0, ia[row] = ia[row-1] + number of elements in that row of the matrix, use `NULL` if not needed
.   ja - the column indices, use `NULL` if not needed
-   done - indicates if the routine actually worked and returned appropriate ia[] and ja[] arrays; callers
           are responsible for handling the case when done == `PETSC_FALSE` and ia and ja are not set

    Level: developer

    Notes:
    You CANNOT change any of the ia[] or ja[] values.

    Use `MatRestoreRowIJ()` when you are finished accessing the ia[] and ja[] values.

    Fortran Notes:
    Use
.vb
    PetscInt, pointer :: ia(:),ja(:)
    call MatGetRowIJF90(mat,shift,symmetric,inodecompressed,n,ia,ja,done,ierr)
    ! Access the ith and jth entries via ia(i) and ja(j)
.ve
   `MatGetRowIJ()` Fortran binding is deprecated (since PETSc 3.19), use `MatGetRowIJF90()`

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `MATAIJ`, `MatGetRowIJF90()`, `MatGetColumnIJ()`, `MatRestoreRowIJ()`, `MatSeqAIJGetArray()`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatGetRowIJ(Mat mat, PetscInt shift, PetscBool symmetric, PetscBool inodecompressed, PetscInt *n, const PetscInt *ia[], const PetscInt *ja[], PetscBool *done)
{
  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(mat, MAT_CLASSID, 1);
  PetscValidType(mat, 1);
  if (n) PetscValidIntPointer(n, 5);
  if (ia) PetscValidPointer(ia, 6);
  if (ja) PetscValidPointer(ja, 7);
  if (done) PetscValidBoolPointer(done, 8);
  MatCheckPreallocated(mat, 1);
  if (!mat->ops->getrowij && done) *done = PETSC_FALSE;
  else {
    if (done) *done = PETSC_TRUE;
    PetscCall(PetscLogEventBegin(MAT_GetRowIJ, mat, 0, 0, 0));
    PetscUseTypeMethod(mat, getrowij, shift, symmetric, inodecompressed, n, ia, ja, done);
    PetscCall(PetscLogEventEnd(MAT_GetRowIJ, mat, 0, 0, 0));
  }
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@C
    MatGetColumnIJ - Returns the compressed column storage i and j indices for sequential matrices.

    Collective

    Input Parameters:
+   mat - the matrix
.   shift - 1 or zero indicating we want the indices starting at 0 or 1
.   symmetric - `PETSC_TRUE` or `PETSC_FALSE` indicating the matrix data structure should be
                symmetrized
.   inodecompressed - `PETSC_TRUE` or `PETSC_FALSE` indicating if the nonzero structure of the
                 inodes or the nonzero elements is wanted. For `MATBAIJ` matrices the compressed version is
                 always used.
.   n - number of columns in the (possibly compressed) matrix
.   ia - the column pointers; that is ia[0] = 0, ia[col] = i[col-1] + number of elements in that col of the matrix
-   ja - the row indices

    Output Parameters:
.   done - `PETSC_TRUE` or `PETSC_FALSE`, indicating whether the values have been returned

    Level: developer

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `MatGetRowIJ()`, `MatRestoreColumnIJ()`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatGetColumnIJ(Mat mat, PetscInt shift, PetscBool symmetric, PetscBool inodecompressed, PetscInt *n, const PetscInt *ia[], const PetscInt *ja[], PetscBool *done)
{
  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(mat, MAT_CLASSID, 1);
  PetscValidType(mat, 1);
  PetscValidIntPointer(n, 5);
  if (ia) PetscValidPointer(ia, 6);
  if (ja) PetscValidPointer(ja, 7);
  PetscValidBoolPointer(done, 8);
  MatCheckPreallocated(mat, 1);
  if (!mat->ops->getcolumnij) *done = PETSC_FALSE;
  else {
    *done = PETSC_TRUE;
    PetscUseTypeMethod(mat, getcolumnij, shift, symmetric, inodecompressed, n, ia, ja, done);
  }
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@C
    MatRestoreRowIJ - Call after you are completed with the ia,ja indices obtained with `MatGetRowIJ()`.

    Collective

    Input Parameters:
+   mat - the matrix
.   shift - 1 or zero indicating we want the indices starting at 0 or 1
.   symmetric - `PETSC_TRUE` or `PETSC_FALSE` indicating the matrix data structure should be symmetrized
.   inodecompressed -  `PETSC_TRUE` or `PETSC_FALSE` indicating if the nonzero structure of the
                 inodes or the nonzero elements is wanted. For `MATBAIJ` matrices the compressed version is
                 always used.
.   n - size of (possibly compressed) matrix
.   ia - the row pointers
-   ja - the column indices

    Output Parameters:
.   done - `PETSC_TRUE` or `PETSC_FALSE` indicated that the values have been returned

    Level: developer

    Note:
    This routine zeros out `n`, `ia`, and `ja`. This is to prevent accidental
    us of the array after it has been restored. If you pass `NULL`, it will
    not zero the pointers.  Use of ia or ja after `MatRestoreRowIJ()` is invalid.

    Fortran Note:
   `MatRestoreRowIJ()` Fortran binding is deprecated (since PETSc 3.19), use `MatRestoreRowIJF90()`
.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `MatGetRowIJ()`, `MatRestoreRowIJF90()`, `MatRestoreColumnIJ()`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatRestoreRowIJ(Mat mat, PetscInt shift, PetscBool symmetric, PetscBool inodecompressed, PetscInt *n, const PetscInt *ia[], const PetscInt *ja[], PetscBool *done)
{
  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(mat, MAT_CLASSID, 1);
  PetscValidType(mat, 1);
  if (ia) PetscValidPointer(ia, 6);
  if (ja) PetscValidPointer(ja, 7);
  if (done) PetscValidBoolPointer(done, 8);
  MatCheckPreallocated(mat, 1);

  if (!mat->ops->restorerowij && done) *done = PETSC_FALSE;
  else {
    if (done) *done = PETSC_TRUE;
    PetscUseTypeMethod(mat, restorerowij, shift, symmetric, inodecompressed, n, ia, ja, done);
    if (n) *n = 0;
    if (ia) *ia = NULL;
    if (ja) *ja = NULL;
  }
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@C
    MatRestoreColumnIJ - Call after you are completed with the ia,ja indices obtained with `MatGetColumnIJ()`.

    Collective

    Input Parameters:
+   mat - the matrix
.   shift - 1 or zero indicating we want the indices starting at 0 or 1
.   symmetric - `PETSC_TRUE` or `PETSC_FALSE` indicating the matrix data structure should be symmetrized
-   inodecompressed - `PETSC_TRUE` or `PETSC_FALSE` indicating if the nonzero structure of the
                 inodes or the nonzero elements is wanted. For `MATBAIJ` matrices the compressed version is
                 always used.

    Output Parameters:
+   n - size of (possibly compressed) matrix
.   ia - the column pointers
.   ja - the row indices
-   done - `PETSC_TRUE` or `PETSC_FALSE` indicated that the values have been returned

    Level: developer

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `MatGetColumnIJ()`, `MatRestoreRowIJ()`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatRestoreColumnIJ(Mat mat, PetscInt shift, PetscBool symmetric, PetscBool inodecompressed, PetscInt *n, const PetscInt *ia[], const PetscInt *ja[], PetscBool *done)
{
  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(mat, MAT_CLASSID, 1);
  PetscValidType(mat, 1);
  if (ia) PetscValidPointer(ia, 6);
  if (ja) PetscValidPointer(ja, 7);
  PetscValidBoolPointer(done, 8);
  MatCheckPreallocated(mat, 1);

  if (!mat->ops->restorecolumnij) *done = PETSC_FALSE;
  else {
    *done = PETSC_TRUE;
    PetscUseTypeMethod(mat, restorecolumnij, shift, symmetric, inodecompressed, n, ia, ja, done);
    if (n) *n = 0;
    if (ia) *ia = NULL;
    if (ja) *ja = NULL;
  }
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@C
    MatColoringPatch -Used inside matrix coloring routines that use `MatGetRowIJ()` and/or `MatGetColumnIJ()`.

    Collective

    Input Parameters:
+   mat - the matrix
.   ncolors - max color value
.   n   - number of entries in colorarray
-   colorarray - array indicating color for each column

    Output Parameters:
.   iscoloring - coloring generated using colorarray information

    Level: developer

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `MatGetRowIJ()`, `MatGetColumnIJ()`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatColoringPatch(Mat mat, PetscInt ncolors, PetscInt n, ISColoringValue colorarray[], ISColoring *iscoloring)
{
  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(mat, MAT_CLASSID, 1);
  PetscValidType(mat, 1);
  PetscValidIntPointer(colorarray, 4);
  PetscValidPointer(iscoloring, 5);
  MatCheckPreallocated(mat, 1);

  if (!mat->ops->coloringpatch) {
    PetscCall(ISColoringCreate(PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), ncolors, n, colorarray, PETSC_OWN_POINTER, iscoloring));
  } else {
    PetscUseTypeMethod(mat, coloringpatch, ncolors, n, colorarray, iscoloring);
  }
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@
   MatSetUnfactored - Resets a factored matrix to be treated as unfactored.

   Logically Collective

   Input Parameter:
.  mat - the factored matrix to be reset

   Level: developer

   Notes:
   This routine should be used only with factored matrices formed by in-place
   factorization via ILU(0) (or by in-place LU factorization for the `MATSEQDENSE`
   format).  This option can save memory, for example, when solving nonlinear
   systems with a matrix-free Newton-Krylov method and a matrix-based, in-place
   ILU(0) preconditioner.

   One can specify in-place ILU(0) factorization by calling
.vb
     PCType(pc,PCILU);
     PCFactorSeUseInPlace(pc);
.ve
   or by using the options -pc_type ilu -pc_factor_in_place

   In-place factorization ILU(0) can also be used as a local
   solver for the blocks within the block Jacobi or additive Schwarz
   methods (runtime option: -sub_pc_factor_in_place).  See Users-Manual: ch_pc
   for details on setting local solver options.

   Most users should employ the `KSP` interface for linear solvers
   instead of working directly with matrix algebra routines such as this.
   See, e.g., `KSPCreate()`.

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `PCFactorSetUseInPlace()`, `PCFactorGetUseInPlace()`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatSetUnfactored(Mat mat)
{
  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(mat, MAT_CLASSID, 1);
  PetscValidType(mat, 1);
  MatCheckPreallocated(mat, 1);
  mat->factortype = MAT_FACTOR_NONE;
  if (!mat->ops->setunfactored) PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
  PetscUseTypeMethod(mat, setunfactored);
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*MC
    MatDenseGetArrayF90 - Accesses a matrix array from Fortran

    Synopsis:
    MatDenseGetArrayF90(Mat x,{Scalar, pointer :: xx_v(:,:)},integer ierr)

    Not collective

    Input Parameter:
.   x - matrix

    Output Parameters:
+   xx_v - the Fortran pointer to the array
-   ierr - error code

    Example of Usage:
.vb
      PetscScalar, pointer xx_v(:,:)
      ....
      call MatDenseGetArrayF90(x,xx_v,ierr)
      a = xx_v(3)
      call MatDenseRestoreArrayF90(x,xx_v,ierr)
.ve

    Level: advanced

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `MatDenseRestoreArrayF90()`, `MatDenseGetArray()`, `MatDenseRestoreArray()`, `MatSeqAIJGetArrayF90()`
M*/

/*MC
    MatDenseRestoreArrayF90 - Restores a matrix array that has been
    accessed with `MatDenseGetArrayF90()`.

    Synopsis:
    MatDenseRestoreArrayF90(Mat x,{Scalar, pointer :: xx_v(:,:)},integer ierr)

    Not collective

    Input Parameters:
+   x - matrix
-   xx_v - the Fortran90 pointer to the array

    Output Parameter:
.   ierr - error code

    Example of Usage:
.vb
       PetscScalar, pointer xx_v(:,:)
       ....
       call MatDenseGetArrayF90(x,xx_v,ierr)
       a = xx_v(3)
       call MatDenseRestoreArrayF90(x,xx_v,ierr)
.ve

    Level: advanced

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `MatDenseGetArrayF90()`, `MatDenseGetArray()`, `MatDenseRestoreArray()`, `MatSeqAIJRestoreArrayF90()`
M*/

/*MC
    MatSeqAIJGetArrayF90 - Accesses a matrix array from Fortran.

    Synopsis:
    MatSeqAIJGetArrayF90(Mat x,{Scalar, pointer :: xx_v(:)},integer ierr)

    Not collective

    Input Parameter:
.   x - matrix

    Output Parameters:
+   xx_v - the Fortran pointer to the array
-   ierr - error code

    Example of Usage:
.vb
      PetscScalar, pointer xx_v(:)
      ....
      call MatSeqAIJGetArrayF90(x,xx_v,ierr)
      a = xx_v(3)
      call MatSeqAIJRestoreArrayF90(x,xx_v,ierr)
.ve

    Level: advanced

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `MatSeqAIJRestoreArrayF90()`, `MatSeqAIJGetArray()`, `MatSeqAIJRestoreArray()`, `MatDenseGetArrayF90()`
M*/

/*MC
    MatSeqAIJRestoreArrayF90 - Restores a matrix array that has been
    accessed with `MatSeqAIJGetArrayF90()`.

    Synopsis:
    MatSeqAIJRestoreArrayF90(Mat x,{Scalar, pointer :: xx_v(:)},integer ierr)

    Not collective

    Input Parameters:
+   x - matrix
-   xx_v - the Fortran90 pointer to the array

    Output Parameter:
.   ierr - error code

    Example of Usage:
.vb
       PetscScalar, pointer xx_v(:)
       ....
       call MatSeqAIJGetArrayF90(x,xx_v,ierr)
       a = xx_v(3)
       call MatSeqAIJRestoreArrayF90(x,xx_v,ierr)
.ve

    Level: advanced

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `MatSeqAIJGetArrayF90()`, `MatSeqAIJGetArray()`, `MatSeqAIJRestoreArray()`, `MatDenseRestoreArrayF90()`
M*/

/*@
    MatCreateSubMatrix - Gets a single submatrix on the same number of processors
                      as the original matrix.

    Collective

    Input Parameters:
+   mat - the original matrix
.   isrow - parallel IS containing the rows this processor should obtain
.   iscol - parallel IS containing all columns you wish to keep. Each process should list the columns that will be in IT's "diagonal part" in the new matrix.
-   cll - either `MAT_INITIAL_MATRIX` or `MAT_REUSE_MATRIX`

    Output Parameter:
.   newmat - the new submatrix, of the same type as the old

    Level: advanced

    Notes:
    The submatrix will be able to be multiplied with vectors using the same layout as iscol.

    Some matrix types place restrictions on the row and column indices, such
    as that they be sorted or that they be equal to each other. For `MATBAIJ` and `MATSBAIJ` matrices the indices must include all rows/columns of a block;
    for example, if the block size is 3 one cannot select the 0 and 2 rows without selecting the 1 row.

    The index sets may not have duplicate entries.

      The first time this is called you should use a cll of `MAT_INITIAL_MATRIX`,
   the `MatCreateSubMatrix()` routine will create the newmat for you. Any additional calls
   to this routine with a mat of the same nonzero structure and with a call of `MAT_REUSE_MATRIX`
   will reuse the matrix generated the first time.  You should call `MatDestroy()` on newmat when
   you are finished using it.

    The communicator of the newly obtained matrix is ALWAYS the same as the communicator of
    the input matrix.

    If iscol is `NULL` then all columns are obtained (not supported in Fortran).

   Example usage:
   Consider the following 8x8 matrix with 34 non-zero values, that is
   assembled across 3 processors. Let's assume that proc0 owns 3 rows,
   proc1 owns 3 rows, proc2 owns 2 rows. This division can be shown
   as follows:

.vb
            1  2  0  |  0  3  0  |  0  4
    Proc0   0  5  6  |  7  0  0  |  8  0
            9  0 10  | 11  0  0  | 12  0
    -------------------------------------
           13  0 14  | 15 16 17  |  0  0
    Proc1   0 18  0  | 19 20 21  |  0  0
            0  0  0  | 22 23  0  | 24  0
    -------------------------------------
    Proc2  25 26 27  |  0  0 28  | 29  0
           30  0  0  | 31 32 33  |  0 34
.ve

    Suppose isrow = [0 1 | 4 | 6 7] and iscol = [1 2 | 3 4 5 | 6].  The resulting submatrix is

.vb
            2  0  |  0  3  0  |  0
    Proc0   5  6  |  7  0  0  |  8
    -------------------------------
    Proc1  18  0  | 19 20 21  |  0
    -------------------------------
    Proc2  26 27  |  0  0 28  | 29
            0  0  | 31 32 33  |  0
.ve

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `MatCreateSubMatrices()`, `MatCreateSubMatricesMPI()`, `MatCreateSubMatrixVirtual()`, `MatSubMatrixVirtualUpdate()`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatCreateSubMatrix(Mat mat, IS isrow, IS iscol, MatReuse cll, Mat *newmat)
{
  PetscMPIInt size;
  Mat        *local;
  IS          iscoltmp;
  PetscBool   flg;

  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(mat, MAT_CLASSID, 1);
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(isrow, IS_CLASSID, 2);
  if (iscol) PetscValidHeaderSpecific(iscol, IS_CLASSID, 3);
  PetscValidPointer(newmat, 5);
  if (cll == MAT_REUSE_MATRIX) PetscValidHeaderSpecific(*newmat, MAT_CLASSID, 5);
  PetscValidType(mat, 1);
  PetscCheck(!mat->factortype, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONGSTATE, "Not for factored matrix");
  PetscCheck(cll != MAT_IGNORE_MATRIX, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONGSTATE, "Cannot use MAT_IGNORE_MATRIX");

  MatCheckPreallocated(mat, 1);
  PetscCallMPI(MPI_Comm_size(PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), &size));

  if (!iscol || isrow == iscol) {
    PetscBool   stride;
    PetscMPIInt grabentirematrix = 0, grab;
    PetscCall(PetscObjectTypeCompare((PetscObject)isrow, ISSTRIDE, &stride));
    if (stride) {
      PetscInt first, step, n, rstart, rend;
      PetscCall(ISStrideGetInfo(isrow, &first, &step));
      if (step == 1) {
        PetscCall(MatGetOwnershipRange(mat, &rstart, &rend));
        if (rstart == first) {
          PetscCall(ISGetLocalSize(isrow, &n));
          if (n == rend - rstart) grabentirematrix = 1;
        }
      }
    }
    PetscCall(MPIU_Allreduce(&grabentirematrix, &grab, 1, MPI_INT, MPI_MIN, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat)));
    if (grab) {
      PetscCall(PetscInfo(mat, "Getting entire matrix as submatrix\n"));
      if (cll == MAT_INITIAL_MATRIX) {
        *newmat = mat;
        PetscCall(PetscObjectReference((PetscObject)mat));
      }
      PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
    }
  }

  if (!iscol) {
    PetscCall(ISCreateStride(PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), mat->cmap->n, mat->cmap->rstart, 1, &iscoltmp));
  } else {
    iscoltmp = iscol;
  }

  /* if original matrix is on just one processor then use submatrix generated */
  if (mat->ops->createsubmatrices && !mat->ops->createsubmatrix && size == 1 && cll == MAT_REUSE_MATRIX) {
    PetscCall(MatCreateSubMatrices(mat, 1, &isrow, &iscoltmp, MAT_REUSE_MATRIX, &newmat));
    goto setproperties;
  } else if (mat->ops->createsubmatrices && !mat->ops->createsubmatrix && size == 1) {
    PetscCall(MatCreateSubMatrices(mat, 1, &isrow, &iscoltmp, MAT_INITIAL_MATRIX, &local));
    *newmat = *local;
    PetscCall(PetscFree(local));
    goto setproperties;
  } else if (!mat->ops->createsubmatrix) {
    /* Create a new matrix type that implements the operation using the full matrix */
    PetscCall(PetscLogEventBegin(MAT_CreateSubMat, mat, 0, 0, 0));
    switch (cll) {
    case MAT_INITIAL_MATRIX:
      PetscCall(MatCreateSubMatrixVirtual(mat, isrow, iscoltmp, newmat));
      break;
    case MAT_REUSE_MATRIX:
      PetscCall(MatSubMatrixVirtualUpdate(*newmat, mat, isrow, iscoltmp));
      break;
    default:
      SETERRQ(PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_ARG_OUTOFRANGE, "Invalid MatReuse, must be either MAT_INITIAL_MATRIX or MAT_REUSE_MATRIX");
    }
    PetscCall(PetscLogEventEnd(MAT_CreateSubMat, mat, 0, 0, 0));
    goto setproperties;
  }

  PetscCall(PetscLogEventBegin(MAT_CreateSubMat, mat, 0, 0, 0));
  PetscUseTypeMethod(mat, createsubmatrix, isrow, iscoltmp, cll, newmat);
  PetscCall(PetscLogEventEnd(MAT_CreateSubMat, mat, 0, 0, 0));

setproperties:
  PetscCall(ISEqualUnsorted(isrow, iscoltmp, &flg));
  if (flg) PetscCall(MatPropagateSymmetryOptions(mat, *newmat));
  if (!iscol) PetscCall(ISDestroy(&iscoltmp));
  if (*newmat && cll == MAT_INITIAL_MATRIX) PetscCall(PetscObjectStateIncrease((PetscObject)*newmat));
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@
   MatPropagateSymmetryOptions - Propagates symmetry options set on a matrix to another matrix

   Not Collective

   Input Parameters:
+  A - the matrix we wish to propagate options from
-  B - the matrix we wish to propagate options to

   Level: beginner

   Note:
   Propagates the options associated to `MAT_SYMMETRY_ETERNAL`, `MAT_STRUCTURALLY_SYMMETRIC`, `MAT_HERMITIAN`, `MAT_SPD`, `MAT_SYMMETRIC`, and `MAT_STRUCTURAL_SYMMETRY_ETERNAL`

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `MatSetOption()`, `MatIsSymmetricKnown()`, `MatIsSPDKnown()`, `MatIsHermitianKnown()`, MatIsStructurallySymmetricKnown()`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatPropagateSymmetryOptions(Mat A, Mat B)
{
  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(A, MAT_CLASSID, 1);
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(B, MAT_CLASSID, 2);
  B->symmetry_eternal            = A->symmetry_eternal;
  B->structural_symmetry_eternal = A->structural_symmetry_eternal;
  B->symmetric                   = A->symmetric;
  B->structurally_symmetric      = A->structurally_symmetric;
  B->spd                         = A->spd;
  B->hermitian                   = A->hermitian;
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@
   MatStashSetInitialSize - sets the sizes of the matrix stash, that is
   used during the assembly process to store values that belong to
   other processors.

   Not Collective

   Input Parameters:
+  mat   - the matrix
.  size  - the initial size of the stash.
-  bsize - the initial size of the block-stash(if used).

   Options Database Keys:
+   -matstash_initial_size <size> or <size0,size1,...sizep-1>
-   -matstash_block_initial_size <bsize>  or <bsize0,bsize1,...bsizep-1>

   Level: intermediate

   Notes:
     The block-stash is used for values set with `MatSetValuesBlocked()` while
     the stash is used for values set with `MatSetValues()`

     Run with the option -info and look for output of the form
     MatAssemblyBegin_MPIXXX:Stash has MM entries, uses nn mallocs.
     to determine the appropriate value, MM, to use for size and
     MatAssemblyBegin_MPIXXX:Block-Stash has BMM entries, uses nn mallocs.
     to determine the value, BMM to use for bsize

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `MatAssemblyBegin()`, `MatAssemblyEnd()`, `Mat`, `MatStashGetInfo()`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatStashSetInitialSize(Mat mat, PetscInt size, PetscInt bsize)
{
  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(mat, MAT_CLASSID, 1);
  PetscValidType(mat, 1);
  PetscCall(MatStashSetInitialSize_Private(&mat->stash, size));
  PetscCall(MatStashSetInitialSize_Private(&mat->bstash, bsize));
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@
   MatInterpolateAdd - w = y + A*x or A'*x depending on the shape of
     the matrix

   Neighbor-wise Collective

   Input Parameters:
+  mat   - the matrix
.  x,y - the vectors
-  w - where the result is stored

   Level: intermediate

   Notes:
    `w` may be the same vector as `y`.

    This allows one to use either the restriction or interpolation (its transpose)
    matrix to do the interpolation

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `MatMultAdd()`, `MatMultTransposeAdd()`, `MatRestrict()`, `PCMG`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatInterpolateAdd(Mat A, Vec x, Vec y, Vec w)
{
  PetscInt M, N, Ny;

  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(A, MAT_CLASSID, 1);
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(x, VEC_CLASSID, 2);
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(y, VEC_CLASSID, 3);
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(w, VEC_CLASSID, 4);
  PetscCall(MatGetSize(A, &M, &N));
  PetscCall(VecGetSize(y, &Ny));
  if (M == Ny) {
    PetscCall(MatMultAdd(A, x, y, w));
  } else {
    PetscCall(MatMultTransposeAdd(A, x, y, w));
  }
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@
   MatInterpolate - y = A*x or A'*x depending on the shape of
     the matrix

   Neighbor-wise Collective

   Input Parameters:
+  mat   - the matrix
-  x,y - the vectors

   Level: intermediate

   Note:
    This allows one to use either the restriction or interpolation (its transpose)
    matrix to do the interpolation

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `MatMultAdd()`, `MatMultTransposeAdd()`, `MatRestrict()`, `PCMG`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatInterpolate(Mat A, Vec x, Vec y)
{
  PetscInt M, N, Ny;

  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(A, MAT_CLASSID, 1);
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(x, VEC_CLASSID, 2);
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(y, VEC_CLASSID, 3);
  PetscCall(MatGetSize(A, &M, &N));
  PetscCall(VecGetSize(y, &Ny));
  if (M == Ny) {
    PetscCall(MatMult(A, x, y));
  } else {
    PetscCall(MatMultTranspose(A, x, y));
  }
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@
   MatRestrict - y = A*x or A'*x

   Neighbor-wise Collective

   Input Parameters:
+  mat   - the matrix
-  x,y - the vectors

   Level: intermediate

   Note:
    This allows one to use either the restriction or interpolation (its transpose)
    matrix to do the restriction

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `MatMultAdd()`, `MatMultTransposeAdd()`, `MatInterpolate()`, `PCMG`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatRestrict(Mat A, Vec x, Vec y)
{
  PetscInt M, N, Ny;

  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(A, MAT_CLASSID, 1);
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(x, VEC_CLASSID, 2);
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(y, VEC_CLASSID, 3);
  PetscCall(MatGetSize(A, &M, &N));
  PetscCall(VecGetSize(y, &Ny));
  if (M == Ny) {
    PetscCall(MatMult(A, x, y));
  } else {
    PetscCall(MatMultTranspose(A, x, y));
  }
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@
   MatMatInterpolateAdd - Y = W + A*X or W + A'*X

   Neighbor-wise Collective

   Input Parameters:
+  mat   - the matrix
-  w, x - the input dense matrices

   Output Parameters:
.  y - the output dense matrix

   Level: intermediate

   Note:
    This allows one to use either the restriction or interpolation (its transpose)
    matrix to do the interpolation. y matrix can be reused if already created with the proper sizes,
    otherwise it will be recreated. y must be initialized to `NULL` if not supplied.

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `MatInterpolateAdd()`, `MatMatInterpolate()`, `MatMatRestrict()`, `PCMG`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatMatInterpolateAdd(Mat A, Mat x, Mat w, Mat *y)
{
  PetscInt  M, N, Mx, Nx, Mo, My = 0, Ny = 0;
  PetscBool trans = PETSC_TRUE;
  MatReuse  reuse = MAT_INITIAL_MATRIX;

  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(A, MAT_CLASSID, 1);
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(x, MAT_CLASSID, 2);
  PetscValidType(x, 2);
  if (w) PetscValidHeaderSpecific(w, MAT_CLASSID, 3);
  if (*y) PetscValidHeaderSpecific(*y, MAT_CLASSID, 4);
  PetscCall(MatGetSize(A, &M, &N));
  PetscCall(MatGetSize(x, &Mx, &Nx));
  if (N == Mx) trans = PETSC_FALSE;
  else PetscCheck(M == Mx, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)A), PETSC_ERR_SUP, "Size mismatch: A %" PetscInt_FMT "x%" PetscInt_FMT ", X %" PetscInt_FMT "x%" PetscInt_FMT, M, N, Mx, Nx);
  Mo = trans ? N : M;
  if (*y) {
    PetscCall(MatGetSize(*y, &My, &Ny));
    if (Mo == My && Nx == Ny) {
      reuse = MAT_REUSE_MATRIX;
    } else {
      PetscCheck(w || *y != w, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)A), PETSC_ERR_SUP, "Cannot reuse y and w, size mismatch: A %" PetscInt_FMT "x%" PetscInt_FMT ", X %" PetscInt_FMT "x%" PetscInt_FMT ", Y %" PetscInt_FMT "x%" PetscInt_FMT, M, N, Mx, Nx, My, Ny);
      PetscCall(MatDestroy(y));
    }
  }

  if (w && *y == w) { /* this is to minimize changes in PCMG */
    PetscBool flg;

    PetscCall(PetscObjectQuery((PetscObject)*y, "__MatMatIntAdd_w", (PetscObject *)&w));
    if (w) {
      PetscInt My, Ny, Mw, Nw;

      PetscCall(PetscObjectTypeCompare((PetscObject)*y, ((PetscObject)w)->type_name, &flg));
      PetscCall(MatGetSize(*y, &My, &Ny));
      PetscCall(MatGetSize(w, &Mw, &Nw));
      if (!flg || My != Mw || Ny != Nw) w = NULL;
    }
    if (!w) {
      PetscCall(MatDuplicate(*y, MAT_COPY_VALUES, &w));
      PetscCall(PetscObjectCompose((PetscObject)*y, "__MatMatIntAdd_w", (PetscObject)w));
      PetscCall(PetscObjectDereference((PetscObject)w));
    } else {
      PetscCall(MatCopy(*y, w, UNKNOWN_NONZERO_PATTERN));
    }
  }
  if (!trans) {
    PetscCall(MatMatMult(A, x, reuse, PETSC_DEFAULT, y));
  } else {
    PetscCall(MatTransposeMatMult(A, x, reuse, PETSC_DEFAULT, y));
  }
  if (w) PetscCall(MatAXPY(*y, 1.0, w, UNKNOWN_NONZERO_PATTERN));
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@
   MatMatInterpolate - Y = A*X or A'*X

   Neighbor-wise Collective

   Input Parameters:
+  mat   - the matrix
-  x - the input dense matrix

   Output Parameters:
.  y - the output dense matrix

   Level: intermediate

   Note:
    This allows one to use either the restriction or interpolation (its transpose)
    matrix to do the interpolation. y matrix can be reused if already created with the proper sizes,
    otherwise it will be recreated. y must be initialized to `NULL` if not supplied.

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `MatInterpolate()`, `MatRestrict()`, `MatMatRestrict()`, `PCMG`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatMatInterpolate(Mat A, Mat x, Mat *y)
{
  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscCall(MatMatInterpolateAdd(A, x, NULL, y));
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@
   MatMatRestrict - Y = A*X or A'*X

   Neighbor-wise Collective

   Input Parameters:
+  mat   - the matrix
-  x - the input dense matrix

   Output Parameters:
.  y - the output dense matrix

   Level: intermediate

   Note:
    This allows one to use either the restriction or interpolation (its transpose)
    matrix to do the restriction. y matrix can be reused if already created with the proper sizes,
    otherwise it will be recreated. y must be initialized to `NULL` if not supplied.

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `MatRestrict()`, `MatInterpolate()`, `MatMatInterpolate()`, `PCMG`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatMatRestrict(Mat A, Mat x, Mat *y)
{
  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscCall(MatMatInterpolateAdd(A, x, NULL, y));
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@
   MatGetNullSpace - retrieves the null space of a matrix.

   Logically Collective

   Input Parameters:
+  mat - the matrix
-  nullsp - the null space object

   Level: developer

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `MatCreate()`, `MatNullSpaceCreate()`, `MatSetNearNullSpace()`, `MatSetNullSpace()`, `MatNullSpace`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatGetNullSpace(Mat mat, MatNullSpace *nullsp)
{
  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(mat, MAT_CLASSID, 1);
  PetscValidPointer(nullsp, 2);
  *nullsp = (mat->symmetric == PETSC_BOOL3_TRUE && !mat->nullsp) ? mat->transnullsp : mat->nullsp;
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@
   MatSetNullSpace - attaches a null space to a matrix.

   Logically Collective

   Input Parameters:
+  mat - the matrix
-  nullsp - the null space object

   Level: advanced

   Notes:
      This null space is used by the `KSP` linear solvers to solve singular systems.

      Overwrites any previous null space that may have been attached. You can remove the null space from the matrix object by calling this routine with an nullsp of `NULL`

      For inconsistent singular systems (linear systems where the right hand side is not in the range of the operator) the `KSP` residuals will not converge to
      to zero but the linear system will still be solved in a least squares sense.

      The fundamental theorem of linear algebra (Gilbert Strang, Introduction to Applied Mathematics, page 72) states that
   the domain of a matrix A (from R^n to R^m (m rows, n columns) R^n = the direct sum of the null space of A, n(A), + the range of A^T, R(A^T).
   Similarly R^m = direct sum n(A^T) + R(A).  Hence the linear system A x = b has a solution only if b in R(A) (or correspondingly b is orthogonal to
   n(A^T)) and if x is a solution then x + alpha n(A) is a solution for any alpha. The minimum norm solution is orthogonal to n(A). For problems without a solution
   the solution that minimizes the norm of the residual (the least squares solution) can be obtained by solving A x = \hat{b} where \hat{b} is b orthogonalized to the n(A^T).
   This  \hat{b} can be obtained by calling MatNullSpaceRemove() with the null space of the transpose of the matrix.

    If the matrix is known to be symmetric because it is an `MATSBAIJ` matrix or one as called
    `MatSetOption`(mat,`MAT_SYMMETRIC` or possibly `MAT_SYMMETRY_ETERNAL`,`PETSC_TRUE`); this
    routine also automatically calls `MatSetTransposeNullSpace()`.

    The user should call `MatNullSpaceDestroy()`.

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `MatCreate()`, `MatNullSpaceCreate()`, `MatSetNearNullSpace()`, `MatGetNullSpace()`, `MatSetTransposeNullSpace()`, `MatGetTransposeNullSpace()`, `MatNullSpaceRemove()`,
          `KSPSetPCSide()`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatSetNullSpace(Mat mat, MatNullSpace nullsp)
{
  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(mat, MAT_CLASSID, 1);
  if (nullsp) PetscValidHeaderSpecific(nullsp, MAT_NULLSPACE_CLASSID, 2);
  if (nullsp) PetscCall(PetscObjectReference((PetscObject)nullsp));
  PetscCall(MatNullSpaceDestroy(&mat->nullsp));
  mat->nullsp = nullsp;
  if (mat->symmetric == PETSC_BOOL3_TRUE) PetscCall(MatSetTransposeNullSpace(mat, nullsp));
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@
   MatGetTransposeNullSpace - retrieves the null space of the transpose of a matrix.

   Logically Collective

   Input Parameters:
+  mat - the matrix
-  nullsp - the null space object

   Level: developer

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `MatNullSpace`, `MatCreate()`, `MatNullSpaceCreate()`, `MatSetNearNullSpace()`, `MatSetTransposeNullSpace()`, `MatSetNullSpace()`, `MatGetNullSpace()`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatGetTransposeNullSpace(Mat mat, MatNullSpace *nullsp)
{
  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(mat, MAT_CLASSID, 1);
  PetscValidType(mat, 1);
  PetscValidPointer(nullsp, 2);
  *nullsp = (mat->symmetric == PETSC_BOOL3_TRUE && !mat->transnullsp) ? mat->nullsp : mat->transnullsp;
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@
   MatSetTransposeNullSpace - attaches the null space of a transpose of a matrix to the matrix

   Logically Collective

   Input Parameters:
+  mat - the matrix
-  nullsp - the null space object

   Level: advanced

   Notes:
   This allows solving singular linear systems defined by the transpose of the matrix using `KSP` solvers with left preconditioning.

   See `MatSetNullSpace()`

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `MatNullSpace`, `MatCreate()`, `MatNullSpaceCreate()`, `MatSetNearNullSpace()`, `MatGetNullSpace()`, `MatSetNullSpace()`, `MatGetTransposeNullSpace()`, `MatNullSpaceRemove()`, `KSPSetPCSide()`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatSetTransposeNullSpace(Mat mat, MatNullSpace nullsp)
{
  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(mat, MAT_CLASSID, 1);
  if (nullsp) PetscValidHeaderSpecific(nullsp, MAT_NULLSPACE_CLASSID, 2);
  if (nullsp) PetscCall(PetscObjectReference((PetscObject)nullsp));
  PetscCall(MatNullSpaceDestroy(&mat->transnullsp));
  mat->transnullsp = nullsp;
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@
   MatSetNearNullSpace - attaches a null space to a matrix, which is often the null space (rigid body modes) of the operator without boundary conditions
        This null space will be used to provide near null space vectors to a multigrid preconditioner built from this matrix.

   Logically Collective

   Input Parameters:
+  mat - the matrix
-  nullsp - the null space object

   Level: advanced

   Notes:
   Overwrites any previous near null space that may have been attached

   You can remove the null space by calling this routine with an nullsp of `NULL`

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `MatNullSpace`, `MatCreate()`, `MatNullSpaceCreate()`, `MatSetNullSpace()`, `MatNullSpaceCreateRigidBody()`, `MatGetNearNullSpace()`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatSetNearNullSpace(Mat mat, MatNullSpace nullsp)
{
  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(mat, MAT_CLASSID, 1);
  PetscValidType(mat, 1);
  if (nullsp) PetscValidHeaderSpecific(nullsp, MAT_NULLSPACE_CLASSID, 2);
  MatCheckPreallocated(mat, 1);
  if (nullsp) PetscCall(PetscObjectReference((PetscObject)nullsp));
  PetscCall(MatNullSpaceDestroy(&mat->nearnullsp));
  mat->nearnullsp = nullsp;
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@
   MatGetNearNullSpace - Get null space attached with `MatSetNearNullSpace()`

   Not Collective

   Input Parameter:
.  mat - the matrix

   Output Parameter:
.  nullsp - the null space object, `NULL` if not set

   Level: advanced

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `MatNullSpace`, `MatSetNearNullSpace()`, `MatGetNullSpace()`, `MatNullSpaceCreate()`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatGetNearNullSpace(Mat mat, MatNullSpace *nullsp)
{
  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(mat, MAT_CLASSID, 1);
  PetscValidType(mat, 1);
  PetscValidPointer(nullsp, 2);
  MatCheckPreallocated(mat, 1);
  *nullsp = mat->nearnullsp;
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@C
   MatICCFactor - Performs in-place incomplete Cholesky factorization of matrix.

   Collective

   Input Parameters:
+  mat - the matrix
.  row - row/column permutation
.  fill - expected fill factor >= 1.0
-  level - level of fill, for ICC(k)

   Notes:
   Probably really in-place only when level of fill is zero, otherwise allocates
   new space to store factored matrix and deletes previous memory.

   Most users should employ the `KSP` interface for linear solvers
   instead of working directly with matrix algebra routines such as this.
   See, e.g., `KSPCreate()`.

   Level: developer

   Developer Note:
   The Fortran interface is not autogenerated as the
   interface definition cannot be generated correctly [due to `MatFactorInfo`]

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `MatGetFactor()`, `MatICCFactorSymbolic()`, `MatLUFactorNumeric()`, `MatCholeskyFactor()`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatICCFactor(Mat mat, IS row, const MatFactorInfo *info)
{
  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(mat, MAT_CLASSID, 1);
  PetscValidType(mat, 1);
  if (row) PetscValidHeaderSpecific(row, IS_CLASSID, 2);
  PetscValidPointer(info, 3);
  PetscCheck(mat->rmap->N == mat->cmap->N, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONG, "matrix must be square");
  PetscCheck(mat->assembled, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONGSTATE, "Not for unassembled matrix");
  PetscCheck(!mat->factortype, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONGSTATE, "Not for factored matrix");
  MatCheckPreallocated(mat, 1);
  PetscUseTypeMethod(mat, iccfactor, row, info);
  PetscCall(PetscObjectStateIncrease((PetscObject)mat));
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@
   MatDiagonalScaleLocal - Scales columns of a matrix given the scaling values including the
         ghosted ones.

   Not Collective

   Input Parameters:
+  mat - the matrix
-  diag - the diagonal values, including ghost ones

   Level: developer

   Notes:
    Works only for `MATMPIAIJ` and `MATMPIBAIJ` matrices

    This allows one to avoid during communication to perform the scaling that must be done with `MatDiagonalScale()`

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `MatDiagonalScale()`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatDiagonalScaleLocal(Mat mat, Vec diag)
{
  PetscMPIInt size;

  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(mat, MAT_CLASSID, 1);
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(diag, VEC_CLASSID, 2);
  PetscValidType(mat, 1);

  PetscCheck(mat->assembled, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONGSTATE, "Matrix must be already assembled");
  PetscCall(PetscLogEventBegin(MAT_Scale, mat, 0, 0, 0));
  PetscCallMPI(MPI_Comm_size(PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), &size));
  if (size == 1) {
    PetscInt n, m;
    PetscCall(VecGetSize(diag, &n));
    PetscCall(MatGetSize(mat, NULL, &m));
    PetscCheck(m == n, PETSC_COMM_SELF, PETSC_ERR_SUP, "Only supported for sequential matrices when no ghost points/periodic conditions");
    PetscCall(MatDiagonalScale(mat, NULL, diag));
  } else {
    PetscUseMethod(mat, "MatDiagonalScaleLocal_C", (Mat, Vec), (mat, diag));
  }
  PetscCall(PetscLogEventEnd(MAT_Scale, mat, 0, 0, 0));
  PetscCall(PetscObjectStateIncrease((PetscObject)mat));
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@
   MatGetInertia - Gets the inertia from a factored matrix

   Collective

   Input Parameter:
.  mat - the matrix

   Output Parameters:
+   nneg - number of negative eigenvalues
.   nzero - number of zero eigenvalues
-   npos - number of positive eigenvalues

   Level: advanced

   Note:
    Matrix must have been factored by `MatCholeskyFactor()`

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `MatGetFactor()`, `MatCholeskyFactor()`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatGetInertia(Mat mat, PetscInt *nneg, PetscInt *nzero, PetscInt *npos)
{
  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(mat, MAT_CLASSID, 1);
  PetscValidType(mat, 1);
  PetscCheck(mat->factortype, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONGSTATE, "Unfactored matrix");
  PetscCheck(mat->assembled, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONGSTATE, "Numeric factor mat is not assembled");
  PetscUseTypeMethod(mat, getinertia, nneg, nzero, npos);
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@C
   MatSolves - Solves A x = b, given a factored matrix, for a collection of vectors

   Neighbor-wise Collective

   Input Parameters:
+  mat - the factored matrix obtained with `MatGetFactor()`
-  b - the right-hand-side vectors

   Output Parameter:
.  x - the result vectors

   Level: developer

   Note:
   The vectors `b` and `x` cannot be the same.  I.e., one cannot
   call `MatSolves`(A,x,x).

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `Vecs`, `MatSolveAdd()`, `MatSolveTranspose()`, `MatSolveTransposeAdd()`, `MatSolve()`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatSolves(Mat mat, Vecs b, Vecs x)
{
  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(mat, MAT_CLASSID, 1);
  PetscValidType(mat, 1);
  PetscCheck(x != b, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_ARG_IDN, "x and b must be different vectors");
  PetscCheck(mat->factortype, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONGSTATE, "Unfactored matrix");
  if (!mat->rmap->N && !mat->cmap->N) PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);

  MatCheckPreallocated(mat, 1);
  PetscCall(PetscLogEventBegin(MAT_Solves, mat, 0, 0, 0));
  PetscUseTypeMethod(mat, solves, b, x);
  PetscCall(PetscLogEventEnd(MAT_Solves, mat, 0, 0, 0));
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@
   MatIsSymmetric - Test whether a matrix is symmetric

   Collective

   Input Parameters:
+  A - the matrix to test
-  tol - difference between value and its transpose less than this amount counts as equal (use 0.0 for exact transpose)

   Output Parameters:
.  flg - the result

   Level: intermediate

   Notes:
    For real numbers `MatIsSymmetric()` and `MatIsHermitian()` return identical results

    If the matrix does not yet know if it is symmetric or not this can be an expensive operation, also available `MatIsSymmetricKnown()`

    One can declare that a matrix is symmetric with `MatSetOption`(mat,`MAT_SYMMETRIC`,`PETSC_TRUE`) and if it is known to remain symmetric
    after changes to the matrices values one can call `MatSetOption`(mat,`MAT_SYMMETRY_ETERNAL`,`PETSC_TRUE`)

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `MatTranspose()`, `MatIsTranspose()`, `MatIsHermitian()`, `MatIsStructurallySymmetric()`, `MatSetOption()`, `MatIsSymmetricKnown()`,
          `MAT_SYMMETRIC`, `MAT_SYMMETRY_ETERNAL`, `MatSetOption()`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatIsSymmetric(Mat A, PetscReal tol, PetscBool *flg)
{
  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(A, MAT_CLASSID, 1);
  PetscValidBoolPointer(flg, 3);

  if (A->symmetric == PETSC_BOOL3_TRUE) *flg = PETSC_TRUE;
  else if (A->symmetric == PETSC_BOOL3_FALSE) *flg = PETSC_FALSE;
  else {
    if (!A->ops->issymmetric) {
      MatType mattype;
      PetscCall(MatGetType(A, &mattype));
      SETERRQ(PETSC_COMM_SELF, PETSC_ERR_SUP, "Matrix of type %s does not support checking for symmetric", mattype);
    }
    PetscUseTypeMethod(A, issymmetric, tol, flg);
    if (!tol) PetscCall(MatSetOption(A, MAT_SYMMETRIC, *flg));
  }
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@
   MatIsHermitian - Test whether a matrix is Hermitian

   Collective

   Input Parameters:
+  A - the matrix to test
-  tol - difference between value and its transpose less than this amount counts as equal (use 0.0 for exact Hermitian)

   Output Parameters:
.  flg - the result

   Level: intermediate

   Notes:
    For real numbers `MatIsSymmetric()` and `MatIsHermitian()` return identical results

    If the matrix does not yet know if it is Hermitian or not this can be an expensive operation, also available `MatIsHermitianKnown()`

    One can declare that a matrix is Hermitian with `MatSetOption`(mat,`MAT_HERMITIAN`,`PETSC_TRUE`) and if it is known to remain Hermitian
    after changes to the matrices values one can call `MatSetOption`(mat,`MAT_SYMEMTRY_ETERNAL`,`PETSC_TRUE`)

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `MatTranspose()`, `MatIsTranspose()`, `MatIsHermitianKnown()`, `MatIsStructurallySymmetric()`, `MatSetOption()`,
          `MatIsSymmetricKnown()`, `MatIsSymmetric()`, `MAT_HERMITIAN`, `MAT_SYMMETRY_ETERNAL`, `MatSetOption()`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatIsHermitian(Mat A, PetscReal tol, PetscBool *flg)
{
  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(A, MAT_CLASSID, 1);
  PetscValidBoolPointer(flg, 3);

  if (A->hermitian == PETSC_BOOL3_TRUE) *flg = PETSC_TRUE;
  else if (A->hermitian == PETSC_BOOL3_FALSE) *flg = PETSC_FALSE;
  else {
    if (!A->ops->ishermitian) {
      MatType mattype;
      PetscCall(MatGetType(A, &mattype));
      SETERRQ(PETSC_COMM_SELF, PETSC_ERR_SUP, "Matrix of type %s does not support checking for hermitian", mattype);
    }
    PetscUseTypeMethod(A, ishermitian, tol, flg);
    if (!tol) PetscCall(MatSetOption(A, MAT_HERMITIAN, *flg));
  }
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@
   MatIsSymmetricKnown - Checks if a matrix knows if it is symmetric or not and its symmetric state

   Not Collective

   Input Parameter:
.  A - the matrix to check

   Output Parameters:
+  set - `PETSC_TRUE` if the matrix knows its symmetry state (this tells you if the next flag is valid)
-  flg - the result (only valid if set is `PETSC_TRUE`)

   Level: advanced

   Notes:
   Does not check the matrix values directly, so this may return unknown (set = `PETSC_FALSE`). Use `MatIsSymmetric()`
   if you want it explicitly checked

    One can declare that a matrix is symmetric with `MatSetOption`(mat,`MAT_SYMMETRIC`,`PETSC_TRUE`) and if it is known to remain symmetric
    after changes to the matrices values one can call `MatSetOption`(mat,`MAT_SYMMETRY_ETERNAL`,`PETSC_TRUE`)

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `MAT_SYMMETRY_ETERNAL`, `MatTranspose()`, `MatIsTranspose()`, `MatIsHermitian()`, `MatIsStructurallySymmetric()`, `MatSetOption()`, `MatIsSymmetric()`, `MatIsHermitianKnown()`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatIsSymmetricKnown(Mat A, PetscBool *set, PetscBool *flg)
{
  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(A, MAT_CLASSID, 1);
  PetscValidBoolPointer(set, 2);
  PetscValidBoolPointer(flg, 3);
  if (A->symmetric != PETSC_BOOL3_UNKNOWN) {
    *set = PETSC_TRUE;
    *flg = PetscBool3ToBool(A->symmetric);
  } else {
    *set = PETSC_FALSE;
  }
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@
   MatIsSPDKnown - Checks if a matrix knows if it is symmetric positive definite or not and its symmetric positive definite state

   Not Collective

   Input Parameter:
.  A - the matrix to check

   Output Parameters:
+  set - `PETSC_TRUE` if the matrix knows its symmetric positive definite state (this tells you if the next flag is valid)
-  flg - the result (only valid if set is `PETSC_TRUE`)

   Level: advanced

   Notes:
   Does not check the matrix values directly, so this may return unknown (set = `PETSC_FALSE`).

   One can declare that a matrix is SPD with `MatSetOption`(mat,`MAT_SPD`,`PETSC_TRUE`) and if it is known to remain SPD
   after changes to the matrices values one can call `MatSetOption`(mat,`MAT_SPD_ETERNAL`,`PETSC_TRUE`)

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `MAT_SPD_ETERNAL`, `MAT_SPD`, `MatTranspose()`, `MatIsTranspose()`, `MatIsHermitian()`, `MatIsStructurallySymmetric()`, `MatSetOption()`, `MatIsSymmetric()`, `MatIsHermitianKnown()`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatIsSPDKnown(Mat A, PetscBool *set, PetscBool *flg)
{
  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(A, MAT_CLASSID, 1);
  PetscValidBoolPointer(set, 2);
  PetscValidBoolPointer(flg, 3);
  if (A->spd != PETSC_BOOL3_UNKNOWN) {
    *set = PETSC_TRUE;
    *flg = PetscBool3ToBool(A->spd);
  } else {
    *set = PETSC_FALSE;
  }
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@
   MatIsHermitianKnown - Checks if a matrix knows if it is Hermitian or not and its Hermitian state

   Not Collective

   Input Parameter:
.  A - the matrix to check

   Output Parameters:
+  set - `PETSC_TRUE` if the matrix knows its Hermitian state (this tells you if the next flag is valid)
-  flg - the result (only valid if set is `PETSC_TRUE`)

   Level: advanced

   Notes:
   Does not check the matrix values directly, so this may return unknown (set = `PETSC_FALSE`). Use `MatIsHermitian()`
   if you want it explicitly checked

   One can declare that a matrix is Hermitian with `MatSetOption`(mat,`MAT_HERMITIAN`,`PETSC_TRUE`) and if it is known to remain Hermitian
   after changes to the matrices values one can call `MatSetOption`(mat,`MAT_SYMMETRY_ETERNAL`,`PETSC_TRUE`)

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `MAT_SYMMETRY_ETERNAL`, `MAT_HERMITIAN`, `MatTranspose()`, `MatIsTranspose()`, `MatIsHermitian()`, `MatIsStructurallySymmetric()`, `MatSetOption()`, `MatIsSymmetric()`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatIsHermitianKnown(Mat A, PetscBool *set, PetscBool *flg)
{
  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(A, MAT_CLASSID, 1);
  PetscValidBoolPointer(set, 2);
  PetscValidBoolPointer(flg, 3);
  if (A->hermitian != PETSC_BOOL3_UNKNOWN) {
    *set = PETSC_TRUE;
    *flg = PetscBool3ToBool(A->hermitian);
  } else {
    *set = PETSC_FALSE;
  }
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@
   MatIsStructurallySymmetric - Test whether a matrix is structurally symmetric

   Collective

   Input Parameter:
.  A - the matrix to test

   Output Parameters:
.  flg - the result

   Level: intermediate

   Notes:
   If the matrix does yet know it is structurally symmetric this can be an expensive operation, also available `MatIsStructurallySymmetricKnown()`

   One can declare that a matrix is structurally symmetric with `MatSetOption`(mat,`MAT_STRUCTURALLY_SYMMETRIC`,`PETSC_TRUE`) and if it is known to remain structurally
   symmetric after changes to the matrices values one can call `MatSetOption`(mat,`MAT_STRUCTURAL_SYMMETRY_ETERNAL`,`PETSC_TRUE`)

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `MAT_STRUCTURALLY_SYMMETRIC`, `MAT_STRUCTURAL_SYMMETRY_ETERNAL`, `MatTranspose()`, `MatIsTranspose()`, `MatIsHermitian()`, `MatIsSymmetric()`, `MatSetOption()`, `MatIsStructurallySymmetricKnown()`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatIsStructurallySymmetric(Mat A, PetscBool *flg)
{
  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(A, MAT_CLASSID, 1);
  PetscValidBoolPointer(flg, 2);
  if (A->structurally_symmetric != PETSC_BOOL3_UNKNOWN) {
    *flg = PetscBool3ToBool(A->structurally_symmetric);
  } else {
    PetscUseTypeMethod(A, isstructurallysymmetric, flg);
    PetscCall(MatSetOption(A, MAT_STRUCTURALLY_SYMMETRIC, *flg));
  }
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@
   MatIsStructurallySymmetricKnown - Checks if a matrix knows if it is structurally symmetric or not and its structurally symmetric state

   Not Collective

   Input Parameter:
.  A - the matrix to check

   Output Parameters:
+  set - PETSC_TRUE if the matrix knows its structurally symmetric state (this tells you if the next flag is valid)
-  flg - the result (only valid if set is PETSC_TRUE)

   Level: advanced

   Notes:
   One can declare that a matrix is structurally symmetric with `MatSetOption`(mat,`MAT_STRUCTURALLY_SYMMETRIC`,`PETSC_TRUE`) and if it is known to remain structurally
   symmetric after changes to the matrices values one can call `MatSetOption`(mat,`MAT_STRUCTURAL_SYMMETRY_ETERNAL`,`PETSC_TRUE`)

   Use `MatIsStructurallySymmetric()` to explicitly check if a matrix is structurally symmetric (this is an expensive operation)

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `MAT_STRUCTURALLY_SYMMETRIC`, `MatTranspose()`, `MatIsTranspose()`, `MatIsHermitian()`, `MatIsStructurallySymmetric()`, `MatSetOption()`, `MatIsSymmetric()`, `MatIsHermitianKnown()`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatIsStructurallySymmetricKnown(Mat A, PetscBool *set, PetscBool *flg)
{
  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(A, MAT_CLASSID, 1);
  PetscValidBoolPointer(set, 2);
  PetscValidBoolPointer(flg, 3);
  if (A->structurally_symmetric != PETSC_BOOL3_UNKNOWN) {
    *set = PETSC_TRUE;
    *flg = PetscBool3ToBool(A->structurally_symmetric);
  } else {
    *set = PETSC_FALSE;
  }
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@
   MatStashGetInfo - Gets how many values are currently in the matrix stash, i.e. need
       to be communicated to other processors during the `MatAssemblyBegin()`/`MatAssemblyEnd()` process

    Not collective

   Input Parameter:
.   mat - the matrix

   Output Parameters:
+   nstash   - the size of the stash
.   reallocs - the number of additional mallocs incurred.
.   bnstash   - the size of the block stash
-   breallocs - the number of additional mallocs incurred.in the block stash

   Level: advanced

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `MatAssemblyBegin()`, `MatAssemblyEnd()`, `Mat`, `MatStashSetInitialSize()`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatStashGetInfo(Mat mat, PetscInt *nstash, PetscInt *reallocs, PetscInt *bnstash, PetscInt *breallocs)
{
  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscCall(MatStashGetInfo_Private(&mat->stash, nstash, reallocs));
  PetscCall(MatStashGetInfo_Private(&mat->bstash, bnstash, breallocs));
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@C
   MatCreateVecs - Get vector(s) compatible with the matrix, i.e. with the same
   parallel layout, `PetscLayout` for rows and columns

   Collective

   Input Parameter:
.  mat - the matrix

   Output Parameters:
+   right - (optional) vector that the matrix can be multiplied against
-   left - (optional) vector that the matrix vector product can be stored in

  Level: advanced

   Notes:
    The blocksize of the returned vectors is determined by the row and column block sizes set with `MatSetBlockSizes()` or the single blocksize (same for both) set by `MatSetBlockSize()`.

    These are new vectors which are not owned by the mat, they should be destroyed in `VecDestroy()` when no longer needed

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `Vec`, `VecCreate()`, `VecDestroy()`, `DMCreateGlobalVector()`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatCreateVecs(Mat mat, Vec *right, Vec *left)
{
  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(mat, MAT_CLASSID, 1);
  PetscValidType(mat, 1);
  if (mat->ops->getvecs) {
    PetscUseTypeMethod(mat, getvecs, right, left);
  } else {
    PetscInt rbs, cbs;
    PetscCall(MatGetBlockSizes(mat, &rbs, &cbs));
    if (right) {
      PetscCheck(mat->cmap->n >= 0, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONGSTATE, "PetscLayout for columns not yet setup");
      PetscCall(VecCreate(PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), right));
      PetscCall(VecSetSizes(*right, mat->cmap->n, PETSC_DETERMINE));
      PetscCall(VecSetBlockSize(*right, cbs));
      PetscCall(VecSetType(*right, mat->defaultvectype));
#if defined(PETSC_HAVE_VIENNACL) || defined(PETSC_HAVE_CUDA) || defined(PETSC_HAVE_HIP)
      if (mat->boundtocpu && mat->bindingpropagates) {
        PetscCall(VecSetBindingPropagates(*right, PETSC_TRUE));
        PetscCall(VecBindToCPU(*right, PETSC_TRUE));
      }
#endif
      PetscCall(PetscLayoutReference(mat->cmap, &(*right)->map));
    }
    if (left) {
      PetscCheck(mat->rmap->n >= 0, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONGSTATE, "PetscLayout for rows not yet setup");
      PetscCall(VecCreate(PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), left));
      PetscCall(VecSetSizes(*left, mat->rmap->n, PETSC_DETERMINE));
      PetscCall(VecSetBlockSize(*left, rbs));
      PetscCall(VecSetType(*left, mat->defaultvectype));
#if defined(PETSC_HAVE_VIENNACL) || defined(PETSC_HAVE_CUDA) || defined(PETSC_HAVE_HIP)
      if (mat->boundtocpu && mat->bindingpropagates) {
        PetscCall(VecSetBindingPropagates(*left, PETSC_TRUE));
        PetscCall(VecBindToCPU(*left, PETSC_TRUE));
      }
#endif
      PetscCall(PetscLayoutReference(mat->rmap, &(*left)->map));
    }
  }
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@C
   MatFactorInfoInitialize - Initializes a `MatFactorInfo` data structure
     with default values.

   Not Collective

   Input Parameters:
.    info - the `MatFactorInfo` data structure

   Level: developer

   Notes:
    The solvers are generally used through the `KSP` and `PC` objects, for example
          `PCLU`, `PCILU`, `PCCHOLESKY`, `PCICC`

    Once the data structure is initialized one may change certain entries as desired for the particular factorization to be performed

   Developer Note:
   The Fortran interface is not autogenerated as the
   interface definition cannot be generated correctly [due to `MatFactorInfo`]

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `MatGetFactor()`, `MatFactorInfo`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatFactorInfoInitialize(MatFactorInfo *info)
{
  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscCall(PetscMemzero(info, sizeof(MatFactorInfo)));
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@
   MatFactorSetSchurIS - Set indices corresponding to the Schur complement you wish to have computed

   Collective

   Input Parameters:
+  mat - the factored matrix
-  is - the index set defining the Schur indices (0-based)

   Level: advanced

   Notes:
    Call `MatFactorSolveSchurComplement()` or `MatFactorSolveSchurComplementTranspose()` after this call to solve a Schur complement system.

   You can call `MatFactorGetSchurComplement()` or `MatFactorCreateSchurComplement()` after this call.

   This functionality is only supported for `MATSOLVERMUMPS` and `MATSOLVERMKL_PARDISO`

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `MatGetFactor()`, `MatFactorGetSchurComplement()`, `MatFactorRestoreSchurComplement()`, `MatFactorCreateSchurComplement()`, `MatFactorSolveSchurComplement()`,
          `MatFactorSolveSchurComplementTranspose()`, `MatFactorSolveSchurComplement()`, `MATSOLVERMUMPS`, `MATSOLVERMKL_PARDISO`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatFactorSetSchurIS(Mat mat, IS is)
{
  PetscErrorCode (*f)(Mat, IS);

  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidType(mat, 1);
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(mat, MAT_CLASSID, 1);
  PetscValidType(is, 2);
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(is, IS_CLASSID, 2);
  PetscCheckSameComm(mat, 1, is, 2);
  PetscCheck(mat->factortype, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONGSTATE, "Only for factored matrix");
  PetscCall(PetscObjectQueryFunction((PetscObject)mat, "MatFactorSetSchurIS_C", &f));
  PetscCheck(f, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_SUP, "The selected MatSolverType does not support Schur complement computation. You should use MATSOLVERMUMPS or MATSOLVERMKL_PARDISO");
  PetscCall(MatDestroy(&mat->schur));
  PetscCall((*f)(mat, is));
  PetscCheck(mat->schur, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_PLIB, "Schur complement has not been created");
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@
  MatFactorCreateSchurComplement - Create a Schur complement matrix object using Schur data computed during the factorization step

   Logically Collective

   Input Parameters:
+  F - the factored matrix obtained by calling `MatGetFactor()`
.  S - location where to return the Schur complement, can be `NULL`
-  status - the status of the Schur complement matrix, can be `NULL`

   Level: advanced

   Notes:
   You must call `MatFactorSetSchurIS()` before calling this routine.

   This functionality is only supported for `MATSOLVERMUMPS` and `MATSOLVERMKL_PARDISO`

   The routine provides a copy of the Schur matrix stored within the solver data structures.
   The caller must destroy the object when it is no longer needed.
   If `MatFactorInvertSchurComplement()` has been called, the routine gets back the inverse.

   Use `MatFactorGetSchurComplement()` to get access to the Schur complement matrix inside the factored matrix instead of making a copy of it (which this function does)

   See `MatCreateSchurComplement()` or `MatGetSchurComplement()` for ways to create virtual or approximate Schur complements.

   Developer Note:
    The reason this routine exists is because the representation of the Schur complement within the factor matrix may be different than a standard PETSc
   matrix representation and we normally do not want to use the time or memory to make a copy as a regular PETSc matrix.

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `MatGetFactor()`, `MatFactorSetSchurIS()`, `MatFactorGetSchurComplement()`, `MatFactorSchurStatus`, `MATSOLVERMUMPS`, `MATSOLVERMKL_PARDISO`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatFactorCreateSchurComplement(Mat F, Mat *S, MatFactorSchurStatus *status)
{
  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(F, MAT_CLASSID, 1);
  if (S) PetscValidPointer(S, 2);
  if (status) PetscValidPointer(status, 3);
  if (S) {
    PetscErrorCode (*f)(Mat, Mat *);

    PetscCall(PetscObjectQueryFunction((PetscObject)F, "MatFactorCreateSchurComplement_C", &f));
    if (f) {
      PetscCall((*f)(F, S));
    } else {
      PetscCall(MatDuplicate(F->schur, MAT_COPY_VALUES, S));
    }
  }
  if (status) *status = F->schur_status;
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@
  MatFactorGetSchurComplement - Gets access to a Schur complement matrix using the current Schur data within a factored matrix

   Logically Collective

   Input Parameters:
+  F - the factored matrix obtained by calling `MatGetFactor()`
.  *S - location where to return the Schur complement, can be `NULL`
-  status - the status of the Schur complement matrix, can be `NULL`

   Level: advanced

   Notes:
   You must call `MatFactorSetSchurIS()` before calling this routine.

   Schur complement mode is currently implemented for sequential matrices with factor type of `MATSOLVERMUMPS`

   The routine returns a the Schur Complement stored within the data structures of the solver.

   If `MatFactorInvertSchurComplement()` has previously been called, the returned matrix is actually the inverse of the Schur complement.

   The returned matrix should not be destroyed; the caller should call `MatFactorRestoreSchurComplement()` when the object is no longer needed.

   Use `MatFactorCreateSchurComplement()` to create a copy of the Schur complement matrix that is within a factored matrix

   See `MatCreateSchurComplement()` or `MatGetSchurComplement()` for ways to create virtual or approximate Schur complements.

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `MatGetFactor()`, `MatFactorSetSchurIS()`, `MatFactorRestoreSchurComplement()`, `MatFactorCreateSchurComplement()`, `MatFactorSchurStatus`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatFactorGetSchurComplement(Mat F, Mat *S, MatFactorSchurStatus *status)
{
  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(F, MAT_CLASSID, 1);
  if (S) PetscValidPointer(S, 2);
  if (status) PetscValidPointer(status, 3);
  if (S) *S = F->schur;
  if (status) *status = F->schur_status;
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

static PetscErrorCode MatFactorUpdateSchurStatus_Private(Mat F)
{
  Mat S = F->schur;

  PetscFunctionBegin;
  switch (F->schur_status) {
  case MAT_FACTOR_SCHUR_UNFACTORED: // fall-through
  case MAT_FACTOR_SCHUR_INVERTED:
    if (S) {
      S->ops->solve             = NULL;
      S->ops->matsolve          = NULL;
      S->ops->solvetranspose    = NULL;
      S->ops->matsolvetranspose = NULL;
      S->ops->solveadd          = NULL;
      S->ops->solvetransposeadd = NULL;
      S->factortype             = MAT_FACTOR_NONE;
      PetscCall(PetscFree(S->solvertype));
    }
  case MAT_FACTOR_SCHUR_FACTORED: // fall-through
    break;
  default:
    SETERRQ(PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)F), PETSC_ERR_SUP, "Unhandled MatFactorSchurStatus %d", F->schur_status);
  }
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@
  MatFactorRestoreSchurComplement - Restore the Schur complement matrix object obtained from a call to `MatFactorGetSchurComplement()`

   Logically Collective

   Input Parameters:
+  F - the factored matrix obtained by calling `MatGetFactor()`
.  *S - location where the Schur complement is stored
-  status - the status of the Schur complement matrix (see `MatFactorSchurStatus`)

   Level: advanced

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `MatGetFactor()`, `MatFactorSetSchurIS()`, `MatFactorRestoreSchurComplement()`, `MatFactorCreateSchurComplement()`, `MatFactorSchurStatus`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatFactorRestoreSchurComplement(Mat F, Mat *S, MatFactorSchurStatus status)
{
  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(F, MAT_CLASSID, 1);
  if (S) {
    PetscValidHeaderSpecific(*S, MAT_CLASSID, 2);
    *S = NULL;
  }
  F->schur_status = status;
  PetscCall(MatFactorUpdateSchurStatus_Private(F));
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@
  MatFactorSolveSchurComplementTranspose - Solve the transpose of the Schur complement system computed during the factorization step

   Logically Collective

   Input Parameters:
+  F - the factored matrix obtained by calling `MatGetFactor()`
.  rhs - location where the right hand side of the Schur complement system is stored
-  sol - location where the solution of the Schur complement system has to be returned

   Level: advanced

   Notes:
   The sizes of the vectors should match the size of the Schur complement

   Must be called after `MatFactorSetSchurIS()`

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `MatGetFactor()`, `MatFactorSetSchurIS()`, `MatFactorSolveSchurComplement()`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatFactorSolveSchurComplementTranspose(Mat F, Vec rhs, Vec sol)
{
  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidType(F, 1);
  PetscValidType(rhs, 2);
  PetscValidType(sol, 3);
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(F, MAT_CLASSID, 1);
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(rhs, VEC_CLASSID, 2);
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(sol, VEC_CLASSID, 3);
  PetscCheckSameComm(F, 1, rhs, 2);
  PetscCheckSameComm(F, 1, sol, 3);
  PetscCall(MatFactorFactorizeSchurComplement(F));
  switch (F->schur_status) {
  case MAT_FACTOR_SCHUR_FACTORED:
    PetscCall(MatSolveTranspose(F->schur, rhs, sol));
    break;
  case MAT_FACTOR_SCHUR_INVERTED:
    PetscCall(MatMultTranspose(F->schur, rhs, sol));
    break;
  default:
    SETERRQ(PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)F), PETSC_ERR_SUP, "Unhandled MatFactorSchurStatus %d", F->schur_status);
  }
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@
  MatFactorSolveSchurComplement - Solve the Schur complement system computed during the factorization step

   Logically Collective

   Input Parameters:
+  F - the factored matrix obtained by calling `MatGetFactor()`
.  rhs - location where the right hand side of the Schur complement system is stored
-  sol - location where the solution of the Schur complement system has to be returned

   Level: advanced

   Notes:
   The sizes of the vectors should match the size of the Schur complement

   Must be called after `MatFactorSetSchurIS()`

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `MatGetFactor()`, `MatFactorSetSchurIS()`, `MatFactorSolveSchurComplementTranspose()`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatFactorSolveSchurComplement(Mat F, Vec rhs, Vec sol)
{
  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidType(F, 1);
  PetscValidType(rhs, 2);
  PetscValidType(sol, 3);
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(F, MAT_CLASSID, 1);
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(rhs, VEC_CLASSID, 2);
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(sol, VEC_CLASSID, 3);
  PetscCheckSameComm(F, 1, rhs, 2);
  PetscCheckSameComm(F, 1, sol, 3);
  PetscCall(MatFactorFactorizeSchurComplement(F));
  switch (F->schur_status) {
  case MAT_FACTOR_SCHUR_FACTORED:
    PetscCall(MatSolve(F->schur, rhs, sol));
    break;
  case MAT_FACTOR_SCHUR_INVERTED:
    PetscCall(MatMult(F->schur, rhs, sol));
    break;
  default:
    SETERRQ(PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)F), PETSC_ERR_SUP, "Unhandled MatFactorSchurStatus %d", F->schur_status);
  }
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

PETSC_EXTERN PetscErrorCode MatSeqDenseInvertFactors_Private(Mat);
#if PetscDefined(HAVE_CUDA)
PETSC_EXTERN PetscErrorCode MatSeqDenseCUDAInvertFactors_Private(Mat);
#endif

/* Schur status updated in the interface */
static PetscErrorCode MatFactorInvertSchurComplement_Private(Mat F)
{
  Mat S = F->schur;

  PetscFunctionBegin;
  if (S) {
    PetscMPIInt size;
    PetscBool   isdense, isdensecuda;

    PetscCallMPI(MPI_Comm_size(PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)S), &size));
    PetscCheck(size <= 1, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)S), PETSC_ERR_SUP, "Not yet implemented");
    PetscCall(PetscObjectTypeCompare((PetscObject)S, MATSEQDENSE, &isdense));
    PetscCall(PetscObjectTypeCompare((PetscObject)S, MATSEQDENSECUDA, &isdensecuda));
    PetscCheck(isdense || isdensecuda, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)S), PETSC_ERR_SUP, "Not implemented for type %s", ((PetscObject)S)->type_name);
    PetscCall(PetscLogEventBegin(MAT_FactorInvS, F, 0, 0, 0));
    if (isdense) {
      PetscCall(MatSeqDenseInvertFactors_Private(S));
    } else if (isdensecuda) {
#if defined(PETSC_HAVE_CUDA)
      PetscCall(MatSeqDenseCUDAInvertFactors_Private(S));
#endif
    }
    PetscCall(PetscLogEventEnd(MAT_FactorInvS, F, 0, 0, 0));
  }
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@
  MatFactorInvertSchurComplement - Invert the Schur complement matrix computed during the factorization step

   Logically Collective

   Input Parameters:
.  F - the factored matrix obtained by calling `MatGetFactor()`

   Level: advanced

   Notes:
    Must be called after `MatFactorSetSchurIS()`.

   Call `MatFactorGetSchurComplement()` or  `MatFactorCreateSchurComplement()` AFTER this call to actually compute the inverse and get access to it.

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `MatGetFactor()`, `MatFactorSetSchurIS()`, `MatFactorGetSchurComplement()`, `MatFactorCreateSchurComplement()`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatFactorInvertSchurComplement(Mat F)
{
  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidType(F, 1);
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(F, MAT_CLASSID, 1);
  if (F->schur_status == MAT_FACTOR_SCHUR_INVERTED) PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
  PetscCall(MatFactorFactorizeSchurComplement(F));
  PetscCall(MatFactorInvertSchurComplement_Private(F));
  F->schur_status = MAT_FACTOR_SCHUR_INVERTED;
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@
  MatFactorFactorizeSchurComplement - Factorize the Schur complement matrix computed during the factorization step

   Logically Collective

   Input Parameters:
.  F - the factored matrix obtained by calling `MatGetFactor()`

   Level: advanced

   Note:
    Must be called after `MatFactorSetSchurIS()`

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `MatGetFactor()`, `MatFactorSetSchurIS()`, `MatFactorInvertSchurComplement()`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatFactorFactorizeSchurComplement(Mat F)
{
  MatFactorInfo info;

  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidType(F, 1);
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(F, MAT_CLASSID, 1);
  if (F->schur_status == MAT_FACTOR_SCHUR_INVERTED || F->schur_status == MAT_FACTOR_SCHUR_FACTORED) PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
  PetscCall(PetscLogEventBegin(MAT_FactorFactS, F, 0, 0, 0));
  if (F->factortype == MAT_FACTOR_CHOLESKY) { /* LDL^t regarded as Cholesky */
    PetscCall(MatCholeskyFactor(F->schur, NULL, &info));
  } else {
    PetscCall(MatLUFactor(F->schur, NULL, NULL, &info));
  }
  PetscCall(PetscLogEventEnd(MAT_FactorFactS, F, 0, 0, 0));
  F->schur_status = MAT_FACTOR_SCHUR_FACTORED;
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@
   MatPtAP - Creates the matrix product C = P^T * A * P

   Neighbor-wise Collective

   Input Parameters:
+  A - the matrix
.  P - the projection matrix
.  scall - either `MAT_INITIAL_MATRIX` or `MAT_REUSE_MATRIX`
-  fill - expected fill as ratio of nnz(C)/(nnz(A) + nnz(P)), use `PETSC_DEFAULT` if you do not have a good estimate
          if the result is a dense matrix this is irrelevant

   Output Parameters:
.  C - the product matrix

   Level: intermediate

   Notes:
   C will be created and must be destroyed by the user with `MatDestroy()`.

   An alternative approach to this function is to use `MatProductCreate()` and set the desired options before the computation is done

   Developer Note:
   For matrix types without special implementation the function fallbacks to `MatMatMult()` followed by `MatTransposeMatMult()`.

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `MatProductCreate()`, `MatMatMult()`, `MatRARt()`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatPtAP(Mat A, Mat P, MatReuse scall, PetscReal fill, Mat *C)
{
  PetscFunctionBegin;
  if (scall == MAT_REUSE_MATRIX) MatCheckProduct(*C, 5);
  PetscCheck(scall != MAT_INPLACE_MATRIX, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)A), PETSC_ERR_SUP, "Inplace product not supported");

  if (scall == MAT_INITIAL_MATRIX) {
    PetscCall(MatProductCreate(A, P, NULL, C));
    PetscCall(MatProductSetType(*C, MATPRODUCT_PtAP));
    PetscCall(MatProductSetAlgorithm(*C, "default"));
    PetscCall(MatProductSetFill(*C, fill));

    (*C)->product->api_user = PETSC_TRUE;
    PetscCall(MatProductSetFromOptions(*C));
    PetscCheck((*C)->ops->productsymbolic, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)(*C)), PETSC_ERR_SUP, "MatProduct %s not supported for A %s and P %s", MatProductTypes[MATPRODUCT_PtAP], ((PetscObject)A)->type_name, ((PetscObject)P)->type_name);
    PetscCall(MatProductSymbolic(*C));
  } else { /* scall == MAT_REUSE_MATRIX */
    PetscCall(MatProductReplaceMats(A, P, NULL, *C));
  }

  PetscCall(MatProductNumeric(*C));
  (*C)->symmetric = A->symmetric;
  (*C)->spd       = A->spd;
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@
   MatRARt - Creates the matrix product C = R * A * R^T

   Neighbor-wise Collective

   Input Parameters:
+  A - the matrix
.  R - the projection matrix
.  scall - either `MAT_INITIAL_MATRIX` or `MAT_REUSE_MATRIX`
-  fill - expected fill as ratio of nnz(C)/nnz(A), use `PETSC_DEFAULT` if you do not have a good estimate
          if the result is a dense matrix this is irrelevant

   Output Parameters:
.  C - the product matrix

   Level: intermediate

   Notes:
   C will be created and must be destroyed by the user with `MatDestroy()`.

   An alternative approach to this function is to use `MatProductCreate()` and set the desired options before the computation is done

   This routine is currently only implemented for pairs of `MATAIJ` matrices and classes
   which inherit from `MATAIJ`. Due to PETSc sparse matrix block row distribution among processes,
   parallel MatRARt is implemented via explicit transpose of R, which could be very expensive.
   We recommend using MatPtAP().

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `MatProductCreate()`, `MatMatMult()`, `MatPtAP()`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatRARt(Mat A, Mat R, MatReuse scall, PetscReal fill, Mat *C)
{
  PetscFunctionBegin;
  if (scall == MAT_REUSE_MATRIX) MatCheckProduct(*C, 5);
  PetscCheck(scall != MAT_INPLACE_MATRIX, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)A), PETSC_ERR_SUP, "Inplace product not supported");

  if (scall == MAT_INITIAL_MATRIX) {
    PetscCall(MatProductCreate(A, R, NULL, C));
    PetscCall(MatProductSetType(*C, MATPRODUCT_RARt));
    PetscCall(MatProductSetAlgorithm(*C, "default"));
    PetscCall(MatProductSetFill(*C, fill));

    (*C)->product->api_user = PETSC_TRUE;
    PetscCall(MatProductSetFromOptions(*C));
    PetscCheck((*C)->ops->productsymbolic, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)(*C)), PETSC_ERR_SUP, "MatProduct %s not supported for A %s and R %s", MatProductTypes[MATPRODUCT_RARt], ((PetscObject)A)->type_name, ((PetscObject)R)->type_name);
    PetscCall(MatProductSymbolic(*C));
  } else { /* scall == MAT_REUSE_MATRIX */
    PetscCall(MatProductReplaceMats(A, R, NULL, *C));
  }

  PetscCall(MatProductNumeric(*C));
  if (A->symmetric == PETSC_BOOL3_TRUE) PetscCall(MatSetOption(*C, MAT_SYMMETRIC, PETSC_TRUE));
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

static PetscErrorCode MatProduct_Private(Mat A, Mat B, MatReuse scall, PetscReal fill, MatProductType ptype, Mat *C)
{
  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscCheck(scall != MAT_INPLACE_MATRIX, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)A), PETSC_ERR_SUP, "Inplace product not supported");

  if (scall == MAT_INITIAL_MATRIX) {
    PetscCall(PetscInfo(A, "Calling MatProduct API with MAT_INITIAL_MATRIX and product type %s\n", MatProductTypes[ptype]));
    PetscCall(MatProductCreate(A, B, NULL, C));
    PetscCall(MatProductSetType(*C, ptype));
    PetscCall(MatProductSetAlgorithm(*C, MATPRODUCTALGORITHMDEFAULT));
    PetscCall(MatProductSetFill(*C, fill));

    (*C)->product->api_user = PETSC_TRUE;
    PetscCall(MatProductSetFromOptions(*C));
    PetscCall(MatProductSymbolic(*C));
  } else { /* scall == MAT_REUSE_MATRIX */
    Mat_Product *product = (*C)->product;
    PetscBool    isdense;

    PetscCall(PetscObjectBaseTypeCompareAny((PetscObject)(*C), &isdense, MATSEQDENSE, MATMPIDENSE, ""));
    if (isdense && product && product->type != ptype) {
      PetscCall(MatProductClear(*C));
      product = NULL;
    }
    PetscCall(PetscInfo(A, "Calling MatProduct API with MAT_REUSE_MATRIX %s product present and product type %s\n", product ? "with" : "without", MatProductTypes[ptype]));
    if (!product) { /* user provide the dense matrix *C without calling MatProductCreate() or reusing it from previous calls */
      PetscCheck(isdense, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)(*C)), PETSC_ERR_SUP, "Call MatProductCreate() first");
      PetscCall(MatProductCreate_Private(A, B, NULL, *C));
      product           = (*C)->product;
      product->fill     = fill;
      product->api_user = PETSC_TRUE;
      product->clear    = PETSC_TRUE;

      PetscCall(MatProductSetType(*C, ptype));
      PetscCall(MatProductSetFromOptions(*C));
      PetscCheck((*C)->ops->productsymbolic, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)(*C)), PETSC_ERR_SUP, "MatProduct %s not supported for %s and %s", MatProductTypes[ptype], ((PetscObject)A)->type_name, ((PetscObject)B)->type_name);
      PetscCall(MatProductSymbolic(*C));
    } else { /* user may change input matrices A or B when REUSE */
      PetscCall(MatProductReplaceMats(A, B, NULL, *C));
    }
  }
  PetscCall(MatProductNumeric(*C));
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@
   MatMatMult - Performs matrix-matrix multiplication C=A*B.

   Neighbor-wise Collective

   Input Parameters:
+  A - the left matrix
.  B - the right matrix
.  scall - either `MAT_INITIAL_MATRIX` or `MAT_REUSE_MATRIX`
-  fill - expected fill as ratio of nnz(C)/(nnz(A) + nnz(B)), use `PETSC_DEFAULT` if you do not have a good estimate
          if the result is a dense matrix this is irrelevant

   Output Parameters:
.  C - the product matrix

   Notes:
   Unless scall is `MAT_REUSE_MATRIX` C will be created.

   `MAT_REUSE_MATRIX` can only be used if the matrices A and B have the same nonzero pattern as in the previous call and C was obtained from a previous
   call to this function with `MAT_INITIAL_MATRIX`.

   To determine the correct fill value, run with -info and search for the string "Fill ratio" to see the value actually needed.

   In the special case where matrix B (and hence C) are dense you can create the correctly sized matrix C yourself and then call this routine with `MAT_REUSE_MATRIX`,
   rather than first having `MatMatMult()` create it for you. You can NEVER do this if the matrix C is sparse.

   Example of Usage:
.vb
     MatProductCreate(A,B,NULL,&C);
     MatProductSetType(C,MATPRODUCT_AB);
     MatProductSymbolic(C);
     MatProductNumeric(C); // compute C=A * B
     MatProductReplaceMats(A1,B1,NULL,C); // compute C=A1 * B1
     MatProductNumeric(C);
     MatProductReplaceMats(A2,NULL,NULL,C); // compute C=A2 * B1
     MatProductNumeric(C);
.ve

   Level: intermediate

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `MatProductType`, `MATPRODUCT_AB`, `MatTransposeMatMult()`, `MatMatTransposeMult()`, `MatPtAP()`, `MatProductCreate()`, `MatProductSymbolic()`, `MatProductReplaceMats()`, `MatProductNumeric()`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatMatMult(Mat A, Mat B, MatReuse scall, PetscReal fill, Mat *C)
{
  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscCall(MatProduct_Private(A, B, scall, fill, MATPRODUCT_AB, C));
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@
   MatMatTransposeMult - Performs matrix-matrix multiplication C=A*B^T.

   Neighbor-wise Collective

   Input Parameters:
+  A - the left matrix
.  B - the right matrix
.  scall - either `MAT_INITIAL_MATRIX` or `MAT_REUSE_MATRIX`
-  fill - expected fill as ratio of nnz(C)/(nnz(A) + nnz(B)), use `PETSC_DEFAULT` if not known

   Output Parameters:
.  C - the product matrix

   Level: intermediate

   Notes:
   C will be created if `MAT_INITIAL_MATRIX` and must be destroyed by the user with `MatDestroy()`.

   `MAT_REUSE_MATRIX` can only be used if the matrices A and B have the same nonzero pattern as in the previous call

   To determine the correct fill value, run with -info and search for the string "Fill ratio" to see the value
   actually needed.

   This routine is currently only implemented for pairs of `MATSEQAIJ` matrices, for the `MATSEQDENSE` class,
   and for pairs of `MATMPIDENSE` matrices.

   This routine is shorthand for using `MatProductCreate()` with the `MatProductType` of `MATPRODUCT_ABt`

   Options Database Keys:
.  -matmattransmult_mpidense_mpidense_via {allgatherv,cyclic} - Choose between algorithms for `MATMPIDENSE` matrices: the
              first redundantly copies the transposed B matrix on each process and requiers O(log P) communication complexity;
              the second never stores more than one portion of the B matrix at a time by requires O(P) communication complexity.

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `MatProductCreate()`, `MATPRODUCT_ABt`, `MatMatMult()`, `MatTransposeMatMult()` `MatPtAP()`, `MatProductCreate()`, `MatProductAlgorithm`, `MatProductType`, `MATPRODUCT_ABt`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatMatTransposeMult(Mat A, Mat B, MatReuse scall, PetscReal fill, Mat *C)
{
  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscCall(MatProduct_Private(A, B, scall, fill, MATPRODUCT_ABt, C));
  if (A == B) PetscCall(MatSetOption(*C, MAT_SYMMETRIC, PETSC_TRUE));
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@
   MatTransposeMatMult - Performs matrix-matrix multiplication C=A^T*B.

   Neighbor-wise Collective

   Input Parameters:
+  A - the left matrix
.  B - the right matrix
.  scall - either `MAT_INITIAL_MATRIX` or `MAT_REUSE_MATRIX`
-  fill - expected fill as ratio of nnz(C)/(nnz(A) + nnz(B)), use `PETSC_DEFAULT` if not known

   Output Parameters:
.  C - the product matrix

   Level: intermediate

   Notes:
   C will be created if `MAT_INITIAL_MATRIX` and must be destroyed by the user with `MatDestroy()`.

   `MAT_REUSE_MATRIX` can only be used if the matrices A and B have the same nonzero pattern as in the previous call.

   This routine is shorthand for using `MatProductCreate()` with the `MatProductType` of `MATPRODUCT_AtB`

   To determine the correct fill value, run with -info and search for the string "Fill ratio" to see the value
   actually needed.

   This routine is currently implemented for pairs of `MATAIJ` matrices and pairs of `MATSEQDENSE` matrices and classes
   which inherit from `MATSEQAIJ`.  C will be of the same type as the input matrices.

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `MatProductCreate()`, `MATPRODUCT_AtB`, `MatMatMult()`, `MatMatTransposeMult()`, `MatPtAP()`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatTransposeMatMult(Mat A, Mat B, MatReuse scall, PetscReal fill, Mat *C)
{
  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscCall(MatProduct_Private(A, B, scall, fill, MATPRODUCT_AtB, C));
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@
   MatMatMatMult - Performs matrix-matrix-matrix multiplication D=A*B*C.

   Neighbor-wise Collective

   Input Parameters:
+  A - the left matrix
.  B - the middle matrix
.  C - the right matrix
.  scall - either `MAT_INITIAL_MATRIX` or `MAT_REUSE_MATRIX`
-  fill - expected fill as ratio of nnz(D)/(nnz(A) + nnz(B)+nnz(C)), use `PETSC_DEFAULT` if you do not have a good estimate
          if the result is a dense matrix this is irrelevant

   Output Parameters:
.  D - the product matrix

   Level: intermediate

   Notes:
   Unless scall is `MAT_REUSE_MATRIX` D will be created.

   `MAT_REUSE_MATRIX` can only be used if the matrices A, B and C have the same nonzero pattern as in the previous call

   This routine is shorthand for using `MatProductCreate()` with the `MatProductType` of `MATPRODUCT_ABC`

   To determine the correct fill value, run with -info and search for the string "Fill ratio" to see the value
   actually needed.

   If you have many matrices with the same non-zero structure to multiply, you
   should use `MAT_REUSE_MATRIX` in all calls but the first

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `MatProductCreate()`, `MATPRODUCT_ABC`, `MatMatMult`, `MatPtAP()`, `MatMatTransposeMult()`, `MatTransposeMatMult()`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatMatMatMult(Mat A, Mat B, Mat C, MatReuse scall, PetscReal fill, Mat *D)
{
  PetscFunctionBegin;
  if (scall == MAT_REUSE_MATRIX) MatCheckProduct(*D, 6);
  PetscCheck(scall != MAT_INPLACE_MATRIX, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)A), PETSC_ERR_SUP, "Inplace product not supported");

  if (scall == MAT_INITIAL_MATRIX) {
    PetscCall(MatProductCreate(A, B, C, D));
    PetscCall(MatProductSetType(*D, MATPRODUCT_ABC));
    PetscCall(MatProductSetAlgorithm(*D, "default"));
    PetscCall(MatProductSetFill(*D, fill));

    (*D)->product->api_user = PETSC_TRUE;
    PetscCall(MatProductSetFromOptions(*D));
    PetscCheck((*D)->ops->productsymbolic, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)(*D)), PETSC_ERR_SUP, "MatProduct %s not supported for A %s, B %s and C %s", MatProductTypes[MATPRODUCT_ABC], ((PetscObject)A)->type_name, ((PetscObject)B)->type_name,
               ((PetscObject)C)->type_name);
    PetscCall(MatProductSymbolic(*D));
  } else { /* user may change input matrices when REUSE */
    PetscCall(MatProductReplaceMats(A, B, C, *D));
  }
  PetscCall(MatProductNumeric(*D));
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@
   MatCreateRedundantMatrix - Create redundant matrices and put them into processors of subcommunicators.

   Collective

   Input Parameters:
+  mat - the matrix
.  nsubcomm - the number of subcommunicators (= number of redundant parallel or sequential matrices)
.  subcomm - MPI communicator split from the communicator where mat resides in (or `MPI_COMM_NULL` if nsubcomm is used)
-  reuse - either `MAT_INITIAL_MATRIX` or `MAT_REUSE_MATRIX`

   Output Parameter:
.  matredundant - redundant matrix

   Level: advanced

   Notes:
   `MAT_REUSE_MATRIX` can only be used when the nonzero structure of the
   original matrix has not changed from that last call to MatCreateRedundantMatrix().

   This routine creates the duplicated matrices in the subcommunicators; you should NOT create them before
   calling it.

   `PetscSubcommCreate()` can be used to manage the creation of the subcomm but need not be.

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `MatDestroy()`, `PetscSubcommCreate()`, `PetscSubComm`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatCreateRedundantMatrix(Mat mat, PetscInt nsubcomm, MPI_Comm subcomm, MatReuse reuse, Mat *matredundant)
{
  MPI_Comm       comm;
  PetscMPIInt    size;
  PetscInt       mloc_sub, nloc_sub, rstart, rend, M = mat->rmap->N, N = mat->cmap->N, bs = mat->rmap->bs;
  Mat_Redundant *redund     = NULL;
  PetscSubcomm   psubcomm   = NULL;
  MPI_Comm       subcomm_in = subcomm;
  Mat           *matseq;
  IS             isrow, iscol;
  PetscBool      newsubcomm = PETSC_FALSE;

  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(mat, MAT_CLASSID, 1);
  if (nsubcomm && reuse == MAT_REUSE_MATRIX) {
    PetscValidPointer(*matredundant, 5);
    PetscValidHeaderSpecific(*matredundant, MAT_CLASSID, 5);
  }

  PetscCallMPI(MPI_Comm_size(PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), &size));
  if (size == 1 || nsubcomm == 1) {
    if (reuse == MAT_INITIAL_MATRIX) {
      PetscCall(MatDuplicate(mat, MAT_COPY_VALUES, matredundant));
    } else {
      PetscCheck(*matredundant != mat, PETSC_COMM_SELF, PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONG, "MAT_REUSE_MATRIX means reuse the matrix passed in as the final argument, not the original matrix");
      PetscCall(MatCopy(mat, *matredundant, SAME_NONZERO_PATTERN));
    }
    PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
  }

  PetscCheck(mat->assembled, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONGSTATE, "Not for unassembled matrix");
  PetscCheck(!mat->factortype, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONGSTATE, "Not for factored matrix");
  MatCheckPreallocated(mat, 1);

  PetscCall(PetscLogEventBegin(MAT_RedundantMat, mat, 0, 0, 0));
  if (subcomm_in == MPI_COMM_NULL && reuse == MAT_INITIAL_MATRIX) { /* get subcomm if user does not provide subcomm */
    /* create psubcomm, then get subcomm */
    PetscCall(PetscObjectGetComm((PetscObject)mat, &comm));
    PetscCallMPI(MPI_Comm_size(comm, &size));
    PetscCheck(nsubcomm >= 1 && nsubcomm <= size, PETSC_COMM_SELF, PETSC_ERR_ARG_SIZ, "nsubcomm must between 1 and %d", size);

    PetscCall(PetscSubcommCreate(comm, &psubcomm));
    PetscCall(PetscSubcommSetNumber(psubcomm, nsubcomm));
    PetscCall(PetscSubcommSetType(psubcomm, PETSC_SUBCOMM_CONTIGUOUS));
    PetscCall(PetscSubcommSetFromOptions(psubcomm));
    PetscCall(PetscCommDuplicate(PetscSubcommChild(psubcomm), &subcomm, NULL));
    newsubcomm = PETSC_TRUE;
    PetscCall(PetscSubcommDestroy(&psubcomm));
  }

  /* get isrow, iscol and a local sequential matrix matseq[0] */
  if (reuse == MAT_INITIAL_MATRIX) {
    mloc_sub = PETSC_DECIDE;
    nloc_sub = PETSC_DECIDE;
    if (bs < 1) {
      PetscCall(PetscSplitOwnership(subcomm, &mloc_sub, &M));
      PetscCall(PetscSplitOwnership(subcomm, &nloc_sub, &N));
    } else {
      PetscCall(PetscSplitOwnershipBlock(subcomm, bs, &mloc_sub, &M));
      PetscCall(PetscSplitOwnershipBlock(subcomm, bs, &nloc_sub, &N));
    }
    PetscCallMPI(MPI_Scan(&mloc_sub, &rend, 1, MPIU_INT, MPI_SUM, subcomm));
    rstart = rend - mloc_sub;
    PetscCall(ISCreateStride(PETSC_COMM_SELF, mloc_sub, rstart, 1, &isrow));
    PetscCall(ISCreateStride(PETSC_COMM_SELF, N, 0, 1, &iscol));
  } else { /* reuse == MAT_REUSE_MATRIX */
    PetscCheck(*matredundant != mat, PETSC_COMM_SELF, PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONG, "MAT_REUSE_MATRIX means reuse the matrix passed in as the final argument, not the original matrix");
    /* retrieve subcomm */
    PetscCall(PetscObjectGetComm((PetscObject)(*matredundant), &subcomm));
    redund = (*matredundant)->redundant;
    isrow  = redund->isrow;
    iscol  = redund->iscol;
    matseq = redund->matseq;
  }
  PetscCall(MatCreateSubMatrices(mat, 1, &isrow, &iscol, reuse, &matseq));

  /* get matredundant over subcomm */
  if (reuse == MAT_INITIAL_MATRIX) {
    PetscCall(MatCreateMPIMatConcatenateSeqMat(subcomm, matseq[0], nloc_sub, reuse, matredundant));

    /* create a supporting struct and attach it to C for reuse */
    PetscCall(PetscNew(&redund));
    (*matredundant)->redundant = redund;
    redund->isrow              = isrow;
    redund->iscol              = iscol;
    redund->matseq             = matseq;
    if (newsubcomm) {
      redund->subcomm = subcomm;
    } else {
      redund->subcomm = MPI_COMM_NULL;
    }
  } else {
    PetscCall(MatCreateMPIMatConcatenateSeqMat(subcomm, matseq[0], PETSC_DECIDE, reuse, matredundant));
  }
#if defined(PETSC_HAVE_VIENNACL) || defined(PETSC_HAVE_CUDA) || defined(PETSC_HAVE_HIP)
  if (matseq[0]->boundtocpu && matseq[0]->bindingpropagates) {
    PetscCall(MatBindToCPU(*matredundant, PETSC_TRUE));
    PetscCall(MatSetBindingPropagates(*matredundant, PETSC_TRUE));
  }
#endif
  PetscCall(PetscLogEventEnd(MAT_RedundantMat, mat, 0, 0, 0));
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@C
   MatGetMultiProcBlock - Create multiple 'parallel submatrices' from
   a given `Mat`. Each submatrix can span multiple procs.

   Collective

   Input Parameters:
+  mat - the matrix
.  subcomm - the sub communicator obtained as if by `MPI_Comm_split(PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat))`
-  scall - either `MAT_INITIAL_MATRIX` or `MAT_REUSE_MATRIX`

   Output Parameter:
.  subMat - parallel sub-matrices each spanning a given `subcomm`

  Level: advanced

  Notes:
  The submatrix partition across processors is dictated by `subComm` a
  communicator obtained by `MPI_comm_split()` or via `PetscSubcommCreate()`. The `subComm`
  is not restricted to be grouped with consecutive original ranks.

  Due the `MPI_Comm_split()` usage, the parallel layout of the submatrices
  map directly to the layout of the original matrix [wrt the local
  row,col partitioning]. So the original 'DiagonalMat' naturally maps
  into the 'DiagonalMat' of the `subMat`, hence it is used directly from
  the `subMat`. However the offDiagMat looses some columns - and this is
  reconstructed with `MatSetValues()`

  This is used by `PCBJACOBI` when a single block spans multiple MPI ranks

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `MatCreateRedundantMatrix()`, `MatCreateSubMatrices()`, `PCBJACOBI`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatGetMultiProcBlock(Mat mat, MPI_Comm subComm, MatReuse scall, Mat *subMat)
{
  PetscMPIInt commsize, subCommSize;

  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscCallMPI(MPI_Comm_size(PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), &commsize));
  PetscCallMPI(MPI_Comm_size(subComm, &subCommSize));
  PetscCheck(subCommSize <= commsize, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_ARG_OUTOFRANGE, "CommSize %d < SubCommZize %d", commsize, subCommSize);

  PetscCheck(scall != MAT_REUSE_MATRIX || *subMat != mat, PETSC_COMM_SELF, PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONG, "MAT_REUSE_MATRIX means reuse the matrix passed in as the final argument, not the original matrix");
  PetscCall(PetscLogEventBegin(MAT_GetMultiProcBlock, mat, 0, 0, 0));
  PetscUseTypeMethod(mat, getmultiprocblock, subComm, scall, subMat);
  PetscCall(PetscLogEventEnd(MAT_GetMultiProcBlock, mat, 0, 0, 0));
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@
   MatGetLocalSubMatrix - Gets a reference to a submatrix specified in local numbering

   Not Collective

   Input Parameters:
+  mat - matrix to extract local submatrix from
.  isrow - local row indices for submatrix
-  iscol - local column indices for submatrix

   Output Parameter:
.  submat - the submatrix

   Level: intermediate

   Notes:
   `submat` should be disposed of with `MatRestoreLocalSubMatrix()`.

   Depending on the format of `mat`, the returned submat may not implement `MatMult()`.  Its communicator may be
   the same as mat, it may be `PETSC_COMM_SELF`, or some other subcomm of `mat`'s.

   `submat` always implements `MatSetValuesLocal()`.  If `isrow` and `iscol` have the same block size, then
   `MatSetValuesBlockedLocal()` will also be implemented.

   `mat` must have had a `ISLocalToGlobalMapping` provided to it with `MatSetLocalToGlobalMapping()`.
   Matrices obtained with `DMCreateMatrix()` generally already have the local to global mapping provided.

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `MatRestoreLocalSubMatrix()`, `MatCreateLocalRef()`, `MatSetLocalToGlobalMapping()`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatGetLocalSubMatrix(Mat mat, IS isrow, IS iscol, Mat *submat)
{
  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(mat, MAT_CLASSID, 1);
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(isrow, IS_CLASSID, 2);
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(iscol, IS_CLASSID, 3);
  PetscCheckSameComm(isrow, 2, iscol, 3);
  PetscValidPointer(submat, 4);
  PetscCheck(mat->rmap->mapping, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONGSTATE, "Matrix must have local to global mapping provided before this call");

  if (mat->ops->getlocalsubmatrix) {
    PetscUseTypeMethod(mat, getlocalsubmatrix, isrow, iscol, submat);
  } else {
    PetscCall(MatCreateLocalRef(mat, isrow, iscol, submat));
  }
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@
   MatRestoreLocalSubMatrix - Restores a reference to a submatrix specified in local numbering obtained with `MatGetLocalSubMatrix()`

   Not Collective

   Input Parameters:
+  mat - matrix to extract local submatrix from
.  isrow - local row indices for submatrix
.  iscol - local column indices for submatrix
-  submat - the submatrix

   Level: intermediate

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `MatGetLocalSubMatrix()`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatRestoreLocalSubMatrix(Mat mat, IS isrow, IS iscol, Mat *submat)
{
  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(mat, MAT_CLASSID, 1);
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(isrow, IS_CLASSID, 2);
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(iscol, IS_CLASSID, 3);
  PetscCheckSameComm(isrow, 2, iscol, 3);
  PetscValidPointer(submat, 4);
  if (*submat) PetscValidHeaderSpecific(*submat, MAT_CLASSID, 4);

  if (mat->ops->restorelocalsubmatrix) {
    PetscUseTypeMethod(mat, restorelocalsubmatrix, isrow, iscol, submat);
  } else {
    PetscCall(MatDestroy(submat));
  }
  *submat = NULL;
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@
   MatFindZeroDiagonals - Finds all the rows of a matrix that have zero or no diagonal entry in the matrix

   Collective

   Input Parameter:
.  mat - the matrix

   Output Parameter:
.  is - if any rows have zero diagonals this contains the list of them

   Level: developer

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `MatMultTranspose()`, `MatMultAdd()`, `MatMultTransposeAdd()`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatFindZeroDiagonals(Mat mat, IS *is)
{
  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(mat, MAT_CLASSID, 1);
  PetscValidType(mat, 1);
  PetscCheck(mat->assembled, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONGSTATE, "Not for unassembled matrix");
  PetscCheck(!mat->factortype, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONGSTATE, "Not for factored matrix");

  if (!mat->ops->findzerodiagonals) {
    Vec                diag;
    const PetscScalar *a;
    PetscInt          *rows;
    PetscInt           rStart, rEnd, r, nrow = 0;

    PetscCall(MatCreateVecs(mat, &diag, NULL));
    PetscCall(MatGetDiagonal(mat, diag));
    PetscCall(MatGetOwnershipRange(mat, &rStart, &rEnd));
    PetscCall(VecGetArrayRead(diag, &a));
    for (r = 0; r < rEnd - rStart; ++r)
      if (a[r] == 0.0) ++nrow;
    PetscCall(PetscMalloc1(nrow, &rows));
    nrow = 0;
    for (r = 0; r < rEnd - rStart; ++r)
      if (a[r] == 0.0) rows[nrow++] = r + rStart;
    PetscCall(VecRestoreArrayRead(diag, &a));
    PetscCall(VecDestroy(&diag));
    PetscCall(ISCreateGeneral(PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), nrow, rows, PETSC_OWN_POINTER, is));
  } else {
    PetscUseTypeMethod(mat, findzerodiagonals, is);
  }
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@
   MatFindOffBlockDiagonalEntries - Finds all the rows of a matrix that have entries outside of the main diagonal block (defined by the matrix block size)

   Collective

   Input Parameter:
.  mat - the matrix

   Output Parameter:
.  is - contains the list of rows with off block diagonal entries

   Level: developer

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `MatMultTranspose()`, `MatMultAdd()`, `MatMultTransposeAdd()`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatFindOffBlockDiagonalEntries(Mat mat, IS *is)
{
  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(mat, MAT_CLASSID, 1);
  PetscValidType(mat, 1);
  PetscCheck(mat->assembled, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONGSTATE, "Not for unassembled matrix");
  PetscCheck(!mat->factortype, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONGSTATE, "Not for factored matrix");

  PetscUseTypeMethod(mat, findoffblockdiagonalentries, is);
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@C
  MatInvertBlockDiagonal - Inverts the block diagonal entries.

  Collective; No Fortran Support

  Input Parameters:
. mat - the matrix

  Output Parameters:
. values - the block inverses in column major order (FORTRAN-like)

  Level: advanced

   Notes:
   The size of the blocks is determined by the block size of the matrix.

   The blocks never overlap between two MPI ranks, use `MatInvertVariableBlockEnvelope()` for that case

   The blocks all have the same size, use `MatInvertVariableBlockDiagonal()` for variable block size

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `MatInvertVariableBlockEnvelope()`, `MatInvertBlockDiagonalMat()`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatInvertBlockDiagonal(Mat mat, const PetscScalar **values)
{
  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(mat, MAT_CLASSID, 1);
  PetscCheck(mat->assembled, PETSC_COMM_SELF, PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONGSTATE, "Not for unassembled matrix");
  PetscCheck(!mat->factortype, PETSC_COMM_SELF, PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONGSTATE, "Not for factored matrix");
  PetscUseTypeMethod(mat, invertblockdiagonal, values);
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@C
  MatInvertVariableBlockDiagonal - Inverts the point block diagonal entries.

  Collective; No Fortran Support

  Input Parameters:
+ mat - the matrix
. nblocks - the number of blocks on the process, set with `MatSetVariableBlockSizes()`
- bsizes - the size of each block on the process, set with `MatSetVariableBlockSizes()`

  Output Parameters:
. values - the block inverses in column major order (FORTRAN-like)

  Level: advanced

  Notes:
  Use `MatInvertBlockDiagonal()` if all blocks have the same size

  The blocks never overlap between two MPI ranks, use `MatInvertVariableBlockEnvelope()` for that case

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `MatInvertBlockDiagonal()`, `MatSetVariableBlockSizes()`, `MatInvertVariableBlockEnvelope()`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatInvertVariableBlockDiagonal(Mat mat, PetscInt nblocks, const PetscInt *bsizes, PetscScalar *values)
{
  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(mat, MAT_CLASSID, 1);
  PetscCheck(mat->assembled, PETSC_COMM_SELF, PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONGSTATE, "Not for unassembled matrix");
  PetscCheck(!mat->factortype, PETSC_COMM_SELF, PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONGSTATE, "Not for factored matrix");
  PetscUseTypeMethod(mat, invertvariableblockdiagonal, nblocks, bsizes, values);
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@
  MatInvertBlockDiagonalMat - set the values of matrix C to be the inverted block diagonal of matrix A

  Collective

  Input Parameters:
+ A - the matrix
- C - matrix with inverted block diagonal of `A`.  This matrix should be created and may have its type set.

  Level: advanced

  Note:
  The blocksize of the matrix is used to determine the blocks on the diagonal of `C`

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `MatInvertBlockDiagonal()`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatInvertBlockDiagonalMat(Mat A, Mat C)
{
  const PetscScalar *vals;
  PetscInt          *dnnz;
  PetscInt           m, rstart, rend, bs, i, j;

  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscCall(MatInvertBlockDiagonal(A, &vals));
  PetscCall(MatGetBlockSize(A, &bs));
  PetscCall(MatGetLocalSize(A, &m, NULL));
  PetscCall(MatSetLayouts(C, A->rmap, A->cmap));
  PetscCall(PetscMalloc1(m / bs, &dnnz));
  for (j = 0; j < m / bs; j++) dnnz[j] = 1;
  PetscCall(MatXAIJSetPreallocation(C, bs, dnnz, NULL, NULL, NULL));
  PetscCall(PetscFree(dnnz));
  PetscCall(MatGetOwnershipRange(C, &rstart, &rend));
  PetscCall(MatSetOption(C, MAT_ROW_ORIENTED, PETSC_FALSE));
  for (i = rstart / bs; i < rend / bs; i++) PetscCall(MatSetValuesBlocked(C, 1, &i, 1, &i, &vals[(i - rstart / bs) * bs * bs], INSERT_VALUES));
  PetscCall(MatAssemblyBegin(C, MAT_FINAL_ASSEMBLY));
  PetscCall(MatAssemblyEnd(C, MAT_FINAL_ASSEMBLY));
  PetscCall(MatSetOption(C, MAT_ROW_ORIENTED, PETSC_TRUE));
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@C
    MatTransposeColoringDestroy - Destroys a coloring context for matrix product C=A*B^T that was created
    via `MatTransposeColoringCreate()`.

    Collective

    Input Parameter:
.   c - coloring context

    Level: intermediate

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `MatTransposeColoringCreate()`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatTransposeColoringDestroy(MatTransposeColoring *c)
{
  MatTransposeColoring matcolor = *c;

  PetscFunctionBegin;
  if (!matcolor) PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
  if (--((PetscObject)matcolor)->refct > 0) {
    matcolor = NULL;
    PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
  }

  PetscCall(PetscFree3(matcolor->ncolumns, matcolor->nrows, matcolor->colorforrow));
  PetscCall(PetscFree(matcolor->rows));
  PetscCall(PetscFree(matcolor->den2sp));
  PetscCall(PetscFree(matcolor->colorforcol));
  PetscCall(PetscFree(matcolor->columns));
  if (matcolor->brows > 0) PetscCall(PetscFree(matcolor->lstart));
  PetscCall(PetscHeaderDestroy(c));
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@C
    MatTransColoringApplySpToDen - Given a symbolic matrix product C=A*B^T for which
    a `MatTransposeColoring` context has been created, computes a dense B^T by applying
    `MatTransposeColoring` to sparse B.

    Collective

    Input Parameters:
+   B - sparse matrix B
.   Btdense - symbolic dense matrix B^T
-   coloring - coloring context created with `MatTransposeColoringCreate()`

    Output Parameter:
.   Btdense - dense matrix B^T

    Level: developer

    Note:
    These are used internally for some implementations of `MatRARt()`

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `MatTransposeColoringCreate()`, `MatTransposeColoringDestroy()`, `MatTransColoringApplyDenToSp()`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatTransColoringApplySpToDen(MatTransposeColoring coloring, Mat B, Mat Btdense)
{
  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(B, MAT_CLASSID, 2);
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(Btdense, MAT_CLASSID, 3);
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(coloring, MAT_TRANSPOSECOLORING_CLASSID, 1);

  PetscCall((B->ops->transcoloringapplysptoden)(coloring, B, Btdense));
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@C
    MatTransColoringApplyDenToSp - Given a symbolic matrix product Csp=A*B^T for which
    a `MatTransposeColoring` context has been created and a dense matrix Cden=A*Btdense
    in which Btdens is obtained from `MatTransColoringApplySpToDen()`, recover sparse matrix
    Csp from Cden.

    Collective

    Input Parameters:
+   coloring - coloring context created with `MatTransposeColoringCreate()`
-   Cden - matrix product of a sparse matrix and a dense matrix Btdense

    Output Parameter:
.   Csp - sparse matrix

    Level: developer

    Note:
    These are used internally for some implementations of `MatRARt()`

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `MatTransposeColoringCreate()`, `MatTransposeColoringDestroy()`, `MatTransColoringApplySpToDen()`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatTransColoringApplyDenToSp(MatTransposeColoring matcoloring, Mat Cden, Mat Csp)
{
  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(matcoloring, MAT_TRANSPOSECOLORING_CLASSID, 1);
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(Cden, MAT_CLASSID, 2);
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(Csp, MAT_CLASSID, 3);

  PetscCall((Csp->ops->transcoloringapplydentosp)(matcoloring, Cden, Csp));
  PetscCall(MatAssemblyBegin(Csp, MAT_FINAL_ASSEMBLY));
  PetscCall(MatAssemblyEnd(Csp, MAT_FINAL_ASSEMBLY));
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@C
   MatTransposeColoringCreate - Creates a matrix coloring context for the matrix product C=A*B^T.

   Collective

   Input Parameters:
+  mat - the matrix product C
-  iscoloring - the coloring of the matrix; usually obtained with `MatColoringCreate()` or `DMCreateColoring()`

    Output Parameter:
.   color - the new coloring context

    Level: intermediate

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `MatTransposeColoringDestroy()`, `MatTransColoringApplySpToDen()`,
          `MatTransColoringApplyDenToSp()`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatTransposeColoringCreate(Mat mat, ISColoring iscoloring, MatTransposeColoring *color)
{
  MatTransposeColoring c;
  MPI_Comm             comm;

  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscCall(PetscLogEventBegin(MAT_TransposeColoringCreate, mat, 0, 0, 0));
  PetscCall(PetscObjectGetComm((PetscObject)mat, &comm));
  PetscCall(PetscHeaderCreate(c, MAT_TRANSPOSECOLORING_CLASSID, "MatTransposeColoring", "Matrix product C=A*B^T via coloring", "Mat", comm, MatTransposeColoringDestroy, NULL));

  c->ctype = iscoloring->ctype;
  PetscUseTypeMethod(mat, transposecoloringcreate, iscoloring, c);

  *color = c;
  PetscCall(PetscLogEventEnd(MAT_TransposeColoringCreate, mat, 0, 0, 0));
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@
      MatGetNonzeroState - Returns a 64 bit integer representing the current state of nonzeros in the matrix. If the
        matrix has had no new nonzero locations added to (or removed from) the matrix since the previous call then the value will be the
        same, otherwise it will be larger

     Not Collective

  Input Parameter:
.    A  - the matrix

  Output Parameter:
.    state - the current state

  Level: intermediate

  Notes:
    You can only compare states from two different calls to the SAME matrix, you cannot compare calls between
         different matrices

    Use `PetscObjectStateGet()` to check for changes to the numerical values in a matrix

    Use the result of `PetscObjectGetId()` to compare if a previously checked matrix is the same as the current matrix, do not compare object pointers.

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `PetscObjectStateGet()`, `PetscObjectGetId()`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatGetNonzeroState(Mat mat, PetscObjectState *state)
{
  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(mat, MAT_CLASSID, 1);
  *state = mat->nonzerostate;
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@
      MatCreateMPIMatConcatenateSeqMat - Creates a single large PETSc matrix by concatenating sequential
                 matrices from each processor

    Collective

   Input Parameters:
+    comm - the communicators the parallel matrix will live on
.    seqmat - the input sequential matrices
.    n - number of local columns (or `PETSC_DECIDE`)
-    reuse - either `MAT_INITIAL_MATRIX` or `MAT_REUSE_MATRIX`

   Output Parameter:
.    mpimat - the parallel matrix generated

    Level: developer

   Note:
    The number of columns of the matrix in EACH processor MUST be the same.

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatCreateMPIMatConcatenateSeqMat(MPI_Comm comm, Mat seqmat, PetscInt n, MatReuse reuse, Mat *mpimat)
{
  PetscMPIInt size;

  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscCallMPI(MPI_Comm_size(comm, &size));
  if (size == 1) {
    if (reuse == MAT_INITIAL_MATRIX) {
      PetscCall(MatDuplicate(seqmat, MAT_COPY_VALUES, mpimat));
    } else {
      PetscCall(MatCopy(seqmat, *mpimat, SAME_NONZERO_PATTERN));
    }
    PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
  }

  PetscCheck(reuse != MAT_REUSE_MATRIX || seqmat != *mpimat, PETSC_COMM_SELF, PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONG, "MAT_REUSE_MATRIX means reuse the matrix passed in as the final argument, not the original matrix");

  PetscCall(PetscLogEventBegin(MAT_Merge, seqmat, 0, 0, 0));
  PetscCall((*seqmat->ops->creatempimatconcatenateseqmat)(comm, seqmat, n, reuse, mpimat));
  PetscCall(PetscLogEventEnd(MAT_Merge, seqmat, 0, 0, 0));
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@
     MatSubdomainsCreateCoalesce - Creates index subdomains by coalescing adjacent ranks' ownership ranges.

    Collective

   Input Parameters:
+    A   - the matrix to create subdomains from
-    N   - requested number of subdomains

   Output Parameters:
+    n   - number of subdomains resulting on this rank
-    iss - `IS` list with indices of subdomains on this rank

    Level: advanced

    Note:
    The number of subdomains must be smaller than the communicator size

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `IS`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatSubdomainsCreateCoalesce(Mat A, PetscInt N, PetscInt *n, IS *iss[])
{
  MPI_Comm    comm, subcomm;
  PetscMPIInt size, rank, color;
  PetscInt    rstart, rend, k;

  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscCall(PetscObjectGetComm((PetscObject)A, &comm));
  PetscCallMPI(MPI_Comm_size(comm, &size));
  PetscCallMPI(MPI_Comm_rank(comm, &rank));
  PetscCheck(N >= 1 && N < (PetscInt)size, PETSC_COMM_SELF, PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONG, "number of subdomains must be > 0 and < %d, got N = %" PetscInt_FMT, size, N);
  *n    = 1;
  k     = ((PetscInt)size) / N + ((PetscInt)size % N > 0); /* There are up to k ranks to a color */
  color = rank / k;
  PetscCallMPI(MPI_Comm_split(comm, color, rank, &subcomm));
  PetscCall(PetscMalloc1(1, iss));
  PetscCall(MatGetOwnershipRange(A, &rstart, &rend));
  PetscCall(ISCreateStride(subcomm, rend - rstart, rstart, 1, iss[0]));
  PetscCallMPI(MPI_Comm_free(&subcomm));
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@
   MatGalerkin - Constructs the coarse grid problem matrix via Galerkin projection.

   If the interpolation and restriction operators are the same, uses `MatPtAP()`.
   If they are not the same, uses `MatMatMatMult()`.

   Once the coarse grid problem is constructed, correct for interpolation operators
   that are not of full rank, which can legitimately happen in the case of non-nested
   geometric multigrid.

   Input Parameters:
+  restrct - restriction operator
.  dA - fine grid matrix
.  interpolate - interpolation operator
.  reuse - either `MAT_INITIAL_MATRIX` or `MAT_REUSE_MATRIX`
-  fill - expected fill, use `PETSC_DEFAULT` if you do not have a good estimate

   Output Parameters:
.  A - the Galerkin coarse matrix

   Options Database Key:
.  -pc_mg_galerkin <both,pmat,mat,none> - for what matrices the Galerkin process should be used

   Level: developer

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `MatPtAP()`, `MatMatMatMult()`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatGalerkin(Mat restrct, Mat dA, Mat interpolate, MatReuse reuse, PetscReal fill, Mat *A)
{
  IS  zerorows;
  Vec diag;

  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscCheck(reuse != MAT_INPLACE_MATRIX, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)A), PETSC_ERR_SUP, "Inplace product not supported");
  /* Construct the coarse grid matrix */
  if (interpolate == restrct) {
    PetscCall(MatPtAP(dA, interpolate, reuse, fill, A));
  } else {
    PetscCall(MatMatMatMult(restrct, dA, interpolate, reuse, fill, A));
  }

  /* If the interpolation matrix is not of full rank, A will have zero rows.
     This can legitimately happen in the case of non-nested geometric multigrid.
     In that event, we set the rows of the matrix to the rows of the identity,
     ignoring the equations (as the RHS will also be zero). */

  PetscCall(MatFindZeroRows(*A, &zerorows));

  if (zerorows != NULL) { /* if there are any zero rows */
    PetscCall(MatCreateVecs(*A, &diag, NULL));
    PetscCall(MatGetDiagonal(*A, diag));
    PetscCall(VecISSet(diag, zerorows, 1.0));
    PetscCall(MatDiagonalSet(*A, diag, INSERT_VALUES));
    PetscCall(VecDestroy(&diag));
    PetscCall(ISDestroy(&zerorows));
  }
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@C
    MatSetOperation - Allows user to set a matrix operation for any matrix type

   Logically Collective

    Input Parameters:
+   mat - the matrix
.   op - the name of the operation
-   f - the function that provides the operation

   Level: developer

    Usage:
.vb
  extern PetscErrorCode usermult(Mat, Vec, Vec);

  PetscCall(MatCreateXXX(comm, ..., &A));
  PetscCall(MatSetOperation(A, MATOP_MULT, (PetscVoidFunction)usermult));
.ve

    Notes:
    See the file `include/petscmat.h` for a complete list of matrix
    operations, which all have the form MATOP_<OPERATION>, where
    <OPERATION> is the name (in all capital letters) of the
    user interface routine (e.g., `MatMult()` -> `MATOP_MULT`).

    All user-provided functions (except for `MATOP_DESTROY`) should have the same calling
    sequence as the usual matrix interface routines, since they
    are intended to be accessed via the usual matrix interface
    routines, e.g.,
.vb
  MatMult(Mat, Vec, Vec) -> usermult(Mat, Vec, Vec)
.ve

    In particular each function MUST return `PETSC_SUCCESS` on success and
    nonzero on failure.

    This routine is distinct from `MatShellSetOperation()` in that it can be called on any matrix type.

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `MatGetOperation()`, `MatCreateShell()`, `MatShellSetContext()`, `MatShellSetOperation()`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatSetOperation(Mat mat, MatOperation op, void (*f)(void))
{
  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(mat, MAT_CLASSID, 1);
  if (op == MATOP_VIEW && !mat->ops->viewnative && f != (void (*)(void))(mat->ops->view)) mat->ops->viewnative = mat->ops->view;
  (((void (**)(void))mat->ops)[op]) = f;
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@C
    MatGetOperation - Gets a matrix operation for any matrix type.

    Not Collective

    Input Parameters:
+   mat - the matrix
-   op - the name of the operation

    Output Parameter:
.   f - the function that provides the operation

    Level: developer

    Usage:
$      PetscErrorCode (*usermult)(Mat,Vec,Vec);
$      MatGetOperation(A,MATOP_MULT,(void(**)(void))&usermult);

    Notes:
    See the file include/petscmat.h for a complete list of matrix
    operations, which all have the form MATOP_<OPERATION>, where
    <OPERATION> is the name (in all capital letters) of the
    user interface routine (e.g., `MatMult()` -> `MATOP_MULT`).

    This routine is distinct from `MatShellGetOperation()` in that it can be called on any matrix type.

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `MatSetOperation()`, `MatCreateShell()`, `MatShellGetContext()`, `MatShellGetOperation()`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatGetOperation(Mat mat, MatOperation op, void (**f)(void))
{
  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(mat, MAT_CLASSID, 1);
  *f = (((void (**)(void))mat->ops)[op]);
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@
    MatHasOperation - Determines whether the given matrix supports the particular operation.

   Not Collective

   Input Parameters:
+  mat - the matrix
-  op - the operation, for example, `MATOP_GET_DIAGONAL`

   Output Parameter:
.  has - either `PETSC_TRUE` or `PETSC_FALSE`

   Level: advanced

   Note:
   See `MatSetOperation()` for additional discussion on naming convention and usage of `op`.

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `MatCreateShell()`, `MatGetOperation()`, `MatSetOperation()`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatHasOperation(Mat mat, MatOperation op, PetscBool *has)
{
  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(mat, MAT_CLASSID, 1);
  PetscValidBoolPointer(has, 3);
  if (mat->ops->hasoperation) {
    PetscUseTypeMethod(mat, hasoperation, op, has);
  } else {
    if (((void **)mat->ops)[op]) *has = PETSC_TRUE;
    else {
      *has = PETSC_FALSE;
      if (op == MATOP_CREATE_SUBMATRIX) {
        PetscMPIInt size;

        PetscCallMPI(MPI_Comm_size(PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)mat), &size));
        if (size == 1) PetscCall(MatHasOperation(mat, MATOP_CREATE_SUBMATRICES, has));
      }
    }
  }
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@
    MatHasCongruentLayouts - Determines whether the rows and columns layouts of the matrix are congruent

   Collective

   Input Parameters:
.  mat - the matrix

   Output Parameter:
.  cong - either `PETSC_TRUE` or `PETSC_FALSE`

   Level: beginner

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `MatCreate()`, `MatSetSizes()`, `PetscLayout`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatHasCongruentLayouts(Mat mat, PetscBool *cong)
{
  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(mat, MAT_CLASSID, 1);
  PetscValidType(mat, 1);
  PetscValidBoolPointer(cong, 2);
  if (!mat->rmap || !mat->cmap) {
    *cong = mat->rmap == mat->cmap ? PETSC_TRUE : PETSC_FALSE;
    PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
  }
  if (mat->congruentlayouts == PETSC_DECIDE) { /* first time we compare rows and cols layouts */
    PetscCall(PetscLayoutSetUp(mat->rmap));
    PetscCall(PetscLayoutSetUp(mat->cmap));
    PetscCall(PetscLayoutCompare(mat->rmap, mat->cmap, cong));
    if (*cong) mat->congruentlayouts = 1;
    else mat->congruentlayouts = 0;
  } else *cong = mat->congruentlayouts ? PETSC_TRUE : PETSC_FALSE;
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

PetscErrorCode MatSetInf(Mat A)
{
  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscUseTypeMethod(A, setinf);
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@C
   MatCreateGraph - create a scalar matrix (that is a matrix with one vertex for each block vertex in the original matrix), for use in graph algorithms
   and possibly removes small values from the graph structure.

   Collective

   Input Parameters:
+  A - the matrix
.  sym - `PETSC_TRUE` indicates that the graph should be symmetrized
.  scale - `PETSC_TRUE` indicates that the graph edge weights should be symmetrically scaled with the diagonal entry
-  filter - filter value - < 0: does nothing; == 0: removes only 0.0 entries; otherwise: removes entries with abs(entries) <= value

   Output Parameter:
.  graph - the resulting graph

   Level: advanced

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `MatCreate()`, `PCGAMG`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatCreateGraph(Mat A, PetscBool sym, PetscBool scale, PetscReal filter, Mat *graph)
{
  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(A, MAT_CLASSID, 1);
  PetscValidType(A, 1);
  PetscValidLogicalCollectiveBool(A, scale, 3);
  PetscValidPointer(graph, 5);
  PetscUseTypeMethod(A, creategraph, sym, scale, filter, graph);
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@
  MatEliminateZeros - eliminate the nondiagonal zero entries in place from the nonzero structure of a sparse `Mat` in place,
  meaning the same memory is used for the matrix, and no new memory is allocated.

  Collective

  Input Parameter:
. A - the matrix

  Output Parameter:
. A - the matrix

  Level: intermediate

.seealso: [](chapter_matrices), `Mat`, `MatCreate()`, `MatCreateGraph()`, `MatChop()`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatEliminateZeros(Mat A)
{
  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(A, MAT_CLASSID, 1);
  PetscUseTypeMethod(A, eliminatezeros);
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}