xref: /petsc/src/snes/impls/vi/vi.c (revision d155d4104c12796cc6e93a7e2b3cd74e97fcda36)
1 
2 #include <../src/snes/impls/vi/viimpl.h> /*I "petscsnes.h" I*/
3 #include <../include/private/kspimpl.h>
4 #include <../include/private/matimpl.h>
5 
6 #undef __FUNCT__
7 #define __FUNCT__ "SNESMonitorVI"
8 PetscErrorCode  SNESMonitorVI(SNES snes,PetscInt its,PetscReal fgnorm,void *dummy)
9 {
10   PetscErrorCode          ierr;
11   SNES_VI                 *vi = (SNES_VI*)snes->data;
12   PetscViewerASCIIMonitor viewer = (PetscViewerASCIIMonitor) dummy;
13   const PetscScalar       *x,*xl,*xu,*f;
14   PetscInt                i,n,act = 0;
15   PetscReal               rnorm,fnorm;
16 
17   PetscFunctionBegin;
18   if (!dummy) {
19     ierr = PetscViewerASCIIMonitorCreate(((PetscObject)snes)->comm,"stdout",0,&viewer);CHKERRQ(ierr);
20   }
21   ierr = VecGetLocalSize(snes->vec_sol,&n);CHKERRQ(ierr);
22   ierr = VecGetArrayRead(vi->xl,&xl);CHKERRQ(ierr);
23   ierr = VecGetArrayRead(vi->xu,&xu);CHKERRQ(ierr);
24   ierr = VecGetArrayRead(snes->vec_sol,&x);CHKERRQ(ierr);
25   ierr = VecGetArrayRead(snes->vec_func,&f);CHKERRQ(ierr);
26 
27   rnorm = 0.0;
28   for (i=0; i<n; i++) {
29     if (((x[i] > xl[i] + 1.e-8 || (f[i] < 0.0)) && ((x[i] < xu[i] - 1.e-8) || f[i] > 0.0))) rnorm += f[i]*f[i];
30     else act++;
31   }
32   ierr = VecRestoreArrayRead(snes->vec_func,&f);CHKERRQ(ierr);
33   ierr = VecRestoreArrayRead(vi->xl,&xl);CHKERRQ(ierr);
34   ierr = VecRestoreArrayRead(vi->xu,&xu);CHKERRQ(ierr);
35   ierr = VecRestoreArrayRead(snes->vec_sol,&x);CHKERRQ(ierr);
36   ierr = MPI_Allreduce(&rnorm,&fnorm,1,MPIU_REAL,MPIU_SUM,((PetscObject)snes)->comm);CHKERRQ(ierr);
37   fnorm = sqrt(fnorm);
38   ierr = PetscViewerASCIIMonitorPrintf(viewer,"%3D SNES VI Function norm %14.12e Active constraints %D\n",its,fnorm,act);CHKERRQ(ierr);
39   if (!dummy) {
40     ierr = PetscViewerASCIIMonitorDestroy(&viewer);CHKERRQ(ierr);
41   }
42   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
43 }
44 
45 /*
46      Checks if J^T F = 0 which implies we've found a local minimum of the norm of the function,
47     || F(u) ||_2 but not a zero, F(u) = 0. In the case when one cannot compute J^T F we use the fact that
48     0 = (J^T F)^T W = F^T J W iff W not in the null space of J. Thanks for Jorge More
49     for this trick. One assumes that the probability that W is in the null space of J is very, very small.
50 */
51 #undef __FUNCT__
52 #define __FUNCT__ "SNESVICheckLocalMin_Private"
53 PetscErrorCode SNESVICheckLocalMin_Private(SNES snes,Mat A,Vec F,Vec W,PetscReal fnorm,PetscBool *ismin)
54 {
55   PetscReal      a1;
56   PetscErrorCode ierr;
57   PetscBool     hastranspose;
58 
59   PetscFunctionBegin;
60   *ismin = PETSC_FALSE;
61   ierr = MatHasOperation(A,MATOP_MULT_TRANSPOSE,&hastranspose);CHKERRQ(ierr);
62   if (hastranspose) {
63     /* Compute || J^T F|| */
64     ierr = MatMultTranspose(A,F,W);CHKERRQ(ierr);
65     ierr = VecNorm(W,NORM_2,&a1);CHKERRQ(ierr);
66     ierr = PetscInfo1(snes,"|| J^T F|| %G near zero implies found a local minimum\n",a1/fnorm);CHKERRQ(ierr);
67     if (a1/fnorm < 1.e-4) *ismin = PETSC_TRUE;
68   } else {
69     Vec         work;
70     PetscScalar result;
71     PetscReal   wnorm;
72 
73     ierr = VecSetRandom(W,PETSC_NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
74     ierr = VecNorm(W,NORM_2,&wnorm);CHKERRQ(ierr);
75     ierr = VecDuplicate(W,&work);CHKERRQ(ierr);
76     ierr = MatMult(A,W,work);CHKERRQ(ierr);
77     ierr = VecDot(F,work,&result);CHKERRQ(ierr);
78     ierr = VecDestroy(&work);CHKERRQ(ierr);
79     a1   = PetscAbsScalar(result)/(fnorm*wnorm);
80     ierr = PetscInfo1(snes,"(F^T J random)/(|| F ||*||random|| %G near zero implies found a local minimum\n",a1);CHKERRQ(ierr);
81     if (a1 < 1.e-4) *ismin = PETSC_TRUE;
82   }
83   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
84 }
85 
86 /*
87      Checks if J^T(F - J*X) = 0
88 */
89 #undef __FUNCT__
90 #define __FUNCT__ "SNESVICheckResidual_Private"
91 PetscErrorCode SNESVICheckResidual_Private(SNES snes,Mat A,Vec F,Vec X,Vec W1,Vec W2)
92 {
93   PetscReal      a1,a2;
94   PetscErrorCode ierr;
95   PetscBool     hastranspose;
96 
97   PetscFunctionBegin;
98   ierr = MatHasOperation(A,MATOP_MULT_TRANSPOSE,&hastranspose);CHKERRQ(ierr);
99   if (hastranspose) {
100     ierr = MatMult(A,X,W1);CHKERRQ(ierr);
101     ierr = VecAXPY(W1,-1.0,F);CHKERRQ(ierr);
102 
103     /* Compute || J^T W|| */
104     ierr = MatMultTranspose(A,W1,W2);CHKERRQ(ierr);
105     ierr = VecNorm(W1,NORM_2,&a1);CHKERRQ(ierr);
106     ierr = VecNorm(W2,NORM_2,&a2);CHKERRQ(ierr);
107     if (a1 != 0.0) {
108       ierr = PetscInfo1(snes,"||J^T(F-Ax)||/||F-AX|| %G near zero implies inconsistent rhs\n",a2/a1);CHKERRQ(ierr);
109     }
110   }
111   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
112 }
113 
114 /*
115   SNESDefaultConverged_VI - Checks the convergence of the semismooth newton algorithm.
116 
117   Notes:
118   The convergence criterion currently implemented is
119   merit < abstol
120   merit < rtol*merit_initial
121 */
122 #undef __FUNCT__
123 #define __FUNCT__ "SNESDefaultConverged_VI"
124 PetscErrorCode SNESDefaultConverged_VI(SNES snes,PetscInt it,PetscReal xnorm,PetscReal gradnorm,PetscReal fnorm,SNESConvergedReason *reason,void *dummy)
125 {
126   PetscErrorCode ierr;
127 
128   PetscFunctionBegin;
129   PetscValidHeaderSpecific(snes,SNES_CLASSID,1);
130   PetscValidPointer(reason,6);
131 
132   *reason = SNES_CONVERGED_ITERATING;
133 
134   if (!it) {
135     /* set parameter for default relative tolerance convergence test */
136     snes->ttol = fnorm*snes->rtol;
137   }
138   if (fnorm != fnorm) {
139     ierr = PetscInfo(snes,"Failed to converged, function norm is NaN\n");CHKERRQ(ierr);
140     *reason = SNES_DIVERGED_FNORM_NAN;
141   } else if (fnorm < snes->abstol) {
142     ierr = PetscInfo2(snes,"Converged due to function norm %G < %G\n",fnorm,snes->abstol);CHKERRQ(ierr);
143     *reason = SNES_CONVERGED_FNORM_ABS;
144   } else if (snes->nfuncs >= snes->max_funcs) {
145     ierr = PetscInfo2(snes,"Exceeded maximum number of function evaluations: %D > %D\n",snes->nfuncs,snes->max_funcs);CHKERRQ(ierr);
146     *reason = SNES_DIVERGED_FUNCTION_COUNT;
147   }
148 
149   if (it && !*reason) {
150     if (fnorm < snes->ttol) {
151       ierr = PetscInfo2(snes,"Converged due to function norm %G < %G (relative tolerance)\n",fnorm,snes->ttol);CHKERRQ(ierr);
152       *reason = SNES_CONVERGED_FNORM_RELATIVE;
153     }
154   }
155   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
156 }
157 
158 /*
159   SNESVIComputeMeritFunction - Evaluates the merit function for the mixed complementarity problem.
160 
161   Input Parameter:
162 . phi - the semismooth function
163 
164   Output Parameter:
165 . merit - the merit function
166 . phinorm - ||phi||
167 
168   Notes:
169   The merit function for the mixed complementarity problem is defined as
170      merit = 0.5*phi^T*phi
171 */
172 #undef __FUNCT__
173 #define __FUNCT__ "SNESVIComputeMeritFunction"
174 static PetscErrorCode SNESVIComputeMeritFunction(Vec phi, PetscReal* merit,PetscReal* phinorm)
175 {
176   PetscErrorCode ierr;
177 
178   PetscFunctionBegin;
179   ierr = VecNormBegin(phi,NORM_2,phinorm);CHKERRQ(ierr);
180   ierr = VecNormEnd(phi,NORM_2,phinorm);CHKERRQ(ierr);
181 
182   *merit = 0.5*(*phinorm)*(*phinorm);
183   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
184 }
185 
186 PETSC_STATIC_INLINE PetscScalar Phi(PetscScalar a,PetscScalar b)
187 {
188   return a + b - sqrt(a*a + b*b);
189 }
190 
191 PETSC_STATIC_INLINE PetscScalar DPhi(PetscScalar a,PetscScalar b)
192 {
193   if ((PetscAbsScalar(a) >= 1.e-6) || (PetscAbsScalar(b) >= 1.e-6)) return  1.0 - a/ sqrt(a*a + b*b);
194   else return .5;
195 }
196 
197 /*
198    SNESVIComputeFunction - Reformulates a system of nonlinear equations in mixed complementarity form to a system of nonlinear equations in semismooth form.
199 
200    Input Parameters:
201 .  snes - the SNES context
202 .  x - current iterate
203 .  functx - user defined function context
204 
205    Output Parameters:
206 .  phi - Semismooth function
207 
208 */
209 #undef __FUNCT__
210 #define __FUNCT__ "SNESVIComputeFunction"
211 static PetscErrorCode SNESVIComputeFunction(SNES snes,Vec X,Vec phi,void* functx)
212 {
213   PetscErrorCode  ierr;
214   SNES_VI         *vi = (SNES_VI*)snes->data;
215   Vec             Xl = vi->xl,Xu = vi->xu,F = snes->vec_func;
216   PetscScalar     *phi_arr,*x_arr,*f_arr,*l,*u;
217   PetscInt        i,nlocal;
218 
219   PetscFunctionBegin;
220   ierr = (*vi->computeuserfunction)(snes,X,F,functx);CHKERRQ(ierr);
221   ierr = VecGetLocalSize(X,&nlocal);CHKERRQ(ierr);
222   ierr = VecGetArray(X,&x_arr);CHKERRQ(ierr);
223   ierr = VecGetArray(F,&f_arr);CHKERRQ(ierr);
224   ierr = VecGetArray(Xl,&l);CHKERRQ(ierr);
225   ierr = VecGetArray(Xu,&u);CHKERRQ(ierr);
226   ierr = VecGetArray(phi,&phi_arr);CHKERRQ(ierr);
227 
228   for (i=0;i < nlocal;i++) {
229     if ((l[i] <= PETSC_VI_NINF) && (u[i] >= PETSC_VI_INF)) { /* no constraints on variable */
230       phi_arr[i] = f_arr[i];
231     } else if (l[i] <= PETSC_VI_NINF) {                      /* upper bound on variable only */
232       phi_arr[i] = -Phi(u[i] - x_arr[i],-f_arr[i]);
233     } else if (u[i] >= PETSC_VI_INF) {                       /* lower bound on variable only */
234       phi_arr[i] = Phi(x_arr[i] - l[i],f_arr[i]);
235     } else if (l[i] == u[i]) {
236       phi_arr[i] = l[i] - x_arr[i];
237     } else {                                                /* both bounds on variable */
238       phi_arr[i] = Phi(x_arr[i] - l[i],-Phi(u[i] - x_arr[i],-f_arr[i]));
239     }
240   }
241 
242   ierr = VecRestoreArray(X,&x_arr);CHKERRQ(ierr);
243   ierr = VecRestoreArray(F,&f_arr);CHKERRQ(ierr);
244   ierr = VecRestoreArray(Xl,&l);CHKERRQ(ierr);
245   ierr = VecRestoreArray(Xu,&u);CHKERRQ(ierr);
246   ierr = VecRestoreArray(phi,&phi_arr);CHKERRQ(ierr);
247   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
248 }
249 
250 /*
251    SNESVIComputeBsubdifferentialVectors - Computes the diagonal shift (Da) and row scaling (Db) vectors needed for the
252                                           the semismooth jacobian.
253 */
254 #undef __FUNCT__
255 #define __FUNCT__ "SNESVIComputeBsubdifferentialVectors"
256 PetscErrorCode SNESVIComputeBsubdifferentialVectors(SNES snes,Vec X,Vec F,Mat jac,Vec Da,Vec Db)
257 {
258   PetscErrorCode ierr;
259   SNES_VI      *vi = (SNES_VI*)snes->data;
260   PetscScalar    *l,*u,*x,*f,*da,*db,da1,da2,db1,db2;
261   PetscInt       i,nlocal;
262 
263   PetscFunctionBegin;
264 
265   ierr = VecGetArray(X,&x);CHKERRQ(ierr);
266   ierr = VecGetArray(F,&f);CHKERRQ(ierr);
267   ierr = VecGetArray(vi->xl,&l);CHKERRQ(ierr);
268   ierr = VecGetArray(vi->xu,&u);CHKERRQ(ierr);
269   ierr = VecGetArray(Da,&da);CHKERRQ(ierr);
270   ierr = VecGetArray(Db,&db);CHKERRQ(ierr);
271   ierr = VecGetLocalSize(X,&nlocal);CHKERRQ(ierr);
272 
273   for (i=0;i< nlocal;i++) {
274     if ((l[i] <= PETSC_VI_NINF) && (u[i] >= PETSC_VI_INF)) {/* no constraints on variable */
275       da[i] = 0;
276       db[i] = 1;
277     } else if (l[i] <= PETSC_VI_NINF) {                     /* upper bound on variable only */
278       da[i] = DPhi(u[i] - x[i], -f[i]);
279       db[i] = DPhi(-f[i],u[i] - x[i]);
280     } else if (u[i] >= PETSC_VI_INF) {                      /* lower bound on variable only */
281       da[i] = DPhi(x[i] - l[i], f[i]);
282       db[i] = DPhi(f[i],x[i] - l[i]);
283     } else if (l[i] == u[i]) {                              /* fixed variable */
284       da[i] = 1;
285       db[i] = 0;
286     } else {                                                /* upper and lower bounds on variable */
287       da1 = DPhi(x[i] - l[i], -Phi(u[i] - x[i], -f[i]));
288       db1 = DPhi(-Phi(u[i] - x[i], -f[i]),x[i] - l[i]);
289       da2 = DPhi(u[i] - x[i], -f[i]);
290       db2 = DPhi(-f[i],u[i] - x[i]);
291       da[i] = da1 + db1*da2;
292       db[i] = db1*db2;
293     }
294   }
295 
296   ierr = VecRestoreArray(X,&x);CHKERRQ(ierr);
297   ierr = VecRestoreArray(F,&f);CHKERRQ(ierr);
298   ierr = VecRestoreArray(vi->xl,&l);CHKERRQ(ierr);
299   ierr = VecRestoreArray(vi->xu,&u);CHKERRQ(ierr);
300   ierr = VecRestoreArray(Da,&da);CHKERRQ(ierr);
301   ierr = VecRestoreArray(Db,&db);CHKERRQ(ierr);
302   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
303 }
304 
305 /*
306    SNESVIComputeJacobian - Computes the jacobian of the semismooth function.The Jacobian for the semismooth function is an element of the B-subdifferential of the Fischer-Burmeister function for complementarity problems.
307 
308    Input Parameters:
309 .  Da       - Diagonal shift vector for the semismooth jacobian.
310 .  Db       - Row scaling vector for the semismooth jacobian.
311 
312    Output Parameters:
313 .  jac      - semismooth jacobian
314 .  jac_pre  - optional preconditioning matrix
315 
316    Notes:
317    The semismooth jacobian matrix is given by
318    jac = Da + Db*jacfun
319    where Db is the row scaling matrix stored as a vector,
320          Da is the diagonal perturbation matrix stored as a vector
321    and   jacfun is the jacobian of the original nonlinear function.
322 */
323 #undef __FUNCT__
324 #define __FUNCT__ "SNESVIComputeJacobian"
325 PetscErrorCode SNESVIComputeJacobian(Mat jac, Mat jac_pre,Vec Da, Vec Db)
326 {
327   PetscErrorCode ierr;
328 
329   /* Do row scaling  and add diagonal perturbation */
330   ierr = MatDiagonalScale(jac,Db,PETSC_NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
331   ierr = MatDiagonalSet(jac,Da,ADD_VALUES);CHKERRQ(ierr);
332   if (jac != jac_pre) { /* If jac and jac_pre are different */
333     ierr = MatDiagonalScale(jac_pre,Db,PETSC_NULL);
334     ierr = MatDiagonalSet(jac_pre,Da,ADD_VALUES);CHKERRQ(ierr);
335   }
336   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
337 }
338 
339 /*
340    SNESVIComputeMeritFunctionGradient - Computes the gradient of the merit function psi.
341 
342    Input Parameters:
343    phi - semismooth function.
344    H   - semismooth jacobian
345 
346    Output Parameters:
347    dpsi - merit function gradient
348 
349    Notes:
350   The merit function gradient is computed as follows
351         dpsi = H^T*phi
352 */
353 #undef __FUNCT__
354 #define __FUNCT__ "SNESVIComputeMeritFunctionGradient"
355 PetscErrorCode SNESVIComputeMeritFunctionGradient(Mat H, Vec phi, Vec dpsi)
356 {
357   PetscErrorCode ierr;
358 
359   PetscFunctionBegin;
360   ierr = MatMultTranspose(H,phi,dpsi);CHKERRQ(ierr);
361   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
362 }
363 
364 /* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
365 /*
366    SNESVIProjectOntoBounds - Projects X onto the feasible region so that Xl[i] <= X[i] <= Xu[i] for i = 1...n.
367 
368    Input Parameters:
369 .  SNES - nonlinear solver context
370 
371    Output Parameters:
372 .  X - Bound projected X
373 
374 */
375 
376 #undef __FUNCT__
377 #define __FUNCT__ "SNESVIProjectOntoBounds"
378 PetscErrorCode SNESVIProjectOntoBounds(SNES snes,Vec X)
379 {
380   PetscErrorCode    ierr;
381   SNES_VI           *vi = (SNES_VI*)snes->data;
382   const PetscScalar *xl,*xu;
383   PetscScalar       *x;
384   PetscInt          i,n;
385 
386   PetscFunctionBegin;
387   ierr = VecGetLocalSize(X,&n);CHKERRQ(ierr);
388   ierr = VecGetArray(X,&x);CHKERRQ(ierr);
389   ierr = VecGetArrayRead(vi->xl,&xl);CHKERRQ(ierr);
390   ierr = VecGetArrayRead(vi->xu,&xu);CHKERRQ(ierr);
391 
392   for(i = 0;i<n;i++) {
393     if (x[i] < xl[i]) x[i] = xl[i];
394     else if (x[i] > xu[i]) x[i] = xu[i];
395   }
396   ierr = VecRestoreArray(X,&x);CHKERRQ(ierr);
397   ierr = VecRestoreArrayRead(vi->xl,&xl);CHKERRQ(ierr);
398   ierr = VecRestoreArrayRead(vi->xu,&xu);CHKERRQ(ierr);
399   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
400 }
401 
402 /*  --------------------------------------------------------------------
403 
404      This file implements a semismooth truncated Newton method with a line search,
405      for solving a system of nonlinear equations in complementarity form, using the KSP, Vec,
406      and Mat interfaces for linear solvers, vectors, and matrices,
407      respectively.
408 
409      The following basic routines are required for each nonlinear solver:
410           SNESCreate_XXX()          - Creates a nonlinear solver context
411           SNESSetFromOptions_XXX()  - Sets runtime options
412           SNESSolve_XXX()           - Solves the nonlinear system
413           SNESDestroy_XXX()         - Destroys the nonlinear solver context
414      The suffix "_XXX" denotes a particular implementation, in this case
415      we use _VI (e.g., SNESCreate_VI, SNESSolve_VI) for solving
416      systems of nonlinear equations with a line search (LS) method.
417      These routines are actually called via the common user interface
418      routines SNESCreate(), SNESSetFromOptions(), SNESSolve(), and
419      SNESDestroy(), so the application code interface remains identical
420      for all nonlinear solvers.
421 
422      Another key routine is:
423           SNESSetUp_XXX()           - Prepares for the use of a nonlinear solver
424      by setting data structures and options.   The interface routine SNESSetUp()
425      is not usually called directly by the user, but instead is called by
426      SNESSolve() if necessary.
427 
428      Additional basic routines are:
429           SNESView_XXX()            - Prints details of runtime options that
430                                       have actually been used.
431      These are called by application codes via the interface routines
432      SNESView().
433 
434      The various types of solvers (preconditioners, Krylov subspace methods,
435      nonlinear solvers, timesteppers) are all organized similarly, so the
436      above description applies to these categories also.
437 
438     -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
439 /*
440    SNESSolveVI_SS - Solves the complementarity problem with a semismooth Newton
441    method using a line search.
442 
443    Input Parameters:
444 .  snes - the SNES context
445 
446    Output Parameter:
447 .  outits - number of iterations until termination
448 
449    Application Interface Routine: SNESSolve()
450 
451    Notes:
452    This implements essentially a semismooth Newton method with a
453    line search. The default line search does not do any line seach
454    but rather takes a full newton step.
455 */
456 #undef __FUNCT__
457 #define __FUNCT__ "SNESSolveVI_SS"
458 PetscErrorCode SNESSolveVI_SS(SNES snes)
459 {
460   SNES_VI            *vi = (SNES_VI*)snes->data;
461   PetscErrorCode     ierr;
462   PetscInt           maxits,i,lits;
463   PetscBool          lssucceed;
464   MatStructure       flg = DIFFERENT_NONZERO_PATTERN;
465   PetscReal          gnorm,xnorm=0,ynorm;
466   Vec                Y,X,F,G,W;
467   KSPConvergedReason kspreason;
468 
469   PetscFunctionBegin;
470   vi->computeuserfunction    = snes->ops->computefunction;
471   snes->ops->computefunction = SNESVIComputeFunction;
472 
473   snes->numFailures            = 0;
474   snes->numLinearSolveFailures = 0;
475   snes->reason                 = SNES_CONVERGED_ITERATING;
476 
477   maxits	= snes->max_its;	/* maximum number of iterations */
478   X		= snes->vec_sol;	/* solution vector */
479   F		= snes->vec_func;	/* residual vector */
480   Y		= snes->work[0];	/* work vectors */
481   G		= snes->work[1];
482   W		= snes->work[2];
483 
484   ierr = PetscObjectTakeAccess(snes);CHKERRQ(ierr);
485   snes->iter = 0;
486   snes->norm = 0.0;
487   ierr = PetscObjectGrantAccess(snes);CHKERRQ(ierr);
488 
489   ierr = SNESVIProjectOntoBounds(snes,X);CHKERRQ(ierr);
490   ierr = SNESComputeFunction(snes,X,vi->phi);CHKERRQ(ierr);
491   if (snes->domainerror) {
492     snes->reason = SNES_DIVERGED_FUNCTION_DOMAIN;
493     snes->ops->computefunction = vi->computeuserfunction;
494     PetscFunctionReturn(0);
495   }
496    /* Compute Merit function */
497   ierr = SNESVIComputeMeritFunction(vi->phi,&vi->merit,&vi->phinorm);CHKERRQ(ierr);
498 
499   ierr = VecNormBegin(X,NORM_2,&xnorm);CHKERRQ(ierr);	/* xnorm <- ||x||  */
500   ierr = VecNormEnd(X,NORM_2,&xnorm);CHKERRQ(ierr);
501   if (PetscIsInfOrNanReal(vi->merit)) SETERRQ(PETSC_COMM_SELF,PETSC_ERR_FP,"User provided compute function generated a Not-a-Number");
502 
503   ierr = PetscObjectTakeAccess(snes);CHKERRQ(ierr);
504   snes->norm = vi->phinorm;
505   ierr = PetscObjectGrantAccess(snes);CHKERRQ(ierr);
506   SNESLogConvHistory(snes,vi->phinorm,0);
507   SNESMonitor(snes,0,vi->phinorm);
508 
509   /* set parameter for default relative tolerance convergence test */
510   snes->ttol = vi->phinorm*snes->rtol;
511   /* test convergence */
512   ierr = (*snes->ops->converged)(snes,0,0.0,0.0,vi->phinorm,&snes->reason,snes->cnvP);CHKERRQ(ierr);
513   if (snes->reason) {
514     snes->ops->computefunction = vi->computeuserfunction;
515     PetscFunctionReturn(0);
516   }
517 
518   for (i=0; i<maxits; i++) {
519 
520     /* Call general purpose update function */
521     if (snes->ops->update) {
522       ierr = (*snes->ops->update)(snes, snes->iter);CHKERRQ(ierr);
523     }
524 
525     /* Solve J Y = Phi, where J is the semismooth jacobian */
526     /* Get the nonlinear function jacobian */
527     ierr = SNESComputeJacobian(snes,X,&snes->jacobian,&snes->jacobian_pre,&flg);CHKERRQ(ierr);
528     /* Get the diagonal shift and row scaling vectors */
529     ierr = SNESVIComputeBsubdifferentialVectors(snes,X,F,snes->jacobian,vi->Da,vi->Db);CHKERRQ(ierr);
530     /* Compute the semismooth jacobian */
531     ierr = SNESVIComputeJacobian(snes->jacobian,snes->jacobian_pre,vi->Da,vi->Db);CHKERRQ(ierr);
532     /* Compute the merit function gradient */
533     ierr = SNESVIComputeMeritFunctionGradient(snes->jacobian,vi->phi,vi->dpsi);CHKERRQ(ierr);
534     ierr = KSPSetOperators(snes->ksp,snes->jacobian,snes->jacobian_pre,flg);CHKERRQ(ierr);
535     ierr = SNES_KSPSolve(snes,snes->ksp,vi->phi,Y);CHKERRQ(ierr);
536     ierr = KSPGetConvergedReason(snes->ksp,&kspreason);CHKERRQ(ierr);
537 
538     if (kspreason < 0) {
539       if (++snes->numLinearSolveFailures >= snes->maxLinearSolveFailures) {
540         ierr = PetscInfo2(snes,"iter=%D, number linear solve failures %D greater than current SNES allowed, stopping solve\n",snes->iter,snes->numLinearSolveFailures);CHKERRQ(ierr);
541         snes->reason = SNES_DIVERGED_LINEAR_SOLVE;
542         break;
543       }
544     }
545     ierr = KSPGetIterationNumber(snes->ksp,&lits);CHKERRQ(ierr);
546     snes->linear_its += lits;
547     ierr = PetscInfo2(snes,"iter=%D, linear solve iterations=%D\n",snes->iter,lits);CHKERRQ(ierr);
548     /*
549     if (vi->precheckstep) {
550       PetscBool changed_y = PETSC_FALSE;
551       ierr = (*vi->precheckstep)(snes,X,Y,vi->precheck,&changed_y);CHKERRQ(ierr);
552     }
553 
554     if (PetscLogPrintInfo){
555       ierr = SNESVICheckResidual_Private(snes,snes->jacobian,F,Y,G,W);CHKERRQ(ierr);
556     }
557     */
558     /* Compute a (scaled) negative update in the line search routine:
559          Y <- X - lambda*Y
560        and evaluate G = function(Y) (depends on the line search).
561     */
562     ierr = VecCopy(Y,snes->vec_sol_update);CHKERRQ(ierr);
563     ynorm = 1; gnorm = vi->phinorm;
564     ierr = (*vi->LineSearch)(snes,vi->lsP,X,vi->phi,G,Y,W,vi->phinorm,xnorm,&ynorm,&gnorm,&lssucceed);CHKERRQ(ierr);
565     ierr = PetscInfo4(snes,"fnorm=%18.16e, gnorm=%18.16e, ynorm=%18.16e, lssucceed=%d\n",vi->phinorm,gnorm,ynorm,(int)lssucceed);CHKERRQ(ierr);
566     if (snes->reason == SNES_DIVERGED_FUNCTION_COUNT) break;
567     if (snes->domainerror) {
568       snes->reason = SNES_DIVERGED_FUNCTION_DOMAIN;
569       snes->ops->computefunction = vi->computeuserfunction;
570       PetscFunctionReturn(0);
571     }
572     if (!lssucceed) {
573       if (++snes->numFailures >= snes->maxFailures) {
574 	PetscBool ismin;
575         snes->reason = SNES_DIVERGED_LINE_SEARCH;
576         ierr = SNESVICheckLocalMin_Private(snes,snes->jacobian,G,W,gnorm,&ismin);CHKERRQ(ierr);
577         if (ismin) snes->reason = SNES_DIVERGED_LOCAL_MIN;
578         break;
579       }
580     }
581     /* Update function and solution vectors */
582     vi->phinorm = gnorm;
583     vi->merit = 0.5*vi->phinorm*vi->phinorm;
584     ierr = VecCopy(G,vi->phi);CHKERRQ(ierr);
585     ierr = VecCopy(W,X);CHKERRQ(ierr);
586     /* Monitor convergence */
587     ierr = PetscObjectTakeAccess(snes);CHKERRQ(ierr);
588     snes->iter = i+1;
589     snes->norm = vi->phinorm;
590     ierr = PetscObjectGrantAccess(snes);CHKERRQ(ierr);
591     SNESLogConvHistory(snes,snes->norm,lits);
592     SNESMonitor(snes,snes->iter,snes->norm);
593     /* Test for convergence, xnorm = || X || */
594     if (snes->ops->converged != SNESSkipConverged) { ierr = VecNorm(X,NORM_2,&xnorm);CHKERRQ(ierr); }
595     ierr = (*snes->ops->converged)(snes,snes->iter,xnorm,ynorm,vi->phinorm,&snes->reason,snes->cnvP);CHKERRQ(ierr);
596     if (snes->reason) break;
597   }
598   if (i == maxits) {
599     ierr = PetscInfo1(snes,"Maximum number of iterations has been reached: %D\n",maxits);CHKERRQ(ierr);
600     if(!snes->reason) snes->reason = SNES_DIVERGED_MAX_IT;
601   }
602   snes->ops->computefunction = vi->computeuserfunction;
603   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
604 }
605 
606 #undef __FUNCT__
607 #define __FUNCT__ "SNESVIGetActiveSetIS"
608 /*
609    SNESVIGetActiveSetIndices - Gets the global indices for the active set variables
610 
611    Input parameter
612 .  snes - the SNES context
613 .  X    - the snes solution vector
614 .  F    - the nonlinear function vector
615 
616    Output parameter
617 .  ISact - active set index set
618  */
619 PetscErrorCode SNESVIGetActiveSetIS(SNES snes,Vec X,Vec F,IS* ISact)
620 {
621   PetscErrorCode   ierr;
622   SNES_VI          *vi = (SNES_VI*)snes->data;
623   Vec               Xl=vi->xl,Xu=vi->xu;
624   const PetscScalar *x,*f,*xl,*xu;
625   PetscInt          *idx_act,i,nlocal,nloc_isact=0,ilow,ihigh,i1=0;
626 
627   PetscFunctionBegin;
628   ierr = VecGetLocalSize(X,&nlocal);CHKERRQ(ierr);
629   ierr = VecGetOwnershipRange(X,&ilow,&ihigh);CHKERRQ(ierr);
630   ierr = VecGetArrayRead(X,&x);CHKERRQ(ierr);
631   ierr = VecGetArrayRead(Xl,&xl);CHKERRQ(ierr);
632   ierr = VecGetArrayRead(Xu,&xu);CHKERRQ(ierr);
633   ierr = VecGetArrayRead(F,&f);CHKERRQ(ierr);
634   /* Compute active set size */
635   for (i=0; i < nlocal;i++) {
636     if (!((x[i] > xl[i] + 1.e-8 || (f[i] < 0.0)) && ((x[i] < xu[i] - 1.e-8) || f[i] > 0.0))) nloc_isact++;
637   }
638 
639   ierr = PetscMalloc(nloc_isact*sizeof(PetscInt),&idx_act);CHKERRQ(ierr);
640 
641   /* Set active set indices */
642   for(i=0; i < nlocal; i++) {
643     if (!((x[i] > xl[i] + 1.e-8 || (f[i] < 0.0)) && ((x[i] < xu[i] - 1.e-8) || f[i] > 0.0))) idx_act[i1++] = ilow+i;
644   }
645 
646    /* Create active set IS */
647   ierr = ISCreateGeneral(((PetscObject)snes)->comm,nloc_isact,idx_act,PETSC_OWN_POINTER,ISact);CHKERRQ(ierr);
648 
649   ierr = VecRestoreArrayRead(X,&x);CHKERRQ(ierr);
650   ierr = VecRestoreArrayRead(Xl,&xl);CHKERRQ(ierr);
651   ierr = VecRestoreArrayRead(Xu,&xu);CHKERRQ(ierr);
652   ierr = VecRestoreArrayRead(F,&f);CHKERRQ(ierr);
653   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
654 }
655 
656 #undef __FUNCT__
657 #define __FUNCT__ "SNESVICreateIndexSets_RS"
658 PetscErrorCode SNESVICreateIndexSets_RS(SNES snes,Vec X,Vec F,IS* ISact,IS* ISinact)
659 {
660   PetscErrorCode     ierr;
661 
662   PetscFunctionBegin;
663   ierr = SNESVIGetActiveSetIS(snes,X,F,ISact);CHKERRQ(ierr);
664   ierr = ISComplement(*ISact,X->map->rstart,X->map->rend,ISinact);CHKERRQ(ierr);
665   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
666 }
667 
668 /* Create active and inactive set vectors. The local size of this vector is set and petsc computes the global size */
669 #undef __FUNCT__
670 #define __FUNCT__ "SNESVICreateSubVectors"
671 PetscErrorCode SNESVICreateSubVectors(SNES snes,PetscInt n,Vec* newv)
672 {
673   PetscErrorCode ierr;
674   Vec            v;
675 
676   PetscFunctionBegin;
677   ierr = VecCreate(((PetscObject)snes)->comm,&v);CHKERRQ(ierr);
678   ierr = VecSetSizes(v,n,PETSC_DECIDE);CHKERRQ(ierr);
679   ierr = VecSetFromOptions(v);CHKERRQ(ierr);
680   *newv = v;
681 
682   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
683 }
684 
685 /* Resets the snes PC and KSP when the active set sizes change */
686 #undef __FUNCT__
687 #define __FUNCT__ "SNESVIResetPCandKSP"
688 PetscErrorCode SNESVIResetPCandKSP(SNES snes,Mat Amat,Mat Pmat)
689 {
690   PetscErrorCode         ierr;
691   KSP                    kspnew,snesksp;
692   PC                     pcnew;
693   const MatSolverPackage stype;
694 
695   PetscFunctionBegin;
696   /* The active and inactive set sizes have changed so need to create a new snes->ksp object */
697   ierr = SNESGetKSP(snes,&snesksp);CHKERRQ(ierr);
698   ierr = KSPCreate(((PetscObject)snes)->comm,&kspnew);CHKERRQ(ierr);
699   /* Copy over snes->ksp info */
700   kspnew->pc_side = snesksp->pc_side;
701   kspnew->rtol    = snesksp->rtol;
702   kspnew->abstol    = snesksp->abstol;
703   kspnew->max_it  = snesksp->max_it;
704   ierr = KSPSetType(kspnew,((PetscObject)snesksp)->type_name);CHKERRQ(ierr);
705   ierr = KSPGetPC(kspnew,&pcnew);CHKERRQ(ierr);
706   ierr = PCSetType(kspnew->pc,((PetscObject)snesksp->pc)->type_name);CHKERRQ(ierr);
707   ierr = PCSetOperators(kspnew->pc,Amat,Pmat,DIFFERENT_NONZERO_PATTERN);CHKERRQ(ierr);
708   ierr = PCFactorGetMatSolverPackage(snesksp->pc,&stype);CHKERRQ(ierr);
709   ierr = PCFactorSetMatSolverPackage(kspnew->pc,stype);CHKERRQ(ierr);
710   ierr = KSPDestroy(&snesksp);CHKERRQ(ierr);
711   snes->ksp = kspnew;
712   ierr = PetscLogObjectParent(snes,kspnew);CHKERRQ(ierr);
713   ierr = KSPSetFromOptions(kspnew);CHKERRQ(ierr);
714   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
715 }
716 
717 
718 #undef __FUNCT__
719 #define __FUNCT__ "SNESVIComputeInactiveSetFnorm"
720 PetscErrorCode SNESVIComputeInactiveSetFnorm(SNES snes,Vec F,Vec X,PetscScalar *fnorm)
721 {
722   PetscErrorCode    ierr;
723   SNES_VI           *vi = (SNES_VI*)snes->data;
724   const PetscScalar *x,*xl,*xu,*f;
725   PetscInt          i,n;
726   PetscReal         rnorm;
727 
728   PetscFunctionBegin;
729   ierr = VecGetLocalSize(X,&n);CHKERRQ(ierr);
730   ierr = VecGetArrayRead(vi->xl,&xl);CHKERRQ(ierr);
731   ierr = VecGetArrayRead(vi->xu,&xu);CHKERRQ(ierr);
732   ierr = VecGetArrayRead(X,&x);CHKERRQ(ierr);
733   ierr = VecGetArrayRead(F,&f);CHKERRQ(ierr);
734   rnorm = 0.0;
735   for (i=0; i<n; i++) {
736     if (((x[i] > xl[i] + 1.e-8 || (f[i] < 0.0)) && ((x[i] < xu[i] - 1.e-8) || f[i] > 0.0))) rnorm += f[i]*f[i];
737   }
738   ierr = VecRestoreArrayRead(F,&f);CHKERRQ(ierr);
739   ierr = VecRestoreArrayRead(vi->xl,&xl);CHKERRQ(ierr);
740   ierr = VecRestoreArrayRead(vi->xu,&xu);CHKERRQ(ierr);
741   ierr = VecRestoreArrayRead(X,&x);CHKERRQ(ierr);
742   ierr = MPI_Allreduce(&rnorm,fnorm,1,MPIU_REAL,MPIU_SUM,((PetscObject)snes)->comm);CHKERRQ(ierr);
743   *fnorm = sqrt(*fnorm);
744   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
745 }
746 
747 /* Variational Inequality solver using reduce space method. No semismooth algorithm is
748    implemented in this algorithm. It basically identifies the active variables and does
749    a linear solve on the inactive variables. */
750 #undef __FUNCT__
751 #define __FUNCT__ "SNESSolveVI_RS"
752 PetscErrorCode SNESSolveVI_RS(SNES snes)
753 {
754   SNES_VI          *vi = (SNES_VI*)snes->data;
755   PetscErrorCode    ierr;
756   PetscInt          maxits,i,lits;
757   PetscBool         lssucceed;
758   MatStructure      flg = DIFFERENT_NONZERO_PATTERN;
759   PetscReal         fnorm,gnorm,xnorm=0,ynorm;
760   Vec                Y,X,F,G,W;
761   KSPConvergedReason kspreason;
762 
763   PetscFunctionBegin;
764   snes->numFailures            = 0;
765   snes->numLinearSolveFailures = 0;
766   snes->reason                 = SNES_CONVERGED_ITERATING;
767 
768   maxits	= snes->max_its;	/* maximum number of iterations */
769   X		= snes->vec_sol;	/* solution vector */
770   F		= snes->vec_func;	/* residual vector */
771   Y		= snes->work[0];	/* work vectors */
772   G		= snes->work[1];
773   W		= snes->work[2];
774 
775   ierr = PetscObjectTakeAccess(snes);CHKERRQ(ierr);
776   snes->iter = 0;
777   snes->norm = 0.0;
778   ierr = PetscObjectGrantAccess(snes);CHKERRQ(ierr);
779 
780   ierr = SNESVIProjectOntoBounds(snes,X);CHKERRQ(ierr);
781   ierr = SNESComputeFunction(snes,X,F);CHKERRQ(ierr);
782   if (snes->domainerror) {
783     snes->reason = SNES_DIVERGED_FUNCTION_DOMAIN;
784     PetscFunctionReturn(0);
785   }
786   ierr = SNESVIComputeInactiveSetFnorm(snes,F,X,&fnorm);CHKERRQ(ierr);
787   ierr = VecNormBegin(X,NORM_2,&xnorm);CHKERRQ(ierr);	/* xnorm <- ||x||  */
788   ierr = VecNormEnd(X,NORM_2,&xnorm);CHKERRQ(ierr);
789   if (PetscIsInfOrNanReal(fnorm)) SETERRQ(PETSC_COMM_SELF,PETSC_ERR_FP,"User provided compute function generated a Not-a-Number");
790 
791   ierr = PetscObjectTakeAccess(snes);CHKERRQ(ierr);
792   snes->norm = fnorm;
793   ierr = PetscObjectGrantAccess(snes);CHKERRQ(ierr);
794   SNESLogConvHistory(snes,fnorm,0);
795   SNESMonitor(snes,0,fnorm);
796 
797   /* set parameter for default relative tolerance convergence test */
798   snes->ttol = fnorm*snes->rtol;
799   /* test convergence */
800   ierr = (*snes->ops->converged)(snes,0,0.0,0.0,fnorm,&snes->reason,snes->cnvP);CHKERRQ(ierr);
801   if (snes->reason) PetscFunctionReturn(0);
802 
803   for (i=0; i<maxits; i++) {
804 
805     IS         IS_act,IS_inact; /* _act -> active set _inact -> inactive set */
806     VecScatter scat_act,scat_inact;
807     PetscInt   nis_act,nis_inact;
808     Vec        Y_act,Y_inact,F_inact;
809     Mat        jac_inact_inact,prejac_inact_inact;
810     IS         keptrows;
811     PetscBool  isequal;
812 
813     /* Call general purpose update function */
814     if (snes->ops->update) {
815       ierr = (*snes->ops->update)(snes, snes->iter);CHKERRQ(ierr);
816     }
817     ierr = SNESComputeJacobian(snes,X,&snes->jacobian,&snes->jacobian_pre,&flg);CHKERRQ(ierr);
818 
819     /* Create active and inactive index sets */
820     ierr = SNESVICreateIndexSets_RS(snes,X,F,&IS_act,&IS_inact);CHKERRQ(ierr);
821 
822     /* Create inactive set submatrix */
823     ierr = MatGetSubMatrix(snes->jacobian,IS_inact,IS_inact,MAT_INITIAL_MATRIX,&jac_inact_inact);CHKERRQ(ierr);
824     ierr = MatFindNonzeroRows(jac_inact_inact,&keptrows);CHKERRQ(ierr);
825     if (keptrows) {
826       PetscInt       cnt,*nrows,k;
827       const PetscInt *krows,*inact;
828       PetscInt       rstart=jac_inact_inact->rmap->rstart;
829 
830       ierr = MatDestroy(&jac_inact_inact);CHKERRQ(ierr);
831       ierr = ISDestroy(&IS_act);CHKERRQ(ierr);
832 
833       ierr = ISGetLocalSize(keptrows,&cnt);CHKERRQ(ierr);
834       ierr = ISGetIndices(keptrows,&krows);CHKERRQ(ierr);
835       ierr = ISGetIndices(IS_inact,&inact);CHKERRQ(ierr);
836       ierr = PetscMalloc(cnt*sizeof(PetscInt),&nrows);CHKERRQ(ierr);
837       for (k=0; k<cnt; k++) {
838         nrows[k] = inact[krows[k]-rstart];
839       }
840       ierr = ISRestoreIndices(keptrows,&krows);CHKERRQ(ierr);
841       ierr = ISRestoreIndices(IS_inact,&inact);CHKERRQ(ierr);
842       ierr = ISDestroy(&keptrows);CHKERRQ(ierr);
843       ierr = ISDestroy(&IS_inact);CHKERRQ(ierr);
844 
845       ierr = ISCreateGeneral(PETSC_COMM_WORLD,cnt,nrows,PETSC_OWN_POINTER,&IS_inact);CHKERRQ(ierr);
846       ierr = ISComplement(IS_inact,F->map->rstart,F->map->rend,&IS_act);CHKERRQ(ierr);
847       ierr = MatGetSubMatrix(snes->jacobian,IS_inact,IS_inact,MAT_INITIAL_MATRIX,&jac_inact_inact);CHKERRQ(ierr);
848     }
849 
850     /* Get sizes of active and inactive sets */
851     ierr = ISGetLocalSize(IS_act,&nis_act);CHKERRQ(ierr);
852     ierr = ISGetLocalSize(IS_inact,&nis_inact);CHKERRQ(ierr);
853 
854     /* Create active and inactive set vectors */
855     ierr = SNESVICreateSubVectors(snes,nis_inact,&F_inact);CHKERRQ(ierr);
856     ierr = SNESVICreateSubVectors(snes,nis_act,&Y_act);CHKERRQ(ierr);
857     ierr = SNESVICreateSubVectors(snes,nis_inact,&Y_inact);CHKERRQ(ierr);
858 
859     /* Create scatter contexts */
860     ierr = VecScatterCreate(Y,IS_act,Y_act,PETSC_NULL,&scat_act);CHKERRQ(ierr);
861     ierr = VecScatterCreate(Y,IS_inact,Y_inact,PETSC_NULL,&scat_inact);CHKERRQ(ierr);
862 
863     /* Do a vec scatter to active and inactive set vectors */
864     ierr = VecScatterBegin(scat_inact,F,F_inact,INSERT_VALUES,SCATTER_FORWARD);CHKERRQ(ierr);
865     ierr = VecScatterEnd(scat_inact,F,F_inact,INSERT_VALUES,SCATTER_FORWARD);CHKERRQ(ierr);
866 
867     ierr = VecScatterBegin(scat_act,Y,Y_act,INSERT_VALUES,SCATTER_FORWARD);CHKERRQ(ierr);
868     ierr = VecScatterEnd(scat_act,Y,Y_act,INSERT_VALUES,SCATTER_FORWARD);CHKERRQ(ierr);
869 
870     ierr = VecScatterBegin(scat_inact,Y,Y_inact,INSERT_VALUES,SCATTER_FORWARD);CHKERRQ(ierr);
871     ierr = VecScatterEnd(scat_inact,Y,Y_inact,INSERT_VALUES,SCATTER_FORWARD);CHKERRQ(ierr);
872 
873     /* Active set direction = 0 */
874     ierr = VecSet(Y_act,0);CHKERRQ(ierr);
875     if (snes->jacobian != snes->jacobian_pre) {
876       ierr = MatGetSubMatrix(snes->jacobian_pre,IS_inact,IS_inact,MAT_INITIAL_MATRIX,&prejac_inact_inact);CHKERRQ(ierr);
877     } else prejac_inact_inact = jac_inact_inact;
878 
879     ierr = ISEqual(vi->IS_inact_prev,IS_inact,&isequal);CHKERRQ(ierr);
880     if (!isequal) {
881       ierr = SNESVIResetPCandKSP(snes,jac_inact_inact,prejac_inact_inact);CHKERRQ(ierr);
882     }
883 
884     /*      ierr = ISView(IS_inact,0);CHKERRQ(ierr); */
885     /*      ierr = ISView(IS_act,0);CHKERRQ(ierr);*/
886     /*      ierr = MatView(snes->jacobian_pre,0); */
887 
888     ierr = KSPSetOperators(snes->ksp,jac_inact_inact,prejac_inact_inact,flg);CHKERRQ(ierr);
889     ierr = KSPSetUp(snes->ksp);CHKERRQ(ierr);
890     {
891       PC        pc;
892       PetscBool flg;
893       ierr = KSPGetPC(snes->ksp,&pc);CHKERRQ(ierr);
894       ierr = PetscTypeCompare((PetscObject)pc,PCFIELDSPLIT,&flg);CHKERRQ(ierr);
895       if (flg) {
896         KSP      *subksps;
897         ierr = PCFieldSplitGetSubKSP(pc,PETSC_NULL,&subksps);CHKERRQ(ierr);
898         ierr = KSPGetPC(subksps[0],&pc);CHKERRQ(ierr);
899         ierr = PetscFree(subksps);CHKERRQ(ierr);
900         ierr = PetscTypeCompare((PetscObject)pc,PCBJACOBI,&flg);CHKERRQ(ierr);
901         if (flg) {
902           PetscInt       n,N = 101*101,j,cnts[3] = {0,0,0};
903           const PetscInt *ii;
904 
905           ierr = ISGetSize(IS_inact,&n);CHKERRQ(ierr);
906           ierr = ISGetIndices(IS_inact,&ii);CHKERRQ(ierr);
907           for (j=0; j<n; j++) {
908             if (ii[j] < N) cnts[0]++;
909             else if (ii[j] < 2*N) cnts[1]++;
910             else if (ii[j] < 3*N) cnts[2]++;
911           }
912           ierr = ISRestoreIndices(IS_inact,&ii);CHKERRQ(ierr);
913 
914           ierr = PCBJacobiSetTotalBlocks(pc,3,cnts);CHKERRQ(ierr);
915         }
916       }
917     }
918 
919     ierr = SNES_KSPSolve(snes,snes->ksp,F_inact,Y_inact);CHKERRQ(ierr);
920     ierr = KSPGetConvergedReason(snes->ksp,&kspreason);CHKERRQ(ierr);
921     if (kspreason < 0) {
922       if (++snes->numLinearSolveFailures >= snes->maxLinearSolveFailures) {
923         ierr = PetscInfo2(snes,"iter=%D, number linear solve failures %D greater than current SNES allowed, stopping solve\n",snes->iter,snes->numLinearSolveFailures);CHKERRQ(ierr);
924         snes->reason = SNES_DIVERGED_LINEAR_SOLVE;
925         break;
926       }
927      }
928 
929     ierr = VecScatterBegin(scat_act,Y_act,Y,INSERT_VALUES,SCATTER_REVERSE);CHKERRQ(ierr);
930     ierr = VecScatterEnd(scat_act,Y_act,Y,INSERT_VALUES,SCATTER_REVERSE);CHKERRQ(ierr);
931     ierr = VecScatterBegin(scat_inact,Y_inact,Y,INSERT_VALUES,SCATTER_REVERSE);CHKERRQ(ierr);
932     ierr = VecScatterEnd(scat_inact,Y_inact,Y,INSERT_VALUES,SCATTER_REVERSE);CHKERRQ(ierr);
933 
934     ierr = VecDestroy(&F_inact);CHKERRQ(ierr);
935     ierr = VecDestroy(&Y_act);CHKERRQ(ierr);
936     ierr = VecDestroy(&Y_inact);CHKERRQ(ierr);
937     ierr = VecScatterDestroy(&scat_act);CHKERRQ(ierr);
938     ierr = VecScatterDestroy(&scat_inact);CHKERRQ(ierr);
939     ierr = ISDestroy(&IS_act);CHKERRQ(ierr);
940     if (!isequal) {
941       ierr = ISDestroy(&vi->IS_inact_prev);CHKERRQ(ierr);
942       ierr = ISDuplicate(IS_inact,&vi->IS_inact_prev);CHKERRQ(ierr);
943     }
944     ierr = ISDestroy(&IS_inact);CHKERRQ(ierr);
945     ierr = MatDestroy(&jac_inact_inact);CHKERRQ(ierr);
946     if (snes->jacobian != snes->jacobian_pre) {
947       ierr = MatDestroy(&prejac_inact_inact);CHKERRQ(ierr);
948     }
949     ierr = KSPGetIterationNumber(snes->ksp,&lits);CHKERRQ(ierr);
950     snes->linear_its += lits;
951     ierr = PetscInfo2(snes,"iter=%D, linear solve iterations=%D\n",snes->iter,lits);CHKERRQ(ierr);
952     /*
953     if (vi->precheckstep) {
954       PetscBool changed_y = PETSC_FALSE;
955       ierr = (*vi->precheckstep)(snes,X,Y,vi->precheck,&changed_y);CHKERRQ(ierr);
956     }
957 
958     if (PetscLogPrintInfo){
959       ierr = SNESVICheckResidual_Private(snes,snes->jacobian,F,Y,G,W);CHKERRQ(ierr);
960     }
961     */
962     /* Compute a (scaled) negative update in the line search routine:
963          Y <- X - lambda*Y
964        and evaluate G = function(Y) (depends on the line search).
965     */
966     ierr = VecCopy(Y,snes->vec_sol_update);CHKERRQ(ierr);
967     ynorm = 1; gnorm = fnorm;
968     ierr = (*vi->LineSearch)(snes,vi->lsP,X,F,G,Y,W,fnorm,xnorm,&ynorm,&gnorm,&lssucceed);CHKERRQ(ierr);
969     ierr = PetscInfo4(snes,"fnorm=%18.16e, gnorm=%18.16e, ynorm=%18.16e, lssucceed=%d\n",fnorm,gnorm,ynorm,(int)lssucceed);CHKERRQ(ierr);
970     if (snes->reason == SNES_DIVERGED_FUNCTION_COUNT) break;
971     if (snes->domainerror) {
972       snes->reason = SNES_DIVERGED_FUNCTION_DOMAIN;
973       PetscFunctionReturn(0);
974     }
975     if (!lssucceed) {
976       if (++snes->numFailures >= snes->maxFailures) {
977 	PetscBool ismin;
978         snes->reason = SNES_DIVERGED_LINE_SEARCH;
979         ierr = SNESVICheckLocalMin_Private(snes,snes->jacobian,G,W,gnorm,&ismin);CHKERRQ(ierr);
980         if (ismin) snes->reason = SNES_DIVERGED_LOCAL_MIN;
981         break;
982       }
983     }
984     /* Update function and solution vectors */
985     fnorm = gnorm;
986     ierr = VecCopy(G,F);CHKERRQ(ierr);
987     ierr = VecCopy(W,X);CHKERRQ(ierr);
988     /* Monitor convergence */
989     ierr = PetscObjectTakeAccess(snes);CHKERRQ(ierr);
990     snes->iter = i+1;
991     snes->norm = fnorm;
992     ierr = PetscObjectGrantAccess(snes);CHKERRQ(ierr);
993     SNESLogConvHistory(snes,snes->norm,lits);
994     SNESMonitor(snes,snes->iter,snes->norm);
995     /* Test for convergence, xnorm = || X || */
996     if (snes->ops->converged != SNESSkipConverged) { ierr = VecNorm(X,NORM_2,&xnorm);CHKERRQ(ierr); }
997     ierr = (*snes->ops->converged)(snes,snes->iter,xnorm,ynorm,fnorm,&snes->reason,snes->cnvP);CHKERRQ(ierr);
998     if (snes->reason) break;
999   }
1000   if (i == maxits) {
1001     ierr = PetscInfo1(snes,"Maximum number of iterations has been reached: %D\n",maxits);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1002     if(!snes->reason) snes->reason = SNES_DIVERGED_MAX_IT;
1003   }
1004   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
1005 }
1006 
1007 #undef __FUNCT__
1008 #define __FUNCT__ "SNESVISetRedundancyCheck"
1009 PetscErrorCode SNESVISetRedundancyCheck(SNES snes,PetscErrorCode (*func)(SNES,IS,IS*,void*))
1010 {
1011   SNES_VI         *vi = (SNES_VI*)snes->data;
1012 
1013   PetscFunctionBegin;
1014   PetscValidHeaderSpecific(snes,SNES_CLASSID,1);
1015   vi->checkredundancy = func;
1016   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
1017 }
1018 
1019 #if defined(PETSC_HAVE_MATLAB_ENGINE)
1020 #include <engine.h>
1021 #include <mex.h>
1022 typedef struct {char *funcname; mxArray *ctx;} SNESVIMatlabContext;
1023 
1024 #undef __FUNCT__
1025 #define __FUNCT__ "SNESVIRedundancyCheck_Matlab"
1026 PetscErrorCode SNESVIRedundancyCheck_Matlab(SNES snes,IS is_act,IS* is_redact,void* ctx)
1027 {
1028   PetscErrorCode      ierr;
1029   SNESVIMatlabContext *sctx = (SNESVIMatlabContext*)ctx;
1030   int                 nlhs = 2, nrhs = 4;
1031   mxArray             *plhs[2], *prhs[4];
1032   long long int       l1 = 0,ls = 0;
1033 
1034   PetscFunctionBegin;
1035   PetscValidHeaderSpecific(snes,SNES_CLASSID,1);
1036   PetscValidHeaderSpecific(is_act,IS_CLASSID,2);
1037   PetscValidPointer(is_redact,3);
1038   PetscCheckSameComm(snes,1,is_act,2);
1039 
1040   /* call Matlab function in ctx with arguments is_act */
1041   ierr = PetscMemcpy(&ls,&snes,sizeof(snes));CHKERRQ(ierr);
1042   ierr = PetscMemcpy(&l1,&is_act,sizeof(is_act));CHKERRQ(ierr);
1043   prhs[0] = mxCreateDoubleScalar((double)ls);
1044   prhs[1] = mxCreateDoubleScalar((double)l1);
1045   prhs[2] = mxCreateString(sctx->funcname);
1046   prhs[3] = sctx->ctx;
1047   ierr    = mexCallMATLAB(nlhs,plhs,nrhs,prhs,"PetscSNESVIRedundancyCheckInternal");CHKERRQ(ierr);
1048   ierr    = mxGetScalar(plhs[0]);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1049   *is_redact = (IS)mxGetPr(plhs[1]);
1050   mxDestroyArray(prhs[0]);
1051   mxDestroyArray(prhs[1]);
1052   mxDestroyArray(prhs[2]);
1053   mxDestroyArray(prhs[3]);
1054   mxDestroyArray(plhs[0]);
1055   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
1056 }
1057 
1058 #undef __FUNCT__
1059 #define __FUNCT__ "SNESVISetRedundancyCheckMatlab"
1060 PetscErrorCode SNESVISetRedundancyCheckMatlab(SNES snes,const char* func,mxArray* ctx)
1061 {
1062   PetscErrorCode      ierr;
1063   SNESVIMatlabContext *sctx;
1064   SNES_VI             *vi = (SNES_VI*)snes->data;
1065 
1066   PetscFunctionBegin;
1067   /* currently sctx is memory bleed */
1068   ierr = PetscMalloc(sizeof(SNESVIMatlabContext),&sctx);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1069   ierr = PetscStrallocpy(func,&sctx->funcname);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1070 
1071   sctx->ctx = mxDuplicateArray(ctx);
1072   vi->checkredundancy = SNESVIRedundancyCheck_Matlab;
1073   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
1074 }
1075 
1076 #endif
1077 
1078 
1079 /* Variational Inequality solver using augmented space method. It does the opposite of the
1080    reduced space method i.e. it identifies the active set variables and instead of discarding
1081    them it augments the original system by introducing additional equality
1082    constraint equations for active set variables. The user can optionally provide an IS for
1083    a subset of 'redundant' active set variables which will treated as free variables.
1084    Specific implementation for Allen-Cahn problem
1085 */
1086 #undef __FUNCT__
1087 #define __FUNCT__ "SNESSolveVI_RS2"
1088 PetscErrorCode SNESSolveVI_RS2(SNES snes)
1089 {
1090   SNES_VI          *vi = (SNES_VI*)snes->data;
1091   PetscErrorCode    ierr;
1092   PetscInt          maxits,i,lits;
1093   PetscBool         lssucceed;
1094   MatStructure      flg = DIFFERENT_NONZERO_PATTERN;
1095   PetscReal         fnorm,gnorm,xnorm=0,ynorm;
1096   Vec                Y,X,F,G,W;
1097   KSPConvergedReason kspreason;
1098 
1099   PetscFunctionBegin;
1100   snes->numFailures            = 0;
1101   snes->numLinearSolveFailures = 0;
1102   snes->reason                 = SNES_CONVERGED_ITERATING;
1103 
1104   maxits	= snes->max_its;	/* maximum number of iterations */
1105   X		= snes->vec_sol;	/* solution vector */
1106   F		= snes->vec_func;	/* residual vector */
1107   Y		= snes->work[0];	/* work vectors */
1108   G		= snes->work[1];
1109   W		= snes->work[2];
1110 
1111   ierr = PetscObjectTakeAccess(snes);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1112   snes->iter = 0;
1113   snes->norm = 0.0;
1114   ierr = PetscObjectGrantAccess(snes);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1115 
1116   ierr = SNESVIProjectOntoBounds(snes,X);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1117   ierr = SNESComputeFunction(snes,X,F);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1118   if (snes->domainerror) {
1119     snes->reason = SNES_DIVERGED_FUNCTION_DOMAIN;
1120     PetscFunctionReturn(0);
1121   }
1122   ierr = SNESVIComputeInactiveSetFnorm(snes,F,X,&fnorm);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1123   ierr = VecNormBegin(X,NORM_2,&xnorm);CHKERRQ(ierr);	/* xnorm <- ||x||  */
1124   ierr = VecNormEnd(X,NORM_2,&xnorm);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1125   if (PetscIsInfOrNanReal(fnorm)) SETERRQ(PETSC_COMM_SELF,PETSC_ERR_FP,"User provided compute function generated a Not-a-Number");
1126 
1127   ierr = PetscObjectTakeAccess(snes);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1128   snes->norm = fnorm;
1129   ierr = PetscObjectGrantAccess(snes);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1130   SNESLogConvHistory(snes,fnorm,0);
1131   SNESMonitor(snes,0,fnorm);
1132 
1133   /* set parameter for default relative tolerance convergence test */
1134   snes->ttol = fnorm*snes->rtol;
1135   /* test convergence */
1136   ierr = (*snes->ops->converged)(snes,0,0.0,0.0,fnorm,&snes->reason,snes->cnvP);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1137   if (snes->reason) PetscFunctionReturn(0);
1138 
1139   for (i=0; i<maxits; i++) {
1140     IS             IS_act,IS_inact; /* _act -> active set _inact -> inactive set */
1141     IS             IS_redact=PETSC_NULL; /* redundant active set */
1142     Mat            J_aug,Jpre_aug;
1143     Vec            F_aug,Y_aug;
1144     PetscInt       nis_redact,nis_act;
1145     const PetscInt *idx_redact,*idx_act;
1146     PetscInt       k;
1147     PetscInt       *idx_actkept=PETSC_NULL,nkept=0; /* list of kept active set */
1148     PetscScalar    *f,*f2;
1149     PetscBool      isequal;
1150     PetscInt       i1=0,j1=0;
1151 
1152     /* Call general purpose update function */
1153     if (snes->ops->update) {
1154       ierr = (*snes->ops->update)(snes, snes->iter);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1155     }
1156     ierr = SNESComputeJacobian(snes,X,&snes->jacobian,&snes->jacobian_pre,&flg);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1157 
1158     /* Create active and inactive index sets */
1159     ierr = SNESVICreateIndexSets_RS(snes,X,F,&IS_act,&IS_inact);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1160 
1161     /* Get local active set size */
1162     ierr = ISGetLocalSize(IS_act,&nis_act);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1163     ierr = ISGetIndices(IS_act,&idx_act);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1164     if(nis_act) {
1165       if(vi->checkredundancy) {
1166 	(*vi->checkredundancy)(snes,IS_act,&IS_redact,snes->funP);
1167       }
1168 
1169       if(!IS_redact) {
1170 	/* User called checkredundancy function but didn't create IS_redact because
1171            there were no redundant active set variables */
1172 	/* Copy over all active set indices to the list */
1173 	ierr = PetscMalloc(nis_act*sizeof(PetscInt),&idx_actkept);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1174 	for(k=0;k < nis_act;k++) idx_actkept[k] = idx_act[k];
1175 	nkept = nis_act;
1176       } else {
1177 	ierr = ISGetLocalSize(IS_redact,&nis_redact);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1178 	ierr = PetscMalloc((nis_act-nis_redact)*sizeof(PetscInt),&idx_actkept);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1179 
1180 	/* Create reduced active set list */
1181 	ierr = ISGetIndices(IS_act,&idx_act);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1182 	ierr = ISGetIndices(IS_redact,&idx_redact);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1183 	j1 = 0;
1184 	for(k=0;k<nis_act;k++) {
1185 	  if(j1 < nis_redact && idx_act[k] == idx_redact[j1]) j1++;
1186 	  else idx_actkept[nkept++] = idx_act[k];
1187 	}
1188 	ierr = ISRestoreIndices(IS_act,&idx_act);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1189 	ierr = ISRestoreIndices(IS_redact,&idx_redact);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1190       }
1191 
1192       /* Create augmented F and Y */
1193       ierr = VecCreate(((PetscObject)snes)->comm,&F_aug);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1194       ierr = VecSetSizes(F_aug,F->map->n+nkept,PETSC_DECIDE);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1195       ierr = VecSetFromOptions(F_aug);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1196       ierr = VecDuplicate(F_aug,&Y_aug);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1197 
1198       /* Copy over F to F_aug in the first n locations */
1199       ierr = VecGetArray(F,&f);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1200       ierr = VecGetArray(F_aug,&f2);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1201       ierr = PetscMemcpy(f2,f,F->map->n*sizeof(PetscScalar));CHKERRQ(ierr);
1202       ierr = VecRestoreArray(F,&f);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1203       ierr = VecRestoreArray(F_aug,&f2);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1204 
1205       /* Create the augmented jacobian matrix */
1206       ierr = MatCreate(((PetscObject)snes)->comm,&J_aug);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1207       ierr = MatSetSizes(J_aug,X->map->n+nkept,X->map->n+nkept,PETSC_DECIDE,PETSC_DECIDE);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1208       ierr = MatSetFromOptions(J_aug);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1209 
1210 
1211       { /* local vars */
1212       /* Preallocate augmented matrix and set values in it...Doing only sequential case first*/
1213       PetscInt          ncols;
1214       const PetscInt    *cols;
1215       const PetscScalar *vals;
1216       PetscScalar        value=1.0;
1217       PetscInt           row,col;
1218       PetscInt           *d_nnz;
1219 
1220       ierr = PetscMalloc((X->map->n+nkept)*sizeof(PetscInt),&d_nnz);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1221       ierr = PetscMemzero(d_nnz,(X->map->n+nkept)*sizeof(PetscInt));CHKERRQ(ierr);
1222       for(row=0;row<snes->jacobian->rmap->n;row++) {
1223         ierr = MatGetRow(snes->jacobian,row,&ncols,PETSC_NULL,PETSC_NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1224         d_nnz[row] += ncols;
1225         ierr = MatRestoreRow(snes->jacobian,row,&ncols,PETSC_NULL,PETSC_NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1226       }
1227 
1228       for(k=0;k<nkept;k++) {
1229         d_nnz[idx_actkept[k]] += 1;
1230         d_nnz[snes->jacobian->rmap->n+k] += 1;
1231       }
1232       ierr = MatSeqAIJSetPreallocation(J_aug,PETSC_NULL,d_nnz);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1233 
1234       ierr = PetscFree(d_nnz);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1235 
1236       /* Set the original jacobian matrix in J_aug */
1237       for(row=0;row<snes->jacobian->rmap->n;row++) {
1238 	ierr = MatGetRow(snes->jacobian,row,&ncols,&cols,&vals);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1239 	ierr = MatSetValues(J_aug,1,&row,ncols,cols,vals,INSERT_VALUES);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1240 	ierr = MatRestoreRow(snes->jacobian,row,&ncols,&cols,&vals);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1241       }
1242       /* Add the augmented part */
1243       for(k=0;k<nkept;k++) {
1244 	row = idx_actkept[k];
1245 	col = snes->jacobian->rmap->n+k;
1246 	ierr = MatSetValues(J_aug,1,&row,1,&col,&value,INSERT_VALUES);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1247 	ierr = MatSetValues(J_aug,1,&col,1,&row,&value,INSERT_VALUES);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1248       }
1249       ierr = MatAssemblyBegin(J_aug,MAT_FINAL_ASSEMBLY);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1250       ierr = MatAssemblyEnd(J_aug,MAT_FINAL_ASSEMBLY);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1251       /* Only considering prejac = jac for now */
1252       Jpre_aug = J_aug;
1253       } /* local vars*/
1254     } else {
1255       F_aug = F; J_aug = snes->jacobian; Y_aug = Y; Jpre_aug = snes->jacobian_pre;
1256     }
1257 
1258     ierr = ISEqual(vi->IS_inact_prev,IS_inact,&isequal);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1259     if (!isequal) {
1260       ierr = SNESVIResetPCandKSP(snes,J_aug,Jpre_aug);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1261     }
1262     ierr = KSPSetOperators(snes->ksp,J_aug,Jpre_aug,flg);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1263     ierr = KSPSetUp(snes->ksp);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1264     /*  {
1265       PC        pc;
1266       PetscBool flg;
1267       ierr = KSPGetPC(snes->ksp,&pc);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1268       ierr = PetscTypeCompare((PetscObject)pc,PCFIELDSPLIT,&flg);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1269       if (flg) {
1270         KSP      *subksps;
1271         ierr = PCFieldSplitGetSubKSP(pc,PETSC_NULL,&subksps);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1272         ierr = KSPGetPC(subksps[0],&pc);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1273         ierr = PetscFree(subksps);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1274         ierr = PetscTypeCompare((PetscObject)pc,PCBJACOBI,&flg);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1275         if (flg) {
1276           PetscInt       n,N = 101*101,j,cnts[3] = {0,0,0};
1277           const PetscInt *ii;
1278 
1279           ierr = ISGetSize(IS_inact,&n);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1280           ierr = ISGetIndices(IS_inact,&ii);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1281           for (j=0; j<n; j++) {
1282             if (ii[j] < N) cnts[0]++;
1283             else if (ii[j] < 2*N) cnts[1]++;
1284             else if (ii[j] < 3*N) cnts[2]++;
1285           }
1286           ierr = ISRestoreIndices(IS_inact,&ii);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1287 
1288           ierr = PCBJacobiSetTotalBlocks(pc,3,cnts);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1289         }
1290       }
1291     }
1292     */
1293     ierr = SNES_KSPSolve(snes,snes->ksp,F_aug,Y_aug);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1294     ierr = KSPGetConvergedReason(snes->ksp,&kspreason);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1295     if (kspreason < 0) {
1296       if (++snes->numLinearSolveFailures >= snes->maxLinearSolveFailures) {
1297         ierr = PetscInfo2(snes,"iter=%D, number linear solve failures %D greater than current SNES allowed, stopping solve\n",snes->iter,snes->numLinearSolveFailures);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1298         snes->reason = SNES_DIVERGED_LINEAR_SOLVE;
1299         break;
1300       }
1301     }
1302 
1303     if(nis_act) {
1304       PetscScalar *y1,*y2;
1305       ierr = VecGetArray(Y,&y1);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1306       ierr = VecGetArray(Y_aug,&y2);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1307       /* Copy over inactive Y_aug to Y */
1308       j1 = 0;
1309       for(i1=Y->map->rstart;i1 < Y->map->rend;i1++) {
1310 	if(j1 < nkept && idx_actkept[j1] == i1) j1++;
1311 	else y1[i1-Y->map->rstart] = y2[i1-Y->map->rstart];
1312       }
1313       ierr = VecRestoreArray(Y,&y1);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1314       ierr = VecRestoreArray(Y_aug,&y2);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1315 
1316       ierr = VecDestroy(&F_aug);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1317       ierr = VecDestroy(&Y_aug);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1318       ierr = MatDestroy(&J_aug);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1319       ierr = PetscFree(idx_actkept);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1320     }
1321 
1322     if (!isequal) {
1323       ierr = ISDestroy(&vi->IS_inact_prev);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1324       ierr = ISDuplicate(IS_inact,&vi->IS_inact_prev);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1325     }
1326     ierr = ISDestroy(&IS_inact);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1327 
1328     ierr = KSPGetIterationNumber(snes->ksp,&lits);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1329     snes->linear_its += lits;
1330     ierr = PetscInfo2(snes,"iter=%D, linear solve iterations=%D\n",snes->iter,lits);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1331     /*
1332     if (vi->precheckstep) {
1333       PetscBool changed_y = PETSC_FALSE;
1334       ierr = (*vi->precheckstep)(snes,X,Y,vi->precheck,&changed_y);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1335     }
1336 
1337     if (PetscLogPrintInfo){
1338       ierr = SNESVICheckResidual_Private(snes,snes->jacobian,F,Y,G,W);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1339     }
1340     */
1341     /* Compute a (scaled) negative update in the line search routine:
1342          Y <- X - lambda*Y
1343        and evaluate G = function(Y) (depends on the line search).
1344     */
1345     ierr = VecCopy(Y,snes->vec_sol_update);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1346     ynorm = 1; gnorm = fnorm;
1347     ierr = (*vi->LineSearch)(snes,vi->lsP,X,F,G,Y,W,fnorm,xnorm,&ynorm,&gnorm,&lssucceed);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1348     ierr = PetscInfo4(snes,"fnorm=%18.16e, gnorm=%18.16e, ynorm=%18.16e, lssucceed=%d\n",fnorm,gnorm,ynorm,(int)lssucceed);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1349     if (snes->reason == SNES_DIVERGED_FUNCTION_COUNT) break;
1350     if (snes->domainerror) {
1351       snes->reason = SNES_DIVERGED_FUNCTION_DOMAIN;
1352       PetscFunctionReturn(0);
1353     }
1354     if (!lssucceed) {
1355       if (++snes->numFailures >= snes->maxFailures) {
1356 	PetscBool ismin;
1357         snes->reason = SNES_DIVERGED_LINE_SEARCH;
1358         ierr = SNESVICheckLocalMin_Private(snes,snes->jacobian,G,W,gnorm,&ismin);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1359         if (ismin) snes->reason = SNES_DIVERGED_LOCAL_MIN;
1360         break;
1361       }
1362     }
1363     /* Update function and solution vectors */
1364     fnorm = gnorm;
1365     ierr = VecCopy(G,F);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1366     ierr = VecCopy(W,X);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1367     /* Monitor convergence */
1368     ierr = PetscObjectTakeAccess(snes);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1369     snes->iter = i+1;
1370     snes->norm = fnorm;
1371     ierr = PetscObjectGrantAccess(snes);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1372     SNESLogConvHistory(snes,snes->norm,lits);
1373     SNESMonitor(snes,snes->iter,snes->norm);
1374     /* Test for convergence, xnorm = || X || */
1375     if (snes->ops->converged != SNESSkipConverged) { ierr = VecNorm(X,NORM_2,&xnorm);CHKERRQ(ierr); }
1376     ierr = (*snes->ops->converged)(snes,snes->iter,xnorm,ynorm,fnorm,&snes->reason,snes->cnvP);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1377     if (snes->reason) break;
1378   }
1379   if (i == maxits) {
1380     ierr = PetscInfo1(snes,"Maximum number of iterations has been reached: %D\n",maxits);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1381     if(!snes->reason) snes->reason = SNES_DIVERGED_MAX_IT;
1382   }
1383   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
1384 }
1385 
1386 /* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
1387 /*
1388    SNESSetUp_VI - Sets up the internal data structures for the later use
1389    of the SNESVI nonlinear solver.
1390 
1391    Input Parameter:
1392 .  snes - the SNES context
1393 .  x - the solution vector
1394 
1395    Application Interface Routine: SNESSetUp()
1396 
1397    Notes:
1398    For basic use of the SNES solvers, the user need not explicitly call
1399    SNESSetUp(), since these actions will automatically occur during
1400    the call to SNESSolve().
1401  */
1402 #undef __FUNCT__
1403 #define __FUNCT__ "SNESSetUp_VI"
1404 PetscErrorCode SNESSetUp_VI(SNES snes)
1405 {
1406   PetscErrorCode ierr;
1407   SNES_VI        *vi = (SNES_VI*) snes->data;
1408   PetscInt       i_start[3],i_end[3];
1409 
1410   PetscFunctionBegin;
1411 
1412   ierr = SNESDefaultGetWork(snes,3);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1413 
1414   /* If the lower and upper bound on variables are not set, set it to
1415      -Inf and Inf */
1416   if (!vi->xl && !vi->xu) {
1417     vi->usersetxbounds = PETSC_FALSE;
1418     ierr = VecDuplicate(snes->vec_sol, &vi->xl); CHKERRQ(ierr);
1419     ierr = VecSet(vi->xl,PETSC_VI_NINF);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1420     ierr = VecDuplicate(snes->vec_sol, &vi->xu); CHKERRQ(ierr);
1421     ierr = VecSet(vi->xu,PETSC_VI_INF);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1422   } else {
1423     /* Check if lower bound, upper bound and solution vector distribution across the processors is identical */
1424     ierr = VecGetOwnershipRange(snes->vec_sol,i_start,i_end);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1425     ierr = VecGetOwnershipRange(vi->xl,i_start+1,i_end+1);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1426     ierr = VecGetOwnershipRange(vi->xu,i_start+2,i_end+2);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1427     if ((i_start[0] != i_start[1]) || (i_start[0] != i_start[2]) || (i_end[0] != i_end[1]) || (i_end[0] != i_end[2]))
1428       SETERRQ(PETSC_COMM_SELF,PETSC_ERR_ARG_SIZ,"Distribution of lower bound, upper bound and the solution vector should be identical across all the processors.");
1429   }
1430   if (snes->ops->solve != SNESSolveVI_SS) {
1431     /* Set up previous active index set for the first snes solve
1432        vi->IS_inact_prev = 0,1,2,....N */
1433     PetscInt *indices;
1434     PetscInt  i,n,rstart,rend;
1435 
1436     ierr = VecGetOwnershipRange(snes->vec_sol,&rstart,&rend);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1437     ierr = VecGetLocalSize(snes->vec_sol,&n);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1438     ierr = PetscMalloc(n*sizeof(PetscInt),&indices);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1439     for(i=0;i < n; i++) indices[i] = rstart + i;
1440     ierr = ISCreateGeneral(((PetscObject)snes)->comm,n,indices,PETSC_OWN_POINTER,&vi->IS_inact_prev);
1441   }
1442 
1443   if (snes->ops->solve == SNESSolveVI_SS) {
1444     ierr = VecDuplicate(snes->vec_sol, &vi->dpsi);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1445     ierr = VecDuplicate(snes->vec_sol, &vi->phi); CHKERRQ(ierr);
1446     ierr = VecDuplicate(snes->vec_sol, &vi->Da); CHKERRQ(ierr);
1447     ierr = VecDuplicate(snes->vec_sol, &vi->Db); CHKERRQ(ierr);
1448     ierr = VecDuplicate(snes->vec_sol, &vi->z);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1449     ierr = VecDuplicate(snes->vec_sol, &vi->t); CHKERRQ(ierr);
1450   }
1451   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
1452 }
1453 /* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
1454 /*
1455    SNESDestroy_VI - Destroys the private SNES_VI context that was created
1456    with SNESCreate_VI().
1457 
1458    Input Parameter:
1459 .  snes - the SNES context
1460 
1461    Application Interface Routine: SNESDestroy()
1462  */
1463 #undef __FUNCT__
1464 #define __FUNCT__ "SNESDestroy_VI"
1465 PetscErrorCode SNESDestroy_VI(SNES snes)
1466 {
1467   SNES_VI        *vi = (SNES_VI*) snes->data;
1468   PetscErrorCode ierr;
1469 
1470   PetscFunctionBegin;
1471   if (snes->ops->solve != SNESSolveVI_SS) {
1472     ierr = ISDestroy(&vi->IS_inact_prev);
1473   }
1474 
1475   if (snes->ops->solve == SNESSolveVI_SS) {
1476     /* clear vectors */
1477     ierr = VecDestroy(&vi->dpsi);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1478     ierr = VecDestroy(&vi->phi); CHKERRQ(ierr);
1479     ierr = VecDestroy(&vi->Da); CHKERRQ(ierr);
1480     ierr = VecDestroy(&vi->Db); CHKERRQ(ierr);
1481     ierr = VecDestroy(&vi->z); CHKERRQ(ierr);
1482     ierr = VecDestroy(&vi->t); CHKERRQ(ierr);
1483   }
1484 
1485   if (!vi->usersetxbounds) {
1486     ierr = VecDestroy(&vi->xl); CHKERRQ(ierr);
1487     ierr = VecDestroy(&vi->xu); CHKERRQ(ierr);
1488   }
1489 
1490   ierr = PetscViewerASCIIMonitorDestroy(&vi->lsmonitor);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1491   ierr = PetscFree(snes->data);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1492 
1493   /* clear composed functions */
1494   ierr = PetscObjectComposeFunctionDynamic((PetscObject)snes,"SNESLineSearchSet_C","",PETSC_NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1495   ierr = PetscObjectComposeFunctionDynamic((PetscObject)snes,"SNESLineSearchSetMonitor_C","",PETSC_NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1496   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
1497 }
1498 
1499 /* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
1500 #undef __FUNCT__
1501 #define __FUNCT__ "SNESLineSearchNo_VI"
1502 
1503 /*
1504   This routine does not actually do a line search but it takes a full newton
1505   step while ensuring that the new iterates remain within the constraints.
1506 
1507 */
1508 PetscErrorCode SNESLineSearchNo_VI(SNES snes,void *lsctx,Vec x,Vec f,Vec g,Vec y,Vec w,PetscReal fnorm,PetscReal xnorm,PetscReal *ynorm,PetscReal *gnorm,PetscBool *flag)
1509 {
1510   PetscErrorCode ierr;
1511   SNES_VI        *vi = (SNES_VI*)snes->data;
1512   PetscBool      changed_w = PETSC_FALSE,changed_y = PETSC_FALSE;
1513 
1514   PetscFunctionBegin;
1515   *flag = PETSC_TRUE;
1516   ierr = PetscLogEventBegin(SNES_LineSearch,snes,x,f,g);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1517   ierr = VecNorm(y,NORM_2,ynorm);CHKERRQ(ierr);         /* ynorm = || y || */
1518   ierr = VecWAXPY(w,-1.0,y,x);CHKERRQ(ierr);            /* w <- x - y   */
1519   ierr = SNESVIProjectOntoBounds(snes,w);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1520   if (vi->postcheckstep) {
1521    ierr = (*vi->postcheckstep)(snes,x,y,w,vi->postcheck,&changed_y,&changed_w);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1522   }
1523   if (changed_y) {
1524     ierr = VecWAXPY(w,-1.0,y,x);CHKERRQ(ierr);            /* w <- x - y   */
1525     ierr = SNESVIProjectOntoBounds(snes,w);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1526   }
1527   ierr = SNESVIProjectOntoBounds(snes,w);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1528   ierr = SNESComputeFunction(snes,w,g);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1529   if (!snes->domainerror) {
1530     if (snes->ops->solve != SNESSolveVI_SS) {
1531        ierr = SNESVIComputeInactiveSetFnorm(snes,g,w,gnorm);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1532     } else {
1533       ierr = VecNorm(g,NORM_2,gnorm);CHKERRQ(ierr);  /* gnorm = || g || */
1534     }
1535     if (PetscIsInfOrNanReal(*gnorm)) SETERRQ(PETSC_COMM_SELF,PETSC_ERR_FP,"User provided compute function generated a Not-a-Number");
1536   }
1537   if (vi->lsmonitor) {
1538     ierr = PetscViewerASCIIMonitorPrintf(vi->lsmonitor,"    Line search: Using full step: fnorm %G gnorm %G\n",fnorm,*gnorm);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1539   }
1540   ierr = PetscLogEventEnd(SNES_LineSearch,snes,x,f,g);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1541   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
1542 }
1543 
1544 /* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
1545 #undef __FUNCT__
1546 #define __FUNCT__ "SNESLineSearchNoNorms_VI"
1547 
1548 /*
1549   This routine is a copy of SNESLineSearchNoNorms in snes/impls/ls/ls.c
1550 */
1551 PetscErrorCode SNESLineSearchNoNorms_VI(SNES snes,void *lsctx,Vec x,Vec f,Vec g,Vec y,Vec w,PetscReal fnorm,PetscReal xnorm,PetscReal *ynorm,PetscReal *gnorm,PetscBool *flag)
1552 {
1553   PetscErrorCode ierr;
1554   SNES_VI        *vi = (SNES_VI*)snes->data;
1555   PetscBool     changed_w = PETSC_FALSE,changed_y = PETSC_FALSE;
1556 
1557   PetscFunctionBegin;
1558   *flag = PETSC_TRUE;
1559   ierr = PetscLogEventBegin(SNES_LineSearch,snes,x,f,g);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1560   ierr = VecWAXPY(w,-1.0,y,x);CHKERRQ(ierr);            /* w <- x - y      */
1561   ierr = SNESVIProjectOntoBounds(snes,w);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1562   if (vi->postcheckstep) {
1563    ierr = (*vi->postcheckstep)(snes,x,y,w,vi->postcheck,&changed_y,&changed_w);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1564   }
1565   if (changed_y) {
1566     ierr = VecWAXPY(w,-1.0,y,x);CHKERRQ(ierr);            /* w <- x - y   */
1567     ierr = SNESVIProjectOntoBounds(snes,w);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1568   }
1569 
1570   /* don't evaluate function the last time through */
1571   if (snes->iter < snes->max_its-1) {
1572     ierr = SNESComputeFunction(snes,w,g);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1573   }
1574   ierr = PetscLogEventEnd(SNES_LineSearch,snes,x,f,g);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1575   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
1576 }
1577 
1578 /* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
1579 #undef __FUNCT__
1580 #define __FUNCT__ "SNESLineSearchCubic_VI"
1581 /*
1582   This routine implements a cubic line search while doing a projection on the variable bounds
1583 */
1584 PetscErrorCode SNESLineSearchCubic_VI(SNES snes,void *lsctx,Vec x,Vec f,Vec g,Vec y,Vec w,PetscReal fnorm,PetscReal xnorm,PetscReal *ynorm,PetscReal *gnorm,PetscBool *flag)
1585 {
1586   PetscReal      initslope,lambdaprev,gnormprev,a,b,d,t1,t2,rellength;
1587   PetscReal      minlambda,lambda,lambdatemp;
1588 #if defined(PETSC_USE_COMPLEX)
1589   PetscScalar    cinitslope;
1590 #endif
1591   PetscErrorCode ierr;
1592   PetscInt       count;
1593   SNES_VI        *vi = (SNES_VI*)snes->data;
1594   PetscBool      changed_w = PETSC_FALSE,changed_y = PETSC_FALSE;
1595   MPI_Comm       comm;
1596 
1597   PetscFunctionBegin;
1598   ierr = PetscObjectGetComm((PetscObject)snes,&comm);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1599   ierr = PetscLogEventBegin(SNES_LineSearch,snes,x,f,g);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1600   *flag   = PETSC_TRUE;
1601 
1602   ierr = VecNorm(y,NORM_2,ynorm);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1603   if (*ynorm == 0.0) {
1604     if (vi->lsmonitor) {
1605       ierr = PetscViewerASCIIMonitorPrintf(vi->lsmonitor,"    Line search: Initial direction and size is 0\n");CHKERRQ(ierr);
1606     }
1607     *gnorm = fnorm;
1608     ierr   = VecCopy(x,w);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1609     ierr   = VecCopy(f,g);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1610     *flag  = PETSC_FALSE;
1611     goto theend1;
1612   }
1613   if (*ynorm > vi->maxstep) {	/* Step too big, so scale back */
1614     if (vi->lsmonitor) {
1615       ierr = PetscViewerASCIIMonitorPrintf(vi->lsmonitor,"    Line search: Scaling step by %G old ynorm %G\n",vi->maxstep/(*ynorm),*ynorm);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1616     }
1617     ierr = VecScale(y,vi->maxstep/(*ynorm));CHKERRQ(ierr);
1618     *ynorm = vi->maxstep;
1619   }
1620   ierr      = VecMaxPointwiseDivide(y,x,&rellength);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1621   minlambda = vi->minlambda/rellength;
1622   ierr = MatMult(snes->jacobian,y,w);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1623 #if defined(PETSC_USE_COMPLEX)
1624   ierr = VecDot(f,w,&cinitslope);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1625   initslope = PetscRealPart(cinitslope);
1626 #else
1627   ierr = VecDot(f,w,&initslope);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1628 #endif
1629   if (initslope > 0.0)  initslope = -initslope;
1630   if (initslope == 0.0) initslope = -1.0;
1631 
1632   ierr = VecWAXPY(w,-1.0,y,x);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1633   ierr = SNESVIProjectOntoBounds(snes,w);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1634   if (snes->nfuncs >= snes->max_funcs) {
1635     ierr  = PetscInfo(snes,"Exceeded maximum function evaluations, while checking full step length!\n");CHKERRQ(ierr);
1636     *flag = PETSC_FALSE;
1637     snes->reason = SNES_DIVERGED_FUNCTION_COUNT;
1638     goto theend1;
1639   }
1640   ierr = SNESComputeFunction(snes,w,g);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1641   if (snes->ops->solve != SNESSolveVI_SS) {
1642     ierr = SNESVIComputeInactiveSetFnorm(snes,g,w,gnorm);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1643   } else {
1644     ierr = VecNorm(g,NORM_2,gnorm);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1645   }
1646   if (snes->domainerror) {
1647     ierr = PetscLogEventEnd(SNES_LineSearch,snes,x,f,g);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1648     PetscFunctionReturn(0);
1649   }
1650   if (PetscIsInfOrNanReal(*gnorm)) SETERRQ(PETSC_COMM_SELF,PETSC_ERR_FP,"User provided compute function generated a Not-a-Number");
1651   ierr = PetscInfo2(snes,"Initial fnorm %G gnorm %G\n",fnorm,*gnorm);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1652   if (.5*(*gnorm)*(*gnorm) <= .5*fnorm*fnorm + vi->alpha*initslope) { /* Sufficient reduction */
1653     if (vi->lsmonitor) {
1654       ierr = PetscViewerASCIIMonitorPrintf(vi->lsmonitor,"    Line search: Using full step: fnorm %G gnorm %G\n",fnorm,*gnorm);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1655     }
1656     goto theend1;
1657   }
1658 
1659   /* Fit points with quadratic */
1660   lambda     = 1.0;
1661   lambdatemp = -initslope/((*gnorm)*(*gnorm) - fnorm*fnorm - 2.0*initslope);
1662   lambdaprev = lambda;
1663   gnormprev  = *gnorm;
1664   if (lambdatemp > .5*lambda)  lambdatemp = .5*lambda;
1665   if (lambdatemp <= .1*lambda) lambda = .1*lambda;
1666   else                         lambda = lambdatemp;
1667 
1668   ierr  = VecWAXPY(w,-lambda,y,x);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1669   ierr = SNESVIProjectOntoBounds(snes,w);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1670   if (snes->nfuncs >= snes->max_funcs) {
1671     ierr  = PetscInfo1(snes,"Exceeded maximum function evaluations, while attempting quadratic backtracking! %D \n",snes->nfuncs);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1672     *flag = PETSC_FALSE;
1673     snes->reason = SNES_DIVERGED_FUNCTION_COUNT;
1674     goto theend1;
1675   }
1676   ierr = SNESComputeFunction(snes,w,g);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1677   if (snes->ops->solve != SNESSolveVI_SS) {
1678     ierr = SNESVIComputeInactiveSetFnorm(snes,g,w,gnorm);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1679   } else {
1680     ierr = VecNorm(g,NORM_2,gnorm);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1681   }
1682   if (snes->domainerror) {
1683     ierr = PetscLogEventEnd(SNES_LineSearch,snes,x,f,g);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1684     PetscFunctionReturn(0);
1685   }
1686   if (PetscIsInfOrNanReal(*gnorm)) SETERRQ(PETSC_COMM_SELF,PETSC_ERR_FP,"User provided compute function generated a Not-a-Number");
1687   if (vi->lsmonitor) {
1688     ierr = PetscViewerASCIIMonitorPrintf(vi->lsmonitor,"    Line search: gnorm after quadratic fit %G\n",*gnorm);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1689   }
1690   if (.5*(*gnorm)*(*gnorm) < .5*fnorm*fnorm + lambda*vi->alpha*initslope) { /* sufficient reduction */
1691     if (vi->lsmonitor) {
1692       ierr = PetscViewerASCIIMonitorPrintf(vi->lsmonitor,"    Line search: Quadratically determined step, lambda=%18.16e\n",lambda);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1693     }
1694     goto theend1;
1695   }
1696 
1697   /* Fit points with cubic */
1698   count = 1;
1699   while (PETSC_TRUE) {
1700     if (lambda <= minlambda) {
1701       if (vi->lsmonitor) {
1702 	ierr = PetscViewerASCIIMonitorPrintf(vi->lsmonitor,"    Line search: unable to find good step length! After %D tries \n",count);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1703 	ierr = PetscViewerASCIIMonitorPrintf(vi->lsmonitor,"    Line search: fnorm=%18.16e, gnorm=%18.16e, ynorm=%18.16e, minlambda=%18.16e, lambda=%18.16e, initial slope=%18.16e\n",fnorm,*gnorm,*ynorm,minlambda,lambda,initslope);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1704       }
1705       *flag = PETSC_FALSE;
1706       break;
1707     }
1708     t1 = .5*((*gnorm)*(*gnorm) - fnorm*fnorm) - lambda*initslope;
1709     t2 = .5*(gnormprev*gnormprev  - fnorm*fnorm) - lambdaprev*initslope;
1710     a  = (t1/(lambda*lambda) - t2/(lambdaprev*lambdaprev))/(lambda-lambdaprev);
1711     b  = (-lambdaprev*t1/(lambda*lambda) + lambda*t2/(lambdaprev*lambdaprev))/(lambda-lambdaprev);
1712     d  = b*b - 3*a*initslope;
1713     if (d < 0.0) d = 0.0;
1714     if (a == 0.0) {
1715       lambdatemp = -initslope/(2.0*b);
1716     } else {
1717       lambdatemp = (-b + sqrt(d))/(3.0*a);
1718     }
1719     lambdaprev = lambda;
1720     gnormprev  = *gnorm;
1721     if (lambdatemp > .5*lambda)  lambdatemp = .5*lambda;
1722     if (lambdatemp <= .1*lambda) lambda     = .1*lambda;
1723     else                         lambda     = lambdatemp;
1724     ierr = VecWAXPY(w,-lambda,y,x);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1725     ierr = SNESVIProjectOntoBounds(snes,w);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1726     if (snes->nfuncs >= snes->max_funcs) {
1727       ierr = PetscInfo1(snes,"Exceeded maximum function evaluations, while looking for good step length! %D \n",count);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1728       ierr = PetscInfo5(snes,"fnorm=%18.16e, gnorm=%18.16e, ynorm=%18.16e, lambda=%18.16e, initial slope=%18.16e\n",fnorm,*gnorm,*ynorm,lambda,initslope);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1729       *flag = PETSC_FALSE;
1730       snes->reason = SNES_DIVERGED_FUNCTION_COUNT;
1731       break;
1732     }
1733     ierr = SNESComputeFunction(snes,w,g);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1734     if (snes->ops->solve != SNESSolveVI_SS) {
1735       ierr = SNESVIComputeInactiveSetFnorm(snes,g,w,gnorm);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1736     } else {
1737       ierr = VecNorm(g,NORM_2,gnorm);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1738     }
1739     if (snes->domainerror) {
1740       ierr = PetscLogEventEnd(SNES_LineSearch,snes,x,f,g);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1741       PetscFunctionReturn(0);
1742     }
1743     if (PetscIsInfOrNanReal(*gnorm)) SETERRQ(PETSC_COMM_SELF,PETSC_ERR_FP,"User provided compute function generated a Not-a-Number");
1744     if (.5*(*gnorm)*(*gnorm) < .5*fnorm*fnorm + lambda*vi->alpha*initslope) { /* is reduction enough? */
1745       if (vi->lsmonitor) {
1746 	ierr = PetscPrintf(comm,"    Line search: Cubically determined step, current gnorm %G lambda=%18.16e\n",*gnorm,lambda);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1747       }
1748       break;
1749     } else {
1750       if (vi->lsmonitor) {
1751         ierr = PetscPrintf(comm,"    Line search: Cubic step no good, shrinking lambda, current gnorm %G lambda=%18.16e\n",*gnorm,lambda);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1752       }
1753     }
1754     count++;
1755   }
1756   theend1:
1757   /* Optional user-defined check for line search step validity */
1758   if (vi->postcheckstep && *flag) {
1759     ierr = (*vi->postcheckstep)(snes,x,y,w,vi->postcheck,&changed_y,&changed_w);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1760     if (changed_y) {
1761       ierr = VecWAXPY(w,-1.0,y,x);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1762       ierr = SNESVIProjectOntoBounds(snes,w);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1763     }
1764     if (changed_y || changed_w) { /* recompute the function if the step has changed */
1765       ierr = SNESComputeFunction(snes,w,g);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1766       if (snes->ops->solve != SNESSolveVI_SS) {
1767         ierr = SNESVIComputeInactiveSetFnorm(snes,g,w,gnorm);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1768       } else {
1769         ierr = VecNorm(g,NORM_2,gnorm);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1770       }
1771       if (snes->domainerror) {
1772         ierr = PetscLogEventEnd(SNES_LineSearch,snes,x,f,g);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1773         PetscFunctionReturn(0);
1774       }
1775       if (PetscIsInfOrNanReal(*gnorm)) SETERRQ(PETSC_COMM_SELF,PETSC_ERR_FP,"User provided compute function generated a Not-a-Number");
1776       ierr = VecNormBegin(y,NORM_2,ynorm);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1777       ierr = VecNormEnd(y,NORM_2,ynorm);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1778     }
1779   }
1780   ierr = PetscLogEventEnd(SNES_LineSearch,snes,x,f,g);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1781   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
1782 }
1783 
1784 #undef __FUNCT__
1785 #define __FUNCT__ "SNESLineSearchQuadratic_VI"
1786 /*
1787   This routine does a quadratic line search while keeping the iterates within the variable bounds
1788 */
1789 PetscErrorCode SNESLineSearchQuadratic_VI(SNES snes,void *lsctx,Vec x,Vec f,Vec g,Vec y,Vec w,PetscReal fnorm,PetscReal xnorm,PetscReal *ynorm,PetscReal *gnorm,PetscBool *flag)
1790 {
1791   /*
1792      Note that for line search purposes we work with with the related
1793      minimization problem:
1794         min  z(x):  R^n -> R,
1795      where z(x) = .5 * fnorm*fnorm,and fnorm = || f ||_2.
1796    */
1797   PetscReal      initslope,minlambda,lambda,lambdatemp,rellength;
1798 #if defined(PETSC_USE_COMPLEX)
1799   PetscScalar    cinitslope;
1800 #endif
1801   PetscErrorCode ierr;
1802   PetscInt       count;
1803   SNES_VI        *vi = (SNES_VI*)snes->data;
1804   PetscBool     changed_w = PETSC_FALSE,changed_y = PETSC_FALSE;
1805 
1806   PetscFunctionBegin;
1807   ierr    = PetscLogEventBegin(SNES_LineSearch,snes,x,f,g);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1808   *flag   = PETSC_TRUE;
1809 
1810   ierr = VecNorm(y,NORM_2,ynorm);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1811   if (*ynorm == 0.0) {
1812     if (vi->lsmonitor) {
1813       ierr = PetscViewerASCIIMonitorPrintf(vi->lsmonitor,"Line search: Direction and size is 0\n");CHKERRQ(ierr);
1814     }
1815     *gnorm = fnorm;
1816     ierr   = VecCopy(x,w);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1817     ierr   = VecCopy(f,g);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1818     *flag  = PETSC_FALSE;
1819     goto theend2;
1820   }
1821   if (*ynorm > vi->maxstep) {	/* Step too big, so scale back */
1822     ierr   = VecScale(y,vi->maxstep/(*ynorm));CHKERRQ(ierr);
1823     *ynorm = vi->maxstep;
1824   }
1825   ierr      = VecMaxPointwiseDivide(y,x,&rellength);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1826   minlambda = vi->minlambda/rellength;
1827   ierr = MatMult(snes->jacobian,y,w);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1828 #if defined(PETSC_USE_COMPLEX)
1829   ierr      = VecDot(f,w,&cinitslope);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1830   initslope = PetscRealPart(cinitslope);
1831 #else
1832   ierr = VecDot(f,w,&initslope);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1833 #endif
1834   if (initslope > 0.0)  initslope = -initslope;
1835   if (initslope == 0.0) initslope = -1.0;
1836   ierr = PetscInfo1(snes,"Initslope %G \n",initslope);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1837 
1838   ierr = VecWAXPY(w,-1.0,y,x);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1839   ierr = SNESVIProjectOntoBounds(snes,w);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1840   if (snes->nfuncs >= snes->max_funcs) {
1841     ierr  = PetscInfo(snes,"Exceeded maximum function evaluations, while checking full step length!\n");CHKERRQ(ierr);
1842     *flag = PETSC_FALSE;
1843     snes->reason = SNES_DIVERGED_FUNCTION_COUNT;
1844     goto theend2;
1845   }
1846   ierr = SNESComputeFunction(snes,w,g);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1847   if (snes->ops->solve != SNESSolveVI_SS) {
1848     ierr = SNESVIComputeInactiveSetFnorm(snes,g,w,gnorm);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1849   } else {
1850     ierr = VecNorm(g,NORM_2,gnorm);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1851   }
1852   if (snes->domainerror) {
1853     ierr = PetscLogEventEnd(SNES_LineSearch,snes,x,f,g);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1854     PetscFunctionReturn(0);
1855   }
1856   if (PetscIsInfOrNanReal(*gnorm)) SETERRQ(PETSC_COMM_SELF,PETSC_ERR_FP,"User provided compute function generated a Not-a-Number");
1857   if (.5*(*gnorm)*(*gnorm) <= .5*fnorm*fnorm + vi->alpha*initslope) { /* Sufficient reduction */
1858     if (vi->lsmonitor) {
1859       ierr = PetscViewerASCIIMonitorPrintf(vi->lsmonitor,"    Line search: Using full step: fnorm %G gnorm %G\n",fnorm,*gnorm);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1860     }
1861     goto theend2;
1862   }
1863 
1864   /* Fit points with quadratic */
1865   lambda = 1.0;
1866   count = 1;
1867   while (PETSC_TRUE) {
1868     if (lambda <= minlambda) { /* bad luck; use full step */
1869       if (vi->lsmonitor) {
1870         ierr = PetscViewerASCIIMonitorPrintf(vi->lsmonitor,"Line search: Unable to find good step length! %D \n",count);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1871         ierr = PetscViewerASCIIMonitorPrintf(vi->lsmonitor,"Line search: fnorm=%G, gnorm=%G, ynorm=%G, lambda=%G, initial slope=%G\n",fnorm,*gnorm,*ynorm,lambda,initslope);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1872       }
1873       ierr = VecCopy(x,w);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1874       *flag = PETSC_FALSE;
1875       break;
1876     }
1877     lambdatemp = -initslope/((*gnorm)*(*gnorm) - fnorm*fnorm - 2.0*initslope);
1878     if (lambdatemp > .5*lambda)  lambdatemp = .5*lambda;
1879     if (lambdatemp <= .1*lambda) lambda     = .1*lambda;
1880     else                         lambda     = lambdatemp;
1881 
1882     ierr = VecWAXPY(w,-lambda,y,x);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1883     ierr = SNESVIProjectOntoBounds(snes,w);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1884     if (snes->nfuncs >= snes->max_funcs) {
1885       ierr  = PetscInfo1(snes,"Exceeded maximum function evaluations, while looking for good step length! %D \n",count);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1886       ierr  = PetscInfo5(snes,"fnorm=%18.16e, gnorm=%18.16e, ynorm=%18.16e, lambda=%18.16e, initial slope=%18.16e\n",fnorm,*gnorm,*ynorm,lambda,initslope);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1887       *flag = PETSC_FALSE;
1888       snes->reason = SNES_DIVERGED_FUNCTION_COUNT;
1889       break;
1890     }
1891     ierr = SNESComputeFunction(snes,w,g);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1892     if (snes->domainerror) {
1893       ierr = PetscLogEventEnd(SNES_LineSearch,snes,x,f,g);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1894       PetscFunctionReturn(0);
1895     }
1896     if (snes->ops->solve != SNESSolveVI_SS) {
1897       ierr = SNESVIComputeInactiveSetFnorm(snes,g,w,gnorm);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1898     } else {
1899       ierr = VecNorm(g,NORM_2,gnorm);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1900     }
1901     if (PetscIsInfOrNanReal(*gnorm)) SETERRQ(PETSC_COMM_SELF,PETSC_ERR_FP,"User provided compute function generated a Not-a-Number");
1902     if (.5*(*gnorm)*(*gnorm) < .5*fnorm*fnorm + lambda*vi->alpha*initslope) { /* sufficient reduction */
1903       if (vi->lsmonitor) {
1904         ierr = PetscViewerASCIIMonitorPrintf(vi->lsmonitor,"    Line Search: Quadratically determined step, lambda=%G\n",lambda);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1905       }
1906       break;
1907     }
1908     count++;
1909   }
1910   theend2:
1911   /* Optional user-defined check for line search step validity */
1912   if (vi->postcheckstep) {
1913     ierr = (*vi->postcheckstep)(snes,x,y,w,vi->postcheck,&changed_y,&changed_w);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1914     if (changed_y) {
1915       ierr = VecWAXPY(w,-1.0,y,x);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1916       ierr = SNESVIProjectOntoBounds(snes,w);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1917     }
1918     if (changed_y || changed_w) { /* recompute the function if the step has changed */
1919       ierr = SNESComputeFunction(snes,w,g);
1920       if (snes->domainerror) {
1921         ierr = PetscLogEventEnd(SNES_LineSearch,snes,x,f,g);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1922         PetscFunctionReturn(0);
1923       }
1924       if (snes->ops->solve != SNESSolveVI_SS) {
1925         ierr = SNESVIComputeInactiveSetFnorm(snes,g,w,gnorm);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1926       } else {
1927         ierr = VecNorm(g,NORM_2,gnorm);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1928       }
1929 
1930       ierr = VecNormBegin(y,NORM_2,ynorm);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1931       ierr = VecNormEnd(y,NORM_2,ynorm);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1932       if (PetscIsInfOrNanReal(*gnorm)) SETERRQ(PETSC_COMM_SELF,PETSC_ERR_FP,"User provided compute function generated a Not-a-Number");
1933     }
1934   }
1935   ierr = PetscLogEventEnd(SNES_LineSearch,snes,x,f,g);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1936   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
1937 }
1938 
1939 typedef PetscErrorCode (*FCN2)(SNES,void*,Vec,Vec,Vec,Vec,Vec,PetscReal,PetscReal,PetscReal*,PetscReal*,PetscBool*); /* force argument to next function to not be extern C*/
1940 /* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
1941 EXTERN_C_BEGIN
1942 #undef __FUNCT__
1943 #define __FUNCT__ "SNESLineSearchSet_VI"
1944 PetscErrorCode  SNESLineSearchSet_VI(SNES snes,FCN2 func,void *lsctx)
1945 {
1946   PetscFunctionBegin;
1947   ((SNES_VI *)(snes->data))->LineSearch = func;
1948   ((SNES_VI *)(snes->data))->lsP        = lsctx;
1949   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
1950 }
1951 EXTERN_C_END
1952 
1953 /* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
1954 EXTERN_C_BEGIN
1955 #undef __FUNCT__
1956 #define __FUNCT__ "SNESLineSearchSetMonitor_VI"
1957 PetscErrorCode  SNESLineSearchSetMonitor_VI(SNES snes,PetscBool flg)
1958 {
1959   SNES_VI        *vi = (SNES_VI*)snes->data;
1960   PetscErrorCode ierr;
1961 
1962   PetscFunctionBegin;
1963   if (flg && !vi->lsmonitor) {
1964     ierr = PetscViewerASCIIMonitorCreate(((PetscObject)snes)->comm,"stdout",((PetscObject)snes)->tablevel,&vi->lsmonitor);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1965   } else if (!flg && vi->lsmonitor) {
1966     ierr = PetscViewerASCIIMonitorDestroy(&vi->lsmonitor);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1967   }
1968   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
1969 }
1970 EXTERN_C_END
1971 
1972 /*
1973    SNESView_VI - Prints info from the SNESVI data structure.
1974 
1975    Input Parameters:
1976 .  SNES - the SNES context
1977 .  viewer - visualization context
1978 
1979    Application Interface Routine: SNESView()
1980 */
1981 #undef __FUNCT__
1982 #define __FUNCT__ "SNESView_VI"
1983 static PetscErrorCode SNESView_VI(SNES snes,PetscViewer viewer)
1984 {
1985   SNES_VI        *vi = (SNES_VI *)snes->data;
1986   const char     *cstr,*tstr;
1987   PetscErrorCode ierr;
1988   PetscBool     iascii;
1989 
1990   PetscFunctionBegin;
1991   ierr = PetscTypeCompare((PetscObject)viewer,PETSCVIEWERASCII,&iascii);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1992   if (iascii) {
1993     if (vi->LineSearch == SNESLineSearchNo_VI)             cstr = "SNESLineSearchNo";
1994     else if (vi->LineSearch == SNESLineSearchQuadratic_VI) cstr = "SNESLineSearchQuadratic";
1995     else if (vi->LineSearch == SNESLineSearchCubic_VI)     cstr = "SNESLineSearchCubic";
1996     else                                                             cstr = "unknown";
1997     if (snes->ops->solve == SNESSolveVI_SS)      tstr = "Semismooth";
1998     else if (snes->ops->solve == SNESSolveVI_RS) tstr = "Reduced Space";
1999     else if (snes->ops->solve == SNESSolveVI_RS2) tstr = "Augmented Space";
2000     else                                         tstr = "unknown";
2001     ierr = PetscViewerASCIIPrintf(viewer,"  VI algorithm: %s\n",tstr);CHKERRQ(ierr);
2002     ierr = PetscViewerASCIIPrintf(viewer,"  line search variant: %s\n",cstr);CHKERRQ(ierr);
2003     ierr = PetscViewerASCIIPrintf(viewer,"  alpha=%G, maxstep=%G, minlambda=%G\n",vi->alpha,vi->maxstep,vi->minlambda);CHKERRQ(ierr);
2004   } else {
2005     SETERRQ1(PETSC_COMM_SELF,PETSC_ERR_SUP,"Viewer type %s not supported for SNES EQ VI",((PetscObject)viewer)->type_name);
2006   }
2007   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
2008 }
2009 
2010 #undef __FUNCT__
2011 #define __FUNCT__ "SNESVISetVariableBounds"
2012 /*@
2013    SNESVISetVariableBounds - Sets the lower and upper bounds for the solution vector. xl <= x <= xu.
2014 
2015    Input Parameters:
2016 .  snes - the SNES context.
2017 .  xl   - lower bound.
2018 .  xu   - upper bound.
2019 
2020    Notes:
2021    If this routine is not called then the lower and upper bounds are set to
2022    PETSC_VI_INF and PETSC_VI_NINF respectively during SNESSetUp().
2023 
2024 @*/
2025 PetscErrorCode SNESVISetVariableBounds(SNES snes, Vec xl, Vec xu)
2026 {
2027   SNES_VI  *vi = (SNES_VI*)snes->data;
2028 
2029   PetscFunctionBegin;
2030   PetscValidHeaderSpecific(snes,SNES_CLASSID,1);
2031   PetscValidHeaderSpecific(xl,VEC_CLASSID,2);
2032   PetscValidHeaderSpecific(xu,VEC_CLASSID,3);
2033   if (!snes->vec_func) SETERRQ(PETSC_COMM_SELF,PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONGSTATE,"Must call SNESSetFunction() first");
2034   if (xl->map->N != snes->vec_func->map->N) SETERRQ2(PETSC_COMM_SELF,PETSC_ERR_ARG_INCOMP,"Incompatible vector lengths lower bound = %D solution vector = %D",xl->map->N,snes->vec_func->map->N);
2035   if (xu->map->N != snes->vec_func->map->N) SETERRQ2(PETSC_COMM_SELF,PETSC_ERR_ARG_INCOMP,"Incompatible vector lengths: upper bound = %D solution vector = %D",xu->map->N,snes->vec_func->map->N);
2036 
2037   vi->usersetxbounds = PETSC_TRUE;
2038   vi->xl = xl;
2039   vi->xu = xu;
2040   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
2041 }
2042 
2043 /* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
2044 /*
2045    SNESSetFromOptions_VI - Sets various parameters for the SNESVI method.
2046 
2047    Input Parameter:
2048 .  snes - the SNES context
2049 
2050    Application Interface Routine: SNESSetFromOptions()
2051 */
2052 #undef __FUNCT__
2053 #define __FUNCT__ "SNESSetFromOptions_VI"
2054 static PetscErrorCode SNESSetFromOptions_VI(SNES snes)
2055 {
2056   SNES_VI        *vi = (SNES_VI *)snes->data;
2057   const char     *lses[] = {"basic","basicnonorms","quadratic","cubic"};
2058   const char     *vies[] = {"ss","rs","rs2"};
2059   PetscErrorCode ierr;
2060   PetscInt       indx;
2061   PetscBool      flg,set,flg2;
2062 
2063   PetscFunctionBegin;
2064   ierr = PetscOptionsHead("SNES semismooth method options");CHKERRQ(ierr);
2065   ierr = PetscOptionsBool("-snes_vi_monitor","Monitor all non-active variables","None",PETSC_FALSE,&flg,0);CHKERRQ(ierr);
2066   if (flg) {
2067     ierr = SNESMonitorSet(snes,SNESMonitorVI,0,0);CHKERRQ(ierr);
2068   }
2069   ierr = PetscOptionsReal("-snes_ls_alpha","Function norm must decrease by","None",vi->alpha,&vi->alpha,0);CHKERRQ(ierr);
2070   ierr = PetscOptionsReal("-snes_ls_maxstep","Step must be less than","None",vi->maxstep,&vi->maxstep,0);CHKERRQ(ierr);
2071   ierr = PetscOptionsReal("-snes_ls_minlambda","Minimum lambda allowed","None",vi->minlambda,&vi->minlambda,0);CHKERRQ(ierr);
2072   ierr = PetscOptionsReal("-snes_vi_const_tol","constraint tolerance","None",vi->const_tol,&vi->const_tol,0);CHKERRQ(ierr);
2073   ierr = PetscOptionsBool("-snes_ls_monitor","Print progress of line searches","SNESLineSearchSetMonitor",vi->lsmonitor ? PETSC_TRUE : PETSC_FALSE,&flg,&set);CHKERRQ(ierr);
2074   if (set) {ierr = SNESLineSearchSetMonitor(snes,flg);CHKERRQ(ierr);}
2075   ierr = PetscOptionsEList("-snes_vi_type","Semismooth algorithm used","",vies,3,"ss",&indx,&flg2);CHKERRQ(ierr);
2076   if (flg2) {
2077     switch (indx) {
2078     case 0:
2079       snes->ops->solve = SNESSolveVI_SS;
2080       break;
2081     case 1:
2082       snes->ops->solve = SNESSolveVI_RS;
2083       break;
2084     case 2:
2085       snes->ops->solve = SNESSolveVI_RS2;
2086     }
2087   }
2088   ierr = PetscOptionsEList("-snes_ls","Line search used","SNESLineSearchSet",lses,4,"basic",&indx,&flg);CHKERRQ(ierr);
2089   if (flg) {
2090     switch (indx) {
2091     case 0:
2092       ierr = SNESLineSearchSet(snes,SNESLineSearchNo_VI,PETSC_NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
2093       break;
2094     case 1:
2095       ierr = SNESLineSearchSet(snes,SNESLineSearchNoNorms_VI,PETSC_NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
2096       break;
2097     case 2:
2098       ierr = SNESLineSearchSet(snes,SNESLineSearchQuadratic_VI,PETSC_NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
2099       break;
2100     case 3:
2101       ierr = SNESLineSearchSet(snes,SNESLineSearchCubic_VI,PETSC_NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
2102       break;
2103     }
2104   }
2105   ierr = PetscOptionsTail();CHKERRQ(ierr);
2106   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
2107 }
2108 /* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
2109 /*MC
2110       SNESVI - Semismooth newton method based nonlinear solver that uses a line search
2111 
2112    Options Database:
2113 +   -snes_ls [cubic,quadratic,basic,basicnonorms] - Selects line search
2114 .   -snes_ls_alpha <alpha> - Sets alpha
2115 .   -snes_ls_maxstep <maxstep> - Sets the maximum stepsize the line search will use (if the 2-norm(y) > maxstep then scale y to be y = (maxstep/2-norm(y)) *y)
2116 .   -snes_ls_minlambda <minlambda>  - Sets the minimum lambda the line search will use  minlambda / max_i ( y[i]/x[i] )
2117 -   -snes_ls_monitor - print information about progress of line searches
2118 
2119 
2120    Level: beginner
2121 
2122 .seealso:  SNESCreate(), SNES, SNESSetType(), SNESTR, SNESLineSearchSet(),
2123            SNESLineSearchSetPostCheck(), SNESLineSearchNo(), SNESLineSearchCubic(), SNESLineSearchQuadratic(),
2124            SNESLineSearchSet(), SNESLineSearchNoNorms(), SNESLineSearchSetPreCheck(), SNESLineSearchSetParams(), SNESLineSearchGetParams()
2125 
2126 M*/
2127 EXTERN_C_BEGIN
2128 #undef __FUNCT__
2129 #define __FUNCT__ "SNESCreate_VI"
2130 PetscErrorCode  SNESCreate_VI(SNES snes)
2131 {
2132   PetscErrorCode ierr;
2133   SNES_VI      *vi;
2134 
2135   PetscFunctionBegin;
2136   snes->ops->setup           = SNESSetUp_VI;
2137   snes->ops->solve           = SNESSolveVI_SS;
2138   snes->ops->destroy         = SNESDestroy_VI;
2139   snes->ops->setfromoptions  = SNESSetFromOptions_VI;
2140   snes->ops->view            = SNESView_VI;
2141   snes->ops->reset           = 0; /* XXX Implement!!! */
2142   snes->ops->converged       = SNESDefaultConverged_VI;
2143 
2144   ierr                  = PetscNewLog(snes,SNES_VI,&vi);CHKERRQ(ierr);
2145   snes->data            = (void*)vi;
2146   vi->alpha             = 1.e-4;
2147   vi->maxstep           = 1.e8;
2148   vi->minlambda         = 1.e-12;
2149   vi->LineSearch        = SNESLineSearchNo_VI;
2150   vi->lsP               = PETSC_NULL;
2151   vi->postcheckstep     = PETSC_NULL;
2152   vi->postcheck         = PETSC_NULL;
2153   vi->precheckstep      = PETSC_NULL;
2154   vi->precheck          = PETSC_NULL;
2155   vi->const_tol         =  2.2204460492503131e-16;
2156   vi->checkredundancy   = PETSC_NULL;
2157 
2158   ierr = PetscObjectComposeFunctionDynamic((PetscObject)snes,"SNESLineSearchSetMonitor_C","SNESLineSearchSetMonitor_VI",SNESLineSearchSetMonitor_VI);CHKERRQ(ierr);
2159   ierr = PetscObjectComposeFunctionDynamic((PetscObject)snes,"SNESLineSearchSet_C","SNESLineSearchSet_VI",SNESLineSearchSet_VI);CHKERRQ(ierr);
2160 
2161   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
2162 }
2163 EXTERN_C_END
2164