sys/fileio/mprint.c

/*
      Utilites routines to add simple ASCII IO capability.
*/
#include <../src/sys/fileio/mprint.h>
#include <errno.h>
/*
   If petsc_history is on, then all Petsc*Printf() results are saved
   if the appropriate (usually .petschistory) file.
*/
PETSC_INTERN FILE *petsc_history;
/*
     Allows one to overwrite where standard out is sent. For example
     PETSC_STDOUT = fopen("/dev/ttyXX","w") will cause all standard out
     writes to go to terminal XX; assuming you have write permission there
*/
FILE *PETSC_STDOUT = NULL;
/*
     Allows one to overwrite where standard error is sent. For example
     PETSC_STDERR = fopen("/dev/ttyXX","w") will cause all standard error
     writes to go to terminal XX; assuming you have write permission there
*/
FILE *PETSC_STDERR = NULL;

/*@C
     PetscFormatConvertGetSize - Gets the length of a string needed to hold format converted with `PetscFormatConvert()`

   Deprecated

   Input Parameter:
.   format - the PETSc format string

   Output Parameter:
.   size - the needed length of the new format

 Level: developer

.seealso: `PetscFormatConvert()`, `PetscVSNPrintf()`, `PetscVFPrintf()`
@*/
PetscErrorCode PetscFormatConvertGetSize(const char *format, size_t *size)
{
  size_t   sz = 0;
  PetscInt i  = 0;

  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidCharPointer(format, 1);
  PetscValidPointer(size, 2);
  while (format[i]) {
    if (format[i] == '%') {
      if (format[i + 1] == '%') {
        i += 2;
        sz += 2;
        continue;
      }
      /* Find the letter */
      while (format[i] && (format[i] <= '9')) {
        ++i;
        ++sz;
      }
      switch (format[i]) {
#if PetscDefined(USE_64BIT_INDICES)
      case 'D':
        sz += 2;
        break;
#endif
      case 'g':
        sz += 4;
      default:
        break;
      }
    }
    ++i;
    ++sz;
  }
  *size = sz + 1; /* space for NULL character */
  PetscFunctionReturn(0);
}

/*@C
     PetscFormatConvert - Takes a PETSc format string and converts the %D to %d for 32 bit PETSc indices and %lld for 64 bit PETSc indices. Also
                        converts %g to [|%g|] so that PetscVSNPrintf() can easily insure all %g formatted numbers have a decimal point when printed.

   Deprecated

   Input Parameters:
+   format - the PETSc format string
.   newformat - the location to put the new format
-   size - the length of newformat, you can use `PetscFormatConvertGetSize()` to compute the needed size

    Note: this exists so we can have the same code when `PetscInt` is either int or long long int

 Level: developer

.seealso: `PetscFormatConvertGetSize()`, `PetscVSNPrintf()`, `PetscVFPrintf()`
@*/
PetscErrorCode PetscFormatConvert(const char *format, char *newformat)
{
  PetscInt i = 0, j = 0;

  PetscFunctionBegin;
  while (format[i]) {
    if (format[i] == '%' && format[i + 1] == '%') {
      newformat[j++] = format[i++];
      newformat[j++] = format[i++];
    } else if (format[i] == '%') {
      if (format[i + 1] == 'g') {
        newformat[j++] = '[';
        newformat[j++] = '|';
      }
      /* Find the letter */
      for (; format[i] && format[i] <= '9'; i++) newformat[j++] = format[i];
      switch (format[i]) {
      case 'D':
#if !defined(PETSC_USE_64BIT_INDICES)
        newformat[j++] = 'd';
#else
        newformat[j++] = 'l';
        newformat[j++] = 'l';
        newformat[j++] = 'd';
#endif
        break;
      case 'g':
        newformat[j++] = format[i];
        if (format[i - 1] == '%') {
          newformat[j++] = '|';
          newformat[j++] = ']';
        }
        break;
      case 'G':
        SETERRQ(PETSC_COMM_SELF, PETSC_ERR_SUP, "%%G format is no longer supported, use %%g and cast the argument to double");
      case 'F':
        SETERRQ(PETSC_COMM_SELF, PETSC_ERR_SUP, "%%F format is no longer supported, use %%f and cast the argument to double");
      default:
        newformat[j++] = format[i];
        break;
      }
      i++;
    } else newformat[j++] = format[i++];
  }
  newformat[j] = 0;
  PetscFunctionReturn(0);
}

#define PETSCDEFAULTBUFFERSIZE 8 * 1024

/*@C
     PetscVSNPrintf - The PETSc version of vsnprintf(). Converts a PETSc format string into a standard C format string and then puts all the
       function arguments into a string using the format statement.

   Input Parameters:
+   str - location to put result
.   len - the amount of space in str
+   format - the PETSc format string
-   fullLength - the amount of space in str actually used.

    Developer Note:
    this function may be called from an error handler, if an error occurs when it is called by the error handler than likely
      a recursion will occur and possible crash.

 Level: developer

.seealso: `PetscVSNPrintf()`, `PetscErrorPrintf()`, `PetscVPrintf()`
@*/
PetscErrorCode PetscVSNPrintf(char *str, size_t len, const char *format, size_t *fullLength, va_list Argp)
{
  char  *newformat = NULL;
  char   formatbuf[PETSCDEFAULTBUFFERSIZE];
  size_t newLength;
  int    flen;

  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscCall(PetscFormatConvertGetSize(format, &newLength));
  if (newLength < sizeof(formatbuf)) {
    newformat = formatbuf;
    newLength = sizeof(formatbuf) - 1;
  } else {
    PetscCall(PetscMalloc1(newLength, &newformat));
  }
  PetscCall(PetscFormatConvert(format, newformat));
#if defined(PETSC_HAVE_VSNPRINTF)
  flen = vsnprintf(str, len, newformat, Argp);
#else
  #error "vsnprintf not found"
#endif
  if (newLength > sizeof(formatbuf) - 1) PetscCall(PetscFree(newformat));
  {
    PetscBool foundedot;
    size_t    cnt = 0, ncnt = 0, leng;
    PetscCall(PetscStrlen(str, &leng));
    if (leng > 4) {
      for (cnt = 0; cnt < leng - 4; cnt++) {
        if (str[cnt] == '[' && str[cnt + 1] == '|') {
          flen -= 4;
          cnt++;
          cnt++;
          foundedot = PETSC_FALSE;
          for (; cnt < leng - 1; cnt++) {
            if (str[cnt] == '|' && str[cnt + 1] == ']') {
              cnt++;
              if (!foundedot) str[ncnt++] = '.';
              ncnt--;
              break;
            } else {
              if (str[cnt] == 'e' || str[cnt] == '.') foundedot = PETSC_TRUE;
              str[ncnt++] = str[cnt];
            }
          }
        } else {
          str[ncnt] = str[cnt];
        }
        ncnt++;
      }
      while (cnt < leng) {
        str[ncnt] = str[cnt];
        ncnt++;
        cnt++;
      }
      str[ncnt] = 0;
    }
  }
#if defined(PETSC_HAVE_WINDOWS_H) && !defined(PETSC_HAVE__SET_OUTPUT_FORMAT)
  /* older Windows OS always produces e-+0np for floating point output; remove the extra 0 */
  {
    size_t cnt = 0, ncnt = 0, leng;
    PetscCall(PetscStrlen(str, &leng));
    if (leng > 5) {
      for (cnt = 0; cnt < leng - 4; cnt++) {
        if (str[cnt] == 'e' && (str[cnt + 1] == '-' || str[cnt + 1] == '+') && str[cnt + 2] == '0' && str[cnt + 3] >= '0' && str[cnt + 3] <= '9' && str[cnt + 4] >= '0' && str[cnt + 4] <= '9') {
          str[ncnt] = str[cnt];
          ncnt++;
          cnt++;
          str[ncnt] = str[cnt];
          ncnt++;
          cnt++;
          cnt++;
          str[ncnt] = str[cnt];
        } else {
          str[ncnt] = str[cnt];
        }
        ncnt++;
      }
      while (cnt < leng) {
        str[ncnt] = str[cnt];
        ncnt++;
        cnt++;
      }
      str[ncnt] = 0;
    }
  }
#endif
  if (fullLength) *fullLength = 1 + (size_t)flen;
  PetscFunctionReturn(0);
}

/*@C
     PetscVFPrintf -  All PETSc standard out and error messages are sent through this function; so, in theory, this can
        can be replaced with something that does not simply write to a file.

      To use, write your own function for example,
$PetscErrorCode mypetscvfprintf(FILE *fd,const char format[],va_list Argp)
${
$  PetscErrorCode ierr;
$
$  PetscFunctionBegin;
$   if (fd != stdout && fd != stderr) {  handle regular files
$      CHKERR(PetscVFPrintfDefault(fd,format,Argp));
$  } else {
$     char   buff[BIG];
$     size_t length;
$     PetscCall(PetscVSNPrintf(buff,BIG,format,&length,Argp));
$     now send buff to whatever stream or whatever you want
$ }
$ PetscFunctionReturn(0);
$}
then before the call to PetscInitialize() do the assignment
$    PetscVFPrintf = mypetscvfprintf;

      Note:
    For error messages this may be called by any process, for regular standard out it is
          called only by process 0 of a given communicator

      Developer Note:
    this could be called by an error handler, if that happens then a recursion of the error handler may occur
                       and a crash

  Level:  developer

.seealso: `PetscVSNPrintf()`, `PetscErrorPrintf()`
@*/
PetscErrorCode PetscVFPrintfDefault(FILE *fd, const char *format, va_list Argp)
{
  char   str[PETSCDEFAULTBUFFERSIZE];
  char  *buff = str;
  size_t fullLength;
#if defined(PETSC_HAVE_VA_COPY)
  va_list Argpcopy;
#endif

  PetscFunctionBegin;
#if defined(PETSC_HAVE_VA_COPY)
  va_copy(Argpcopy, Argp);
#endif
  PetscCall(PetscVSNPrintf(str, sizeof(str), format, &fullLength, Argp));
  if (fullLength > sizeof(str)) {
    PetscCall(PetscMalloc1(fullLength, &buff));
#if defined(PETSC_HAVE_VA_COPY)
    PetscCall(PetscVSNPrintf(buff, fullLength, format, NULL, Argpcopy));
#else
    SETERRQ(PETSC_COMM_SELF, PETSC_ERR_LIB, "C89 does not support va_copy() hence cannot print long strings with PETSc printing routines");
#endif
  }
  fprintf(fd, "%s", buff);
  fflush(fd);
  if (buff != str) PetscCall(PetscFree(buff));
  PetscFunctionReturn(0);
}

/*@C
    PetscSNPrintf - Prints to a string of given length

    Not Collective

    Input Parameters:
+   str - the string to print to
.   len - the length of str
.   format - the usual printf() format string
-   ... - any arguments that are to be printed, each much have an appropriate symbol in the format argument

   Level: intermediate

.seealso: `PetscSynchronizedFlush()`, `PetscSynchronizedFPrintf()`, `PetscFPrintf()`, `PetscVSNPrintf()`,
          `PetscPrintf()`, `PetscViewerASCIIPrintf()`, `PetscViewerASCIISynchronizedPrintf()`, `PetscVFPrintf()`
@*/
PetscErrorCode PetscSNPrintf(char *str, size_t len, const char format[], ...)
{
  size_t  fullLength;
  va_list Argp;

  PetscFunctionBegin;
  va_start(Argp, format);
  PetscCall(PetscVSNPrintf(str, len, format, &fullLength, Argp));
  PetscFunctionReturn(0);
}

/*@C
    PetscSNPrintfCount - Prints to a string of given length, returns count

    Not Collective

    Input Parameters:
+   str - the string to print to
.   len - the length of str
.   format - the usual printf() format string
-   ... - any arguments that are to be printed, each much have an appropriate symbol in the format argument

    Output Parameter:
.   countused - number of characters used

   Level: intermediate

.seealso: `PetscSynchronizedFlush()`, `PetscSynchronizedFPrintf()`, `PetscFPrintf()`, `PetscVSNPrintf()`,
          `PetscPrintf()`, `PetscViewerASCIIPrintf()`, `PetscViewerASCIISynchronizedPrintf()`, `PetscSNPrintf()`, `PetscVFPrintf()`
@*/
PetscErrorCode PetscSNPrintfCount(char *str, size_t len, const char format[], size_t *countused, ...)
{
  va_list Argp;

  PetscFunctionBegin;
  va_start(Argp, countused);
  PetscCall(PetscVSNPrintf(str, len, format, countused, Argp));
  PetscFunctionReturn(0);
}

/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------- */

PrintfQueue petsc_printfqueue = NULL, petsc_printfqueuebase = NULL;
int         petsc_printfqueuelength = 0;

/*@C
    PetscSynchronizedPrintf - Prints synchronized output from several processors.
    Output of the first processor is followed by that of the second, etc.

    Not Collective

    Input Parameters:
+   comm - the communicator
-   format - the usual printf() format string

   Level: intermediate

    Note:
    REQUIRES a call to `PetscSynchronizedFlush()` by all the processes after the completion of the calls to `PetscSynchronizedPrintf()` for the information
    from all the processors to be printed.

    Fortran Note:
    The call sequence is `PetscSynchronizedPrintf`(MPI_Comm, character(*), PetscErrorCode ierr) from Fortran.
    That is, you can only pass a single character string from Fortran.

.seealso: `PetscSynchronizedFlush()`, `PetscSynchronizedFPrintf()`, `PetscFPrintf()`,
          `PetscPrintf()`, `PetscViewerASCIIPrintf()`, `PetscViewerASCIISynchronizedPrintf()`
@*/
PetscErrorCode PetscSynchronizedPrintf(MPI_Comm comm, const char format[], ...)
{
  PetscMPIInt rank;

  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscCheck(comm != MPI_COMM_NULL, PETSC_COMM_SELF, PETSC_ERR_PLIB, "Called with MPI_COMM_NULL, likely PetscObjectComm() failed");
  PetscCallMPI(MPI_Comm_rank(comm, &rank));

  /* First processor prints immediately to stdout */
  if (rank == 0) {
    va_list Argp;
    va_start(Argp, format);
    PetscCall((*PetscVFPrintf)(PETSC_STDOUT, format, Argp));
    if (petsc_history) {
      va_start(Argp, format);
      PetscCall((*PetscVFPrintf)(petsc_history, format, Argp));
    }
    va_end(Argp);
  } else { /* other processors add to local queue */
    va_list     Argp;
    PrintfQueue next;
    size_t      fullLength = PETSCDEFAULTBUFFERSIZE;

    PetscCall(PetscNew(&next));
    if (petsc_printfqueue) {
      petsc_printfqueue->next = next;
      petsc_printfqueue       = next;
      petsc_printfqueue->next = NULL;
    } else petsc_printfqueuebase = petsc_printfqueue = next;
    petsc_printfqueuelength++;
    next->size   = 0;
    next->string = NULL;
    while (fullLength >= next->size) {
      next->size = fullLength + 1;
      PetscCall(PetscFree(next->string));
      PetscCall(PetscMalloc1(next->size, &next->string));
      va_start(Argp, format);
      PetscCall(PetscArrayzero(next->string, next->size));
      PetscCall(PetscVSNPrintf(next->string, next->size, format, &fullLength, Argp));
      va_end(Argp);
    }
  }
  PetscFunctionReturn(0);
}

/*@C
    PetscSynchronizedFPrintf - Prints synchronized output to the specified file from
    several processors.  Output of the first processor is followed by that of the
    second, etc.

    Not Collective

    Input Parameters:
+   comm - the communicator
.   fd - the file pointer
-   format - the usual printf() format string

    Level: intermediate

    Note:
    REQUIRES a intervening call to `PetscSynchronizedFlush()` for the information
    from all the processors to be printed.

.seealso: `PetscSynchronizedPrintf()`, `PetscSynchronizedFlush()`, `PetscFPrintf()`,
          `PetscFOpen()`, `PetscViewerASCIISynchronizedPrintf()`, `PetscViewerASCIIPrintf()`
@*/
PetscErrorCode PetscSynchronizedFPrintf(MPI_Comm comm, FILE *fp, const char format[], ...)
{
  PetscMPIInt rank;

  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscCheck(comm != MPI_COMM_NULL, PETSC_COMM_SELF, PETSC_ERR_PLIB, "Called with MPI_COMM_NULL, likely PetscObjectComm() failed");
  PetscCallMPI(MPI_Comm_rank(comm, &rank));

  /* First processor prints immediately to fp */
  if (rank == 0) {
    va_list Argp;
    va_start(Argp, format);
    PetscCall((*PetscVFPrintf)(fp, format, Argp));
    if (petsc_history && (fp != petsc_history)) {
      va_start(Argp, format);
      PetscCall((*PetscVFPrintf)(petsc_history, format, Argp));
    }
    va_end(Argp);
  } else { /* other processors add to local queue */
    va_list     Argp;
    PrintfQueue next;
    size_t      fullLength = PETSCDEFAULTBUFFERSIZE;

    PetscCall(PetscNew(&next));
    if (petsc_printfqueue) {
      petsc_printfqueue->next = next;
      petsc_printfqueue       = next;
      petsc_printfqueue->next = NULL;
    } else petsc_printfqueuebase = petsc_printfqueue = next;
    petsc_printfqueuelength++;
    next->size   = 0;
    next->string = NULL;
    while (fullLength >= next->size) {
      next->size = fullLength + 1;
      PetscCall(PetscFree(next->string));
      PetscCall(PetscMalloc1(next->size, &next->string));
      va_start(Argp, format);
      PetscCall(PetscArrayzero(next->string, next->size));
      PetscCall(PetscVSNPrintf(next->string, next->size, format, &fullLength, Argp));
      va_end(Argp);
    }
  }
  PetscFunctionReturn(0);
}

/*@C
    PetscSynchronizedFlush - Flushes to the screen output from all processors
    involved in previous `PetscSynchronizedPrintf()`/`PetscSynchronizedFPrintf()` calls.

    Collective

    Input Parameters:
+   comm - the communicator
-   fd - the file pointer (valid on process 0 of the communicator)

    Level: intermediate

    Note:
    If `PetscSynchronizedPrintf()` and/or `PetscSynchronizedFPrintf()` are called with
    different MPI communicators there must be an intervening call to `PetscSynchronizedFlush()` between the calls with different MPI communicators.

    Fortran Note:
    Pass `PETSC_STDOUT` if the flush is for standard out; otherwise pass a value obtained from `PetscFOpen()`

.seealso: `PetscSynchronizedPrintf()`, `PetscFPrintf()`, `PetscPrintf()`, `PetscViewerASCIIPrintf()`,
          `PetscViewerASCIISynchronizedPrintf()`
@*/
PetscErrorCode PetscSynchronizedFlush(MPI_Comm comm, FILE *fd)
{
  PetscMPIInt rank, size, tag, i, j, n = 0, dummy = 0;
  char       *message;
  MPI_Status  status;

  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscCall(PetscCommDuplicate(comm, &comm, &tag));
  PetscCallMPI(MPI_Comm_rank(comm, &rank));
  PetscCallMPI(MPI_Comm_size(comm, &size));

  /* First processor waits for messages from all other processors */
  if (rank == 0) {
    if (!fd) fd = PETSC_STDOUT;
    for (i = 1; i < size; i++) {
      /* to prevent a flood of messages to process zero, request each message separately */
      PetscCallMPI(MPI_Send(&dummy, 1, MPI_INT, i, tag, comm));
      PetscCallMPI(MPI_Recv(&n, 1, MPI_INT, i, tag, comm, &status));
      for (j = 0; j < n; j++) {
        PetscMPIInt size = 0;

        PetscCallMPI(MPI_Recv(&size, 1, MPI_INT, i, tag, comm, &status));
        PetscCall(PetscMalloc1(size, &message));
        PetscCallMPI(MPI_Recv(message, size, MPI_CHAR, i, tag, comm, &status));
        PetscCall(PetscFPrintf(comm, fd, "%s", message));
        PetscCall(PetscFree(message));
      }
    }
  } else { /* other processors send queue to processor 0 */
    PrintfQueue next = petsc_printfqueuebase, previous;

    PetscCallMPI(MPI_Recv(&dummy, 1, MPI_INT, 0, tag, comm, &status));
    PetscCallMPI(MPI_Send(&petsc_printfqueuelength, 1, MPI_INT, 0, tag, comm));
    for (i = 0; i < petsc_printfqueuelength; i++) {
      PetscCallMPI(MPI_Send(&next->size, 1, MPI_INT, 0, tag, comm));
      PetscCallMPI(MPI_Send(next->string, next->size, MPI_CHAR, 0, tag, comm));
      previous = next;
      next     = next->next;
      PetscCall(PetscFree(previous->string));
      PetscCall(PetscFree(previous));
    }
    petsc_printfqueue       = NULL;
    petsc_printfqueuelength = 0;
  }
  PetscCall(PetscCommDestroy(&comm));
  PetscFunctionReturn(0);
}

/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

/*@C
    PetscFPrintf - Prints to a file, only from the first
    processor in the communicator.

    Not Collective; No Fortran Support

    Input Parameters:
+   comm - the communicator
.   fd - the file pointer
-   format - the usual printf() format string

    Level: intermediate

.seealso: `PetscPrintf()`, `PetscSynchronizedPrintf()`, `PetscViewerASCIIPrintf()`,
          `PetscViewerASCIISynchronizedPrintf()`, `PetscSynchronizedFlush()`
@*/
PetscErrorCode PetscFPrintf(MPI_Comm comm, FILE *fd, const char format[], ...)
{
  PetscMPIInt rank;

  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscCheck(comm != MPI_COMM_NULL, PETSC_COMM_SELF, PETSC_ERR_PLIB, "Called with MPI_COMM_NULL, likely PetscObjectComm() failed");
  PetscCallMPI(MPI_Comm_rank(comm, &rank));
  if (rank == 0) {
    va_list Argp;
    va_start(Argp, format);
    PetscCall((*PetscVFPrintf)(fd, format, Argp));
    if (petsc_history && (fd != petsc_history)) {
      va_start(Argp, format);
      PetscCall((*PetscVFPrintf)(petsc_history, format, Argp));
    }
    va_end(Argp);
  }
  PetscFunctionReturn(0);
}

/*@C
    PetscPrintf - Prints to standard out, only from the first
    processor in the communicator. Calls from other processes are ignored.

    Not Collective

    Input Parameters:
+   comm - the communicator
-   format - the usual printf() format string

    Level: intermediate

    Note:
    Deprecated information: `PetscPrintf()` supports some format specifiers that are unique to PETSc.
    See the manual page for `PetscFormatConvert()` for details.

    Fortran Note:
    The call sequence is `PetscPrintf`(MPI_Comm, character(*), `PetscErrorCode` ierr) from Fortran.
    That is, you can only pass a single character string from Fortran.

.seealso: `PetscFPrintf()`, `PetscSynchronizedPrintf()`, `PetscFormatConvert()`
@*/
PetscErrorCode PetscPrintf(MPI_Comm comm, const char format[], ...)
{
  PetscMPIInt rank;

  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscCheck(comm != MPI_COMM_NULL, PETSC_COMM_SELF, PETSC_ERR_PLIB, "Called with MPI_COMM_NULL, likely PetscObjectComm() failed");
  PetscCallMPI(MPI_Comm_rank(comm, &rank));
  if (rank == 0) {
    va_list Argp;
    va_start(Argp, format);
    PetscCall((*PetscVFPrintf)(PETSC_STDOUT, format, Argp));
    if (petsc_history) {
      va_start(Argp, format);
      PetscCall((*PetscVFPrintf)(petsc_history, format, Argp));
    }
    va_end(Argp);
  }
  PetscFunctionReturn(0);
}

PetscErrorCode PetscHelpPrintfDefault(MPI_Comm comm, const char format[], ...)
{
  PetscMPIInt rank;

  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscCheck(comm != MPI_COMM_NULL, PETSC_COMM_SELF, PETSC_ERR_PLIB, "Called with MPI_COMM_NULL, likely PetscObjectComm() failed");
  PetscCallMPI(MPI_Comm_rank(comm, &rank));
  if (rank == 0) {
    va_list Argp;
    va_start(Argp, format);
    PetscCall((*PetscVFPrintf)(PETSC_STDOUT, format, Argp));
    if (petsc_history) {
      va_start(Argp, format);
      PetscCall((*PetscVFPrintf)(petsc_history, format, Argp));
    }
    va_end(Argp);
  }
  PetscFunctionReturn(0);
}

/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

/*@C
    PetscSynchronizedFGets - Several processors all get the same line from a file.

    Collective

    Input Parameters:
+   comm - the communicator
.   fd - the file pointer
-   len - the length of the output buffer

    Output Parameter:
.   string - the line read from the file, at end of file string[0] == 0

    Level: intermediate

.seealso: `PetscSynchronizedPrintf()`, `PetscSynchronizedFlush()`,
          `PetscFOpen()`, `PetscViewerASCIISynchronizedPrintf()`, `PetscViewerASCIIPrintf()`
@*/
PetscErrorCode PetscSynchronizedFGets(MPI_Comm comm, FILE *fp, size_t len, char string[])
{
  PetscMPIInt rank;

  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscCallMPI(MPI_Comm_rank(comm, &rank));

  if (rank == 0) {
    char *ptr = fgets(string, len, fp);

    if (!ptr) {
      string[0] = 0;
      PetscCheck(feof(fp), PETSC_COMM_SELF, PETSC_ERR_FILE_READ, "Error reading from file: %d", errno);
    }
  }
  PetscCallMPI(MPI_Bcast(string, len, MPI_BYTE, 0, comm));
  PetscFunctionReturn(0);
}

/*@C
     PetscFormatStrip - Takes a PETSc format string and removes all numerical modifiers to % operations

   Input Parameters:
.   format - the PETSc format string

 Level: developer

@*/
PetscErrorCode PetscFormatStrip(char *format)
{
  size_t loc1 = 0, loc2 = 0;

  PetscFunctionBegin;
  while (format[loc2]) {
    if (format[loc2] == '%') {
      format[loc1++] = format[loc2++];
      while (format[loc2] && ((format[loc2] >= '0' && format[loc2] <= '9') || format[loc2] == '.')) loc2++;
    }
    format[loc1++] = format[loc2++];
  }
  PetscFunctionReturn(0);
}

PetscErrorCode PetscFormatRealArray(char buf[], size_t len, const char *fmt, PetscInt n, const PetscReal x[])
{
  PetscInt i;
  size_t   left, count;
  char    *p;

  PetscFunctionBegin;
  for (i = 0, p = buf, left = len; i < n; i++) {
    PetscCall(PetscSNPrintfCount(p, left, fmt, &count, (double)x[i]));
    PetscCheck(count < left, PETSC_COMM_SELF, PETSC_ERR_ARG_OUTOFRANGE, "Insufficient space in buffer");
    left -= count;
    p += count - 1;
    *p++ = ' ';
  }
  p[i ? 0 : -1] = 0;
  PetscFunctionReturn(0);
}