xref: /petsc/src/ts/impls/arkimex/arkimex.c (revision d25a37e130ea49ebd07f0cfbda24aaa07a3ed83a)
1 /*
2   Code for timestepping with additive Runge-Kutta IMEX method
3 
4   Notes:
5   The general system is written as
6 
7   F(t,X,Xdot) = G(t,X)
8 
9   where F represents the stiff part of the physics and G represents the non-stiff part.
10 
11 */
12 #include <petsc-private/tsimpl.h>                /*I   "petscts.h"   I*/
13 
14 static const TSARKIMEXType TSARKIMEXDefault = TSARKIMEX3;
15 static PetscBool TSARKIMEXRegisterAllCalled;
16 static PetscBool TSARKIMEXPackageInitialized;
17 
18 typedef struct _ARKTableau *ARKTableau;
19 struct _ARKTableau {
20   char *name;
21   PetscInt order;               /* Classical approximation order of the method */
22   PetscInt s;                   /* Number of stages */
23   PetscInt pinterp;             /* Interpolation order */
24   PetscReal *At,*bt,*ct;        /* Stiff tableau */
25   PetscReal *A,*b,*c;           /* Non-stiff tableau */
26   PetscReal *bembedt,*bembed;   /* Embedded formula of order one less (order-1) */
27   PetscReal *binterpt,*binterp; /* Dense output formula */
28   PetscReal ccfl;               /* Placeholder for CFL coefficient relative to forward Euler */
29 };
30 typedef struct _ARKTableauLink *ARKTableauLink;
31 struct _ARKTableauLink {
32   struct _ARKTableau tab;
33   ARKTableauLink next;
34 };
35 static ARKTableauLink ARKTableauList;
36 
37 typedef struct {
38   ARKTableau  tableau;
39   Vec         *Y;               /* States computed during the step */
40   Vec         *YdotI;           /* Time derivatives for the stiff part */
41   Vec         *YdotRHS;         /* Function evaluations for the non-stiff part */
42   Vec         Ydot;             /* Work vector holding Ydot during residual evaluation */
43   Vec         Work;             /* Generic work vector */
44   Vec         Z;                /* Ydot = shift(Y-Z) */
45   PetscScalar *work;            /* Scalar work */
46   PetscReal   shift;
47   PetscReal   stage_time;
48   PetscBool   imex;
49   TSStepStatus status;
50 } TS_ARKIMEX;
51 /*MC
52      TSARKIMEXARS122 - Second order ARK IMEX scheme.
53 
54      This method has one explicit stage and one implicit stage.
55 
56      References:
57      U. Ascher, S. Ruuth, R. J. Spitheri, Implicit-explicit Runge-Kutta methods for time dependent Partial Differential Equations. Appl. Numer. Math. 25, (1997), pp. 151–167.
58 
59      Level: advanced
60 
61 .seealso: TSARKIMEX
62 M*/
63 /*MC
64      TSARKIMEXA2 - Second order ARK IMEX scheme with A-stable implicit part.
65 
66      This method has an explicit stage and one implicit stage, and has an A-stable implicit scheme. This method was provided by Emil Constantinescu.
67 
68      Level: advanced
69 
70 .seealso: TSARKIMEX
71 M*/
72 /*MC
73      TSARKIMEXL2 - Second order ARK IMEX scheme with L-stable implicit part.
74 
75      This method has two implicit stages, and L-stable implicit scheme.
76 
77     References:
78      L. Pareschi, G. Russo, Implicit-Explicit Runge-Kutta schemes and applications to hyperbolic systems with relaxations. Journal of Scientific Computing Volume: 25, Issue: 1, October, 2005, pp. 129-155
79 
80      Level: advanced
81 
82 .seealso: TSARKIMEX
83 M*/
84 /*MC
85      TSARKIMEX2C - Second order ARK IMEX scheme with L-stable implicit part.
86 
87      This method has one explicit stage and two implicit stages. The implicit part is the same as in TSARKIMEX2D and TSARKIMEX2E, but the explicit part has a larger stability region on the negative real axis. This method was provided by Emil Constantinescu.
88 
89      Level: advanced
90 
91 .seealso: TSARKIMEX
92 M*/
93 /*MC
94      TSARKIMEX2D - Second order ARK IMEX scheme with L-stable implicit part.
95 
96      This method has one explicit stage and two implicit stages. This method was provided by Emil Constantinescu.
97 
98      Level: advanced
99 
100 .seealso: TSARKIMEX
101 M*/
102 /*MC
103      TSARKIMEX2E - Second order ARK IMEX scheme with L-stable implicit part.
104 
105      This method has one explicit stage and two implicit stages. It is is an optimal method developed by Emil Constantinescu.
106 
107      Level: advanced
108 
109 .seealso: TSARKIMEX
110 M*/
111 /*MC
112      TSARKIMEXPRSSP2 - Second order SSP ARK IMEX scheme.
113 
114      This method has three implicit stages.
115 
116      References:
117      L. Pareschi, G. Russo, Implicit-Explicit Runge-Kutta schemes and applications to hyperbolic systems with relaxations. Journal of Scientific Computing Volume: 25, Issue: 1, October, 2005, pp. 129-155
118 
119      This method is referred to as SSP2-(3,3,2) in http://arxiv.org/abs/1110.4375
120 
121      Level: advanced
122 
123 .seealso: TSARKIMEX
124 M*/
125 /*MC
126      TSARKIMEX3 - Third order ARK IMEX scheme with L-stable implicit part.
127 
128      This method has one explicit stage and three implicit stages.
129 
130      References:
131      Kennedy and Carpenter 2003.
132 
133      Level: advanced
134 
135 .seealso: TSARKIMEX
136 M*/
137 /*MC
138      TSARKIMEXARS443 - Third order ARK IMEX scheme.
139 
140      This method has one explicit stage and four implicit stages.
141 
142      References:
143      U. Ascher, S. Ruuth, R. J. Spitheri, Implicit-explicit Runge-Kutta methods for time dependent Partial Differential Equations. Appl. Numer. Math. 25, (1997), pp. 151–167.
144 
145      This method is referred to as ARS(4,4,3) in http://arxiv.org/abs/1110.4375
146 
147      Level: advanced
148 
149 .seealso: TSARKIMEX
150 M*/
151 /*MC
152      TSARKIMEXBPR3 - Third order ARK IMEX scheme.
153 
154      This method has one explicit stage and four implicit stages.
155 
156      References:
157      This method is referred to as ARK3 in http://arxiv.org/abs/1110.4375
158 
159      Level: advanced
160 
161 .seealso: TSARKIMEX
162 M*/
163 /*MC
164      TSARKIMEX4 - Fourth order ARK IMEX scheme with L-stable implicit part.
165 
166      This method has one explicit stage and four implicit stages.
167 
168      References:
169      Kennedy and Carpenter 2003.
170 
171      Level: advanced
172 
173 .seealso: TSARKIMEX
174 M*/
175 /*MC
176      TSARKIMEX5 - Fifth order ARK IMEX scheme with L-stable implicit part.
177 
178      This method has one explicit stage and five implicit stages.
179 
180      References:
181      Kennedy and Carpenter 2003.
182 
183      Level: advanced
184 
185 .seealso: TSARKIMEX
186 M*/
187 
188 #undef __FUNCT__
189 #define __FUNCT__ "TSARKIMEXRegisterAll"
190 /*@C
191   TSARKIMEXRegisterAll - Registers all of the additive Runge-Kutta implicit-explicit methods in TSARKIMEX
192 
193   Not Collective, but should be called by all processes which will need the schemes to be registered
194 
195   Level: advanced
196 
197 .keywords: TS, TSARKIMEX, register, all
198 
199 .seealso:  TSARKIMEXRegisterDestroy()
200 @*/
201 PetscErrorCode TSARKIMEXRegisterAll(void)
202 {
203   PetscErrorCode ierr;
204 
205   PetscFunctionBegin;
206   if (TSARKIMEXRegisterAllCalled) PetscFunctionReturn(0);
207   TSARKIMEXRegisterAllCalled = PETSC_TRUE;
208   {
209     const PetscReal
210       A[2][2] = {{0.0,0.0},
211                  {0.5,0.0}},
212       At[2][2] = {{0.0,0.0},
213                   {0.0,0.5}},
214         b[2] = {0.0,1.0},
215           bembedt[2] = {0.5,0.5};
216           /* binterpt[2][2] = {{1.0,-1.0},{0.0,1.0}};  second order dense output has poor stability properties and hence it is not currently in use*/
217           ierr = TSARKIMEXRegister(TSARKIMEXARS122,2,2,&At[0][0],b,PETSC_NULL,&A[0][0],b,PETSC_NULL,bembedt,bembedt,1,b,PETSC_NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
218   }
219   {
220     const PetscReal
221       A[2][2] = {{0.0,0.0},
222                  {1.0,0.0}},
223       At[2][2] = {{0.0,0.0},
224                   {0.5,0.5}},
225         b[2] = {0.5,0.5},
226           bembedt[2] = {0.0,1.0};
227           /* binterpt[2][2] = {{1.0,-0.5},{0.0,0.5}}  second order dense output has poor stability properties and hence it is not currently in use*/
228           ierr = TSARKIMEXRegister(TSARKIMEXA2,2,2,&At[0][0],b,PETSC_NULL,&A[0][0],b,PETSC_NULL,bembedt,bembedt,1,b,PETSC_NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
229   }
230   {
231     const PetscReal us2 = 1.0-1.0/PetscSqrtReal((PetscReal)2.0);
232     const PetscReal
233       A[2][2] = {{0.0,0.0},
234                  {1.0,0.0}},
235       At[2][2] = {{us2,0.0},
236                   {1.0-2.0*us2,us2}},
237         b[2] = {0.5,0.5},
238           bembedt[2] = {0.0,1.0},
239             binterpt[2][2] = {{(us2-1.0)/(2.0*us2-1.0),-1/(2.0*(1.0-2.0*us2))},{1-(us2-1.0)/(2.0*us2-1.0),-1/(2.0*(1.0-2.0*us2))}},
240               binterp[2][2] = {{1.0,-0.5},{0.0,0.5}};
241               ierr = TSARKIMEXRegister(TSARKIMEXL2,2,2,&At[0][0],b,PETSC_NULL,&A[0][0],b,PETSC_NULL,bembedt,bembedt,2,binterpt[0],binterp[0]);CHKERRQ(ierr);
242   }
243   {
244     const PetscReal s2 = PetscSqrtReal((PetscReal)2.0),
245       A[3][3] = {{0,0,0},
246                  {2-s2,0,0},
247                  {0.55,0.45,0}},
248       At[3][3] = {{0,0,0},
249                   {1-1/s2,1-1/s2,0},
250                   {1/(2*s2),1/(2*s2),1-1/s2}},
251         bembedt[3] = {(4.-s2)/8.,(4.-s2)/8.,1/(2.*s2)},
252         binterpt[3][2] = {{1.0/s2,-1.0/(2.0*s2)},{1.0/s2,-1.0/(2.0*s2)},{1.0-s2,1.0/s2}};
253     ierr = TSARKIMEXRegister(TSARKIMEX2C,2,3,&At[0][0],PETSC_NULL,PETSC_NULL,&A[0][0],PETSC_NULL,PETSC_NULL,bembedt,bembedt,2,binterpt[0],PETSC_NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
254   }
255   {
256     const PetscReal s2 = PetscSqrtReal((PetscReal)2.0),
257       A[3][3] = {{0,0,0},
258                  {2-s2,0,0},
259                  {0.75,0.25,0}},
260       At[3][3] = {{0,0,0},
261                   {1-1/s2,1-1/s2,0},
262                   {1/(2*s2),1/(2*s2),1-1/s2}},
263       bembedt[3] = {(4.-s2)/8.,(4.-s2)/8.,1/(2.*s2)},
264       binterpt[3][2] =  {{1.0/s2,-1.0/(2.0*s2)},{1.0/s2,-1.0/(2.0*s2)},{1.0-s2,1.0/s2}};
265       ierr = TSARKIMEXRegister(TSARKIMEX2D,2,3,&At[0][0],PETSC_NULL,PETSC_NULL,&A[0][0],PETSC_NULL,PETSC_NULL,bembedt,bembedt,2,binterpt[0],PETSC_NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
266   }
267   {                             /* Optimal for linear implicit part */
268     const PetscReal s2 = PetscSqrtReal((PetscReal)2.0),
269       A[3][3] = {{0,0,0},
270                  {2-s2,0,0},
271                  {(3-2*s2)/6,(3+2*s2)/6,0}},
272       At[3][3] = {{0,0,0},
273                   {1-1/s2,1-1/s2,0},
274                   {1/(2*s2),1/(2*s2),1-1/s2}},
275       bembedt[3] = {(4.-s2)/8.,(4.-s2)/8.,1/(2.*s2)},
276       binterpt[3][2] =  {{1.0/s2,-1.0/(2.0*s2)},{1.0/s2,-1.0/(2.0*s2)},{1.0-s2,1.0/s2}};
277     ierr = TSARKIMEXRegister(TSARKIMEX2E,2,3,&At[0][0],PETSC_NULL,PETSC_NULL,&A[0][0],PETSC_NULL,PETSC_NULL,bembedt,bembedt,2,binterpt[0],PETSC_NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
278   }
279   {                             /* Optimal for linear implicit part */
280     const PetscReal
281       A[3][3] = {{0,0,0},
282                  {0.5,0,0},
283                  {0.5,0.5,0}},
284       At[3][3] = {{0.25,0,0},
285                   {0,0.25,0},
286                   {1./3,1./3,1./3}};
287     ierr = TSARKIMEXRegister(TSARKIMEXPRSSP2,2,3,&At[0][0],PETSC_NULL,PETSC_NULL,&A[0][0],PETSC_NULL,PETSC_NULL,PETSC_NULL,PETSC_NULL,0,PETSC_NULL,PETSC_NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
288   }
289   {
290     const PetscReal
291       A[4][4] = {{0,0,0,0},
292                  {1767732205903./2027836641118.,0,0,0},
293                  {5535828885825./10492691773637.,788022342437./10882634858940.,0,0},
294                  {6485989280629./16251701735622.,-4246266847089./9704473918619.,10755448449292./10357097424841.,0}},
295       At[4][4] = {{0,0,0,0},
296                   {1767732205903./4055673282236.,1767732205903./4055673282236.,0,0},
297                   {2746238789719./10658868560708.,-640167445237./6845629431997.,1767732205903./4055673282236.,0},
298                   {1471266399579./7840856788654.,-4482444167858./7529755066697.,11266239266428./11593286722821.,1767732205903./4055673282236.}},
299       bembedt[4] = {2756255671327./12835298489170.,-10771552573575./22201958757719.,9247589265047./10645013368117.,2193209047091./5459859503100.},
300       binterpt[4][2] = {{4655552711362./22874653954995., -215264564351./13552729205753.},
301                         {-18682724506714./9892148508045.,17870216137069./13817060693119.},
302                         {34259539580243./13192909600954.,-28141676662227./17317692491321.},
303                         {584795268549./6622622206610.,   2508943948391./7218656332882.}};
304     ierr = TSARKIMEXRegister(TSARKIMEX3,3,4,&At[0][0],PETSC_NULL,PETSC_NULL,&A[0][0],PETSC_NULL,PETSC_NULL,bembedt,bembedt,2,binterpt[0],PETSC_NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
305   }
306   {
307     const PetscReal
308       A[5][5] = {{0,0,0,0,0},
309                  {1./2,0,0,0,0},
310                  {11./18,1./18,0,0,0},
311                  {5./6,-5./6,.5,0,0},
312                  {1./4,7./4,3./4,-7./4,0}},
313       At[5][5] = {{0,0,0,0,0},
314                   {0,1./2,0,0,0},
315                   {0,1./6,1./2,0,0},
316                   {0,-1./2,1./2,1./2,0},
317                   {0,3./2,-3./2,1./2,1./2}},
318       *bembedt = PETSC_NULL;
319       ierr = TSARKIMEXRegister(TSARKIMEXARS443,3,5,&At[0][0],PETSC_NULL,PETSC_NULL,&A[0][0],PETSC_NULL,PETSC_NULL,bembedt,bembedt,0,PETSC_NULL,PETSC_NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
320   }
321   {
322     const PetscReal
323       A[5][5] = {{0,0,0,0,0},
324                  {1,0,0,0,0},
325                  {4./9,2./9,0,0,0},
326                  {1./4,0,3./4,0,0},
327                  {1./4,0,3./5,0,0}},
328       At[5][5] = {{0,0,0,0,0},
329                   {.5,.5,0,0,0},
330                   {5./18,-1./9,.5,0,0},
331                   {.5,0,0,.5,0},
332                   {.25,0,.75,-.5,.5}},
333       *bembedt = PETSC_NULL;
334     ierr = TSARKIMEXRegister(TSARKIMEXBPR3,3,5,&At[0][0],PETSC_NULL,PETSC_NULL,&A[0][0],PETSC_NULL,PETSC_NULL,bembedt,bembedt,0,PETSC_NULL,PETSC_NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
335   }
336   {
337     const PetscReal
338       A[6][6] = {{0,0,0,0,0,0},
339                  {1./2,0,0,0,0,0},
340                  {13861./62500.,6889./62500.,0,0,0,0},
341                  {-116923316275./2393684061468.,-2731218467317./15368042101831.,9408046702089./11113171139209.,0,0,0},
342                  {-451086348788./2902428689909.,-2682348792572./7519795681897.,12662868775082./11960479115383.,3355817975965./11060851509271.,0,0},
343                  {647845179188./3216320057751.,73281519250./8382639484533.,552539513391./3454668386233.,3354512671639./8306763924573.,4040./17871.,0}},
344       At[6][6] = {{0,0,0,0,0,0},
345                   {1./4,1./4,0,0,0,0},
346                   {8611./62500.,-1743./31250.,1./4,0,0,0},
347                   {5012029./34652500.,-654441./2922500.,174375./388108.,1./4,0,0},
348                   {15267082809./155376265600.,-71443401./120774400.,730878875./902184768.,2285395./8070912.,1./4,0},
349                   {82889./524892.,0,15625./83664.,69875./102672.,-2260./8211,1./4}},
350       bembedt[6] = {4586570599./29645900160.,0,178811875./945068544.,814220225./1159782912.,-3700637./11593932.,61727./225920.},
351       binterpt[6][3] = {{6943876665148./7220017795957.,-54480133./30881146.,6818779379841./7100303317025.},
352                         {0,0,0},
353                         {7640104374378./9702883013639.,-11436875./14766696.,2173542590792./12501825683035.},
354                         {-20649996744609./7521556579894.,174696575./18121608.,-31592104683404./5083833661969.},
355                         {8854892464581./2390941311638.,-12120380./966161.,61146701046299./7138195549469.},
356                         {-11397109935349./6675773540249.,3843./706.,-17219254887155./4939391667607.}};
357     ierr = TSARKIMEXRegister(TSARKIMEX4,4,6,&At[0][0],PETSC_NULL,PETSC_NULL,&A[0][0],PETSC_NULL,PETSC_NULL,bembedt,bembedt,3,binterpt[0],PETSC_NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
358   }
359   {
360     const PetscReal
361       A[8][8] = {{0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},
362                  {41./100,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},
363                  {367902744464./2072280473677.,677623207551./8224143866563.,0,0,0,0,0,0},
364                  {1268023523408./10340822734521.,0,1029933939417./13636558850479.,0,0,0,0,0},
365                  {14463281900351./6315353703477.,0,66114435211212./5879490589093.,-54053170152839./4284798021562.,0,0,0,0},
366                  {14090043504691./34967701212078.,0,15191511035443./11219624916014.,-18461159152457./12425892160975.,-281667163811./9011619295870.,0,0,0},
367                  {19230459214898./13134317526959.,0,21275331358303./2942455364971.,-38145345988419./4862620318723.,-1./8,-1./8,0,0},
368                  {-19977161125411./11928030595625.,0,-40795976796054./6384907823539.,177454434618887./12078138498510.,782672205425./8267701900261.,-69563011059811./9646580694205.,7356628210526./4942186776405.,0}},
369       At[8][8] = {{0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},
370                   {41./200.,41./200.,0,0,0,0,0,0},
371                   {41./400.,-567603406766./11931857230679.,41./200.,0,0,0,0,0},
372                   {683785636431./9252920307686.,0,-110385047103./1367015193373.,41./200.,0,0,0,0},
373                   {3016520224154./10081342136671.,0,30586259806659./12414158314087.,-22760509404356./11113319521817.,41./200.,0,0,0},
374                   {218866479029./1489978393911.,0,638256894668./5436446318841.,-1179710474555./5321154724896.,-60928119172./8023461067671.,41./200.,0,0},
375                   {1020004230633./5715676835656.,0,25762820946817./25263940353407.,-2161375909145./9755907335909.,-211217309593./5846859502534.,-4269925059573./7827059040749.,41./200,0},
376                   {-872700587467./9133579230613.,0,0,22348218063261./9555858737531.,-1143369518992./8141816002931.,-39379526789629./19018526304540.,32727382324388./42900044865799.,41./200.}},
377       bembedt[8] = {-975461918565./9796059967033.,0,0,78070527104295./32432590147079.,-548382580838./3424219808633.,-33438840321285./15594753105479.,3629800801594./4656183773603.,4035322873751./18575991585200.},
378       binterpt[8][3] = {{-17674230611817./10670229744614. ,  43486358583215./12773830924787. , -9257016797708./5021505065439.},
379                         {0                               ,  0                              , 0                            },
380                         {0                               ,  0                              , 0                            },
381                         {65168852399939./7868540260826.  ,  -91478233927265./11067650958493., 26096422576131./11239449250142.},
382                         {15494834004392./5936557850923.  ,  -79368583304911./10890268929626., 92396832856987./20362823103730.},
383                         {-99329723586156./26959484932159.,  -12239297817655./9152339842473. , 30029262896817./10175596800299.},
384                         {-19024464361622./5461577185407. ,  115839755401235./10719374521269., -26136350496073./3983972220547.},
385                         {-6511271360970./6095937251113.  ,  5843115559534./2180450260947.   , -5289405421727./3760307252460. }};
386     ierr = TSARKIMEXRegister(TSARKIMEX5,5,8,&At[0][0],PETSC_NULL,PETSC_NULL,&A[0][0],PETSC_NULL,PETSC_NULL,bembedt,bembedt,3,binterpt[0],PETSC_NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
387   }
388 
389   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
390 }
391 
392 #undef __FUNCT__
393 #define __FUNCT__ "TSARKIMEXRegisterDestroy"
394 /*@C
395    TSARKIMEXRegisterDestroy - Frees the list of schemes that were registered by TSARKIMEXRegister().
396 
397    Not Collective
398 
399    Level: advanced
400 
401 .keywords: TSARKIMEX, register, destroy
402 .seealso: TSARKIMEXRegister(), TSARKIMEXRegisterAll(), TSARKIMEXRegisterDynamic()
403 @*/
404 PetscErrorCode TSARKIMEXRegisterDestroy(void)
405 {
406   PetscErrorCode ierr;
407   ARKTableauLink link;
408 
409   PetscFunctionBegin;
410   while ((link = ARKTableauList)) {
411     ARKTableau t = &link->tab;
412     ARKTableauList = link->next;
413     ierr = PetscFree6(t->At,t->bt,t->ct,t->A,t->b,t->c);CHKERRQ(ierr);
414     ierr = PetscFree2(t->bembedt,t->bembed);CHKERRQ(ierr);
415     ierr = PetscFree2(t->binterpt,t->binterp);CHKERRQ(ierr);
416     ierr = PetscFree(t->name);CHKERRQ(ierr);
417     ierr = PetscFree(link);CHKERRQ(ierr);
418   }
419   TSARKIMEXRegisterAllCalled = PETSC_FALSE;
420   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
421 }
422 
423 #undef __FUNCT__
424 #define __FUNCT__ "TSARKIMEXInitializePackage"
425 /*@C
426   TSARKIMEXInitializePackage - This function initializes everything in the TSARKIMEX package. It is called
427   from PetscDLLibraryRegister() when using dynamic libraries, and on the first call to TSCreate_ARKIMEX()
428   when using static libraries.
429 
430   Input Parameter:
431   path - The dynamic library path, or PETSC_NULL
432 
433   Level: developer
434 
435 .keywords: TS, TSARKIMEX, initialize, package
436 .seealso: PetscInitialize()
437 @*/
438 PetscErrorCode TSARKIMEXInitializePackage(const char path[])
439 {
440   PetscErrorCode ierr;
441 
442   PetscFunctionBegin;
443   if (TSARKIMEXPackageInitialized) PetscFunctionReturn(0);
444   TSARKIMEXPackageInitialized = PETSC_TRUE;
445   ierr = TSARKIMEXRegisterAll();CHKERRQ(ierr);
446   ierr = PetscRegisterFinalize(TSARKIMEXFinalizePackage);CHKERRQ(ierr);
447   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
448 }
449 
450 #undef __FUNCT__
451 #define __FUNCT__ "TSARKIMEXFinalizePackage"
452 /*@C
453   TSARKIMEXFinalizePackage - This function destroys everything in the TSARKIMEX package. It is
454   called from PetscFinalize().
455 
456   Level: developer
457 
458 .keywords: Petsc, destroy, package
459 .seealso: PetscFinalize()
460 @*/
461 PetscErrorCode TSARKIMEXFinalizePackage(void)
462 {
463   PetscErrorCode ierr;
464 
465   PetscFunctionBegin;
466   TSARKIMEXPackageInitialized = PETSC_FALSE;
467   ierr = TSARKIMEXRegisterDestroy();CHKERRQ(ierr);
468   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
469 }
470 
471 #undef __FUNCT__
472 #define __FUNCT__ "TSARKIMEXRegister"
473 /*@C
474    TSARKIMEXRegister - register an ARK IMEX scheme by providing the entries in the Butcher tableau and optionally embedded approximations and interpolation
475 
476    Not Collective, but the same schemes should be registered on all processes on which they will be used
477 
478    Input Parameters:
479 +  name - identifier for method
480 .  order - approximation order of method
481 .  s - number of stages, this is the dimension of the matrices below
482 .  At - Butcher table of stage coefficients for stiff part (dimension s*s, row-major)
483 .  bt - Butcher table for completing the stiff part of the step (dimension s; PETSC_NULL to use the last row of At)
484 .  ct - Abscissa of each stiff stage (dimension s, PETSC_NULL to use row sums of At)
485 .  A - Non-stiff stage coefficients (dimension s*s, row-major)
486 .  b - Non-stiff step completion table (dimension s; PETSC_NULL to use last row of At)
487 .  c - Non-stiff abscissa (dimension s; PETSC_NULL to use row sums of A)
488 .  bembedt - Stiff part of completion table for embedded method (dimension s; PETSC_NULL if not available)
489 .  bembed - Non-stiff part of completion table for embedded method (dimension s; PETSC_NULL to use bembedt if provided)
490 .  pinterp - Order of the interpolation scheme, equal to the number of columns of binterpt and binterp
491 .  binterpt - Coefficients of the interpolation formula for the stiff part (dimension s*pinterp)
492 -  binterp - Coefficients of the interpolation formula for the non-stiff part (dimension s*pinterp; PETSC_NULL to reuse binterpt)
493 
494    Notes:
495    Several ARK IMEX methods are provided, this function is only needed to create new methods.
496 
497    Level: advanced
498 
499 .keywords: TS, register
500 
501 .seealso: TSARKIMEX
502 @*/
503 PetscErrorCode TSARKIMEXRegister(const TSARKIMEXType name,PetscInt order,PetscInt s,
504                                  const PetscReal At[],const PetscReal bt[],const PetscReal ct[],
505                                  const PetscReal A[],const PetscReal b[],const PetscReal c[],
506                                  const PetscReal bembedt[],const PetscReal bembed[],
507                                  PetscInt pinterp,const PetscReal binterpt[],const PetscReal binterp[])
508 {
509   PetscErrorCode ierr;
510   ARKTableauLink link;
511   ARKTableau t;
512   PetscInt i,j;
513 
514   PetscFunctionBegin;
515   ierr = PetscMalloc(sizeof(*link),&link);CHKERRQ(ierr);
516   ierr = PetscMemzero(link,sizeof(*link));CHKERRQ(ierr);
517   t = &link->tab;
518   ierr = PetscStrallocpy(name,&t->name);CHKERRQ(ierr);
519   t->order = order;
520   t->s = s;
521   ierr = PetscMalloc6(s*s,PetscReal,&t->At,s,PetscReal,&t->bt,s,PetscReal,&t->ct,s*s,PetscReal,&t->A,s,PetscReal,&t->b,s,PetscReal,&t->c);CHKERRQ(ierr);
522   ierr = PetscMemcpy(t->At,At,s*s*sizeof(At[0]));CHKERRQ(ierr);
523   ierr = PetscMemcpy(t->A,A,s*s*sizeof(A[0]));CHKERRQ(ierr);
524   if (bt) {ierr = PetscMemcpy(t->bt,bt,s*sizeof(bt[0]));CHKERRQ(ierr);}
525   else for (i=0; i<s; i++) t->bt[i] = At[(s-1)*s+i];
526   if (b) {ierr = PetscMemcpy(t->b,b,s*sizeof(b[0]));CHKERRQ(ierr);}
527   else for (i=0; i<s; i++) t->b[i] = At[(s-1)*s+i];
528   if (ct) {ierr = PetscMemcpy(t->ct,ct,s*sizeof(ct[0]));CHKERRQ(ierr);}
529   else for (i=0; i<s; i++) for (j=0,t->ct[i]=0; j<s; j++) t->ct[i] += At[i*s+j];
530   if (c) {ierr = PetscMemcpy(t->c,c,s*sizeof(c[0]));CHKERRQ(ierr);}
531   else for (i=0; i<s; i++) for (j=0,t->c[i]=0; j<s; j++) t->c[i] += A[i*s+j];
532   if (bembedt) {
533     ierr = PetscMalloc2(s,PetscReal,&t->bembedt,s,PetscReal,&t->bembed);CHKERRQ(ierr);
534     ierr = PetscMemcpy(t->bembedt,bembedt,s*sizeof(bembedt[0]));CHKERRQ(ierr);
535     ierr = PetscMemcpy(t->bembed,bembed?bembed:bembedt,s*sizeof(bembed[0]));CHKERRQ(ierr);
536   }
537 
538   t->pinterp = pinterp;
539   ierr = PetscMalloc2(s*pinterp,PetscReal,&t->binterpt,s*pinterp,PetscReal,&t->binterp);CHKERRQ(ierr);
540   ierr = PetscMemcpy(t->binterpt,binterpt,s*pinterp*sizeof(binterpt[0]));CHKERRQ(ierr);
541   ierr = PetscMemcpy(t->binterp,binterp?binterp:binterpt,s*pinterp*sizeof(binterpt[0]));CHKERRQ(ierr);
542   link->next = ARKTableauList;
543   ARKTableauList = link;
544   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
545 }
546 
547 #undef __FUNCT__
548 #define __FUNCT__ "TSEvaluateStep_ARKIMEX"
549 /*
550  The step completion formula is
551 
552  x1 = x0 - h bt^T YdotI + h b^T YdotRHS
553 
554  This function can be called before or after ts->vec_sol has been updated.
555  Suppose we have a completion formula (bt,b) and an embedded formula (bet,be) of different order.
556  We can write
557 
558  x1e = x0 - h bet^T YdotI + h be^T YdotRHS
559      = x1 + h bt^T YdotI - h b^T YdotRHS - h bet^T YdotI + h be^T YdotRHS
560      = x1 - h (bet - bt)^T YdotI + h (be - b)^T YdotRHS
561 
562  so we can evaluate the method with different order even after the step has been optimistically completed.
563 */
564 static PetscErrorCode TSEvaluateStep_ARKIMEX(TS ts,PetscInt order,Vec X,PetscBool *done)
565 {
566   TS_ARKIMEX     *ark = (TS_ARKIMEX*)ts->data;
567   ARKTableau     tab  = ark->tableau;
568   PetscScalar    *w = ark->work;
569   PetscReal      h;
570   PetscInt       s = tab->s,j;
571   PetscErrorCode ierr;
572 
573   PetscFunctionBegin;
574   switch (ark->status) {
575   case TS_STEP_INCOMPLETE:
576   case TS_STEP_PENDING:
577     h = ts->time_step; break;
578   case TS_STEP_COMPLETE:
579     h = ts->time_step_prev; break;
580   default: SETERRQ(((PetscObject)ts)->comm,PETSC_ERR_PLIB,"Invalid TSStepStatus");
581   }
582   if (order == tab->order) {
583     if (ark->status == TS_STEP_INCOMPLETE) { /* Use the standard completion formula (bt,b) */
584       ierr = VecCopy(ts->vec_sol,X);CHKERRQ(ierr);
585       for (j=0; j<s; j++) w[j] = -h*tab->bt[j];
586       ierr = VecMAXPY(X,s,w,ark->YdotI);CHKERRQ(ierr);
587       for (j=0; j<s; j++) w[j] = h*tab->b[j];
588       ierr = VecMAXPY(X,s,w,ark->YdotRHS);CHKERRQ(ierr);
589     } else {ierr = VecCopy(ts->vec_sol,X);CHKERRQ(ierr);}
590     if (done) *done = PETSC_TRUE;
591     PetscFunctionReturn(0);
592   } else if (order == tab->order-1) {
593     if (!tab->bembedt) goto unavailable;
594     if (ark->status == TS_STEP_INCOMPLETE) { /* Complete with the embedded method (bet,be) */
595       ierr = VecCopy(ts->vec_sol,X);CHKERRQ(ierr);
596       for (j=0; j<s; j++) w[j] = -h*tab->bembedt[j];
597       ierr = VecMAXPY(X,s,w,ark->YdotI);CHKERRQ(ierr);
598       for (j=0; j<s; j++) w[j] = h*tab->bembed[j];
599       ierr = VecMAXPY(X,s,w,ark->YdotRHS);CHKERRQ(ierr);
600     } else {                    /* Rollback and re-complete using (bet-be,be-b) */
601       ierr = VecCopy(ts->vec_sol,X);CHKERRQ(ierr);
602       for (j=0; j<s; j++) w[j] = -h*(tab->bembedt[j] - tab->bt[j]);
603       ierr = VecMAXPY(X,tab->s,w,ark->YdotI);CHKERRQ(ierr);
604       for (j=0; j<s; j++) w[j] = h*(tab->bembed[j] - tab->b[j]);
605       ierr = VecMAXPY(X,s,w,ark->YdotRHS);CHKERRQ(ierr);
606     }
607     if (done) *done = PETSC_TRUE;
608     PetscFunctionReturn(0);
609   }
610   unavailable:
611   if (done) *done = PETSC_FALSE;
612   else SETERRQ3(((PetscObject)ts)->comm,PETSC_ERR_SUP,"ARKIMEX '%s' of order %D cannot evaluate step at order %D",tab->name,tab->order,order);
613   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
614 }
615 
616 #undef __FUNCT__
617 #define __FUNCT__ "TSStep_ARKIMEX"
618 static PetscErrorCode TSStep_ARKIMEX(TS ts)
619 {
620   TS_ARKIMEX          *ark = (TS_ARKIMEX*)ts->data;
621   ARKTableau          tab  = ark->tableau;
622   const PetscInt      s    = tab->s;
623   const PetscReal     *At  = tab->At,*A = tab->A,*bt = tab->bt,*b = tab->b,*ct = tab->ct,*c = tab->c;
624   PetscScalar         *w   = ark->work;
625   Vec                 *Y   = ark->Y,*YdotI = ark->YdotI,*YdotRHS = ark->YdotRHS,Ydot = ark->Ydot,W = ark->Work,Z = ark->Z;
626   TSAdapt             adapt;
627   SNES                snes;
628   PetscInt            i,j,its,lits,reject,next_scheme;
629   PetscReal           next_time_step;
630   PetscReal           t;
631   PetscBool           accept;
632   PetscErrorCode      ierr;
633 
634   PetscFunctionBegin;
635   ierr = TSGetSNES(ts,&snes);CHKERRQ(ierr);
636   next_time_step = ts->time_step;
637   t = ts->ptime;
638   accept = PETSC_TRUE;
639   ark->status = TS_STEP_INCOMPLETE;
640 
641   for (reject=0; reject<ts->max_reject && !ts->reason; reject++,ts->reject++) {
642     PetscReal h = ts->time_step;
643     ierr = TSPreStep(ts);CHKERRQ(ierr);
644     for (i=0; i<s; i++) {
645       if (At[i*s+i] == 0) {           /* This stage is explicit */
646         ierr = VecCopy(ts->vec_sol,Y[i]);CHKERRQ(ierr);
647         for (j=0; j<i; j++) w[j] = -h*At[i*s+j];
648         ierr = VecMAXPY(Y[i],i,w,YdotI);CHKERRQ(ierr);
649         for (j=0; j<i; j++) w[j] = h*A[i*s+j];
650         ierr = VecMAXPY(Y[i],i,w,YdotRHS);CHKERRQ(ierr);
651       } else {
652         ark->stage_time = t + h*ct[i];
653         ark->shift = 1./(h*At[i*s+i]);
654         ierr = TSPreStage(ts,ark->stage_time);CHKERRQ(ierr);
655         /* Affine part */
656         ierr = VecZeroEntries(W);CHKERRQ(ierr);
657         for (j=0; j<i; j++) w[j] = h*A[i*s+j];
658         ierr = VecMAXPY(W,i,w,YdotRHS);CHKERRQ(ierr);
659         ierr = VecScale(W, ark->shift);CHKERRQ(ierr);
660 
661         /* Ydot = shift*(Y-Z) */
662         ierr = VecCopy(ts->vec_sol,Z);CHKERRQ(ierr);
663         for (j=0; j<i; j++) w[j] = -h*At[i*s+j];
664         ierr = VecMAXPY(Z,i,w,YdotI);CHKERRQ(ierr);
665 
666         /* Initial guess taken from last stage */
667         ierr = VecCopy(i>0?Y[i-1]:ts->vec_sol,Y[i]);CHKERRQ(ierr);
668         ierr = SNESSolve(snes,W,Y[i]);CHKERRQ(ierr);
669         ierr = SNESGetIterationNumber(snes,&its);CHKERRQ(ierr);
670         ierr = SNESGetLinearSolveIterations(snes,&lits);CHKERRQ(ierr);
671         ts->snes_its += its; ts->ksp_its += lits;
672         ierr = TSGetAdapt(ts,&adapt);CHKERRQ(ierr);
673         ierr = TSAdaptCheckStage(adapt,ts,&accept);CHKERRQ(ierr);
674         if (!accept) goto reject_step;
675       }
676       ierr = VecZeroEntries(Ydot);CHKERRQ(ierr);
677       ierr = TSComputeIFunction(ts,t+h*ct[i],Y[i],Ydot,YdotI[i],ark->imex);CHKERRQ(ierr);
678       if (ark->imex) {
679         ierr = TSComputeRHSFunction(ts,t+h*c[i],Y[i],YdotRHS[i]);CHKERRQ(ierr);
680       } else {
681         ierr = VecZeroEntries(YdotRHS[i]);CHKERRQ(ierr);
682       }
683     }
684     ierr = TSEvaluateStep(ts,tab->order,ts->vec_sol,PETSC_NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
685     ark->status = TS_STEP_PENDING;
686 
687     /* Register only the current method as a candidate because we're not supporting multiple candidates yet. */
688     ierr = TSGetAdapt(ts,&adapt);CHKERRQ(ierr);
689     ierr = TSAdaptCandidatesClear(adapt);CHKERRQ(ierr);
690     ierr = TSAdaptCandidateAdd(adapt,tab->name,tab->order,1,tab->ccfl,1.*tab->s,PETSC_TRUE);CHKERRQ(ierr);
691     ierr = TSAdaptChoose(adapt,ts,ts->time_step,&next_scheme,&next_time_step,&accept);CHKERRQ(ierr);
692     if (accept) {
693       /* ignore next_scheme for now */
694       ts->ptime += ts->time_step;
695       ts->time_step = next_time_step;
696       ts->steps++;
697       ark->status = TS_STEP_COMPLETE;
698       break;
699     } else {                    /* Roll back the current step */
700       for (j=0; j<s; j++) w[j] = h*bt[j];
701       ierr = VecMAXPY(ts->vec_sol,s,w,ark->YdotI);CHKERRQ(ierr);
702       for (j=0; j<s; j++) w[j] = -h*b[j];
703       ierr = VecMAXPY(ts->vec_sol,s,w,ark->YdotRHS);CHKERRQ(ierr);
704       ts->time_step = next_time_step;
705       ark->status = TS_STEP_INCOMPLETE;
706     }
707     reject_step: continue;
708   }
709   if (ark->status != TS_STEP_COMPLETE && !ts->reason) ts->reason = TS_DIVERGED_STEP_REJECTED;
710   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
711 }
712 
713 #undef __FUNCT__
714 #define __FUNCT__ "TSInterpolate_ARKIMEX"
715 static PetscErrorCode TSInterpolate_ARKIMEX(TS ts,PetscReal itime,Vec X)
716 {
717   TS_ARKIMEX *ark = (TS_ARKIMEX*)ts->data;
718   PetscInt s = ark->tableau->s,pinterp = ark->tableau->pinterp,i,j;
719   PetscReal h;
720   PetscReal tt,t;
721   PetscScalar *bt,*b;
722   const PetscReal *Bt = ark->tableau->binterpt,*B = ark->tableau->binterp;
723   PetscErrorCode ierr;
724 
725   PetscFunctionBegin;
726   if (!Bt || !B) SETERRQ1(((PetscObject)ts)->comm,PETSC_ERR_SUP,"TSARKIMEX %s does not have an interpolation formula",ark->tableau->name);
727   switch (ark->status) {
728   case TS_STEP_INCOMPLETE:
729   case TS_STEP_PENDING:
730     h = ts->time_step;
731     t = (itime - ts->ptime)/h;
732     break;
733   case TS_STEP_COMPLETE:
734     h = ts->time_step_prev;
735     t = (itime - ts->ptime)/h + 1; /* In the interval [0,1] */
736     break;
737   default: SETERRQ(((PetscObject)ts)->comm,PETSC_ERR_PLIB,"Invalid TSStepStatus");
738   }
739   ierr = PetscMalloc2(s,PetscScalar,&bt,s,PetscScalar,&b);CHKERRQ(ierr);
740   for (i=0; i<s; i++) bt[i] = b[i] = 0;
741   for (j=0,tt=t; j<pinterp; j++,tt*=t) {
742     for (i=0; i<s; i++) {
743       bt[i] += h * Bt[i*pinterp+j] * tt * -1.0;
744       b[i]  += h * B[i*pinterp+j] * tt;
745     }
746   }
747   if (ark->tableau->At[0*s+0] != 0.0) SETERRQ(((PetscObject)ts)->comm,PETSC_ERR_SUP,"First stage not explicit so starting stage not saved");
748   ierr = VecCopy(ark->Y[0],X);CHKERRQ(ierr);
749   ierr = VecMAXPY(X,s,bt,ark->YdotI);CHKERRQ(ierr);
750   ierr = VecMAXPY(X,s,b,ark->YdotRHS);CHKERRQ(ierr);
751   ierr = PetscFree2(bt,b);CHKERRQ(ierr);
752   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
753 }
754 
755 /*------------------------------------------------------------*/
756 #undef __FUNCT__
757 #define __FUNCT__ "TSReset_ARKIMEX"
758 static PetscErrorCode TSReset_ARKIMEX(TS ts)
759 {
760   TS_ARKIMEX      *ark = (TS_ARKIMEX*)ts->data;
761   PetscInt        s;
762   PetscErrorCode  ierr;
763 
764   PetscFunctionBegin;
765   if (!ark->tableau) PetscFunctionReturn(0);
766   s = ark->tableau->s;
767   ierr = VecDestroyVecs(s,&ark->Y);CHKERRQ(ierr);
768   ierr = VecDestroyVecs(s,&ark->YdotI);CHKERRQ(ierr);
769   ierr = VecDestroyVecs(s,&ark->YdotRHS);CHKERRQ(ierr);
770   ierr = VecDestroy(&ark->Ydot);CHKERRQ(ierr);
771   ierr = VecDestroy(&ark->Work);CHKERRQ(ierr);
772   ierr = VecDestroy(&ark->Z);CHKERRQ(ierr);
773   ierr = PetscFree(ark->work);CHKERRQ(ierr);
774   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
775 }
776 
777 #undef __FUNCT__
778 #define __FUNCT__ "TSDestroy_ARKIMEX"
779 static PetscErrorCode TSDestroy_ARKIMEX(TS ts)
780 {
781   PetscErrorCode  ierr;
782 
783   PetscFunctionBegin;
784   ierr = TSReset_ARKIMEX(ts);CHKERRQ(ierr);
785   ierr = PetscFree(ts->data);CHKERRQ(ierr);
786   ierr = PetscObjectComposeFunctionDynamic((PetscObject)ts,"TSARKIMEXGetType_C","",PETSC_NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
787   ierr = PetscObjectComposeFunctionDynamic((PetscObject)ts,"TSARKIMEXSetType_C","",PETSC_NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
788   ierr = PetscObjectComposeFunctionDynamic((PetscObject)ts,"TSARKIMEXSetFullyImplicit_C","",PETSC_NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
789   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
790 }
791 
792 /*
793   This defines the nonlinear equation that is to be solved with SNES
794   G(U) = F[t0+Theta*dt, U, (U-U0)*shift] = 0
795 */
796 #undef __FUNCT__
797 #define __FUNCT__ "SNESTSFormFunction_ARKIMEX"
798 static PetscErrorCode SNESTSFormFunction_ARKIMEX(SNES snes,Vec X,Vec F,TS ts)
799 {
800   TS_ARKIMEX     *ark = (TS_ARKIMEX*)ts->data;
801   PetscErrorCode ierr;
802 
803   PetscFunctionBegin;
804   ierr = VecAXPBYPCZ(ark->Ydot,-ark->shift,ark->shift,0,ark->Z,X);CHKERRQ(ierr); /* Ydot = shift*(X-Z) */
805   ierr = TSComputeIFunction(ts,ark->stage_time,X,ark->Ydot,F,ark->imex);CHKERRQ(ierr);
806   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
807 }
808 
809 #undef __FUNCT__
810 #define __FUNCT__ "SNESTSFormJacobian_ARKIMEX"
811 static PetscErrorCode SNESTSFormJacobian_ARKIMEX(SNES snes,Vec X,Mat *A,Mat *B,MatStructure *str,TS ts)
812 {
813   TS_ARKIMEX       *ark = (TS_ARKIMEX*)ts->data;
814   PetscErrorCode ierr;
815 
816   PetscFunctionBegin;
817   /* ark->Ydot has already been computed in SNESTSFormFunction_ARKIMEX (SNES guarantees this) */
818   ierr = TSComputeIJacobian(ts,ark->stage_time,X,ark->Ydot,ark->shift,A,B,str,PETSC_TRUE);CHKERRQ(ierr);
819   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
820 }
821 
822 #undef __FUNCT__
823 #define __FUNCT__ "TSSetUp_ARKIMEX"
824 static PetscErrorCode TSSetUp_ARKIMEX(TS ts)
825 {
826   TS_ARKIMEX     *ark = (TS_ARKIMEX*)ts->data;
827   ARKTableau     tab  = ark->tableau;
828   PetscInt       s = tab->s;
829   PetscErrorCode ierr;
830 
831   PetscFunctionBegin;
832   if (!ark->tableau) {
833     ierr = TSARKIMEXSetType(ts,TSARKIMEXDefault);CHKERRQ(ierr);
834   }
835   ierr = VecDuplicateVecs(ts->vec_sol,s,&ark->Y);CHKERRQ(ierr);
836   ierr = VecDuplicateVecs(ts->vec_sol,s,&ark->YdotI);CHKERRQ(ierr);
837   ierr = VecDuplicateVecs(ts->vec_sol,s,&ark->YdotRHS);CHKERRQ(ierr);
838   ierr = VecDuplicate(ts->vec_sol,&ark->Ydot);CHKERRQ(ierr);
839   ierr = VecDuplicate(ts->vec_sol,&ark->Work);CHKERRQ(ierr);
840   ierr = VecDuplicate(ts->vec_sol,&ark->Z);CHKERRQ(ierr);
841   ierr = PetscMalloc(s*sizeof(ark->work[0]),&ark->work);CHKERRQ(ierr);
842   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
843 }
844 /*------------------------------------------------------------*/
845 
846 #undef __FUNCT__
847 #define __FUNCT__ "TSSetFromOptions_ARKIMEX"
848 static PetscErrorCode TSSetFromOptions_ARKIMEX(TS ts)
849 {
850   TS_ARKIMEX     *ark = (TS_ARKIMEX*)ts->data;
851   PetscErrorCode ierr;
852   char           arktype[256];
853 
854   PetscFunctionBegin;
855   ierr = PetscOptionsHead("ARKIMEX ODE solver options");CHKERRQ(ierr);
856   {
857     ARKTableauLink link;
858     PetscInt count,choice;
859     PetscBool flg;
860     const char **namelist;
861     ierr = PetscStrncpy(arktype,TSARKIMEXDefault,sizeof arktype);CHKERRQ(ierr);
862     for (link=ARKTableauList,count=0; link; link=link->next,count++) ;
863     ierr = PetscMalloc(count*sizeof(char*),&namelist);CHKERRQ(ierr);
864     for (link=ARKTableauList,count=0; link; link=link->next,count++) namelist[count] = link->tab.name;
865     ierr = PetscOptionsEList("-ts_arkimex_type","Family of ARK IMEX method","TSARKIMEXSetType",(const char*const*)namelist,count,arktype,&choice,&flg);CHKERRQ(ierr);
866     ierr = TSARKIMEXSetType(ts,flg ? namelist[choice] : arktype);CHKERRQ(ierr);
867     ierr = PetscFree(namelist);CHKERRQ(ierr);
868     flg = (PetscBool)!ark->imex;
869     ierr = PetscOptionsBool("-ts_arkimex_fully_implicit","Solve the problem fully implicitly","TSARKIMEXSetFullyImplicit",flg,&flg,PETSC_NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
870     ark->imex = (PetscBool)!flg;
871     ierr = SNESSetFromOptions(ts->snes);CHKERRQ(ierr);
872   }
873   ierr = PetscOptionsTail();CHKERRQ(ierr);
874   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
875 }
876 
877 #undef __FUNCT__
878 #define __FUNCT__ "PetscFormatRealArray"
879 static PetscErrorCode PetscFormatRealArray(char buf[],size_t len,const char *fmt,PetscInt n,const PetscReal x[])
880 {
881   PetscErrorCode ierr;
882   PetscInt i;
883   size_t left,count;
884   char *p;
885 
886   PetscFunctionBegin;
887   for (i=0,p=buf,left=len; i<n; i++) {
888     ierr = PetscSNPrintfCount(p,left,fmt,&count,x[i]);CHKERRQ(ierr);
889     if (count >= left) SETERRQ(PETSC_COMM_SELF,PETSC_ERR_ARG_OUTOFRANGE,"Insufficient space in buffer");
890     left -= count;
891     p += count;
892     *p++ = ' ';
893   }
894   p[i ? 0 : -1] = 0;
895   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
896 }
897 
898 #undef __FUNCT__
899 #define __FUNCT__ "TSView_ARKIMEX"
900 static PetscErrorCode TSView_ARKIMEX(TS ts,PetscViewer viewer)
901 {
902   TS_ARKIMEX     *ark = (TS_ARKIMEX*)ts->data;
903   ARKTableau     tab = ark->tableau;
904   PetscBool      iascii;
905   PetscErrorCode ierr;
906 
907   PetscFunctionBegin;
908   ierr = PetscObjectTypeCompare((PetscObject)viewer,PETSCVIEWERASCII,&iascii);CHKERRQ(ierr);
909   if (iascii) {
910     const TSARKIMEXType arktype;
911     char buf[512];
912     ierr = TSARKIMEXGetType(ts,&arktype);CHKERRQ(ierr);
913     ierr = PetscViewerASCIIPrintf(viewer,"  ARK IMEX %s\n",arktype);CHKERRQ(ierr);
914     ierr = PetscFormatRealArray(buf,sizeof buf,"% 8.6f",tab->s,tab->ct);CHKERRQ(ierr);
915     ierr = PetscViewerASCIIPrintf(viewer,"  Stiff abscissa       ct = %s\n",buf);CHKERRQ(ierr);
916     ierr = PetscFormatRealArray(buf,sizeof buf,"% 8.6f",tab->s,tab->c);CHKERRQ(ierr);
917     ierr = PetscViewerASCIIPrintf(viewer,"  Nonstiff abscissa     c = %s\n",buf);CHKERRQ(ierr);
918   }
919   ierr = SNESView(ts->snes,viewer);CHKERRQ(ierr);
920   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
921 }
922 
923 #undef __FUNCT__
924 #define __FUNCT__ "TSARKIMEXSetType"
925 /*@C
926   TSARKIMEXSetType - Set the type of ARK IMEX scheme
927 
928   Logically collective
929 
930   Input Parameter:
931 +  ts - timestepping context
932 -  arktype - type of ARK-IMEX scheme
933 
934   Level: intermediate
935 
936 .seealso: TSARKIMEXGetType(), TSARKIMEX, TSARKIMEX2D, TSARKIMEX2E, TSARKIMEXPRSSP2, TSARKIMEX3, TSARKIMEXBPR3, TSARKIMEXARS443, TSARKIMEX4, TSARKIMEX5
937 @*/
938 PetscErrorCode TSARKIMEXSetType(TS ts,const TSARKIMEXType arktype)
939 {
940   PetscErrorCode ierr;
941 
942   PetscFunctionBegin;
943   PetscValidHeaderSpecific(ts,TS_CLASSID,1);
944   ierr = PetscTryMethod(ts,"TSARKIMEXSetType_C",(TS,const TSARKIMEXType),(ts,arktype));CHKERRQ(ierr);
945   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
946 }
947 
948 #undef __FUNCT__
949 #define __FUNCT__ "TSARKIMEXGetType"
950 /*@C
951   TSARKIMEXGetType - Get the type of ARK IMEX scheme
952 
953   Logically collective
954 
955   Input Parameter:
956 .  ts - timestepping context
957 
958   Output Parameter:
959 .  arktype - type of ARK-IMEX scheme
960 
961   Level: intermediate
962 
963 .seealso: TSARKIMEXGetType()
964 @*/
965 PetscErrorCode TSARKIMEXGetType(TS ts,const TSARKIMEXType *arktype)
966 {
967   PetscErrorCode ierr;
968 
969   PetscFunctionBegin;
970   PetscValidHeaderSpecific(ts,TS_CLASSID,1);
971   ierr = PetscUseMethod(ts,"TSARKIMEXGetType_C",(TS,const TSARKIMEXType*),(ts,arktype));CHKERRQ(ierr);
972   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
973 }
974 
975 #undef __FUNCT__
976 #define __FUNCT__ "TSARKIMEXSetFullyImplicit"
977 /*@C
978   TSARKIMEXSetFullyImplicit - Solve both parts of the equation implicitly
979 
980   Logically collective
981 
982   Input Parameter:
983 +  ts - timestepping context
984 -  flg - PETSC_TRUE for fully implicit
985 
986   Level: intermediate
987 
988 .seealso: TSARKIMEXGetType()
989 @*/
990 PetscErrorCode TSARKIMEXSetFullyImplicit(TS ts,PetscBool flg)
991 {
992   PetscErrorCode ierr;
993 
994   PetscFunctionBegin;
995   PetscValidHeaderSpecific(ts,TS_CLASSID,1);
996   ierr = PetscTryMethod(ts,"TSARKIMEXSetFullyImplicit_C",(TS,PetscBool),(ts,flg));CHKERRQ(ierr);
997   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
998 }
999 
1000 EXTERN_C_BEGIN
1001 #undef __FUNCT__
1002 #define __FUNCT__ "TSARKIMEXGetType_ARKIMEX"
1003 PetscErrorCode  TSARKIMEXGetType_ARKIMEX(TS ts,const TSARKIMEXType *arktype)
1004 {
1005   TS_ARKIMEX *ark = (TS_ARKIMEX*)ts->data;
1006   PetscErrorCode ierr;
1007 
1008   PetscFunctionBegin;
1009   if (!ark->tableau) {ierr = TSARKIMEXSetType(ts,TSARKIMEXDefault);CHKERRQ(ierr);}
1010   *arktype = ark->tableau->name;
1011   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
1012 }
1013 #undef __FUNCT__
1014 #define __FUNCT__ "TSARKIMEXSetType_ARKIMEX"
1015 PetscErrorCode  TSARKIMEXSetType_ARKIMEX(TS ts,const TSARKIMEXType arktype)
1016 {
1017   TS_ARKIMEX *ark = (TS_ARKIMEX*)ts->data;
1018   PetscErrorCode ierr;
1019   PetscBool match;
1020   ARKTableauLink link;
1021 
1022   PetscFunctionBegin;
1023   if (ark->tableau) {
1024     ierr = PetscStrcmp(ark->tableau->name,arktype,&match);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1025     if (match) PetscFunctionReturn(0);
1026   }
1027   for (link = ARKTableauList; link; link=link->next) {
1028     ierr = PetscStrcmp(link->tab.name,arktype,&match);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1029     if (match) {
1030       ierr = TSReset_ARKIMEX(ts);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1031       ark->tableau = &link->tab;
1032       PetscFunctionReturn(0);
1033     }
1034   }
1035   SETERRQ1(((PetscObject)ts)->comm,PETSC_ERR_ARG_UNKNOWN_TYPE,"Could not find '%s'",arktype);
1036   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
1037 }
1038 #undef __FUNCT__
1039 #define __FUNCT__ "TSARKIMEXSetFullyImplicit_ARKIMEX"
1040 PetscErrorCode  TSARKIMEXSetFullyImplicit_ARKIMEX(TS ts,PetscBool flg)
1041 {
1042   TS_ARKIMEX *ark = (TS_ARKIMEX*)ts->data;
1043 
1044   PetscFunctionBegin;
1045   ark->imex = (PetscBool)!flg;
1046   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
1047 }
1048 EXTERN_C_END
1049 
1050 /* ------------------------------------------------------------ */
1051 /*MC
1052       TSARKIMEX - ODE solver using Additive Runge-Kutta IMEX schemes
1053 
1054   These methods are intended for problems with well-separated time scales, especially when a slow scale is strongly
1055   nonlinear such that it is expensive to solve with a fully implicit method. The user should provide the stiff part
1056   of the equation using TSSetIFunction() and the non-stiff part with TSSetRHSFunction().
1057 
1058   Notes:
1059   The default is TSARKIMEX2E, it can be changed with TSARKIMEXSetType() or -ts_arkimex_type
1060 
1061   This method currently only works with ODE, for which the stiff part G(t,X,Xdot) has the form Xdot + Ghat(t,X).
1062 
1063   Level: beginner
1064 
1065 .seealso:  TSCreate(), TS, TSSetType(), TSARKIMEXSetType(), TSARKIMEXGetType(), TSARKIMEXSetFullyImplicit(), TSARKIMEX2D, TTSARKIMEX2E, TSARKIMEX3,
1066            TSARKIMEX4, TSARKIMEX5, TSARKIMEXType, TSARKIMEXRegister()
1067 
1068 M*/
1069 EXTERN_C_BEGIN
1070 #undef __FUNCT__
1071 #define __FUNCT__ "TSCreate_ARKIMEX"
1072 PetscErrorCode  TSCreate_ARKIMEX(TS ts)
1073 {
1074   TS_ARKIMEX       *th;
1075   PetscErrorCode ierr;
1076 
1077   PetscFunctionBegin;
1078 #if !defined(PETSC_USE_DYNAMIC_LIBRARIES)
1079   ierr = TSARKIMEXInitializePackage(PETSC_NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1080 #endif
1081 
1082   ts->ops->reset          = TSReset_ARKIMEX;
1083   ts->ops->destroy        = TSDestroy_ARKIMEX;
1084   ts->ops->view           = TSView_ARKIMEX;
1085   ts->ops->setup          = TSSetUp_ARKIMEX;
1086   ts->ops->step           = TSStep_ARKIMEX;
1087   ts->ops->interpolate    = TSInterpolate_ARKIMEX;
1088   ts->ops->evaluatestep   = TSEvaluateStep_ARKIMEX;
1089   ts->ops->setfromoptions = TSSetFromOptions_ARKIMEX;
1090   ts->ops->snesfunction   = SNESTSFormFunction_ARKIMEX;
1091   ts->ops->snesjacobian   = SNESTSFormJacobian_ARKIMEX;
1092 
1093   ierr = PetscNewLog(ts,TS_ARKIMEX,&th);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1094   ts->data = (void*)th;
1095   th->imex = PETSC_TRUE;
1096 
1097   ierr = PetscObjectComposeFunctionDynamic((PetscObject)ts,"TSARKIMEXGetType_C","TSARKIMEXGetType_ARKIMEX",TSARKIMEXGetType_ARKIMEX);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1098   ierr = PetscObjectComposeFunctionDynamic((PetscObject)ts,"TSARKIMEXSetType_C","TSARKIMEXSetType_ARKIMEX",TSARKIMEXSetType_ARKIMEX);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1099   ierr = PetscObjectComposeFunctionDynamic((PetscObject)ts,"TSARKIMEXSetFullyImplicit_C","TSARKIMEXSetFullyImplicit_ARKIMEX",TSARKIMEXSetFullyImplicit_ARKIMEX);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1100   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
1101 }
1102 EXTERN_C_END
1103