xref: /petsc/src/ts/impls/arkimex/arkimex.c (revision d724dfffc20f5834ebb4b97bb1e8ef89c8c2f0ed)
1 /*
2   Code for timestepping with additive Runge-Kutta IMEX method
3 
4   Notes:
5   The general system is written as
6 
7   F(t,U,Udot) = G(t,U)
8 
9   where F represents the stiff part of the physics and G represents the non-stiff part.
10 
11 */
12 #include <petsc-private/tsimpl.h>                /*I   "petscts.h"   I*/
13 
14 static TSARKIMEXType TSARKIMEXDefault = TSARKIMEX3;
15 static PetscBool TSARKIMEXRegisterAllCalled;
16 static PetscBool TSARKIMEXPackageInitialized;
17 
18 typedef struct _ARKTableau *ARKTableau;
19 struct _ARKTableau {
20   char      *name;
21   PetscInt  order;               /* Classical approximation order of the method */
22   PetscInt  s;                   /* Number of stages */
23   PetscInt  pinterp;             /* Interpolation order */
24   PetscReal *At,*bt,*ct;        /* Stiff tableau */
25   PetscReal *A,*b,*c;           /* Non-stiff tableau */
26   PetscReal *bembedt,*bembed;   /* Embedded formula of order one less (order-1) */
27   PetscReal *binterpt,*binterp; /* Dense output formula */
28   PetscReal ccfl;               /* Placeholder for CFL coefficient relative to forward Euler */
29 };
30 typedef struct _ARKTableauLink *ARKTableauLink;
31 struct _ARKTableauLink {
32   struct _ARKTableau tab;
33   ARKTableauLink next;
34 };
35 static ARKTableauLink ARKTableauList;
36 
37 typedef struct {
38   ARKTableau   tableau;
39   Vec          *Y;               /* States computed during the step */
40   Vec          *YdotI;           /* Time derivatives for the stiff part */
41   Vec          *YdotRHS;         /* Function evaluations for the non-stiff part */
42   Vec          Ydot;             /* Work vector holding Ydot during residual evaluation */
43   Vec          Work;             /* Generic work vector */
44   Vec          Z;                /* Ydot = shift(Y-Z) */
45   PetscScalar  *work;            /* Scalar work */
46   PetscReal    scoeff;           /* shift = scoeff/dt */
47   PetscReal    stage_time;
48   PetscBool    imex;
49   TSStepStatus status;
50 } TS_ARKIMEX;
51 /*MC
52      TSARKIMEXARS122 - Second order ARK IMEX scheme.
53 
54      This method has one explicit stage and one implicit stage.
55 
56      References:
57      U. Ascher, S. Ruuth, R. J. Spitheri, Implicit-explicit Runge-Kutta methods for time dependent Partial Differential Equations. Appl. Numer. Math. 25, (1997), pp. 151–167.
58 
59      Level: advanced
60 
61 .seealso: TSARKIMEX
62 M*/
63 /*MC
64      TSARKIMEXA2 - Second order ARK IMEX scheme with A-stable implicit part.
65 
66      This method has an explicit stage and one implicit stage, and has an A-stable implicit scheme. This method was provided by Emil Constantinescu.
67 
68      Level: advanced
69 
70 .seealso: TSARKIMEX
71 M*/
72 /*MC
73      TSARKIMEXL2 - Second order ARK IMEX scheme with L-stable implicit part.
74 
75      This method has two implicit stages, and L-stable implicit scheme.
76 
77     References:
78      L. Pareschi, G. Russo, Implicit-Explicit Runge-Kutta schemes and applications to hyperbolic systems with relaxations. Journal of Scientific Computing Volume: 25, Issue: 1, October, 2005, pp. 129-155
79 
80      Level: advanced
81 
82 .seealso: TSARKIMEX
83 M*/
84 /*MC
85      TSARKIMEX2C - Second order ARK IMEX scheme with L-stable implicit part.
86 
87      This method has one explicit stage and two implicit stages. The implicit part is the same as in TSARKIMEX2D and TSARKIMEX2E, but the explicit part has a larger stability region on the negative real axis. This method was provided by Emil Constantinescu.
88 
89      Level: advanced
90 
91 .seealso: TSARKIMEX
92 M*/
93 /*MC
94      TSARKIMEX2D - Second order ARK IMEX scheme with L-stable implicit part.
95 
96      This method has one explicit stage and two implicit stages. This method was provided by Emil Constantinescu.
97 
98      Level: advanced
99 
100 .seealso: TSARKIMEX
101 M*/
102 /*MC
103      TSARKIMEX2E - Second order ARK IMEX scheme with L-stable implicit part.
104 
105      This method has one explicit stage and two implicit stages. It is is an optimal method developed by Emil Constantinescu.
106 
107      Level: advanced
108 
109 .seealso: TSARKIMEX
110 M*/
111 /*MC
112      TSARKIMEXPRSSP2 - Second order SSP ARK IMEX scheme.
113 
114      This method has three implicit stages.
115 
116      References:
117      L. Pareschi, G. Russo, Implicit-Explicit Runge-Kutta schemes and applications to hyperbolic systems with relaxations. Journal of Scientific Computing Volume: 25, Issue: 1, October, 2005, pp. 129-155
118 
119      This method is referred to as SSP2-(3,3,2) in http://arxiv.org/abs/1110.4375
120 
121      Level: advanced
122 
123 .seealso: TSARKIMEX
124 M*/
125 /*MC
126      TSARKIMEX3 - Third order ARK IMEX scheme with L-stable implicit part.
127 
128      This method has one explicit stage and three implicit stages.
129 
130      References:
131      Kennedy and Carpenter 2003.
132 
133      Level: advanced
134 
135 .seealso: TSARKIMEX
136 M*/
137 /*MC
138      TSARKIMEXARS443 - Third order ARK IMEX scheme.
139 
140      This method has one explicit stage and four implicit stages.
141 
142      References:
143      U. Ascher, S. Ruuth, R. J. Spitheri, Implicit-explicit Runge-Kutta methods for time dependent Partial Differential Equations. Appl. Numer. Math. 25, (1997), pp. 151–167.
144 
145      This method is referred to as ARS(4,4,3) in http://arxiv.org/abs/1110.4375
146 
147      Level: advanced
148 
149 .seealso: TSARKIMEX
150 M*/
151 /*MC
152      TSARKIMEXBPR3 - Third order ARK IMEX scheme.
153 
154      This method has one explicit stage and four implicit stages.
155 
156      References:
157      This method is referred to as ARK3 in http://arxiv.org/abs/1110.4375
158 
159      Level: advanced
160 
161 .seealso: TSARKIMEX
162 M*/
163 /*MC
164      TSARKIMEX4 - Fourth order ARK IMEX scheme with L-stable implicit part.
165 
166      This method has one explicit stage and four implicit stages.
167 
168      References:
169      Kennedy and Carpenter 2003.
170 
171      Level: advanced
172 
173 .seealso: TSARKIMEX
174 M*/
175 /*MC
176      TSARKIMEX5 - Fifth order ARK IMEX scheme with L-stable implicit part.
177 
178      This method has one explicit stage and five implicit stages.
179 
180      References:
181      Kennedy and Carpenter 2003.
182 
183      Level: advanced
184 
185 .seealso: TSARKIMEX
186 M*/
187 
188 #undef __FUNCT__
189 #define __FUNCT__ "TSARKIMEXRegisterAll"
190 /*@C
191   TSARKIMEXRegisterAll - Registers all of the additive Runge-Kutta implicit-explicit methods in TSARKIMEX
192 
193   Not Collective, but should be called by all processes which will need the schemes to be registered
194 
195   Level: advanced
196 
197 .keywords: TS, TSARKIMEX, register, all
198 
199 .seealso:  TSARKIMEXRegisterDestroy()
200 @*/
201 PetscErrorCode TSARKIMEXRegisterAll(void)
202 {
203   PetscErrorCode ierr;
204 
205   PetscFunctionBegin;
206   if (TSARKIMEXRegisterAllCalled) PetscFunctionReturn(0);
207   TSARKIMEXRegisterAllCalled = PETSC_TRUE;
208   {
209     const PetscReal
210       A[2][2] = {{0.0,0.0},
211                  {0.5,0.0}},
212       At[2][2] = {{0.0,0.0},
213                   {0.0,0.5}},
214         b[2] = {0.0,1.0},
215           bembedt[2] = {0.5,0.5};
216           /* binterpt[2][2] = {{1.0,-1.0},{0.0,1.0}};  second order dense output has poor stability properties and hence it is not currently in use*/
217           ierr = TSARKIMEXRegister(TSARKIMEXARS122,2,2,&At[0][0],b,PETSC_NULL,&A[0][0],b,PETSC_NULL,bembedt,bembedt,1,b,PETSC_NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
218   }
219   {
220     const PetscReal
221       A[2][2] = {{0.0,0.0},
222                  {1.0,0.0}},
223       At[2][2] = {{0.0,0.0},
224                   {0.5,0.5}},
225         b[2] = {0.5,0.5},
226           bembedt[2] = {0.0,1.0};
227           /* binterpt[2][2] = {{1.0,-0.5},{0.0,0.5}}  second order dense output has poor stability properties and hence it is not currently in use*/
228           ierr = TSARKIMEXRegister(TSARKIMEXA2,2,2,&At[0][0],b,PETSC_NULL,&A[0][0],b,PETSC_NULL,bembedt,bembedt,1,b,PETSC_NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
229   }
230   {
231     const PetscReal us2 = 1.0-1.0/PetscSqrtReal((PetscReal)2.0);
232     const PetscReal
233       A[2][2] = {{0.0,0.0},
234                  {1.0,0.0}},
235       At[2][2] = {{us2,0.0},
236                   {1.0-2.0*us2,us2}},
237         b[2] = {0.5,0.5},
238           bembedt[2] = {0.0,1.0},
239             binterpt[2][2] = {{(us2-1.0)/(2.0*us2-1.0),-1/(2.0*(1.0-2.0*us2))},{1-(us2-1.0)/(2.0*us2-1.0),-1/(2.0*(1.0-2.0*us2))}},
240               binterp[2][2] = {{1.0,-0.5},{0.0,0.5}};
241               ierr = TSARKIMEXRegister(TSARKIMEXL2,2,2,&At[0][0],b,PETSC_NULL,&A[0][0],b,PETSC_NULL,bembedt,bembedt,2,binterpt[0],binterp[0]);CHKERRQ(ierr);
242   }
243   {
244     const PetscReal s2 = PetscSqrtReal((PetscReal)2.0),
245       A[3][3] = {{0,0,0},
246                  {2-s2,0,0},
247                  {0.55,0.45,0}},
248       At[3][3] = {{0,0,0},
249                   {1-1/s2,1-1/s2,0},
250                   {1/(2*s2),1/(2*s2),1-1/s2}},
251         bembedt[3] = {(4.-s2)/8.,(4.-s2)/8.,1/(2.*s2)},
252         binterpt[3][2] = {{1.0/s2,-1.0/(2.0*s2)},{1.0/s2,-1.0/(2.0*s2)},{1.0-s2,1.0/s2}};
253     ierr = TSARKIMEXRegister(TSARKIMEX2C,2,3,&At[0][0],PETSC_NULL,PETSC_NULL,&A[0][0],PETSC_NULL,PETSC_NULL,bembedt,bembedt,2,binterpt[0],PETSC_NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
254   }
255   {
256     const PetscReal s2 = PetscSqrtReal((PetscReal)2.0),
257       A[3][3] = {{0,0,0},
258                  {2-s2,0,0},
259                  {0.75,0.25,0}},
260       At[3][3] = {{0,0,0},
261                   {1-1/s2,1-1/s2,0},
262                   {1/(2*s2),1/(2*s2),1-1/s2}},
263       bembedt[3] = {(4.-s2)/8.,(4.-s2)/8.,1/(2.*s2)},
264       binterpt[3][2] =  {{1.0/s2,-1.0/(2.0*s2)},{1.0/s2,-1.0/(2.0*s2)},{1.0-s2,1.0/s2}};
265       ierr = TSARKIMEXRegister(TSARKIMEX2D,2,3,&At[0][0],PETSC_NULL,PETSC_NULL,&A[0][0],PETSC_NULL,PETSC_NULL,bembedt,bembedt,2,binterpt[0],PETSC_NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
266   }
267   {                             /* Optimal for linear implicit part */
268     const PetscReal s2 = PetscSqrtReal((PetscReal)2.0),
269       A[3][3] = {{0,0,0},
270                  {2-s2,0,0},
271                  {(3-2*s2)/6,(3+2*s2)/6,0}},
272       At[3][3] = {{0,0,0},
273                   {1-1/s2,1-1/s2,0},
274                   {1/(2*s2),1/(2*s2),1-1/s2}},
275       bembedt[3] = {(4.-s2)/8.,(4.-s2)/8.,1/(2.*s2)},
276       binterpt[3][2] =  {{1.0/s2,-1.0/(2.0*s2)},{1.0/s2,-1.0/(2.0*s2)},{1.0-s2,1.0/s2}};
277     ierr = TSARKIMEXRegister(TSARKIMEX2E,2,3,&At[0][0],PETSC_NULL,PETSC_NULL,&A[0][0],PETSC_NULL,PETSC_NULL,bembedt,bembedt,2,binterpt[0],PETSC_NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
278   }
279   {                             /* Optimal for linear implicit part */
280     const PetscReal
281       A[3][3] = {{0,0,0},
282                  {0.5,0,0},
283                  {0.5,0.5,0}},
284       At[3][3] = {{0.25,0,0},
285                   {0,0.25,0},
286                   {1./3,1./3,1./3}};
287     ierr = TSARKIMEXRegister(TSARKIMEXPRSSP2,2,3,&At[0][0],PETSC_NULL,PETSC_NULL,&A[0][0],PETSC_NULL,PETSC_NULL,PETSC_NULL,PETSC_NULL,0,PETSC_NULL,PETSC_NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
288   }
289   {
290     const PetscReal
291       A[4][4] = {{0,0,0,0},
292                  {1767732205903./2027836641118.,0,0,0},
293                  {5535828885825./10492691773637.,788022342437./10882634858940.,0,0},
294                  {6485989280629./16251701735622.,-4246266847089./9704473918619.,10755448449292./10357097424841.,0}},
295       At[4][4] = {{0,0,0,0},
296                   {1767732205903./4055673282236.,1767732205903./4055673282236.,0,0},
297                   {2746238789719./10658868560708.,-640167445237./6845629431997.,1767732205903./4055673282236.,0},
298                   {1471266399579./7840856788654.,-4482444167858./7529755066697.,11266239266428./11593286722821.,1767732205903./4055673282236.}},
299       bembedt[4] = {2756255671327./12835298489170.,-10771552573575./22201958757719.,9247589265047./10645013368117.,2193209047091./5459859503100.},
300       binterpt[4][2] = {{4655552711362./22874653954995., -215264564351./13552729205753.},
301                         {-18682724506714./9892148508045.,17870216137069./13817060693119.},
302                         {34259539580243./13192909600954.,-28141676662227./17317692491321.},
303                         {584795268549./6622622206610.,   2508943948391./7218656332882.}};
304     ierr = TSARKIMEXRegister(TSARKIMEX3,3,4,&At[0][0],PETSC_NULL,PETSC_NULL,&A[0][0],PETSC_NULL,PETSC_NULL,bembedt,bembedt,2,binterpt[0],PETSC_NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
305   }
306   {
307     const PetscReal
308       A[5][5] = {{0,0,0,0,0},
309                  {1./2,0,0,0,0},
310                  {11./18,1./18,0,0,0},
311                  {5./6,-5./6,.5,0,0},
312                  {1./4,7./4,3./4,-7./4,0}},
313       At[5][5] = {{0,0,0,0,0},
314                   {0,1./2,0,0,0},
315                   {0,1./6,1./2,0,0},
316                   {0,-1./2,1./2,1./2,0},
317                   {0,3./2,-3./2,1./2,1./2}},
318       *bembedt = PETSC_NULL;
319       ierr = TSARKIMEXRegister(TSARKIMEXARS443,3,5,&At[0][0],PETSC_NULL,PETSC_NULL,&A[0][0],PETSC_NULL,PETSC_NULL,bembedt,bembedt,0,PETSC_NULL,PETSC_NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
320   }
321   {
322     const PetscReal
323       A[5][5] = {{0,0,0,0,0},
324                  {1,0,0,0,0},
325                  {4./9,2./9,0,0,0},
326                  {1./4,0,3./4,0,0},
327                  {1./4,0,3./5,0,0}},
328       At[5][5] = {{0,0,0,0,0},
329                   {.5,.5,0,0,0},
330                   {5./18,-1./9,.5,0,0},
331                   {.5,0,0,.5,0},
332                   {.25,0,.75,-.5,.5}},
333       *bembedt = PETSC_NULL;
334     ierr = TSARKIMEXRegister(TSARKIMEXBPR3,3,5,&At[0][0],PETSC_NULL,PETSC_NULL,&A[0][0],PETSC_NULL,PETSC_NULL,bembedt,bembedt,0,PETSC_NULL,PETSC_NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
335   }
336   {
337     const PetscReal
338       A[6][6] = {{0,0,0,0,0,0},
339                  {1./2,0,0,0,0,0},
340                  {13861./62500.,6889./62500.,0,0,0,0},
341                  {-116923316275./2393684061468.,-2731218467317./15368042101831.,9408046702089./11113171139209.,0,0,0},
342                  {-451086348788./2902428689909.,-2682348792572./7519795681897.,12662868775082./11960479115383.,3355817975965./11060851509271.,0,0},
343                  {647845179188./3216320057751.,73281519250./8382639484533.,552539513391./3454668386233.,3354512671639./8306763924573.,4040./17871.,0}},
344       At[6][6] = {{0,0,0,0,0,0},
345                   {1./4,1./4,0,0,0,0},
346                   {8611./62500.,-1743./31250.,1./4,0,0,0},
347                   {5012029./34652500.,-654441./2922500.,174375./388108.,1./4,0,0},
348                   {15267082809./155376265600.,-71443401./120774400.,730878875./902184768.,2285395./8070912.,1./4,0},
349                   {82889./524892.,0,15625./83664.,69875./102672.,-2260./8211,1./4}},
350       bembedt[6] = {4586570599./29645900160.,0,178811875./945068544.,814220225./1159782912.,-3700637./11593932.,61727./225920.},
351       binterpt[6][3] = {{6943876665148./7220017795957.,-54480133./30881146.,6818779379841./7100303317025.},
352                         {0,0,0},
353                         {7640104374378./9702883013639.,-11436875./14766696.,2173542590792./12501825683035.},
354                         {-20649996744609./7521556579894.,174696575./18121608.,-31592104683404./5083833661969.},
355                         {8854892464581./2390941311638.,-12120380./966161.,61146701046299./7138195549469.},
356                         {-11397109935349./6675773540249.,3843./706.,-17219254887155./4939391667607.}};
357     ierr = TSARKIMEXRegister(TSARKIMEX4,4,6,&At[0][0],PETSC_NULL,PETSC_NULL,&A[0][0],PETSC_NULL,PETSC_NULL,bembedt,bembedt,3,binterpt[0],PETSC_NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
358   }
359   {
360     const PetscReal
361       A[8][8] = {{0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},
362                  {41./100,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},
363                  {367902744464./2072280473677.,677623207551./8224143866563.,0,0,0,0,0,0},
364                  {1268023523408./10340822734521.,0,1029933939417./13636558850479.,0,0,0,0,0},
365                  {14463281900351./6315353703477.,0,66114435211212./5879490589093.,-54053170152839./4284798021562.,0,0,0,0},
366                  {14090043504691./34967701212078.,0,15191511035443./11219624916014.,-18461159152457./12425892160975.,-281667163811./9011619295870.,0,0,0},
367                  {19230459214898./13134317526959.,0,21275331358303./2942455364971.,-38145345988419./4862620318723.,-1./8,-1./8,0,0},
368                  {-19977161125411./11928030595625.,0,-40795976796054./6384907823539.,177454434618887./12078138498510.,782672205425./8267701900261.,-69563011059811./9646580694205.,7356628210526./4942186776405.,0}},
369       At[8][8] = {{0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},
370                   {41./200.,41./200.,0,0,0,0,0,0},
371                   {41./400.,-567603406766./11931857230679.,41./200.,0,0,0,0,0},
372                   {683785636431./9252920307686.,0,-110385047103./1367015193373.,41./200.,0,0,0,0},
373                   {3016520224154./10081342136671.,0,30586259806659./12414158314087.,-22760509404356./11113319521817.,41./200.,0,0,0},
374                   {218866479029./1489978393911.,0,638256894668./5436446318841.,-1179710474555./5321154724896.,-60928119172./8023461067671.,41./200.,0,0},
375                   {1020004230633./5715676835656.,0,25762820946817./25263940353407.,-2161375909145./9755907335909.,-211217309593./5846859502534.,-4269925059573./7827059040749.,41./200,0},
376                   {-872700587467./9133579230613.,0,0,22348218063261./9555858737531.,-1143369518992./8141816002931.,-39379526789629./19018526304540.,32727382324388./42900044865799.,41./200.}},
377       bembedt[8] = {-975461918565./9796059967033.,0,0,78070527104295./32432590147079.,-548382580838./3424219808633.,-33438840321285./15594753105479.,3629800801594./4656183773603.,4035322873751./18575991585200.},
378       binterpt[8][3] = {{-17674230611817./10670229744614. ,  43486358583215./12773830924787. , -9257016797708./5021505065439.},
379                         {0                               ,  0                              , 0                            },
380                         {0                               ,  0                              , 0                            },
381                         {65168852399939./7868540260826.  ,  -91478233927265./11067650958493., 26096422576131./11239449250142.},
382                         {15494834004392./5936557850923.  ,  -79368583304911./10890268929626., 92396832856987./20362823103730.},
383                         {-99329723586156./26959484932159.,  -12239297817655./9152339842473. , 30029262896817./10175596800299.},
384                         {-19024464361622./5461577185407. ,  115839755401235./10719374521269., -26136350496073./3983972220547.},
385                         {-6511271360970./6095937251113.  ,  5843115559534./2180450260947.   , -5289405421727./3760307252460. }};
386     ierr = TSARKIMEXRegister(TSARKIMEX5,5,8,&At[0][0],PETSC_NULL,PETSC_NULL,&A[0][0],PETSC_NULL,PETSC_NULL,bembedt,bembedt,3,binterpt[0],PETSC_NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
387   }
388 
389   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
390 }
391 
392 #undef __FUNCT__
393 #define __FUNCT__ "TSARKIMEXRegisterDestroy"
394 /*@C
395    TSARKIMEXRegisterDestroy - Frees the list of schemes that were registered by TSARKIMEXRegister().
396 
397    Not Collective
398 
399    Level: advanced
400 
401 .keywords: TSARKIMEX, register, destroy
402 .seealso: TSARKIMEXRegister(), TSARKIMEXRegisterAll(), TSARKIMEXRegisterDynamic()
403 @*/
404 PetscErrorCode TSARKIMEXRegisterDestroy(void)
405 {
406   PetscErrorCode ierr;
407   ARKTableauLink link;
408 
409   PetscFunctionBegin;
410   while ((link = ARKTableauList)) {
411     ARKTableau t = &link->tab;
412     ARKTableauList = link->next;
413     ierr = PetscFree6(t->At,t->bt,t->ct,t->A,t->b,t->c);CHKERRQ(ierr);
414     ierr = PetscFree2(t->bembedt,t->bembed);CHKERRQ(ierr);
415     ierr = PetscFree2(t->binterpt,t->binterp);CHKERRQ(ierr);
416     ierr = PetscFree(t->name);CHKERRQ(ierr);
417     ierr = PetscFree(link);CHKERRQ(ierr);
418   }
419   TSARKIMEXRegisterAllCalled = PETSC_FALSE;
420   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
421 }
422 
423 #undef __FUNCT__
424 #define __FUNCT__ "TSARKIMEXInitializePackage"
425 /*@C
426   TSARKIMEXInitializePackage - This function initializes everything in the TSARKIMEX package. It is called
427   from PetscDLLibraryRegister() when using dynamic libraries, and on the first call to TSCreate_ARKIMEX()
428   when using static libraries.
429 
430   Input Parameter:
431   path - The dynamic library path, or PETSC_NULL
432 
433   Level: developer
434 
435 .keywords: TS, TSARKIMEX, initialize, package
436 .seealso: PetscInitialize()
437 @*/
438 PetscErrorCode TSARKIMEXInitializePackage(const char path[])
439 {
440   PetscErrorCode ierr;
441 
442   PetscFunctionBegin;
443   if (TSARKIMEXPackageInitialized) PetscFunctionReturn(0);
444   TSARKIMEXPackageInitialized = PETSC_TRUE;
445   ierr = TSARKIMEXRegisterAll();CHKERRQ(ierr);
446   ierr = PetscRegisterFinalize(TSARKIMEXFinalizePackage);CHKERRQ(ierr);
447   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
448 }
449 
450 #undef __FUNCT__
451 #define __FUNCT__ "TSARKIMEXFinalizePackage"
452 /*@C
453   TSARKIMEXFinalizePackage - This function destroys everything in the TSARKIMEX package. It is
454   called from PetscFinalize().
455 
456   Level: developer
457 
458 .keywords: Petsc, destroy, package
459 .seealso: PetscFinalize()
460 @*/
461 PetscErrorCode TSARKIMEXFinalizePackage(void)
462 {
463   PetscErrorCode ierr;
464 
465   PetscFunctionBegin;
466   TSARKIMEXPackageInitialized = PETSC_FALSE;
467   ierr = TSARKIMEXRegisterDestroy();CHKERRQ(ierr);
468   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
469 }
470 
471 #undef __FUNCT__
472 #define __FUNCT__ "TSARKIMEXRegister"
473 /*@C
474    TSARKIMEXRegister - register an ARK IMEX scheme by providing the entries in the Butcher tableau and optionally embedded approximations and interpolation
475 
476    Not Collective, but the same schemes should be registered on all processes on which they will be used
477 
478    Input Parameters:
479 +  name - identifier for method
480 .  order - approximation order of method
481 .  s - number of stages, this is the dimension of the matrices below
482 .  At - Butcher table of stage coefficients for stiff part (dimension s*s, row-major)
483 .  bt - Butcher table for completing the stiff part of the step (dimension s; PETSC_NULL to use the last row of At)
484 .  ct - Abscissa of each stiff stage (dimension s, PETSC_NULL to use row sums of At)
485 .  A - Non-stiff stage coefficients (dimension s*s, row-major)
486 .  b - Non-stiff step completion table (dimension s; PETSC_NULL to use last row of At)
487 .  c - Non-stiff abscissa (dimension s; PETSC_NULL to use row sums of A)
488 .  bembedt - Stiff part of completion table for embedded method (dimension s; PETSC_NULL if not available)
489 .  bembed - Non-stiff part of completion table for embedded method (dimension s; PETSC_NULL to use bembedt if provided)
490 .  pinterp - Order of the interpolation scheme, equal to the number of columns of binterpt and binterp
491 .  binterpt - Coefficients of the interpolation formula for the stiff part (dimension s*pinterp)
492 -  binterp - Coefficients of the interpolation formula for the non-stiff part (dimension s*pinterp; PETSC_NULL to reuse binterpt)
493 
494    Notes:
495    Several ARK IMEX methods are provided, this function is only needed to create new methods.
496 
497    Level: advanced
498 
499 .keywords: TS, register
500 
501 .seealso: TSARKIMEX
502 @*/
503 PetscErrorCode TSARKIMEXRegister(TSARKIMEXType name,PetscInt order,PetscInt s,
504                                  const PetscReal At[],const PetscReal bt[],const PetscReal ct[],
505                                  const PetscReal A[],const PetscReal b[],const PetscReal c[],
506                                  const PetscReal bembedt[],const PetscReal bembed[],
507                                  PetscInt pinterp,const PetscReal binterpt[],const PetscReal binterp[])
508 {
509   PetscErrorCode ierr;
510   ARKTableauLink link;
511   ARKTableau     t;
512   PetscInt       i,j;
513 
514   PetscFunctionBegin;
515   ierr = PetscMalloc(sizeof(*link),&link);CHKERRQ(ierr);
516   ierr = PetscMemzero(link,sizeof(*link));CHKERRQ(ierr);
517   t = &link->tab;
518   ierr = PetscStrallocpy(name,&t->name);CHKERRQ(ierr);
519   t->order = order;
520   t->s = s;
521   ierr = PetscMalloc6(s*s,PetscReal,&t->At,s,PetscReal,&t->bt,s,PetscReal,&t->ct,s*s,PetscReal,&t->A,s,PetscReal,&t->b,s,PetscReal,&t->c);CHKERRQ(ierr);
522   ierr = PetscMemcpy(t->At,At,s*s*sizeof(At[0]));CHKERRQ(ierr);
523   ierr = PetscMemcpy(t->A,A,s*s*sizeof(A[0]));CHKERRQ(ierr);
524   if (bt) {ierr = PetscMemcpy(t->bt,bt,s*sizeof(bt[0]));CHKERRQ(ierr);}
525   else for (i=0; i<s; i++) t->bt[i] = At[(s-1)*s+i];
526   if (b) {ierr = PetscMemcpy(t->b,b,s*sizeof(b[0]));CHKERRQ(ierr);}
527   else for (i=0; i<s; i++) t->b[i] = At[(s-1)*s+i];
528   if (ct) {ierr = PetscMemcpy(t->ct,ct,s*sizeof(ct[0]));CHKERRQ(ierr);}
529   else for (i=0; i<s; i++) for (j=0,t->ct[i]=0; j<s; j++) t->ct[i] += At[i*s+j];
530   if (c) {ierr = PetscMemcpy(t->c,c,s*sizeof(c[0]));CHKERRQ(ierr);}
531   else for (i=0; i<s; i++) for (j=0,t->c[i]=0; j<s; j++) t->c[i] += A[i*s+j];
532   if (bembedt) {
533     ierr = PetscMalloc2(s,PetscReal,&t->bembedt,s,PetscReal,&t->bembed);CHKERRQ(ierr);
534     ierr = PetscMemcpy(t->bembedt,bembedt,s*sizeof(bembedt[0]));CHKERRQ(ierr);
535     ierr = PetscMemcpy(t->bembed,bembed?bembed:bembedt,s*sizeof(bembed[0]));CHKERRQ(ierr);
536   }
537 
538   t->pinterp = pinterp;
539   ierr = PetscMalloc2(s*pinterp,PetscReal,&t->binterpt,s*pinterp,PetscReal,&t->binterp);CHKERRQ(ierr);
540   ierr = PetscMemcpy(t->binterpt,binterpt,s*pinterp*sizeof(binterpt[0]));CHKERRQ(ierr);
541   ierr = PetscMemcpy(t->binterp,binterp?binterp:binterpt,s*pinterp*sizeof(binterpt[0]));CHKERRQ(ierr);
542   link->next = ARKTableauList;
543   ARKTableauList = link;
544   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
545 }
546 
547 #undef __FUNCT__
548 #define __FUNCT__ "TSEvaluateStep_ARKIMEX"
549 /*
550  The step completion formula is
551 
552  x1 = x0 - h bt^T YdotI + h b^T YdotRHS
553 
554  This function can be called before or after ts->vec_sol has been updated.
555  Suppose we have a completion formula (bt,b) and an embedded formula (bet,be) of different order.
556  We can write
557 
558  x1e = x0 - h bet^T YdotI + h be^T YdotRHS
559      = x1 + h bt^T YdotI - h b^T YdotRHS - h bet^T YdotI + h be^T YdotRHS
560      = x1 - h (bet - bt)^T YdotI + h (be - b)^T YdotRHS
561 
562  so we can evaluate the method with different order even after the step has been optimistically completed.
563 */
564 static PetscErrorCode TSEvaluateStep_ARKIMEX(TS ts,PetscInt order,Vec X,PetscBool *done)
565 {
566   TS_ARKIMEX     *ark = (TS_ARKIMEX*)ts->data;
567   ARKTableau     tab  = ark->tableau;
568   PetscScalar    *w = ark->work;
569   PetscReal      h;
570   PetscInt       s = tab->s,j;
571   PetscErrorCode ierr;
572 
573   PetscFunctionBegin;
574   switch (ark->status) {
575   case TS_STEP_INCOMPLETE:
576   case TS_STEP_PENDING:
577     h = ts->time_step; break;
578   case TS_STEP_COMPLETE:
579     h = ts->time_step_prev; break;
580   default: SETERRQ(((PetscObject)ts)->comm,PETSC_ERR_PLIB,"Invalid TSStepStatus");
581   }
582   if (order == tab->order) {
583     if (ark->status == TS_STEP_INCOMPLETE) { /* Use the standard completion formula (bt,b) */
584       ierr = VecCopy(ts->vec_sol,X);CHKERRQ(ierr);
585       for (j=0; j<s; j++) w[j] = -h*tab->bt[j];
586       ierr = VecMAXPY(X,s,w,ark->YdotI);CHKERRQ(ierr);
587       for (j=0; j<s; j++) w[j] = h*tab->b[j];
588       ierr = VecMAXPY(X,s,w,ark->YdotRHS);CHKERRQ(ierr);
589     } else {ierr = VecCopy(ts->vec_sol,X);CHKERRQ(ierr);}
590     if (done) *done = PETSC_TRUE;
591     PetscFunctionReturn(0);
592   } else if (order == tab->order-1) {
593     if (!tab->bembedt) goto unavailable;
594     if (ark->status == TS_STEP_INCOMPLETE) { /* Complete with the embedded method (bet,be) */
595       ierr = VecCopy(ts->vec_sol,X);CHKERRQ(ierr);
596       for (j=0; j<s; j++) w[j] = -h*tab->bembedt[j];
597       ierr = VecMAXPY(X,s,w,ark->YdotI);CHKERRQ(ierr);
598       for (j=0; j<s; j++) w[j] = h*tab->bembed[j];
599       ierr = VecMAXPY(X,s,w,ark->YdotRHS);CHKERRQ(ierr);
600     } else {                    /* Rollback and re-complete using (bet-be,be-b) */
601       ierr = VecCopy(ts->vec_sol,X);CHKERRQ(ierr);
602       for (j=0; j<s; j++) w[j] = -h*(tab->bembedt[j] - tab->bt[j]);
603       ierr = VecMAXPY(X,tab->s,w,ark->YdotI);CHKERRQ(ierr);
604       for (j=0; j<s; j++) w[j] = h*(tab->bembed[j] - tab->b[j]);
605       ierr = VecMAXPY(X,s,w,ark->YdotRHS);CHKERRQ(ierr);
606     }
607     if (done) *done = PETSC_TRUE;
608     PetscFunctionReturn(0);
609   }
610   unavailable:
611   if (done) *done = PETSC_FALSE;
612   else SETERRQ3(((PetscObject)ts)->comm,PETSC_ERR_SUP,"ARKIMEX '%s' of order %D cannot evaluate step at order %D",tab->name,tab->order,order);
613   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
614 }
615 
616 #undef __FUNCT__
617 #define __FUNCT__ "TSStep_ARKIMEX"
618 static PetscErrorCode TSStep_ARKIMEX(TS ts)
619 {
620   TS_ARKIMEX          *ark = (TS_ARKIMEX*)ts->data;
621   ARKTableau          tab  = ark->tableau;
622   const PetscInt      s    = tab->s;
623   const PetscReal     *At  = tab->At,*A = tab->A,*bt = tab->bt,*b = tab->b,*ct = tab->ct,*c = tab->c;
624   PetscScalar         *w   = ark->work;
625   Vec                 *Y   = ark->Y,*YdotI = ark->YdotI,*YdotRHS = ark->YdotRHS,Ydot = ark->Ydot,W = ark->Work,Z = ark->Z;
626   TSAdapt             adapt;
627   SNES                snes;
628   PetscInt            i,j,its,lits,reject,next_scheme;
629   PetscReal           next_time_step;
630   PetscReal           t;
631   PetscBool           accept;
632   PetscErrorCode      ierr;
633 
634   PetscFunctionBegin;
635   ierr = TSGetSNES(ts,&snes);CHKERRQ(ierr);
636   next_time_step = ts->time_step;
637   t = ts->ptime;
638   accept = PETSC_TRUE;
639   ark->status = TS_STEP_INCOMPLETE;
640 
641   for (reject=0; reject<ts->max_reject && !ts->reason; reject++,ts->reject++) {
642     PetscReal h = ts->time_step;
643     ierr = TSPreStep(ts);CHKERRQ(ierr);
644     for (i=0; i<s; i++) {
645       if (At[i*s+i] == 0) {           /* This stage is explicit */
646         ierr = VecCopy(ts->vec_sol,Y[i]);CHKERRQ(ierr);
647         for (j=0; j<i; j++) w[j] = -h*At[i*s+j];
648         ierr = VecMAXPY(Y[i],i,w,YdotI);CHKERRQ(ierr);
649         for (j=0; j<i; j++) w[j] = h*A[i*s+j];
650         ierr = VecMAXPY(Y[i],i,w,YdotRHS);CHKERRQ(ierr);
651       } else {
652         ark->stage_time = t + h*ct[i];
653         ark->scoeff = 1./At[i*s+i];
654         ierr = TSPreStage(ts,ark->stage_time);CHKERRQ(ierr);
655         /* Affine part */
656         ierr = VecZeroEntries(W);CHKERRQ(ierr);
657         for (j=0; j<i; j++) w[j] = h*A[i*s+j];
658         ierr = VecMAXPY(W,i,w,YdotRHS);CHKERRQ(ierr);
659         ierr = VecScale(W, ark->scoeff/h);CHKERRQ(ierr);
660 
661         /* Ydot = shift*(Y-Z) */
662         ierr = VecCopy(ts->vec_sol,Z);CHKERRQ(ierr);
663         for (j=0; j<i; j++) w[j] = -h*At[i*s+j];
664         ierr = VecMAXPY(Z,i,w,YdotI);CHKERRQ(ierr);
665 
666         /* Initial guess taken from last stage */
667         ierr = VecCopy(i>0?Y[i-1]:ts->vec_sol,Y[i]);CHKERRQ(ierr);
668         ierr = SNESSolve(snes,W,Y[i]);CHKERRQ(ierr);
669         ierr = SNESGetIterationNumber(snes,&its);CHKERRQ(ierr);
670         ierr = SNESGetLinearSolveIterations(snes,&lits);CHKERRQ(ierr);
671         ts->snes_its += its; ts->ksp_its += lits;
672         ierr = TSGetTSAdapt(ts,&adapt);CHKERRQ(ierr);
673         ierr = TSAdaptCheckStage(adapt,ts,&accept);CHKERRQ(ierr);
674         if (!accept) goto reject_step;
675       }
676       ierr = VecZeroEntries(Ydot);CHKERRQ(ierr);
677       ierr = TSComputeIFunction(ts,t+h*ct[i],Y[i],Ydot,YdotI[i],ark->imex);CHKERRQ(ierr);
678       if (ark->imex) {
679         ierr = TSComputeRHSFunction(ts,t+h*c[i],Y[i],YdotRHS[i]);CHKERRQ(ierr);
680       } else {
681         ierr = VecZeroEntries(YdotRHS[i]);CHKERRQ(ierr);
682       }
683     }
684     ierr = TSEvaluateStep(ts,tab->order,ts->vec_sol,PETSC_NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
685     ark->status = TS_STEP_PENDING;
686 
687     /* Register only the current method as a candidate because we're not supporting multiple candidates yet. */
688     ierr = TSGetTSAdapt(ts,&adapt);CHKERRQ(ierr);
689     ierr = TSAdaptCandidatesClear(adapt);CHKERRQ(ierr);
690     ierr = TSAdaptCandidateAdd(adapt,tab->name,tab->order,1,tab->ccfl,1.*tab->s,PETSC_TRUE);CHKERRQ(ierr);
691     ierr = TSAdaptChoose(adapt,ts,ts->time_step,&next_scheme,&next_time_step,&accept);CHKERRQ(ierr);
692     if (accept) {
693       /* ignore next_scheme for now */
694       ts->ptime += ts->time_step;
695       ts->time_step = next_time_step;
696       ts->steps++;
697       ark->status = TS_STEP_COMPLETE;
698       break;
699     } else {                    /* Roll back the current step */
700       for (j=0; j<s; j++) w[j] = h*bt[j];
701       ierr = VecMAXPY(ts->vec_sol,s,w,ark->YdotI);CHKERRQ(ierr);
702       for (j=0; j<s; j++) w[j] = -h*b[j];
703       ierr = VecMAXPY(ts->vec_sol,s,w,ark->YdotRHS);CHKERRQ(ierr);
704       ts->time_step = next_time_step;
705       ark->status = TS_STEP_INCOMPLETE;
706     }
707     reject_step: continue;
708   }
709   if (ark->status != TS_STEP_COMPLETE && !ts->reason) ts->reason = TS_DIVERGED_STEP_REJECTED;
710   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
711 }
712 
713 #undef __FUNCT__
714 #define __FUNCT__ "TSInterpolate_ARKIMEX"
715 static PetscErrorCode TSInterpolate_ARKIMEX(TS ts,PetscReal itime,Vec X)
716 {
717   TS_ARKIMEX      *ark = (TS_ARKIMEX*)ts->data;
718   PetscInt        s = ark->tableau->s,pinterp = ark->tableau->pinterp,i,j;
719   PetscReal       h;
720   PetscReal       tt,t;
721   PetscScalar     *bt,*b;
722   const PetscReal *Bt = ark->tableau->binterpt,*B = ark->tableau->binterp;
723   PetscErrorCode  ierr;
724 
725   PetscFunctionBegin;
726   if (!Bt || !B) SETERRQ1(((PetscObject)ts)->comm,PETSC_ERR_SUP,"TSARKIMEX %s does not have an interpolation formula",ark->tableau->name);
727   switch (ark->status) {
728   case TS_STEP_INCOMPLETE:
729   case TS_STEP_PENDING:
730     h = ts->time_step;
731     t = (itime - ts->ptime)/h;
732     break;
733   case TS_STEP_COMPLETE:
734     h = ts->time_step_prev;
735     t = (itime - ts->ptime)/h + 1; /* In the interval [0,1] */
736     break;
737   default: SETERRQ(((PetscObject)ts)->comm,PETSC_ERR_PLIB,"Invalid TSStepStatus");
738   }
739   ierr = PetscMalloc2(s,PetscScalar,&bt,s,PetscScalar,&b);CHKERRQ(ierr);
740   for (i=0; i<s; i++) bt[i] = b[i] = 0;
741   for (j=0,tt=t; j<pinterp; j++,tt*=t) {
742     for (i=0; i<s; i++) {
743       bt[i] += h * Bt[i*pinterp+j] * tt * -1.0;
744       b[i]  += h * B[i*pinterp+j] * tt;
745     }
746   }
747   if (ark->tableau->At[0*s+0] != 0.0) SETERRQ(((PetscObject)ts)->comm,PETSC_ERR_SUP,"First stage not explicit so starting stage not saved");
748   ierr = VecCopy(ark->Y[0],X);CHKERRQ(ierr);
749   ierr = VecMAXPY(X,s,bt,ark->YdotI);CHKERRQ(ierr);
750   ierr = VecMAXPY(X,s,b,ark->YdotRHS);CHKERRQ(ierr);
751   ierr = PetscFree2(bt,b);CHKERRQ(ierr);
752   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
753 }
754 
755 /*------------------------------------------------------------*/
756 #undef __FUNCT__
757 #define __FUNCT__ "TSReset_ARKIMEX"
758 static PetscErrorCode TSReset_ARKIMEX(TS ts)
759 {
760   TS_ARKIMEX      *ark = (TS_ARKIMEX*)ts->data;
761   PetscInt        s;
762   PetscErrorCode  ierr;
763 
764   PetscFunctionBegin;
765   if (!ark->tableau) PetscFunctionReturn(0);
766   s = ark->tableau->s;
767   ierr = VecDestroyVecs(s,&ark->Y);CHKERRQ(ierr);
768   ierr = VecDestroyVecs(s,&ark->YdotI);CHKERRQ(ierr);
769   ierr = VecDestroyVecs(s,&ark->YdotRHS);CHKERRQ(ierr);
770   ierr = VecDestroy(&ark->Ydot);CHKERRQ(ierr);
771   ierr = VecDestroy(&ark->Work);CHKERRQ(ierr);
772   ierr = VecDestroy(&ark->Z);CHKERRQ(ierr);
773   ierr = PetscFree(ark->work);CHKERRQ(ierr);
774   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
775 }
776 
777 #undef __FUNCT__
778 #define __FUNCT__ "TSDestroy_ARKIMEX"
779 static PetscErrorCode TSDestroy_ARKIMEX(TS ts)
780 {
781   PetscErrorCode  ierr;
782 
783   PetscFunctionBegin;
784   ierr = TSReset_ARKIMEX(ts);CHKERRQ(ierr);
785   ierr = PetscFree(ts->data);CHKERRQ(ierr);
786   ierr = PetscObjectComposeFunctionDynamic((PetscObject)ts,"TSARKIMEXGetType_C","",PETSC_NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
787   ierr = PetscObjectComposeFunctionDynamic((PetscObject)ts,"TSARKIMEXSetType_C","",PETSC_NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
788   ierr = PetscObjectComposeFunctionDynamic((PetscObject)ts,"TSARKIMEXSetFullyImplicit_C","",PETSC_NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
789   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
790 }
791 
792 
793 #undef __FUNCT__
794 #define __FUNCT__ "TSARKIMEXGetVecs"
795 static PetscErrorCode TSARKIMEXGetVecs(TS ts,DM dm,Vec *Z,Vec *Ydot)
796 {
797   TS_ARKIMEX     *ax = (TS_ARKIMEX*)ts->data;
798   PetscErrorCode ierr;
799 
800   PetscFunctionBegin;
801   if (Z) {
802     if (dm && dm != ts->dm) {
803       ierr = DMGetNamedGlobalVector(dm,"TSARKIMEX_Z",Z);CHKERRQ(ierr);
804     } else *Z = ax->Z;
805   }
806   if (Ydot) {
807     if (dm && dm != ts->dm) {
808       ierr = DMGetNamedGlobalVector(dm,"TSARKIMEX_Ydot",Ydot);CHKERRQ(ierr);
809     } else *Ydot = ax->Ydot;
810   }
811   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
812 }
813 
814 
815 #undef __FUNCT__
816 #define __FUNCT__ "TSARKIMEXRestoreVecs"
817 static PetscErrorCode TSARKIMEXRestoreVecs(TS ts,DM dm,Vec *Z,Vec *Ydot)
818 {
819   PetscErrorCode ierr;
820 
821   PetscFunctionBegin;
822   if (Z) {
823     if (dm && dm != ts->dm) {
824       ierr = DMRestoreNamedGlobalVector(dm,"TSARKIMEX_Z",Z);CHKERRQ(ierr);
825     }
826   }
827   if (Ydot) {
828     if (dm && dm != ts->dm) {
829       ierr = DMRestoreNamedGlobalVector(dm,"TSARKIMEX_Ydot",Ydot);CHKERRQ(ierr);
830     }
831   }
832   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
833 }
834 
835 /*
836   This defines the nonlinear equation that is to be solved with SNES
837   G(U) = F[t0+Theta*dt, U, (U-U0)*shift] = 0
838 */
839 #undef __FUNCT__
840 #define __FUNCT__ "SNESTSFormFunction_ARKIMEX"
841 static PetscErrorCode SNESTSFormFunction_ARKIMEX(SNES snes,Vec X,Vec F,TS ts)
842 {
843   TS_ARKIMEX     *ark = (TS_ARKIMEX*)ts->data;
844   DM             dm,dmsave;
845   Vec            Z,Ydot;
846   PetscReal      shift = ark->scoeff / ts->time_step;
847   PetscErrorCode ierr;
848 
849   PetscFunctionBegin;
850   ierr = SNESGetDM(snes,&dm);CHKERRQ(ierr);
851   ierr = TSARKIMEXGetVecs(ts,dm,&Z,&Ydot);CHKERRQ(ierr);
852   ierr = VecAXPBYPCZ(Ydot,-shift,shift,0,Z,X);CHKERRQ(ierr); /* Ydot = shift*(X-Z) */
853   dmsave = ts->dm;
854   ts->dm = dm;
855   ierr = TSComputeIFunction(ts,ark->stage_time,X,Ydot,F,ark->imex);CHKERRQ(ierr);
856   ts->dm = dmsave;
857   ierr = TSARKIMEXRestoreVecs(ts,dm,&Z,&Ydot);CHKERRQ(ierr);
858   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
859 }
860 
861 #undef __FUNCT__
862 #define __FUNCT__ "SNESTSFormJacobian_ARKIMEX"
863 static PetscErrorCode SNESTSFormJacobian_ARKIMEX(SNES snes,Vec X,Mat *A,Mat *B,MatStructure *str,TS ts)
864 {
865   TS_ARKIMEX     *ark = (TS_ARKIMEX*)ts->data;
866   DM             dm,dmsave;
867   Vec            Ydot;
868   PetscReal      shift = ark->scoeff / ts->time_step;
869   PetscErrorCode ierr;
870 
871   PetscFunctionBegin;
872   ierr = SNESGetDM(snes,&dm);CHKERRQ(ierr);
873   ierr = TSARKIMEXGetVecs(ts,dm,PETSC_NULL,&Ydot);CHKERRQ(ierr);
874   /* ark->Ydot has already been computed in SNESTSFormFunction_ARKIMEX (SNES guarantees this) */
875   dmsave = ts->dm;
876   ts->dm = dm;
877   ierr = TSComputeIJacobian(ts,ark->stage_time,X,Ydot,shift,A,B,str,ark->imex);CHKERRQ(ierr);
878   ts->dm = dmsave;
879   ierr = TSARKIMEXRestoreVecs(ts,dm,PETSC_NULL,&Ydot);CHKERRQ(ierr);
880   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
881 }
882 
883 #undef __FUNCT__
884 #define __FUNCT__ "DMCoarsenHook_TSARKIMEX"
885 static PetscErrorCode DMCoarsenHook_TSARKIMEX(DM fine,DM coarse,void *ctx)
886 {
887 
888   PetscFunctionBegin;
889   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
890 }
891 
892 #undef __FUNCT__
893 #define __FUNCT__ "DMRestrictHook_TSARKIMEX"
894 static PetscErrorCode DMRestrictHook_TSARKIMEX(DM fine,Mat restrct,Vec rscale,Mat inject,DM coarse,void *ctx)
895 {
896   TS             ts = (TS)ctx;
897   PetscErrorCode ierr;
898   Vec            Z,Z_c;
899 
900   PetscFunctionBegin;
901   ierr = TSARKIMEXGetVecs(ts,fine,&Z,PETSC_NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
902   ierr = TSARKIMEXGetVecs(ts,coarse,&Z_c,PETSC_NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
903   ierr = MatRestrict(restrct,Z,Z_c);CHKERRQ(ierr);
904   ierr = VecPointwiseMult(Z_c,rscale,Z_c);CHKERRQ(ierr);
905   ierr = TSARKIMEXRestoreVecs(ts,fine,&Z,PETSC_NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
906   ierr = TSARKIMEXRestoreVecs(ts,coarse,&Z_c,PETSC_NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
907   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
908 }
909 
910 #undef __FUNCT__
911 #define __FUNCT__ "TSSetUp_ARKIMEX"
912 static PetscErrorCode TSSetUp_ARKIMEX(TS ts)
913 {
914   TS_ARKIMEX     *ark = (TS_ARKIMEX*)ts->data;
915   ARKTableau     tab;
916   PetscInt       s;
917   PetscErrorCode ierr;
918   DM             dm;
919 
920   PetscFunctionBegin;
921   if (!ark->tableau) {
922     ierr = TSARKIMEXSetType(ts,TSARKIMEXDefault);CHKERRQ(ierr);
923   }
924   tab  = ark->tableau;
925   s    = tab->s;
926   ierr = VecDuplicateVecs(ts->vec_sol,s,&ark->Y);CHKERRQ(ierr);
927   ierr = VecDuplicateVecs(ts->vec_sol,s,&ark->YdotI);CHKERRQ(ierr);
928   ierr = VecDuplicateVecs(ts->vec_sol,s,&ark->YdotRHS);CHKERRQ(ierr);
929   ierr = VecDuplicate(ts->vec_sol,&ark->Ydot);CHKERRQ(ierr);
930   ierr = VecDuplicate(ts->vec_sol,&ark->Work);CHKERRQ(ierr);
931   ierr = VecDuplicate(ts->vec_sol,&ark->Z);CHKERRQ(ierr);
932   ierr = PetscMalloc(s*sizeof(ark->work[0]),&ark->work);CHKERRQ(ierr);
933   ierr = TSGetDM(ts,&dm);CHKERRQ(ierr);
934   if (dm) {
935     ierr = DMCoarsenHookAdd(dm,DMCoarsenHook_TSARKIMEX,DMRestrictHook_TSARKIMEX,ts);CHKERRQ(ierr);
936   }
937   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
938 }
939 /*------------------------------------------------------------*/
940 
941 #undef __FUNCT__
942 #define __FUNCT__ "TSSetFromOptions_ARKIMEX"
943 static PetscErrorCode TSSetFromOptions_ARKIMEX(TS ts)
944 {
945   TS_ARKIMEX     *ark = (TS_ARKIMEX*)ts->data;
946   PetscErrorCode ierr;
947   char           arktype[256];
948 
949   PetscFunctionBegin;
950   ierr = PetscOptionsHead("ARKIMEX ODE solver options");CHKERRQ(ierr);
951   {
952     ARKTableauLink link;
953     PetscInt       count,choice;
954     PetscBool      flg;
955     const char     **namelist;
956     ierr = PetscStrncpy(arktype,TSARKIMEXDefault,sizeof(arktype));CHKERRQ(ierr);
957     for (link=ARKTableauList,count=0; link; link=link->next,count++) ;
958     ierr = PetscMalloc(count*sizeof(char*),&namelist);CHKERRQ(ierr);
959     for (link=ARKTableauList,count=0; link; link=link->next,count++) namelist[count] = link->tab.name;
960     ierr = PetscOptionsEList("-ts_arkimex_type","Family of ARK IMEX method","TSARKIMEXSetType",(const char*const*)namelist,count,arktype,&choice,&flg);CHKERRQ(ierr);
961     ierr = TSARKIMEXSetType(ts,flg ? namelist[choice] : arktype);CHKERRQ(ierr);
962     ierr = PetscFree(namelist);CHKERRQ(ierr);
963     flg = (PetscBool)!ark->imex;
964     ierr = PetscOptionsBool("-ts_arkimex_fully_implicit","Solve the problem fully implicitly","TSARKIMEXSetFullyImplicit",flg,&flg,PETSC_NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
965     ark->imex = (PetscBool)!flg;
966     ierr = SNESSetFromOptions(ts->snes);CHKERRQ(ierr);
967   }
968   ierr = PetscOptionsTail();CHKERRQ(ierr);
969   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
970 }
971 
972 #undef __FUNCT__
973 #define __FUNCT__ "PetscFormatRealArray"
974 static PetscErrorCode PetscFormatRealArray(char buf[],size_t len,const char *fmt,PetscInt n,const PetscReal x[])
975 {
976   PetscErrorCode ierr;
977   PetscInt       i;
978   size_t         left,count;
979   char           *p;
980 
981   PetscFunctionBegin;
982   for (i=0,p=buf,left=len; i<n; i++) {
983     ierr = PetscSNPrintfCount(p,left,fmt,&count,x[i]);CHKERRQ(ierr);
984     if (count >= left) SETERRQ(PETSC_COMM_SELF,PETSC_ERR_ARG_OUTOFRANGE,"Insufficient space in buffer");
985     left -= count;
986     p += count;
987     *p++ = ' ';
988   }
989   p[i ? 0 : -1] = 0;
990   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
991 }
992 
993 #undef __FUNCT__
994 #define __FUNCT__ "TSView_ARKIMEX"
995 static PetscErrorCode TSView_ARKIMEX(TS ts,PetscViewer viewer)
996 {
997   TS_ARKIMEX     *ark = (TS_ARKIMEX*)ts->data;
998   ARKTableau     tab = ark->tableau;
999   PetscBool      iascii;
1000   PetscErrorCode ierr;
1001   TSAdapt        adapt;
1002 
1003   PetscFunctionBegin;
1004   ierr = PetscObjectTypeCompare((PetscObject)viewer,PETSCVIEWERASCII,&iascii);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1005   if (iascii) {
1006     TSARKIMEXType arktype;
1007     char buf[512];
1008     ierr = TSARKIMEXGetType(ts,&arktype);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1009     ierr = PetscViewerASCIIPrintf(viewer,"  ARK IMEX %s\n",arktype);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1010     ierr = PetscFormatRealArray(buf,sizeof(buf),"% 8.6f",tab->s,tab->ct);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1011     ierr = PetscViewerASCIIPrintf(viewer,"  Stiff abscissa       ct = %s\n",buf);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1012     ierr = PetscFormatRealArray(buf,sizeof(buf),"% 8.6f",tab->s,tab->c);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1013     ierr = PetscViewerASCIIPrintf(viewer,"  Nonstiff abscissa     c = %s\n",buf);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1014   }
1015   ierr = TSGetTSAdapt(ts,&adapt);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1016   ierr = TSAdaptView(adapt,viewer);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1017   ierr = SNESView(ts->snes,viewer);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1018   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
1019 }
1020 
1021 #undef __FUNCT__
1022 #define __FUNCT__ "TSLoad_ARKIMEX"
1023 static PetscErrorCode TSLoad_ARKIMEX(TS ts,PetscViewer viewer)
1024 {
1025   PetscErrorCode ierr;
1026   SNES           snes;
1027   TSAdapt        tsadapt;
1028 
1029   PetscFunctionBegin;
1030   ierr = TSGetTSAdapt(ts,&tsadapt);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1031   ierr = TSAdaptLoad(tsadapt,viewer);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1032   ierr = TSGetSNES(ts,&snes);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1033   ierr = SNESLoad(snes,viewer);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1034   /* function and Jacobian context for SNES when used with TS is always ts object */
1035   ierr = SNESSetFunction(snes,PETSC_NULL,PETSC_NULL,ts);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1036   ierr = SNESSetJacobian(snes,PETSC_NULL,PETSC_NULL,PETSC_NULL,ts);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1037   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
1038 }
1039 
1040 #undef __FUNCT__
1041 #define __FUNCT__ "TSARKIMEXSetType"
1042 /*@C
1043   TSARKIMEXSetType - Set the type of ARK IMEX scheme
1044 
1045   Logically collective
1046 
1047   Input Parameter:
1048 +  ts - timestepping context
1049 -  arktype - type of ARK-IMEX scheme
1050 
1051   Level: intermediate
1052 
1053 .seealso: TSARKIMEXGetType(), TSARKIMEX, TSARKIMEX2D, TSARKIMEX2E, TSARKIMEXPRSSP2, TSARKIMEX3, TSARKIMEXBPR3, TSARKIMEXARS443, TSARKIMEX4, TSARKIMEX5
1054 @*/
1055 PetscErrorCode TSARKIMEXSetType(TS ts,TSARKIMEXType arktype)
1056 {
1057   PetscErrorCode ierr;
1058 
1059   PetscFunctionBegin;
1060   PetscValidHeaderSpecific(ts,TS_CLASSID,1);
1061   ierr = PetscTryMethod(ts,"TSARKIMEXSetType_C",(TS,TSARKIMEXType),(ts,arktype));CHKERRQ(ierr);
1062   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
1063 }
1064 
1065 #undef __FUNCT__
1066 #define __FUNCT__ "TSARKIMEXGetType"
1067 /*@C
1068   TSARKIMEXGetType - Get the type of ARK IMEX scheme
1069 
1070   Logically collective
1071 
1072   Input Parameter:
1073 .  ts - timestepping context
1074 
1075   Output Parameter:
1076 .  arktype - type of ARK-IMEX scheme
1077 
1078   Level: intermediate
1079 
1080 .seealso: TSARKIMEXGetType()
1081 @*/
1082 PetscErrorCode TSARKIMEXGetType(TS ts,TSARKIMEXType *arktype)
1083 {
1084   PetscErrorCode ierr;
1085 
1086   PetscFunctionBegin;
1087   PetscValidHeaderSpecific(ts,TS_CLASSID,1);
1088   ierr = PetscUseMethod(ts,"TSARKIMEXGetType_C",(TS,TSARKIMEXType*),(ts,arktype));CHKERRQ(ierr);
1089   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
1090 }
1091 
1092 #undef __FUNCT__
1093 #define __FUNCT__ "TSARKIMEXSetFullyImplicit"
1094 /*@C
1095   TSARKIMEXSetFullyImplicit - Solve both parts of the equation implicitly
1096 
1097   Logically collective
1098 
1099   Input Parameter:
1100 +  ts - timestepping context
1101 -  flg - PETSC_TRUE for fully implicit
1102 
1103   Level: intermediate
1104 
1105 .seealso: TSARKIMEXGetType()
1106 @*/
1107 PetscErrorCode TSARKIMEXSetFullyImplicit(TS ts,PetscBool flg)
1108 {
1109   PetscErrorCode ierr;
1110 
1111   PetscFunctionBegin;
1112   PetscValidHeaderSpecific(ts,TS_CLASSID,1);
1113   ierr = PetscTryMethod(ts,"TSARKIMEXSetFullyImplicit_C",(TS,PetscBool),(ts,flg));CHKERRQ(ierr);
1114   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
1115 }
1116 
1117 EXTERN_C_BEGIN
1118 #undef __FUNCT__
1119 #define __FUNCT__ "TSARKIMEXGetType_ARKIMEX"
1120 PetscErrorCode  TSARKIMEXGetType_ARKIMEX(TS ts,TSARKIMEXType *arktype)
1121 {
1122   TS_ARKIMEX *ark = (TS_ARKIMEX*)ts->data;
1123   PetscErrorCode ierr;
1124 
1125   PetscFunctionBegin;
1126   if (!ark->tableau) {
1127     ierr = TSARKIMEXSetType(ts,TSARKIMEXDefault);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1128   }
1129   *arktype = ark->tableau->name;
1130   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
1131 }
1132 #undef __FUNCT__
1133 #define __FUNCT__ "TSARKIMEXSetType_ARKIMEX"
1134 PetscErrorCode  TSARKIMEXSetType_ARKIMEX(TS ts,TSARKIMEXType arktype)
1135 {
1136   TS_ARKIMEX *ark = (TS_ARKIMEX*)ts->data;
1137   PetscErrorCode ierr;
1138   PetscBool match;
1139   ARKTableauLink link;
1140 
1141   PetscFunctionBegin;
1142   if (ark->tableau) {
1143     ierr = PetscStrcmp(ark->tableau->name,arktype,&match);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1144     if (match) PetscFunctionReturn(0);
1145   }
1146   for (link = ARKTableauList; link; link=link->next) {
1147     ierr = PetscStrcmp(link->tab.name,arktype,&match);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1148     if (match) {
1149       ierr = TSReset_ARKIMEX(ts);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1150       ark->tableau = &link->tab;
1151       PetscFunctionReturn(0);
1152     }
1153   }
1154   SETERRQ1(((PetscObject)ts)->comm,PETSC_ERR_ARG_UNKNOWN_TYPE,"Could not find '%s'",arktype);
1155   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
1156 }
1157 #undef __FUNCT__
1158 #define __FUNCT__ "TSARKIMEXSetFullyImplicit_ARKIMEX"
1159 PetscErrorCode  TSARKIMEXSetFullyImplicit_ARKIMEX(TS ts,PetscBool flg)
1160 {
1161   TS_ARKIMEX *ark = (TS_ARKIMEX*)ts->data;
1162 
1163   PetscFunctionBegin;
1164   ark->imex = (PetscBool)!flg;
1165   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
1166 }
1167 EXTERN_C_END
1168 
1169 /* ------------------------------------------------------------ */
1170 /*MC
1171       TSARKIMEX - ODE and DAE solver using Additive Runge-Kutta IMEX schemes
1172 
1173   These methods are intended for problems with well-separated time scales, especially when a slow scale is strongly
1174   nonlinear such that it is expensive to solve with a fully implicit method. The user should provide the stiff part
1175   of the equation using TSSetIFunction() and the non-stiff part with TSSetRHSFunction().
1176 
1177   Notes:
1178   The default is TSARKIMEX3, it can be changed with TSARKIMEXSetType() or -ts_arkimex_type
1179 
1180   Methods with an explicit stage can only be used with ODE in which the stiff part G(t,X,Xdot) has the form Xdot + Ghat(t,X).
1181 
1182   Level: beginner
1183 
1184 .seealso:  TSCreate(), TS, TSSetType(), TSARKIMEXSetType(), TSARKIMEXGetType(), TSARKIMEXSetFullyImplicit(), TSARKIMEX2D, TTSARKIMEX2E, TSARKIMEX3,
1185            TSARKIMEX4, TSARKIMEX5, TSARKIMEXPRSSP2, TSARKIMEXBPR3, TSARKIMEXType, TSARKIMEXRegister()
1186 
1187 M*/
1188 EXTERN_C_BEGIN
1189 #undef __FUNCT__
1190 #define __FUNCT__ "TSCreate_ARKIMEX"
1191 PetscErrorCode  TSCreate_ARKIMEX(TS ts)
1192 {
1193   TS_ARKIMEX     *th;
1194   PetscErrorCode ierr;
1195 
1196   PetscFunctionBegin;
1197 #if !defined(PETSC_USE_DYNAMIC_LIBRARIES)
1198   ierr = TSARKIMEXInitializePackage(PETSC_NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1199 #endif
1200 
1201   ts->ops->reset          = TSReset_ARKIMEX;
1202   ts->ops->destroy        = TSDestroy_ARKIMEX;
1203   ts->ops->view           = TSView_ARKIMEX;
1204   ts->ops->load           = TSLoad_ARKIMEX;
1205   ts->ops->setup          = TSSetUp_ARKIMEX;
1206   ts->ops->step           = TSStep_ARKIMEX;
1207   ts->ops->interpolate    = TSInterpolate_ARKIMEX;
1208   ts->ops->evaluatestep   = TSEvaluateStep_ARKIMEX;
1209   ts->ops->setfromoptions = TSSetFromOptions_ARKIMEX;
1210   ts->ops->snesfunction   = SNESTSFormFunction_ARKIMEX;
1211   ts->ops->snesjacobian   = SNESTSFormJacobian_ARKIMEX;
1212 
1213   ierr = PetscNewLog(ts,TS_ARKIMEX,&th);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1214   ts->data = (void*)th;
1215   th->imex = PETSC_TRUE;
1216 
1217   ierr = PetscObjectComposeFunctionDynamic((PetscObject)ts,"TSARKIMEXGetType_C","TSARKIMEXGetType_ARKIMEX",TSARKIMEXGetType_ARKIMEX);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1218   ierr = PetscObjectComposeFunctionDynamic((PetscObject)ts,"TSARKIMEXSetType_C","TSARKIMEXSetType_ARKIMEX",TSARKIMEXSetType_ARKIMEX);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1219   ierr = PetscObjectComposeFunctionDynamic((PetscObject)ts,"TSARKIMEXSetFullyImplicit_C","TSARKIMEXSetFullyImplicit_ARKIMEX",TSARKIMEXSetFullyImplicit_ARKIMEX);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1220   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
1221 }
1222 EXTERN_C_END
1223