xref: /petsc/src/ts/utils/dmplexlandau/plexland.c (revision d57bb9db46f99bff4aaa690e4e9a7e55805ae415)
1 #include <petsc/private/dmpleximpl.h>   /*I "petscdmplex.h" I*/
2 #include <petsclandau.h>                /*I "petsclandau.h"   I*/
3 #include <petscts.h>
4 #include <petscdmforest.h>
5 
6 /* Landau collision operator */
7 #define PETSC_THREAD_SYNC
8 #define PETSC_DEVICE_FUNC_DECL static
9 #include "land_tensors.h"
10 
11 /* vector padding not supported */
12 #define LANDAU_VL  1
13 
14 static PetscErrorCode LandauGPUMapsDestroy(void *ptr)
15 {
16   P4estVertexMaps *maps = (P4estVertexMaps *)ptr;
17   PetscErrorCode  ierr;
18   PetscFunctionBegin;
19   if (maps->deviceType != LANDAU_CPU) {
20 #if defined(PETSC_HAVE_KOKKOS_KERNELS)
21     if (maps->deviceType == LANDAU_KOKKOS) {
22       ierr = LandauKokkosDestroyMatMaps(maps);CHKERRQ(ierr); // imples Kokkos does
23     } // else could be CUDA
24 #elif defined(PETSC_HAVE_CUDA)
25     if (maps->deviceType == LANDAU_CUDA){
26       ierr = LandauCUDADestroyMatMaps(maps);CHKERRQ(ierr);
27     } else SETERRQ1(PETSC_COMM_SELF, PETSC_ERR_PLIB, "maps->deviceType %D ?????",maps->deviceType);
28 #endif
29   }
30   ierr = PetscFree(maps->c_maps);CHKERRQ(ierr);
31   ierr = PetscFree(maps->gIdx);CHKERRQ(ierr);
32   ierr = PetscFree(maps);CHKERRQ(ierr);
33   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
34 }
35 
36 /* ------------------------------------------------------------------- */
37 /*
38  LandauFormJacobian_Internal - Evaluates Jacobian matrix.
39 
40  Input Parameters:
41  .  globX - input vector
42  .  actx - optional user-defined context
43  .  dim - dimension
44 
45  Output Parameters:
46  .  J0acP - Jacobian matrix filled, not created
47  */
48 static PetscErrorCode LandauFormJacobian_Internal(Vec a_X, Mat JacP, const PetscInt dim, PetscReal shift, void *a_ctx)
49 {
50   LandauCtx         *ctx = (LandauCtx*)a_ctx;
51   PetscErrorCode    ierr;
52   PetscInt          cStart, cEnd, elemMatSize;
53   PetscDS           prob;
54   PetscSection      section,globsection;
55   PetscInt          numCells,totDim,ej,Nq,*Nbf,*Ncf,Nb,Ncx,Nf,d,f,fieldA,qj,N;
56   PetscQuadrature   quad;
57   const PetscReal   *quadWeights;
58   PetscTabulation   *Tf; // used for CPU and print info
59   PetscReal         Eq_m[LANDAU_MAX_SPECIES], m_0=ctx->m_0; /* normalize mass -- not needed! */
60   PetscScalar       *IPf=NULL;
61   const PetscScalar *xdata=NULL;
62   PetscLogDouble    flops;
63   PetscContainer    container;
64   P4estVertexMaps   *maps=NULL;
65 
66   PetscFunctionBegin;
67   PetscValidHeaderSpecific(a_X,VEC_CLASSID,1);
68   PetscValidHeaderSpecific(JacP,MAT_CLASSID,2);
69   PetscValidPointer(ctx,5);
70   /* check for matrix container for GPU assembly */
71   ierr = PetscLogEventBegin(ctx->events[10],0,0,0,0);CHKERRQ(ierr);
72   ierr = PetscObjectQuery((PetscObject) JacP, "assembly_maps", (PetscObject *) &container);CHKERRQ(ierr);
73   if (container /* && ctx->deviceType != LANDAU_CPU */) {
74     if (!ctx->gpu_assembly) SETERRQ(ctx->comm,PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONG,"GPU matrix container but no GPU assembly");
75     ierr = PetscContainerGetPointer(container, (void **) &maps);CHKERRQ(ierr);
76     if (!maps) SETERRQ(ctx->comm,PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONG,"empty GPU matrix container");
77   }
78   if (ctx->plex == NULL) {
79     ierr = DMConvert(ctx->dmv, DMPLEX, &ctx->plex);CHKERRQ(ierr);
80   }
81   ierr = DMPlexGetHeightStratum(ctx->plex, 0, &cStart, &cEnd);CHKERRQ(ierr);
82   ierr = DMGetLocalSection(ctx->plex, &section);CHKERRQ(ierr);
83   ierr = DMGetGlobalSection(ctx->plex, &globsection);CHKERRQ(ierr);
84   ierr = DMGetDS(ctx->plex, &prob);CHKERRQ(ierr);
85   ierr = PetscDSGetTabulation(prob, &Tf);CHKERRQ(ierr); // Bf, &Df
86   ierr = PetscDSGetDimensions(prob, &Nbf);CHKERRQ(ierr); Nb = Nbf[0]; /* number of vertices*S */
87   ierr = PetscSectionGetNumFields(section, &Nf);CHKERRQ(ierr);         if (Nf!=ctx->num_species) SETERRQ1(ctx->comm, PETSC_ERR_PLIB, "Nf %D != S",Nf);
88   ierr = PetscDSGetComponents(prob, &Ncf);CHKERRQ(ierr); Ncx = Ncf[0]; if (Ncx!=1) SETERRQ1(ctx->comm, PETSC_ERR_PLIB, "Nc %D != 1",Ncx);
89   ierr = PetscDSGetTotalDimension(prob, &totDim);CHKERRQ(ierr);
90   numCells = cEnd - cStart;
91   ierr = PetscFEGetQuadrature(ctx->fe[0], &quad);CHKERRQ(ierr);
92   ierr = PetscQuadratureGetData(quad, NULL, NULL, &Nq, NULL, &quadWeights);CHKERRQ(ierr);
93   if (Nb!=Nq) SETERRQ4(ctx->comm, PETSC_ERR_PLIB, "Nb!=Nq %D %D over integration or simplices? Tf[0]->Nb=%D dim=%D",Nb,Nq,Tf[0]->Nb,dim);
94   if (Nq >LANDAU_MAX_NQ) SETERRQ2(ctx->comm,PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONG,"Order too high. Nq = %D > LANDAU_MAX_NQ (%D)",Nq,LANDAU_MAX_NQ);
95   if (LANDAU_DIM != dim) SETERRQ2(ctx->comm, PETSC_ERR_PLIB, "dim %D != LANDAU_DIM %d",dim,LANDAU_DIM);
96   if (!ctx->SData_d) {
97     ierr = PetscNew(&ctx->SData_d);CHKERRQ(ierr);
98   }
99   elemMatSize = totDim*totDim; // used for CPU and print info
100   ierr = PetscLogEventEnd(ctx->events[10],0,0,0,0);CHKERRQ(ierr);
101   ierr = VecGetSize(a_X,&N);CHKERRQ(ierr);
102   if (!ctx->init) {    /* create static point data, Jacobian called first */
103     PetscReal *invJ,*ww,*xx,*yy,*zz=NULL,*mass_w,*invJ_a;
104     const PetscInt  nip = Nq*numCells;
105 
106     ierr = PetscLogEventBegin(ctx->events[7],0,0,0,0);CHKERRQ(ierr);
107     ctx->init = PETSC_TRUE;
108     ierr = PetscInfo(ctx->plex, "Initialize static data\n");CHKERRQ(ierr);
109     /* collect f data, first time is for Jacobian, but make mass now */
110     if (ctx->verbose > 1 || ctx->verbose > 0) {
111       ierr = PetscPrintf(ctx->comm,"[%D]%s: %D IPs, %D cells, totDim=%D, Nb=%D, Nq=%D, elemMatSize=%D, dim=%D, Tab: Nb=%D Nf=%D Np=%D cdim=%D N=%D shift=%g\n",
112                          0,"FormLandau",Nq*numCells,numCells, totDim, Nb, Nq, elemMatSize, dim, Tf[0]->Nb, Nf, Tf[0]->Np, Tf[0]->cdim, N, shift);CHKERRQ(ierr);
113     }
114     ierr = PetscMalloc5(nip,&mass_w,nip,&ww,nip,&xx,nip,&yy,nip*dim*dim,&invJ_a);CHKERRQ(ierr);
115     if (dim==3) {
116       ierr = PetscMalloc1(nip,&zz);CHKERRQ(ierr);
117     }
118     for (ej = 0 ; ej < numCells; ++ej) {
119       PetscReal    vj[LANDAU_MAX_NQ*LANDAU_DIM],detJj[LANDAU_MAX_NQ], Jdummy[LANDAU_MAX_NQ*LANDAU_DIM*LANDAU_DIM];
120       invJ = invJ_a ? invJ_a + ej * Nq*dim*dim : NULL;
121       ierr = DMPlexComputeCellGeometryFEM(ctx->plex, cStart+ej, quad, vj, Jdummy, invJ, detJj);CHKERRQ(ierr);
122       /* create dynamic point data */
123       for (qj = 0; qj < Nq; ++qj) {
124         PetscInt         gidx = (ej*Nq + qj);
125         mass_w[gidx] = detJj[qj] * quadWeights[qj];
126         if (dim==2) mass_w[gidx] *=  2.*PETSC_PI*vj[qj * dim + 0]; /* cylindrical coordinate, w/o 2pi */
127         xx[gidx] = vj[qj * dim + 0]; /* coordinate */
128         yy[gidx] = vj[qj * dim + 1];
129         if (dim==3) zz[gidx] = vj[qj * dim + 2];
130         ww[gidx] = detJj[qj] * quadWeights[qj];
131         if (dim==2) ww[gidx] *= xx[gidx];  /* cylindrical coordinate, w/o 2pi */
132       } /* q */
133     } /* ej */
134     /* cache static data */
135     if (ctx->deviceType == LANDAU_CUDA || ctx->deviceType == LANDAU_KOKKOS) {
136 #if defined(PETSC_HAVE_CUDA) || defined(PETSC_HAVE_KOKKOS)
137       PetscReal invMass[LANDAU_MAX_SPECIES],nu_alpha[LANDAU_MAX_SPECIES], nu_beta[LANDAU_MAX_SPECIES];
138       for (fieldA=0;fieldA<Nf;fieldA++) {
139         invMass[fieldA] = m_0/ctx->masses[fieldA];
140         nu_alpha[fieldA] = PetscSqr(ctx->charges[fieldA]/m_0)*m_0/ctx->masses[fieldA];
141         nu_beta[fieldA] = PetscSqr(ctx->charges[fieldA]/ctx->epsilon0)*ctx->lnLam / (8*PETSC_PI) * ctx->t_0*ctx->n_0/PetscPowReal(ctx->v_0,3);
142       }
143       if (ctx->deviceType == LANDAU_CUDA) {
144 #if defined(PETSC_HAVE_CUDA)
145         ierr = LandauCUDAStaticDataSet(ctx->plex,Nq,nu_alpha,nu_beta,invMass,invJ_a,mass_w,xx,yy,zz,ww,ctx->SData_d);CHKERRQ(ierr);
146 #else
147         SETERRQ1(ctx->comm,PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONG,"-landau_device_type %s not built","cuda");
148 #endif
149       } else if (ctx->deviceType == LANDAU_KOKKOS) {
150 #if defined(PETSC_HAVE_KOKKOS)
151         ierr = LandauKokkosStaticDataSet(ctx->plex,Nq,nu_alpha,nu_beta,invMass,invJ_a,mass_w,xx,yy,zz,ww,ctx->SData_d);CHKERRQ(ierr);
152 #else
153         SETERRQ1(ctx->comm,PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONG,"-landau_device_type %s not built","kokkos");
154 #endif
155       }
156 #endif
157       /* free */
158       ierr = PetscFree5(mass_w,ww,xx,yy,invJ_a);CHKERRQ(ierr);
159       if (dim==3) {
160         ierr = PetscFree(zz);CHKERRQ(ierr);
161       }
162     } else { /* CPU version, just copy in, only use part */
163       ctx->SData_d->w = (void*)ww;
164       ctx->SData_d->x = (void*)xx;
165       ctx->SData_d->y = (void*)yy;
166       ctx->SData_d->z = (void*)zz;
167       ctx->SData_d->invJ = (void*)invJ_a;
168       ctx->SData_d->mass_w = (void*)mass_w;
169     }
170     ierr = PetscLogEventEnd(ctx->events[7],0,0,0,0);CHKERRQ(ierr);
171   }
172   if (shift==0) { /* create dynamic point data */
173     ierr = PetscLogEventBegin(ctx->events[1],0,0,0,0);CHKERRQ(ierr);
174     ierr = MatZeroEntries(JacP);CHKERRQ(ierr);
175     flops = (PetscLogDouble)numCells*(PetscLogDouble)Nq*(PetscLogDouble)(5*dim*dim*Nf*Nf + 165);
176     for (fieldA=0;fieldA<Nf;fieldA++) {
177       Eq_m[fieldA] = ctx->Ez * ctx->t_0 * ctx->charges[fieldA] / (ctx->v_0 * ctx->masses[fieldA]); /* normalize dimensionless */
178       if (dim==2) Eq_m[fieldA] *=  2 * PETSC_PI; /* add the 2pi term that is not in Landau */
179     }
180     if (!ctx->gpu_assembly || !container) {
181       Vec locX;
182       ierr = DMGetLocalVector(ctx->plex, &locX);CHKERRQ(ierr);
183       ierr = VecZeroEntries(locX);CHKERRQ(ierr); /* zero BCs so don't set */
184       ierr = DMGlobalToLocalBegin(ctx->plex, a_X, INSERT_VALUES, locX);CHKERRQ(ierr);
185       ierr = DMGlobalToLocalEnd  (ctx->plex, a_X, INSERT_VALUES, locX);CHKERRQ(ierr);
186       ierr = PetscMalloc1(Nq*numCells*Nf,&IPf);CHKERRQ(ierr);
187       for (ej = 0 ; ej < numCells; ++ej) {
188         PetscScalar *coef = NULL;
189         ierr = DMPlexVecGetClosure(ctx->plex, section, locX, cStart+ej, NULL, &coef);CHKERRQ(ierr);
190         ierr = PetscMemcpy(&IPf[ej*Nb*Nf],coef,Nb*Nf*sizeof(PetscScalar));CHKERRQ(ierr); /* change if LandauIPReal != PetscScalar */
191         ierr = DMPlexVecRestoreClosure(ctx->plex, section, locX, cStart+ej, NULL, &coef);CHKERRQ(ierr);
192       } /* ej */
193       ierr = DMRestoreLocalVector(ctx->plex, &locX);CHKERRQ(ierr);
194     } else {
195       PetscMemType mtype;
196       ierr = VecGetArrayReadAndMemType(a_X,&xdata,&mtype);CHKERRQ(ierr);
197     }
198     ierr = PetscLogEventEnd(ctx->events[1],0,0,0,0);CHKERRQ(ierr);
199   } else {
200     flops = (PetscLogDouble)numCells*(PetscLogDouble)Nq*(PetscLogDouble)(5*dim*dim*Nf*Nf);
201   }
202   /* do it */
203   if (ctx->deviceType == LANDAU_CUDA || ctx->deviceType == LANDAU_KOKKOS) {
204     if (ctx->deviceType == LANDAU_CUDA) {
205 #if defined(PETSC_HAVE_CUDA)
206       ierr = LandauCUDAJacobian(ctx->plex,Nq,Eq_m,IPf,N,xdata,ctx->SData_d,ctx->subThreadBlockSize,shift,ctx->events,JacP);CHKERRQ(ierr);
207 #else
208       SETERRQ1(ctx->comm,PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONG,"-landau_device_type %s not built","cuda");
209 #endif
210     } else if (ctx->deviceType == LANDAU_KOKKOS) {
211 #if defined(PETSC_HAVE_KOKKOS)
212       ierr = LandauKokkosJacobian(ctx->plex,Nq,Eq_m,IPf,N,xdata,ctx->SData_d,ctx->subThreadBlockSize,shift,ctx->events,JacP);CHKERRQ(ierr);
213 #else
214       SETERRQ1(ctx->comm,PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONG,"-landau_device_type %s not built","kokkos");
215 #endif
216     }
217   } else { /* CPU version */
218     PetscInt        ei, qi;
219     PetscScalar     *elemMat,coef_buff[LANDAU_MAX_SPECIES*LANDAU_MAX_NQ];
220     PetscReal       *ff, *dudx, *dudy, *dudz, *invJ, *invJ_a = (PetscReal*)ctx->SData_d->invJ, *xx = (PetscReal*)ctx->SData_d->x, *yy = (PetscReal*)ctx->SData_d->y, *zz = (PetscReal*)ctx->SData_d->z, *ww = (PetscReal*)ctx->SData_d->w, *mass_w = (PetscReal*)ctx->SData_d->mass_w;
221     const PetscInt  nip = Nq*numCells;
222     const PetscReal *const BB = Tf[0]->T[0], * const DD = Tf[0]->T[1];
223     PetscReal       Eq_m[LANDAU_MAX_SPECIES], invMass[LANDAU_MAX_SPECIES], nu_alpha[LANDAU_MAX_SPECIES], nu_beta[LANDAU_MAX_SPECIES];
224     if (shift!=0.0) { // mass
225       ierr = PetscMalloc1(elemMatSize, &elemMat);CHKERRQ(ierr);
226     } else {      /* compute f and df and init data for Jacobian */
227       ierr = PetscLogEventBegin(ctx->events[8],0,0,0,0);CHKERRQ(ierr);
228       for (fieldA=0;fieldA<Nf;fieldA++) {
229         invMass[fieldA] = m_0/ctx->masses[fieldA];
230         Eq_m[fieldA] = ctx->Ez * ctx->t_0 * ctx->charges[fieldA] / (ctx->v_0 * ctx->masses[fieldA]); /* normalize dimensionless */
231         if (dim==2) Eq_m[fieldA] *=  2 * PETSC_PI; /* add the 2pi term that is not in Landau */
232         nu_alpha[fieldA] = PetscSqr(ctx->charges[fieldA]/m_0)*m_0/ctx->masses[fieldA];
233         nu_beta[fieldA] = PetscSqr(ctx->charges[fieldA]/ctx->epsilon0)*ctx->lnLam / (8*PETSC_PI) * ctx->t_0*ctx->n_0/PetscPowReal(ctx->v_0,3);
234       }
235       ierr = PetscMalloc5(elemMatSize, &elemMat, nip*Nf, &ff, nip*Nf, &dudx, nip*Nf, &dudy, dim==3 ? nip*Nf : 0, &dudz);CHKERRQ(ierr);
236       for (ei = cStart, invJ = invJ_a; ei < cEnd; ++ei, invJ += Nq*dim*dim) {
237         PetscScalar *coef;
238         PetscInt     b,f,idx,q;
239         PetscReal    u_x[LANDAU_MAX_SPECIES][LANDAU_DIM];
240         if (IPf) {
241           coef = &IPf[ei*Nb*Nf]; // this is const
242         } else {
243           if (!maps) SETERRQ(ctx->comm,PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONG,"!maps");
244           coef = coef_buff;
245           for (f = 0; f < Nf; ++f) {
246             LandauIdx *const Idxs = &maps->gIdx[ei-cStart][f][0];
247             for (b = 0; b < Nb; ++b) {
248               idx = Idxs[b];
249               if (idx >= 0) {
250                 coef[f*Nb+b] = xdata[idx];
251               } else {
252                 idx = -idx - 1;
253                 coef[f*Nb+b] = 0;
254                 for (q = 0; q < maps->num_face; q++) {
255                   PetscInt    id = maps->c_maps[idx][q].gid;
256                   PetscScalar scale = maps->c_maps[idx][q].scale;
257                   coef[f*Nb+b] += scale*xdata[id];
258                 }
259               }
260             }
261           }
262         }
263         /* get f and df */
264         for (qi = 0; qi < Nq; ++qi) {
265           const PetscReal  *Bq = &BB[qi*Nb];
266           const PetscReal  *Dq = &DD[qi*Nb*dim];
267           const PetscInt   gidx = ei*Nq + qi;
268           /* get f & df */
269           for (f = 0; f < Nf; ++f) {
270             PetscInt   b, e;
271             PetscReal  refSpaceDer[LANDAU_DIM];
272             ff[gidx + f*nip] = 0.0;
273             for (d = 0; d < LANDAU_DIM; ++d) refSpaceDer[d] = 0.0;
274             for (b = 0; b < Nb; ++b) {
275               const PetscInt    cidx = b;
276               ff[gidx + f*nip] += Bq[cidx]*PetscRealPart(coef[f*Nb+cidx]);
277               for (d = 0; d < dim; ++d) refSpaceDer[d] += Dq[cidx*dim+d]*PetscRealPart(coef[f*Nb+cidx]);
278             }
279             for (d = 0; d < dim; ++d) {
280               for (e = 0, u_x[f][d] = 0.0; e < dim; ++e) {
281                 u_x[f][d] += invJ[qi * dim * dim + e*dim+d]*refSpaceDer[e];
282               }
283             }
284           }
285           for (f=0;f<Nf;f++) {
286             dudx[gidx + f*nip] = u_x[f][0];
287             dudy[gidx + f*nip] = u_x[f][1];
288 #if LANDAU_DIM==3
289             dudz[gidx + f*nip] = u_x[f][2];
290 #endif
291           }
292         }
293       }
294       ierr = PetscLogEventEnd(ctx->events[8],0,0,0,0);CHKERRQ(ierr);
295     }
296     for (ej = cStart, invJ = invJ_a; ej < cEnd; ++ej, invJ += Nq*dim*dim) {
297       ierr = PetscMemzero(elemMat, totDim *totDim * sizeof(PetscScalar));CHKERRQ(ierr);
298       ierr = PetscLogEventBegin(ctx->events[4],0,0,0,0);CHKERRQ(ierr);
299       ierr = PetscLogFlops((PetscLogDouble)Nq*flops);CHKERRQ(ierr);
300       //printf("\t:%d.%d) Invj[0] = %e (%d)\n",ej,qj,invJ[0],(int)(invJ-invJ_a));
301       for (qj = 0; qj < Nq; ++qj) {
302         const PetscReal * const BB = Tf[0]->T[0], * const DD = Tf[0]->T[1];
303         PetscReal               g0[LANDAU_MAX_SPECIES], g2[LANDAU_MAX_SPECIES][LANDAU_DIM], g3[LANDAU_MAX_SPECIES][LANDAU_DIM][LANDAU_DIM];
304         PetscInt                d,d2,dp,d3,ipidx,fieldA;
305         const PetscInt          jpidx = Nq*(ej-cStart) + qj;
306         if (shift==0.0) {
307           const PetscReal * const invJj = &invJ[qj*dim*dim];
308           PetscReal               gg2[LANDAU_MAX_SPECIES][LANDAU_DIM],gg3[LANDAU_MAX_SPECIES][LANDAU_DIM][LANDAU_DIM], gg2_temp[LANDAU_DIM], gg3_temp[LANDAU_DIM][LANDAU_DIM];
309           const PetscReal         vj[3] = {xx[jpidx], yy[jpidx], zz ? zz[jpidx] : 0}, wj = ww[jpidx];
310 
311           // create g2 & g3
312           for (d=0;d<dim;d++) { // clear accumulation data D & K
313             gg2_temp[d] = 0;
314             for (d2=0;d2<dim;d2++) gg3_temp[d][d2] = 0;
315           }
316           for (ipidx = 0; ipidx < nip; ipidx++) {
317             const PetscReal wi = ww[ipidx], x = xx[ipidx], y = yy[ipidx];
318             PetscReal       temp1[3] = {0, 0, 0}, temp2 = 0;
319 #if LANDAU_DIM==2
320             PetscReal       Ud[2][2], Uk[2][2];
321             LandauTensor2D(vj, x, y, Ud, Uk, (ipidx==jpidx) ? 0. : 1.);
322 #else
323             PetscReal U[3][3], z = zz[ipidx];
324             LandauTensor3D(vj, x, y, z, U, (ipidx==jpidx) ? 0. : 1.);
325 #endif
326             for (fieldA = 0; fieldA < Nf; ++fieldA) {
327               temp1[0] += dudx[ipidx + fieldA*nip]*nu_beta[fieldA]*invMass[fieldA];
328               temp1[1] += dudy[ipidx + fieldA*nip]*nu_beta[fieldA]*invMass[fieldA];
329 #if LANDAU_DIM==3
330               temp1[2] += dudz[ipidx + fieldA*nip]*nu_beta[fieldA]*invMass[fieldA];
331 #endif
332               temp2    += ff[ipidx + fieldA*nip]*nu_beta[fieldA];
333             }
334             temp1[0] *= wi;
335             temp1[1] *= wi;
336 #if LANDAU_DIM==3
337             temp1[2] *= wi;
338 #endif
339             temp2    *= wi;
340 #if LANDAU_DIM==2
341             for (d2 = 0; d2 < 2; d2++) {
342               for (d3 = 0; d3 < 2; ++d3) {
343                 /* K = U * grad(f): g2=e: i,A */
344                 gg2_temp[d2] += Uk[d2][d3]*temp1[d3];
345                 /* D = -U * (I \kron (fx)): g3=f: i,j,A */
346                 gg3_temp[d2][d3] += Ud[d2][d3]*temp2;
347               }
348             }
349 #else
350             for (d2 = 0; d2 < 3; ++d2) {
351               for (d3 = 0; d3 < 3; ++d3) {
352                 /* K = U * grad(f): g2 = e: i,A */
353                 gg2_temp[d2] += U[d2][d3]*temp1[d3];
354                 /* D = -U * (I \kron (fx)): g3 = f: i,j,A */
355                 gg3_temp[d2][d3] += U[d2][d3]*temp2;
356               }
357             }
358 #endif
359           } /* IPs */
360           // add alpha and put in gg2/3
361           for (fieldA = 0; fieldA < Nf; ++fieldA) {
362             for (d2 = 0; d2 < dim; d2++) {
363               gg2[fieldA][d2] = gg2_temp[d2]*nu_alpha[fieldA];
364               for (d3 = 0; d3 < dim; d3++) {
365                 gg3[fieldA][d2][d3] = -gg3_temp[d2][d3]*nu_alpha[fieldA]*invMass[fieldA];
366               }
367             }
368           }
369           /* add electric field term once per IP */
370           for (fieldA = 0; fieldA < Nf; ++fieldA) {
371             gg2[fieldA][dim-1] += Eq_m[fieldA];
372           }
373           /* Jacobian transform - g2, g3 */
374           for (fieldA = 0; fieldA < Nf; ++fieldA) {
375             for (d = 0; d < dim; ++d) {
376               g2[fieldA][d] = 0.0;
377               for (d2 = 0; d2 < dim; ++d2) {
378                 g2[fieldA][d] += invJj[d*dim+d2]*gg2[fieldA][d2];
379                 g3[fieldA][d][d2] = 0.0;
380                 for (d3 = 0; d3 < dim; ++d3) {
381                   for (dp = 0; dp < dim; ++dp) {
382                     g3[fieldA][d][d2] += invJj[d*dim + d3]*gg3[fieldA][d3][dp]*invJj[d2*dim + dp];
383                   }
384                 }
385                 g3[fieldA][d][d2] *= wj;
386               }
387               g2[fieldA][d] *= wj;
388             }
389           }
390         } else { // mass
391           /* Jacobian transform - g0 */
392           for (fieldA = 0; fieldA < Nf; ++fieldA) {
393             g0[fieldA] = mass_w[jpidx] * shift; // move this to below and remove g0
394           }
395         }
396         /* FE matrix construction */
397         {
398           PetscInt  fieldA,d,f,d2,g;
399           const PetscReal *BJq = &BB[qj*Nb], *DIq = &DD[qj*Nb*dim];
400           /* assemble - on the diagonal (I,I) */
401           for (fieldA = 0; fieldA < Nf ; fieldA++) {
402             for (f = 0; f < Nb ; f++) {
403               const PetscInt i = fieldA*Nb + f; /* Element matrix row */
404               for (g = 0; g < Nb; ++g) {
405                 const PetscInt j    = fieldA*Nb + g; /* Element matrix column */
406                 const PetscInt fOff = i*totDim + j;
407                 if (shift==0.0) {
408                   for (d = 0; d < dim; ++d) {
409                     elemMat[fOff] += DIq[f*dim+d]*g2[fieldA][d]*BJq[g];
410                     //printf("\t:%d.%d.%d.%d.%d.%d) elemMat=%e += %e %e %e\n",ej,qj,fieldA,f,g,d,elemMat[fOff],DIq[f*dim+d],g2[fieldA][d],BJq[g]);
411                     for (d2 = 0; d2 < dim; ++d2) {
412                       elemMat[fOff] += DIq[f*dim + d]*g3[fieldA][d][d2]*DIq[g*dim + d2];
413                     }
414                   }
415                 } else { // mass
416                   elemMat[fOff] += BJq[f]*g0[fieldA]*BJq[g];
417                 }
418               }
419             }
420           }
421         }
422       } /* qj loop */
423       ierr = PetscLogEventEnd(ctx->events[4],0,0,0,0);CHKERRQ(ierr);
424       /* assemble matrix */
425       ierr = PetscLogEventBegin(ctx->events[6],0,0,0,0);CHKERRQ(ierr);
426       if (!maps) {
427         ierr = DMPlexMatSetClosure(ctx->plex, section, globsection, JacP, ej, elemMat, ADD_VALUES);CHKERRQ(ierr);
428       } else {  // GPU like assembly for debugging
429         PetscInt      fieldA,idx,q,f,g,d,nr,nc,rows0[LANDAU_MAX_Q_FACE],cols0[LANDAU_MAX_Q_FACE]={0},rows[LANDAU_MAX_Q_FACE],cols[LANDAU_MAX_Q_FACE];
430         PetscScalar   vals[LANDAU_MAX_Q_FACE*LANDAU_MAX_Q_FACE],row_scale[LANDAU_MAX_Q_FACE],col_scale[LANDAU_MAX_Q_FACE]={0};
431         /* assemble - from the diagonal (I,I) in this format for DMPlexMatSetClosure */
432         for (fieldA = 0; fieldA < Nf ; fieldA++) {
433           LandauIdx *const Idxs = &maps->gIdx[ej-cStart][fieldA][0];
434           for (f = 0; f < Nb ; f++) {
435             idx = Idxs[f];
436             if (idx >= 0) {
437               nr = 1;
438               rows0[0] = idx;
439               row_scale[0] = 1.;
440             } else {
441               idx = -idx - 1;
442               nr = maps->num_face;
443               for (q = 0; q < maps->num_face; q++) {
444                 rows0[q]     = maps->c_maps[idx][q].gid;
445                 row_scale[q] = maps->c_maps[idx][q].scale;
446               }
447             }
448             for (g = 0; g < Nb; ++g) {
449               idx = Idxs[g];
450               if (idx >= 0) {
451                 nc = 1;
452                 cols0[0] = idx;
453                 col_scale[0] = 1.;
454               } else {
455                 idx = -idx - 1;
456                 nc = maps->num_face;
457                 for (q = 0; q < maps->num_face; q++) {
458                   cols0[q]     = maps->c_maps[idx][q].gid;
459                   col_scale[q] = maps->c_maps[idx][q].scale;
460                 }
461               }
462               const PetscInt    i = fieldA*Nb + f; /* Element matrix row */
463               const PetscInt    j = fieldA*Nb + g; /* Element matrix column */
464               const PetscScalar Aij = elemMat[i*totDim + j];
465               for (q = 0; q < nr; q++) rows[q] = rows0[q];
466               for (q = 0; q < nc; q++) cols[q] = cols0[q];
467               for (q = 0; q < nr; q++) {
468                 for (d = 0; d < nc; d++) {
469                   vals[q*nc + d] = row_scale[q]*col_scale[d]*Aij;
470                 }
471               }
472               ierr = MatSetValues(JacP,nr,rows,nc,cols,vals,ADD_VALUES);CHKERRQ(ierr);
473             }
474           }
475         }
476       }
477       if (ej==-1) {
478         PetscErrorCode    ierr2;
479         ierr2 = PetscPrintf(ctx->comm,"CPU Element matrix\n");CHKERRQ(ierr2);
480         for (d = 0; d < totDim; ++d){
481           for (f = 0; f < totDim; ++f) {ierr2 = PetscPrintf(ctx->comm," %12.5e",  PetscRealPart(elemMat[d*totDim + f]));CHKERRQ(ierr2);}
482           ierr2 = PetscPrintf(ctx->comm,"\n");CHKERRQ(ierr2);
483         }
484         exit(12);
485       }
486       ierr = PetscLogEventEnd(ctx->events[6],0,0,0,0);CHKERRQ(ierr);
487     } /* ej cells loop, not cuda */
488     if (shift!=0.0) { // mass
489       ierr = PetscFree(elemMat);CHKERRQ(ierr);
490     } else {
491       ierr = PetscFree5(elemMat, ff, dudx, dudy, dudz);CHKERRQ(ierr);
492     }
493   } /* CPU version */
494 
495   /* assemble matrix or vector */
496   ierr = MatAssemblyBegin(JacP, MAT_FINAL_ASSEMBLY);CHKERRQ(ierr);
497   ierr = MatAssemblyEnd(JacP, MAT_FINAL_ASSEMBLY);CHKERRQ(ierr);
498 #define MAP_BF_SIZE (128*LANDAU_DIM*LANDAU_MAX_Q_FACE*LANDAU_MAX_SPECIES)
499   if (ctx->gpu_assembly && !container) {
500     PetscScalar             elemMatrix[LANDAU_MAX_NQ*LANDAU_MAX_NQ*LANDAU_MAX_SPECIES*LANDAU_MAX_SPECIES], *elMat;
501     pointInterpolationP4est pointMaps[MAP_BF_SIZE][LANDAU_MAX_Q_FACE];
502     PetscInt                q,eidx,fieldA;
503     MatType                 type;
504     ierr = PetscInfo1(ctx->plex, "Make GPU maps %D\n",1);CHKERRQ(ierr);
505     ierr = MatGetType(JacP,&type);CHKERRQ(ierr);
506     ierr = PetscLogEventBegin(ctx->events[2],0,0,0,0);CHKERRQ(ierr);
507     ierr = PetscMalloc(sizeof(P4estVertexMaps), &maps);CHKERRQ(ierr);
508     ierr = PetscContainerCreate(PETSC_COMM_SELF, &container);CHKERRQ(ierr);
509     ierr = PetscContainerSetPointer(container, (void *)maps);CHKERRQ(ierr);
510     ierr = PetscContainerSetUserDestroy(container, LandauGPUMapsDestroy);CHKERRQ(ierr);
511     ierr = PetscObjectCompose((PetscObject) JacP, "assembly_maps", (PetscObject) container);CHKERRQ(ierr);
512     ierr = PetscContainerDestroy(&container);CHKERRQ(ierr);
513     // make maps
514     maps->data = NULL;
515     maps->num_elements = numCells;
516     maps->num_face = (PetscInt)(pow(Nq,1./((double)dim))+.001); // Q
517     maps->num_face = (PetscInt)(pow(maps->num_face,(double)(dim-1))+.001); // Q^2
518     maps->num_reduced = 0;
519     maps->deviceType = ctx->deviceType;
520 
521     // count reduced and get
522     ierr = PetscMalloc(maps->num_elements * sizeof *maps->gIdx, &maps->gIdx);CHKERRQ(ierr);
523     for (fieldA=0;fieldA<Nf;fieldA++) {
524       for (ej = cStart, eidx = 0 ; ej < cEnd; ++ej, ++eidx) {
525         for (q = 0; q < Nb; ++q) {
526           PetscInt    numindices,*indices;
527           PetscScalar *valuesOrig = elMat = elemMatrix;
528           ierr = PetscMemzero(elMat, totDim*totDim*sizeof(PetscScalar));CHKERRQ(ierr);
529           elMat[ (fieldA*Nb + q)*totDim + fieldA*Nb + q] = 1;
530           ierr = DMPlexGetClosureIndices(ctx->plex, section, globsection, ej, PETSC_TRUE, &numindices, &indices, NULL, (PetscScalar **) &elMat);CHKERRQ(ierr);
531           for (f = 0 ; f < numindices ; ++f) { // look for a non-zero on the diagonal
532             if (PetscAbs(PetscRealPart(elMat[f*numindices + f])) > PETSC_MACHINE_EPSILON) {
533               // found it
534               if (PetscAbs(PetscRealPart(elMat[f*numindices + f] - 1.)) < PETSC_MACHINE_EPSILON) {
535                 maps->gIdx[eidx][fieldA][q] = (LandauIdx)indices[f]; // normal vertex 1.0
536               } else { //found a constraint
537                 int       jj = 0;
538                 PetscReal sum = 0;
539                 const PetscInt ff = f;
540                 maps->gIdx[eidx][fieldA][q] = -maps->num_reduced - 1; // gid = -(idx+1): idx = -gid - 1
541                 do {  // constraints are continous in Plex - exploit that here
542                   int ii;
543                   for (ii = 0, pointMaps[maps->num_reduced][jj].scale = 0; ii < maps->num_face; ii++) { // DMPlex puts them all together
544                     if (ff + ii < numindices) {
545                       pointMaps[maps->num_reduced][jj].scale += PetscRealPart(elMat[f*numindices + ff + ii]);
546                     }
547                   }
548                   sum += pointMaps[maps->num_reduced][jj].scale;
549                   if (pointMaps[maps->num_reduced][jj].scale == 0) pointMaps[maps->num_reduced][jj].gid = -1; // 3D has Q and Q^2 interps -- all contiguous???
550                   else                                             pointMaps[maps->num_reduced][jj].gid = indices[f];
551                 } while (++jj < maps->num_face && ++f < numindices); // jj is incremented if we hit the end
552                 while (jj++ < maps->num_face) {
553                   pointMaps[maps->num_reduced][jj].scale = 0;
554                   pointMaps[maps->num_reduced][jj].gid = -1;
555                 }
556                 if (PetscAbs(sum-1.0) > 10*PETSC_MACHINE_EPSILON) { // debug
557                   int       d,f;
558                   PetscReal tmp = 0;
559                   PetscPrintf(PETSC_COMM_SELF,"\t\t%D.%D.%D) ERROR total I = %22.16e (LANDAU_MAX_Q_FACE=%d, #face=%D)\n",eidx,q,fieldA,sum,LANDAU_MAX_Q_FACE,maps->num_face);
560                   for (d = 0, tmp = 0; d < numindices; ++d){
561                     if (tmp!=0 && PetscAbs(tmp-1.0) > 10*PETSC_MACHINE_EPSILON) ierr = PetscPrintf(PETSC_COMM_WORLD,"%3D) %3D: ",d,indices[d]);CHKERRQ(ierr);
562                     for (f = 0; f < numindices; ++f) {
563                       tmp += PetscRealPart(elMat[d*numindices + f]);
564                     }
565                     if (tmp!=0) ierr = PetscPrintf(ctx->comm," | %22.16e\n",tmp);CHKERRQ(ierr);
566                   }
567                 }
568                 maps->num_reduced++;
569                 if (maps->num_reduced>=MAP_BF_SIZE) SETERRQ2(PETSC_COMM_SELF, PETSC_ERR_PLIB, "maps->num_reduced %d > %d",maps->num_reduced,MAP_BF_SIZE);
570               }
571               break;
572             }
573           }
574           // cleanup
575           ierr = DMPlexRestoreClosureIndices(ctx->plex, section, globsection, ej, PETSC_TRUE, &numindices, &indices, NULL, (PetscScalar **) &elMat);CHKERRQ(ierr);
576           if (elMat != valuesOrig) {ierr = DMRestoreWorkArray(ctx->plex, numindices*numindices, MPIU_SCALAR, &elMat);}
577         }
578       }
579     }
580     // allocate and copy point datamaps->gIdx[eidx][field][q] -- for CPU version of this code, for debugging
581     ierr = PetscMalloc(maps->num_reduced * sizeof *maps->c_maps, &maps->c_maps);CHKERRQ(ierr);
582     for (ej = 0; ej < maps->num_reduced; ++ej) {
583       for (q = 0; q < maps->num_face; ++q) {
584         maps->c_maps[ej][q].scale = pointMaps[ej][q].scale;
585         maps->c_maps[ej][q].gid = pointMaps[ej][q].gid;
586       }
587     }
588 #if defined(PETSC_HAVE_KOKKOS_KERNELS)
589     if (ctx->deviceType == LANDAU_KOKKOS) {
590       ierr = LandauKokkosCreateMatMaps(maps, pointMaps,Nf,Nq);CHKERRQ(ierr); // imples Kokkos does
591     } // else could be CUDA
592 #endif
593 #if defined(PETSC_HAVE_CUDA)
594     if (ctx->deviceType == LANDAU_CUDA){
595       ierr = LandauCUDACreateMatMaps(maps, pointMaps,Nf,Nq);CHKERRQ(ierr);
596     }
597 #endif
598 
599     ierr = PetscLogEventEnd(ctx->events[2],0,0,0,0);CHKERRQ(ierr);
600   }
601   /* clean up */
602   if (IPf) {
603     ierr = PetscFree(IPf);CHKERRQ(ierr);
604   }
605   if (xdata) {
606     ierr = VecRestoreArrayReadAndMemType(a_X,&xdata);CHKERRQ(ierr);
607   }
608 
609   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
610 }
611 
612 #if defined(LANDAU_ADD_BCS)
613 static void zero_bc(PetscInt dim, PetscInt Nf, PetscInt NfAux,
614                     const PetscInt uOff[], const PetscInt uOff_x[], const PetscScalar u[], const PetscScalar u_t[], const PetscScalar u_x[],
615                     const PetscInt aOff[], const PetscInt aOff_x[], const PetscScalar a[], const PetscScalar a_t[], const PetscScalar a_x[],
616                     PetscReal t, const PetscReal x[], PetscInt numConstants, const PetscScalar constants[], PetscScalar uexact[])
617 {
618   uexact[0] = 0;
619 }
620 #endif
621 
622 #define MATVEC2(__a,__x,__p) {int i,j; for (i=0.; i<2; i++) {__p[i] = 0; for (j=0.; j<2; j++) __p[i] += __a[i][j]*__x[j]; }}
623 static void CircleInflate(PetscReal r1, PetscReal r2, PetscReal r0, PetscInt num_sections, PetscReal x, PetscReal y,
624                           PetscReal *outX, PetscReal *outY)
625 {
626   PetscReal rr = PetscSqrtReal(x*x + y*y), outfact, efact;
627   if (rr < r1 + PETSC_SQRT_MACHINE_EPSILON) {
628     *outX = x; *outY = y;
629   } else {
630     const PetscReal xy[2] = {x,y}, sinphi=y/rr, cosphi=x/rr;
631     PetscReal       cth,sth,xyprime[2],Rth[2][2],rotcos,newrr;
632     if (num_sections==2) {
633       rotcos = 0.70710678118654;
634       outfact = 1.5; efact = 2.5;
635       /* rotate normalized vector into [-pi/4,pi/4) */
636       if (sinphi >= 0.) {         /* top cell, -pi/2 */
637         cth = 0.707106781186548; sth = -0.707106781186548;
638       } else {                    /* bottom cell -pi/8 */
639         cth = 0.707106781186548; sth = .707106781186548;
640       }
641     } else if (num_sections==3) {
642       rotcos = 0.86602540378443;
643       outfact = 1.5; efact = 2.5;
644       /* rotate normalized vector into [-pi/6,pi/6) */
645       if (sinphi >= 0.5) {         /* top cell, -pi/3 */
646         cth = 0.5; sth = -0.866025403784439;
647       } else if (sinphi >= -.5) {  /* mid cell 0 */
648         cth = 1.; sth = .0;
649       } else { /* bottom cell +pi/3 */
650         cth = 0.5; sth = 0.866025403784439;
651       }
652     } else if (num_sections==4) {
653       rotcos = 0.9238795325112;
654       outfact = 1.5; efact = 3;
655       /* rotate normalized vector into [-pi/8,pi/8) */
656       if (sinphi >= 0.707106781186548) {         /* top cell, -3pi/8 */
657         cth = 0.38268343236509; sth = -0.923879532511287;
658       } else if (sinphi >= 0.) {                 /* mid top cell -pi/8 */
659         cth = 0.923879532511287; sth = -.38268343236509;
660       } else if (sinphi >= -0.707106781186548) { /* mid bottom cell + pi/8 */
661         cth = 0.923879532511287; sth = 0.38268343236509;
662       } else {                                   /* bottom cell + 3pi/8 */
663         cth = 0.38268343236509; sth = .923879532511287;
664       }
665     } else {
666       cth = 0.; sth = 0.; rotcos = 0; efact = 0;
667     }
668     Rth[0][0] = cth; Rth[0][1] =-sth;
669     Rth[1][0] = sth; Rth[1][1] = cth;
670     MATVEC2(Rth,xy,xyprime);
671     if (num_sections==2) {
672       newrr = xyprime[0]/rotcos;
673     } else {
674       PetscReal newcosphi=xyprime[0]/rr, rin = r1, rout = rr - rin;
675       PetscReal routmax = r0*rotcos/newcosphi - rin, nroutmax = r0 - rin, routfrac = rout/routmax;
676       newrr = rin + routfrac*nroutmax;
677     }
678     *outX = cosphi*newrr; *outY = sinphi*newrr;
679     /* grade */
680     PetscReal fact,tt,rs,re, rr = PetscSqrtReal(PetscSqr(*outX) + PetscSqr(*outY));
681     if (rr > r2) { rs = r2; re = r0; fact = outfact;} /* outer zone */
682     else {         rs = r1; re = r2; fact = efact;} /* electron zone */
683     tt = (rs + PetscPowReal((rr - rs)/(re - rs),fact) * (re-rs)) / rr;
684     *outX *= tt;
685     *outY *= tt;
686   }
687 }
688 
689 static PetscErrorCode GeometryDMLandau(DM base, PetscInt point, PetscInt dim, const PetscReal abc[], PetscReal xyz[], void *a_ctx)
690 {
691   LandauCtx   *ctx = (LandauCtx*)a_ctx;
692   PetscReal   r = abc[0], z = abc[1];
693   if (ctx->inflate) {
694     PetscReal absR, absZ;
695     absR = PetscAbs(r);
696     absZ = PetscAbs(z);
697     CircleInflate(ctx->i_radius,ctx->e_radius,ctx->radius,ctx->num_sections,absR,absZ,&absR,&absZ);
698     r = (r > 0) ? absR : -absR;
699     z = (z > 0) ? absZ : -absZ;
700   }
701   xyz[0] = r;
702   xyz[1] = z;
703   if (dim==3) xyz[2] = abc[2];
704 
705   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
706 }
707 
708 static PetscErrorCode ErrorIndicator_Simple(PetscInt dim, PetscReal volume, PetscReal x[], PetscInt Nc, const PetscInt Nf[], const PetscScalar u[], const PetscScalar u_x[], PetscReal *error, void *actx)
709 {
710   PetscReal err = 0.0;
711   PetscInt  f = *(PetscInt*)actx, j;
712   PetscFunctionBegin;
713   for (j = 0; j < dim; ++j) {
714     err += PetscSqr(PetscRealPart(u_x[f*dim+j]));
715   }
716   err = PetscRealPart(u[f]); /* just use rho */
717   *error = volume * err; /* * (ctx->axisymmetric ? 2.*PETSC_PI * r : 1); */
718   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
719 }
720 
721 static PetscErrorCode LandauDMCreateVMesh(MPI_Comm comm, const PetscInt dim, const char prefix[], LandauCtx *ctx, DM *dm)
722 {
723   PetscErrorCode ierr;
724   PetscReal      radius = ctx->radius;
725   size_t         len;
726   char           fname[128] = ""; /* we can add a file if we want */
727 
728   PetscFunctionBegin;
729   /* create DM */
730   ierr = PetscStrlen(fname, &len);CHKERRQ(ierr);
731   if (len) {
732     PetscInt dim2;
733     ierr = DMPlexCreateFromFile(comm, fname, ctx->interpolate, dm);CHKERRQ(ierr);
734     ierr = DMGetDimension(*dm, &dim2);CHKERRQ(ierr);
735     if (LANDAU_DIM != dim2) SETERRQ2(comm, PETSC_ERR_PLIB, "dim %D != LANDAU_DIM %d",dim2,LANDAU_DIM);
736   } else {    /* p4est, quads */
737     /* Create plex mesh of Landau domain */
738     if (!ctx->sphere) {
739       PetscInt       cells[] = {2,2,2};
740       PetscReal      lo[] = {-radius,-radius,-radius}, hi[] = {radius,radius,radius};
741       DMBoundaryType periodicity[3] = {DM_BOUNDARY_NONE, dim==2 ? DM_BOUNDARY_NONE : DM_BOUNDARY_NONE, DM_BOUNDARY_NONE};
742       if (dim==2) { lo[0] = 0; cells[0] = 1; }
743       ierr = DMPlexCreateBoxMesh(comm, dim, PETSC_FALSE, cells, lo, hi, periodicity, PETSC_TRUE, dm);CHKERRQ(ierr);
744       ierr = DMLocalizeCoordinates(*dm);CHKERRQ(ierr); /* needed for periodic */
745       if (dim==3) {ierr = PetscObjectSetName((PetscObject) *dm, "cube");CHKERRQ(ierr);}
746       else {ierr = PetscObjectSetName((PetscObject) *dm, "half-plane");CHKERRQ(ierr);}
747     } else if (dim==2) {
748       PetscInt       numCells,cells[16][4],i,j;
749       PetscInt       numVerts;
750       PetscReal      inner_radius1 = ctx->i_radius, inner_radius2 = ctx->e_radius;
751       PetscReal      *flatCoords = NULL;
752       PetscInt       *flatCells = NULL, *pcell;
753       if (ctx->num_sections==2) {
754 #if 1
755         numCells = 5;
756         numVerts = 10;
757         int cells2[][4] = { {0,1,4,3},
758                             {1,2,5,4},
759                             {3,4,7,6},
760                             {4,5,8,7},
761                             {6,7,8,9} };
762         for (i = 0; i < numCells; i++) for (j = 0; j < 4; j++) cells[i][j] = cells2[i][j];
763         ierr = PetscMalloc2(numVerts * 2, &flatCoords, numCells * 4, &flatCells);CHKERRQ(ierr);
764         {
765           PetscReal (*coords)[2] = (PetscReal (*) [2]) flatCoords;
766           for (j = 0; j < numVerts-1; j++) {
767             PetscReal z, r, theta = -PETSC_PI/2 + (j%3) * PETSC_PI/2;
768             PetscReal rad = (j >= 6) ? inner_radius1 : (j >= 3) ? inner_radius2 : ctx->radius;
769             z = rad * PetscSinReal(theta);
770             coords[j][1] = z;
771             r = rad * PetscCosReal(theta);
772             coords[j][0] = r;
773           }
774           coords[numVerts-1][0] = coords[numVerts-1][1] = 0;
775         }
776 #else
777         numCells = 4;
778         numVerts = 8;
779         static int     cells2[][4] = {{0,1,2,3},
780                                       {4,5,1,0},
781                                       {5,6,2,1},
782                                       {6,7,3,2}};
783         for (i = 0; i < numCells; i++) for (j = 0; j < 4; j++) cells[i][j] = cells2[i][j];
784         ierr = loc2(numVerts * 2, &flatCoords, numCells * 4, &flatCells);CHKERRQ(ierr);
785         {
786           PetscReal (*coords)[2] = (PetscReal (*) [2]) flatCoords;
787           PetscInt j;
788           for (j = 0; j < 8; j++) {
789             PetscReal z, r;
790             PetscReal theta = -PETSC_PI/2 + (j%4) * PETSC_PI/3.;
791             PetscReal rad = ctx->radius * ((j < 4) ? 0.5 : 1.0);
792             z = rad * PetscSinReal(theta);
793             coords[j][1] = z;
794             r = rad * PetscCosReal(theta);
795             coords[j][0] = r;
796           }
797         }
798 #endif
799       } else if (ctx->num_sections==3) {
800         numCells = 7;
801         numVerts = 12;
802         int cells2[][4] = { {0,1,5,4},
803                             {1,2,6,5},
804                             {2,3,7,6},
805                             {4,5,9,8},
806                             {5,6,10,9},
807                             {6,7,11,10},
808                             {8,9,10,11} };
809         for (i = 0; i < numCells; i++) for (j = 0; j < 4; j++) cells[i][j] = cells2[i][j];
810         ierr = PetscMalloc2(numVerts * 2, &flatCoords, numCells * 4, &flatCells);CHKERRQ(ierr);
811         {
812           PetscReal (*coords)[2] = (PetscReal (*) [2]) flatCoords;
813           for (j = 0; j < numVerts; j++) {
814             PetscReal z, r, theta = -PETSC_PI/2 + (j%4) * PETSC_PI/3;
815             PetscReal rad = (j >= 8) ? inner_radius1 : (j >= 4) ? inner_radius2 : ctx->radius;
816             z = rad * PetscSinReal(theta);
817             coords[j][1] = z;
818             r = rad * PetscCosReal(theta);
819             coords[j][0] = r;
820           }
821         }
822       } else if (ctx->num_sections==4) {
823         numCells = 10;
824         numVerts = 16;
825         int cells2[][4] = { {0,1,6,5},
826                             {1,2,7,6},
827                             {2,3,8,7},
828                             {3,4,9,8},
829                             {5,6,11,10},
830                             {6,7,12,11},
831                             {7,8,13,12},
832                             {8,9,14,13},
833                             {10,11,12,15},
834                             {12,13,14,15}};
835         for (i = 0; i < numCells; i++) for (j = 0; j < 4; j++) cells[i][j] = cells2[i][j];
836         ierr = PetscMalloc2(numVerts * 2, &flatCoords, numCells * 4, &flatCells);CHKERRQ(ierr);
837         {
838           PetscReal (*coords)[2] = (PetscReal (*) [2]) flatCoords;
839           for (j = 0; j < numVerts-1; j++) {
840             PetscReal z, r, theta = -PETSC_PI/2 + (j%5) * PETSC_PI/4;
841             PetscReal rad = (j >= 10) ? inner_radius1 : (j >= 5) ? inner_radius2 : ctx->radius;
842             z = rad * PetscSinReal(theta);
843             coords[j][1] = z;
844             r = rad * PetscCosReal(theta);
845             coords[j][0] = r;
846           }
847           coords[numVerts-1][0] = coords[numVerts-1][1] = 0;
848         }
849       } else {
850         numCells = 0;
851         numVerts = 0;
852       }
853       for (j = 0, pcell = flatCells; j < numCells; j++, pcell += 4) {
854         pcell[0] = cells[j][0]; pcell[1] = cells[j][1];
855         pcell[2] = cells[j][2]; pcell[3] = cells[j][3];
856       }
857       ierr = DMPlexCreateFromCellListPetsc(comm,2,numCells,numVerts,4,ctx->interpolate,flatCells,2,flatCoords,dm);CHKERRQ(ierr);
858       ierr = PetscFree2(flatCoords,flatCells);CHKERRQ(ierr);
859       ierr = PetscObjectSetName((PetscObject) *dm, "semi-circle");CHKERRQ(ierr);
860     } else SETERRQ(ctx->comm, PETSC_ERR_PLIB, "Velocity space meshes does not support cubed sphere");
861   }
862   ierr = PetscObjectSetOptionsPrefix((PetscObject)*dm,prefix);CHKERRQ(ierr);
863 
864   ierr = DMSetFromOptions(*dm);CHKERRQ(ierr); /* Plex refine */
865 
866   { /* p4est? */
867     char      convType[256];
868     PetscBool flg;
869     ierr = PetscOptionsBegin(ctx->comm, prefix, "Mesh conversion options", "DMPLEX");CHKERRQ(ierr);
870     ierr = PetscOptionsFList("-dm_landau_type","Convert DMPlex to another format (should not be Plex!)","plexland.c",DMList,DMPLEX,convType,256,&flg);CHKERRQ(ierr);
871     ierr = PetscOptionsEnd();
872     if (flg) {
873       DM dmforest;
874       ierr = DMConvert(*dm,convType,&dmforest);CHKERRQ(ierr);
875       if (dmforest) {
876         PetscBool isForest;
877         if (dmforest->prealloc_only != (*dm)->prealloc_only) SETERRQ(PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)dm),PETSC_ERR_SUP,"plex->prealloc_only != dm->prealloc_only");
878         ierr = PetscObjectSetOptionsPrefix((PetscObject)dmforest,prefix);CHKERRQ(ierr);
879         ierr = DMIsForest(dmforest,&isForest);CHKERRQ(ierr);
880         if (isForest) {
881           if (ctx->sphere && ctx->inflate) {
882             ierr = DMForestSetBaseCoordinateMapping(dmforest,GeometryDMLandau,ctx);CHKERRQ(ierr);
883           }
884           if (dmforest->prealloc_only != (*dm)->prealloc_only) SETERRQ(PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)dm),PETSC_ERR_SUP,"plex->prealloc_only != dm->prealloc_only");
885           ierr = DMDestroy(dm);CHKERRQ(ierr);
886           *dm = dmforest;
887           ctx->errorIndicator = ErrorIndicator_Simple; /* flag for Forest */
888         } else SETERRQ(ctx->comm, PETSC_ERR_USER, "Converted to non Forest?");
889       } else SETERRQ(ctx->comm, PETSC_ERR_USER, "Convert failed?");
890     }
891   }
892   ierr = PetscObjectSetName((PetscObject) *dm, "Mesh");CHKERRQ(ierr);
893   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
894 }
895 
896 static PetscErrorCode SetupDS(DM dm, PetscInt dim, LandauCtx *ctx)
897 {
898   PetscErrorCode  ierr;
899   PetscInt        ii;
900   PetscFunctionBegin;
901   for (ii=0;ii<ctx->num_species;ii++) {
902     char     buf[256];
903     if (ii==0) ierr = PetscSNPrintf(buf, 256, "e");
904     else {ierr = PetscSNPrintf(buf, 256, "i%D", ii);CHKERRQ(ierr);}
905     /* Setup Discretization - FEM */
906     ierr = PetscFECreateDefault(PetscObjectComm((PetscObject) dm), dim, 1, PETSC_FALSE, NULL, PETSC_DECIDE, &ctx->fe[ii]);CHKERRQ(ierr);
907     ierr = PetscObjectSetName((PetscObject) ctx->fe[ii], buf);CHKERRQ(ierr);
908     ierr = DMSetField(dm, ii, NULL, (PetscObject) ctx->fe[ii]);CHKERRQ(ierr);
909   }
910   ierr = DMCreateDS(dm);CHKERRQ(ierr);
911   if (1) {
912     PetscInt        ii;
913     PetscSection    section;
914     ierr = DMGetSection(dm, &section);CHKERRQ(ierr);
915     for (ii=0;ii<ctx->num_species;ii++){
916       char buf[256];
917       if (ii==0) ierr = PetscSNPrintf(buf, 256, "se");
918       else ierr = PetscSNPrintf(buf, 256, "si%D", ii);
919       ierr = PetscSectionSetComponentName(section, ii, 0, buf);CHKERRQ(ierr);
920     }
921   }
922   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
923 }
924 
925 /* Define a Maxwellian function for testing out the operator. */
926 
927 /* Using cartesian velocity space coordinates, the particle */
928 /* density, [1/m^3], is defined according to */
929 
930 /* $$ n=\int_{R^3} dv^3 \left(\frac{m}{2\pi T}\right)^{3/2}\exp [- mv^2/(2T)] $$ */
931 
932 /* Using some constant, c, we normalize the velocity vector into a */
933 /* dimensionless variable according to v=c*x. Thus the density, $n$, becomes */
934 
935 /* $$ n=\int_{R^3} dx^3 \left(\frac{mc^2}{2\pi T}\right)^{3/2}\exp [- mc^2/(2T)*x^2] $$ */
936 
937 /* Defining $\theta=2T/mc^2$, we thus find that the probability density */
938 /* for finding the particle within the interval in a box dx^3 around x is */
939 
940 /* f(x;\theta)=\left(\frac{1}{\pi\theta}\right)^{3/2} \exp [ -x^2/\theta ] */
941 
942 typedef struct {
943   LandauCtx   *ctx;
944   PetscReal kT_m;
945   PetscReal n;
946   PetscReal shift;
947 } MaxwellianCtx;
948 
949 static PetscErrorCode maxwellian(PetscInt dim, PetscReal time, const PetscReal x[], PetscInt Nf_dummy, PetscScalar *u, void *actx)
950 {
951   MaxwellianCtx *mctx = (MaxwellianCtx*)actx;
952   LandauCtx     *ctx = mctx->ctx;
953   PetscInt      i;
954   PetscReal     v2 = 0, theta = 2*mctx->kT_m/(ctx->v_0*ctx->v_0); /* theta = 2kT/mc^2 */
955   PetscFunctionBegin;
956   /* compute the exponents, v^2 */
957   for (i = 0; i < dim; ++i) v2 += x[i]*x[i];
958   /* evaluate the Maxwellian */
959   u[0] = mctx->n*PetscPowReal(PETSC_PI*theta,-1.5)*(PetscExpReal(-v2/theta));
960   if (mctx->shift!=0.) {
961     v2 = 0;
962     for (i = 0; i < dim-1; ++i) v2 += x[i]*x[i];
963     v2 += (x[dim-1]-mctx->shift)*(x[dim-1]-mctx->shift);
964     /* evaluate the shifted Maxwellian */
965     u[0] += mctx->n*PetscPowReal(PETSC_PI*theta,-1.5)*(PetscExpReal(-v2/theta));
966   }
967   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
968 }
969 
970 /*@
971  LandauAddMaxwellians - Add a Maxwellian distribution to a state
972 
973  Collective on X
974 
975  Input Parameters:
976  .   dm - The mesh
977  +   time - Current time
978  -   temps - Temperatures of each species
979  .   ns - Number density of each species
980  +   actx - Landau context
981 
982  Output Parameter:
983  .   X  - The state
984 
985  Level: beginner
986 
987  .keywords: mesh
988  .seealso: LandauCreateVelocitySpace()
989  @*/
990 PetscErrorCode LandauAddMaxwellians(DM dm, Vec X, PetscReal time, PetscReal temps[], PetscReal ns[], void *actx)
991 {
992   LandauCtx      *ctx = (LandauCtx*)actx;
993   PetscErrorCode (*initu[LANDAU_MAX_SPECIES])(PetscInt, PetscReal, const PetscReal [], PetscInt, PetscScalar [], void *);
994   PetscErrorCode ierr,ii;
995   PetscInt       dim;
996   MaxwellianCtx  *mctxs[LANDAU_MAX_SPECIES], data[LANDAU_MAX_SPECIES];
997 
998   PetscFunctionBegin;
999   ierr = DMGetDimension(dm, &dim);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1000   if (!ctx) { ierr = DMGetApplicationContext(dm, &ctx);CHKERRQ(ierr); }
1001   for (ii=0;ii<ctx->num_species;ii++) {
1002     mctxs[ii] = &data[ii];
1003     data[ii].ctx = ctx;
1004     data[ii].kT_m = ctx->k*temps[ii]/ctx->masses[ii]; /* kT/m */
1005     data[ii].n = ns[ii];
1006     initu[ii] = maxwellian;
1007     data[ii].shift = 0;
1008   }
1009   data[0].shift = ctx->electronShift;
1010   /* need to make ADD_ALL_VALUES work - TODO */
1011   ierr = DMProjectFunction(dm, time, initu, (void**)mctxs, INSERT_ALL_VALUES, X);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1012   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
1013 }
1014 
1015 /*
1016  LandauSetInitialCondition - Addes Maxwellians with context
1017 
1018  Collective on X
1019 
1020  Input Parameters:
1021  .   dm - The mesh
1022  +   actx - Landau context with T and n
1023 
1024  Output Parameter:
1025  .   X  - The state
1026 
1027  Level: beginner
1028 
1029  .keywords: mesh
1030  .seealso: LandauCreateVelocitySpace(), LandauAddMaxwellians()
1031  */
1032 static PetscErrorCode LandauSetInitialCondition(DM dm, Vec X, void *actx)
1033 {
1034   LandauCtx        *ctx = (LandauCtx*)actx;
1035   PetscErrorCode ierr;
1036   PetscFunctionBegin;
1037   if (!ctx) { ierr = DMGetApplicationContext(dm, &ctx);CHKERRQ(ierr); }
1038   ierr = VecZeroEntries(X);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1039   ierr = LandauAddMaxwellians(dm, X, 0.0, ctx->thermal_temps, ctx->n, ctx);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1040   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
1041 }
1042 
1043 static PetscErrorCode adaptToleranceFEM(PetscFE fem, Vec sol, PetscReal refineTol[], PetscReal coarsenTol[], PetscInt type, LandauCtx *ctx, DM *newDM)
1044 {
1045   DM               dm, plex, adaptedDM = NULL;
1046   PetscDS          prob;
1047   PetscBool        isForest;
1048   PetscQuadrature  quad;
1049   PetscInt         Nq, *Nb, cStart, cEnd, c, dim, qj, k;
1050   DMLabel          adaptLabel = NULL;
1051   PetscErrorCode   ierr;
1052 
1053   PetscFunctionBegin;
1054   ierr = VecGetDM(sol, &dm);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1055   ierr = DMCreateDS(dm);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1056   ierr = DMGetDS(dm, &prob);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1057   ierr = DMGetDimension(dm, &dim);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1058   ierr = DMIsForest(dm, &isForest);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1059   ierr = DMConvert(dm, DMPLEX, &plex);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1060   ierr = DMPlexGetHeightStratum(plex,0,&cStart,&cEnd);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1061   ierr = DMLabelCreate(PETSC_COMM_SELF,"adapt",&adaptLabel);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1062   ierr = PetscFEGetQuadrature(fem, &quad);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1063   ierr = PetscQuadratureGetData(quad, NULL, NULL, &Nq, NULL, NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1064   if (Nq >LANDAU_MAX_NQ) SETERRQ2(ctx->comm,PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONG,"Order too high. Nq = %D > LANDAU_MAX_NQ (%D)",Nq,LANDAU_MAX_NQ);
1065   ierr = PetscDSGetDimensions(prob, &Nb);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1066   if (type==4) {
1067     for (c = cStart; c < cEnd; c++) {
1068       ierr = DMLabelSetValue(adaptLabel, c, DM_ADAPT_REFINE);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1069     }
1070     ierr = PetscInfo1(sol, "Phase:%s: Uniform refinement\n","adaptToleranceFEM");CHKERRQ(ierr);
1071   } else if (type==2) {
1072     PetscInt  rCellIdx[8], eCellIdx[64], iCellIdx[64], eMaxIdx = -1, iMaxIdx = -1, nr = 0, nrmax = (dim==3) ? 8 : 2;
1073     PetscReal minRad = PETSC_INFINITY, r, eMinRad = PETSC_INFINITY, iMinRad = PETSC_INFINITY;
1074     for (c = 0; c < 64; c++) { eCellIdx[c] = iCellIdx[c] = -1; }
1075     for (c = cStart; c < cEnd; c++) {
1076       PetscReal    tt, v0[LANDAU_MAX_NQ*3], detJ[LANDAU_MAX_NQ];
1077       ierr = DMPlexComputeCellGeometryFEM(plex, c, quad, v0, NULL, NULL, detJ);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1078       for (qj = 0; qj < Nq; ++qj) {
1079         tt = PetscSqr(v0[dim*qj+0]) + PetscSqr(v0[dim*qj+1]) + PetscSqr(((dim==3) ? v0[dim*qj+2] : 0));
1080         r = PetscSqrtReal(tt);
1081         if (r < minRad - PETSC_SQRT_MACHINE_EPSILON*10.) {
1082           minRad = r;
1083           nr = 0;
1084           rCellIdx[nr++]= c;
1085           ierr = PetscInfo4(sol, "\t\tPhase: adaptToleranceFEM Found first inner r=%e, cell %D, qp %D/%D\n", r, c, qj+1, Nq);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1086         } else if ((r-minRad) < PETSC_SQRT_MACHINE_EPSILON*100. && nr < nrmax) {
1087           for (k=0;k<nr;k++) if (c == rCellIdx[k]) break;
1088           if (k==nr) {
1089             rCellIdx[nr++]= c;
1090             ierr = PetscInfo5(sol, "\t\t\tPhase: adaptToleranceFEM Found another inner r=%e, cell %D, qp %D/%D, d=%e\n", r, c, qj+1, Nq, r-minRad);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1091           }
1092         }
1093         if (ctx->sphere) {
1094           if ((tt=r-ctx->e_radius) > 0) {
1095             PetscInfo2(sol, "\t\t\t %D cell r=%g\n",c,tt);
1096             if (tt < eMinRad - PETSC_SQRT_MACHINE_EPSILON*100.) {
1097               eMinRad = tt;
1098               eMaxIdx = 0;
1099               eCellIdx[eMaxIdx++] = c;
1100             } else if (eMaxIdx > 0 && (tt-eMinRad) <= PETSC_SQRT_MACHINE_EPSILON && c != eCellIdx[eMaxIdx-1]) {
1101               eCellIdx[eMaxIdx++] = c;
1102             }
1103           }
1104           if ((tt=r-ctx->i_radius) > 0) {
1105             if (tt < iMinRad - 1.e-5) {
1106               iMinRad = tt;
1107               iMaxIdx = 0;
1108               iCellIdx[iMaxIdx++] = c;
1109             } else if (iMaxIdx > 0 && (tt-iMinRad) <= PETSC_SQRT_MACHINE_EPSILON && c != iCellIdx[iMaxIdx-1]) {
1110               iCellIdx[iMaxIdx++] = c;
1111             }
1112           }
1113         }
1114       }
1115     }
1116     for (k=0;k<nr;k++) {
1117       ierr = DMLabelSetValue(adaptLabel, rCellIdx[k], DM_ADAPT_REFINE);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1118     }
1119     if (ctx->sphere) {
1120       for (c = 0; c < eMaxIdx; c++) {
1121         ierr = DMLabelSetValue(adaptLabel, eCellIdx[c], DM_ADAPT_REFINE);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1122         ierr = PetscInfo3(sol, "\t\tPhase:%s: refine sphere e cell %D r=%g\n","adaptToleranceFEM",eCellIdx[c],eMinRad);
1123       }
1124       for (c = 0; c < iMaxIdx; c++) {
1125         ierr = DMLabelSetValue(adaptLabel, iCellIdx[c], DM_ADAPT_REFINE);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1126         ierr = PetscInfo3(sol, "\t\tPhase:%s: refine sphere i cell %D r=%g\n","adaptToleranceFEM",iCellIdx[c],iMinRad);
1127       }
1128     }
1129     ierr = PetscInfo4(sol, "Phase:%s: Adaptive refine origin cells %D,%D r=%g\n","adaptToleranceFEM",rCellIdx[0],rCellIdx[1],minRad);
1130   } else if (type==0 || type==1 || type==3) { /* refine along r=0 axis */
1131     PetscScalar  *coef = NULL;
1132     Vec          coords;
1133     PetscInt     csize,Nv,d,nz;
1134     DM           cdm;
1135     PetscSection cs;
1136     ierr = DMGetCoordinatesLocal(dm, &coords);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1137     ierr = DMGetCoordinateDM(dm, &cdm);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1138     ierr = DMGetLocalSection(cdm, &cs);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1139     for (c = cStart; c < cEnd; c++) {
1140       PetscInt doit = 0, outside = 0;
1141       ierr = DMPlexVecGetClosure(cdm, cs, coords, c, &csize, &coef);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1142       Nv = csize/dim;
1143       for (nz = d = 0; d < Nv; d++) {
1144         PetscReal z = PetscRealPart(coef[d*dim + (dim-1)]), x = PetscSqr(PetscRealPart(coef[d*dim + 0])) + ((dim==3) ? PetscSqr(PetscRealPart(coef[d*dim + 1])) : 0);
1145         x = PetscSqrtReal(x);
1146         if (x < PETSC_MACHINE_EPSILON*10. && PetscAbs(z)<PETSC_MACHINE_EPSILON*10.) doit = 1;             /* refine origin */
1147         else if (type==0 && (z < -PETSC_MACHINE_EPSILON*10. || z > ctx->re_radius+PETSC_MACHINE_EPSILON*10.)) outside++;   /* first pass don't refine bottom */
1148         else if (type==1 && (z > ctx->vperp0_radius1 || z < -ctx->vperp0_radius1)) outside++; /* don't refine outside electron refine radius */
1149         else if (type==3 && (z > ctx->vperp0_radius2 || z < -ctx->vperp0_radius2)) outside++; /* don't refine outside ion refine radius */
1150         if (x < PETSC_MACHINE_EPSILON*10.) nz++;
1151       }
1152       ierr = DMPlexVecRestoreClosure(cdm, cs, coords, c, &csize, &coef);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1153       if (doit || (outside<Nv && nz)) {
1154         ierr = DMLabelSetValue(adaptLabel, c, DM_ADAPT_REFINE);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1155       }
1156     }
1157     ierr = PetscInfo1(sol, "Phase:%s: RE refinement\n","adaptToleranceFEM");
1158   }
1159   ierr = DMDestroy(&plex);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1160   ierr = DMAdaptLabel(dm, adaptLabel, &adaptedDM);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1161   ierr = DMLabelDestroy(&adaptLabel);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1162   *newDM = adaptedDM;
1163   if (adaptedDM) {
1164     if (isForest) {
1165       ierr = DMForestSetAdaptivityForest(adaptedDM,NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1166     }
1167     ierr = DMConvert(adaptedDM, DMPLEX, &plex);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1168     ierr = DMPlexGetHeightStratum(plex,0,&cStart,&cEnd);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1169     ierr = PetscInfo2(sol, "\tPhase: adaptToleranceFEM: %D cells, %d total quadrature points\n",cEnd-cStart,Nq*(cEnd-cStart));CHKERRQ(ierr);
1170     ierr = DMDestroy(&plex);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1171   }
1172   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
1173 }
1174 
1175 static PetscErrorCode adapt(DM *dm, LandauCtx *ctx, Vec *uu)
1176 {
1177   PetscErrorCode  ierr;
1178   PetscInt        type, limits[5] = {ctx->numRERefine,ctx->nZRefine1,ctx->maxRefIts,ctx->nZRefine2,ctx->postAMRRefine};
1179   PetscInt        adaptIter;
1180 
1181   PetscFunctionBegin;
1182   for (type=0;type<5;type++) {
1183     for (adaptIter = 0; adaptIter<limits[type];adaptIter++) {
1184       DM  dmNew = NULL;
1185       ierr = adaptToleranceFEM(ctx->fe[0], *uu, ctx->refineTol, ctx->coarsenTol, type, ctx, &dmNew);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1186       if (!dmNew) SETERRQ(ctx->comm,PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONG,"should not happen");
1187       else {
1188         ierr = DMDestroy(dm);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1189         ierr = VecDestroy(uu);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1190         ierr = DMCreateGlobalVector(dmNew,uu);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1191         ierr = PetscObjectSetName((PetscObject) *uu, "u");CHKERRQ(ierr);
1192         ierr = LandauSetInitialCondition(dmNew, *uu, ctx);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1193         *dm = dmNew;
1194       }
1195     }
1196   }
1197   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
1198 }
1199 
1200 static PetscErrorCode ProcessOptions(LandauCtx *ctx, const char prefix[])
1201 {
1202   PetscErrorCode    ierr;
1203   PetscBool         flg, sph_flg;
1204   PetscInt          ii,nt,nm,nc;
1205   DM                dummy;
1206 
1207   PetscFunctionBegin;
1208   ierr = DMCreate(ctx->comm,&dummy);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1209   /* get options - initialize context */
1210   ctx->verbose = 1;
1211   ctx->interpolate = PETSC_TRUE;
1212   ctx->gpu_assembly = PETSC_TRUE;
1213   ctx->sphere = PETSC_FALSE;
1214   ctx->inflate = PETSC_FALSE;
1215   ctx->electronShift = 0;
1216   ctx->errorIndicator = NULL;
1217   ctx->radius = 5.; /* electron thermal radius (velocity) */
1218   ctx->re_radius = 0.;
1219   ctx->vperp0_radius1 = 0;
1220   ctx->vperp0_radius2 = 0;
1221   ctx->e_radius = .1;
1222   ctx->i_radius = .01;
1223   ctx->maxRefIts = 5;
1224   ctx->postAMRRefine = 0;
1225   ctx->nZRefine1 = 0;
1226   ctx->nZRefine2 = 0;
1227   ctx->numRERefine = 0;
1228   ctx->aux_bool = PETSC_FALSE;
1229   ctx->num_sections = 3; /* 2, 3 or 4 */
1230   /* species - [0] electrons, [1] one ion species eg, duetarium, [2] heavy impurity ion, ... */
1231   ctx->charges[0] = -1;  /* electron charge (MKS) */
1232   ctx->masses[0] = 1/1835.5; /* temporary value in proton mass */
1233   ctx->n[0] = 1;
1234   ctx->thermal_temps[0] = 1;
1235   /* constants, etc. */
1236   ctx->epsilon0 = 8.8542e-12; /* permittivity of free space (MKS) F/m */
1237   ctx->k = 1.38064852e-23; /* Boltzmann constant (MKS) J/K */
1238   ctx->lnLam = 10;         /* cross section ratio large - small angle collisions */
1239   ctx->n_0 = 1.e20;        /* typical plasma n, but could set it to 1 */
1240   ctx->Ez = 0;
1241   ctx->v_0 = 1; /* in electron thermal velocity */
1242   ctx->subThreadBlockSize = 1; /* for device and maybe OMP */
1243   ctx->numConcurrency = 1; /* for device */
1244   ctx->SData_d = NULL;     /* for device */
1245   ctx->times[0] = 0;
1246   ctx->init = PETSC_FALSE; // doit first time
1247   ctx->use_matrix_mass = PETSC_FALSE; /* fast but slightly fragile */
1248   ctx->plex = NULL;     /* cache as expensive to Convert */
1249   ierr = PetscOptionsBegin(ctx->comm, prefix, "Options for Fokker-Plank-Landau collision operator", "none");CHKERRQ(ierr);
1250   {
1251     char opstring[256];
1252 #if defined(PETSC_HAVE_KOKKOS)
1253     ctx->deviceType = LANDAU_KOKKOS;
1254     ierr = PetscStrcpy(opstring,"kokkos");CHKERRQ(ierr);
1255 #if defined(PETSC_HAVE_CUDA)
1256     ctx->subThreadBlockSize = 16;
1257 #endif
1258 #elif defined(PETSC_HAVE_CUDA)
1259     ctx->deviceType = LANDAU_CUDA;
1260     ierr = PetscStrcpy(opstring,"cuda");CHKERRQ(ierr);
1261 #else
1262     ctx->deviceType = LANDAU_CPU;
1263     ierr = PetscStrcpy(opstring,"cpu");CHKERRQ(ierr);
1264     ctx->subThreadBlockSize = 0;
1265 #endif
1266     ierr = PetscOptionsString("-dm_landau_device_type","Use kernels on 'cpu', 'cuda', or 'kokkos'","plexland.c",opstring,opstring,256,NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1267     ierr = PetscStrcmp("cpu",opstring,&flg);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1268     if (flg) {
1269       ctx->deviceType = LANDAU_CPU;
1270       ctx->subThreadBlockSize = 0;
1271     } else {
1272       ierr = PetscStrcmp("cuda",opstring,&flg);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1273       if (flg) {
1274         ctx->deviceType = LANDAU_CUDA;
1275         ctx->subThreadBlockSize = 0;
1276       } else {
1277         ierr = PetscStrcmp("kokkos",opstring,&flg);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1278         if (flg) ctx->deviceType = LANDAU_KOKKOS;
1279         else SETERRQ1(ctx->comm,PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONG,"-dm_landau_device_type %s",opstring);
1280       }
1281     }
1282   }
1283   ierr = PetscOptionsBool("-dm_landau_gpu_assembly", "Assemble Jacobian on GPU", "plexland.c", ctx->gpu_assembly, &ctx->gpu_assembly, NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1284   ierr = PetscOptionsReal("-dm_landau_electron_shift","Shift in thermal velocity of electrons","none",ctx->electronShift,&ctx->electronShift, NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1285   ierr = PetscOptionsBool("-dm_landau_sphere", "use sphere/semi-circle domain instead of rectangle", "plexland.c", ctx->sphere, &ctx->sphere, &sph_flg);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1286   ierr = PetscOptionsBool("-dm_landau_inflate", "With sphere, inflate for curved edges (no AMR)", "plexland.c", ctx->inflate, &ctx->inflate, NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1287   ierr = PetscOptionsInt("-dm_landau_amr_re_levels", "Number of levels to refine along v_perp=0, z>0", "plexland.c", ctx->numRERefine, &ctx->numRERefine, NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1288   ierr = PetscOptionsInt("-dm_landau_amr_z_refine1",  "Number of levels to refine along v_perp=0", "plexland.c", ctx->nZRefine1, &ctx->nZRefine1, NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1289   ierr = PetscOptionsInt("-dm_landau_amr_z_refine2",  "Number of levels to refine along v_perp=0", "plexland.c", ctx->nZRefine2, &ctx->nZRefine2, NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1290   ierr = PetscOptionsInt("-dm_landau_amr_levels_max", "Number of AMR levels of refinement around origin after r=0 refinements", "plexland.c", ctx->maxRefIts, &ctx->maxRefIts, NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1291   ierr = PetscOptionsInt("-dm_landau_amr_post_refine", "Number of levels to uniformly refine after AMR", "plexland.c", ctx->postAMRRefine, &ctx->postAMRRefine, NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1292   ierr = PetscOptionsInt("-dm_landau_verbose", "", "plexland.c", ctx->verbose, &ctx->verbose, NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1293   ierr = PetscOptionsReal("-dm_landau_re_radius","velocity range to refine on positive (z>0) r=0 axis for runaways","plexland.c",ctx->re_radius,&ctx->re_radius, &flg);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1294   ierr = PetscOptionsReal("-dm_landau_z_radius1","velocity range to refine r=0 axis (for electrons)","plexland.c",ctx->vperp0_radius1,&ctx->vperp0_radius1, &flg);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1295   ierr = PetscOptionsReal("-dm_landau_z_radius2","velocity range to refine r=0 axis (for ions) after origin AMR","plexland.c",ctx->vperp0_radius2,&ctx->vperp0_radius2, &flg);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1296   ierr = PetscOptionsReal("-dm_landau_Ez","Initial parallel electric field in unites of Conner-Hastie criticle field","plexland.c",ctx->Ez,&ctx->Ez, NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1297   ierr = PetscOptionsReal("-dm_landau_n_0","Normalization constant for number density","plexland.c",ctx->n_0,&ctx->n_0, NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1298   ierr = PetscOptionsReal("-dm_landau_ln_lambda","Cross section parameter","plexland.c",ctx->lnLam,&ctx->lnLam, NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1299   ierr = PetscOptionsInt("-dm_landau_num_sections", "Number of tangential section in (2D) grid, 2, 3, of 4", "plexland.c", ctx->num_sections, &ctx->num_sections, NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1300   ierr = PetscOptionsInt("-dm_landau_num_thread_teams", "The number of other concurrent runs to make room for", "plexland.c", ctx->numConcurrency, &ctx->numConcurrency, NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1301   ierr = PetscOptionsBool("-dm_landau_use_mataxpy_mass", "Use fast but slightly fragile MATAXPY to add mass term", "plexland.c", ctx->use_matrix_mass, &ctx->use_matrix_mass, NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1302 
1303   /* get num species with tempurature*/
1304   {
1305     PetscReal arr[100];
1306     nt = 100;
1307     ierr = PetscOptionsRealArray("-dm_landau_thermal_temps", "Temperature of each species [e,i_0,i_1,...] in keV", "plexland.c", arr, &nt, &flg);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1308     if (flg && nt > LANDAU_MAX_SPECIES) SETERRQ2(ctx->comm,PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONG,"-thermal_temps ,t1,t2,.. number of species %D > MAX %D",nt,LANDAU_MAX_SPECIES);
1309   }
1310   nt = LANDAU_MAX_SPECIES;
1311   for (ii=1;ii<LANDAU_MAX_SPECIES;ii++) {
1312     ctx->thermal_temps[ii] = 1.;
1313     ctx->charges[ii] = 1;
1314     ctx->masses[ii] = 1;
1315     ctx->n[ii] = (ii==1) ? 1 : 0;
1316   }
1317   ierr = PetscOptionsRealArray("-dm_landau_thermal_temps", "Temperature of each species [e,i_0,i_1,...] in keV (must be set to set number of species)", "plexland.c", ctx->thermal_temps, &nt, &flg);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1318   if (flg) {
1319     PetscInfo1(dummy, "num_species set to number of thermal temps provided (%D)\n",nt);
1320     ctx->num_species = nt;
1321   } else SETERRQ(ctx->comm,PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONG,"-dm_landau_thermal_temps ,t1,t2,.. must be provided to set the number of species");
1322   for (ii=0;ii<ctx->num_species;ii++) ctx->thermal_temps[ii] *= 1.1604525e7; /* convert to Kelvin */
1323   nm = LANDAU_MAX_SPECIES-1;
1324   ierr = PetscOptionsRealArray("-dm_landau_ion_masses", "Mass of each species in units of proton mass [i_0=2,i_1=40...]", "plexland.c", &ctx->masses[1], &nm, &flg);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1325   if (flg && nm != ctx->num_species-1) {
1326     SETERRQ2(ctx->comm,PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONG,"num ion masses %D != num species %D",nm,ctx->num_species-1);
1327   }
1328   nm = LANDAU_MAX_SPECIES;
1329   ierr = PetscOptionsRealArray("-dm_landau_n", "Normalized (by -n_0) number density of each species", "plexland.c", ctx->n, &nm, &flg);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1330   if (flg && nm != ctx->num_species) SETERRQ2(ctx->comm,PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONG,"wrong num n: %D != num species %D",nm,ctx->num_species);
1331   ctx->n_0 *= ctx->n[0]; /* normalized number density */
1332   for (ii=1;ii<ctx->num_species;ii++) ctx->n[ii] = ctx->n[ii]/ctx->n[0];
1333   ctx->n[0] = 1;
1334   for (ii=0;ii<LANDAU_MAX_SPECIES;ii++) ctx->masses[ii] *= 1.6720e-27; /* scale by proton mass kg */
1335   ctx->masses[0] = 9.10938356e-31; /* electron mass kg (should be about right already) */
1336   ctx->m_0 = ctx->masses[0]; /* arbitrary reference mass, electrons */
1337   ierr = PetscOptionsReal("-dm_landau_v_0","Velocity to normalize with in units of initial electrons thermal velocity (not recommended to change default)","plexland.c",ctx->v_0,&ctx->v_0, NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1338   ctx->v_0 *= PetscSqrtReal(ctx->k*ctx->thermal_temps[0]/(ctx->masses[0])); /* electron mean velocity in 1D (need 3D form in computing T from FE integral) */
1339   nc = LANDAU_MAX_SPECIES-1;
1340   ierr = PetscOptionsRealArray("-dm_landau_ion_charges", "Charge of each species in units of proton charge [i_0=2,i_1=18,...]", "plexland.c", &ctx->charges[1], &nc, &flg);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1341   if (flg && nc != ctx->num_species-1) SETERRQ2(ctx->comm,PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONG,"num charges %D != num species %D",nc,ctx->num_species-1);
1342   for (ii=0;ii<LANDAU_MAX_SPECIES;ii++) ctx->charges[ii] *= 1.6022e-19; /* electron/proton charge (MKS) */
1343   ctx->t_0 = 8*PETSC_PI*PetscSqr(ctx->epsilon0*ctx->m_0/PetscSqr(ctx->charges[0]))/ctx->lnLam/ctx->n_0*PetscPowReal(ctx->v_0,3); /* note, this t_0 makes nu[0,0]=1 */
1344   /* geometry */
1345   for (ii=0;ii<ctx->num_species;ii++) ctx->refineTol[ii]  = PETSC_MAX_REAL;
1346   for (ii=0;ii<ctx->num_species;ii++) ctx->coarsenTol[ii] = 0.;
1347   ii = LANDAU_MAX_SPECIES;
1348   ierr = PetscOptionsRealArray("-dm_landau_refine_tol","tolerance for refining cells in AMR","plexland.c",ctx->refineTol, &ii, &flg);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1349   if (flg && ii != ctx->num_species) ierr = PetscInfo2(dummy, "Phase: Warning, #refine_tol %D != num_species %D\n",ii,ctx->num_species);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1350   ii = LANDAU_MAX_SPECIES;
1351   ierr = PetscOptionsRealArray("-dm_landau_coarsen_tol","tolerance for coarsening cells in AMR","plexland.c",ctx->coarsenTol, &ii, &flg);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1352   if (flg && ii != ctx->num_species) ierr = PetscInfo2(dummy, "Phase: Warning, #coarsen_tol %D != num_species %D\n",ii,ctx->num_species);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1353   ierr = PetscOptionsReal("-dm_landau_domain_radius","Phase space size in units of electron thermal velocity","plexland.c",ctx->radius,&ctx->radius, &flg);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1354   if (flg && ctx->radius <= 0) { /* negative is ratio of c */
1355     if (ctx->radius == 0) ctx->radius = 0.75;
1356     else ctx->radius = -ctx->radius;
1357     ctx->radius = ctx->radius*299792458.0/ctx->v_0;
1358     ierr = PetscInfo1(dummy, "Change domain radius to %e\n",ctx->radius);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1359   }
1360   ierr = PetscOptionsReal("-dm_landau_i_radius","Ion thermal velocity, used for circular meshes","plexland.c",ctx->i_radius,&ctx->i_radius, &flg);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1361   if (flg && !sph_flg) ctx->sphere = PETSC_TRUE; /* you gave me an ion radius but did not set sphere, user error really */
1362   if (!flg) {
1363     ctx->i_radius = 1.5*PetscSqrtReal(8*ctx->k*ctx->thermal_temps[1]/ctx->masses[1]/PETSC_PI)/ctx->v_0; /* normalized radius with thermal velocity of first ion */
1364   }
1365   ierr = PetscOptionsReal("-dm_landau_e_radius","Electron thermal velocity, used for circular meshes","plexland.c",ctx->e_radius,&ctx->e_radius, &flg);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1366   if (flg && !sph_flg) ctx->sphere = PETSC_TRUE; /* you gave me an e radius but did not set sphere, user error really */
1367   if (!flg) {
1368     ctx->e_radius = 1.5*PetscSqrtReal(8*ctx->k*ctx->thermal_temps[0]/ctx->masses[0]/PETSC_PI)/ctx->v_0; /* normalized radius with thermal velocity of electrons */
1369   }
1370   if (ctx->sphere && (ctx->e_radius <= ctx->i_radius || ctx->radius <= ctx->e_radius)) SETERRQ3(ctx->comm,PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONG,"bad radii: %g < %g < %g",ctx->i_radius,ctx->e_radius,ctx->radius);
1371   ierr = PetscOptionsInt("-dm_landau_sub_thread_block_size", "Number of threads in Kokkos integration point subblock", "plexland.c", ctx->subThreadBlockSize, &ctx->subThreadBlockSize, NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1372   ierr = PetscOptionsEnd();CHKERRQ(ierr);
1373   for (ii=ctx->num_species;ii<LANDAU_MAX_SPECIES;ii++) ctx->masses[ii] = ctx->thermal_temps[ii]  = ctx->charges[ii] = 0;
1374   if (ctx->verbose > 0) {
1375     ierr = PetscPrintf(ctx->comm, "masses:        e=%10.3e; ions in proton mass units:   %10.3e %10.3e ...\n",ctx->masses[0],ctx->masses[1]/1.6720e-27,ctx->num_species>2 ? ctx->masses[2]/1.6720e-27 : 0);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1376     ierr = PetscPrintf(ctx->comm, "charges:       e=%10.3e; charges in elementary units: %10.3e %10.3e\n", ctx->charges[0],-ctx->charges[1]/ctx->charges[0],ctx->num_species>2 ? -ctx->charges[2]/ctx->charges[0] : 0);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1377     ierr = PetscPrintf(ctx->comm, "thermal T (K): e=%10.3e i=%10.3e imp=%10.3e. v_0=%10.3e n_0=%10.3e t_0=%10.3e domain=%10.3e\n",ctx->thermal_temps[0],ctx->thermal_temps[1],ctx->num_species>2 ? ctx->thermal_temps[2] : 0,ctx->v_0,ctx->n_0,ctx->t_0,ctx->radius);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1378   }
1379   ierr = DMDestroy(&dummy);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1380   {
1381     PetscMPIInt    rank;
1382     ierr = MPI_Comm_rank(ctx->comm, &rank);CHKERRMPI(ierr);
1383     /* PetscLogStage  setup_stage; */
1384     ierr = PetscLogEventRegister("Landau Operator", DM_CLASSID, &ctx->events[11]);CHKERRQ(ierr); /* 11 */
1385     ierr = PetscLogEventRegister("Landau Jacobian", DM_CLASSID, &ctx->events[0]);CHKERRQ(ierr); /* 0 */
1386     ierr = PetscLogEventRegister("Landau Mass", DM_CLASSID, &ctx->events[9]);CHKERRQ(ierr); /* 9 */
1387     ierr = PetscLogEventRegister(" Preamble", DM_CLASSID, &ctx->events[10]);CHKERRQ(ierr); /* 10 */
1388     ierr = PetscLogEventRegister(" static IP Data", DM_CLASSID, &ctx->events[7]);CHKERRQ(ierr); /* 7 */
1389     ierr = PetscLogEventRegister(" dynamic IP-Jac", DM_CLASSID, &ctx->events[1]);CHKERRQ(ierr); /* 1 */
1390     ierr = PetscLogEventRegister(" Kernel-init", DM_CLASSID, &ctx->events[3]);CHKERRQ(ierr); /* 3 */
1391     ierr = PetscLogEventRegister(" Jac-f-df (GPU)", DM_CLASSID, &ctx->events[8]);CHKERRQ(ierr); /* 8 */
1392     ierr = PetscLogEventRegister(" Kernel (GPU)", DM_CLASSID, &ctx->events[4]);CHKERRQ(ierr); /* 4 */
1393     ierr = PetscLogEventRegister(" Copy to CPU", DM_CLASSID, &ctx->events[5]);CHKERRQ(ierr); /* 5 */
1394     ierr = PetscLogEventRegister(" Jac-assemble", DM_CLASSID, &ctx->events[6]);CHKERRQ(ierr); /* 6 */
1395     ierr = PetscLogEventRegister(" Jac asmbl setup", DM_CLASSID, &ctx->events[2]);CHKERRQ(ierr); /* 2 */
1396     ierr = PetscLogEventRegister(" Other", DM_CLASSID, &ctx->events[13]);CHKERRQ(ierr); /* 13 */
1397 
1398     if (rank) { /* turn off output stuff for duplicate runs - do we need to add the prefix to all this? */
1399       ierr = PetscOptionsClearValue(NULL,"-snes_converged_reason");CHKERRQ(ierr);
1400       ierr = PetscOptionsClearValue(NULL,"-ksp_converged_reason");CHKERRQ(ierr);
1401       ierr = PetscOptionsClearValue(NULL,"-snes_monitor");CHKERRQ(ierr);
1402       ierr = PetscOptionsClearValue(NULL,"-ksp_monitor");CHKERRQ(ierr);
1403       ierr = PetscOptionsClearValue(NULL,"-ts_monitor");CHKERRQ(ierr);
1404       ierr = PetscOptionsClearValue(NULL,"-ts_adapt_monitor");CHKERRQ(ierr);
1405       ierr = PetscOptionsClearValue(NULL,"-dm_landau_amr_dm_view");CHKERRQ(ierr);
1406       ierr = PetscOptionsClearValue(NULL,"-dm_landau_amr_vec_view");CHKERRQ(ierr);
1407       ierr = PetscOptionsClearValue(NULL,"-dm_landau_pre_dm_view");CHKERRQ(ierr);
1408       ierr = PetscOptionsClearValue(NULL,"-dm_landau_pre_vec_view");CHKERRQ(ierr);
1409       ierr = PetscOptionsClearValue(NULL,"-info");CHKERRQ(ierr);
1410     }
1411   }
1412   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
1413 }
1414 
1415 /*@C
1416  LandauCreateVelocitySpace - Create a DMPlex velocity space mesh
1417 
1418  Collective on comm
1419 
1420  Input Parameters:
1421  +   comm  - The MPI communicator
1422  .   dim - velocity space dimension (2 for axisymmetric, 3 for full 3X + 3V solver)
1423  -   prefix - prefix for options
1424 
1425  Output Parameter:
1426  .   dm  - The DM object representing the mesh
1427  +   X - A vector (user destroys)
1428  -   J - Optional matrix (object destroys)
1429 
1430  Level: beginner
1431 
1432  .keywords: mesh
1433  .seealso: DMPlexCreate(), LandauDestroyVelocitySpace()
1434  @*/
1435 PetscErrorCode LandauCreateVelocitySpace(MPI_Comm comm, PetscInt dim, const char prefix[], Vec *X, Mat *J, DM *dm)
1436 {
1437   PetscErrorCode ierr;
1438   LandauCtx      *ctx;
1439   PetscBool      prealloc_only,flg;
1440 
1441   PetscFunctionBegin;
1442   if (dim!=2 && dim!=3) SETERRQ(PETSC_COMM_SELF, PETSC_ERR_PLIB, "Only 2D and 3D supported");
1443   ierr = PetscNew(&ctx);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1444   ctx->comm = comm; /* used for diagnostics and global errors */
1445   /* process options */
1446   ierr = ProcessOptions(ctx,prefix);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1447   /* Create Mesh */
1448   ierr = LandauDMCreateVMesh(PETSC_COMM_SELF, dim, prefix, ctx, dm);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1449   prealloc_only = (*dm)->prealloc_only;
1450   ierr = DMViewFromOptions(*dm,NULL,"-dm_landau_pre_dm_view");CHKERRQ(ierr);
1451   ierr = DMSetApplicationContext(*dm, ctx);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1452   /* create FEM */
1453   ierr = SetupDS(*dm,dim,ctx);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1454   /* set initial state */
1455   ierr = DMCreateGlobalVector(*dm,X);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1456   ierr = PetscObjectSetName((PetscObject) *X, "u");CHKERRQ(ierr);
1457   /* initial static refinement, no solve */
1458   ierr = LandauSetInitialCondition(*dm, *X, ctx);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1459   ierr = VecViewFromOptions(*X, NULL, "-dm_landau_pre_vec_view");CHKERRQ(ierr);
1460   /* forest refinement */
1461   if (ctx->errorIndicator) {
1462     /* AMR */
1463     ierr = adapt(dm,ctx,X);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1464     if ((*dm)->prealloc_only != prealloc_only) SETERRQ(PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)dm),PETSC_ERR_SUP,"(*dm)->prealloc_only != prealloc_only");
1465     ierr = DMViewFromOptions(*dm,NULL,"-dm_landau_amr_dm_view");CHKERRQ(ierr);
1466     ierr = VecViewFromOptions(*X, NULL, "-dm_landau_amr_vec_view");CHKERRQ(ierr);
1467   }
1468   ierr = DMSetApplicationContext(*dm, ctx);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1469   ctx->dmv = *dm;
1470   if (ctx->dmv->prealloc_only != prealloc_only) SETERRQ(PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)dm),PETSC_ERR_SUP,"ctx->dmv->prealloc_only != prealloc_only");
1471   ierr = DMCreateMatrix(ctx->dmv, &ctx->J);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1472   ierr = MatSetOption(ctx->J, MAT_IGNORE_ZERO_ENTRIES, PETSC_TRUE);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1473   ierr = MatSetOption(ctx->J, MAT_STRUCTURALLY_SYMMETRIC, PETSC_TRUE);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1474   if (J) *J = ctx->J;
1475   /* check for types that we need */
1476 #if defined(PETSC_HAVE_KOKKOS)
1477   if (ctx->deviceType == LANDAU_CPU) {
1478     ierr = PetscObjectTypeCompareAny((PetscObject)ctx->J,&flg,MATSEQAIJKOKKOS,MATMPIAIJKOKKOS,MATAIJKOKKOS,"");CHKERRQ(ierr);
1479   }
1480 #elif defined(PETSC_HAVE_CUDA)
1481   if (ctx->deviceType == LANDAU_CPU) {
1482     ierr = PetscObjectTypeCompareAny((PetscObject)ctx->J,&flg,MATSEQAIJCUSPARSE,MATMPIAIJCUSPARSE,MATAIJCUSPARSE,"");CHKERRQ(ierr);
1483   }
1484 #endif
1485   if (ctx->gpu_assembly) { /* we need GPU object with GPU assembly */
1486     if (ctx->deviceType == LANDAU_CUDA) {
1487       ierr = PetscObjectTypeCompareAny((PetscObject)ctx->J,&flg,MATSEQAIJCUSPARSE,MATMPIAIJCUSPARSE,MATAIJCUSPARSE,"");CHKERRQ(ierr);
1488       if (!flg) SETERRQ(ctx->comm,PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONG,"must use '-dm_mat_type aijcusparse -dm_vec_type cuda' for GPU assembly and Cuda");
1489     } else if (ctx->deviceType == LANDAU_KOKKOS) {
1490       ierr = PetscObjectTypeCompareAny((PetscObject)ctx->J,&flg,MATSEQAIJKOKKOS,MATMPIAIJKOKKOS,MATAIJKOKKOS,"");CHKERRQ(ierr);
1491 #if defined(PETSC_HAVE_KOKKOS_KERNELS)
1492       if (!flg) SETERRQ(ctx->comm,PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONG,"must use '-dm_mat_type aijkokkos -dm_vec_type kokkos' for GPU assembly and Kokkos");
1493 #else
1494       if (!flg) SETERRQ(ctx->comm,PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONG,"must configure with '--download-kokkos-kernels=1' for GPU assembly and Kokkos");
1495 #endif
1496     }
1497   }
1498   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
1499 }
1500 
1501 /*@
1502  LandauDestroyVelocitySpace - Destroy a DMPlex velocity space mesh
1503 
1504  Collective on dm
1505 
1506  Input/Output Parameters:
1507  .   dm - the dm to destroy
1508 
1509  Level: beginner
1510 
1511  .keywords: mesh
1512  .seealso: LandauCreateVelocitySpace()
1513  @*/
1514 PetscErrorCode LandauDestroyVelocitySpace(DM *dm)
1515 {
1516   PetscErrorCode ierr,ii;
1517   LandauCtx      *ctx;
1518   PetscContainer container = NULL;
1519   PetscFunctionBegin;
1520   ierr = DMGetApplicationContext(*dm, &ctx);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1521   ierr = PetscObjectQuery((PetscObject)ctx->J,"coloring", (PetscObject*)&container);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1522   if (container) {
1523     ierr = PetscContainerDestroy(&container);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1524   }
1525   ierr = MatDestroy(&ctx->M);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1526   ierr = MatDestroy(&ctx->J);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1527   for (ii=0;ii<ctx->num_species;ii++) {
1528     ierr = PetscFEDestroy(&ctx->fe[ii]);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1529   }
1530   if (ctx->deviceType == LANDAU_CUDA) {
1531 #if defined(PETSC_HAVE_CUDA)
1532     ierr = LandauCUDAStaticDataClear(ctx->SData_d);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1533 #else
1534     SETERRQ1(ctx->comm,PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONG,"-landau_device_type %s not built","cuda");
1535 #endif
1536   } else if (ctx->deviceType == LANDAU_KOKKOS) {
1537 #if defined(PETSC_HAVE_KOKKOS)
1538     ierr = LandauKokkosStaticDataClear(ctx->SData_d);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1539 #else
1540     SETERRQ1(ctx->comm,PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONG,"-landau_device_type %s not built","kokkos");
1541 #endif
1542   } else {
1543     if (ctx->SData_d) { /* in a CPU run */
1544       PetscReal *invJ = (PetscReal*)ctx->SData_d->invJ, *xx = (PetscReal*)ctx->SData_d->x, *yy = (PetscReal*)ctx->SData_d->y, *zz = (PetscReal*)ctx->SData_d->z, *ww = (PetscReal*)ctx->SData_d->w, *mass_w = (PetscReal*)ctx->SData_d->mass_w;
1545       ierr = PetscFree5(mass_w,ww,xx,yy,invJ);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1546       if (zz) {
1547         ierr = PetscFree(zz);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1548       }
1549     }
1550   }
1551   ierr = PetscFree(ctx->SData_d);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1552   if (ctx->times[0] > 0) {
1553     ierr = PetscPrintf(ctx->comm, "Landau Operator       %d 1.0 %10.3e ....\n",10000,ctx->times[0]);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1554   }
1555   if (ctx->plex != NULL) {
1556     ierr = DMDestroy(&ctx->plex);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1557   }
1558   PetscFree(ctx);
1559   ierr = DMDestroy(dm);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1560   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
1561 }
1562 
1563 /* < v, ru > */
1564 static void f0_s_den(PetscInt dim, PetscInt Nf, PetscInt NfAux,
1565                      const PetscInt uOff[], const PetscInt uOff_x[], const PetscScalar u[], const PetscScalar u_t[], const PetscScalar u_x[],
1566                      const PetscInt aOff[], const PetscInt aOff_x[], const PetscScalar a[], const PetscScalar a_t[], const PetscScalar a_x[],
1567                      PetscReal t, const PetscReal x[],  PetscInt numConstants, const PetscScalar constants[], PetscScalar *f0)
1568 {
1569   PetscInt ii = (PetscInt)PetscRealPart(constants[0]);
1570   f0[0] = u[ii];
1571 }
1572 
1573 /* < v, ru > */
1574 static void f0_s_mom(PetscInt dim, PetscInt Nf, PetscInt NfAux,
1575                      const PetscInt uOff[], const PetscInt uOff_x[], const PetscScalar u[], const PetscScalar u_t[], const PetscScalar u_x[],
1576                      const PetscInt aOff[], const PetscInt aOff_x[], const PetscScalar a[], const PetscScalar a_t[], const PetscScalar a_x[],
1577                      PetscReal t, const PetscReal x[],  PetscInt numConstants, const PetscScalar constants[], PetscScalar *f0)
1578 {
1579   PetscInt ii = (PetscInt)PetscRealPart(constants[0]), jj = (PetscInt)PetscRealPart(constants[1]);
1580   f0[0] = x[jj]*u[ii]; /* x momentum */
1581 }
1582 
1583 static void f0_s_v2(PetscInt dim, PetscInt Nf, PetscInt NfAux,
1584                     const PetscInt uOff[], const PetscInt uOff_x[], const PetscScalar u[], const PetscScalar u_t[], const PetscScalar u_x[],
1585                     const PetscInt aOff[], const PetscInt aOff_x[], const PetscScalar a[], const PetscScalar a_t[], const PetscScalar a_x[],
1586                     PetscReal t, const PetscReal x[],  PetscInt numConstants, const PetscScalar constants[], PetscScalar *f0)
1587 {
1588   PetscInt i, ii = (PetscInt)PetscRealPart(constants[0]);
1589   double tmp1 = 0.;
1590   for (i = 0; i < dim; ++i) tmp1 += x[i]*x[i];
1591   f0[0] = tmp1*u[ii];
1592 }
1593 
1594 /* < v, ru > */
1595 static void f0_s_rden(PetscInt dim, PetscInt Nf, PetscInt NfAux,
1596                       const PetscInt uOff[], const PetscInt uOff_x[], const PetscScalar u[], const PetscScalar u_t[], const PetscScalar u_x[],
1597                       const PetscInt aOff[], const PetscInt aOff_x[], const PetscScalar a[], const PetscScalar a_t[], const PetscScalar a_x[],
1598                       PetscReal t, const PetscReal x[],  PetscInt numConstants, const PetscScalar constants[], PetscScalar *f0)
1599 {
1600   PetscInt ii = (PetscInt)PetscRealPart(constants[0]);
1601   f0[0] = 2.*PETSC_PI*x[0]*u[ii];
1602 }
1603 
1604 /* < v, ru > */
1605 static void f0_s_rmom(PetscInt dim, PetscInt Nf, PetscInt NfAux,
1606                       const PetscInt uOff[], const PetscInt uOff_x[], const PetscScalar u[], const PetscScalar u_t[], const PetscScalar u_x[],
1607                       const PetscInt aOff[], const PetscInt aOff_x[], const PetscScalar a[], const PetscScalar a_t[], const PetscScalar a_x[],
1608                       PetscReal t, const PetscReal x[],  PetscInt numConstants, const PetscScalar constants[], PetscScalar *f0)
1609 {
1610   PetscInt ii = (PetscInt)PetscRealPart(constants[0]);
1611   f0[0] = 2.*PETSC_PI*x[0]*x[1]*u[ii];
1612 }
1613 
1614 static void f0_s_rv2(PetscInt dim, PetscInt Nf, PetscInt NfAux,
1615                      const PetscInt uOff[], const PetscInt uOff_x[], const PetscScalar u[], const PetscScalar u_t[], const PetscScalar u_x[],
1616                      const PetscInt aOff[], const PetscInt aOff_x[], const PetscScalar a[], const PetscScalar a_t[], const PetscScalar a_x[],
1617                      PetscReal t, const PetscReal x[],  PetscInt numConstants, const PetscScalar constants[], PetscScalar *f0)
1618 {
1619   PetscInt ii = (PetscInt)PetscRealPart(constants[0]);
1620   f0[0] =  2.*PETSC_PI*x[0]*(x[0]*x[0] + x[1]*x[1])*u[ii];
1621 }
1622 
1623 /*@
1624  LandauPrintNorms - collects moments and prints them
1625 
1626  Collective on dm
1627 
1628  Input Parameters:
1629  +   X  - the state
1630  -   stepi - current step to print
1631 
1632  Level: beginner
1633 
1634  .keywords: mesh
1635  .seealso: LandauCreateVelocitySpace()
1636  @*/
1637 PetscErrorCode LandauPrintNorms(Vec X, PetscInt stepi)
1638 {
1639   PetscErrorCode ierr;
1640   LandauCtx      *ctx;
1641   PetscDS        prob;
1642   DM             dm;
1643   PetscInt       cStart, cEnd, dim, ii;
1644   PetscScalar    xmomentumtot=0, ymomentumtot=0, zmomentumtot=0, energytot=0, densitytot=0, tt[LANDAU_MAX_SPECIES];
1645   PetscScalar    xmomentum[LANDAU_MAX_SPECIES],  ymomentum[LANDAU_MAX_SPECIES],  zmomentum[LANDAU_MAX_SPECIES], energy[LANDAU_MAX_SPECIES], density[LANDAU_MAX_SPECIES];
1646 
1647   PetscFunctionBegin;
1648   ierr = VecGetDM(X, &dm);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1649   if (!dm) SETERRQ(PETSC_COMM_SELF, PETSC_ERR_PLIB, "no DM");
1650   ierr = DMGetDimension(dm, &dim);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1651   ierr = DMGetApplicationContext(dm, &ctx);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1652   if (!ctx) SETERRQ(PETSC_COMM_SELF, PETSC_ERR_PLIB, "no context");
1653   if (!ctx->plex) {
1654     ierr = DMConvert(ctx->dmv, DMPLEX, &ctx->plex);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1655   }
1656   ierr = DMCreateDS(ctx->plex);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1657   ierr = DMGetDS(ctx->plex, &prob);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1658   /* print momentum and energy */
1659   for (ii=0;ii<ctx->num_species;ii++) {
1660     PetscScalar user[2] = { (PetscScalar)ii, (PetscScalar)ctx->charges[ii]};
1661     ierr = PetscDSSetConstants(prob, 2, user);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1662     if (dim==2) { /* 2/3X + 3V (cylindrical coordinates) */
1663       ierr = PetscDSSetObjective(prob, 0, &f0_s_rden);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1664       ierr = DMPlexComputeIntegralFEM(ctx->plex,X,tt,ctx);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1665       density[ii] = tt[0]*ctx->n_0*ctx->charges[ii];
1666       ierr = PetscDSSetObjective(prob, 0, &f0_s_rmom);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1667       ierr = DMPlexComputeIntegralFEM(ctx->plex,X,tt,ctx);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1668       zmomentum[ii] = tt[0]*ctx->n_0*ctx->v_0*ctx->masses[ii];
1669       ierr = PetscDSSetObjective(prob, 0, &f0_s_rv2);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1670       ierr = DMPlexComputeIntegralFEM(ctx->plex,X,tt,ctx);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1671       energy[ii] = tt[0]*0.5*ctx->n_0*ctx->v_0*ctx->v_0*ctx->masses[ii];
1672       zmomentumtot += zmomentum[ii];
1673       energytot  += energy[ii];
1674       densitytot += density[ii];
1675       ierr = PetscPrintf(ctx->comm, "%3D) species-%D: charge density= %20.13e z-momentum= %20.13e energy= %20.13e",stepi,ii,PetscRealPart(density[ii]),PetscRealPart(zmomentum[ii]),PetscRealPart(energy[ii]));CHKERRQ(ierr);
1676     } else { /* 2/3X + 3V */
1677       ierr = PetscDSSetObjective(prob, 0, &f0_s_den);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1678       ierr = DMPlexComputeIntegralFEM(ctx->plex,X,tt,ctx);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1679       density[ii] = tt[0]*ctx->n_0*ctx->charges[ii];
1680       ierr = PetscDSSetObjective(prob, 0, &f0_s_mom);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1681       user[1] = 0;
1682       ierr = DMPlexComputeIntegralFEM(ctx->plex,X,tt,ctx);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1683       xmomentum[ii]  = tt[0]*ctx->n_0*ctx->v_0*ctx->masses[ii];
1684       user[1] = 1;
1685       ierr = DMPlexComputeIntegralFEM(ctx->plex,X,tt,ctx);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1686       ymomentum[ii] = tt[0]*ctx->n_0*ctx->v_0*ctx->masses[ii];
1687       user[1] = 2;
1688       ierr = DMPlexComputeIntegralFEM(ctx->plex,X,tt,ctx);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1689       zmomentum[ii] = tt[0]*ctx->n_0*ctx->v_0*ctx->masses[ii];
1690       ierr = PetscDSSetObjective(prob, 0, &f0_s_v2);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1691       ierr = DMPlexComputeIntegralFEM(ctx->plex,X,tt,ctx);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1692       energy[ii]    = 0.5*tt[0]*ctx->n_0*ctx->v_0*ctx->v_0*ctx->masses[ii];
1693       ierr = PetscPrintf(ctx->comm, "%3D) species %D: density=%20.13e, x-momentum=%20.13e, y-momentum=%20.13e, z-momentum=%20.13e, energy=%21.13e",
1694                          stepi,ii,PetscRealPart(density[ii]),PetscRealPart(xmomentum[ii]),PetscRealPart(ymomentum[ii]),PetscRealPart(zmomentum[ii]),PetscRealPart(energy[ii]));CHKERRQ(ierr);
1695       xmomentumtot += xmomentum[ii];
1696       ymomentumtot += ymomentum[ii];
1697       zmomentumtot += zmomentum[ii];
1698       energytot  += energy[ii];
1699       densitytot += density[ii];
1700     }
1701     if (ctx->num_species>1) PetscPrintf(ctx->comm, "\n");
1702   }
1703   /* totals */
1704   ierr = DMPlexGetHeightStratum(ctx->plex,0,&cStart,&cEnd);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1705   if (ctx->num_species>1) {
1706     if (dim==2) {
1707       ierr = PetscPrintf(ctx->comm, "\t%3D) Total: charge density=%21.13e, momentum=%21.13e, energy=%21.13e (m_i[0]/m_e = %g, %D cells)",
1708                          stepi,(double)PetscRealPart(densitytot),(double)PetscRealPart(zmomentumtot),(double)PetscRealPart(energytot),(double)(ctx->masses[1]/ctx->masses[0]),cEnd-cStart);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1709     } else {
1710       ierr = PetscPrintf(ctx->comm, "\t%3D) Total: charge density=%21.13e, x-momentum=%21.13e, y-momentum=%21.13e, z-momentum=%21.13e, energy=%21.13e (m_i[0]/m_e = %g, %D cells)",
1711                          stepi,(double)PetscRealPart(densitytot),(double)PetscRealPart(xmomentumtot),(double)PetscRealPart(ymomentumtot),(double)PetscRealPart(zmomentumtot),(double)PetscRealPart(energytot),(double)(ctx->masses[1]/ctx->masses[0]),cEnd-cStart);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1712     }
1713   } else {
1714     ierr = PetscPrintf(ctx->comm, " -- %D cells",cEnd-cStart);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1715   }
1716   if (ctx->verbose > 1) {ierr = PetscPrintf(ctx->comm,", %D sub (vector) threads\n",ctx->subThreadBlockSize);CHKERRQ(ierr);}
1717   else {ierr = PetscPrintf(ctx->comm,"\n");CHKERRQ(ierr);}
1718   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
1719 }
1720 
1721 static PetscErrorCode destroy_coloring (void *is)
1722 {
1723   ISColoring tmp = (ISColoring)is;
1724   return ISColoringDestroy(&tmp);
1725 }
1726 
1727 /*@
1728  LandauCreateColoring - create a coloring and add to matrix (Landau context used just for 'print' flag, should be in DMPlex)
1729 
1730  Collective on JacP
1731 
1732  Input Parameters:
1733  +   JacP  - matrix to add coloring to
1734  -   plex - The DM
1735 
1736  Output Parameter:
1737  .   container  - Container with coloring
1738 
1739  Level: beginner
1740 
1741  .keywords: mesh
1742  .seealso: LandauCreateVelocitySpace()
1743  @*/
1744 PetscErrorCode LandauCreateColoring(Mat JacP, DM plex, PetscContainer *container)
1745 {
1746   PetscErrorCode  ierr;
1747   PetscInt        dim,cell,i,ej,nc,Nv,totDim,numGCells,cStart,cEnd;
1748   ISColoring      iscoloring = NULL;
1749   Mat             G,Q;
1750   PetscScalar     ones[128];
1751   MatColoring     mc;
1752   IS             *is;
1753   PetscInt        csize,colour,j,k;
1754   const PetscInt *indices;
1755   PetscInt       numComp[1];
1756   PetscInt       numDof[4];
1757   PetscFE        fe;
1758   DM             colordm;
1759   PetscSection   csection, section, globalSection;
1760   PetscDS        prob;
1761   LandauCtx      *ctx;
1762 
1763   PetscFunctionBegin;
1764   ierr = DMGetApplicationContext(plex, &ctx);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1765   ierr = DMGetLocalSection(plex, &section);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1766   ierr = DMGetGlobalSection(plex, &globalSection);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1767   ierr = DMGetDimension(plex, &dim);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1768   ierr = DMGetDS(plex, &prob);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1769   ierr = PetscDSGetTotalDimension(prob, &totDim);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1770   ierr = DMPlexGetHeightStratum(plex,0,&cStart,&cEnd);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1771   numGCells = cEnd - cStart;
1772   /* create cell centered DM */
1773   ierr = DMClone(plex, &colordm);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1774   ierr = PetscFECreateDefault(PetscObjectComm((PetscObject) plex), dim, 1, PETSC_FALSE, "color_", PETSC_DECIDE, &fe);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1775   ierr = PetscObjectSetName((PetscObject) fe, "color");CHKERRQ(ierr);
1776   ierr = DMSetField(colordm, 0, NULL, (PetscObject)fe);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1777   ierr = PetscFEDestroy(&fe);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1778   for (i = 0; i < (dim+1); ++i) numDof[i] = 0;
1779   numDof[dim] = 1;
1780   numComp[0] = 1;
1781   ierr = DMPlexCreateSection(colordm, NULL, numComp, numDof, 0, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, &csection);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1782   ierr = PetscSectionSetFieldName(csection, 0, "color");CHKERRQ(ierr);
1783   ierr = DMSetLocalSection(colordm, csection);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1784   ierr = DMViewFromOptions(colordm,NULL,"-color_dm_view");CHKERRQ(ierr);
1785   /* get vertex to element map Q and colroing graph G */
1786   ierr = MatGetSize(JacP,NULL,&Nv);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1787   ierr = MatCreateAIJ(PETSC_COMM_SELF,PETSC_DECIDE,PETSC_DECIDE,numGCells,Nv,totDim,NULL,0,NULL,&Q);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1788   for (i=0;i<128;i++) ones[i] = 1.0;
1789   for (cell = cStart, ej = 0 ; cell < cEnd; ++cell, ++ej) {
1790     PetscInt numindices,*indices;
1791     ierr = DMPlexGetClosureIndices(plex, section, globalSection, cell, PETSC_TRUE, &numindices, &indices, NULL, NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1792     if (numindices>128) SETERRQ2(PETSC_COMM_SELF, PETSC_ERR_PLIB, "too many indices. %D > %D",numindices,128);
1793     ierr = MatSetValues(Q,1,&ej,numindices,indices,ones,ADD_VALUES);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1794     ierr = DMPlexRestoreClosureIndices(plex, section, globalSection, cell, PETSC_TRUE, &numindices, &indices, NULL, NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1795   }
1796   ierr = MatAssemblyBegin(Q, MAT_FINAL_ASSEMBLY);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1797   ierr = MatAssemblyEnd(Q, MAT_FINAL_ASSEMBLY);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1798   ierr = MatMatTransposeMult(Q,Q,MAT_INITIAL_MATRIX,4.0,&G);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1799   ierr = PetscObjectSetName((PetscObject) Q, "Q");CHKERRQ(ierr);
1800   ierr = PetscObjectSetName((PetscObject) G, "coloring graph");CHKERRQ(ierr);
1801   ierr = MatViewFromOptions(G,NULL,"-coloring_mat_view");CHKERRQ(ierr);
1802   ierr = MatViewFromOptions(Q,NULL,"-coloring_mat_view");CHKERRQ(ierr);
1803   ierr = MatDestroy(&Q);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1804   /* coloring */
1805   ierr = MatColoringCreate(G,&mc);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1806   ierr = MatColoringSetDistance(mc,1);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1807   ierr = MatColoringSetType(mc,MATCOLORINGJP);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1808   ierr = MatColoringSetFromOptions(mc);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1809   ierr = MatColoringApply(mc,&iscoloring);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1810   ierr = MatColoringDestroy(&mc);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1811   /* view */
1812   ierr = ISColoringViewFromOptions(iscoloring,NULL,"-coloring_is_view");CHKERRQ(ierr);
1813   ierr = ISColoringGetIS(iscoloring,PETSC_USE_POINTER,&nc,&is);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1814   if (ctx && ctx->verbose > 2) {
1815     PetscViewer    viewer;
1816     Vec            color_vec, eidx_vec;
1817     ierr = DMGetGlobalVector(colordm, &color_vec);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1818     ierr = DMGetGlobalVector(colordm, &eidx_vec);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1819     for (colour=0; colour<nc; colour++) {
1820       ierr = ISGetLocalSize(is[colour],&csize);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1821       ierr = ISGetIndices(is[colour],&indices);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1822       for (j=0; j<csize; j++) {
1823         PetscScalar v = (PetscScalar)colour;
1824         k = indices[j];
1825         ierr = VecSetValues(color_vec,1,&k,&v,INSERT_VALUES);
1826         v = (PetscScalar)k;
1827         ierr = VecSetValues(eidx_vec,1,&k,&v,INSERT_VALUES);
1828       }
1829       ierr = ISRestoreIndices(is[colour],&indices);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1830     }
1831     /* view */
1832     ierr = PetscViewerVTKOpen(ctx->comm, "color.vtu", FILE_MODE_WRITE, &viewer);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1833     ierr = PetscObjectSetName((PetscObject) color_vec, "color");CHKERRQ(ierr);
1834     ierr = VecView(color_vec, viewer);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1835     ierr = PetscViewerDestroy(&viewer);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1836     ierr = PetscViewerVTKOpen(ctx->comm, "eidx.vtu", FILE_MODE_WRITE, &viewer);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1837     ierr = PetscObjectSetName((PetscObject) eidx_vec, "element-idx");CHKERRQ(ierr);
1838     ierr = VecView(eidx_vec, viewer);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1839     ierr = PetscViewerDestroy(&viewer);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1840     ierr = DMRestoreGlobalVector(colordm, &color_vec);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1841     ierr = DMRestoreGlobalVector(colordm, &eidx_vec);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1842   }
1843   ierr = PetscSectionDestroy(&csection);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1844   ierr = DMDestroy(&colordm);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1845   ierr = ISColoringRestoreIS(iscoloring,PETSC_USE_POINTER,&is);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1846   ierr = MatDestroy(&G);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1847   /* stash coloring */
1848   ierr = PetscContainerCreate(PETSC_COMM_SELF, container);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1849   ierr = PetscContainerSetPointer(*container,(void*)iscoloring);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1850   ierr = PetscContainerSetUserDestroy(*container, destroy_coloring);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1851   ierr = PetscObjectCompose((PetscObject)JacP,"coloring",(PetscObject)*container);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1852   if (ctx && ctx->verbose > 0) {
1853     ierr = PetscPrintf(ctx->comm, "Made coloring with %D colors\n", nc);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1854   }
1855   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
1856 }
1857 
1858 PetscErrorCode LandauAssembleOpenMP(PetscInt cStart, PetscInt cEnd, PetscInt totDim, DM plex, PetscSection section, PetscSection globalSection, Mat JacP, PetscScalar elemMats[], PetscContainer container)
1859 {
1860   PetscErrorCode  ierr;
1861   IS             *is;
1862   PetscInt        nc,colour,j;
1863   const PetscInt *clr_idxs;
1864   ISColoring      iscoloring;
1865   PetscFunctionBegin;
1866   ierr = PetscContainerGetPointer(container,(void**)&iscoloring);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1867   ierr = ISColoringGetIS(iscoloring,PETSC_USE_POINTER,&nc,&is);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1868   for (colour=0; colour<nc; colour++) {
1869     PetscInt    *idx_arr[1024]; /* need to make dynamic for general use */
1870     PetscScalar *new_el_mats[1024];
1871     PetscInt     idx_size[1024],csize;
1872     ierr = ISGetLocalSize(is[colour],&csize);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1873     if (csize>1024) SETERRQ2(PETSC_COMM_SELF, PETSC_ERR_PLIB, "too many elements in color. %D > %D",csize,1024);
1874     ierr = ISGetIndices(is[colour],&clr_idxs);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1875     /* get indices and mats */
1876     for (j=0; j<csize; j++) {
1877       PetscInt    cell = cStart + clr_idxs[j];
1878       PetscInt    numindices,*indices;
1879       PetscScalar *elMat = &elemMats[clr_idxs[j]*totDim*totDim];
1880       PetscScalar *valuesOrig = elMat;
1881       ierr = DMPlexGetClosureIndices(plex, section, globalSection, cell, PETSC_TRUE, &numindices, &indices, NULL, (PetscScalar **) &elMat);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1882       idx_size[j] = numindices;
1883       ierr = PetscMalloc2(numindices,&idx_arr[j],numindices*numindices,&new_el_mats[j]);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1884       ierr = PetscMemcpy(idx_arr[j],indices,numindices*sizeof(PetscInt));CHKERRQ(ierr);
1885       ierr = PetscMemcpy(new_el_mats[j],elMat,numindices*numindices*sizeof(PetscScalar));CHKERRQ(ierr);
1886       ierr = DMPlexRestoreClosureIndices(plex, section, globalSection, cell, PETSC_TRUE, &numindices, &indices, NULL, (PetscScalar **) &elMat);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1887       if (elMat != valuesOrig) {ierr = DMRestoreWorkArray(plex, numindices*numindices, MPIU_SCALAR, &elMat);}
1888     }
1889     /* assemble matrix */
1890     for (j=0; j<csize; j++) {
1891       PetscInt    numindices = idx_size[j], *indices = idx_arr[j];
1892       PetscScalar *elMat = new_el_mats[j];
1893       MatSetValues(JacP,numindices,indices,numindices,indices,elMat,ADD_VALUES);
1894     }
1895     /* free */
1896     ierr = ISRestoreIndices(is[colour],&clr_idxs);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1897     for (j=0; j<csize; j++) {
1898       ierr = PetscFree2(idx_arr[j],new_el_mats[j]);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1899     }
1900   }
1901   ierr = ISColoringRestoreIS(iscoloring,PETSC_USE_POINTER,&is);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1902   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
1903 }
1904 
1905 /* < v, u > */
1906 static void g0_1(PetscInt dim, PetscInt Nf, PetscInt NfAux,
1907                  const PetscInt uOff[], const PetscInt uOff_x[], const PetscScalar u[], const PetscScalar u_t[], const PetscScalar u_x[],
1908                  const PetscInt aOff[], const PetscInt aOff_x[], const PetscScalar a[], const PetscScalar a_t[], const PetscScalar a_x[],
1909                  PetscReal t, PetscReal u_tShift, const PetscReal x[],  PetscInt numConstants, const PetscScalar constants[], PetscScalar g0[])
1910 {
1911   g0[0] = 1.;
1912 }
1913 
1914 /* < v, u > */
1915 static void g0_r(PetscInt dim, PetscInt Nf, PetscInt NfAux,
1916                  const PetscInt uOff[], const PetscInt uOff_x[], const PetscScalar u[], const PetscScalar u_t[], const PetscScalar u_x[],
1917                  const PetscInt aOff[], const PetscInt aOff_x[], const PetscScalar a[], const PetscScalar a_t[], const PetscScalar a_x[],
1918                  PetscReal t, PetscReal u_tShift, const PetscReal x[],  PetscInt numConstants, const PetscScalar constants[], PetscScalar g0[])
1919 {
1920   g0[0] = 2.*PETSC_PI*x[0];
1921 }
1922 
1923 /*@
1924  LandauCreateMassMatrix - Create mass matrix for Landau
1925 
1926  Collective on dm
1927 
1928  Input Parameters:
1929  . dm     - the DM object
1930 
1931  Output Parameters:
1932  . Amat - The mass matrix (optional), mass matrix is added to the DM context
1933 
1934  Level: beginner
1935 
1936  .keywords: mesh
1937  .seealso: LandauCreateVelocitySpace()
1938  @*/
1939 PetscErrorCode LandauCreateMassMatrix(DM dm, Mat *Amat)
1940 {
1941   DM             massDM;
1942   PetscDS        prob;
1943   PetscInt       ii,dim,N1=1,N2;
1944   PetscErrorCode ierr;
1945   LandauCtx      *ctx;
1946   Mat            M;
1947 
1948   PetscFunctionBegin;
1949   PetscValidHeaderSpecific(dm,DM_CLASSID,1);
1950   if (Amat) PetscValidPointer(Amat,2);
1951   ierr = DMGetApplicationContext(dm, &ctx);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1952   if (!ctx) SETERRQ(PETSC_COMM_SELF, PETSC_ERR_PLIB, "no context");
1953   ierr = DMGetDimension(dm, &dim);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1954   ierr = DMClone(dm, &massDM);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1955   ierr = DMCopyFields(dm, massDM);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1956   ierr = DMCreateDS(massDM);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1957   ierr = DMGetDS(massDM, &prob);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1958   for (ii=0;ii<ctx->num_species;ii++) {
1959     if (dim==3) {ierr = PetscDSSetJacobian(prob, ii, ii, g0_1, NULL, NULL, NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);}
1960     else        {ierr = PetscDSSetJacobian(prob, ii, ii, g0_r, NULL, NULL, NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);}
1961   }
1962   ierr = DMViewFromOptions(massDM,NULL,"-dm_landau_mass_dm_view");CHKERRQ(ierr);
1963   ierr = DMCreateMatrix(massDM, &M);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1964   ierr = MatSetOption(M, MAT_IGNORE_ZERO_ENTRIES, PETSC_TRUE);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1965   {
1966     Vec locX;
1967     DM  plex;
1968     ierr = DMConvert(massDM, DMPLEX, &plex);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1969     ierr = DMGetLocalVector(massDM, &locX);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1970     /* Mass matrix is independent of the input, so no need to fill locX */
1971     if (plex->prealloc_only != dm->prealloc_only) SETERRQ2(PetscObjectComm((PetscObject) dm), PETSC_ERR_PLIB, "plex->prealloc_only = massDM->prealloc_only %D, =%D",plex->prealloc_only,massDM->prealloc_only);
1972     ierr = DMPlexSNESComputeJacobianFEM(plex, locX, M, M, ctx);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1973     ierr = DMRestoreLocalVector(massDM, &locX);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1974     ierr = DMDestroy(&plex);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1975   }
1976   ierr = DMDestroy(&massDM);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1977   ierr = MatGetSize(ctx->J, &N1, NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1978   ierr = MatGetSize(M, &N2, NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1979   if (N1 != N2) SETERRQ2(PetscObjectComm((PetscObject) dm), PETSC_ERR_PLIB, "Incorrect matrix sizes: |Jacobian| = %D, |Mass|=%D",N1,N2);
1980   ierr = PetscObjectSetName((PetscObject)M, "mass");CHKERRQ(ierr);
1981   ierr = MatViewFromOptions(M,NULL,"-dm_landau_mass_mat_view");CHKERRQ(ierr);
1982   ctx->M = M; /* this could be a noop, a = a */
1983   if (Amat) *Amat = M;
1984   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
1985 }
1986 
1987 /*@
1988  LandauIFunction - TS residual calculation
1989 
1990  Collective on ts
1991 
1992  Input Parameters:
1993  +   TS  - The time stepping context
1994  .   time_dummy - current time (not used)
1995  -   X - Current state
1996  +   X_t - Time derivative of current state
1997  .   actx - Landau context
1998 
1999  Output Parameter:
2000  .   F  - The residual
2001 
2002  Level: beginner
2003 
2004  .keywords: mesh
2005  .seealso: LandauCreateVelocitySpace(), LandauIJacobian()
2006  @*/
2007 PetscErrorCode LandauIFunction(TS ts, PetscReal time_dummy, Vec X, Vec X_t, Vec F, void *actx)
2008 {
2009   PetscErrorCode ierr;
2010   LandauCtx      *ctx=(LandauCtx*)actx;
2011   PetscInt       dim;
2012   DM             dm;
2013 #if defined(PETSC_HAVE_THREADSAFETY)
2014   double         starttime, endtime;
2015 #endif
2016 
2017   PetscFunctionBegin;
2018   ierr = TSGetDM(ts,&dm);CHKERRQ(ierr);
2019   ierr = DMGetApplicationContext(dm, &ctx);CHKERRQ(ierr);
2020   if (!ctx) SETERRQ(PETSC_COMM_SELF, PETSC_ERR_PLIB, "no context");
2021   //ierr = MPI_Barrier(MPI_COMM_WORLD);CHKERRMPI(ierr);
2022   ierr = PetscLogEventBegin(ctx->events[11],0,0,0,0);CHKERRQ(ierr);
2023   ierr = PetscLogEventBegin(ctx->events[0],0,0,0,0);CHKERRQ(ierr);
2024 #if defined(PETSC_HAVE_THREADSAFETY)
2025   starttime = MPI_Wtime();
2026 #endif
2027   ierr = DMGetDimension(ctx->dmv, &dim);CHKERRQ(ierr);
2028   if (!ctx->aux_bool) {
2029     ierr = PetscInfo3(ts, "Create Landau Jacobian t=%g X=%p %s\n",time_dummy,X_t,ctx->aux_bool ? " -- seems to be in line search" : "");CHKERRQ(ierr);
2030     ierr = LandauFormJacobian_Internal(X,ctx->J,dim,0.0,(void*)ctx);CHKERRQ(ierr);
2031     ctx->aux_bool = PETSC_TRUE;
2032   } else {
2033     ierr = PetscInfo(ts, "Skip forming Jacobian, has not changed (should check norm)\n");CHKERRQ(ierr);
2034   }
2035   ierr = MatViewFromOptions(ctx->J,NULL,"-landau_jacobian_mat_view");CHKERRQ(ierr);
2036   /* mat vec for op */
2037   ierr = MatMult(ctx->J,X,F);CHKERRQ(ierr);CHKERRQ(ierr); /* C*f */
2038   /* add time term */
2039   if (X_t) {
2040     ierr = MatMultAdd(ctx->M,X_t,F,F);CHKERRQ(ierr);
2041   }
2042 #if defined(PETSC_HAVE_THREADSAFETY)
2043   endtime = MPI_Wtime();
2044   ctx->times[0] += (endtime - starttime);
2045 #endif
2046   ierr = PetscLogEventEnd(ctx->events[0],0,0,0,0);CHKERRQ(ierr);
2047   ierr = PetscLogEventEnd(ctx->events[11],0,0,0,0);CHKERRQ(ierr);
2048   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
2049 }
2050 static PetscErrorCode MatrixNfDestroy(void *ptr)
2051 {
2052   PetscInt *nf = (PetscInt *)ptr;
2053   PetscErrorCode  ierr;
2054   PetscFunctionBegin;
2055   ierr = PetscFree(nf);CHKERRQ(ierr);
2056   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
2057 }
2058 /*@
2059  LandauIJacobian - TS Jacobian construction
2060 
2061  Collective on ts
2062 
2063  Input Parameters:
2064  +   TS  - The time stepping context
2065  .   time_dummy - current time (not used)
2066  -   X - Current state
2067  +   U_tdummy - Time derivative of current state (not used)
2068  .   shift - shift for du/dt term
2069  -   actx - Landau context
2070 
2071  Output Parameter:
2072  .   Amat  - Jacobian
2073  +   Pmat  - same as Amat
2074 
2075  Level: beginner
2076 
2077  .keywords: mesh
2078  .seealso: LandauCreateVelocitySpace(), LandauIFunction()
2079  @*/
2080 PetscErrorCode LandauIJacobian(TS ts, PetscReal time_dummy, Vec X, Vec U_tdummy, PetscReal shift, Mat Amat, Mat Pmat, void *actx)
2081 {
2082   PetscErrorCode ierr;
2083   LandauCtx      *ctx=(LandauCtx*)actx;
2084   PetscInt       dim;
2085   DM             dm;
2086   PetscContainer container;
2087 #if defined(PETSC_HAVE_THREADSAFETY)
2088   double         starttime, endtime;
2089 #endif
2090 
2091   PetscFunctionBegin;
2092   ierr = TSGetDM(ts,&dm);CHKERRQ(ierr);
2093   ierr = DMGetApplicationContext(dm, &ctx);CHKERRQ(ierr);
2094   if (!ctx) SETERRQ(PETSC_COMM_SELF, PETSC_ERR_PLIB, "no context");
2095   if (Amat!=Pmat || Amat!=ctx->J) SETERRQ(ctx->comm, PETSC_ERR_PLIB, "Amat!=Pmat || Amat!=ctx->J");
2096   ierr = DMGetDimension(ctx->dmv, &dim);CHKERRQ(ierr);
2097   /* get collision Jacobian into A */
2098   ierr = PetscLogEventBegin(ctx->events[11],0,0,0,0);CHKERRQ(ierr);
2099   ierr = PetscLogEventBegin(ctx->events[9],0,0,0,0);CHKERRQ(ierr);
2100 #if defined(PETSC_HAVE_THREADSAFETY)
2101   starttime = MPI_Wtime();
2102 #endif
2103   ierr = PetscInfo2(ts, "Adding just mass to Jacobian t=%g, shift=%g\n",(double)time_dummy,(double)shift);CHKERRQ(ierr);
2104   if (shift==0.0) SETERRQ(ctx->comm, PETSC_ERR_PLIB, "zero shift");
2105   if (!ctx->aux_bool) SETERRQ(ctx->comm, PETSC_ERR_PLIB, "wrong state");
2106   if (!ctx->use_matrix_mass) {
2107     ierr = LandauFormJacobian_Internal(X,ctx->J,dim,shift,(void*)ctx);CHKERRQ(ierr);
2108   } else { /* add mass */
2109     ierr = MatAXPY(Pmat,shift,ctx->M,SAME_NONZERO_PATTERN);CHKERRQ(ierr);
2110   }
2111   ctx->aux_bool = PETSC_FALSE;
2112   ierr = MatViewFromOptions(Pmat,NULL,"-landau_mat_view");CHKERRQ(ierr);
2113   /* set number species in Jacobian */
2114   ierr = PetscObjectQuery((PetscObject) ctx->J, "Nf", (PetscObject *) &container);CHKERRQ(ierr);
2115   if (!container) {
2116     PetscInt *pNf;
2117     ierr = PetscContainerCreate(PETSC_COMM_SELF, &container);CHKERRQ(ierr);
2118     ierr = PetscMalloc(sizeof(PetscInt), &pNf);CHKERRQ(ierr);
2119     *pNf = ctx->num_species + 1000*ctx->numConcurrency;
2120     ierr = PetscContainerSetPointer(container, (void *)pNf);CHKERRQ(ierr);
2121     ierr = PetscContainerSetUserDestroy(container, MatrixNfDestroy);CHKERRQ(ierr);
2122     ierr = PetscObjectCompose((PetscObject)ctx->J, "Nf", (PetscObject) container);CHKERRQ(ierr);
2123     ierr = PetscContainerDestroy(&container);CHKERRQ(ierr);
2124   }
2125 #if defined(PETSC_HAVE_THREADSAFETY)
2126   endtime = MPI_Wtime();
2127   ctx->times[0] += (endtime - starttime);
2128 #endif
2129   ierr = PetscLogEventEnd(ctx->events[9],0,0,0,0);CHKERRQ(ierr);
2130   ierr = PetscLogEventEnd(ctx->events[11],0,0,0,0);CHKERRQ(ierr);
2131   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
2132 }
2133