xref: /petsc/src/ts/utils/dmplexlandau/tutorials/ex2.c (revision 2fa40bb9206b96114faa7cb222621ec184d31cd2)
1 static char help[] = "Runaway electron model with Landau collision operator\n\n";
2 
3 #include <petscdmplex.h>
4 #include <petsclandau.h>
5 #include <petscts.h>
6 #include <petscds.h>
7 #include <petscdmcomposite.h>
8 
9 /* data for runaway electron model */
10 typedef struct REctx_struct {
11   PetscErrorCode (*test)(TS, Vec, PetscInt, PetscReal, PetscBool,  LandauCtx *, struct REctx_struct *);
12   PetscErrorCode (*impuritySrcRate)(PetscReal, PetscReal *, LandauCtx*);
13   PetscErrorCode (*E)(Vec, Vec, PetscInt, PetscReal, LandauCtx*, PetscReal *);
14   PetscReal     T_cold;        /* temperature of newly ionized electrons and impurity ions */
15   PetscReal     ion_potential; /* ionization potential of impurity */
16   PetscReal     Ne_ion;        /* effective number of electrons shed in ioization of impurity */
17   PetscReal     Ez_initial;
18   PetscReal     L;             /* inductance */
19   Vec           X_0;
20   PetscInt      imp_idx;       /* index for impurity ionizing sink */
21   PetscReal     pulse_start;
22   PetscReal     pulse_width;
23   PetscReal     pulse_rate;
24   PetscReal     current_rate;
25   PetscInt      plotIdx;
26   PetscInt      plotStep;
27   PetscInt      idx; /* cache */
28   PetscReal     j; /* cache */
29   PetscReal     plotDt;
30   PetscBool     plotting;
31   PetscBool     use_spitzer_eta;
32   PetscInt      print_period;
33 } REctx;
34 
35 static const PetscReal kev_joul = 6.241506479963235e+15; /* 1/1000e */
36 
37 #define RE_CUT 3.
38 /* < v, u_re * v * q > */
39 static void f0_j_re(PetscInt dim, PetscInt Nf, PetscInt NfAux,
40                     const PetscInt uOff[], const PetscInt uOff_x[], const PetscScalar u[], const PetscScalar u_t[], const PetscScalar u_x[],
41                     const PetscInt aOff[], const PetscInt aOff_x[], const PetscScalar a[], const PetscScalar a_t[], const PetscScalar a_x[],
42                     PetscReal t, const PetscReal x[],  PetscInt numConstants, const PetscScalar constants[], PetscScalar *f0)
43 {
44   PetscReal n_e = PetscRealPart(u[0]);
45   if (dim==2) {
46     if (x[1] > RE_CUT || x[1] < -RE_CUT) { /* simply a cutoff for REs. v_|| > 3 v(T_e) */
47       *f0 = n_e * 2.*PETSC_PI*x[0] * x[1] * constants[0]; /* n * r * v_|| * q */
48     } else {
49       *f0 = 0;
50     }
51   } else {
52     if (x[2] > RE_CUT || x[2] < -RE_CUT) { /* simply a cutoff for REs. v_|| > 3 v(T_e) */
53       *f0 = n_e                * x[2] * constants[0];
54     } else {
55       *f0 = 0;
56     }
57   }
58 }
59 
60 /* sum < v, u*v*q > */
61 static void f0_jz_sum(PetscInt dim, PetscInt Nf, PetscInt NfAux,
62                       const PetscInt uOff[], const PetscInt uOff_x[], const PetscScalar u[], const PetscScalar u_t[], const PetscScalar u_x[],
63                       const PetscInt aOff[], const PetscInt aOff_x[], const PetscScalar a[], const PetscScalar a_t[], const PetscScalar a_x[],
64                       PetscReal t, const PetscReal x[],  PetscInt numConstants, const PetscScalar q[], PetscScalar *f0)
65 {
66   PetscInt ii;
67   f0[0] = 0;
68   if (dim==2) {
69     for (ii=0;ii<Nf;ii++) f0[0] += u[ii] * 2.*PETSC_PI*x[0] * x[1] * q[ii]; /* n * r * v_|| * q * v_0 */
70   } else {
71     for (ii=0;ii<Nf;ii++) f0[0] += u[ii]                * x[2] * q[ii]; /* n * v_|| * q  * v_0 */
72   }
73 }
74 
75 /* < v, n_e > */
76 static void f0_n(PetscInt dim, PetscInt Nf, PetscInt NfAux,
77                   const PetscInt uOff[], const PetscInt uOff_x[], const PetscScalar u[], const PetscScalar u_t[], const PetscScalar u_x[],
78                   const PetscInt aOff[], const PetscInt aOff_x[], const PetscScalar a[], const PetscScalar a_t[], const PetscScalar a_x[],
79                   PetscReal t, const PetscReal x[],  PetscInt numConstants, const PetscScalar constants[], PetscScalar *f0)
80 {
81   PetscInt ii = (PetscInt)PetscRealPart(constants[0]);
82   if (dim==2) f0[0] = 2.*PETSC_PI*x[0]*u[ii];
83   else {
84     f0[0] =                        u[ii];
85   }
86 }
87 
88 /* < v, n_e v_|| > */
89 static void f0_vz(PetscInt dim, PetscInt Nf, PetscInt NfAux,
90                    const PetscInt uOff[], const PetscInt uOff_x[], const PetscScalar u[], const PetscScalar u_t[], const PetscScalar u_x[],
91                    const PetscInt aOff[], const PetscInt aOff_x[], const PetscScalar a[], const PetscScalar a_t[], const PetscScalar a_x[],
92                    PetscReal t, const PetscReal x[],  PetscInt numConstants, const PetscScalar constants[], PetscScalar *f0)
93 {
94   PetscInt ii = (PetscInt)PetscRealPart(constants[0]);
95   if (dim==2) f0[0] = u[ii] * 2.*PETSC_PI*x[0] * x[1]; /* n r v_|| */
96   else {
97     f0[0] =           u[ii] *                x[2]; /* n v_|| */
98   }
99 }
100 
101 /* < v, n_e (v-shift) > */
102 static void f0_ve_shift(PetscInt dim, PetscInt Nf, PetscInt NfAux,
103                          const PetscInt uOff[], const PetscInt uOff_x[], const PetscScalar u[], const PetscScalar u_t[], const PetscScalar u_x[],
104                          const PetscInt aOff[], const PetscInt aOff_x[], const PetscScalar a[], const PetscScalar a_t[], const PetscScalar a_x[],
105                          PetscReal t, const PetscReal x[],  PetscInt numConstants, const PetscScalar constants[], PetscScalar *f0)
106 {
107   PetscReal vz = numConstants>0 ? PetscRealPart(constants[0]) : 0;
108   if (dim==2) *f0 = u[0] * 2.*PETSC_PI*x[0] * PetscSqrtReal(x[0]*x[0] + (x[1]-vz)*(x[1]-vz));         /* n r v */
109   else {
110     *f0 =           u[0] *                PetscSqrtReal(x[0]*x[0] + x[1]*x[1] + (x[2]-vz)*(x[2]-vz)); /* n v */
111   }
112 }
113 
114  /* CalculateE - Calculate the electric field  */
115  /*  T        -- Electron temperature  */
116  /*  n        -- Electron density  */
117  /*  lnLambda --   */
118  /*  eps0     --  */
119  /*  E        -- output E, input \hat E */
120 static PetscReal CalculateE(PetscReal Tev, PetscReal n, PetscReal lnLambda, PetscReal eps0, PetscReal *E)
121 {
122   PetscReal c,e,m;
123 
124   PetscFunctionBegin;
125   c = 299792458.0;
126   e = 1.602176e-19;
127   m = 9.10938e-31;
128   if (1) {
129     double Ec, Ehat = *E, betath = PetscSqrtReal(2*Tev*e/(m*c*c)), j0 = Ehat * 7/(PetscSqrtReal(2)*2) * PetscPowReal(betath,3) * n * e * c;
130     Ec = n*lnLambda*PetscPowReal(e,3) / (4*PETSC_PI*PetscPowReal(eps0,2)*m*c*c);
131     *E = Ec;
132     PetscPrintf(PETSC_COMM_WORLD, "CalculateE j0=%g Ec = %g\n",j0,Ec);
133   } else {
134     PetscReal Ed, vth;
135     vth = PetscSqrtReal(8*Tev*e/(m*PETSC_PI));
136     Ed =  n*lnLambda*PetscPowReal(e,3) / (4*PETSC_PI*PetscPowReal(eps0,2)*m*vth*vth);
137     *E = Ed;
138   }
139   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
140 }
141 
142 static PetscReal Spitzer(PetscReal m_e, PetscReal e, PetscReal Z, PetscReal epsilon0,  PetscReal lnLam, PetscReal kTe_joules)
143 {
144   PetscReal Fz = (1+1.198*Z+0.222*Z*Z)/(1+2.966*Z+0.753*Z*Z), eta;
145   eta = Fz*4./3.*PetscSqrtReal(2.*PETSC_PI)*Z*PetscSqrtReal(m_e)*PetscSqr(e)*lnLam*PetscPowReal(4*PETSC_PI*epsilon0,-2.)*PetscPowReal(kTe_joules,-1.5);
146   return eta;
147 }
148 
149 /*  */
150 static PetscErrorCode testNone(TS ts, Vec X, PetscInt stepi, PetscReal time, PetscBool islast, LandauCtx *ctx, REctx *rectx)
151 {
152   PetscFunctionBeginUser;
153   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
154 }
155 
156 /*  */
157 static PetscErrorCode testSpitzer(TS ts, Vec X, PetscInt stepi, PetscReal time, PetscBool islast, LandauCtx *ctx, REctx *rectx)
158 {
159   PetscErrorCode    ierr;
160   PetscInt          ii;
161   PetscDS           prob;
162   static PetscReal  old_ratio = 1e10;
163   TSConvergedReason reason;
164   PetscReal         J,J_re,spit_eta,Te_kev=0,E,ratio,Z,n_e,v,v2;
165   PetscScalar       user[2] = {0.,ctx->charges[0]}, q[LANDAU_MAX_SPECIES],tt[LANDAU_MAX_SPECIES],vz;
166   PetscReal         dt;
167   DM                pack, plexe = ctx->plex[0], plexi = (ctx->num_grids==1) ? NULL : ctx->plex[1];
168   Vec               XsubArray[LANDAU_MAX_GRIDS];
169 
170   PetscFunctionBeginUser;
171   if (ctx->num_species!=2) SETERRQ1(PETSC_COMM_SELF, PETSC_ERR_PLIB, "ctx->num_species %D != 2",ctx->num_species);
172   ierr = VecGetDM(X, &pack);CHKERRQ(ierr);
173   if (!pack) SETERRQ(PETSC_COMM_SELF, PETSC_ERR_PLIB, "no DM");
174   ierr = DMCompositeGetAccessArray(pack, X, ctx->num_grids, NULL, XsubArray);CHKERRQ(ierr); // read only
175   ierr = TSGetTimeStep(ts,&dt);CHKERRQ(ierr);
176   /* get current for each grid */
177   for (ii=0;ii<ctx->num_species;ii++) q[ii] = ctx->charges[ii];
178   ierr = DMGetDS(plexe, &prob);CHKERRQ(ierr);
179   ierr = PetscDSSetConstants(prob, 2, &q[0]);CHKERRQ(ierr);
180   ierr = PetscDSSetObjective(prob, 0, &f0_jz_sum);CHKERRQ(ierr);
181   ierr = DMPlexComputeIntegralFEM(plexe,XsubArray[0],tt,NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
182   J = -ctx->n_0*ctx->v_0*PetscRealPart(tt[0]);
183   if (plexi) { // add ions
184     ierr = DMGetDS(plexi, &prob);CHKERRQ(ierr);
185     ierr = PetscDSSetConstants(prob, 1, &q[1]);CHKERRQ(ierr);
186     ierr = PetscDSSetObjective(prob, 0, &f0_jz_sum);CHKERRQ(ierr);
187     ierr = DMPlexComputeIntegralFEM(plexi,XsubArray[1],tt,NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
188     J += -ctx->n_0*ctx->v_0*PetscRealPart(tt[0]);
189   }
190 PetscPrintf(ctx->comm, "testSpitzer J = %10.3e\n",J);
191   /* get N_e */
192   ierr = DMGetDS(plexe, &prob);CHKERRQ(ierr);
193   ierr = PetscDSSetConstants(prob, 1, user);CHKERRQ(ierr);
194   ierr = PetscDSSetObjective(prob, 0, &f0_n);CHKERRQ(ierr);
195   ierr = DMPlexComputeIntegralFEM(plexe,XsubArray[0],tt,NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
196   n_e = PetscRealPart(tt[0])*ctx->n_0;
197   /* Z */
198   Z = -ctx->charges[1]/ctx->charges[0];
199   /* remove drift */
200   if (0) {
201     user[0] = 0; // electrons
202     ierr = DMGetDS(plexe, &prob);CHKERRQ(ierr);
203     ierr = PetscDSSetConstants(prob, 1, user);CHKERRQ(ierr);
204     ierr = PetscDSSetObjective(prob, 0, &f0_vz);CHKERRQ(ierr);
205     ierr = DMPlexComputeIntegralFEM(plexe,XsubArray[0],tt,NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
206     vz = ctx->n_0*PetscRealPart(tt[0])/n_e; /* non-dimensional */
207   } else vz = 0;
208   /* thermal velocity */
209   ierr = DMGetDS(plexe, &prob);CHKERRQ(ierr);
210   ierr = PetscDSSetConstants(prob, 1, &vz);CHKERRQ(ierr);
211   ierr = PetscDSSetObjective(prob, 0, &f0_ve_shift);CHKERRQ(ierr);
212   ierr = DMPlexComputeIntegralFEM(plexe,XsubArray[0],tt,NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
213   v = ctx->n_0*ctx->v_0*PetscRealPart(tt[0])/n_e;   /* remove number density to get velocity */
214   v2 = PetscSqr(v);                                    /* use real space: m^2 / s^2 */
215   Te_kev = (v2*ctx->masses[0]*PETSC_PI/8)*kev_joul;    /* temperature in kev */
216   spit_eta = Spitzer(ctx->masses[0],-ctx->charges[0],Z,ctx->epsilon0,ctx->lnLam,Te_kev/kev_joul); /* kev --> J (kT) */
217   if (0) {
218     ierr = DMGetDS(plexe, &prob);CHKERRQ(ierr);
219     ierr = PetscDSSetConstants(prob, 1, q);CHKERRQ(ierr);
220     ierr = PetscDSSetObjective(prob, 0, &f0_j_re);CHKERRQ(ierr);
221     ierr = DMPlexComputeIntegralFEM(plexe,XsubArray[0],tt,NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
222   } else tt[0] = 0;
223   J_re = -ctx->n_0*ctx->v_0*PetscRealPart(tt[0]);
224   ierr = DMCompositeRestoreAccessArray(pack, X, ctx->num_grids, NULL, XsubArray);CHKERRQ(ierr); // read only
225 
226   if (rectx->use_spitzer_eta) {
227     E = ctx->Ez = spit_eta*(rectx->j-J_re);
228   } else {
229     E = ctx->Ez; /* keep real E */
230     rectx->j = J; /* cache */
231   }
232 
233   ratio = E/J/spit_eta;
234   if (stepi>10 && !rectx->use_spitzer_eta && (
235         //(old_ratio-ratio < 1.e-3 && ratio > 0.99 && ratio < 1.01) ||
236         //(old_ratio-ratio < 1.e-4 && ratio > 0.98 && ratio < 1.02) ||
237         (old_ratio-ratio < 1.e-6))) {
238     rectx->pulse_start = time + 0.98*dt;
239     rectx->use_spitzer_eta = PETSC_TRUE;
240   }
241   ierr = TSGetConvergedReason(ts,&reason);CHKERRQ(ierr);
242   ierr = TSGetConvergedReason(ts,&reason);CHKERRQ(ierr);
243   if ((rectx->plotting) || stepi == 0 || reason || rectx->pulse_start == time + 0.98*dt) {
244     ierr = PetscPrintf(ctx->comm, "testSpitzer: %4D) time=%11.4e n_e= %10.3e E= %10.3e J= %10.3e J_re= %10.3e %.3g%% Te_kev= %10.3e Z_eff=%g E/J to eta ratio= %g (diff=%g) %s %s\n",stepi,time,n_e/ctx->n_0,ctx->Ez,J,J_re,100*J_re/J, Te_kev,Z,ratio,old_ratio-ratio, rectx->use_spitzer_eta ? "using Spitzer eta*J E" : "constant E",rectx->pulse_start != time + 0.98*dt ? "normal" : "transition");CHKERRQ(ierr);
245     if (rectx->pulse_start == time + 0.98*dt) SETERRQ1(PETSC_COMM_WORLD,PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONG,"Spitzer complet ratio=%g",ratio);
246   }
247   old_ratio = ratio;
248   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
249 }
250 
251 static const double ppp = 2;
252 static void f0_0_diff_lp(PetscInt dim, PetscInt Nf, PetscInt NfAux,
253                           const PetscInt uOff[], const PetscInt uOff_x[], const PetscScalar u[], const PetscScalar u_t[], const PetscScalar u_x[],
254                           const PetscInt aOff[], const PetscInt aOff_x[], const PetscScalar a[], const PetscScalar a_t[], const PetscScalar a_x[],
255                           PetscReal t, const PetscReal x[],  PetscInt numConstants, const PetscScalar constants[], PetscScalar *f0)
256 {
257   LandauCtx       *ctx = (LandauCtx *)constants;
258   REctx           *rectx = (REctx*)ctx->data;
259   PetscInt        ii = rectx->idx, i;
260   const PetscReal kT_m = ctx->k*ctx->thermal_temps[ii]/ctx->masses[ii]; /* kT/m */
261   const PetscReal n = ctx->n[ii];
262   PetscReal       diff, f_maxwell, v2 = 0, theta = 2*kT_m/(ctx->v_0*ctx->v_0); /* theta = 2kT/mc^2 */
263   for (i = 0; i < dim; ++i) v2 += x[i]*x[i];
264   f_maxwell = n*PetscPowReal(PETSC_PI*theta,-1.5)*(PetscExpReal(-v2/theta));
265   diff = 2.*PETSC_PI*x[0]*(PetscRealPart(u[ii]) - f_maxwell);
266   f0[0] = PetscPowReal(diff,ppp);
267 }
268 static void f0_0_maxwellian_lp(PetscInt dim, PetscInt Nf, PetscInt NfAux,
269                           const PetscInt uOff[], const PetscInt uOff_x[], const PetscScalar u[], const PetscScalar u_t[], const PetscScalar u_x[],
270                           const PetscInt aOff[], const PetscInt aOff_x[], const PetscScalar a[], const PetscScalar a_t[], const PetscScalar a_x[],
271                           PetscReal t, const PetscReal x[],  PetscInt numConstants, const PetscScalar constants[], PetscScalar *f0)
272 {
273   LandauCtx       *ctx = (LandauCtx *)constants;
274   REctx           *rectx = (REctx*)ctx->data;
275   PetscInt        ii = rectx->idx, i;
276   const PetscReal kT_m = ctx->k*ctx->thermal_temps[ii]/ctx->masses[ii]; /* kT/m */
277   const PetscReal n = ctx->n[ii];
278   PetscReal       f_maxwell, v2 = 0, theta = 2*kT_m/(ctx->v_0*ctx->v_0); /* theta = 2kT/mc^2 */
279   for (i = 0; i < dim; ++i) v2 += x[i]*x[i];
280   f_maxwell = 2.*PETSC_PI*x[0] * n*PetscPowReal(PETSC_PI*theta,-1.5)*(PetscExpReal(-v2/theta));
281   f0[0] = PetscPowReal(f_maxwell,ppp);
282 }
283 
284 /*  */
285 static PetscErrorCode testStable(TS ts, Vec X, PetscInt stepi, PetscReal time, PetscBool islast, LandauCtx *ctx, REctx *rectx)
286 {
287   PetscErrorCode    ierr;
288   PetscDS           prob;
289   Vec               X2;
290   PetscReal         ediff,idiff=0,lpm0,lpm1=1;
291   PetscScalar       tt[LANDAU_MAX_SPECIES];
292   DM                dm, plex = ctx->plex[0];
293 
294   PetscFunctionBeginUser;
295   ierr = VecGetDM(X, &dm);CHKERRQ(ierr);
296   ierr = DMGetDS(plex, &prob);CHKERRQ(ierr);
297   ierr = VecDuplicate(X,&X2);CHKERRQ(ierr);
298   ierr = VecCopy(X,X2);CHKERRQ(ierr);
299   if (!rectx->X_0) {
300     ierr = VecDuplicate(X,&rectx->X_0);CHKERRQ(ierr);
301     ierr = VecCopy(X,rectx->X_0);CHKERRQ(ierr);
302   }
303   ierr = VecAXPY(X,-1.0,rectx->X_0);CHKERRQ(ierr);
304   ierr = PetscDSSetConstants(prob, sizeof(LandauCtx)/sizeof(PetscScalar), (PetscScalar*)ctx);CHKERRQ(ierr);
305   rectx->idx = 0;
306   ierr = PetscDSSetObjective(prob, 0, &f0_0_diff_lp);CHKERRQ(ierr);
307   ierr = DMPlexComputeIntegralFEM(plex,X2,tt,NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
308   ediff = PetscPowReal(PetscRealPart(tt[0]),1./ppp);
309   ierr = PetscDSSetObjective(prob, 0, &f0_0_maxwellian_lp);CHKERRQ(ierr);
310   ierr = DMPlexComputeIntegralFEM(plex,X2,tt,NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
311   lpm0 = PetscPowReal(PetscRealPart(tt[0]),1./ppp);
312   if (ctx->num_species>1) {
313     rectx->idx = 1;
314     ierr = PetscDSSetObjective(prob, 0, &f0_0_diff_lp);CHKERRQ(ierr);
315     ierr = DMPlexComputeIntegralFEM(plex,X2,tt,NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
316     idiff = PetscPowReal(PetscRealPart(tt[0]),1./ppp);
317     ierr = PetscDSSetObjective(prob, 0, &f0_0_maxwellian_lp);CHKERRQ(ierr);
318     ierr = DMPlexComputeIntegralFEM(plex,X2,tt,NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
319     lpm1 = PetscPowReal(PetscRealPart(tt[0]),1./ppp);
320   }
321   ierr = PetscPrintf(PETSC_COMM_WORLD, "%s %D) time=%10.3e n-%d norm electrons/max=%20.13e ions/max=%20.13e\n", "----",stepi,time,(int)ppp,ediff/lpm0,idiff/lpm1);CHKERRQ(ierr);
322   /* view */
323   ierr = VecCopy(X2,X);CHKERRQ(ierr);
324   ierr = VecDestroy(&X2);CHKERRQ(ierr);
325   if (islast) {
326     ierr = VecDestroy(&rectx->X_0);CHKERRQ(ierr);
327     rectx->X_0 = NULL;
328   }
329   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
330 }
331 
332 static PetscErrorCode EInduction(Vec X, Vec X_t, PetscInt step, PetscReal time, LandauCtx *ctx, PetscReal *a_E)
333 {
334   REctx             *rectx = (REctx*)ctx->data;
335   PetscErrorCode    ierr;
336   PetscInt          ii;
337   DM                dm,plex;
338   PetscScalar       tt[LANDAU_MAX_SPECIES], qv0[LANDAU_MAX_SPECIES];
339   PetscReal         dJ_dt;
340   PetscDS           prob;
341 
342   PetscFunctionBeginUser;
343   for (ii=0;ii<ctx->num_species;ii++) qv0[ii] = ctx->charges[ii]*ctx->v_0;
344   ierr = VecGetDM(X, &dm);CHKERRQ(ierr);
345   ierr = DMGetDS(dm, &prob);CHKERRQ(ierr);
346   ierr = DMConvert(dm, DMPLEX, &plex);CHKERRQ(ierr);
347   /* get d current / dt */
348   ierr = PetscDSSetConstants(prob, ctx->num_species, qv0);CHKERRQ(ierr);
349   ierr = PetscDSSetObjective(prob, 0, &f0_jz_sum);CHKERRQ(ierr);
350   if (!X_t) SETERRQ(PETSC_COMM_SELF, PETSC_ERR_PLIB, "X_t");
351   ierr = DMPlexComputeIntegralFEM(plex,X_t,tt,NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
352   dJ_dt = -ctx->n_0*PetscRealPart(tt[0])/ctx->t_0;
353   /* E induction */
354   *a_E = -rectx->L*dJ_dt + rectx->Ez_initial;
355   ierr = DMDestroy(&plex);CHKERRQ(ierr);
356   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
357 }
358 
359 static PetscErrorCode EConstant(Vec X,  Vec X_t, PetscInt step, PetscReal time, LandauCtx *ctx, PetscReal *a_E)
360 {
361   PetscFunctionBeginUser;
362   *a_E = ctx->Ez;
363   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
364 }
365 
366 static PetscErrorCode ENone(Vec X,  Vec X_t, PetscInt step, PetscReal time, LandauCtx *ctx, PetscReal *a_E)
367 {
368   PetscFunctionBeginUser;
369   *a_E = 0;
370   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
371 }
372 
373 /* ------------------------------------------------------------------- */
374 /*
375    FormSource - Evaluates source terms F(t).
376 
377    Input Parameters:
378 .  ts - the TS context
379 .  time -
380 .  X_dummmy - input vector
381 .  dummy - optional user-defined context, as set by SNESSetFunction()
382 
383    Output Parameter:
384 .  F - function vector
385  */
386 static PetscErrorCode FormSource(TS ts, PetscReal ftime, Vec X_dummmy, Vec F, void *dummy)
387 {
388   PetscReal      new_imp_rate;
389   LandauCtx      *ctx;
390   DM             pack;
391   PetscErrorCode ierr;
392   REctx          *rectx;
393 
394   PetscFunctionBeginUser;
395   ierr = TSGetDM(ts,&pack);CHKERRQ(ierr);
396   ierr = DMGetApplicationContext(pack, &ctx);CHKERRQ(ierr);
397   rectx = (REctx*)ctx->data;
398   /* check for impurities */
399   ierr = rectx->impuritySrcRate(ftime,&new_imp_rate,ctx);CHKERRQ(ierr);
400   if (new_imp_rate != 0) {
401     if (new_imp_rate != rectx->current_rate) {
402       PetscInt       ii;
403       PetscReal      dne_dt,dni_dt,tilda_ns[LANDAU_MAX_SPECIES],temps[LANDAU_MAX_SPECIES];
404       Vec            globFarray[LANDAU_MAX_GRIDS];
405       rectx->current_rate = new_imp_rate;
406       for (ii=1;ii<LANDAU_MAX_SPECIES;ii++) tilda_ns[ii] = 0;
407       for (ii=1;ii<LANDAU_MAX_SPECIES;ii++)    temps[ii] = 1;
408       dni_dt = new_imp_rate               /* *ctx->t_0 */; /* fully ionized immediately, no normalize, stay in non-dim */
409       dne_dt = new_imp_rate*rectx->Ne_ion /* *ctx->t_0 */;
410       tilda_ns[0] = dne_dt;        tilda_ns[rectx->imp_idx] = dni_dt;
411       temps[0]    = rectx->T_cold;    temps[rectx->imp_idx] = rectx->T_cold;
412       ierr = PetscInfo4(ctx->plex[0], "\tHave new_imp_rate= %10.3e time= %10.3e de/dt= %10.3e di/dt= %10.3e ***\n",new_imp_rate,ftime,dne_dt,dni_dt);CHKERRQ(ierr);
413       ierr = DMCompositeGetAccessArray(pack, F, ctx->num_grids, NULL, globFarray);CHKERRQ(ierr);
414       for (PetscInt grid=0 ; grid<ctx->num_grids ; grid++) {
415         /* add it */
416         ierr = LandauAddMaxwellians(ctx->plex[grid],globFarray[grid],ftime,temps,tilda_ns,grid,ctx);CHKERRQ(ierr);
417         ierr = VecViewFromOptions(globFarray[grid],NULL,"-vec_view_sources");CHKERRQ(ierr);
418       }
419       ierr = DMCompositeRestoreAccessArray(pack, F, ctx->num_grids, NULL, globFarray);CHKERRQ(ierr);
420     }
421   } else {
422     ierr = VecZeroEntries(F);CHKERRQ(ierr);
423     rectx->current_rate = 0;
424   }
425   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
426 }
427 PetscErrorCode Monitor(TS ts, PetscInt stepi, PetscReal time, Vec X, void *actx)
428 {
429   LandauCtx         *ctx = (LandauCtx*) actx;   /* user-defined application context */
430   REctx             *rectx = (REctx*)ctx->data;
431   DM                pack;
432   Vec               globXArray[LANDAU_MAX_GRIDS];
433   TSConvergedReason reason;
434   PetscErrorCode    ierr;
435   PetscFunctionBeginUser;
436   ierr = VecGetDM(X, &pack);CHKERRQ(ierr);
437   ierr = DMCompositeGetAccessArray(pack, X, ctx->num_grids, NULL, globXArray);CHKERRQ(ierr);
438   if (stepi > rectx->plotStep && rectx->plotting) {
439     rectx->plotting = PETSC_FALSE; /* was doing diagnostics, now done */
440     rectx->plotIdx++;
441   }
442   /* view */
443   ierr = TSGetConvergedReason(ts,&reason);CHKERRQ(ierr);
444   if (time/rectx->plotDt >= (PetscReal)rectx->plotIdx || reason) {
445     if ((reason || stepi==0 || rectx->plotIdx%rectx->print_period==0) && ctx->verbose > 0) {
446       /* print norms */
447       ierr = LandauPrintNorms(X, stepi);CHKERRQ(ierr);
448     }
449     if (!rectx->plotting) { /* first step of possible backtracks */
450       rectx->plotting = PETSC_TRUE;
451       /* diagnostics + change E field with Sptizer (not just a monitor) */
452       ierr = rectx->test(ts,X,stepi,time,reason ? PETSC_TRUE : PETSC_FALSE, ctx, rectx);CHKERRQ(ierr);
453     } else {
454       PetscPrintf(PETSC_COMM_WORLD, "\t\t ERROR SKIP test spit ------\n");
455       rectx->plotting = PETSC_TRUE;
456     }
457     ierr = PetscObjectSetName((PetscObject) globXArray[0], ctx->plex[1] ? "ue" : "ux");CHKERRQ(ierr);
458     if (ctx->plex[1]) {
459       ierr = PetscObjectSetName((PetscObject) globXArray[1], "ui");CHKERRQ(ierr);
460     }
461     /* view, overwrite step when back tracked */
462     ierr = DMSetOutputSequenceNumber(pack, rectx->plotIdx, time*ctx->t_0);CHKERRQ(ierr);
463     ierr = VecViewFromOptions(globXArray[0],NULL,"-vec_view_e");CHKERRQ(ierr);
464     if (ctx->plex[1]) {
465       ierr = VecViewFromOptions(globXArray[1],NULL,"-vec_view_i");CHKERRQ(ierr);
466     }
467     rectx->plotStep = stepi;
468   } else {
469     if (rectx->plotting) PetscPrintf(PETSC_COMM_WORLD," ERROR rectx->plotting=%D step %D\n",rectx->plotting,stepi);
470     /* diagnostics + change E field with Sptizer (not just a monitor) - can we lag this? */
471     ierr = rectx->test(ts,X,stepi,time,reason ? PETSC_TRUE : PETSC_FALSE, ctx, rectx);CHKERRQ(ierr);
472   }
473   ierr = DMCompositeRestoreAccessArray(pack, X, ctx->num_grids, NULL, globXArray);CHKERRQ(ierr);
474   /* parallel check */
475   if (reason && ctx->verbose > 0) {
476     PetscReal    val,rval;
477     PetscMPIInt  rank;
478     ierr = MPI_Comm_rank(PETSC_COMM_WORLD, &rank);CHKERRMPI(ierr);
479     ierr = TSGetSolution(ts, &X);CHKERRQ(ierr);
480     ierr = VecNorm(X,NORM_2,&val);CHKERRQ(ierr);
481     ierr = MPIU_Allreduce(&val,&rval,1,MPIU_REAL,MPIU_MAX,PETSC_COMM_WORLD);CHKERRMPI(ierr);
482     if (rval != val) {
483       ierr = PetscPrintf(PETSC_COMM_SELF, " ***** [%D] ERROR max |x| = %22.15e, my |x| = %22.15e diff=%e\n",rank,rval,val,rval-val);CHKERRQ(ierr);
484     } else {
485       ierr = PetscPrintf(PETSC_COMM_WORLD, "[%D] parallel consistency check OK\n",rank);CHKERRQ(ierr);
486     }
487   }
488   rectx->idx = 0;
489   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
490 }
491 
492 PetscErrorCode PreStep(TS ts)
493 {
494   PetscErrorCode ierr;
495   LandauCtx      *ctx;
496   REctx          *rectx;
497   DM             dm;
498   PetscInt       stepi;
499   PetscReal      time;
500   Vec            X;
501 
502   PetscFunctionBeginUser;
503   /* not used */
504   ierr = TSGetDM(ts,&dm);CHKERRQ(ierr);
505   ierr = TSGetTime(ts,&time);CHKERRQ(ierr);
506   ierr = TSGetSolution(ts,&X);CHKERRQ(ierr);
507   ierr = DMGetApplicationContext(dm, &ctx);CHKERRQ(ierr);
508   rectx = (REctx*)ctx->data;
509   ierr = TSGetStepNumber(ts, &stepi);CHKERRQ(ierr);
510   /* update E */
511   ierr = rectx->E(X, NULL, stepi, time, ctx, &ctx->Ez);CHKERRQ(ierr);
512   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
513 }
514 
515 /* model for source of non-ionized impurities, profile provided by model, in du/dt form in normalized units (tricky because n_0 is normalized with electrons) */
516 static PetscErrorCode stepSrc(PetscReal time, PetscReal *rho, LandauCtx *ctx)
517 {
518   REctx         *rectx = (REctx*)ctx->data;
519 
520   PetscFunctionBeginUser;
521   if (time >= rectx->pulse_start) *rho = rectx->pulse_rate;
522   else *rho = 0.;
523   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
524 }
525 static PetscErrorCode zeroSrc(PetscReal time, PetscReal *rho, LandauCtx *ctx)
526 {
527   PetscFunctionBeginUser;
528   *rho = 0.;
529   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
530 }
531 static PetscErrorCode pulseSrc(PetscReal time, PetscReal *rho, LandauCtx *ctx)
532 {
533   REctx *rectx = (REctx*)ctx->data;
534 
535   PetscFunctionBeginUser;
536   if (rectx->pulse_start == PETSC_MAX_REAL) SETERRQ(PETSC_COMM_WORLD,PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONG,"'-ex2_pulse_start_time X' must be used with '-ex2_impurity_source_type pulse'");
537   if (time < rectx->pulse_start || time > rectx->pulse_start + 3*rectx->pulse_width) *rho = 0;
538   /* else if (0) { */
539   /*   double t = time - rectx->pulse_start, start = rectx->pulse_width, stop = 2*rectx->pulse_width, cycle = 3*rectx->pulse_width, steep = 5, xi = 0.75 - (stop - start)/(2* cycle); */
540   /*   *rho = rectx->pulse_rate * (cycle / (stop - start)) / (1 + PetscExpReal(steep*(PetscSinReal(2*PETSC_PI*((t - start)/cycle + xi)) - PetscSinReal(2*PETSC_PI*xi)))); */
541   /* } else if (0) { */
542   /*   double x = 2*(time - rectx->pulse_start)/(3*rectx->pulse_width) - 1; */
543   /*   if (x==1 || x==-1) *rho = 0; */
544   /*   else *rho = rectx->pulse_rate * PetscExpReal(-1/(1-x*x)); */
545   /* } */
546   else {
547     double x = PetscSinReal((time-rectx->pulse_start)/(3*rectx->pulse_width)*2*PETSC_PI - PETSC_PI/2) + 1; /* 0:2, integrates to 1.0 */
548     *rho = rectx->pulse_rate * x / (3*rectx->pulse_width);
549     if (!rectx->use_spitzer_eta) rectx->use_spitzer_eta = PETSC_TRUE; /* use it next time */
550   }
551   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
552 }
553 
554 #undef __FUNCT__
555 #define __FUNCT__ "ProcessREOptions"
556 static PetscErrorCode ProcessREOptions(REctx *rectx, const LandauCtx *ctx, DM dm, const char prefix[])
557 {
558   PetscErrorCode    ierr;
559   PetscFunctionList plist = NULL, testlist = NULL, elist = NULL;
560   char              pname[256],testname[256],ename[256];
561   DM                dm_dummy;
562   PetscBool         Connor_E = PETSC_FALSE;
563 
564   PetscFunctionBeginUser;
565   ierr = DMCreate(PETSC_COMM_WORLD,&dm_dummy);CHKERRQ(ierr);
566   rectx->Ne_ion = 1;                 /* number of electrons given up by impurity ion */
567   rectx->T_cold = .005;              /* kev */
568   rectx->ion_potential = 15;         /* ev */
569   rectx->L = 2;
570   rectx->X_0 = NULL;
571   rectx->imp_idx = ctx->num_species - 1; /* default ionized impurity as last one */
572   rectx->pulse_start = PETSC_MAX_REAL;
573   rectx->pulse_width = 1;
574   rectx->plotStep = PETSC_MAX_INT;
575   rectx->pulse_rate = 1.e-1;
576   rectx->current_rate = 0;
577   rectx->plotIdx = 0;
578   rectx->j = 0;
579   rectx->plotDt = 1.0;
580   rectx->plotting = PETSC_FALSE;
581   rectx->use_spitzer_eta = PETSC_FALSE;
582   rectx->idx = 0;
583   rectx->print_period = 10;
584   /* Register the available impurity sources */
585   ierr = PetscFunctionListAdd(&plist,"step",&stepSrc);CHKERRQ(ierr);
586   ierr = PetscFunctionListAdd(&plist,"none",&zeroSrc);CHKERRQ(ierr);
587   ierr = PetscFunctionListAdd(&plist,"pulse",&pulseSrc);CHKERRQ(ierr);
588   ierr = PetscStrcpy(pname,"none");CHKERRQ(ierr);
589   ierr = PetscFunctionListAdd(&testlist,"none",&testNone);CHKERRQ(ierr);
590   ierr = PetscFunctionListAdd(&testlist,"spitzer",&testSpitzer);CHKERRQ(ierr);
591   ierr = PetscFunctionListAdd(&testlist,"stable",&testStable);CHKERRQ(ierr);
592   ierr = PetscStrcpy(testname,"none");CHKERRQ(ierr);
593   ierr = PetscFunctionListAdd(&elist,"none",&ENone);CHKERRQ(ierr);
594   ierr = PetscFunctionListAdd(&elist,"induction",&EInduction);CHKERRQ(ierr);
595   ierr = PetscFunctionListAdd(&elist,"constant",&EConstant);CHKERRQ(ierr);
596   ierr = PetscStrcpy(ename,"constant");CHKERRQ(ierr);
597 
598   ierr = PetscOptionsBegin(PETSC_COMM_SELF, prefix, "Options for Runaway/seed electron model", "none");CHKERRQ(ierr);
599   ierr = PetscOptionsReal("-ex2_plot_dt", "Plotting interval", "xgc_dmplex.c", rectx->plotDt, &rectx->plotDt, NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
600   if (rectx->plotDt < 0) rectx->plotDt = 1e30;
601   if (rectx->plotDt == 0) rectx->plotDt = 1e-30;
602   ierr = PetscOptionsInt("-ex2_print_period", "Plotting interval", "xgc_dmplex.c", rectx->print_period, &rectx->print_period, NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
603   ierr = PetscOptionsFList("-ex2_impurity_source_type","Name of impurity source to run","",plist,pname,pname,sizeof(pname),NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
604   ierr = PetscOptionsFList("-ex2_test_type","Name of test to run","",testlist,testname,testname,sizeof(testname),NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
605   ierr = PetscOptionsInt("-ex2_impurity_index", "index of sink for impurities", "none", rectx->imp_idx, &rectx->imp_idx, NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
606   if ((rectx->imp_idx >= ctx->num_species || rectx->imp_idx < 1) && ctx->num_species > 1) SETERRQ1(PETSC_COMM_WORLD,PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONG,"index of sink for impurities ions is out of range (%D), must be > 0 && < NS",rectx->imp_idx);
607   ierr = PetscOptionsFList("-ex2_e_field_type","Electric field type","",elist,ename,ename,sizeof(ename),NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
608   rectx->Ne_ion = -ctx->charges[rectx->imp_idx]/ctx->charges[0];
609   ierr = PetscOptionsReal("-ex2_t_cold","Temperature of cold electron and ions after ionization in keV","none",rectx->T_cold,&rectx->T_cold, NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
610   ierr = PetscOptionsReal("-ex2_pulse_start_time","Time at which pulse happens for 'pulse' source","none",rectx->pulse_start,&rectx->pulse_start, NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
611   ierr = PetscOptionsReal("-ex2_pulse_width_time","Width of pulse 'pulse' source","none",rectx->pulse_width,&rectx->pulse_width, NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
612   ierr = PetscOptionsReal("-ex2_pulse_rate","Number density of pulse for 'pulse' source","none",rectx->pulse_rate,&rectx->pulse_rate, NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
613   rectx->T_cold *= 1.16e7; /* convert to Kelvin */
614   ierr = PetscOptionsReal("-ex2_ion_potential","Potential to ionize impurity (should be array) in ev","none",rectx->ion_potential,&rectx->ion_potential, NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
615   ierr = PetscOptionsReal("-ex2_inductance","Inductance E feild","none",rectx->L,&rectx->L, NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
616   ierr = PetscOptionsBool("-ex2_connor_e_field_units","Scale Ex but Connor-Hastie E_c","none",Connor_E,&Connor_E, NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
617   ierr = PetscInfo5(dm_dummy, "Num electrons from ions=%g, T_cold=%10.3e, ion potential=%10.3e, E_z=%10.3e v_0=%10.3e\n",rectx->Ne_ion,rectx->T_cold,rectx->ion_potential,ctx->Ez,ctx->v_0);CHKERRQ(ierr);
618   ierr = PetscOptionsEnd();CHKERRQ(ierr);
619   /* get impurity source rate function */
620   ierr = PetscFunctionListFind(plist,pname,&rectx->impuritySrcRate);CHKERRQ(ierr);
621   if (!rectx->impuritySrcRate) SETERRQ1(PETSC_COMM_WORLD,PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONG,"No impurity source function found '%s'",pname);
622   ierr = PetscFunctionListFind(testlist,testname,&rectx->test);CHKERRQ(ierr);
623   if (!rectx->test) SETERRQ1(PETSC_COMM_WORLD,PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONG,"No test found '%s'",testname);
624   ierr = PetscFunctionListFind(elist,ename,&rectx->E);CHKERRQ(ierr);
625   if (!rectx->E) SETERRQ1(PETSC_COMM_WORLD,PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONG,"No E field function found '%s'",ename);
626   ierr = PetscFunctionListDestroy(&plist);CHKERRQ(ierr);
627   ierr = PetscFunctionListDestroy(&testlist);CHKERRQ(ierr);
628   ierr = PetscFunctionListDestroy(&elist);CHKERRQ(ierr);
629 
630   /* convert E from Connor-Hastie E_c units to real if doing Spitzer E */
631   if (Connor_E) {
632     PetscReal E = ctx->Ez, Tev = ctx->thermal_temps[0]*8.621738e-5, n = ctx->n_0*ctx->n[0];
633     CalculateE(Tev, n, ctx->lnLam, ctx->epsilon0, &E);
634     ((LandauCtx*)ctx)->Ez *= E;
635   }
636   ierr = DMDestroy(&dm_dummy);CHKERRQ(ierr);
637   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
638 }
639 
640 int main(int argc, char **argv)
641 {
642   DM             pack;
643   Vec            X,XsubArray[LANDAU_MAX_GRIDS];
644   PetscErrorCode ierr;
645   PetscInt       dim = 2;
646   TS             ts;
647   Mat            J;
648   PetscDS        prob;
649   LandauCtx      *ctx;
650   REctx          *rectx;
651 #if defined PETSC_USE_LOG
652   PetscLogStage stage;
653 #endif
654   PetscMPIInt    rank;
655   ierr = PetscInitialize(&argc, &argv, NULL,help);if (ierr) return ierr;
656   ierr = MPI_Comm_rank(PETSC_COMM_WORLD, &rank);CHKERRMPI(ierr);
657   if (rank) { /* turn off output stuff for duplicate runs */
658     ierr = PetscOptionsClearValue(NULL,"-dm_view_e");CHKERRQ(ierr);
659     ierr = PetscOptionsClearValue(NULL,"-vec_view_e");CHKERRQ(ierr);
660     ierr = PetscOptionsClearValue(NULL,"-dm_view_diff_e");CHKERRQ(ierr);
661     ierr = PetscOptionsClearValue(NULL,"-vec_view_diff_e");CHKERRQ(ierr);
662     ierr = PetscOptionsClearValue(NULL,"-dm_view_sources_e");CHKERRQ(ierr);
663     ierr = PetscOptionsClearValue(NULL,"-vec_view_0_e");CHKERRQ(ierr);
664     ierr = PetscOptionsClearValue(NULL,"-dm_view_0_e");CHKERRQ(ierr);
665     ierr = PetscOptionsClearValue(NULL,"-vec_view_sources_e");CHKERRQ(ierr);
666     ierr = PetscOptionsClearValue(NULL,"-info");CHKERRQ(ierr); /* this does not work */
667     ierr = PetscOptionsClearValue(NULL,"-dm_view_i");CHKERRQ(ierr);
668     ierr = PetscOptionsClearValue(NULL,"-vec_view_i");CHKERRQ(ierr);
669     ierr = PetscOptionsClearValue(NULL,"-dm_view_diff_i");CHKERRQ(ierr);
670     ierr = PetscOptionsClearValue(NULL,"-vec_view_diff_i");CHKERRQ(ierr);
671     ierr = PetscOptionsClearValue(NULL,"-dm_view_sources_i");CHKERRQ(ierr);
672     ierr = PetscOptionsClearValue(NULL,"-vec_view_sources_i");CHKERRQ(ierr);
673     ierr = PetscOptionsClearValue(NULL,"-dm_view_0_i");CHKERRQ(ierr);
674     ierr = PetscOptionsClearValue(NULL,"-vec_view_0_i");CHKERRQ(ierr);
675   }
676   ierr = PetscOptionsGetInt(NULL,NULL, "-dim", &dim, NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
677   /* Create a mesh */
678   ierr = LandauCreateVelocitySpace(PETSC_COMM_WORLD, dim, "", &X, &J, &pack);CHKERRQ(ierr);
679   ierr = PetscObjectSetName((PetscObject)J, "Jacobian");CHKERRQ(ierr);
680   ierr = PetscObjectSetName((PetscObject)X, "f");CHKERRQ(ierr);
681   ierr = LandauCreateMassMatrix(pack, NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
682   ierr = DMGetApplicationContext(pack, &ctx);CHKERRQ(ierr);
683   ierr = DMSetUp(pack);CHKERRQ(ierr);
684   ierr = DMGetDS(pack, &prob);CHKERRQ(ierr);
685   ierr = DMCompositeGetAccessArray(pack, X, ctx->num_grids, NULL, XsubArray);CHKERRQ(ierr); // read only
686   ierr = PetscObjectSetName((PetscObject) XsubArray[0], ctx->plex[1] ? "ue" : "ux");CHKERRQ(ierr);
687   if (ctx->plex[1]) {
688     ierr = PetscObjectSetName((PetscObject) XsubArray[1], "ui");CHKERRQ(ierr);
689   }
690   ierr = DMViewFromOptions(ctx->plex[0],NULL,"-dm_view_e");CHKERRQ(ierr);
691   ierr = DMViewFromOptions(ctx->plex[0],NULL,"-dm_view_0_e");CHKERRQ(ierr);
692   ierr = VecViewFromOptions(XsubArray[0],NULL,"-vec_view_0_e");CHKERRQ(ierr); // inital condition (monitor plots after step)
693   if (ctx->plex[1]) {
694     ierr = DMViewFromOptions(ctx->plex[1],NULL,"-dm_view_i");CHKERRQ(ierr);
695     ierr = DMViewFromOptions(ctx->plex[1],NULL,"-dm_view_0_i");CHKERRQ(ierr);
696     ierr = VecViewFromOptions(XsubArray[1],NULL,"-vec_view_0_i");CHKERRQ(ierr); // inital condition (monitor plots after step)
697   }
698   ierr = DMCompositeRestoreAccessArray(pack, X, ctx->num_grids, NULL, XsubArray);CHKERRQ(ierr); // read only
699   /* context */
700   ierr = PetscNew(&rectx);CHKERRQ(ierr);
701   ctx->data = rectx;
702   ierr = ProcessREOptions(rectx,ctx,pack,"");CHKERRQ(ierr);
703   ierr = DMSetOutputSequenceNumber(pack, 0, 0.0);CHKERRQ(ierr);
704   /* Create timestepping solver context */
705   ierr = TSCreate(PETSC_COMM_SELF,&ts);CHKERRQ(ierr);
706   ierr = TSSetDM(ts,pack);CHKERRQ(ierr);
707   ierr = TSSetIFunction(ts,NULL,LandauIFunction,NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
708   ierr = TSSetIJacobian(ts,J,J,LandauIJacobian,NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
709   ierr = TSSetRHSFunction(ts,NULL,FormSource,NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
710   ierr = TSSetFromOptions(ts);CHKERRQ(ierr);
711   ierr = TSSetSolution(ts,X);CHKERRQ(ierr);
712   ierr = TSSetApplicationContext(ts, ctx);CHKERRQ(ierr);
713   ierr = TSMonitorSet(ts,Monitor,ctx,NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
714   ierr = TSSetPreStep(ts,PreStep);CHKERRQ(ierr);
715   rectx->Ez_initial = ctx->Ez;       /* cache for induction caclulation - applied E field */
716   if (1) { /* warm up an test just LandauIJacobian */
717     Vec           vec;
718     PetscInt      nsteps;
719     PetscReal     dt;
720     ierr = PetscLogStageRegister("Warmup", &stage);CHKERRQ(ierr);
721     ierr = PetscLogStagePush(stage);CHKERRQ(ierr);
722     ierr = VecDuplicate(X,&vec);CHKERRQ(ierr);
723     ierr = VecCopy(X,vec);CHKERRQ(ierr);
724     ierr = TSGetMaxSteps(ts,&nsteps);CHKERRQ(ierr);
725     ierr = TSGetTimeStep(ts,&dt);CHKERRQ(ierr);
726     ierr = TSSetMaxSteps(ts,1);CHKERRQ(ierr);
727     ierr = TSSolve(ts,X);CHKERRQ(ierr);
728     ierr = TSSetMaxSteps(ts,nsteps);CHKERRQ(ierr);
729     ierr = TSSetStepNumber(ts,0);CHKERRQ(ierr);
730     ierr = TSSetTime(ts,0);CHKERRQ(ierr);
731     ierr = TSSetTimeStep(ts,dt);CHKERRQ(ierr);
732     rectx->plotIdx = 0;
733     rectx->plotting = PETSC_FALSE;
734     ierr = PetscLogStagePop();CHKERRQ(ierr);
735     ierr = VecCopy(vec,X);CHKERRQ(ierr);
736     ierr = VecDestroy(&vec);CHKERRQ(ierr);
737     ctx->aux_bool = PETSC_FALSE; // flag for not a clean Jacobian
738   }
739   /* go */
740   ierr = PetscLogStageRegister("Solve", &stage);CHKERRQ(ierr);
741   //ierr = TSSetSolution(ts,X);CHKERRQ(ierr);
742   ierr = MPI_Barrier(MPI_COMM_WORLD);CHKERRMPI(ierr);
743   ierr = PetscLogStagePush(stage);CHKERRQ(ierr);
744   ierr = TSSolve(ts,X);CHKERRQ(ierr);
745   ierr = PetscLogStagePop();CHKERRQ(ierr);
746   /* clean up */
747   ierr = LandauDestroyVelocitySpace(&pack);CHKERRQ(ierr);
748   ierr = TSDestroy(&ts);CHKERRQ(ierr);
749   ierr = VecDestroy(&X);CHKERRQ(ierr);
750   ierr = PetscFree(rectx);CHKERRQ(ierr);
751   ierr = PetscFinalize();
752   return ierr;
753 }
754 
755 /*TEST
756   test:
757     suffix: 0
758     requires: p4est !complex double
759     args: -dm_landau_num_species_grid 1,1 -dm_landau_Ez 0 -petscspace_degree 3 -petscspace_poly_tensor 1 -dm_landau_type p4est -info :dm,tsadapt -dm_landau_ion_masses 2 -dm_landau_ion_charges 1 -dm_landau_thermal_temps 5,5 -dm_landau_n 2,2 -dm_landau_n_0 5e19 -ts_monitor -snes_rtol 1.e-10 -snes_stol 1.e-14 -snes_monitor -snes_converged_reason -snes_max_it 10 -ts_type arkimex -ts_arkimex_type 1bee -ts_max_snes_failures -1 -ts_rtol 1e-3 -ts_dt 1.e-1 -ts_max_time 1 -ts_adapt_clip .5,1.25 -ts_max_steps 2 -ts_adapt_scale_solve_failed 0.75 -ts_adapt_time_step_increase_delay 5 -pc_type lu -ksp_type preonly -dm_landau_amr_levels_max 2,2 -ex2_impurity_source_type pulse -ex2_pulse_start_time 1e-1 -ex2_pulse_width_time 10 -ex2_pulse_rate 1e-2 -ex2_t_cold .05 -ex2_plot_dt 1e-1 -dm_refine 1 -dm_landau_gpu_assembly true -dm_landau_device_type cpu
760 
761   test:
762     suffix: kokkos
763     requires: p4est !complex double kokkos_kernels
764     args: -dm_landau_num_species_grid 1,1 -dm_landau_Ez 0 -petscspace_degree 3 -petscspace_poly_tensor 1 -dm_landau_type p4est -info :tsadapt -dm_landau_ion_masses 2 -dm_landau_ion_charges 1 -dm_landau_thermal_temps 5,5 -dm_landau_n 2,2 -dm_landau_n_0 5e19 -ts_monitor -snes_rtol 1.e-10 -snes_stol 1.e-14 -snes_monitor -snes_converged_reason -snes_max_it 10 -ts_type arkimex -ts_arkimex_type 1bee -ts_max_snes_failures -1 -ts_rtol 1e-3 -ts_dt 1.e-1 -ts_max_time 1 -ts_adapt_clip .5,1.25 -ts_max_steps 2 -ts_adapt_scale_solve_failed 0.75 -ts_adapt_time_step_increase_delay 5 -pc_type lu -ksp_type preonly -dm_landau_amr_levels_max 3,2 -ex2_impurity_source_type pulse -ex2_pulse_start_time 1e-1 -ex2_pulse_width_time 10 -ex2_pulse_rate 1e-2 -ex2_t_cold .05 -ex2_plot_dt 1e-1 -dm_refine 1 -dm_landau_device_type kokkos -dm_landau_gpu_assembly true -dm_mat_type aijkokkos -dm_vec_type kokkos
765 
766   test:
767     suffix: cuda
768     requires: p4est !complex double cuda
769     args: -dm_landau_num_species_grid 1,1 -dm_landau_Ez 0 -petscspace_degree 3 -petscspace_poly_tensor 1 -dm_landau_type p4est -info :tsadapt -dm_landau_ion_masses 2 -dm_landau_ion_charges 1 -dm_landau_thermal_temps 5,5 -dm_landau_n 2,2 -dm_landau_n_0 5e19 -ts_monitor -snes_rtol 1.e-10 -snes_stol 1.e-14 -snes_monitor -snes_converged_reason -snes_max_it 10 -ts_type arkimex -ts_arkimex_type 1bee -ts_max_snes_failures -1 -ts_rtol 1e-3 -ts_dt 1.e-1 -ts_max_time 1 -ts_adapt_clip .5,1.25 -ts_max_steps 2 -ts_adapt_scale_solve_failed 0.75 -ts_adapt_time_step_increase_delay 5 -pc_type lu -ksp_type preonly -dm_landau_amr_levels_max 3,2 -ex2_impurity_source_type pulse -ex2_pulse_start_time 1e-1 -ex2_pulse_width_time 10 -ex2_pulse_rate 1e-2 -ex2_t_cold .05 -ex2_plot_dt 1e-1 -dm_refine 1 -dm_landau_device_type cuda -dm_landau_gpu_assembly true -dm_mat_type aijcusparse -dm_vec_type cuda
770 
771 TEST*/
772