xref: /petsc/src/vec/is/sf/impls/basic/sfpack.c (revision 6dd63270497ad23dcf16ae500a87ff2b2a0b7474)
1 #include <petsc/private/sfimpl.h>
2 #include <../src/vec/is/sf/impls/basic/sfpack.h>
3 #include <../src/vec/is/sf/impls/basic/sfbasic.h>
4 
5 /* This is a C file that contains packing facilities, with dispatches to device if enabled. */
6 
7 /*
8  * MPI_Reduce_local is not really useful because it can't handle sparse data and it vectorizes "in the wrong direction",
9  * therefore we pack data types manually. This file defines packing routines for the standard data types.
10  */
11 
12 #define CPPJoin4(a, b, c, d) a##_##b##_##c##_##d
13 
14 /* Operations working like s += t */
15 #define OP_BINARY(op, s, t) \
16   do { \
17     (s) = (s)op(t); \
18   } while (0) /* binary ops in the middle such as +, *, && etc. */
19 #define OP_FUNCTION(op, s, t) \
20   do { \
21     (s) = op((s), (t)); \
22   } while (0) /* ops like a function, such as PetscMax, PetscMin */
23 #define OP_LXOR(op, s, t) \
24   do { \
25     (s) = (!(s)) != (!(t)); \
26   } while (0) /* logical exclusive OR */
27 #define OP_ASSIGN(op, s, t) \
28   do { \
29     (s) = (t); \
30   } while (0)
31 /* Ref MPI MAXLOC */
32 #define OP_XLOC(op, s, t) \
33   do { \
34     if ((s).u == (t).u) (s).i = PetscMin((s).i, (t).i); \
35     else if (!((s).u op(t).u)) s = t; \
36   } while (0)
37 
38 /* DEF_PackFunc - macro defining a Pack routine
39 
40    Arguments of the macro:
41    +Type      Type of the basic data in an entry, i.e., int, PetscInt, PetscReal etc. It is not the type of an entry.
42    .BS        Block size for vectorization. It is a factor of bsz.
43    -EQ        (bs == BS) ? 1 : 0. EQ is a compile-time const to help compiler optimizations. See below.
44 
45    Arguments of the Pack routine:
46    +count     Number of indices in idx[].
47    .start     When opt and idx are NULL, it means indices are contiguous & start is the first index; otherwise, not used.
48    .opt       Per-pack optimization plan. NULL means no such plan.
49    .idx       Indices of entries to packed.
50    .link      Provide a context for the current call, such as link->bs, number of basic types in an entry. Ex. if unit is MPI_2INT, then bs=2 and the basic type is int.
51    .unpacked  Address of the unpacked data. The entries will be packed are unpacked[idx[i]],for i in [0,count).
52    -packed    Address of the packed data.
53  */
54 #define DEF_PackFunc(Type, BS, EQ) \
55   static PetscErrorCode CPPJoin4(Pack, Type, BS, EQ)(PetscSFLink link, PetscInt count, PetscInt start, PetscSFPackOpt opt, const PetscInt *idx, const void *unpacked, void *packed) \
56   { \
57     const Type    *u = (const Type *)unpacked, *u2; \
58     Type          *p = (Type *)packed, *p2; \
59     PetscInt       i, j, k, X, Y, r, bs = link->bs; \
60     const PetscInt M   = (EQ) ? 1 : bs / BS; /* If EQ, then M=1 enables compiler's const-propagation */ \
61     const PetscInt MBS = M * BS;             /* MBS=bs. We turn MBS into a compile time const when EQ=1. */ \
62     PetscFunctionBegin; \
63     if (!idx) PetscCall(PetscArraycpy(p, u + start * MBS, MBS * count)); /* idx[] are contiguous */ \
64     else if (opt) { /* has optimizations available */ p2 = p; \
65       for (r = 0; r < opt->n; r++) { \
66         u2 = u + opt->start[r] * MBS; \
67         X  = opt->X[r]; \
68         Y  = opt->Y[r]; \
69         for (k = 0; k < opt->dz[r]; k++) \
70           for (j = 0; j < opt->dy[r]; j++) { \
71             PetscCall(PetscArraycpy(p2, u2 + (X * Y * k + X * j) * MBS, opt->dx[r] * MBS)); \
72             p2 += opt->dx[r] * MBS; \
73           } \
74       } \
75     } else { \
76       for (i = 0; i < count; i++) \
77         for (j = 0; j < M; j++)    /* Decent compilers should eliminate this loop when M = const 1 */ \
78           for (k = 0; k < BS; k++) /* Compiler either unrolls (BS=1) or vectorizes (BS=2,4,8,etc) this loop */ \
79             p[i * MBS + j * BS + k] = u[idx[i] * MBS + j * BS + k]; \
80     } \
81     PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS); \
82   }
83 
84 /* DEF_Action - macro defining a UnpackAndInsert routine that unpacks data from a contiguous buffer
85                 and inserts into a sparse array.
86 
87    Arguments:
88   .Type       Type of the data
89   .BS         Block size for vectorization
90   .EQ        (bs == BS) ? 1 : 0. EQ is a compile-time const.
91 
92   Notes:
93    This macro is not combined with DEF_ActionAndOp because we want to use memcpy in this macro.
94  */
95 #define DEF_UnpackFunc(Type, BS, EQ) \
96   static PetscErrorCode CPPJoin4(UnpackAndInsert, Type, BS, EQ)(PetscSFLink link, PetscInt count, PetscInt start, PetscSFPackOpt opt, const PetscInt *idx, void *unpacked, const void *packed) \
97   { \
98     Type          *u = (Type *)unpacked, *u2; \
99     const Type    *p = (const Type *)packed; \
100     PetscInt       i, j, k, X, Y, r, bs = link->bs; \
101     const PetscInt M   = (EQ) ? 1 : bs / BS; /* If EQ, then M=1 enables compiler's const-propagation */ \
102     const PetscInt MBS = M * BS;             /* MBS=bs. We turn MBS into a compile time const when EQ=1. */ \
103     PetscFunctionBegin; \
104     if (!idx) { \
105       u += start * MBS; \
106       if (u != p) PetscCall(PetscArraycpy(u, p, count * MBS)); \
107     } else if (opt) { /* has optimizations available */ \
108       for (r = 0; r < opt->n; r++) { \
109         u2 = u + opt->start[r] * MBS; \
110         X  = opt->X[r]; \
111         Y  = opt->Y[r]; \
112         for (k = 0; k < opt->dz[r]; k++) \
113           for (j = 0; j < opt->dy[r]; j++) { \
114             PetscCall(PetscArraycpy(u2 + (X * Y * k + X * j) * MBS, p, opt->dx[r] * MBS)); \
115             p += opt->dx[r] * MBS; \
116           } \
117       } \
118     } else { \
119       for (i = 0; i < count; i++) \
120         for (j = 0; j < M; j++) \
121           for (k = 0; k < BS; k++) u[idx[i] * MBS + j * BS + k] = p[i * MBS + j * BS + k]; \
122     } \
123     PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS); \
124   }
125 
126 /* DEF_UnpackAndOp - macro defining a UnpackAndOp routine where Op should not be Insert
127 
128    Arguments:
129   +Opname     Name of the Op, such as Add, Mult, LAND, etc.
130   .Type       Type of the data
131   .BS         Block size for vectorization
132   .EQ         (bs == BS) ? 1 : 0. EQ is a compile-time const.
133   .Op         Operator for the op, such as +, *, &&, ||, PetscMax, PetscMin, etc.
134   .OpApply    Macro defining application of the op. Could be OP_BINARY, OP_FUNCTION, OP_LXOR
135  */
136 #define DEF_UnpackAndOp(Type, BS, EQ, Opname, Op, OpApply) \
137   static PetscErrorCode CPPJoin4(UnpackAnd##Opname, Type, BS, EQ)(PetscSFLink link, PetscInt count, PetscInt start, PetscSFPackOpt opt, const PetscInt *idx, void *unpacked, const void *packed) \
138   { \
139     Type          *u = (Type *)unpacked, *u2; \
140     const Type    *p = (const Type *)packed; \
141     PetscInt       i, j, k, X, Y, r, bs = link->bs; \
142     const PetscInt M   = (EQ) ? 1 : bs / BS; /* If EQ, then M=1 enables compiler's const-propagation */ \
143     const PetscInt MBS = M * BS;             /* MBS=bs. We turn MBS into a compile time const when EQ=1. */ \
144     PetscFunctionBegin; \
145     if (!idx) { \
146       u += start * MBS; \
147       for (i = 0; i < count; i++) \
148         for (j = 0; j < M; j++) \
149           for (k = 0; k < BS; k++) OpApply(Op, u[i * MBS + j * BS + k], p[i * MBS + j * BS + k]); \
150     } else if (opt) { /* idx[] has patterns */ \
151       for (r = 0; r < opt->n; r++) { \
152         u2 = u + opt->start[r] * MBS; \
153         X  = opt->X[r]; \
154         Y  = opt->Y[r]; \
155         for (k = 0; k < opt->dz[r]; k++) \
156           for (j = 0; j < opt->dy[r]; j++) { \
157             for (i = 0; i < opt->dx[r] * MBS; i++) OpApply(Op, u2[(X * Y * k + X * j) * MBS + i], p[i]); \
158             p += opt->dx[r] * MBS; \
159           } \
160       } \
161     } else { \
162       for (i = 0; i < count; i++) \
163         for (j = 0; j < M; j++) \
164           for (k = 0; k < BS; k++) OpApply(Op, u[idx[i] * MBS + j * BS + k], p[i * MBS + j * BS + k]); \
165     } \
166     PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS); \
167   }
168 
169 #define DEF_FetchAndOp(Type, BS, EQ, Opname, Op, OpApply) \
170   static PetscErrorCode CPPJoin4(FetchAnd##Opname, Type, BS, EQ)(PetscSFLink link, PetscInt count, PetscInt start, PetscSFPackOpt opt, const PetscInt *idx, void *unpacked, void *packed) \
171   { \
172     Type          *u = (Type *)unpacked, *p = (Type *)packed, tmp; \
173     PetscInt       i, j, k, r, l, bs = link->bs; \
174     const PetscInt M   = (EQ) ? 1 : bs / BS; \
175     const PetscInt MBS = M * BS; \
176     PetscFunctionBegin; \
177     for (i = 0; i < count; i++) { \
178       r = (!idx ? start + i : idx[i]) * MBS; \
179       l = i * MBS; \
180       for (j = 0; j < M; j++) \
181         for (k = 0; k < BS; k++) { \
182           tmp = u[r + j * BS + k]; \
183           OpApply(Op, u[r + j * BS + k], p[l + j * BS + k]); \
184           p[l + j * BS + k] = tmp; \
185         } \
186     } \
187     PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS); \
188   }
189 
190 #define DEF_ScatterAndOp(Type, BS, EQ, Opname, Op, OpApply) \
191   static PetscErrorCode CPPJoin4(ScatterAnd##Opname, Type, BS, EQ)(PetscSFLink link, PetscInt count, PetscInt srcStart, PetscSFPackOpt srcOpt, const PetscInt *srcIdx, const void *src, PetscInt dstStart, PetscSFPackOpt dstOpt, const PetscInt *dstIdx, void *dst) \
192   { \
193     const Type    *u = (const Type *)src; \
194     Type          *v = (Type *)dst; \
195     PetscInt       i, j, k, s, t, X, Y, bs = link->bs; \
196     const PetscInt M   = (EQ) ? 1 : bs / BS; \
197     const PetscInt MBS = M * BS; \
198     PetscFunctionBegin; \
199     if (!srcIdx) { /* src is contiguous */ \
200       u += srcStart * MBS; \
201       PetscCall(CPPJoin4(UnpackAnd##Opname, Type, BS, EQ)(link, count, dstStart, dstOpt, dstIdx, dst, u)); \
202     } else if (srcOpt && !dstIdx) { /* src is 3D, dst is contiguous */ \
203       u += srcOpt->start[0] * MBS; \
204       v += dstStart * MBS; \
205       X = srcOpt->X[0]; \
206       Y = srcOpt->Y[0]; \
207       for (k = 0; k < srcOpt->dz[0]; k++) \
208         for (j = 0; j < srcOpt->dy[0]; j++) { \
209           for (i = 0; i < srcOpt->dx[0] * MBS; i++) OpApply(Op, v[i], u[(X * Y * k + X * j) * MBS + i]); \
210           v += srcOpt->dx[0] * MBS; \
211         } \
212     } else { /* all other cases */ \
213       for (i = 0; i < count; i++) { \
214         s = (!srcIdx ? srcStart + i : srcIdx[i]) * MBS; \
215         t = (!dstIdx ? dstStart + i : dstIdx[i]) * MBS; \
216         for (j = 0; j < M; j++) \
217           for (k = 0; k < BS; k++) OpApply(Op, v[t + j * BS + k], u[s + j * BS + k]); \
218       } \
219     } \
220     PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS); \
221   }
222 
223 #define DEF_FetchAndOpLocal(Type, BS, EQ, Opname, Op, OpApply) \
224   static PetscErrorCode CPPJoin4(FetchAnd##Opname##Local, Type, BS, EQ)(PetscSFLink link, PetscInt count, PetscInt rootstart, PetscSFPackOpt rootopt, const PetscInt *rootidx, void *rootdata, PetscInt leafstart, PetscSFPackOpt leafopt, const PetscInt *leafidx, const void *leafdata, void *leafupdate) \
225   { \
226     Type          *rdata = (Type *)rootdata, *lupdate = (Type *)leafupdate; \
227     const Type    *ldata = (const Type *)leafdata; \
228     PetscInt       i, j, k, r, l, bs = link->bs; \
229     const PetscInt M   = (EQ) ? 1 : bs / BS; \
230     const PetscInt MBS = M * BS; \
231     PetscFunctionBegin; \
232     for (i = 0; i < count; i++) { \
233       r = (rootidx ? rootidx[i] : rootstart + i) * MBS; \
234       l = (leafidx ? leafidx[i] : leafstart + i) * MBS; \
235       for (j = 0; j < M; j++) \
236         for (k = 0; k < BS; k++) { \
237           lupdate[l + j * BS + k] = rdata[r + j * BS + k]; \
238           OpApply(Op, rdata[r + j * BS + k], ldata[l + j * BS + k]); \
239         } \
240     } \
241     PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS); \
242   }
243 
244 /* Pack, Unpack/Fetch ops */
245 #define DEF_Pack(Type, BS, EQ) \
246   DEF_PackFunc(Type, BS, EQ) DEF_UnpackFunc(Type, BS, EQ) DEF_ScatterAndOp(Type, BS, EQ, Insert, =, OP_ASSIGN) static void CPPJoin4(PackInit_Pack, Type, BS, EQ)(PetscSFLink link) \
247   { \
248     link->h_Pack             = CPPJoin4(Pack, Type, BS, EQ); \
249     link->h_UnpackAndInsert  = CPPJoin4(UnpackAndInsert, Type, BS, EQ); \
250     link->h_ScatterAndInsert = CPPJoin4(ScatterAndInsert, Type, BS, EQ); \
251   }
252 
253 /* Add, Mult ops */
254 #define DEF_Add(Type, BS, EQ) \
255   DEF_UnpackAndOp(Type, BS, EQ, Add, +, OP_BINARY) DEF_UnpackAndOp(Type, BS, EQ, Mult, *, OP_BINARY) DEF_FetchAndOp(Type, BS, EQ, Add, +, OP_BINARY) DEF_ScatterAndOp(Type, BS, EQ, Add, +, OP_BINARY) DEF_ScatterAndOp(Type, BS, EQ, Mult, *, OP_BINARY) DEF_FetchAndOpLocal(Type, BS, EQ, Add, +, OP_BINARY) static void CPPJoin4(PackInit_Add, Type, BS, EQ)(PetscSFLink link) \
256   { \
257     link->h_UnpackAndAdd     = CPPJoin4(UnpackAndAdd, Type, BS, EQ); \
258     link->h_UnpackAndMult    = CPPJoin4(UnpackAndMult, Type, BS, EQ); \
259     link->h_FetchAndAdd      = CPPJoin4(FetchAndAdd, Type, BS, EQ); \
260     link->h_ScatterAndAdd    = CPPJoin4(ScatterAndAdd, Type, BS, EQ); \
261     link->h_ScatterAndMult   = CPPJoin4(ScatterAndMult, Type, BS, EQ); \
262     link->h_FetchAndAddLocal = CPPJoin4(FetchAndAddLocal, Type, BS, EQ); \
263   }
264 
265 /* Max, Min ops */
266 #define DEF_Cmp(Type, BS, EQ) \
267   DEF_UnpackAndOp(Type, BS, EQ, Max, PetscMax, OP_FUNCTION) DEF_UnpackAndOp(Type, BS, EQ, Min, PetscMin, OP_FUNCTION) DEF_ScatterAndOp(Type, BS, EQ, Max, PetscMax, OP_FUNCTION) DEF_ScatterAndOp(Type, BS, EQ, Min, PetscMin, OP_FUNCTION) static void CPPJoin4(PackInit_Compare, Type, BS, EQ)(PetscSFLink link) \
268   { \
269     link->h_UnpackAndMax  = CPPJoin4(UnpackAndMax, Type, BS, EQ); \
270     link->h_UnpackAndMin  = CPPJoin4(UnpackAndMin, Type, BS, EQ); \
271     link->h_ScatterAndMax = CPPJoin4(ScatterAndMax, Type, BS, EQ); \
272     link->h_ScatterAndMin = CPPJoin4(ScatterAndMin, Type, BS, EQ); \
273   }
274 
275 /* Logical ops.
276   The operator in OP_LXOR should be empty but is ||. It is not used. Put here to avoid
277   the compilation warning "empty macro arguments are undefined in ISO C90"
278  */
279 #define DEF_Log(Type, BS, EQ) \
280   DEF_UnpackAndOp(Type, BS, EQ, LAND, &&, OP_BINARY) DEF_UnpackAndOp(Type, BS, EQ, LOR, ||, OP_BINARY) DEF_UnpackAndOp(Type, BS, EQ, LXOR, ||, OP_LXOR) DEF_ScatterAndOp(Type, BS, EQ, LAND, &&, OP_BINARY) DEF_ScatterAndOp(Type, BS, EQ, LOR, ||, OP_BINARY) DEF_ScatterAndOp(Type, BS, EQ, LXOR, ||, OP_LXOR) static void CPPJoin4(PackInit_Logical, Type, BS, EQ)(PetscSFLink link) \
281   { \
282     link->h_UnpackAndLAND  = CPPJoin4(UnpackAndLAND, Type, BS, EQ); \
283     link->h_UnpackAndLOR   = CPPJoin4(UnpackAndLOR, Type, BS, EQ); \
284     link->h_UnpackAndLXOR  = CPPJoin4(UnpackAndLXOR, Type, BS, EQ); \
285     link->h_ScatterAndLAND = CPPJoin4(ScatterAndLAND, Type, BS, EQ); \
286     link->h_ScatterAndLOR  = CPPJoin4(ScatterAndLOR, Type, BS, EQ); \
287     link->h_ScatterAndLXOR = CPPJoin4(ScatterAndLXOR, Type, BS, EQ); \
288   }
289 
290 /* Bitwise ops */
291 #define DEF_Bit(Type, BS, EQ) \
292   DEF_UnpackAndOp(Type, BS, EQ, BAND, &, OP_BINARY) DEF_UnpackAndOp(Type, BS, EQ, BOR, |, OP_BINARY) DEF_UnpackAndOp(Type, BS, EQ, BXOR, ^, OP_BINARY) DEF_ScatterAndOp(Type, BS, EQ, BAND, &, OP_BINARY) DEF_ScatterAndOp(Type, BS, EQ, BOR, |, OP_BINARY) DEF_ScatterAndOp(Type, BS, EQ, BXOR, ^, OP_BINARY) static void CPPJoin4(PackInit_Bitwise, Type, BS, EQ)(PetscSFLink link) \
293   { \
294     link->h_UnpackAndBAND  = CPPJoin4(UnpackAndBAND, Type, BS, EQ); \
295     link->h_UnpackAndBOR   = CPPJoin4(UnpackAndBOR, Type, BS, EQ); \
296     link->h_UnpackAndBXOR  = CPPJoin4(UnpackAndBXOR, Type, BS, EQ); \
297     link->h_ScatterAndBAND = CPPJoin4(ScatterAndBAND, Type, BS, EQ); \
298     link->h_ScatterAndBOR  = CPPJoin4(ScatterAndBOR, Type, BS, EQ); \
299     link->h_ScatterAndBXOR = CPPJoin4(ScatterAndBXOR, Type, BS, EQ); \
300   }
301 
302 /* Maxloc, Minloc ops */
303 #define DEF_Xloc(Type, BS, EQ) \
304   DEF_UnpackAndOp(Type, BS, EQ, Max, >, OP_XLOC) DEF_UnpackAndOp(Type, BS, EQ, Min, <, OP_XLOC) DEF_ScatterAndOp(Type, BS, EQ, Max, >, OP_XLOC) DEF_ScatterAndOp(Type, BS, EQ, Min, <, OP_XLOC) static void CPPJoin4(PackInit_Xloc, Type, BS, EQ)(PetscSFLink link) \
305   { \
306     link->h_UnpackAndMaxloc  = CPPJoin4(UnpackAndMax, Type, BS, EQ); \
307     link->h_UnpackAndMinloc  = CPPJoin4(UnpackAndMin, Type, BS, EQ); \
308     link->h_ScatterAndMaxloc = CPPJoin4(ScatterAndMax, Type, BS, EQ); \
309     link->h_ScatterAndMinloc = CPPJoin4(ScatterAndMin, Type, BS, EQ); \
310   }
311 
312 #define DEF_IntegerType(Type, BS, EQ) \
313   DEF_Pack(Type, BS, EQ) DEF_Add(Type, BS, EQ) DEF_Cmp(Type, BS, EQ) DEF_Log(Type, BS, EQ) DEF_Bit(Type, BS, EQ) static void CPPJoin4(PackInit_IntegerType, Type, BS, EQ)(PetscSFLink link) \
314   { \
315     CPPJoin4(PackInit_Pack, Type, BS, EQ)(link); \
316     CPPJoin4(PackInit_Add, Type, BS, EQ)(link); \
317     CPPJoin4(PackInit_Compare, Type, BS, EQ)(link); \
318     CPPJoin4(PackInit_Logical, Type, BS, EQ)(link); \
319     CPPJoin4(PackInit_Bitwise, Type, BS, EQ)(link); \
320   }
321 
322 #define DEF_RealType(Type, BS, EQ) \
323   DEF_Pack(Type, BS, EQ) DEF_Add(Type, BS, EQ) DEF_Cmp(Type, BS, EQ) static void CPPJoin4(PackInit_RealType, Type, BS, EQ)(PetscSFLink link) \
324   { \
325     CPPJoin4(PackInit_Pack, Type, BS, EQ)(link); \
326     CPPJoin4(PackInit_Add, Type, BS, EQ)(link); \
327     CPPJoin4(PackInit_Compare, Type, BS, EQ)(link); \
328   }
329 
330 #if defined(PETSC_HAVE_COMPLEX)
331   #define DEF_ComplexType(Type, BS, EQ) \
332     DEF_Pack(Type, BS, EQ) DEF_Add(Type, BS, EQ) static void CPPJoin4(PackInit_ComplexType, Type, BS, EQ)(PetscSFLink link) \
333     { \
334       CPPJoin4(PackInit_Pack, Type, BS, EQ)(link); \
335       CPPJoin4(PackInit_Add, Type, BS, EQ)(link); \
336     }
337 #endif
338 
339 #define DEF_DumbType(Type, BS, EQ) \
340   DEF_Pack(Type, BS, EQ) static void CPPJoin4(PackInit_DumbType, Type, BS, EQ)(PetscSFLink link) \
341   { \
342     CPPJoin4(PackInit_Pack, Type, BS, EQ)(link); \
343   }
344 
345 /* Maxloc, Minloc */
346 #define DEF_PairType(Type, BS, EQ) \
347   DEF_Pack(Type, BS, EQ) DEF_Xloc(Type, BS, EQ) static void CPPJoin4(PackInit_PairType, Type, BS, EQ)(PetscSFLink link) \
348   { \
349     CPPJoin4(PackInit_Pack, Type, BS, EQ)(link); \
350     CPPJoin4(PackInit_Xloc, Type, BS, EQ)(link); \
351   }
352 
353 DEF_IntegerType(PetscInt, 1, 1)   /* unit = 1 MPIU_INT  */
354   DEF_IntegerType(PetscInt, 2, 1) /* unit = 2 MPIU_INTs */
355   DEF_IntegerType(PetscInt, 4, 1) /* unit = 4 MPIU_INTs */
356   DEF_IntegerType(PetscInt, 8, 1) /* unit = 8 MPIU_INTs */
357   DEF_IntegerType(PetscInt, 1, 0) /* unit = 1*n MPIU_INTs, n>1 */
358   DEF_IntegerType(PetscInt, 2, 0) /* unit = 2*n MPIU_INTs, n>1 */
359   DEF_IntegerType(PetscInt, 4, 0) /* unit = 4*n MPIU_INTs, n>1 */
360   DEF_IntegerType(PetscInt, 8, 0) /* unit = 8*n MPIU_INTs, n>1. Routines with bigger BS are tried first. */
361 
362 #if defined(PETSC_USE_64BIT_INDICES) /* Do not need (though it is OK) to generate redundant functions if PetscInt is int */
363   DEF_IntegerType(int, 1, 1) DEF_IntegerType(int, 2, 1) DEF_IntegerType(int, 4, 1) DEF_IntegerType(int, 8, 1) DEF_IntegerType(int, 1, 0) DEF_IntegerType(int, 2, 0) DEF_IntegerType(int, 4, 0) DEF_IntegerType(int, 8, 0)
364 #endif
365 
366   /* The typedefs are used to get a typename without space that CPPJoin can handle */
367   typedef signed char SignedChar;
368 DEF_IntegerType(SignedChar, 1, 1) DEF_IntegerType(SignedChar, 2, 1) DEF_IntegerType(SignedChar, 4, 1) DEF_IntegerType(SignedChar, 8, 1) DEF_IntegerType(SignedChar, 1, 0) DEF_IntegerType(SignedChar, 2, 0) DEF_IntegerType(SignedChar, 4, 0) DEF_IntegerType(SignedChar, 8, 0)
369 
370   typedef unsigned char UnsignedChar;
371 DEF_IntegerType(UnsignedChar, 1, 1) DEF_IntegerType(UnsignedChar, 2, 1) DEF_IntegerType(UnsignedChar, 4, 1) DEF_IntegerType(UnsignedChar, 8, 1) DEF_IntegerType(UnsignedChar, 1, 0) DEF_IntegerType(UnsignedChar, 2, 0) DEF_IntegerType(UnsignedChar, 4, 0) DEF_IntegerType(UnsignedChar, 8, 0)
372 
373   DEF_RealType(PetscReal, 1, 1) DEF_RealType(PetscReal, 2, 1) DEF_RealType(PetscReal, 4, 1) DEF_RealType(PetscReal, 8, 1) DEF_RealType(PetscReal, 1, 0) DEF_RealType(PetscReal, 2, 0) DEF_RealType(PetscReal, 4, 0) DEF_RealType(PetscReal, 8, 0)
374 #if defined(PETSC_HAVE_COMPLEX)
375     DEF_ComplexType(PetscComplex, 1, 1) DEF_ComplexType(PetscComplex, 2, 1) DEF_ComplexType(PetscComplex, 4, 1) DEF_ComplexType(PetscComplex, 8, 1) DEF_ComplexType(PetscComplex, 1, 0) DEF_ComplexType(PetscComplex, 2, 0) DEF_ComplexType(PetscComplex, 4, 0) DEF_ComplexType(PetscComplex, 8, 0)
376 #endif
377 
378 #define PairType(Type1, Type2) Type1##_##Type2
379       typedef struct {
380   int u;
381   int i;
382 } PairType(int, int);
383 typedef struct {
384   PetscInt u;
385   PetscInt i;
386 } PairType(PetscInt, PetscInt);
387 DEF_PairType(PairType(int, int), 1, 1) DEF_PairType(PairType(PetscInt, PetscInt), 1, 1)
388 
389   /* If we don't know the basic type, we treat it as a stream of chars or ints */
390   DEF_DumbType(char, 1, 1) DEF_DumbType(char, 2, 1) DEF_DumbType(char, 4, 1) DEF_DumbType(char, 1, 0) DEF_DumbType(char, 2, 0) DEF_DumbType(char, 4, 0)
391 
392     typedef int DumbInt; /* To have a different name than 'int' used above. The name is used to make routine names. */
393 DEF_DumbType(DumbInt, 1, 1) DEF_DumbType(DumbInt, 2, 1) DEF_DumbType(DumbInt, 4, 1) DEF_DumbType(DumbInt, 8, 1) DEF_DumbType(DumbInt, 1, 0) DEF_DumbType(DumbInt, 2, 0) DEF_DumbType(DumbInt, 4, 0) DEF_DumbType(DumbInt, 8, 0)
394 
395   PetscErrorCode PetscSFLinkDestroy(PetscSF sf, PetscSFLink link)
396 {
397   PetscSF_Basic *bas = (PetscSF_Basic *)sf->data;
398   PetscInt       i, nreqs = (bas->nrootreqs + sf->nleafreqs) * 8;
399 
400   PetscFunctionBegin;
401   /* Destroy device-specific fields */
402   if (link->deviceinited) PetscCall((*link->Destroy)(sf, link));
403 
404   /* Destroy host related fields */
405   if (!link->isbuiltin) PetscCallMPI(MPI_Type_free(&link->unit));
406   if (!link->use_nvshmem) {
407     for (i = 0; i < nreqs; i++) { /* Persistent reqs must be freed. */
408       if (link->reqs[i] != MPI_REQUEST_NULL) PetscCallMPI(MPI_Request_free(&link->reqs[i]));
409     }
410     PetscCall(PetscFree(link->reqs));
411     for (i = PETSCSF_LOCAL; i <= PETSCSF_REMOTE; i++) {
412       PetscCall(PetscFree(link->rootbuf_alloc[i][PETSC_MEMTYPE_HOST]));
413       PetscCall(PetscFree(link->leafbuf_alloc[i][PETSC_MEMTYPE_HOST]));
414     }
415   }
416   PetscCall(PetscFree(link));
417   PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
418 }
419 
420 PetscErrorCode PetscSFLinkCreate(PetscSF sf, MPI_Datatype unit, PetscMemType rootmtype, const void *rootdata, PetscMemType leafmtype, const void *leafdata, MPI_Op op, PetscSFOperation sfop, PetscSFLink *mylink)
421 {
422   PetscFunctionBegin;
423   PetscCall(PetscSFSetErrorOnUnsupportedOverlap(sf, unit, rootdata, leafdata));
424 #if defined(PETSC_HAVE_NVSHMEM)
425   {
426     PetscBool use_nvshmem;
427     PetscCall(PetscSFLinkNvshmemCheck(sf, rootmtype, rootdata, leafmtype, leafdata, &use_nvshmem));
428     if (use_nvshmem) {
429       PetscCall(PetscSFLinkCreate_NVSHMEM(sf, unit, rootmtype, rootdata, leafmtype, leafdata, op, sfop, mylink));
430       PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
431     }
432   }
433 #endif
434   PetscCall(PetscSFLinkCreate_MPI(sf, unit, rootmtype, rootdata, leafmtype, leafdata, op, sfop, mylink));
435   PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
436 }
437 
438 PetscErrorCode PetscSFLinkGetInUse(PetscSF sf, MPI_Datatype unit, const void *rootdata, const void *leafdata, PetscCopyMode cmode, PetscSFLink *mylink)
439 {
440   PetscSFLink    link, *p;
441   PetscSF_Basic *bas = (PetscSF_Basic *)sf->data;
442 
443   PetscFunctionBegin;
444   /* Look for types in cache */
445   for (p = &bas->inuse; (link = *p); p = &link->next) {
446     PetscBool match;
447     PetscCall(MPIPetsc_Type_compare(unit, link->unit, &match));
448     if (match && (rootdata == link->rootdata) && (leafdata == link->leafdata)) {
449       switch (cmode) {
450       case PETSC_OWN_POINTER:
451         *p = link->next;
452         break; /* Remove from inuse list */
453       case PETSC_USE_POINTER:
454         break;
455       default:
456         SETERRQ(PETSC_COMM_SELF, PETSC_ERR_ARG_INCOMP, "invalid cmode");
457       }
458       *mylink = link;
459       PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
460     }
461   }
462   SETERRQ(PETSC_COMM_SELF, PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONGSTATE, "Could not find pack");
463 }
464 
465 PetscErrorCode PetscSFLinkReclaim(PetscSF sf, PetscSFLink *mylink)
466 {
467   PetscSF_Basic *bas  = (PetscSF_Basic *)sf->data;
468   PetscSFLink    link = *mylink;
469 
470   PetscFunctionBegin;
471   link->rootdata = NULL;
472   link->leafdata = NULL;
473   link->next     = bas->avail;
474   bas->avail     = link;
475   *mylink        = NULL;
476   PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
477 }
478 
479 /* Error out on unsupported overlapped communications */
480 PetscErrorCode PetscSFSetErrorOnUnsupportedOverlap(PetscSF sf, MPI_Datatype unit, const void *rootdata, const void *leafdata)
481 {
482   PetscSFLink    link, *p;
483   PetscSF_Basic *bas = (PetscSF_Basic *)sf->data;
484   PetscBool      match;
485 
486   PetscFunctionBegin;
487   if (PetscDefined(USE_DEBUG)) {
488     /* Look up links in use and error out if there is a match. When both rootdata and leafdata are NULL, ignore
489        the potential overlapping since this process does not participate in communication. Overlapping is harmless.
490     */
491     if (rootdata || leafdata) {
492       for (p = &bas->inuse; (link = *p); p = &link->next) {
493         PetscCall(MPIPetsc_Type_compare(unit, link->unit, &match));
494         PetscCheck(!match || rootdata != link->rootdata || leafdata != link->leafdata, PETSC_COMM_SELF, PETSC_ERR_SUP, "Overlapped PetscSF with the same rootdata(%p), leafdata(%p) and data type. Undo the overlapping to avoid the error.", rootdata, leafdata);
495       }
496     }
497   }
498   PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
499 }
500 
501 static PetscErrorCode PetscSFLinkMemcpy_Host(PetscSFLink link, PetscMemType dstmtype, void *dst, PetscMemType srcmtype, const void *src, size_t n)
502 {
503   PetscFunctionBegin;
504   if (n) PetscCall(PetscMemcpy(dst, src, n));
505   PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
506 }
507 
508 PetscErrorCode PetscSFLinkSetUp_Host(PetscSF sf, PetscSFLink link, MPI_Datatype unit)
509 {
510   PetscInt    nSignedChar = 0, nUnsignedChar = 0, nInt = 0, nPetscInt = 0, nPetscReal = 0;
511   PetscBool   is2Int, is2PetscInt;
512   MPIU_Count  ni, na, nc, nd;
513   PetscMPIInt combiner;
514 #if defined(PETSC_HAVE_COMPLEX)
515   PetscInt nPetscComplex = 0;
516 #endif
517 
518   PetscFunctionBegin;
519   PetscCall(MPIPetsc_Type_compare_contig(unit, MPI_SIGNED_CHAR, &nSignedChar));
520   PetscCall(MPIPetsc_Type_compare_contig(unit, MPI_UNSIGNED_CHAR, &nUnsignedChar));
521   /* MPI_CHAR is treated below as a dumb type that does not support reduction according to MPI standard */
522   PetscCall(MPIPetsc_Type_compare_contig(unit, MPI_INT, &nInt));
523   PetscCall(MPIPetsc_Type_compare_contig(unit, MPIU_INT, &nPetscInt));
524   PetscCall(MPIPetsc_Type_compare_contig(unit, MPIU_REAL, &nPetscReal));
525 #if defined(PETSC_HAVE_COMPLEX)
526   PetscCall(MPIPetsc_Type_compare_contig(unit, MPIU_COMPLEX, &nPetscComplex));
527 #endif
528   PetscCall(MPIPetsc_Type_compare(unit, MPI_2INT, &is2Int));
529   PetscCall(MPIPetsc_Type_compare(unit, MPIU_2INT, &is2PetscInt));
530   /* TODO: should we also handle Fortran MPI_2REAL? */
531   PetscCallMPI(MPIPetsc_Type_get_envelope(unit, &ni, &na, &nc, &nd, &combiner));
532   link->isbuiltin = (combiner == MPI_COMBINER_NAMED) ? PETSC_TRUE : PETSC_FALSE; /* unit is MPI builtin */
533   link->bs        = 1;                                                           /* default */
534 
535   if (is2Int) {
536     PackInit_PairType_int_int_1_1(link);
537     link->bs        = 1;
538     link->unitbytes = 2 * sizeof(int);
539     link->isbuiltin = PETSC_TRUE; /* unit is PETSc builtin */
540     link->basicunit = MPI_2INT;
541     link->unit      = MPI_2INT;
542   } else if (is2PetscInt) { /* TODO: when is2PetscInt and nPetscInt=2, we don't know which path to take. The two paths support different ops. */
543     PackInit_PairType_PetscInt_PetscInt_1_1(link);
544     link->bs        = 1;
545     link->unitbytes = 2 * sizeof(PetscInt);
546     link->basicunit = MPIU_2INT;
547     link->isbuiltin = PETSC_TRUE; /* unit is PETSc builtin */
548     link->unit      = MPIU_2INT;
549   } else if (nPetscReal) {
550     if (nPetscReal == 8) PackInit_RealType_PetscReal_8_1(link);
551     else if (nPetscReal % 8 == 0) PackInit_RealType_PetscReal_8_0(link);
552     else if (nPetscReal == 4) PackInit_RealType_PetscReal_4_1(link);
553     else if (nPetscReal % 4 == 0) PackInit_RealType_PetscReal_4_0(link);
554     else if (nPetscReal == 2) PackInit_RealType_PetscReal_2_1(link);
555     else if (nPetscReal % 2 == 0) PackInit_RealType_PetscReal_2_0(link);
556     else if (nPetscReal == 1) PackInit_RealType_PetscReal_1_1(link);
557     else if (nPetscReal % 1 == 0) PackInit_RealType_PetscReal_1_0(link);
558     link->bs        = nPetscReal;
559     link->unitbytes = nPetscReal * sizeof(PetscReal);
560     link->basicunit = MPIU_REAL;
561     if (link->bs == 1) {
562       link->isbuiltin = PETSC_TRUE;
563       link->unit      = MPIU_REAL;
564     }
565   } else if (nPetscInt) {
566     if (nPetscInt == 8) PackInit_IntegerType_PetscInt_8_1(link);
567     else if (nPetscInt % 8 == 0) PackInit_IntegerType_PetscInt_8_0(link);
568     else if (nPetscInt == 4) PackInit_IntegerType_PetscInt_4_1(link);
569     else if (nPetscInt % 4 == 0) PackInit_IntegerType_PetscInt_4_0(link);
570     else if (nPetscInt == 2) PackInit_IntegerType_PetscInt_2_1(link);
571     else if (nPetscInt % 2 == 0) PackInit_IntegerType_PetscInt_2_0(link);
572     else if (nPetscInt == 1) PackInit_IntegerType_PetscInt_1_1(link);
573     else if (nPetscInt % 1 == 0) PackInit_IntegerType_PetscInt_1_0(link);
574     link->bs        = nPetscInt;
575     link->unitbytes = nPetscInt * sizeof(PetscInt);
576     link->basicunit = MPIU_INT;
577     if (link->bs == 1) {
578       link->isbuiltin = PETSC_TRUE;
579       link->unit      = MPIU_INT;
580     }
581 #if defined(PETSC_USE_64BIT_INDICES)
582   } else if (nInt) {
583     if (nInt == 8) PackInit_IntegerType_int_8_1(link);
584     else if (nInt % 8 == 0) PackInit_IntegerType_int_8_0(link);
585     else if (nInt == 4) PackInit_IntegerType_int_4_1(link);
586     else if (nInt % 4 == 0) PackInit_IntegerType_int_4_0(link);
587     else if (nInt == 2) PackInit_IntegerType_int_2_1(link);
588     else if (nInt % 2 == 0) PackInit_IntegerType_int_2_0(link);
589     else if (nInt == 1) PackInit_IntegerType_int_1_1(link);
590     else if (nInt % 1 == 0) PackInit_IntegerType_int_1_0(link);
591     link->bs        = nInt;
592     link->unitbytes = nInt * sizeof(int);
593     link->basicunit = MPI_INT;
594     if (link->bs == 1) {
595       link->isbuiltin = PETSC_TRUE;
596       link->unit      = MPI_INT;
597     }
598 #endif
599   } else if (nSignedChar) {
600     if (nSignedChar == 8) PackInit_IntegerType_SignedChar_8_1(link);
601     else if (nSignedChar % 8 == 0) PackInit_IntegerType_SignedChar_8_0(link);
602     else if (nSignedChar == 4) PackInit_IntegerType_SignedChar_4_1(link);
603     else if (nSignedChar % 4 == 0) PackInit_IntegerType_SignedChar_4_0(link);
604     else if (nSignedChar == 2) PackInit_IntegerType_SignedChar_2_1(link);
605     else if (nSignedChar % 2 == 0) PackInit_IntegerType_SignedChar_2_0(link);
606     else if (nSignedChar == 1) PackInit_IntegerType_SignedChar_1_1(link);
607     else if (nSignedChar % 1 == 0) PackInit_IntegerType_SignedChar_1_0(link);
608     link->bs        = nSignedChar;
609     link->unitbytes = nSignedChar * sizeof(SignedChar);
610     link->basicunit = MPI_SIGNED_CHAR;
611     if (link->bs == 1) {
612       link->isbuiltin = PETSC_TRUE;
613       link->unit      = MPI_SIGNED_CHAR;
614     }
615   } else if (nUnsignedChar) {
616     if (nUnsignedChar == 8) PackInit_IntegerType_UnsignedChar_8_1(link);
617     else if (nUnsignedChar % 8 == 0) PackInit_IntegerType_UnsignedChar_8_0(link);
618     else if (nUnsignedChar == 4) PackInit_IntegerType_UnsignedChar_4_1(link);
619     else if (nUnsignedChar % 4 == 0) PackInit_IntegerType_UnsignedChar_4_0(link);
620     else if (nUnsignedChar == 2) PackInit_IntegerType_UnsignedChar_2_1(link);
621     else if (nUnsignedChar % 2 == 0) PackInit_IntegerType_UnsignedChar_2_0(link);
622     else if (nUnsignedChar == 1) PackInit_IntegerType_UnsignedChar_1_1(link);
623     else if (nUnsignedChar % 1 == 0) PackInit_IntegerType_UnsignedChar_1_0(link);
624     link->bs        = nUnsignedChar;
625     link->unitbytes = nUnsignedChar * sizeof(UnsignedChar);
626     link->basicunit = MPI_UNSIGNED_CHAR;
627     if (link->bs == 1) {
628       link->isbuiltin = PETSC_TRUE;
629       link->unit      = MPI_UNSIGNED_CHAR;
630     }
631 #if defined(PETSC_HAVE_COMPLEX)
632   } else if (nPetscComplex) {
633     if (nPetscComplex == 8) PackInit_ComplexType_PetscComplex_8_1(link);
634     else if (nPetscComplex % 8 == 0) PackInit_ComplexType_PetscComplex_8_0(link);
635     else if (nPetscComplex == 4) PackInit_ComplexType_PetscComplex_4_1(link);
636     else if (nPetscComplex % 4 == 0) PackInit_ComplexType_PetscComplex_4_0(link);
637     else if (nPetscComplex == 2) PackInit_ComplexType_PetscComplex_2_1(link);
638     else if (nPetscComplex % 2 == 0) PackInit_ComplexType_PetscComplex_2_0(link);
639     else if (nPetscComplex == 1) PackInit_ComplexType_PetscComplex_1_1(link);
640     else if (nPetscComplex % 1 == 0) PackInit_ComplexType_PetscComplex_1_0(link);
641     link->bs        = nPetscComplex;
642     link->unitbytes = nPetscComplex * sizeof(PetscComplex);
643     link->basicunit = MPIU_COMPLEX;
644     if (link->bs == 1) {
645       link->isbuiltin = PETSC_TRUE;
646       link->unit      = MPIU_COMPLEX;
647     }
648 #endif
649   } else {
650     MPI_Aint lb, nbyte;
651 
652     PetscCallMPI(MPI_Type_get_extent(unit, &lb, &nbyte));
653     PetscCheck(lb == 0, PETSC_COMM_SELF, PETSC_ERR_SUP, "Datatype with nonzero lower bound %ld", (long)lb);
654     if (nbyte % sizeof(int)) { /* If the type size is not multiple of int */
655       if (nbyte == 4) PackInit_DumbType_char_4_1(link);
656       else if (nbyte % 4 == 0) PackInit_DumbType_char_4_0(link);
657       else if (nbyte == 2) PackInit_DumbType_char_2_1(link);
658       else if (nbyte % 2 == 0) PackInit_DumbType_char_2_0(link);
659       else if (nbyte == 1) PackInit_DumbType_char_1_1(link);
660       else if (nbyte % 1 == 0) PackInit_DumbType_char_1_0(link);
661       PetscCall(PetscIntCast(nbyte, &link->bs));
662       link->unitbytes = nbyte;
663       link->basicunit = MPI_BYTE;
664     } else {
665       PetscCall(PetscIntCast(nbyte / sizeof(int), &nInt));
666       if (nInt == 8) PackInit_DumbType_DumbInt_8_1(link);
667       else if (nInt % 8 == 0) PackInit_DumbType_DumbInt_8_0(link);
668       else if (nInt == 4) PackInit_DumbType_DumbInt_4_1(link);
669       else if (nInt % 4 == 0) PackInit_DumbType_DumbInt_4_0(link);
670       else if (nInt == 2) PackInit_DumbType_DumbInt_2_1(link);
671       else if (nInt % 2 == 0) PackInit_DumbType_DumbInt_2_0(link);
672       else if (nInt == 1) PackInit_DumbType_DumbInt_1_1(link);
673       else if (nInt % 1 == 0) PackInit_DumbType_DumbInt_1_0(link);
674       link->bs        = nInt;
675       link->unitbytes = nbyte;
676       link->basicunit = MPI_INT;
677     }
678     if (link->isbuiltin) link->unit = unit;
679   }
680 
681   if (!link->isbuiltin) PetscCallMPI(MPI_Type_dup(unit, &link->unit));
682 
683   link->Memcpy = PetscSFLinkMemcpy_Host;
684   PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
685 }
686 
687 PetscErrorCode PetscSFLinkGetUnpackAndOp(PetscSFLink link, PetscMemType mtype, MPI_Op op, PetscBool atomic, PetscErrorCode (**UnpackAndOp)(PetscSFLink, PetscInt, PetscInt, PetscSFPackOpt, const PetscInt *, void *, const void *))
688 {
689   PetscFunctionBegin;
690   *UnpackAndOp = NULL;
691   if (PetscMemTypeHost(mtype)) {
692     if (op == MPI_REPLACE) *UnpackAndOp = link->h_UnpackAndInsert;
693     else if (op == MPI_SUM || op == MPIU_SUM) *UnpackAndOp = link->h_UnpackAndAdd;
694     else if (op == MPI_PROD) *UnpackAndOp = link->h_UnpackAndMult;
695     else if (op == MPI_MAX || op == MPIU_MAX) *UnpackAndOp = link->h_UnpackAndMax;
696     else if (op == MPI_MIN || op == MPIU_MIN) *UnpackAndOp = link->h_UnpackAndMin;
697     else if (op == MPI_LAND) *UnpackAndOp = link->h_UnpackAndLAND;
698     else if (op == MPI_BAND) *UnpackAndOp = link->h_UnpackAndBAND;
699     else if (op == MPI_LOR) *UnpackAndOp = link->h_UnpackAndLOR;
700     else if (op == MPI_BOR) *UnpackAndOp = link->h_UnpackAndBOR;
701     else if (op == MPI_LXOR) *UnpackAndOp = link->h_UnpackAndLXOR;
702     else if (op == MPI_BXOR) *UnpackAndOp = link->h_UnpackAndBXOR;
703     else if (op == MPI_MAXLOC) *UnpackAndOp = link->h_UnpackAndMaxloc;
704     else if (op == MPI_MINLOC) *UnpackAndOp = link->h_UnpackAndMinloc;
705   }
706 #if defined(PETSC_HAVE_DEVICE)
707   else if (PetscMemTypeDevice(mtype) && !atomic) {
708     if (op == MPI_REPLACE) *UnpackAndOp = link->d_UnpackAndInsert;
709     else if (op == MPI_SUM || op == MPIU_SUM) *UnpackAndOp = link->d_UnpackAndAdd;
710     else if (op == MPI_PROD) *UnpackAndOp = link->d_UnpackAndMult;
711     else if (op == MPI_MAX || op == MPIU_MAX) *UnpackAndOp = link->d_UnpackAndMax;
712     else if (op == MPI_MIN || op == MPIU_MIN) *UnpackAndOp = link->d_UnpackAndMin;
713     else if (op == MPI_LAND) *UnpackAndOp = link->d_UnpackAndLAND;
714     else if (op == MPI_BAND) *UnpackAndOp = link->d_UnpackAndBAND;
715     else if (op == MPI_LOR) *UnpackAndOp = link->d_UnpackAndLOR;
716     else if (op == MPI_BOR) *UnpackAndOp = link->d_UnpackAndBOR;
717     else if (op == MPI_LXOR) *UnpackAndOp = link->d_UnpackAndLXOR;
718     else if (op == MPI_BXOR) *UnpackAndOp = link->d_UnpackAndBXOR;
719     else if (op == MPI_MAXLOC) *UnpackAndOp = link->d_UnpackAndMaxloc;
720     else if (op == MPI_MINLOC) *UnpackAndOp = link->d_UnpackAndMinloc;
721   } else if (PetscMemTypeDevice(mtype) && atomic) {
722     if (op == MPI_REPLACE) *UnpackAndOp = link->da_UnpackAndInsert;
723     else if (op == MPI_SUM || op == MPIU_SUM) *UnpackAndOp = link->da_UnpackAndAdd;
724     else if (op == MPI_PROD) *UnpackAndOp = link->da_UnpackAndMult;
725     else if (op == MPI_MAX || op == MPIU_MAX) *UnpackAndOp = link->da_UnpackAndMax;
726     else if (op == MPI_MIN || op == MPIU_MIN) *UnpackAndOp = link->da_UnpackAndMin;
727     else if (op == MPI_LAND) *UnpackAndOp = link->da_UnpackAndLAND;
728     else if (op == MPI_BAND) *UnpackAndOp = link->da_UnpackAndBAND;
729     else if (op == MPI_LOR) *UnpackAndOp = link->da_UnpackAndLOR;
730     else if (op == MPI_BOR) *UnpackAndOp = link->da_UnpackAndBOR;
731     else if (op == MPI_LXOR) *UnpackAndOp = link->da_UnpackAndLXOR;
732     else if (op == MPI_BXOR) *UnpackAndOp = link->da_UnpackAndBXOR;
733     else if (op == MPI_MAXLOC) *UnpackAndOp = link->da_UnpackAndMaxloc;
734     else if (op == MPI_MINLOC) *UnpackAndOp = link->da_UnpackAndMinloc;
735   }
736 #endif
737   PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
738 }
739 
740 PetscErrorCode PetscSFLinkGetScatterAndOp(PetscSFLink link, PetscMemType mtype, MPI_Op op, PetscBool atomic, PetscErrorCode (**ScatterAndOp)(PetscSFLink, PetscInt, PetscInt, PetscSFPackOpt, const PetscInt *, const void *, PetscInt, PetscSFPackOpt, const PetscInt *, void *))
741 {
742   PetscFunctionBegin;
743   *ScatterAndOp = NULL;
744   if (PetscMemTypeHost(mtype)) {
745     if (op == MPI_REPLACE) *ScatterAndOp = link->h_ScatterAndInsert;
746     else if (op == MPI_SUM || op == MPIU_SUM) *ScatterAndOp = link->h_ScatterAndAdd;
747     else if (op == MPI_PROD) *ScatterAndOp = link->h_ScatterAndMult;
748     else if (op == MPI_MAX || op == MPIU_MAX) *ScatterAndOp = link->h_ScatterAndMax;
749     else if (op == MPI_MIN || op == MPIU_MIN) *ScatterAndOp = link->h_ScatterAndMin;
750     else if (op == MPI_LAND) *ScatterAndOp = link->h_ScatterAndLAND;
751     else if (op == MPI_BAND) *ScatterAndOp = link->h_ScatterAndBAND;
752     else if (op == MPI_LOR) *ScatterAndOp = link->h_ScatterAndLOR;
753     else if (op == MPI_BOR) *ScatterAndOp = link->h_ScatterAndBOR;
754     else if (op == MPI_LXOR) *ScatterAndOp = link->h_ScatterAndLXOR;
755     else if (op == MPI_BXOR) *ScatterAndOp = link->h_ScatterAndBXOR;
756     else if (op == MPI_MAXLOC) *ScatterAndOp = link->h_ScatterAndMaxloc;
757     else if (op == MPI_MINLOC) *ScatterAndOp = link->h_ScatterAndMinloc;
758   }
759 #if defined(PETSC_HAVE_DEVICE)
760   else if (PetscMemTypeDevice(mtype) && !atomic) {
761     if (op == MPI_REPLACE) *ScatterAndOp = link->d_ScatterAndInsert;
762     else if (op == MPI_SUM || op == MPIU_SUM) *ScatterAndOp = link->d_ScatterAndAdd;
763     else if (op == MPI_PROD) *ScatterAndOp = link->d_ScatterAndMult;
764     else if (op == MPI_MAX || op == MPIU_MAX) *ScatterAndOp = link->d_ScatterAndMax;
765     else if (op == MPI_MIN || op == MPIU_MIN) *ScatterAndOp = link->d_ScatterAndMin;
766     else if (op == MPI_LAND) *ScatterAndOp = link->d_ScatterAndLAND;
767     else if (op == MPI_BAND) *ScatterAndOp = link->d_ScatterAndBAND;
768     else if (op == MPI_LOR) *ScatterAndOp = link->d_ScatterAndLOR;
769     else if (op == MPI_BOR) *ScatterAndOp = link->d_ScatterAndBOR;
770     else if (op == MPI_LXOR) *ScatterAndOp = link->d_ScatterAndLXOR;
771     else if (op == MPI_BXOR) *ScatterAndOp = link->d_ScatterAndBXOR;
772     else if (op == MPI_MAXLOC) *ScatterAndOp = link->d_ScatterAndMaxloc;
773     else if (op == MPI_MINLOC) *ScatterAndOp = link->d_ScatterAndMinloc;
774   } else if (PetscMemTypeDevice(mtype) && atomic) {
775     if (op == MPI_REPLACE) *ScatterAndOp = link->da_ScatterAndInsert;
776     else if (op == MPI_SUM || op == MPIU_SUM) *ScatterAndOp = link->da_ScatterAndAdd;
777     else if (op == MPI_PROD) *ScatterAndOp = link->da_ScatterAndMult;
778     else if (op == MPI_MAX || op == MPIU_MAX) *ScatterAndOp = link->da_ScatterAndMax;
779     else if (op == MPI_MIN || op == MPIU_MIN) *ScatterAndOp = link->da_ScatterAndMin;
780     else if (op == MPI_LAND) *ScatterAndOp = link->da_ScatterAndLAND;
781     else if (op == MPI_BAND) *ScatterAndOp = link->da_ScatterAndBAND;
782     else if (op == MPI_LOR) *ScatterAndOp = link->da_ScatterAndLOR;
783     else if (op == MPI_BOR) *ScatterAndOp = link->da_ScatterAndBOR;
784     else if (op == MPI_LXOR) *ScatterAndOp = link->da_ScatterAndLXOR;
785     else if (op == MPI_BXOR) *ScatterAndOp = link->da_ScatterAndBXOR;
786     else if (op == MPI_MAXLOC) *ScatterAndOp = link->da_ScatterAndMaxloc;
787     else if (op == MPI_MINLOC) *ScatterAndOp = link->da_ScatterAndMinloc;
788   }
789 #endif
790   PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
791 }
792 
793 PetscErrorCode PetscSFLinkGetFetchAndOp(PetscSFLink link, PetscMemType mtype, MPI_Op op, PetscBool atomic, PetscErrorCode (**FetchAndOp)(PetscSFLink, PetscInt, PetscInt, PetscSFPackOpt, const PetscInt *, void *, void *))
794 {
795   PetscFunctionBegin;
796   *FetchAndOp = NULL;
797   PetscCheck(op == MPI_SUM || op == MPIU_SUM, PETSC_COMM_SELF, PETSC_ERR_SUP, "No support for MPI_Op in FetchAndOp");
798   if (PetscMemTypeHost(mtype)) *FetchAndOp = link->h_FetchAndAdd;
799 #if defined(PETSC_HAVE_DEVICE)
800   else if (PetscMemTypeDevice(mtype) && !atomic) *FetchAndOp = link->d_FetchAndAdd;
801   else if (PetscMemTypeDevice(mtype) && atomic) *FetchAndOp = link->da_FetchAndAdd;
802 #endif
803   PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
804 }
805 
806 PetscErrorCode PetscSFLinkGetFetchAndOpLocal(PetscSFLink link, PetscMemType mtype, MPI_Op op, PetscBool atomic, PetscErrorCode (**FetchAndOpLocal)(PetscSFLink, PetscInt, PetscInt, PetscSFPackOpt, const PetscInt *, void *, PetscInt, PetscSFPackOpt, const PetscInt *, const void *, void *))
807 {
808   PetscFunctionBegin;
809   *FetchAndOpLocal = NULL;
810   PetscCheck(op == MPI_SUM || op == MPIU_SUM, PETSC_COMM_SELF, PETSC_ERR_SUP, "No support for MPI_Op in FetchAndOp");
811   if (PetscMemTypeHost(mtype)) *FetchAndOpLocal = link->h_FetchAndAddLocal;
812 #if defined(PETSC_HAVE_DEVICE)
813   else if (PetscMemTypeDevice(mtype) && !atomic) *FetchAndOpLocal = link->d_FetchAndAddLocal;
814   else if (PetscMemTypeDevice(mtype) && atomic) *FetchAndOpLocal = link->da_FetchAndAddLocal;
815 #endif
816   PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
817 }
818 
819 static inline PetscErrorCode PetscSFLinkLogFlopsAfterUnpackRootData(PetscSF sf, PetscSFLink link, PetscSFScope scope, MPI_Op op)
820 {
821   PetscSF_Basic *bas = (PetscSF_Basic *)sf->data;
822 
823   PetscFunctionBegin;
824   if (op != MPI_REPLACE && link->basicunit == MPIU_SCALAR) { /* op is a reduction on PetscScalars */
825 #if defined(PETSC_HAVE_DEVICE)
826     if (PetscMemTypeDevice(link->rootmtype)) PetscCall(PetscLogGpuFlops(bas->rootbuflen[scope] * link->bs));
827     else
828 #endif
829       PetscCall(PetscLogFlops(bas->rootbuflen[scope] * link->bs)); /* # of roots in buffer x # of scalars in unit */
830   }
831   PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
832 }
833 
834 static inline PetscErrorCode PetscSFLinkLogFlopsAfterUnpackLeafData(PetscSF sf, PetscSFLink link, PetscSFScope scope, MPI_Op op)
835 {
836   PetscFunctionBegin;
837   if (op != MPI_REPLACE && link->basicunit == MPIU_SCALAR) { /* op is a reduction on PetscScalars */
838 #if defined(PETSC_HAVE_DEVICE)
839     if (PetscMemTypeDevice(link->leafmtype)) PetscCall(PetscLogGpuFlops(sf->leafbuflen[scope] * link->bs)); /* # of roots in buffer x # of scalars in unit */
840     else
841 #endif
842       PetscCall(PetscLogFlops(sf->leafbuflen[scope] * link->bs));
843   }
844   PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
845 }
846 
847 /* When SF could not find a proper UnpackAndOp() from link, it falls back to MPI_Reduce_local.
848   Input Parameters:
849   +sf      - The StarForest
850   .link    - The link
851   .count   - Number of entries to unpack
852   .start   - The first index, significant when indices=NULL
853   .indices - Indices of entries in <data>. If NULL, it means indices are contiguous and the first is given in <start>
854   .buf     - A contiguous buffer to unpack from
855   -op      - Operation after unpack
856 
857   Output Parameters:
858   .data    - The data to unpack to
859 */
860 static inline PetscErrorCode PetscSFLinkUnpackDataWithMPIReduceLocal(PetscSF sf, PetscSFLink link, PetscInt count, PetscInt start, const PetscInt *indices, void *data, const void *buf, MPI_Op op)
861 {
862   PetscFunctionBegin;
863 #if defined(PETSC_HAVE_MPI_REDUCE_LOCAL)
864   {
865     PetscInt i;
866     if (indices) {
867       /* Note we use link->unit instead of link->basicunit. When op can be mapped to MPI_SUM etc, it operates on
868          basic units of a root/leaf element-wisely. Otherwise, it is meant to operate on a whole root/leaf.
869       */
870       for (i = 0; i < count; i++) PetscCallMPI(MPI_Reduce_local((const char *)buf + i * link->unitbytes, (char *)data + indices[i] * link->unitbytes, 1, link->unit, op));
871     } else {
872       PetscCallMPI(MPIU_Reduce_local(buf, (char *)data + start * link->unitbytes, count, link->unit, op));
873     }
874   }
875   PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
876 #else
877   SETERRQ(PETSC_COMM_SELF, PETSC_ERR_SUP, "No unpacking reduction operation for this MPI_Op");
878 #endif
879 }
880 
881 static inline PetscErrorCode PetscSFLinkScatterDataWithMPIReduceLocal(PetscSF sf, PetscSFLink link, PetscInt count, PetscInt srcStart, const PetscInt *srcIdx, const void *src, PetscInt dstStart, const PetscInt *dstIdx, void *dst, MPI_Op op)
882 {
883   PetscFunctionBegin;
884 #if defined(PETSC_HAVE_MPI_REDUCE_LOCAL)
885   {
886     PetscInt i, disp;
887     if (!srcIdx) {
888       PetscCall(PetscSFLinkUnpackDataWithMPIReduceLocal(sf, link, count, dstStart, dstIdx, dst, (const char *)src + srcStart * link->unitbytes, op));
889     } else {
890       for (i = 0; i < count; i++) {
891         disp = dstIdx ? dstIdx[i] : dstStart + i;
892         PetscCallMPI(MPIU_Reduce_local((const char *)src + srcIdx[i] * link->unitbytes, (char *)dst + disp * link->unitbytes, 1, link->unit, op));
893       }
894     }
895   }
896   PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
897 #else
898   SETERRQ(PETSC_COMM_SELF, PETSC_ERR_SUP, "No unpacking reduction operation for this MPI_Op");
899 #endif
900 }
901 
902 /*=============================================================================
903               Pack/Unpack/Fetch/Scatter routines
904  ============================================================================*/
905 
906 /* Pack rootdata to rootbuf
907   Input Parameters:
908   + sf       - The SF this packing works on.
909   . link     - It gives the memtype of the roots and also provides root buffer.
910   . scope    - PETSCSF_LOCAL or PETSCSF_REMOTE. Note SF has the ability to do local and remote communications separately.
911   - rootdata - Where to read the roots.
912 
913   Notes:
914   When rootdata can be directly used as root buffer, the routine is almost a no-op. After the call, root data is
915   in a place where the underlying MPI is ready to access (use_gpu_aware_mpi or not)
916  */
917 static PetscErrorCode PetscSFLinkPackRootData_Private(PetscSF sf, PetscSFLink link, PetscSFScope scope, const void *rootdata)
918 {
919   const PetscInt *rootindices = NULL;
920   PetscInt        count, start;
921   PetscMemType    rootmtype                                                                                       = link->rootmtype;
922   PetscSFPackOpt  opt                                                                                             = NULL;
923   PetscErrorCode (*Pack)(PetscSFLink, PetscInt, PetscInt, PetscSFPackOpt, const PetscInt *, const void *, void *) = NULL;
924 
925   PetscFunctionBegin;
926   if (!link->rootdirect[scope]) { /* If rootdata works directly as rootbuf, skip packing */
927     PetscCall(PetscSFLinkGetRootPackOptAndIndices(sf, link, rootmtype, scope, &count, &start, &opt, &rootindices));
928     PetscCall(PetscSFLinkGetPack(link, rootmtype, &Pack));
929     PetscCall((*Pack)(link, count, start, opt, rootindices, rootdata, link->rootbuf[scope][rootmtype]));
930   }
931   PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
932 }
933 
934 /* Pack leafdata to leafbuf */
935 static PetscErrorCode PetscSFLinkPackLeafData_Private(PetscSF sf, PetscSFLink link, PetscSFScope scope, const void *leafdata)
936 {
937   const PetscInt *leafindices = NULL;
938   PetscInt        count, start;
939   PetscMemType    leafmtype                                                                                       = link->leafmtype;
940   PetscSFPackOpt  opt                                                                                             = NULL;
941   PetscErrorCode (*Pack)(PetscSFLink, PetscInt, PetscInt, PetscSFPackOpt, const PetscInt *, const void *, void *) = NULL;
942 
943   PetscFunctionBegin;
944   if (!link->leafdirect[scope]) { /* If leafdata works directly as rootbuf, skip packing */
945     PetscCall(PetscSFLinkGetLeafPackOptAndIndices(sf, link, leafmtype, scope, &count, &start, &opt, &leafindices));
946     PetscCall(PetscSFLinkGetPack(link, leafmtype, &Pack));
947     PetscCall((*Pack)(link, count, start, opt, leafindices, leafdata, link->leafbuf[scope][leafmtype]));
948   }
949   PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
950 }
951 
952 /* Pack rootdata to rootbuf, which are in the same memory space */
953 PetscErrorCode PetscSFLinkPackRootData(PetscSF sf, PetscSFLink link, PetscSFScope scope, const void *rootdata)
954 {
955   PetscSF_Basic *bas = (PetscSF_Basic *)sf->data;
956 
957   PetscFunctionBegin;
958   if (scope == PETSCSF_REMOTE) { /* Sync the device if rootdata is not on petsc default stream */
959     if (PetscMemTypeDevice(link->rootmtype) && link->SyncDevice && sf->unknown_input_stream) PetscCall((*link->SyncDevice)(link));
960     if (link->PrePack) PetscCall((*link->PrePack)(sf, link, PETSCSF_ROOT2LEAF)); /* Used by SF nvshmem */
961   }
962   PetscCall(PetscLogEventBegin(PETSCSF_Pack, sf, 0, 0, 0));
963   if (bas->rootbuflen[scope]) PetscCall(PetscSFLinkPackRootData_Private(sf, link, scope, rootdata));
964   PetscCall(PetscLogEventEnd(PETSCSF_Pack, sf, 0, 0, 0));
965   PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
966 }
967 /* Pack leafdata to leafbuf, which are in the same memory space */
968 PetscErrorCode PetscSFLinkPackLeafData(PetscSF sf, PetscSFLink link, PetscSFScope scope, const void *leafdata)
969 {
970   PetscFunctionBegin;
971   if (scope == PETSCSF_REMOTE) {
972     if (PetscMemTypeDevice(link->leafmtype) && link->SyncDevice && sf->unknown_input_stream) PetscCall((*link->SyncDevice)(link));
973     if (link->PrePack) PetscCall((*link->PrePack)(sf, link, PETSCSF_LEAF2ROOT)); /* Used by SF nvshmem */
974   }
975   PetscCall(PetscLogEventBegin(PETSCSF_Pack, sf, 0, 0, 0));
976   if (sf->leafbuflen[scope]) PetscCall(PetscSFLinkPackLeafData_Private(sf, link, scope, leafdata));
977   PetscCall(PetscLogEventEnd(PETSCSF_Pack, sf, 0, 0, 0));
978   PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
979 }
980 
981 static PetscErrorCode PetscSFLinkUnpackRootData_Private(PetscSF sf, PetscSFLink link, PetscSFScope scope, void *rootdata, MPI_Op op)
982 {
983   const PetscInt *rootindices = NULL;
984   PetscInt        count, start;
985   PetscSF_Basic  *bas                                                                                                    = (PetscSF_Basic *)sf->data;
986   PetscMemType    rootmtype                                                                                              = link->rootmtype;
987   PetscSFPackOpt  opt                                                                                                    = NULL;
988   PetscErrorCode (*UnpackAndOp)(PetscSFLink, PetscInt, PetscInt, PetscSFPackOpt, const PetscInt *, void *, const void *) = NULL;
989 
990   PetscFunctionBegin;
991   if (!link->rootdirect[scope]) { /* If rootdata works directly as rootbuf, skip unpacking */
992     PetscCall(PetscSFLinkGetUnpackAndOp(link, rootmtype, op, bas->rootdups[scope], &UnpackAndOp));
993     if (UnpackAndOp) {
994       PetscCall(PetscSFLinkGetRootPackOptAndIndices(sf, link, rootmtype, scope, &count, &start, &opt, &rootindices));
995       PetscCall((*UnpackAndOp)(link, count, start, opt, rootindices, rootdata, link->rootbuf[scope][rootmtype]));
996     } else {
997       PetscCall(PetscSFLinkGetRootPackOptAndIndices(sf, link, PETSC_MEMTYPE_HOST, scope, &count, &start, &opt, &rootindices));
998       PetscCall(PetscSFLinkUnpackDataWithMPIReduceLocal(sf, link, count, start, rootindices, rootdata, link->rootbuf[scope][rootmtype], op));
999     }
1000   }
1001   PetscCall(PetscSFLinkLogFlopsAfterUnpackRootData(sf, link, scope, op));
1002   PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
1003 }
1004 
1005 static PetscErrorCode PetscSFLinkUnpackLeafData_Private(PetscSF sf, PetscSFLink link, PetscSFScope scope, void *leafdata, MPI_Op op)
1006 {
1007   const PetscInt *leafindices = NULL;
1008   PetscInt        count, start;
1009   PetscErrorCode (*UnpackAndOp)(PetscSFLink, PetscInt, PetscInt, PetscSFPackOpt, const PetscInt *, void *, const void *) = NULL;
1010   PetscMemType   leafmtype                                                                                               = link->leafmtype;
1011   PetscSFPackOpt opt                                                                                                     = NULL;
1012 
1013   PetscFunctionBegin;
1014   if (!link->leafdirect[scope]) { /* If leafdata works directly as rootbuf, skip unpacking */
1015     PetscCall(PetscSFLinkGetUnpackAndOp(link, leafmtype, op, sf->leafdups[scope], &UnpackAndOp));
1016     if (UnpackAndOp) {
1017       PetscCall(PetscSFLinkGetLeafPackOptAndIndices(sf, link, leafmtype, scope, &count, &start, &opt, &leafindices));
1018       PetscCall((*UnpackAndOp)(link, count, start, opt, leafindices, leafdata, link->leafbuf[scope][leafmtype]));
1019     } else {
1020       PetscCall(PetscSFLinkGetLeafPackOptAndIndices(sf, link, PETSC_MEMTYPE_HOST, scope, &count, &start, &opt, &leafindices));
1021       PetscCall(PetscSFLinkUnpackDataWithMPIReduceLocal(sf, link, count, start, leafindices, leafdata, link->leafbuf[scope][leafmtype], op));
1022     }
1023   }
1024   PetscCall(PetscSFLinkLogFlopsAfterUnpackLeafData(sf, link, scope, op));
1025   PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
1026 }
1027 /* Unpack rootbuf to rootdata, which are in the same memory space */
1028 PetscErrorCode PetscSFLinkUnpackRootData(PetscSF sf, PetscSFLink link, PetscSFScope scope, void *rootdata, MPI_Op op)
1029 {
1030   PetscSF_Basic *bas = (PetscSF_Basic *)sf->data;
1031 
1032   PetscFunctionBegin;
1033   PetscCall(PetscLogEventBegin(PETSCSF_Unpack, sf, 0, 0, 0)); // call it even no data is unpacked so that -log_sync can be done collectively
1034   if (bas->rootbuflen[scope] && !link->rootdirect[scope]) PetscCall(PetscSFLinkUnpackRootData_Private(sf, link, scope, rootdata, op));
1035   PetscCall(PetscLogEventEnd(PETSCSF_Unpack, sf, 0, 0, 0));
1036   if (scope == PETSCSF_REMOTE) {
1037     if (link->PostUnpack) PetscCall((*link->PostUnpack)(sf, link, PETSCSF_LEAF2ROOT)); /* Used by SF nvshmem */
1038     if (PetscMemTypeDevice(link->rootmtype) && link->SyncDevice && sf->unknown_input_stream) PetscCall((*link->SyncDevice)(link));
1039   }
1040   PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
1041 }
1042 
1043 /* Unpack leafbuf to leafdata for remote (common case) or local (rare case when rootmtype != leafmtype) */
1044 PetscErrorCode PetscSFLinkUnpackLeafData(PetscSF sf, PetscSFLink link, PetscSFScope scope, void *leafdata, MPI_Op op)
1045 {
1046   PetscFunctionBegin;
1047   PetscCall(PetscLogEventBegin(PETSCSF_Unpack, sf, 0, 0, 0));
1048   if (sf->leafbuflen[scope] && !link->leafdirect[scope]) PetscCall(PetscSFLinkUnpackLeafData_Private(sf, link, scope, leafdata, op));
1049   PetscCall(PetscLogEventEnd(PETSCSF_Unpack, sf, 0, 0, 0));
1050   if (scope == PETSCSF_REMOTE) {
1051     if (link->PostUnpack) PetscCall((*link->PostUnpack)(sf, link, PETSCSF_ROOT2LEAF)); /* Used by SF nvshmem */
1052     if (PetscMemTypeDevice(link->leafmtype) && link->SyncDevice && sf->unknown_input_stream) PetscCall((*link->SyncDevice)(link));
1053   }
1054   PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
1055 }
1056 
1057 /* FetchAndOp rootdata with rootbuf, it is a kind of Unpack on rootdata, except it also updates rootbuf */
1058 PetscErrorCode PetscSFLinkFetchAndOpRemote(PetscSF sf, PetscSFLink link, void *rootdata, MPI_Op op)
1059 {
1060   const PetscInt *rootindices = NULL;
1061   PetscInt        count, start;
1062   PetscSF_Basic  *bas                                                                                             = (PetscSF_Basic *)sf->data;
1063   PetscErrorCode (*FetchAndOp)(PetscSFLink, PetscInt, PetscInt, PetscSFPackOpt, const PetscInt *, void *, void *) = NULL;
1064   PetscMemType   rootmtype                                                                                        = link->rootmtype;
1065   PetscSFPackOpt opt                                                                                              = NULL;
1066 
1067   PetscFunctionBegin;
1068   PetscCall(PetscLogEventBegin(PETSCSF_Unpack, sf, 0, 0, 0));
1069   if (bas->rootbuflen[PETSCSF_REMOTE]) {
1070     /* Do FetchAndOp on rootdata with rootbuf */
1071     PetscCall(PetscSFLinkGetFetchAndOp(link, rootmtype, op, bas->rootdups[PETSCSF_REMOTE], &FetchAndOp));
1072     PetscCall(PetscSFLinkGetRootPackOptAndIndices(sf, link, rootmtype, PETSCSF_REMOTE, &count, &start, &opt, &rootindices));
1073     PetscCall((*FetchAndOp)(link, count, start, opt, rootindices, rootdata, link->rootbuf[PETSCSF_REMOTE][rootmtype]));
1074   }
1075   PetscCall(PetscSFLinkLogFlopsAfterUnpackRootData(sf, link, PETSCSF_REMOTE, op));
1076   PetscCall(PetscLogEventEnd(PETSCSF_Unpack, sf, 0, 0, 0));
1077   PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
1078 }
1079 
1080 PetscErrorCode PetscSFLinkScatterLocal(PetscSF sf, PetscSFLink link, PetscSFDirection direction, void *rootdata, void *leafdata, MPI_Op op)
1081 {
1082   const PetscInt *rootindices = NULL, *leafindices = NULL;
1083   PetscInt        count, rootstart, leafstart;
1084   PetscSF_Basic  *bas       = (PetscSF_Basic *)sf->data;
1085   PetscMemType    rootmtype = link->rootmtype, leafmtype = link->leafmtype, srcmtype, dstmtype;
1086   PetscSFPackOpt  leafopt = NULL, rootopt = NULL;
1087   PetscInt        buflen = sf->leafbuflen[PETSCSF_LOCAL];
1088   char           *srcbuf = NULL, *dstbuf = NULL;
1089   PetscBool       dstdups;
1090   PetscErrorCode (*ScatterAndOp)(PetscSFLink, PetscInt, PetscInt, PetscSFPackOpt, const PetscInt *, const void *, PetscInt, PetscSFPackOpt, const PetscInt *, void *) = NULL;
1091 
1092   PetscFunctionBegin;
1093   if (!buflen) PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
1094   if (rootmtype != leafmtype) { /* The cross memory space local scatter is done by pack, copy and unpack */
1095     if (direction == PETSCSF_ROOT2LEAF) {
1096       PetscCall(PetscSFLinkPackRootData(sf, link, PETSCSF_LOCAL, rootdata));
1097       srcmtype = rootmtype;
1098       srcbuf   = link->rootbuf[PETSCSF_LOCAL][rootmtype];
1099       dstmtype = leafmtype;
1100       dstbuf   = link->leafbuf[PETSCSF_LOCAL][leafmtype];
1101     } else {
1102       PetscCall(PetscSFLinkPackLeafData(sf, link, PETSCSF_LOCAL, leafdata));
1103       srcmtype = leafmtype;
1104       srcbuf   = link->leafbuf[PETSCSF_LOCAL][leafmtype];
1105       dstmtype = rootmtype;
1106       dstbuf   = link->rootbuf[PETSCSF_LOCAL][rootmtype];
1107     }
1108     PetscCall((*link->Memcpy)(link, dstmtype, dstbuf, srcmtype, srcbuf, buflen * link->unitbytes));
1109     /* If above is a device to host copy, we have to sync the stream before accessing the buffer on host */
1110     if (PetscMemTypeHost(dstmtype)) PetscCall((*link->SyncStream)(link));
1111     if (direction == PETSCSF_ROOT2LEAF) {
1112       PetscCall(PetscSFLinkUnpackLeafData(sf, link, PETSCSF_LOCAL, leafdata, op));
1113     } else {
1114       PetscCall(PetscSFLinkUnpackRootData(sf, link, PETSCSF_LOCAL, rootdata, op));
1115     }
1116   } else {
1117     dstdups  = (direction == PETSCSF_ROOT2LEAF) ? sf->leafdups[PETSCSF_LOCAL] : bas->rootdups[PETSCSF_LOCAL];
1118     dstmtype = (direction == PETSCSF_ROOT2LEAF) ? link->leafmtype : link->rootmtype;
1119     PetscCall(PetscSFLinkGetScatterAndOp(link, dstmtype, op, dstdups, &ScatterAndOp));
1120     if (ScatterAndOp) {
1121       PetscCall(PetscSFLinkGetRootPackOptAndIndices(sf, link, rootmtype, PETSCSF_LOCAL, &count, &rootstart, &rootopt, &rootindices));
1122       PetscCall(PetscSFLinkGetLeafPackOptAndIndices(sf, link, leafmtype, PETSCSF_LOCAL, &count, &leafstart, &leafopt, &leafindices));
1123       if (direction == PETSCSF_ROOT2LEAF) {
1124         PetscCall((*ScatterAndOp)(link, count, rootstart, rootopt, rootindices, rootdata, leafstart, leafopt, leafindices, leafdata));
1125       } else {
1126         PetscCall((*ScatterAndOp)(link, count, leafstart, leafopt, leafindices, leafdata, rootstart, rootopt, rootindices, rootdata));
1127       }
1128     } else {
1129       PetscCall(PetscSFLinkGetRootPackOptAndIndices(sf, link, PETSC_MEMTYPE_HOST, PETSCSF_LOCAL, &count, &rootstart, &rootopt, &rootindices));
1130       PetscCall(PetscSFLinkGetLeafPackOptAndIndices(sf, link, PETSC_MEMTYPE_HOST, PETSCSF_LOCAL, &count, &leafstart, &leafopt, &leafindices));
1131       if (direction == PETSCSF_ROOT2LEAF) {
1132         PetscCall(PetscSFLinkScatterDataWithMPIReduceLocal(sf, link, count, rootstart, rootindices, rootdata, leafstart, leafindices, leafdata, op));
1133       } else {
1134         PetscCall(PetscSFLinkScatterDataWithMPIReduceLocal(sf, link, count, leafstart, leafindices, leafdata, rootstart, rootindices, rootdata, op));
1135       }
1136     }
1137   }
1138   PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
1139 }
1140 
1141 /* Fetch rootdata to leafdata and leafupdate locally */
1142 PetscErrorCode PetscSFLinkFetchAndOpLocal(PetscSF sf, PetscSFLink link, void *rootdata, const void *leafdata, void *leafupdate, MPI_Op op)
1143 {
1144   const PetscInt    *rootindices = NULL, *leafindices = NULL;
1145   PetscInt           count, rootstart, leafstart;
1146   PetscSF_Basic     *bas       = (PetscSF_Basic *)sf->data;
1147   const PetscMemType rootmtype = link->rootmtype, leafmtype = link->leafmtype;
1148   PetscSFPackOpt     leafopt = NULL, rootopt = NULL;
1149   PetscErrorCode (*FetchAndOpLocal)(PetscSFLink, PetscInt, PetscInt, PetscSFPackOpt, const PetscInt *, void *, PetscInt, PetscSFPackOpt, const PetscInt *, const void *, void *) = NULL;
1150 
1151   PetscFunctionBegin;
1152   if (!bas->rootbuflen[PETSCSF_LOCAL]) PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
1153   if (rootmtype != leafmtype) {
1154     /* The local communication has to go through pack and unpack */
1155     SETERRQ(PETSC_COMM_SELF, PETSC_ERR_SUP, "Doing PetscSFFetchAndOp with rootdata and leafdata on opposite side of CPU and GPU");
1156   } else {
1157     PetscCall(PetscSFLinkGetRootPackOptAndIndices(sf, link, rootmtype, PETSCSF_LOCAL, &count, &rootstart, &rootopt, &rootindices));
1158     PetscCall(PetscSFLinkGetLeafPackOptAndIndices(sf, link, leafmtype, PETSCSF_LOCAL, &count, &leafstart, &leafopt, &leafindices));
1159     PetscCall(PetscSFLinkGetFetchAndOpLocal(link, rootmtype, op, bas->rootdups[PETSCSF_LOCAL], &FetchAndOpLocal));
1160     PetscCall((*FetchAndOpLocal)(link, count, rootstart, rootopt, rootindices, rootdata, leafstart, leafopt, leafindices, leafdata, leafupdate));
1161   }
1162   PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
1163 }
1164 
1165 /*
1166   Create per-rank pack/unpack optimizations based on indices patterns
1167 
1168    Input Parameters:
1169   +  n       - Number of destination ranks
1170   .  offset  - [n+1] For the i-th rank, its associated indices are idx[offset[i], offset[i+1]). offset[0] needs not to be 0.
1171   -  idx     - [*]   Array storing indices
1172 
1173    Output Parameters:
1174   +  opt     - Pack optimizations. NULL if no optimizations.
1175 */
1176 static PetscErrorCode PetscSFCreatePackOpt(PetscInt n, const PetscInt *offset, const PetscInt *idx, PetscSFPackOpt *out)
1177 {
1178   PetscInt       r, p, start, i, j, k, dx, dy, dz, dydz, m, X, Y;
1179   PetscBool      optimizable = PETSC_TRUE;
1180   PetscSFPackOpt opt;
1181 
1182   PetscFunctionBegin;
1183   PetscCall(PetscMalloc1(1, &opt));
1184   PetscCall(PetscMalloc1(7 * n + 2, &opt->array));
1185   opt->n = opt->array[0] = n;
1186   opt->offset            = opt->array + 1;
1187   opt->start             = opt->array + n + 2;
1188   opt->dx                = opt->array + 2 * n + 2;
1189   opt->dy                = opt->array + 3 * n + 2;
1190   opt->dz                = opt->array + 4 * n + 2;
1191   opt->X                 = opt->array + 5 * n + 2;
1192   opt->Y                 = opt->array + 6 * n + 2;
1193 
1194   for (r = 0; r < n; r++) {            /* For each destination rank */
1195     m     = offset[r + 1] - offset[r]; /* Total number of indices for this rank. We want to see if m can be factored into dx*dy*dz */
1196     p     = offset[r];
1197     start = idx[p]; /* First index for this rank */
1198     p++;
1199 
1200     /* Search in X dimension */
1201     for (dx = 1; dx < m; dx++, p++) {
1202       if (start + dx != idx[p]) break;
1203     }
1204 
1205     dydz = m / dx;
1206     X    = dydz > 1 ? (idx[p] - start) : dx;
1207     /* Not optimizable if m is not a multiple of dx, or some unrecognized pattern is found */
1208     if (m % dx || X <= 0) {
1209       optimizable = PETSC_FALSE;
1210       goto finish;
1211     }
1212     for (dy = 1; dy < dydz; dy++) { /* Search in Y dimension */
1213       for (i = 0; i < dx; i++, p++) {
1214         if (start + X * dy + i != idx[p]) {
1215           if (i) {
1216             optimizable = PETSC_FALSE;
1217             goto finish;
1218           } /* The pattern is violated in the middle of an x-walk */
1219           else
1220             goto Z_dimension;
1221         }
1222       }
1223     }
1224 
1225   Z_dimension:
1226     dz = m / (dx * dy);
1227     Y  = dz > 1 ? (idx[p] - start) / X : dy;
1228     /* Not optimizable if m is not a multiple of dx*dy, or some unrecognized pattern is found */
1229     if (m % (dx * dy) || Y <= 0) {
1230       optimizable = PETSC_FALSE;
1231       goto finish;
1232     }
1233     for (k = 1; k < dz; k++) { /* Go through Z dimension to see if remaining indices follow the pattern */
1234       for (j = 0; j < dy; j++) {
1235         for (i = 0; i < dx; i++, p++) {
1236           if (start + X * Y * k + X * j + i != idx[p]) {
1237             optimizable = PETSC_FALSE;
1238             goto finish;
1239           }
1240         }
1241       }
1242     }
1243     opt->start[r] = start;
1244     opt->dx[r]    = dx;
1245     opt->dy[r]    = dy;
1246     opt->dz[r]    = dz;
1247     opt->X[r]     = X;
1248     opt->Y[r]     = Y;
1249   }
1250 
1251 finish:
1252   /* If not optimizable, free arrays to save memory */
1253   if (!n || !optimizable) {
1254     PetscCall(PetscFree(opt->array));
1255     PetscCall(PetscFree(opt));
1256     *out = NULL;
1257   } else {
1258     opt->offset[0] = 0;
1259     for (r = 0; r < n; r++) opt->offset[r + 1] = opt->offset[r] + opt->dx[r] * opt->dy[r] * opt->dz[r];
1260     *out = opt;
1261   }
1262   PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
1263 }
1264 
1265 static inline PetscErrorCode PetscSFDestroyPackOpt(PetscSF sf, PetscMemType mtype, PetscSFPackOpt *out)
1266 {
1267   PetscSFPackOpt opt = *out;
1268 
1269   PetscFunctionBegin;
1270   if (opt) {
1271     PetscCall(PetscSFFree(sf, mtype, opt->array));
1272     PetscCall(PetscFree(opt));
1273     *out = NULL;
1274   }
1275   PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
1276 }
1277 
1278 PetscErrorCode PetscSFSetUpPackFields(PetscSF sf)
1279 {
1280   PetscSF_Basic *bas = (PetscSF_Basic *)sf->data;
1281   PetscInt       i, j;
1282 
1283   PetscFunctionBegin;
1284   /* [0] for PETSCSF_LOCAL and [1] for PETSCSF_REMOTE in the following */
1285   for (i = 0; i < 2; i++) { /* Set defaults */
1286     sf->leafstart[i]   = 0;
1287     sf->leafcontig[i]  = PETSC_TRUE;
1288     sf->leafdups[i]    = PETSC_FALSE;
1289     bas->rootstart[i]  = 0;
1290     bas->rootcontig[i] = PETSC_TRUE;
1291     bas->rootdups[i]   = PETSC_FALSE;
1292   }
1293 
1294   sf->leafbuflen[0] = sf->roffset[sf->ndranks];
1295   sf->leafbuflen[1] = sf->roffset[sf->nranks] - sf->roffset[sf->ndranks];
1296 
1297   if (sf->leafbuflen[0]) sf->leafstart[0] = sf->rmine[0];
1298   if (sf->leafbuflen[1]) sf->leafstart[1] = sf->rmine[sf->roffset[sf->ndranks]];
1299 
1300   /* Are leaf indices for self and remote contiguous? If yes, it is best for pack/unpack */
1301   for (i = 0; i < sf->roffset[sf->ndranks]; i++) { /* self */
1302     if (sf->rmine[i] != sf->leafstart[0] + i) {
1303       sf->leafcontig[0] = PETSC_FALSE;
1304       break;
1305     }
1306   }
1307   for (i = sf->roffset[sf->ndranks], j = 0; i < sf->roffset[sf->nranks]; i++, j++) { /* remote */
1308     if (sf->rmine[i] != sf->leafstart[1] + j) {
1309       sf->leafcontig[1] = PETSC_FALSE;
1310       break;
1311     }
1312   }
1313 
1314   /* If not, see if we can have per-rank optimizations by doing index analysis */
1315   if (!sf->leafcontig[0]) PetscCall(PetscSFCreatePackOpt(sf->ndranks, sf->roffset, sf->rmine, &sf->leafpackopt[0]));
1316   if (!sf->leafcontig[1]) PetscCall(PetscSFCreatePackOpt(sf->nranks - sf->ndranks, sf->roffset + sf->ndranks, sf->rmine, &sf->leafpackopt[1]));
1317 
1318   /* Are root indices for self and remote contiguous? */
1319   bas->rootbuflen[0] = bas->ioffset[bas->ndiranks];
1320   bas->rootbuflen[1] = bas->ioffset[bas->niranks] - bas->ioffset[bas->ndiranks];
1321 
1322   if (bas->rootbuflen[0]) bas->rootstart[0] = bas->irootloc[0];
1323   if (bas->rootbuflen[1]) bas->rootstart[1] = bas->irootloc[bas->ioffset[bas->ndiranks]];
1324 
1325   for (i = 0; i < bas->ioffset[bas->ndiranks]; i++) {
1326     if (bas->irootloc[i] != bas->rootstart[0] + i) {
1327       bas->rootcontig[0] = PETSC_FALSE;
1328       break;
1329     }
1330   }
1331   for (i = bas->ioffset[bas->ndiranks], j = 0; i < bas->ioffset[bas->niranks]; i++, j++) {
1332     if (bas->irootloc[i] != bas->rootstart[1] + j) {
1333       bas->rootcontig[1] = PETSC_FALSE;
1334       break;
1335     }
1336   }
1337 
1338   if (!bas->rootcontig[0]) PetscCall(PetscSFCreatePackOpt(bas->ndiranks, bas->ioffset, bas->irootloc, &bas->rootpackopt[0]));
1339   if (!bas->rootcontig[1]) PetscCall(PetscSFCreatePackOpt(bas->niranks - bas->ndiranks, bas->ioffset + bas->ndiranks, bas->irootloc, &bas->rootpackopt[1]));
1340 
1341   /* Check dups in indices so that CUDA unpacking kernels can use cheaper regular instructions instead of atomics when they know there are no data race chances */
1342   if (PetscDefined(HAVE_DEVICE)) {
1343     PetscBool ismulti = (sf->multi == sf) ? PETSC_TRUE : PETSC_FALSE;
1344     if (!sf->leafcontig[0] && !ismulti) PetscCall(PetscCheckDupsInt(sf->leafbuflen[0], sf->rmine, &sf->leafdups[0]));
1345     if (!sf->leafcontig[1] && !ismulti) PetscCall(PetscCheckDupsInt(sf->leafbuflen[1], sf->rmine + sf->roffset[sf->ndranks], &sf->leafdups[1]));
1346     if (!bas->rootcontig[0] && !ismulti) PetscCall(PetscCheckDupsInt(bas->rootbuflen[0], bas->irootloc, &bas->rootdups[0]));
1347     if (!bas->rootcontig[1] && !ismulti) PetscCall(PetscCheckDupsInt(bas->rootbuflen[1], bas->irootloc + bas->ioffset[bas->ndiranks], &bas->rootdups[1]));
1348   }
1349   PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
1350 }
1351 
1352 PetscErrorCode PetscSFResetPackFields(PetscSF sf)
1353 {
1354   PetscSF_Basic *bas = (PetscSF_Basic *)sf->data;
1355   PetscInt       i;
1356 
1357   PetscFunctionBegin;
1358   for (i = PETSCSF_LOCAL; i <= PETSCSF_REMOTE; i++) {
1359     PetscCall(PetscSFDestroyPackOpt(sf, PETSC_MEMTYPE_HOST, &sf->leafpackopt[i]));
1360     PetscCall(PetscSFDestroyPackOpt(sf, PETSC_MEMTYPE_HOST, &bas->rootpackopt[i]));
1361 #if defined(PETSC_HAVE_DEVICE)
1362     PetscCall(PetscSFDestroyPackOpt(sf, PETSC_MEMTYPE_DEVICE, &sf->leafpackopt_d[i]));
1363     PetscCall(PetscSFDestroyPackOpt(sf, PETSC_MEMTYPE_DEVICE, &bas->rootpackopt_d[i]));
1364 #endif
1365   }
1366   PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
1367 }
1368