xref: /honee/problems/newtonian.c (revision 1c94e285dc30dc3bd7c84a205133ffbf79631595)
1 // SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright (c) 2017-2024, HONEE contributors.
2 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 OR BSD-2-Clause
3 
4 /// @file
5 /// Utility functions for setting up problems using the Newtonian Qfunction
6 
7 #include "../qfunctions/newtonian.h"
8 
9 #include <ceed.h>
10 #include <petscdm.h>
11 
12 #include <navierstokes.h>
13 
14 static PetscErrorCode UnitTests_Newtonian(Honee honee, NewtonianIdealGasContext gas);
15 
16 // @brief Create CeedOperator for stabilized mass KSP for explicit timestepping
17 //
18 // Only used for SUPG stabilization
19 PetscErrorCode CreateKSPMassOperator_NewtonianStabilized(Honee honee, CeedOperator *op_mass) {
20   Ceed                 ceed = honee->ceed;
21   CeedInt              num_comp_q, q_data_size;
22   CeedQFunction        qf_mass;
23   CeedElemRestriction  elem_restr_q, elem_restr_qd;
24   CeedBasis            basis_q;
25   CeedVector           q_data;
26   CeedQFunctionContext qfctx = NULL;
27   PetscInt             dim   = 3;
28 
29   PetscFunctionBeginUser;
30   {  // Get restriction and basis from the RHS function
31     CeedOperator     *sub_ops;
32     CeedOperatorField op_field;
33     PetscInt          sub_op_index = 0;  // will be 0 for the volume op
34 
35     PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedCompositeOperatorGetSubList(honee->op_rhs_ctx->op, &sub_ops));
36     PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedOperatorGetFieldByName(sub_ops[sub_op_index], "q", &op_field));
37     PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedOperatorFieldGetData(op_field, NULL, &elem_restr_q, &basis_q, NULL));
38     PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedOperatorGetFieldByName(sub_ops[sub_op_index], "qdata", &op_field));
39     PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedOperatorFieldGetData(op_field, NULL, &elem_restr_qd, NULL, &q_data));
40 
41     PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedOperatorGetContext(sub_ops[sub_op_index], &qfctx));
42   }
43 
44   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedElemRestrictionGetNumComponents(elem_restr_q, &num_comp_q));
45   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedElemRestrictionGetNumComponents(elem_restr_qd, &q_data_size));
46 
47   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionCreateInterior(ceed, 1, MassFunction_Newtonian_Conserv, MassFunction_Newtonian_Conserv_loc, &qf_mass));
48 
49   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionSetContext(qf_mass, qfctx));
50   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionSetUserFlopsEstimate(qf_mass, 0));
51   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionAddInput(qf_mass, "q_dot", 5, CEED_EVAL_INTERP));
52   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionAddInput(qf_mass, "q", 5, CEED_EVAL_INTERP));
53   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionAddInput(qf_mass, "qdata", q_data_size, CEED_EVAL_NONE));
54   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionAddOutput(qf_mass, "v", 5, CEED_EVAL_INTERP));
55   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionAddOutput(qf_mass, "Grad_v", 5 * dim, CEED_EVAL_GRAD));
56 
57   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedOperatorCreate(ceed, qf_mass, NULL, NULL, op_mass));
58   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedOperatorSetName(*op_mass, "RHS Mass Operator, Newtonian Stabilized"));
59   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedOperatorSetField(*op_mass, "q_dot", elem_restr_q, basis_q, CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE));
60   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedOperatorSetField(*op_mass, "q", elem_restr_q, basis_q, honee->q_ceed));
61   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedOperatorSetField(*op_mass, "qdata", elem_restr_qd, CEED_BASIS_NONE, q_data));
62   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedOperatorSetField(*op_mass, "v", elem_restr_q, basis_q, CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE));
63   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedOperatorSetField(*op_mass, "Grad_v", elem_restr_q, basis_q, CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE));
64 
65   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&elem_restr_q));
66   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&elem_restr_qd));
67   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedVectorDestroy(&q_data));
68   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedBasisDestroy(&basis_q));
69   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionContextDestroy(&qfctx));
70   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionDestroy(&qf_mass));
71   PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
72 }
73 
74 /**
75   @brief Create RHS CeedOperator for direct projection of divergence of diffusive flux
76 
77   @param[in]  honee          `Honee` context
78   @param[in]  diff_flux_proj `DivDiffFluxProjectionData` object
79   @param[out] op_rhs         Operator to calculate the RHS of the L^2 projection
80 **/
81 static PetscErrorCode DivDiffFluxProjectionCreateRHS_Direct_NS(Honee honee, DivDiffFluxProjectionData diff_flux_proj, CeedOperator *op_rhs) {
82   Ceed                 ceed       = honee->ceed;
83   NodalProjectionData  projection = diff_flux_proj->projection;
84   CeedInt              num_comp_q;
85   PetscInt             dim, label_value = 0;
86   DMLabel              domain_label    = NULL;
87   CeedQFunctionContext newtonian_qfctx = NULL;
88 
89   PetscFunctionBeginUser;
90   // -- Get Pre-requisite things
91   PetscCall(DMGetDimension(projection->dm, &dim));
92   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedBasisGetNumComponents(honee->basis_q, &num_comp_q));
93 
94   {  // Get newtonian QF context
95     CeedOperator *sub_ops, main_op = honee->op_ifunction ? honee->op_ifunction : honee->op_rhs_ctx->op;
96     PetscInt      sub_op_index = 0;  // will be 0 for the volume op
97 
98     PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedCompositeOperatorGetSubList(main_op, &sub_ops));
99     PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedOperatorGetContext(sub_ops[sub_op_index], &newtonian_qfctx));
100   }
101   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedCompositeOperatorCreate(ceed, op_rhs));
102   {  // Add the volume integral CeedOperator
103     CeedQFunction       qf_rhs_volume;
104     CeedOperator        op_rhs_volume;
105     CeedVector          q_data;
106     CeedElemRestriction elem_restr_qd, elem_restr_diff_flux_volume = NULL;
107     CeedBasis           basis_diff_flux = NULL;
108     CeedInt             q_data_size;
109 
110     PetscCall(DivDiffFluxProjectionGetOperatorFieldData(diff_flux_proj, &elem_restr_diff_flux_volume, &basis_diff_flux, NULL, NULL));
111     PetscCall(QDataGet(ceed, projection->dm, domain_label, label_value, honee->elem_restr_x, honee->basis_x, honee->x_coord, &elem_restr_qd, &q_data,
112                        &q_data_size));
113     switch (honee->phys->state_var) {
114       case STATEVAR_PRIMITIVE:
115         PetscCallCeed(ceed,
116                       CeedQFunctionCreateInterior(ceed, 1, DivDiffusiveFluxVolumeRHS_NS_Prim, DivDiffusiveFluxVolumeRHS_NS_Prim_loc, &qf_rhs_volume));
117         break;
118       case STATEVAR_CONSERVATIVE:
119         PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionCreateInterior(ceed, 1, DivDiffusiveFluxVolumeRHS_NS_Conserv, DivDiffusiveFluxVolumeRHS_NS_Conserv_loc,
120                                                         &qf_rhs_volume));
121         break;
122       case STATEVAR_ENTROPY:
123         PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionCreateInterior(ceed, 1, DivDiffusiveFluxVolumeRHS_NS_Entropy, DivDiffusiveFluxVolumeRHS_NS_Entropy_loc,
124                                                         &qf_rhs_volume));
125         break;
126     }
127 
128     PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionSetContext(qf_rhs_volume, newtonian_qfctx));
129     PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionAddInput(qf_rhs_volume, "q", num_comp_q, CEED_EVAL_INTERP));
130     PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionAddInput(qf_rhs_volume, "Grad_q", num_comp_q * dim, CEED_EVAL_GRAD));
131     PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionAddInput(qf_rhs_volume, "qdata", q_data_size, CEED_EVAL_NONE));
132     PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionAddOutput(qf_rhs_volume, "diffusive flux RHS", projection->num_comp * dim, CEED_EVAL_GRAD));
133 
134     PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedOperatorCreate(ceed, qf_rhs_volume, NULL, NULL, &op_rhs_volume));
135     PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedOperatorSetField(op_rhs_volume, "q", honee->elem_restr_q, honee->basis_q, CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE));
136     PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedOperatorSetField(op_rhs_volume, "Grad_q", honee->elem_restr_q, honee->basis_q, CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE));
137     PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedOperatorSetField(op_rhs_volume, "qdata", elem_restr_qd, CEED_BASIS_NONE, q_data));
138     PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedOperatorSetField(op_rhs_volume, "diffusive flux RHS", elem_restr_diff_flux_volume, basis_diff_flux, CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE));
139 
140     PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedCompositeOperatorAddSub(*op_rhs, op_rhs_volume));
141 
142     PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedVectorDestroy(&q_data));
143     PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&elem_restr_qd));
144     PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&elem_restr_diff_flux_volume));
145     PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedBasisDestroy(&basis_diff_flux));
146     PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedOperatorDestroy(&op_rhs_volume));
147     PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionDestroy(&qf_rhs_volume));
148   }
149 
150   {  // Add the boundary integral CeedOperator
151     CeedQFunction qf_rhs_boundary;
152     DMLabel       face_sets_label;
153     PetscInt      num_face_set_values, *face_set_values;
154     CeedInt       q_data_size;
155 
156     // -- Build RHS operator
157     switch (honee->phys->state_var) {
158       case STATEVAR_PRIMITIVE:
159         PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionCreateInterior(ceed, 1, DivDiffusiveFluxBoundaryRHS_NS_Prim, DivDiffusiveFluxBoundaryRHS_NS_Prim_loc,
160                                                         &qf_rhs_boundary));
161         break;
162       case STATEVAR_CONSERVATIVE:
163         PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionCreateInterior(ceed, 1, DivDiffusiveFluxBoundaryRHS_NS_Conserv, DivDiffusiveFluxBoundaryRHS_NS_Conserv_loc,
164                                                         &qf_rhs_boundary));
165         break;
166       case STATEVAR_ENTROPY:
167         PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionCreateInterior(ceed, 1, DivDiffusiveFluxBoundaryRHS_NS_Entropy, DivDiffusiveFluxBoundaryRHS_NS_Entropy_loc,
168                                                         &qf_rhs_boundary));
169         break;
170     }
171 
172     PetscCall(QDataBoundaryGradientGetNumComponents(honee->dm, &q_data_size));
173     PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionSetContext(qf_rhs_boundary, newtonian_qfctx));
174     PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionAddInput(qf_rhs_boundary, "q", num_comp_q, CEED_EVAL_INTERP));
175     PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionAddInput(qf_rhs_boundary, "Grad_q", num_comp_q * dim, CEED_EVAL_GRAD));
176     PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionAddInput(qf_rhs_boundary, "qdata", q_data_size, CEED_EVAL_NONE));
177     PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionAddOutput(qf_rhs_boundary, "diffusive flux RHS", projection->num_comp, CEED_EVAL_INTERP));
178 
179     PetscCall(DMGetLabel(projection->dm, "Face Sets", &face_sets_label));
180     PetscCall(DMLabelCreateGlobalValueArray(projection->dm, face_sets_label, &num_face_set_values, &face_set_values));
181     for (PetscInt f = 0; f < num_face_set_values; f++) {
182       DMLabel  face_orientation_label;
183       PetscInt num_orientations_values, *orientation_values;
184 
185       {
186         char *face_orientation_label_name;
187 
188         PetscCall(DMPlexCreateFaceLabel(projection->dm, face_set_values[f], &face_orientation_label_name));
189         PetscCall(DMGetLabel(projection->dm, face_orientation_label_name, &face_orientation_label));
190         PetscCall(PetscFree(face_orientation_label_name));
191       }
192       PetscCall(DMLabelCreateGlobalValueArray(projection->dm, face_orientation_label, &num_orientations_values, &orientation_values));
193       for (PetscInt o = 0; o < num_orientations_values; o++) {
194         CeedOperator        op_rhs_boundary;
195         CeedBasis           basis_q, basis_diff_flux_boundary;
196         CeedElemRestriction elem_restr_qdata, elem_restr_q, elem_restr_diff_flux_boundary;
197         CeedVector          q_data;
198         CeedInt             q_data_size;
199         PetscInt            orientation = orientation_values[o], dm_field_q = 0, height_cell = 0, height_face = 1;
200 
201         PetscCall(DMPlexCeedElemRestrictionCreate(ceed, honee->dm, face_orientation_label, orientation, height_cell, dm_field_q, &elem_restr_q));
202         PetscCall(DMPlexCeedBasisCellToFaceCreate(ceed, honee->dm, face_orientation_label, orientation, orientation, dm_field_q, &basis_q));
203         PetscCall(DMPlexCeedElemRestrictionCreate(ceed, projection->dm, face_orientation_label, orientation, height_face, 0,
204                                                   &elem_restr_diff_flux_boundary));
205         PetscCall(CreateBasisFromPlex(ceed, projection->dm, face_orientation_label, orientation, height_face, 0, &basis_diff_flux_boundary));
206         PetscCall(
207             QDataBoundaryGradientGet(ceed, honee->dm, face_orientation_label, orientation, honee->x_coord, &elem_restr_qdata, &q_data, &q_data_size));
208 
209         PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedOperatorCreate(ceed, qf_rhs_boundary, NULL, NULL, &op_rhs_boundary));
210         PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedOperatorSetField(op_rhs_boundary, "q", elem_restr_q, basis_q, CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE));
211         PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedOperatorSetField(op_rhs_boundary, "Grad_q", elem_restr_q, basis_q, CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE));
212         PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedOperatorSetField(op_rhs_boundary, "qdata", elem_restr_qdata, CEED_BASIS_NONE, q_data));
213         PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedOperatorSetField(op_rhs_boundary, "diffusive flux RHS", elem_restr_diff_flux_boundary, basis_diff_flux_boundary,
214                                                  CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE));
215 
216         PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedCompositeOperatorAddSub(*op_rhs, op_rhs_boundary));
217 
218         PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedOperatorDestroy(&op_rhs_boundary));
219         PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&elem_restr_qdata));
220         PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&elem_restr_q));
221         PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&elem_restr_diff_flux_boundary));
222         PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedBasisDestroy(&basis_q));
223         PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedBasisDestroy(&basis_diff_flux_boundary));
224         PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedVectorDestroy(&q_data));
225       }
226       PetscCall(PetscFree(orientation_values));
227     }
228     PetscCall(PetscFree(face_set_values));
229     PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionDestroy(&qf_rhs_boundary));
230   }
231 
232   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionContextDestroy(&newtonian_qfctx));
233   PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
234 }
235 
236 /**
237   @brief Create RHS CeedOperator for indirect projection of divergence of diffusive flux
238 
239   @param[in]  honee          `Honee` context
240   @param[in]  diff_flux_proj `DivDiffFluxProjectionData` object
241   @param[out] op_rhs         Operator to calculate the RHS of the L^2 projection
242 **/
243 static PetscErrorCode DivDiffFluxProjectionCreateRHS_Indirect_NS(Honee honee, DivDiffFluxProjectionData diff_flux_proj, CeedOperator *op_rhs) {
244   Ceed                 ceed       = honee->ceed;
245   NodalProjectionData  projection = diff_flux_proj->projection;
246   CeedBasis            basis_diff_flux;
247   CeedElemRestriction  elem_restr_diff_flux, elem_restr_qd;
248   CeedVector           q_data;
249   CeedInt              num_comp_q, q_data_size;
250   PetscInt             dim;
251   PetscInt             label_value = 0, height = 0, dm_field = 0;
252   DMLabel              domain_label = NULL;
253   CeedQFunction        qf_rhs;
254   CeedQFunctionContext newtonian_qfctx = NULL;
255 
256   PetscFunctionBeginUser;
257   PetscCall(DMGetDimension(projection->dm, &dim));
258   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedBasisGetNumComponents(honee->basis_q, &num_comp_q));
259 
260   {  // Get newtonian QF context
261     CeedOperator *sub_ops, main_op = honee->op_ifunction ? honee->op_ifunction : honee->op_rhs_ctx->op;
262     PetscInt      sub_op_index = 0;  // will be 0 for the volume op
263 
264     PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedCompositeOperatorGetSubList(main_op, &sub_ops));
265     PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedOperatorGetContext(sub_ops[sub_op_index], &newtonian_qfctx));
266   }
267   PetscCall(DMPlexCeedElemRestrictionCreate(ceed, projection->dm, domain_label, label_value, height, dm_field, &elem_restr_diff_flux));
268   PetscCall(CreateBasisFromPlex(ceed, projection->dm, domain_label, label_value, height, dm_field, &basis_diff_flux));
269   PetscCall(QDataGet(ceed, projection->dm, domain_label, label_value, honee->elem_restr_x, honee->basis_x, honee->x_coord, &elem_restr_qd, &q_data,
270                      &q_data_size));
271 
272   switch (honee->phys->state_var) {
273     case STATEVAR_PRIMITIVE:
274       PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionCreateInterior(ceed, 1, DiffusiveFluxRHS_NS_Prim, DiffusiveFluxRHS_NS_Prim_loc, &qf_rhs));
275       break;
276     case STATEVAR_CONSERVATIVE:
277       PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionCreateInterior(ceed, 1, DiffusiveFluxRHS_NS_Conserv, DiffusiveFluxRHS_NS_Conserv_loc, &qf_rhs));
278       break;
279     case STATEVAR_ENTROPY:
280       PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionCreateInterior(ceed, 1, DiffusiveFluxRHS_NS_Entropy, DiffusiveFluxRHS_NS_Entropy_loc, &qf_rhs));
281       break;
282   }
283 
284   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionSetContext(qf_rhs, newtonian_qfctx));
285   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionAddInput(qf_rhs, "q", num_comp_q, CEED_EVAL_INTERP));
286   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionAddInput(qf_rhs, "Grad_q", num_comp_q * dim, CEED_EVAL_GRAD));
287   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionAddInput(qf_rhs, "qdata", q_data_size, CEED_EVAL_NONE));
288   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionAddOutput(qf_rhs, "F_diff RHS", projection->num_comp, CEED_EVAL_INTERP));
289 
290   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedOperatorCreate(ceed, qf_rhs, NULL, NULL, op_rhs));
291   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedOperatorSetField(*op_rhs, "q", honee->elem_restr_q, honee->basis_q, CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE));
292   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedOperatorSetField(*op_rhs, "Grad_q", honee->elem_restr_q, honee->basis_q, CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE));
293   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedOperatorSetField(*op_rhs, "qdata", elem_restr_qd, CEED_BASIS_NONE, q_data));
294   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedOperatorSetField(*op_rhs, "F_diff RHS", elem_restr_diff_flux, basis_diff_flux, CEED_VECTOR_ACTIVE));
295 
296   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionDestroy(&qf_rhs));
297   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionContextDestroy(&newtonian_qfctx));
298   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedBasisDestroy(&basis_diff_flux));
299   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedVectorDestroy(&q_data));
300   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&elem_restr_qd));
301   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedElemRestrictionDestroy(&elem_restr_diff_flux));
302   PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
303 }
304 
305 static PetscErrorCode BoundaryIntegralBCSetup_CreateIFunctionQF(BCDefinition bc_def, CeedQFunction *qf) {
306   HoneeBCStruct honee_bc;
307 
308   PetscFunctionBeginUser;
309   PetscCall(BCDefinitionGetContext(bc_def, &honee_bc));
310   Honee honee = honee_bc->honee;
311 
312   switch (honee->phys->state_var) {
313     case STATEVAR_CONSERVATIVE:
314       PetscCall(HoneeBCCreateIFunctionQF(bc_def, BoundaryIntegral_Conserv, BoundaryIntegral_Conserv_loc, honee_bc->qfctx, qf));
315       break;
316     case STATEVAR_PRIMITIVE:
317       PetscCall(HoneeBCCreateIFunctionQF(bc_def, BoundaryIntegral_Prim, BoundaryIntegral_Prim_loc, honee_bc->qfctx, qf));
318       break;
319     case STATEVAR_ENTROPY:
320       PetscCall(HoneeBCCreateIFunctionQF(bc_def, BoundaryIntegral_Entropy, BoundaryIntegral_Entropy_loc, honee_bc->qfctx, qf));
321       break;
322   }
323   PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
324 }
325 
326 static PetscErrorCode BoundaryIntegralBCSetup_CreateIJacobianQF(BCDefinition bc_def, CeedQFunction *qf) {
327   HoneeBCStruct honee_bc;
328 
329   PetscFunctionBeginUser;
330   PetscCall(BCDefinitionGetContext(bc_def, &honee_bc));
331   Honee honee = honee_bc->honee;
332 
333   switch (honee->phys->state_var) {
334     case STATEVAR_CONSERVATIVE:
335       PetscCall(HoneeBCCreateIJacobianQF(bc_def, BoundaryIntegral_Jacobian_Conserv, BoundaryIntegral_Jacobian_Conserv_loc, honee_bc->qfctx, qf));
336       break;
337     case STATEVAR_PRIMITIVE:
338       PetscCall(HoneeBCCreateIJacobianQF(bc_def, BoundaryIntegral_Jacobian_Prim, BoundaryIntegral_Jacobian_Prim_loc, honee_bc->qfctx, qf));
339       break;
340     case STATEVAR_ENTROPY:
341       PetscCall(HoneeBCCreateIJacobianQF(bc_def, BoundaryIntegral_Jacobian_Entropy, BoundaryIntegral_Jacobian_Entropy_loc, honee_bc->qfctx, qf));
342       break;
343   }
344   PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
345 }
346 
347 PetscErrorCode NS_NEWTONIAN_IG(ProblemData problem, DM dm, void *ctx) {
348   SetupContext             setup_context;
349   Honee                    honee  = *(Honee *)ctx;
350   CeedInt                  degree = honee->app_ctx->degree;
351   StabilizationType        stab;
352   StateVariable            state_var;
353   MPI_Comm                 comm = honee->comm;
354   Ceed                     ceed = honee->ceed;
355   PetscBool                implicit;
356   PetscBool                unit_tests;
357   NewtonianIdealGasContext newtonian_ig_ctx;
358   CeedQFunctionContext     newtonian_ig_qfctx;
359 
360   PetscFunctionBeginUser;
361   PetscCall(PetscCalloc1(1, &setup_context));
362   PetscCall(PetscCalloc1(1, &newtonian_ig_ctx));
363 
364   // ------------------------------------------------------
365   //           Setup Generic Newtonian IG Problem
366   // ------------------------------------------------------
367   problem->num_comps_jac_data           = 14;
368   problem->compute_exact_solution_error = PETSC_FALSE;
369   problem->print_info                   = PRINT_NEWTONIAN;
370 
371   PetscCall(DivDiffFluxProjectionCreate(honee, 4, &honee->diff_flux_proj));
372   if (honee->diff_flux_proj) {
373     DivDiffFluxProjectionData diff_flux_proj = honee->diff_flux_proj;
374     NodalProjectionData       projection     = diff_flux_proj->projection;
375 
376     diff_flux_proj->CreateRHSOperator_Direct   = DivDiffFluxProjectionCreateRHS_Direct_NS;
377     diff_flux_proj->CreateRHSOperator_Indirect = DivDiffFluxProjectionCreateRHS_Indirect_NS;
378 
379     switch (honee->diff_flux_proj->method) {
380       case DIV_DIFF_FLUX_PROJ_DIRECT: {
381         PetscSection section;
382 
383         PetscCall(DMGetLocalSection(projection->dm, &section));
384         PetscCall(PetscSectionSetFieldName(section, 0, ""));
385         PetscCall(PetscSectionSetComponentName(section, 0, 0, "DivDiffusiveFlux_MomentumX"));
386         PetscCall(PetscSectionSetComponentName(section, 0, 1, "DivDiffusiveFlux_MomentumY"));
387         PetscCall(PetscSectionSetComponentName(section, 0, 2, "DivDiffusiveFlux_MomentumZ"));
388         PetscCall(PetscSectionSetComponentName(section, 0, 3, "DivDiffusiveFlux_Energy"));
389       } break;
390       case DIV_DIFF_FLUX_PROJ_INDIRECT: {
391         PetscSection section;
392 
393         PetscCall(DMGetLocalSection(projection->dm, &section));
394         PetscCall(PetscSectionSetFieldName(section, 0, ""));
395         PetscCall(PetscSectionSetComponentName(section, 0, 0, "DiffusiveFlux_MomentumXX"));
396         PetscCall(PetscSectionSetComponentName(section, 0, 1, "DiffusiveFlux_MomentumXY"));
397         PetscCall(PetscSectionSetComponentName(section, 0, 2, "DiffusiveFlux_MomentumXZ"));
398         PetscCall(PetscSectionSetComponentName(section, 0, 3, "DiffusiveFlux_MomentumYX"));
399         PetscCall(PetscSectionSetComponentName(section, 0, 4, "DiffusiveFlux_MomentumYY"));
400         PetscCall(PetscSectionSetComponentName(section, 0, 5, "DiffusiveFlux_MomentumYZ"));
401         PetscCall(PetscSectionSetComponentName(section, 0, 6, "DiffusiveFlux_MomentumZX"));
402         PetscCall(PetscSectionSetComponentName(section, 0, 7, "DiffusiveFlux_MomentumZY"));
403         PetscCall(PetscSectionSetComponentName(section, 0, 8, "DiffusiveFlux_MomentumZZ"));
404         PetscCall(PetscSectionSetComponentName(section, 0, 9, "DiffusiveFlux_EnergyX"));
405         PetscCall(PetscSectionSetComponentName(section, 0, 10, "DiffusiveFlux_EnergyY"));
406         PetscCall(PetscSectionSetComponentName(section, 0, 11, "DiffusiveFlux_EnergyZ"));
407       } break;
408       case DIV_DIFF_FLUX_PROJ_NONE:
409         SETERRQ(PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)honee->dm), PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONG, "Should not reach here with div_diff_flux_projection_method %s",
410                 DivDiffFluxProjectionMethods[honee->app_ctx->divFdiffproj_method]);
411         break;
412     }
413   }
414 
415   // ------------------------------------------------------
416   //             Create the QFunction context
417   // ------------------------------------------------------
418   CeedScalar cv         = 717.;          // J/(kg K)
419   CeedScalar cp         = 1004.;         // J/(kg K)
420   CeedScalar g[3]       = {0, 0, 0};     // m/s^2
421   CeedScalar lambda     = -2. / 3.;      // -
422   CeedScalar mu         = 1.8e-5;        // Pa s, dynamic viscosity
423   CeedScalar k          = 0.02638;       // W/(m K)
424   CeedScalar c_tau      = 0.5 / degree;  // -
425   CeedScalar Ctau_t     = 1.0;           // -
426   CeedScalar Cv_func[3] = {36, 60, 128};
427   CeedScalar Ctau_v     = Cv_func[(CeedInt)Min(3, degree) - 1];
428   CeedScalar Ctau_C     = 0.25 / degree;
429   CeedScalar Ctau_M     = 0.25 / degree;
430   CeedScalar Ctau_E     = 0.125;
431   PetscReal  domain_min[3], domain_max[3], domain_size[3];
432   PetscCall(DMGetBoundingBox(dm, domain_min, domain_max));
433   for (PetscInt i = 0; i < 3; i++) domain_size[i] = domain_max[i] - domain_min[i];
434 
435   StatePrimitive reference      = {.pressure = 1.01e5, .velocity = {0}, .temperature = 288.15};
436   CeedScalar     idl_decay_time = -1, idl_start = 0, idl_length = 0, idl_pressure = reference.pressure;
437   PetscBool      idl_enable = PETSC_FALSE;
438 
439   // ------------------------------------------------------
440   //             Create the PETSc context
441   // ------------------------------------------------------
442   PetscScalar meter    = 1;  // 1 meter in scaled length units
443   PetscScalar kilogram = 1;  // 1 kilogram in scaled mass units
444   PetscScalar second   = 1;  // 1 second in scaled time units
445   PetscScalar Kelvin   = 1;  // 1 Kelvin in scaled temperature units
446   PetscScalar W_per_m_K, Pascal, J_per_kg_K, m_per_squared_s;
447 
448   // ------------------------------------------------------
449   //              Command line Options
450   // ------------------------------------------------------
451   PetscBool given_option = PETSC_FALSE;
452   PetscOptionsBegin(comm, NULL, "Options for Newtonian Ideal Gas based problem", NULL);
453   // -- Conservative vs Primitive variables
454   PetscCall(PetscOptionsEnum("-state_var", "State variables used", NULL, StateVariables, (PetscEnum)(state_var = STATEVAR_CONSERVATIVE),
455                              (PetscEnum *)&state_var, NULL));
456 
457   switch (state_var) {
458     case STATEVAR_CONSERVATIVE:
459       problem->ics.qf_func_ptr                 = ICsNewtonianIG_Conserv;
460       problem->ics.qf_loc                      = ICsNewtonianIG_Conserv_loc;
461       problem->apply_vol_rhs.qf_func_ptr       = RHSFunction_Newtonian;
462       problem->apply_vol_rhs.qf_loc            = RHSFunction_Newtonian_loc;
463       problem->apply_vol_ifunction.qf_func_ptr = IFunction_Newtonian_Conserv;
464       problem->apply_vol_ifunction.qf_loc      = IFunction_Newtonian_Conserv_loc;
465       problem->apply_vol_ijacobian.qf_func_ptr = IJacobian_Newtonian_Conserv;
466       problem->apply_vol_ijacobian.qf_loc      = IJacobian_Newtonian_Conserv_loc;
467       break;
468     case STATEVAR_PRIMITIVE:
469       problem->ics.qf_func_ptr                 = ICsNewtonianIG_Prim;
470       problem->ics.qf_loc                      = ICsNewtonianIG_Prim_loc;
471       problem->apply_vol_ifunction.qf_func_ptr = IFunction_Newtonian_Prim;
472       problem->apply_vol_ifunction.qf_loc      = IFunction_Newtonian_Prim_loc;
473       problem->apply_vol_ijacobian.qf_func_ptr = IJacobian_Newtonian_Prim;
474       problem->apply_vol_ijacobian.qf_loc      = IJacobian_Newtonian_Prim_loc;
475       break;
476     case STATEVAR_ENTROPY:
477       problem->ics.qf_func_ptr                 = ICsNewtonianIG_Entropy;
478       problem->ics.qf_loc                      = ICsNewtonianIG_Entropy_loc;
479       problem->apply_vol_ifunction.qf_func_ptr = IFunction_Newtonian_Entropy;
480       problem->apply_vol_ifunction.qf_loc      = IFunction_Newtonian_Entropy_loc;
481       problem->apply_vol_ijacobian.qf_func_ptr = IJacobian_Newtonian_Entropy;
482       problem->apply_vol_ijacobian.qf_loc      = IJacobian_Newtonian_Entropy_loc;
483       break;
484   }
485 
486   // -- Physics
487   PetscCall(PetscOptionsScalar("-cv", "Heat capacity at constant volume", NULL, cv, &cv, NULL));
488   PetscCall(PetscOptionsScalar("-cp", "Heat capacity at constant pressure", NULL, cp, &cp, NULL));
489   PetscCall(PetscOptionsScalar("-lambda", "Stokes hypothesis second viscosity coefficient", NULL, lambda, &lambda, NULL));
490   PetscCall(PetscOptionsScalar("-mu", "Shear dynamic viscosity coefficient", NULL, mu, &mu, NULL));
491   PetscCall(PetscOptionsScalar("-k", "Thermal conductivity", NULL, k, &k, NULL));
492 
493   PetscInt dim = 3;
494   PetscCall(PetscOptionsDeprecated("-g", "-gravity", "libCEED 0.11.1", NULL));
495   PetscCall(PetscOptionsRealArray("-gravity", "Gravitational acceleration vector", NULL, g, &dim, &given_option));
496   if (given_option) PetscCheck(dim == 3, comm, PETSC_ERR_ARG_SIZ, "Gravity vector must be size 3, %" PetscInt_FMT " values given", dim);
497 
498   PetscCall(PetscOptionsEnum("-stab", "Stabilization method", NULL, StabilizationTypes, (PetscEnum)(stab = STAB_NONE), (PetscEnum *)&stab, NULL));
499   PetscCall(PetscOptionsScalar("-c_tau", "Stabilization constant", NULL, c_tau, &c_tau, NULL));
500   PetscCall(PetscOptionsScalar("-Ctau_t", "Stabilization time constant", NULL, Ctau_t, &Ctau_t, NULL));
501   PetscCall(PetscOptionsScalar("-Ctau_v", "Stabilization viscous constant", NULL, Ctau_v, &Ctau_v, NULL));
502   PetscCall(PetscOptionsScalar("-Ctau_C", "Stabilization continuity constant", NULL, Ctau_C, &Ctau_C, NULL));
503   PetscCall(PetscOptionsScalar("-Ctau_M", "Stabilization momentum constant", NULL, Ctau_M, &Ctau_M, NULL));
504   PetscCall(PetscOptionsScalar("-Ctau_E", "Stabilization energy constant", NULL, Ctau_E, &Ctau_E, NULL));
505   PetscCall(PetscOptionsBool("-implicit", "Use implicit (IFunction) formulation", NULL, implicit = PETSC_FALSE, &implicit, NULL));
506   PetscCall(PetscOptionsBool("-newtonian_unit_tests", "Run Newtonian unit tests", NULL, unit_tests = PETSC_FALSE, &unit_tests, NULL));
507 
508   dim = 3;
509   PetscCall(PetscOptionsScalar("-reference_pressure", "Reference/initial pressure", NULL, reference.pressure, &reference.pressure, NULL));
510   PetscCall(PetscOptionsScalarArray("-reference_velocity", "Reference/initial velocity", NULL, reference.velocity, &dim, NULL));
511   PetscCall(PetscOptionsScalar("-reference_temperature", "Reference/initial temperature", NULL, reference.temperature, &reference.temperature, NULL));
512 
513   // -- Units
514   PetscCall(PetscOptionsScalar("-units_meter", "1 meter in scaled length units", NULL, meter, &meter, NULL));
515   meter = fabs(meter);
516   PetscCall(PetscOptionsScalar("-units_kilogram", "1 kilogram in scaled mass units", NULL, kilogram, &kilogram, NULL));
517   kilogram = fabs(kilogram);
518   PetscCall(PetscOptionsScalar("-units_second", "1 second in scaled time units", NULL, second, &second, NULL));
519   second = fabs(second);
520   PetscCall(PetscOptionsScalar("-units_Kelvin", "1 Kelvin in scaled temperature units", NULL, Kelvin, &Kelvin, NULL));
521   Kelvin = fabs(Kelvin);
522 
523   // -- Warnings
524   PetscCheck(!(state_var == STATEVAR_PRIMITIVE && !implicit), comm, PETSC_ERR_SUP,
525              "RHSFunction is not provided for primitive variables (use -state_var primitive only with -implicit)\n");
526 
527   PetscCall(PetscOptionsScalar("-idl_decay_time", "Characteristic timescale of the pressure deviance decay. The timestep is good starting point",
528                                NULL, idl_decay_time, &idl_decay_time, &idl_enable));
529   PetscCheck(!(idl_enable && idl_decay_time == 0), comm, PETSC_ERR_SUP, "idl_decay_time may not be equal to zero.");
530   if (idl_decay_time < 0) idl_enable = PETSC_FALSE;
531   if (idl_enable) problem->num_comps_jac_data++;
532   PetscCall(PetscOptionsScalar("-idl_start", "Start of IDL in the x direction", NULL, idl_start, &idl_start, NULL));
533   PetscCall(PetscOptionsScalar("-idl_length", "Length of IDL in the positive x direction", NULL, idl_length, &idl_length, NULL));
534   idl_pressure = reference.pressure;
535   PetscCall(PetscOptionsScalar("-idl_pressure", "Pressure IDL uses as reference (default is `-reference_pressure`)", NULL, idl_pressure,
536                                &idl_pressure, NULL));
537   PetscOptionsEnd();
538 
539   if (stab == STAB_SUPG && !implicit) problem->create_mass_operator = CreateKSPMassOperator_NewtonianStabilized;
540 
541   // ------------------------------------------------------
542   //           Set up the PETSc context
543   // ------------------------------------------------------
544   // -- Define derived units
545   Pascal          = kilogram / (meter * PetscSqr(second));
546   J_per_kg_K      = PetscSqr(meter) / (PetscSqr(second) * Kelvin);
547   m_per_squared_s = meter / PetscSqr(second);
548   W_per_m_K       = kilogram * meter / (pow(second, 3) * Kelvin);
549 
550   honee->units->meter           = meter;
551   honee->units->kilogram        = kilogram;
552   honee->units->second          = second;
553   honee->units->Kelvin          = Kelvin;
554   honee->units->Pascal          = Pascal;
555   honee->units->J_per_kg_K      = J_per_kg_K;
556   honee->units->m_per_squared_s = m_per_squared_s;
557   honee->units->W_per_m_K       = W_per_m_K;
558 
559   // ------------------------------------------------------
560   //           Set up the QFunction context
561   // ------------------------------------------------------
562   // -- Scale variables to desired units
563   cv *= J_per_kg_K;
564   cp *= J_per_kg_K;
565   mu *= Pascal * second;
566   k *= W_per_m_K;
567   for (PetscInt i = 0; i < 3; i++) domain_size[i] *= meter;
568   for (PetscInt i = 0; i < 3; i++) g[i] *= m_per_squared_s;
569   reference.pressure *= Pascal;
570   for (PetscInt i = 0; i < 3; i++) reference.velocity[i] *= meter / second;
571   reference.temperature *= Kelvin;
572 
573   // -- Solver Settings
574   honee->phys->implicit  = implicit;
575   honee->phys->state_var = state_var;
576 
577   // -- QFunction Context
578   newtonian_ig_ctx->lambda          = lambda;
579   newtonian_ig_ctx->mu              = mu;
580   newtonian_ig_ctx->k               = k;
581   newtonian_ig_ctx->cv              = cv;
582   newtonian_ig_ctx->cp              = cp;
583   newtonian_ig_ctx->c_tau           = c_tau;
584   newtonian_ig_ctx->Ctau_t          = Ctau_t;
585   newtonian_ig_ctx->Ctau_v          = Ctau_v;
586   newtonian_ig_ctx->Ctau_C          = Ctau_C;
587   newtonian_ig_ctx->Ctau_M          = Ctau_M;
588   newtonian_ig_ctx->Ctau_E          = Ctau_E;
589   newtonian_ig_ctx->stabilization   = stab;
590   newtonian_ig_ctx->is_implicit     = implicit;
591   newtonian_ig_ctx->state_var       = state_var;
592   newtonian_ig_ctx->idl_enable      = idl_enable;
593   newtonian_ig_ctx->idl_amplitude   = 1 / (idl_decay_time * second);
594   newtonian_ig_ctx->idl_start       = idl_start * meter;
595   newtonian_ig_ctx->idl_length      = idl_length * meter;
596   newtonian_ig_ctx->idl_pressure    = idl_pressure;
597   newtonian_ig_ctx->divFdiff_method = honee->app_ctx->divFdiffproj_method;
598   PetscCall(PetscArraycpy(newtonian_ig_ctx->g, g, 3));
599 
600   // -- Setup Context
601   setup_context->reference = reference;
602   setup_context->gas       = *newtonian_ig_ctx;
603   setup_context->lx        = domain_size[0];
604   setup_context->ly        = domain_size[1];
605   setup_context->lz        = domain_size[2];
606   setup_context->time      = 0;
607 
608   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionContextCreate(honee->ceed, &problem->ics.qfctx));
609   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionContextSetData(problem->ics.qfctx, CEED_MEM_HOST, CEED_USE_POINTER, sizeof(*setup_context), setup_context));
610   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionContextSetDataDestroy(problem->ics.qfctx, CEED_MEM_HOST, FreeContextPetsc));
611   PetscCallCeed(
612       ceed, CeedQFunctionContextRegisterDouble(problem->ics.qfctx, "evaluation time", offsetof(struct SetupContext_, time), 1, "Time of evaluation"));
613 
614   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionContextCreate(honee->ceed, &newtonian_ig_qfctx));
615   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionContextSetData(newtonian_ig_qfctx, CEED_MEM_HOST, CEED_USE_POINTER, sizeof(*newtonian_ig_ctx), newtonian_ig_ctx));
616   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionContextSetDataDestroy(newtonian_ig_qfctx, CEED_MEM_HOST, FreeContextPetsc));
617   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionContextRegisterDouble(newtonian_ig_qfctx, "timestep size", offsetof(struct NewtonianIdealGasContext_, dt), 1,
618                                                          "Size of timestep, delta t"));
619   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionContextRegisterDouble(newtonian_ig_qfctx, "ijacobian time shift",
620                                                          offsetof(struct NewtonianIdealGasContext_, ijacobian_time_shift), 1,
621                                                          "Shift for mass matrix in IJacobian"));
622   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionContextRegisterDouble(newtonian_ig_qfctx, "solution time", offsetof(struct NewtonianIdealGasContext_, time), 1,
623                                                          "Current solution time"));
624 
625   problem->apply_vol_rhs.qfctx = newtonian_ig_qfctx;
626   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionContextReferenceCopy(newtonian_ig_qfctx, &problem->apply_vol_ifunction.qfctx));
627   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionContextReferenceCopy(newtonian_ig_qfctx, &problem->apply_vol_ijacobian.qfctx));
628 
629   for (PetscCount b = 0; b < problem->num_bc_defs; b++) {
630     BCDefinition bc_def = problem->bc_defs[b];
631     const char  *name;
632 
633     PetscCall(BCDefinitionGetInfo(bc_def, &name, NULL, NULL));
634     if (!strcmp(name, "slip")) {
635       PetscCall(SlipBCSetup(bc_def, problem, dm, ctx, newtonian_ig_qfctx));
636     } else if (!strcmp(name, "freestream")) {
637       PetscCall(FreestreamBCSetup(bc_def, problem, dm, ctx, newtonian_ig_ctx, &reference));
638     } else if (!strcmp(name, "outflow")) {
639       PetscCall(OutflowBCSetup(bc_def, problem, dm, ctx, newtonian_ig_ctx, &reference));
640     } else if (!strcmp(name, "inflow")) {
641       HoneeBCStruct honee_bc;
642 
643       PetscCall(PetscNew(&honee_bc));
644       PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionContextReferenceCopy(newtonian_ig_qfctx, &honee_bc->qfctx));
645       honee_bc->honee              = honee;
646       honee_bc->num_comps_jac_data = honee->phys->implicit ? 11 : 0;
647       PetscCall(BCDefinitionSetContext(bc_def, HoneeBCDestroy, honee_bc));
648 
649       PetscCall(BCDefinitionSetIFunction(bc_def, BoundaryIntegralBCSetup_CreateIFunctionQF, HoneeBCAddIFunctionOp));
650       PetscCall(BCDefinitionSetIJacobian(bc_def, BoundaryIntegralBCSetup_CreateIJacobianQF, HoneeBCAddIJacobianOp));
651     }
652   }
653 
654   if (unit_tests) {
655     PetscCall(UnitTests_Newtonian(honee, newtonian_ig_ctx));
656   }
657   PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
658 }
659 
660 PetscErrorCode PRINT_NEWTONIAN(Honee honee, ProblemData problem, AppCtx app_ctx) {
661   MPI_Comm                 comm = honee->comm;
662   Ceed                     ceed = honee->ceed;
663   NewtonianIdealGasContext newtonian_ctx;
664 
665   PetscFunctionBeginUser;
666   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionContextGetData(problem->apply_vol_rhs.qfctx, CEED_MEM_HOST, &newtonian_ctx));
667   PetscCall(PetscPrintf(comm,
668                         "  Problem:\n"
669                         "    Problem Name                       : %s\n"
670                         "    Stabilization                      : %s\n",
671                         app_ctx->problem_name, StabilizationTypes[newtonian_ctx->stabilization]));
672   PetscCallCeed(ceed, CeedQFunctionContextRestoreData(problem->apply_vol_rhs.qfctx, &newtonian_ctx));
673   PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
674 }
675 
676 static PetscErrorCode CheckQWithTolerance(const CeedScalar Q_s[5], const CeedScalar Q_a[5], const CeedScalar Q_b[5], const char *name,
677                                           PetscReal rtol_0, PetscReal rtol_u, PetscReal rtol_4) {
678   CeedScalar relative_error[5];  // relative error
679   CeedScalar divisor_threshold = 10 * CEED_EPSILON;
680 
681   PetscFunctionBeginUser;
682   relative_error[0] = (Q_a[0] - Q_b[0]) / (fabs(Q_s[0]) > divisor_threshold ? Q_s[0] : 1);
683   relative_error[4] = (Q_a[4] - Q_b[4]) / (fabs(Q_s[4]) > divisor_threshold ? Q_s[4] : 1);
684 
685   CeedScalar u_magnitude = sqrt(Square(Q_s[1]) + Square(Q_s[2]) + Square(Q_s[3]));
686   CeedScalar u_divisor   = u_magnitude > divisor_threshold ? u_magnitude : 1;
687   for (int i = 1; i < 4; i++) {
688     relative_error[i] = (Q_a[i] - Q_b[i]) / u_divisor;
689   }
690 
691   if (fabs(relative_error[0]) >= rtol_0) {
692     printf("%s[0] error %g (expected %.10e, got %.10e)\n", name, relative_error[0], Q_s[0], Q_a[0]);
693   }
694   for (int i = 1; i < 4; i++) {
695     if (fabs(relative_error[i]) >= rtol_u) {
696       printf("%s[%d] error %g (expected %.10e, got %.10e)\n", name, i, relative_error[i], Q_s[i], Q_a[i]);
697     }
698   }
699   if (fabs(relative_error[4]) >= rtol_4) {
700     printf("%s[4] error %g (expected %.10e, got %.10e)\n", name, relative_error[4], Q_s[4], Q_a[4]);
701   }
702   PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
703 }
704 
705 // @brief Verify `StateFromQ` by converting A0 -> B0 -> A0_test, where A0 should equal A0_test
706 static PetscErrorCode TestState(StateVariable state_var_A, StateVariable state_var_B, NewtonianIdealGasContext gas, const CeedScalar A0[5],
707                                 CeedScalar rtol_0, CeedScalar rtol_u, CeedScalar rtol_4) {
708   CeedScalar        B0[5], A0_test[5];
709   char              buf[128];
710   const char *const StateVariables_Initial[] = {"U", "Y", "V"};
711 
712   PetscFunctionBeginUser;
713   const char *A_initial = StateVariables_Initial[state_var_A];
714   const char *B_initial = StateVariables_Initial[state_var_B];
715 
716   State state_A0 = StateFromQ(gas, A0, state_var_A);
717   StateToQ(gas, state_A0, B0, state_var_B);
718   State state_B0 = StateFromQ(gas, B0, state_var_B);
719   StateToQ(gas, state_B0, A0_test, state_var_A);
720 
721   snprintf(buf, sizeof buf, "%s->%s->%s: %s", A_initial, B_initial, A_initial, A_initial);
722   PetscCall(CheckQWithTolerance(A0, A0_test, A0, buf, rtol_0, rtol_u, rtol_4));
723   PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
724 }
725 
726 // @brief Verify `StateFromQ_fwd` via a finite difference approximation
727 static PetscErrorCode TestState_fwd(StateVariable state_var_A, StateVariable state_var_B, NewtonianIdealGasContext gas, const CeedScalar A0[5],
728                                     CeedScalar rtol_0, CeedScalar rtol_u, CeedScalar rtol_4) {
729   CeedScalar        eps = 4e-7;  // Finite difference step
730   char              buf[128];
731   const char *const StateVariables_Initial[] = {"U", "Y", "V"};
732 
733   PetscFunctionBeginUser;
734   const char *A_initial = StateVariables_Initial[state_var_A];
735   const char *B_initial = StateVariables_Initial[state_var_B];
736   State       state_0   = StateFromQ(gas, A0, state_var_A);
737 
738   for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
739     CeedScalar dB[5] = {0.}, dB_fd[5] = {0.};
740     {  // Calculate dB using State functions
741       CeedScalar dA[5] = {0};
742 
743       dA[i]          = A0[i];
744       State dstate_0 = StateFromQ_fwd(gas, state_0, dA, state_var_A);
745       StateToQ_fwd(gas, state_0, dstate_0, dB, state_var_B);
746     }
747 
748     {  // Calculate dB_fd via finite difference approximation
749       CeedScalar A1[5], B0[5], B1[5];
750 
751       for (int j = 0; j < 5; j++) A1[j] = (1 + eps * (i == j)) * A0[j];
752       State state_1 = StateFromQ(gas, A1, state_var_A);
753       StateToQ(gas, state_0, B0, state_var_B);
754       StateToQ(gas, state_1, B1, state_var_B);
755       for (int j = 0; j < 5; j++) dB_fd[j] = (B1[j] - B0[j]) / eps;
756     }
757 
758     snprintf(buf, sizeof buf, "d%s->d%s: StateFrom%s_fwd i=%d: d%s", A_initial, B_initial, A_initial, i, B_initial);
759     PetscCall(CheckQWithTolerance(dB_fd, dB, dB_fd, buf, rtol_0, rtol_u, rtol_4));
760   }
761   PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
762 }
763 
764 // @brief Test the Newtonian State transformation functions, `StateFrom*`
765 static PetscErrorCode UnitTests_Newtonian(Honee honee, NewtonianIdealGasContext gas) {
766   Units            units = honee->units;
767   const CeedScalar kg = units->kilogram, m = units->meter, sec = units->second, K = units->Kelvin;
768   CeedScalar       rtol;
769 
770   PetscFunctionBeginUser;
771   const CeedScalar T          = 200 * K;
772   const CeedScalar rho        = 1.2 * kg / Cube(m);
773   const CeedScalar P          = (HeatCapacityRatio(gas) - 1) * rho * gas->cv * T;
774   const CeedScalar u_base     = 40 * m / sec;
775   const CeedScalar u[3]       = {u_base, u_base * 1.1, u_base * 1.2};
776   const CeedScalar e_kinetic  = 0.5 * Dot3(u, u);
777   const CeedScalar e_internal = gas->cv * T;
778   const CeedScalar e_total    = e_kinetic + e_internal;
779   const CeedScalar gamma      = HeatCapacityRatio(gas);
780   const CeedScalar entropy    = log(P) - gamma * log(rho);
781   const CeedScalar rho_div_p  = rho / P;
782   const CeedScalar Y0[5]      = {P, u[0], u[1], u[2], T};
783   const CeedScalar U0[5]      = {rho, rho * u[0], rho * u[1], rho * u[2], rho * e_total};
784   const CeedScalar V0[5]      = {(gamma - entropy) / (gamma - 1) - rho_div_p * (e_kinetic), rho_div_p * u[0], rho_div_p * u[1], rho_div_p * u[2],
785                                  -rho_div_p};
786 
787   rtol = 20 * CEED_EPSILON;
788   PetscCall(TestState(STATEVAR_PRIMITIVE, STATEVAR_CONSERVATIVE, gas, Y0, rtol, rtol, rtol));
789   PetscCall(TestState(STATEVAR_PRIMITIVE, STATEVAR_ENTROPY, gas, Y0, rtol, rtol, rtol));
790   PetscCall(TestState(STATEVAR_CONSERVATIVE, STATEVAR_PRIMITIVE, gas, U0, rtol, rtol, rtol));
791   PetscCall(TestState(STATEVAR_CONSERVATIVE, STATEVAR_ENTROPY, gas, U0, rtol, rtol, rtol));
792   PetscCall(TestState(STATEVAR_ENTROPY, STATEVAR_CONSERVATIVE, gas, V0, rtol, rtol, rtol));
793   PetscCall(TestState(STATEVAR_ENTROPY, STATEVAR_PRIMITIVE, gas, V0, rtol, rtol, rtol));
794 
795   rtol = 5e-6;
796   PetscCall(TestState_fwd(STATEVAR_PRIMITIVE, STATEVAR_CONSERVATIVE, gas, Y0, rtol, rtol, rtol));
797   PetscCall(TestState_fwd(STATEVAR_PRIMITIVE, STATEVAR_ENTROPY, gas, Y0, rtol, rtol, rtol));
798   PetscCall(TestState_fwd(STATEVAR_CONSERVATIVE, STATEVAR_PRIMITIVE, gas, U0, rtol, rtol, rtol));
799   PetscCall(TestState_fwd(STATEVAR_CONSERVATIVE, STATEVAR_ENTROPY, gas, U0, 10 * rtol, rtol, rtol));
800   PetscCall(TestState_fwd(STATEVAR_ENTROPY, STATEVAR_CONSERVATIVE, gas, V0, 5 * rtol, rtol, rtol));
801   PetscCall(TestState_fwd(STATEVAR_ENTROPY, STATEVAR_PRIMITIVE, gas, V0, 5 * rtol, 5 * rtol, 5 * rtol));
802   PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
803 }
804